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Koo K, Chang JH, Ji S, Choi H, Cho SH, Yoo SJ, Choe J, Lee HS, Bae SW, Oh JM, Woo HS, Shin S, Lee K, Kim TH, Jung YS, Kwon JH, Lee JH, Huh Y, Kang S, Kim HY, Yuk JM. Abnormal Silicon Etching Behaviors in Nanometer-Sized Channels. Nano Lett 2024. [PMID: 38557080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Modern semiconductor fabrication is challenged by difficulties in overcoming physical and chemical constraints. A major challenge is the wet etching of dummy gate silicon, which involves the removal of materials inside confined spaces of a few nanometers. These chemical processes are significantly different in the nanoscale and bulk. Previously, electrical double-layer formation, bubble entrapment, poor wettability, and insoluble intermediate precipitation have been proposed. However, the exact suppression mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of direct observation methods. Herein, we investigate limiting factors for the etching kinetics of silicon with tetramethylammonium hydroxide at the nanoscale by using liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, three-dimensional electron tomography, and first-principles calculations. We reveal suppressed chemical reactions, unstripping phenomena, and stochastic etching behaviors that have never been observed on a macroscopic scale. We expect that solutions can be suggested from this comprehensive insight into the scale-dependent limiting factors of fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee H Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jo Yoo
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacob Choe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo San Lee
- Process Development, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Bae
- Material Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Material Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Suk Woo
- Material Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Shin
- Advanced Process Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuntack Lee
- Process Development, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hong Kim
- DRAM Process Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Huh
- Analysis & Assessment Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kang
- Analysis & Assessment Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun You Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Oh JM, Jwa SJ, Won JM, Baek WY, Hong JW, Lee WJ, Suh YC. A bipedicled keystone perforator island flap: Pedicle division technique with enhanced advancement potential for chronic wound coverage. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 86:239-245. [PMID: 37782997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the first description of the keystone perforator island flap (KPIF) in 2003, several modifications have been suggested to enhance its coverage ability. However, locoregional flaps have limited its use in chronic wounds due to decreased elasticity around the defect. We investigated the use of a bipedicled KPIF (bKPIF), which covers a defect while completely elevating the median part of the flap from the fascia. A retrospective chart review of 20 consecutive patients who underwent classical type I KPIF (n = 10) or bKPIF (n = 10) reconstruction from June 2020 to December 2022 was performed. Baseline characteristics, indications, operative details, healing time, and complications were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The average defect size was 30 cm2 in type I KPIF and 36.6 cm2 in bKPIF, and an average flap size of 86.5 cm2 was covered in type I KPIF, larger than bKPIF at 73.8 cm2. The flap/defect ratio was significantly lower in the bKPIF group (p < 0.02), with an average of only 55% pedicular area. The average advancement distance in the bKPIF group was 1.85 cm (standard deviation 0.78) greater than that in the type 1 KPIF group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of operation time, complete healing time, and complications. All ten bKPIFs were successful without any flap necrosis. Even though the mean pedicular area in the bKPIF group was nearly half compared with that in the type I KPIF group, it was sufficient to perfuse the entire flap without any major complications. This novel technique using bKPIF has potential clinical relevance, as evidenced by the enhanced ability to cover chronic defects with severe scarring. Lateralizing the hotspots to the bilateral corners of the flap is the mechanism that facilitates this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Jwa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Won
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yeol Baek
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Suh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shin J, Kim JY, Oh JM, Lee JE, Kim SW, Nam SJ, Park W, Park YH, Ahn JS, Im YH. Comprehensive Clinical Characterization of Decade-Long Survivors of Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4720. [PMID: 37835414 PMCID: PMC10571750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating the clinical features of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with an exceptionally favorable prognosis may offer insights to improve the survival of more typical patients. METHODS We collected comprehensive real-world data on clinicopathologic characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of 110 consecutive MBC patients who survived for over ten years from the clinical data warehouse of Samsung Medical Center. RESULTS The cohort included 54 hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-), 21 HR+/HER2+, 16 HR-/HER2+, and 14 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. The median age at MBC diagnosis was 48.5 years. Approximately 70% of patients initially had a single-organ metastasis. The most common site of metastasis was the lung (46.4%), followed by distant lymph nodes (37.3%). During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, the median duration of systemic therapy was 11, 8.4, 7.3, and 0.8 years in the HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2+, and TNBC subgroups, respectively. Seven HER2+ and ten TNBC patients received systemic treatment for less than two years and remained treatment-free for most of the follow-up period, suggesting a potential chance of cure. The TNBC subtype (p < 0.001) and local treatment with curative intent within 1 year of MBC diagnosis (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with long-term treatment-free survival. The survival of HER2+ MBC and TNBC patients, but not that of HR+/HER2- patients, plateaued approximately 13 years after MBC diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS A small subset of patients with HER2+ MBC and metastatic TNBC may be curable with multimodality therapy. Prospective studies integrating clinical and genomic data may identify unique clinicogenomic features of MBC patients who can achieve durable disease control without prolonged chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.S.)
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.S.)
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyuck Im
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.S.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Oh JM, Lee SK, Yu J, Lee JE, Kim SW, Nam SJ, Park YH, Ahn JS, Kim K, Im YH. Improved Prediction of Survival Outcomes Using Residual Cancer Burden in Combination With Ki-67 in Breast Cancer Patients Underwent Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903372. [PMID: 35747813 PMCID: PMC9209701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a model for improving the prediction of survival outcome using postoperative Ki-67 value in combination with residual cancer burden (RCB) in patients with breast cancer (BC) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We analyzed the data from BC patients who underwent NAC between 2010 and 2019 at Samsung Medical Center and developed our residual proliferative cancer burden (RPCB) model using semi-quantitative Ki-67 value and RCB class. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to develop our RPCB model according to disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). In total, 1,959 patients were included in this analysis. Of 1,959 patients, 905 patients were excluded due to RCB class 0, and 32 were due to a lack of Ki-67 data. Finally, an RPCB model was developed using data from 1,022 patients. The RPCB score was calculated for DFS and OS outcomes, respectively (RPCB-DFS and RPCB-OS). For further survival analysis, we divided the population into 3 classes according to the RPCB score. In the prediction of DFS, C-indices were 0.751 vs 0.670 and time-dependent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) at 3-year were 0.740 vs 0.669 for RPCB-DFS and RCB models, respectively. In the prediction of OS, C-indices were 0.819 vs 0.720 and time-dependent AUCs at 3-year were 0.875 vs 0.747 for RPCB-OS and RCB models, respectively. The RPCB model developed using RCB class and semi-quantitative Ki-67 had superior predictive value for DFS and OS compared with that of RCB class. This prediction model could provide the basis to decide risk-stratified treatment plan for BC patients who had residual disease after NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology–Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Kyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonghan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology–Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology–Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyuck Im
- Division of Hematology–Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young-Hyuck Im,
