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Koo K, Chang JH, Ji S, Choi H, Cho SH, Yoo SJ, Choe J, Lee HS, Bae SW, Oh JM, Woo HS, Shin S, Lee K, Kim TH, Jung YS, Kwon JH, Lee JH, Huh Y, Kang S, Kim HY, Yuk JM. Abnormal Silicon Etching Behaviors in Nanometer-Sized Channels. Nano Lett 2024. [PMID: 38557080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Modern semiconductor fabrication is challenged by difficulties in overcoming physical and chemical constraints. A major challenge is the wet etching of dummy gate silicon, which involves the removal of materials inside confined spaces of a few nanometers. These chemical processes are significantly different in the nanoscale and bulk. Previously, electrical double-layer formation, bubble entrapment, poor wettability, and insoluble intermediate precipitation have been proposed. However, the exact suppression mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of direct observation methods. Herein, we investigate limiting factors for the etching kinetics of silicon with tetramethylammonium hydroxide at the nanoscale by using liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, three-dimensional electron tomography, and first-principles calculations. We reveal suppressed chemical reactions, unstripping phenomena, and stochastic etching behaviors that have never been observed on a macroscopic scale. We expect that solutions can be suggested from this comprehensive insight into the scale-dependent limiting factors of fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee H Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jo Yoo
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacob Choe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo San Lee
- Process Development, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Bae
- Material Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Oh
- Material Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Suk Woo
- Material Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Shin
- Advanced Process Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuntack Lee
- Process Development, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hong Kim
- DRAM Process Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Huh
- Analysis & Assessment Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kang
- Analysis & Assessment Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun You Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Han J, Lee