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Jang MG, Oh JM, Ko HC, Kim JW, Baek S, Jin YJ, Hur SP, Kim SJ. Clerodendrum trichotomum extract improves metabolic derangements in high fructose diet-fed rats. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:396-404. [PMID: 35059139 PMCID: PMC8765252 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.2004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clerodendrum trichotomum has been reported to possess beneficial properties for human health, but its effects on metabolic syndrome have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of C. trichotomum leaf extract (CT) on the metabolic derangements induced by a high-fructose (HF) diet. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with a 46% carbohydrate diet (HC group), 60% high-fructose diet (HF group), or HF diet supplemented with CT (500 mg/kg of body weight/day, CT group) via drinking water for 16 weeks. Results showed that CT alleviated HF diet-induced insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis In liver tissues, CT affected the signaling pathways of AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1. CT enriched the genes that were mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, PPAR, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, and fatty acid metabolism pathway. These results suggest that CT is a promising therapeutic against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Jang
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Ko
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyee Baek
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Jin
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, South Korea
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Oh JM, Park YH, Ahn JS, Im YH. Which Clinicopathologic Parameters Suggest Primary Resistance to Palbociclib in Combination With Letrozole as the First-Line Treatment for Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer? Front Oncol 2021; 11:759150. [PMID: 34745997 PMCID: PMC8566811 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.759150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated clinical parameters to predict the primary resistance of palbociclib in combination with endocrine therapy as the first-line treatment in patients with hormone receptor (HR)+, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We performed a data analysis of patients diagnosed with HR+, HER2-MBC who received palbociclib plus letrozole as the first-line treatment in the metastatic setting from the clinical data warehouse in Samsung Medical Center. In this study, 305 patients were included in the final data analysis. The median follow-up duration was 31 months, and we observed 123 cases of disease progression. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 28.7 months, and 38 patients (12.5%) had less than a 6-month PFS. The multivariate analysis suggested that primary resistance to adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) (hazard ratio: 1.91), presence of liver metastasis (hazard ratio: 2.17), initial elevation of serum CA-15-3 (hazard ratio: 1.99), weak positivity of estrogen receptor (ER) (hazard ratio: 2.28), Ki-67 3+ or 4+ (hazard ratios: 2.58 and 10.28), and presence of mutation (hazard ratio: 9.59) were associated with a short PFS duration. A further prediction model was developed with data from 256 patients and 33 cases of disease progression in 6 months. This model included five factors-primary resistance to adjuvant ET (odds ratio, OR: 1.14), liver metastasis (OR: 1.56), initial CA-15-3 elevation (OR: 1.51), weak ER expression (OR: 2.22), and BRCA2 mutation (OR: 2.85)-and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.842 (95% CI: 0.775, 0.909; p < 0.001). Finally, we divided them into four risk groups according to the prediction model with the five risk factors. These four groups had different PFS (p < 0.001) and primary resistance of palbociclib with letrozole [OR of group 2 vs. group 1 (ref): 2.18 (p = 0.002), OR of group 3: 3.91 (p < 0.001), and OR of group 4: 4.25 (p < 0.001)]. We developed a prediction model of primary resistance to palbociclib with letrozole as the first-line treatment for HR+, HER2-MBC. Our prediction model might be helpful for considering the first-line treatment strategies. Further well-designed clinical trials would be warranted to validate our prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyuck Im
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Park JY, Jang MG, Oh JM, Ko HC, Hur SP, Kim JW, Baek S, Kim SJ. Sasa quelpaertensis Leaf Extract Ameliorates Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in High-Fructose-Diet-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123762. [PMID: 33297496 PMCID: PMC7762336 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased dietary fructose consumption is closely associated with lipid and glucose metabolic disorders. Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai possesses various health-promoting properties, but there has been no research on its protective effect against fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effects of S. quelpaertensis leaf extract (SQE) on metabolic dysfunction in high-fructose-diet-fed rats. Methods: Animals were fed a 46% carbohydrate diet, a 60% high-fructose diet, or a 60% high-fructose diet with SQE (500 mg/kg of body weight (BW)/day) in drinking water for 16 weeks. Serum biochemical parameters were measured and the effects of SQE on hepatic histology, protein expression, and transcriptome profiles were investigated. Results: SQE improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance induced in high-fructose-diet-fed rats. SQE ameliorated the lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in liver tissues by modulating the expressions of key proteins related to lipid metabolism and antioxidant response. SQE significantly enriched the genes related to the metabolic pathway, namely, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions: SQE could effectively prevent dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation by regulation of metabolism-related gene expressions, suggesting its role as a functional ingredient to prevent lifestyle-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Park
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (M.G.J.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Mi Gyeong Jang
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (M.G.J.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (M.G.J.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Hee Chul Ko
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (H.C.K.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Jeju International Marine Science Research & Logistics Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Gujwa, Jeju 63349, Korea;
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (H.C.K.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Songyee Baek
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (H.C.K.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (J.Y.P.); (M.G.J.); (J.M.O.)
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju Nation University, Jeju 63423, Korea; (H.C.K.); (J.-W.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3529
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Ko HC, Jang MG, Oh JM, Park JY, Kim JE, Kim JW, Baek S, Han SH, Kim SJ. Changes in chemical composition and antioxidant activity of dried Citrus unshiu peel after roasting. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a diagnostic tool to automatically detect temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with artificial intelligence. CBCT images of patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder were included for image preparation. Single-shot detection, an object detection model, was trained with 3,514 sagittal CBCT images of the temporomandibular joint that showed signs of osseous changes in the mandibular condyle. The region of interest (condylar head) was defined and classified into 2 categories-indeterminate for TMJOA and TMJOA-according to image analysis criteria for the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder. The model was tested with 2 sets of 300 images in total. The average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score over the 2 test sets were 0.86, 0.85, 0.84, and 0.84, respectively. Automated detection of TMJOA from sagittal CBCT images is possible by using a deep neural networks model. It may be used to support clinicians with diagnosis and decision making for treatments of TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lee
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kwak
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Oh
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N Jha
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U B Baik
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J J Ryu
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Jang MG, Song H, Kim JH, Oh JM, Park JY, Ko HC, Hur SP, Kim SJ. Prevention of Hyperuricemia by Clerodendrum trichotomum Leaf Extract in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Mice. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:89-100. [PMID: 32734126 PMCID: PMC7375980 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clerodendrum trichotomum is a folk medicine exhibiting anti-hypertension, anti-arthritis, and anti-rheumatism properties. However, little is known about whether the material might prevent hyperuricemia and associated inflammation. In this study, we explored whether C. trichotomum leaf extract (CTE) prevented hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate (PO) in mice. CTE (400 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels and increased urine UA and creatinine levels. CTE ameliorated PO-induced inflammation and apoptosis by reducing the levels of relevant proteins in kidney tissues. Also, CTE ameliorated both UA-induced inflammatory response in RAW 263.7 cells and UA-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells. In addition, liver transcriptome analysis showed that CTE enriched mainly the genes for mediating positive regulation of MAPK cascade and apoptotic signaling pathways. Together, the results show that CTE effectively prevents hyperuricemia and associated inflammation in PO-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Jang
- Dept. of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hana Song
- Dept. of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Dept. of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Dept. of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jung Young Park
- Dept. of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Ko
- Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Hur
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Dept. of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.,Biotech Regional Innovation Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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11
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Park YS, Kim J, Oh JM, Park S, Cho S, Ko H, Cho YK. Near-Field Electrospinning for Three-Dimensional Stacked Nanoarchitectures with High Aspect Ratios. Nano Lett 2020; 20:441-448. [PMID: 31763856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) was developed to overcome the intrinsic instability of traditional electrospinning processes and to facilitate the controllable deposition of nanofibers under a reduced electric field. This technique offers a straightforward and versatile method for the precision patterning of two-dimensional (2D) nanofibers. However, three-dimensional (3D) stacked structures built by NFES have been limited to either micron-scale sizes or special shapes. Herein, we report on a direct-write 3D NFES technique to construct self-aligned, template-free, 3D stacked nanoarchitectures by simply adding salt to the polymer solution. Numerical simulations suggested that the electric field could be tuned to achieve self-aligned nanofibers by adjusting the conductivity of the polymer solution. This was confirmed experimentally by using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions containing 0.1-1.0 wt% NaCl. Using 0.1 wt% NaCl, nanowalls with a maximum of 80 layers could be built with a width of 92 ± 3 nm, height of 6.6 ± 0.1 μm, and aspect ratio (height/width) of 72. We demonstrate the 3D printing of nanoskyscrapers with various designs, such as curved "nanowall arrays", nano "jungle gyms," and "nanobridges". Further, we present an application of the 3D stacked nanofiber arrays by preparing transparent and flexible polydimethylsiloxane films embedded with Ag-sputtered nanowalls as 3D nanoelectrodes. The conductivity of the nanoelectrodes can be precisely tuned by adjusting the number of 3D printed layers, without sacrificing transmittance (98.5%). The current NFES approach provides a simple, reliable route to build 3D stacked nanoarchitectures with high-aspect ratios for potential application in smart materials, energy devices, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoung Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungse Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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12
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Um E, Oh JM, Park J, Song T, Kim TE, Choi Y, Shin C, Kolygina D, Jeon JH, Grzybowski BA, Cho YK. Correction: Immature dendritic cells navigate microscopic mazes to find tumor cells. Lab Chip 2019; 19:3140. [PMID: 31468052 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc90097g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Immature dendritic cells navigate microscopic mazes to find tumor cells' by Eujin Um et al., Lab Chip, 2019, 19, 1665-1675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Um
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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13
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Um E, Oh JM, Park J, Song T, Kim TE, Choi Y, Shin C, Kolygina D, Jeon JH, Grzybowski BA, Cho YK. Immature dendritic cells navigate microscopic mazes to find tumor cells. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1665-1675. [PMID: 30931468 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells with high sentinel ability to scan their neighborhood and to initiate an adaptive immune response. Whereas chemotactic migration of mature DCs (mDCs) towards lymph nodes is relatively well documented, the migratory behavior of immature DCs (imDCs) in tumor microenvironments is still poorly understood. Here, microfluidic systems of various geometries, including mazes, are used to investigate how the physical and chemical microenvironment influences the migration pattern of imDCs. Under proper degree of confinement, the imDCs are preferentially recruited towards cancer vs. normal cells, accompanied by increased cell speed and persistence. Furthermore, a systematic screen of cytokines, reveals that Gas6 is a major chemokine responsible for the chemotactic preference. These results and the accompanying theoretical model suggest that imDC migration in complex tissue environments is tuned by a proper balance between the strength of the chemical gradients and the degree of spatial confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Um
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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14
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Michael IJ, Kumar S, Oh JM, Kim D, Kim J, Cho YK. Surface-Engineered Paper Hanging Drop Chip for 3D Spheroid Culture and Analysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:33839-33846. [PMID: 30192134 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein corona coated onto the hydrophilic cellulose fiber turns into hydrophobic upon UV irradiation without hindering the porosity of the paper while simultaneously reducing nonspecific adsorption. Taking advantage of the biofouling-resistant, hydrophobic, and fluid transport through property, we demonstrated hanging drop three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture and in-site analysis, including drug testing, time-dependent detection of secreted protein, and fluorescence staining without disturbing the spheroids. This single hanging drop system can also be extended to a networked hanging drop chip to mimic in vivo microphysiology by combining with wax-patterned microfluidic channels, where well-to-well interaction can be accurately controlled in a passive manner. As a proof of concept, the effects of a concentration gradient of nutrient and variable dosage of anticancer drugs were studied in the 3D spheroids cultured on paper. The experimental results suggested that a complex network device could be fabricated on a large scale on demand at a minimal cost for 3D spheroid culture. Our method demonstrates a future possibility for paper as a low cost, high-throughput 3D spheroid-based "body-on-a-chip" platform material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issac J Michael
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , UNIST-gil 50 , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Yu SM, Oh JM, Lee J, Lee-Kwon W, Jung W, Amblard F, Granick S, Cho YK. Substrate curvature affects the shape, orientation, and polarization of renal epithelial cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:311-321. [PMID: 30006316 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The unique structure of kidney tubules is representative of their specialized function. Because maintaining tubular structure and controlled diameter is critical for kidney function, it is critical to understand how topographical cues, such as curvature, might alter cell morphology and biological characteristics. Here, we examined the effect of substrate curvature on the shape and phenotype of two kinds of renal epithelial cells (MDCK and HK-2) cultured on a microchannel with a broad range of principal curvature. We found that cellular architecture on curved substrates was closely related to the cell type-specific characteristics (stiffness, cell-cell adherence) of the cells and their density, as well as the sign and degree of curvature. As the curvature increased on convex channels, HK-2 cells, having lower cell stiffness and monolayer integrity than those of MDCK cells, aligned their in-plane axis perpendicular to the channel but did not significantly change in morphology. By contrast, MDCK cells showed minimal change in both morphology and alignment. However, on concave channels, both cell types were elongated and showed longitudinal directionality, although the changes in MDCK cells were more conservative. Moreover, substrate curvature contributed to cell polarization by enhancing the expression of apical and basolateral cell markers with height increase of the cells. Our study suggests curvature to be an important guiding principle for advanced tissue model developments, and that curved and geometrically ambiguous substrates can modulate the cellular morphology and phenotype. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In many tissues, such as renal tubules or intestinal villi, epithelial layers exist in naturally curved forms, a geometry that is not reproduced by flat cultures. Because maintaining tubular structure is critical for kidney function, it is important to understand how topographical cues, such as curvature, might alter cell morphology and biological characteristics. We found that cellular architecture on curved substrates was closely related to cell type and density, as well as the sign and degree of the curvature. Moreover, substrate curvature contributed to cell polarization by enhancing the expression of apical and basolateral cell markers with height increase. Our results suggested that substrate curvature might contribute to cellular architecture and enhance the polarization of kidney tubule cells.
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16
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Park YS, Oh JM, Cho YK. Non-lithographic nanofluidic channels with precisely controlled circular cross sections. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19651-19658. [PMID: 35540964 PMCID: PMC9080766 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofluidic channels have received growing interest due to their potential for applications in the manipulation of nanometric objects, such as DNA, proteins, viruses, exosomes, and nanoparticles. Although significant advances in nanolithography-based fabrication techniques over the past few decades have allowed us to explore novel nanofluidic transport phenomena and unique applications, the development of new technologies enabling the low-cost preparation of nanochannels with controllable and reproducible shapes and dimensions is still lacking. Thus, we herein report the application of a nanofiber printed using a near-field electrospinning method as a sacrificial mold for the preparation of polydimethylsiloxane nanochannels with circular cross sections. Control of the size and shape of these nanochannels allowed the preparation of nanochannels with channel widths ranging from 70-368 nm and height-to-width ratios of 0.19-1.00. Capillary filling tests confirmed the excellent uniformity and reproducibility of the nanochannels. These results therefore are expected to inspire novel nanofluidic studies due to the simple and low-cost nature of this fabrication process, which allows precise control of the shape and dimensions of the circular cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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17
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Kang JE, Yu JM, Choi JH, Chung IM, Pyun WB, Kim SA, Lee EK, Han NY, Yoon JH, Oh JM, Rhie SJ. Development and clinical application of an evidence-based pharmaceutical care service algorithm in acute coronary syndrome. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:366-376. [PMID: 29468708 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Drug therapies are critical for preventing secondary complications in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a pharmaceutical care service (PCS) algorithm for ACS and confirm that it is applicable through a prospective clinical trial. METHODS The ACS-PCS algorithm was developed according to extant evidence-based treatment and pharmaceutical care guidelines. Quality assurance was conducted through two methods: literature comparison and expert panel evaluation. The literature comparison was used to compare the content of the algorithm with the referenced guidelines. Expert evaluations were conducted by nine experts for 75 questionnaire items. A trial was conducted to confirm its effectiveness. Seventy-nine patients were assigned to either the pharmacist-included multidisciplinary team care (MTC) group or the usual care (UC) group. The endpoints of the trial were the prescription rate of two important drugs, readmission, emergency room (ER) visit and mortality. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The main frame of the algorithm was structured with three tasks: medication reconciliation, medication optimization and transition of care. The contents and context of the algorithm were compliant with class I recommendations and the main service items from the evidence-based guidelines. Opinions from the expert panel were mostly positive. There were significant differences in beta-blocker prescription rates in the overall period (P = .013) and ER visits (four cases, 9.76%, P = .016) in the MTC group compared to the UC group, respectively. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION We developed a PCS algorithm for ACS based on the contents of evidence-based drug therapy and the core concept of pharmacist services.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J M Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-M Chung
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - W B Pyun
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S A Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - E K Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - N Y Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - J M Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Rhie
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Recent advances in microengineered cell migration platforms are discussed critically with a focus on how cell migration is influenced by engineered tumor microenvironments, the medical relevance being to understand how tumor microenvironments may promote or suppress the progression of cancer. We first introduce key findings in cancer cell migration under the influence of the physical environment, which is systematically controlled by microengineering technology, followed by multi-cues of physico-chemical factors, which represent the complexity of the tumor environment. Recognizing that cancer cells constantly communicate not only with each other but also with tumor-associated cells such as vascular, fibroblast, and immune cells, and also with non-cellular components, it follows that cell motility in tumor microenvironments, especially metastasis via the invasion of cancer cells into the extracellular matrix and other tissues, is closely related to the malignancy of cancer-related mortality. Medical relevance of forefront research realized in microfabricated devices, such as single cell sorting based on the analysis of cell migration behavior, may assist personalized theragnostics based on the cell migration phenotype. Furthermore, we urge development of theory and numerical understanding of single or collective cell migration in microengineered platforms to gain new insights in cancer metastasis and in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujin Um
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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19
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Oh JM, Woo HW, Kim MK, Lee YH, Shin DH, Shin MH, Choi BY. Dietary total, animal, vegetable calcium and type 2 diabetes incidence among Korean adults: The Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort (MRCohort). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:1152-1164. [PMID: 29167059 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although a possible mechanism for developing type 2 diabetes in relation to calcium intake has been suggested, there is currently little epidemiological evidence on the association between dietary calcium and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to evaluate the prospective association between dietary calcium and T2D incidence among adults 40 years of age or over, from the Multi-rural Communities Cohort (MRCohort), South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 8313 participants (3033 men and 5280 women) who did not have diabetes at baseline were recruited between 2005 and 2013. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was estimated using a modified Poisson regression model with a robust error estimator. During follow-up (31,570 person-years), 322 T2D cases were newly diagnosed. Dietary calcium (total and vegetable calcium) were inversely associated with the risk of T2D incidence among women (IRR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43-0.86, P for trend = 0.007 in third tertile of baseline total calcium intake comparing to the first tertile; IRR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39-0.84, P for trend = 0.006 for baseline vegetable calcium intake), not for men. The tendency of those inverse associations remained in both the normal fasting blood glucose group and the impaired fasting blood glucose group and were independent of obesity, smoking, and magnesium intake. CONCLUSIONS Total and vegetable calcium may be inversely associated with T2D incidence among women, regardless of impaired fasting blood glucose group or normal group. The associations may be potentially dose-responsive. Moderate dietary calcium may be related to lower risk of T2D incidence comparing to low intake group among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H W Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M K Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Y-H Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - D H Shin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - M-H Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - B Y Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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21
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Kim TH, Lim M, Park J, Oh JM, Kim H, Jeong H, Lee SJ, Park HC, Jung S, Kim BC, Lee K, Kim MH, Park DY, Kim GH, Cho YK. FAST: Size-Selective, Clog-Free Isolation of Rare Cancer Cells from Whole Blood at a Liquid-Liquid Interface. Anal Chem 2016; 89:1155-1162. [PMID: 27958721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have great potential to provide minimally invasive ways for the early detection of cancer metastasis and for the response monitoring of various cancer treatments. Despite the clinical importance and progress of CTC-based cancer diagnostics, most of the current methods of enriching CTCs are difficult to implement in general hospital settings due to complex and time-consuming protocols. Among existing technologies, size-based isolation methods provide antibody-independent, relatively simple, and high throughput protocols. However, the clogging issues and lower than desired recovery rates and purity are the key challenges. In this work, inspired by antifouling membranes with liquid-filled pores in nature, clog-free, highly sensitive (95.9 ± 3.1% recovery rate), selective (>2.5 log depletion of white blood cells), rapid (>3 mL/min), and label-free isolation of viable CTCs from whole blood without prior sample treatment is achieved using a stand-alone lab-on-a-disc system equipped with fluid-assisted separation technology (FAST). Numerical simulation and experiments show that this method provides uniform, clog-free, ultrafast cell enrichment with pressure drops much less than in conventional size-based filtration, at 1 kPa. We demonstrate the clinical utility of the point-of-care detection of CTCs with samples taken from 142 patients suffering from breast, stomach, or lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Park
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Byung Chul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Clinomics Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Clinomics Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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22
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Ryu CS, Oh SJ, Oh JM, Lee JY, Lee SY, Chae JW, Kwon KI, Kim SK. Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 by Propolis in Human Liver Microsomes. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:207-13. [PMID: 27437087 PMCID: PMC4946414 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although propolis is one of the most popular functional foods for human health, there have been no comprehensive studies of herb-drug interactions through cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of propolis on the activities of CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4 using pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). Propolis inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C19 with an IC50 value of 6.9, 16.8, and 43.1 μg/mL, respectively, whereas CYP2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 were unaffected. Based on half-maximal inhibitory concentration shifts between microsomes incubated with and without nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, propolis-induced CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP2E1 inhibition was metabolism-independent. To evaluate the interaction potential between propolis and therapeutic drugs, the effects of propolis on metabolism of duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, were determined in HLMs. CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 are involved in hydroxylation of duloxetine to 4-hydroxy duloxetine, the major metabolite, which was decreased following propolis addition in HLMs. These results raise the possibility of interactions between propolis and therapeutic drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seon Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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23
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Oh JM, Kang IS. Ion size effects on the osmotic pressure and electrocapillarity in a nanoslit: Symmetric and asymmetric ion sizes. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:063112. [PMID: 27415363 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.063112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the effect of asymmetric finite ion size in nanoconfinement in the view of osmotic pressure and electrocapillarity. When the confinement width becomes comparable with the Debye length, the overlapped electric double layer is significantly deformed by the steric effects. We derive the osmotic pressure from the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation in a nanoslit to examine the deviation from the ideal osmotic pressure and the repulsive force on the wall considering the asymmetry of ion sizes. Then the electrocapillarity due to the steric effect is investigated under constant potential condition with the flat interface assumption. Later, the deformation by the electrocapillarity is also considered in the first order approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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24
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Green DJ, Mummaneni P, Kim IW, Oh JM, Pacanowski M, Burckart GJ. Pharmacogenomic information in FDA-approved drug labels: Application to pediatric patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 99:622-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- DJ Green
- Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Staff, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - P Mummaneni
- Genomics and Targeted Therapy Group, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - IW Kim
- School of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - JM Oh
- School of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - M Pacanowski
- Genomics and Targeted Therapy Group, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - GJ Burckart
- Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Staff, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
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25
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Cho SE, Park EJ, Seo DH, Lee IB, Lee HJ, Cho DY, Oh JM. Neonatal Screening Tests for Inherited Metabolic Disorders using Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Experience of a Clinical Laboratory in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3343/lmo.2015.5.4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Cho
- LabGenomics Clinical Laboratories, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Dong Hee Seo
- LabGenomics Clinical Laboratories, Seongnam, Korea
- LabGenomics Clinical Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Bum Lee
- LabGenomics Clinical Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- LabGenomics Clinical Laboratories, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Cho
- LabGenomics Clinical Research Institute, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- LabGenomics Clinical Laboratories, Seongnam, Korea
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26
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Choi JM, Oh SJ, Lee SY, Im JH, Oh JM, Ryu CS, Kwak HC, Lee JY, Kang KW, Kim SK. HepG2 cells as an in vitro model for evaluation of cytochrome P450 induction by xenobiotics. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:691-704. [PMID: 25336106 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although various in vitro assays have been developed to evaluate the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-inducing potential of drug candidates, there is a continuing need for the development of a reliable model in drug discovery. The objective of the present study was to compare CYP induction by chemicals in HepG2 cells with Huh7, NKNT-3, and reverted NKNT-3 cells. HepG2 cells showed more similarity to human liver than the other cell lines in comparisons of the expression of cellular proteins. In evaluation of basal CYP activity, Huh7 cells exhibited the highest CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity, and HepG2 cells showed the highest CYP2B6 activity. The inducibility of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 by prototypical inducers was determined using enzyme assay, immunoblot analysis, and real-time PCR. Among the cells tested, HepG2 cells were highly responsive to CYP inducers, such as 3-methylcholanthrene for CYP1A2 and phenobarbital for CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. Moreover, HepG2 cells were responsive to various CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 inducers as determined using fluorogenic and LC-MS/MS substrates. Thus, HepG2 cells may be comparable to human hepatocytes for the evaluation of CYP induction or slightly less sensitive. These results suggest HepG2 cells as a cell-based model in screening for CYP inducers in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
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27
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Hong J, Kim YK, Kang KH, Oh JM, Kang IS. Effects of drop size and viscosity on spreading dynamics in DC electrowetting. Langmuir 2013; 29:9118-25. [PMID: 23799243 DOI: 10.1021/la401801u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of drop size and viscosity on spreading dynamics, including response time, maximum velocity, and spreading pattern transition, in response to various DC voltages, based on both experiment and theoretical modeling. It is experimentally found that both switching time (i.e., time to reach maximum wetted radius) and settling time (i.e., time to reach equilibrium radius) are proportional to 1.5th power of the effective base radius. It is also found that the maximum velocity is slightly dependent on drop size but linearly proportional to the electrowetting number. The viscosity effect on drop spreading is investigated by observing spreading patterns with respect to applied voltages, and the critical viscosity at which a spreading pattern changes from under- to overdamped response is obtained. Theoretical models with contact angle hysteresis predict the spreading dynamics of drops with low and high viscosities fairly well. By fitting the theoretical models to experimental results, we obtain the friction coefficient, which is nearly proportional to 0.6th power of viscosity and is rarely influenced by applied voltage and drop size. Finally, we find that drop viscosity has a weak effect on maximum velocity but not a clear one on contact line friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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28
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Jung YS, Yun KU, Ryu CS, Oh JM, Kwak HC, Lee JY, Park SK, Kim BH, Oh SJ, Kim SK. Alterations in hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acids in non-obese type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Liquid drops hitting solid surfaces deform substantially under the influence of the ambient air that needs to be squeezed out before the liquid actually touches the solid. Nanometer- and microsecond-resolved dual wavelength interferometry reveals a complex evolution of the interface between the drop and the gas layer underneath. For intermediate impact speeds (We∼1…10) the layer thickness can develop one or two local minima-reproduced in numerical calculations-that eventually lead to the nucleation of solid-liquid contact at a We-dependent radial position, from a film thickness >200 nm. Solid-liquid contact spreads at a speed involving capillarity, liquid viscosity and inertia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolet de Ruiter
- Physics of Complex Fluids, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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30
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Oh JM, Jung YS, Jeon BS, Yoon BI, Lee KS, Kim BH, Oh SJ, Kim SK. Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1215-21. [PMID: 22326806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) is commonly used to induce oxidative stress, little is known about the time- or dose-dependence of its oxidative effects. In this study, we examined hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in male rats at various times (0-24 h) after t-BHP (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1 or 3 mmol/kg, ip) treatment. Serum hepatotoxicity parameters were increased from 2 h following 1 mmol/kg t-BHP and reached their maximum values at 8 h. Plasma malondialdehyde levels were maximally elevated by 62% at 0.5 h and returned to control levels by 4 h. Hepatic glutathione levels were decreased between 0.5 and 2 h, and hepatic glutathione disulfide levels were increased at 2h. Interestingly, hepatic glutathione levels were increased at 24 h, which may be attributed to up-regulation of glutathione synthesis through induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase expression. The elevation of hepatotoxic parameters and plasma MDA was observed from 0.5 to 1 mmol/kg t-BHP, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Considering that the maximal dose resulted in 20% lethality, 1 mmol/kg of t-BHP may be suitable for evaluating antioxidant activity of tested compounds. Our results provide essential information to characterize the t-BHP-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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31
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Oh SJ, Choi JM, Yun KU, Oh JM, Kwak HC, Oh JG, Lee KS, Kim BH, Heo TH, Kim SK. Hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 195:173-9. [PMID: 22244987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) changes markedly in diabetes, the role of ketone bodies in the regulation of CYP in diabetes is controversial. The present study was performed to determine the expression and activity of CYP in non-obese type II diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with normal levels of ketone bodies. In the present study, basal serum glucose levels increased 1.95-fold in GK rats, but acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate levels were not significantly different. Hepatic expression of CYP reductase and CYP3A2 was up-regulated in the GK rats, and consequently, activities of CYP reductase and midazolam 4-hydroxylase, mainly catalyzed by CYP3A2, increased. In contrast, hepatic expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 was down-regulated and the activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and 7-methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase, mainly catalyzed by CYP1A, also decreased in GK rats. Hepatic levels of microsomal protein and total CYP and hepatic expression of cytochrome b(5), CYP1B1, CYP2B1 and CYP2C11 were not significantly different between the GK rats and normal Wistar rats. Moreover, the expression and activity of CYP2E1, reported to be up-regulated in diabetes with hyperketonemia, were not significantly different between GK rats and control rats, suggesting that elevation of ketone bodies plays a critical role in the up-regulation of hepatic CYP2E1 in diabetic rats. Our results showed that the expression of hepatic CYP is regulated in an isoform-specific manner. The present results also show that the GK rat is a useful animal model for the pathophysiological study of non-obese type II diabetes with normal ketone body levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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32
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Abstract
We demonstrate an electrowetting based optical switch with tunable aperture. Under the influence of an electric field a non-transparent oil film can be replaced locally by a transparent water drop creating an aperture through which light can pass. Its diameter can be tuned between 0.2 and 1.2 mm by varying the driving voltage or frequency. The on and off response time of the switch is in the order of 2 and 120 ms respectively. Finally we demonstrate an array of switchable apertures that can be tuned independently or simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- C U Murade
- Physics of Complex Fluids, Department of Science and Technology, IMPACT and MESA + Institute, University ofTwente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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33
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Abstract
In this work, the equilibrium morphology of a drop on a sphere is analyzed as a function of the contact angle and drop volume experimentally and with analytical effective interfacial energy calculations. Experimentally, a drop on a sphere geometry is realized in an oil bath by placing a water drop on a sphere coated with a dielectric, of which the radii of curvature are comparable with that of the drop. Electrowetting (EW) is used to change the contact angle of the water drop on the sphere. To validate the applicability of EW and the Lippman-Young equation on nonflat surfaces, we systematically investigate the response of the contact angle to the applied voltage (EW response) for various drop volumes and compared the results with the case of a planar surface. The effective interfacial energy of two competing morphologies, namely, the spherically symmetric "completely engulfing" and "partially engulfing" morphologies are calculated analytically. The analytical calculations are then compared to the experimental results to confirm which morphology is energetically more favored for a given contact angle and drop volume. Our findings indicate that the "partially engulfing" morphology is always the energetically more favorable morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Eral
- Physics of Complex Fluids, IMPACT and MESA+ Institute, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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34
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Manukyan G, Oh JM, van den Ende D, Lammertink RGH, Mugele F. Electrical switching of wetting states on superhydrophobic surfaces: a route towards reversible Cassie-to-Wenzel transitions. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:014501. [PMID: 21231746 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the equilibrium shape of the composite interface between superhydrophobic surfaces and drops in the superhydrophobic Cassie state under electrowetting is determined by the balance of the Maxwell stress and the Laplace pressure. Energy barriers due to pinning of contact lines at the edges of the hydrophobic pillars control the transition from the Cassie to the Wenzel state. Barriers due to the narrow gap between adjacent pillars control the lateral propagation of the Wenzel state. We demonstrate how reversible switching between the two wetting states can be achieved locally using suitable surface and electrode geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manukyan
- Physics of Complex Fluids, Fluidics and Interfaces, IMPACT and MESA+ Institute, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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35
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Eral HB, Oh JM, van den Ende D, Mugele F, Duits MHG. Anisotropic and hindered diffusion of colloidal particles in a closed cylinder. Langmuir 2010; 26:16722-16729. [PMID: 20936834 DOI: 10.1021/la102273n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Video microscopy and particle tracking were used to measure the spatial dependence of the diffusion coefficient (D(α)) of colloidal particles in a closed cylindrical cavity. Both the height and radius of the cylinder were equal to 9.0 particle diameters. The number of trapped particles was varied between 1 and 16, which produced similar results. In the center of the cavity, D(α) turned out to be 0.75D(0) measured in bulk liquid. On approaching the cylindrical wall, a transition region of about 3 particle diameters wide was found in which the radial and azimuthal components of D(α) decrease to respective values of 0.1D(0) and 0.4D(0), indicating asymmetrical diffusion. Hydrodynamic simulations of local drag coefficients for hard spheres produced very good agreement with experimental results. These findings indicate that the hydrodynamic particle-wall interactions are dominant and that the complete 3D geometry of the confinement needs to be taken into account to predict the spatial dependence of diffusion accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Eral
- Physics of Complex Fluids group, IMPACT institute University of Twente PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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36
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Choi YJ, Kim SY, Oh JM, Juhnn YS. Stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein augments gamma ray-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bak expression via CREB and AP-1 in H1299 human lung cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2009; 41:592-600. [PMID: 19381065 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2009.41.8.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulatory heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (Gs protein) stimulate cAMP generation in response to various signals, and modulate various cellular phenomena such as proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Gs proteins on gamma ray-induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells and its molecular mechanism, as an attempt to develop a new strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gamma radiation. Expression of constitutively active mutant of the alpha subunit of Gs (GalphasQL) augmented gamma ray-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial dependent pathway when assessed by clonogenic assay, FACS analysis of PI stained cells, and western blot analysis of the cytoplasmic translocation of cytochrome C and the cleavage of caspase-3 and ploy(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in H1299 human lung cancer cells. GalphasQL up-regulated the Bak expression at the levels of protein and mRNA. Treatment with inhibitors of PKA (H89), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), and a CRE-decoy blocked GalphasQL-stimulated Bak reporter luciferase activity. Expression of GalphasQL increased basal and gamma ray-induced luciferase activity of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and AP-1, and the binding of CREB and AP-1 to Bak promoter. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2, a Galphas activating signal, was found to augment gamma ray-induced apoptosis, which was abolished by treatment with a prostanoid receptor antagonist. These results indicate that Galphas augments gamma ray-induced apoptosis by up-regulation of Bak expression via CREB and AP-1 in H1299 lung cancer cells, suggesting that the efficacy of radiotherapy of lung cancer may be improved by modulating Gs signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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37
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Moon SH, Park J, Oh JM, Kim NJ, Lee D, Chang SW, Nielsen D, Chuang SL. Strong tunable slow and fast lights using a gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier. Opt Express 2009; 17:21222-21227. [PMID: 19997361 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.021222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previously demonstrated slow light is still far from applications, particularly due to the limited bandwidth and control speed. Although semiconductor-based slow light has the high bandwidth and sub-nanosecond control speed, slow light was observed only in the absorption regime with attenuation, while fast light observed in the gain regime with amplification. The large power difference in two regimes makes the use of the optical delay impractical. We report novel slow light in the gain regime, with a high power comparable to that of fast light, utilizing the anomalous gain characteristic in a gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier. The slow light is tunable to fast light with the current as the only variable. Additional high speed operation, fast delay control, and wide range of operation wavelength make the present approach practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Moon
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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38
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Oh JM, Brodsky M, Nelson LE, Cadena G, Feuer MD. Interferometric optical signal-to-noise ratio measurements of telecom signals with degraded extinction ratio. Opt Lett 2008; 33:2065-2067. [PMID: 18794932 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We measure full interferograms of telecom signals impaired by noise and investigate their applicability to in-band optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring in practical systems. We experimentally establish that the dependence of overall shape of the interferogram on a signal's extinction ratio (ER) is strong but not unique. As the ER is being degraded the interferogram evolves in two distinct ways depending on the modulation conditions. The resulting ambiguity in the interferogram shape prevents OSNR measurements on completely unknown signals and necessitates a calibration for each modulator condition. With appropriate calibration, we experimentally demonstrate reliable OSNR measurements in the 5 to 25 dB range for 42.8 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero, return-to-zero, and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero on-off-keyed signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Oh
- AT&T Labs-Research, 200 South Laurel Avenue, Middletown, NJ 07748, USA
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39
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Abstract
A sessile drop oscillates when an ac voltage is applied in electrowetting. The oscillation results from the time-varying electrical force concentrated on the three-phase contact line. Little is known about the feature of drop oscillation in electrowetting. In the present work, the drop oscillations are observed systematically, and a theoretical model is developed to analyze the oscillation. It is revealed that resonance occurs at certain frequencies and the oscillation pattern is significantly dependent on the applied ac frequencies. The domain perturbation method is used to derive the shape-mode equations under the assumptions of a weak viscous effect and small drop deformation. The electrical force concentrated on the three-phase contact line is approximated as a delta function, which is decomposed and substituted into each shape-mode equation as a forcing term. The theoretical results for the shape and frequency responses are compared with experimental results, which shows qualitative agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
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40
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Kim SY, Seo M, Oh JM, Cho EA, Juhnn YS. Inhibition of gamma ray-induced apoptosis by stimulatory heterotrimeric GTP binding protein involves Bcl-xL down-regulation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Exp Mol Med 2008; 39:583-93. [PMID: 18059134 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2007.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) transduce extracellular signals into intracellular signals by activating effector molecules including adenylate cyclases that catalyze cAMP formation, and thus regulate various cellular responses such as metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis. cAMP signaling pathways have been reported to protect cells from ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis, but however, the protective mechanism is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the signaling molecules and the mechanism mediating the anti-apoptotic action of cAMP signaling system in radiation-induced apoptosis. Stable expression of a constitutively active mutant of Gas (GalphasQL) protected gamma ray-induced apoptosis which was assessed by analysis of the cleavages of PARP, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and cytochrome C release in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. GasQL repressed the gamma ray-induced down-regulation of Bcl-xL protein, but transfection of Bcl-xL siRNA increased the gamma ray-induced apoptosis and abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of GasQL. GasQL decreased the degradation rate of Bcl-xL protein, and it also restrained the decrease in Bcl-xL mRNA by increasing the stability following ionizing irradiation. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2 that activates Gas was found to protect gamma ray-induced apoptosis, and the protective effect was abolished by treatment with prostanoid receptor antagonist specific to EP2/4R subtype. Moreover, specific agonists for adenosine A1 receptor that inhibits cAMP signaling pathway augmented gamma ray-induced apoptosis. From this study, it is concluded that Galphas-cAMP signaling system can protect SH-SY5Y cells from gamma ray-induced apoptosis partly by restraining down-regulation of Bcl-xL expression, suggesting that radiation-induced apoptosis can be modulated by GPCR ligands to improve the efficiency of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Kim JK, Sung NY, Srinivasan P, Choi JI, Kim SK, Oh JM, Kim JH, Song BS, Park HJ, Byun MW, Lee JW. Effect of gamma irradiated hyaluronic acid on acetaminophen induced acute hepatotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 172:141-53. [PMID: 18237725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective efficacy of irradiated hyaluronic acid (HA) on acetaminophen (APAP) induced acute hepatotoxicity was investigated. BALB/c mice (4-6 weeks of age) were pretreated with unirradiated HA (UIHA), 5 and 50 kGy gamma irradiated HA (GIHA) for 14 days and were dosed APAP (500 mg/kg b.wt). After 9h of APAP dosing animals were euthanized. The degree of acute hepatotoxicity was measured by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and alpha-and mu-class of gluthathione-S-transferase (GSTs), CYP 2E1 class of cytochrome monooxygenase and glutathione (GSH) in liver were quantified. Histological evaluation was done by Hematoxiylin and Eiosin staining, Periodic acid schiffs staining, Manson trichrome staining and histological scorings were done. The degree of acute hepatotoxicity was markedly lower in UIHA and 5 kGy than in 50 kGy GIHA pretreated group and there was negligible difference between 5 and 50 kGy GIHA pretreated group. The expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was significantly (P<0.05) suppressed in 5 and 50 kGy GIHA pretreated group. Histological scorings showed a significant protection of liver in UIHA and 5 kGy GIHA pretreated mice. Expression of alpha class GSTs was significantly increased in 5 and 50 kGy GIHA pretreated group. To conclude suppression of IFN-gamma and increase in alpha-class GSTs expression may exert a protective role in acute hepatotoxicity of APAP and 5 kGy GIHA showed comparable protective effect to that of UIHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Kim
- Radiation Food Science & Biotechnology Team, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, KAERI, 1266 Sinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Matsudaira A, Lee D, Kondratko P, Nielsen D, Chuang SL, Kim NJ, Oh JM, Pyun SH, Jeong WG, Jang JW. Electrically tunable slow and fast lights in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier near 1.55 microm. Opt Lett 2007; 32:2894-6. [PMID: 17909609 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated both slow light in the absorption regime and fast light in the gain regime of a 1.55 microm quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier at room temperature. The theory with coherent population oscillations and four-wave mixing effects agrees well with the experimental results. We have observed a larger phase delay at the excited state than that at the ground state transition, likely due to the higher gain and smaller saturation power of the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matsudaira
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, IL 61801, USA
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Hong EH, Kim MY, Park JE, Lee MH, Oh JM, Shin WG. Efficacy and safety of abciximab in combination with cilostazol in patients undergoing stenting. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 45:355-65. [PMID: 17595893 DOI: 10.5414/cpp45355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of abciximab and cilostazol in patients with acute MI and unstable angina undergoing intracoronary stenting. METHODS Acute-phase (7 and 30 days), 6-month and long-term composite outcomes involving death, myocardial infarction or urgent target vessel revascularization (TVR) together with other outcomes (composite outcomes involving death, MI and elective TVR with restenosis and stroke) were evaluated retrospectively in a total of 175 patients. Safety outcomes were assessed using data on the incidence of bleeding and thrombocytopenia at Day 7 and Day 30. RESULTS Of 175 patients, 83 (47.4%) patients received abciximab. At 7 and 30 days, the composite outcome for the group treated with cilostazol alone and that treated with abciximab in combination with cilostazol did not differ significantly. The composite outcomes at 6 months and 1 year were significantly lower in the abciximab plus cilostazol group (relative risk 0.35, 95% Cl 0.13 - 0.90, relative risk 0.28, 95% CI 0.10 -0.78, respectively). The incidence of major bleeding at the access-site and in the gastrointestinal tract and minor bleeding were significantly higher in the group receiving abciximab plus cilostazol group at 7 days (relative risk 3.33, 95% CI 1.66 - 6.65, relative risk 9.98, 95% CI 1.29 - 77.07, relative risk 1.96, 95% CI 1.06 - 3.62, respectively) and at 30 days (relative risk 3.33, 95% CI 1.66 - 6.65, relative risk 5.54, 95% CI 1.25 - 24.56, relative risk 1.96, 95% CI 1.06 - 3.62, respectively). CONCLUSION The combination of abciximab and cilostazol showed an improvement in major cardiac incidents at 6 months and 1 year of the treatment when compared to the group receiving cilostazol alone. However, abciximab did not improve the incidence of death but increased the risk of bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sejong Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Oh JM, Kang KH. Conditions for similitude and the effect of finite Debye length in electroosmotic flows. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 310:607-16. [PMID: 17368472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Under certain conditions, the velocity field is similar to the electric field for electroosmotic flow (EOF) inside a channel. There was a disagreement between investigators on the necessity of the infinitesimal-Reynolds-number condition for the similarity when the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski relation is applied throughout the boundaries. What is puzzling is a recent numerical result that showed, contrary to the conventional belief, an evident Reynolds number dependence of the EOF. We show here that the notion that the infinitesimal-Reynolds-number condition is required originates from the misunderstanding that the EOF is the Stokes flow. We point out that the EOF becomes the potential flow when the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski relation is applied at the boundaries. We carry out a numerical simulation to investigate the effect of finiteness of the Debye length and the vorticity layer inherently existing at the channel wall. We show that the Reynolds number dependence of the previous numerical simulation resulted from the finiteness of the Debye length and subsequent convective transport of vorticity toward the bulk flow. We discuss in detail how the convection of vorticity occurs and what factors are involved in the transport process, after carrying out the simulation for different Reynolds numbers, Debye lengths, corner radii, and geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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Song EK, Yeom JH, Shin HT, Kim SH, Shin WG, Oh JM. Effectiveness of raloxifene on bone mineral density and serum lipid levels in post-menopausal women with low BMD after discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy. J Clin Pharm Ther 2006; 31:421-7. [PMID: 16958819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of raloxifene on bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid levels in post-menopausal women who had discontinued hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS Thirty-four post-menopausal women with low BMD who had taken 60 mg of raloxifene daily for 12 months after discontinuing HRT were evaluated retrospectively. Information about their demographics, fracture history, BMD, lipid profiles and adverse events were collected from medical records and intranet database. The outcome measures were changes in the spine (L2-L4) and femur BMD, serum lipid concentrations, fracture rate and tolerability. RESULTS The post-menopausal women had a significant increase in their spine (L2-L4) and femur BMD from their baseline BMD [spine, 2.9 +/- 4.6% (P < 0.001); femur, 3.0 +/- 6.6% (P = 0.01)]. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly reduced by 22.6% below baseline after 12 months (P = 0.007). No fractures were observed during therapy. Raloxifene was well tolerated. The most common adverse event was hot flash, which was generally mild. CONCLUSIONS Raloxifene increases BMD at important skeletal sites, and lowers LDL cholesterol with tolerable adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Sejong General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Hwang SJ, Oh JM, Valtschanoff JG. The majority of bladder sensory afferents to the rat lumbosacral spinal cord are both IB4- and CGRP-positive. Brain Res 2005; 1062:86-91. [PMID: 16263099 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The rat urinary bladder is innervated by neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that express the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), and a fraction of bladder afferents can bind the non-peptidergic marker isolectin B4 (IB4). We used histochemical binding and axonal tracing to identify the bladder afferents, and immunocytochemistry to determine the degree of colocalization of CGRP with IB4 in their cell bodies in DRG and in their central axons in the spinal cord. In the L6 DRG, about 60% of CGRP-positive neurons were also positive for IB4. In the spinal cord, IB4 and CGRP colocalized in fibers and terminals in the inner part of lamina II, the lateral collateral path, and the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN). In SPN, the majority of IB4-positive fibers and terminals were also CGRP-positive. After injection of IB4 into the bladder wall, immunoreaction for IB4 was detected in SPN, but not in lamina II. These results suggest that most IB4-positive afferents from the bladder are also CGRP-positive, and that the distinction between peptidergic and non-peptidergic bladder afferents based on IB4 binding is of limited validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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Hwang SJ, Oh JM, Valtschanoff JG. Expression of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons supports different roles of the receptor in visceral and cutaneous afferents. Brain Res 2005; 1047:261-6. [PMID: 15896726 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A combination of tracing and multiple color immunofluorescence revealed that 69% of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the urinary bladder expressed the vanilloid receptor TRPV1. In contrast, only 32% of DRG neurons innervating the skin of the L6 dermatome expressed TRPV1. However, a similar fraction of visceral (60-62%) and of cutaneous (59-60%) TRPV1-positive DRG neurons expressed the peptidergic markers substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, while the fraction of TRPV1-positive neurons that was labeled by the non-peptidergic marker Isolectin B4 was 58% for cutaneous and only 24% for visceral afferents. These results underscore differences of expression of functional markers in visceral and cutaneous afferents and support different mechanisms of activation of TRPV1 in viscera and in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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Abstract
Little is known about the central projection patterns of trigeminal afferent neurons expressing the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 and their coexpression of neuromodulatory peptides. To address these issues, we examined the distribution of TRPV1-positive neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and trigeminal sensory nuclei principalis (Vp), oralis (Vo), interpolaris (Vi), and caudalis (Vc) in the rat via light and electron microscopy. In addition, we studied the colocalization of TRPV1-positive neurons with substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) via confocal microscopy. In TG, only small and medium-sized neurons were immunopositive for TRPV1. The staining for TRPV1 was found in axon collaterals in the dorsal parts of Vp, Vo, and Vi and in terminals and fibers throughout lamina I and the outer zone of lamina II (IIo) of Vc. With electron microscopy, TRPV1-positive fibers in the ascending and descending trigeminal tracts were found to be unmyelinated. Almost all TRPV1-positive terminals in Vc contained numerous large dense-core vesicles and formed synaptic contacts with single small dendrites. Multiple immunofluorescence revealed a high degree of colocalization of TRPV1 with SP and CGRP in TG neurons as well as in fibers and terminals confined to laminae I and IIo of Vc. These results suggest that the central projections of unmyelinated (C) afferents sensitive to noxious heat and capsaicin are organized differently between Vc and the rostral trigeminal nuclei and that Vc may play a role in the development of hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412, Korea.
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Park JH, Jo YM, Oh JM. Classification of lake sediments using a hydrocyclone. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:277-281. [PMID: 12578206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work is a preliminary experiment for hydrocyclones as a primary process in lake sediment thickening. A few cyclones based on the Rietema standard geometry were prepared, and sample particles were sediments from a local lake and waste coal fly ash for a reference test. As a result of the chemical analysis, more organic contaminants were found in smaller particles. The experimental tests showed that physical characteristics of particles, configuration of the cyclone and operation conditions could affect the separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- School of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Studies, Kyunghee University, Kyunggi-do 449-701, Korea
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Oh JM, Choi HB, Lee D, Ahn SJ. Incorporation of a fiber Bragg grating to improve the efficiency of a 1580-nm-band tunable fiber ring laser. Opt Lett 2002; 27:589-591. [PMID: 18007871 DOI: 10.1364/ol.27.000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and tunable 1580-nm-band erbium-doped fiber ring laser is achieved by injection of amplified spontaneous emission in a conventional band by a fiber Bragg grating into the gain medium. The insertion of the fiber Bragg grating reduces the lasing threshold to 25%. The tuning range is 1560-1610 nm; the side-mode suppression ratio is better than 65 dB.
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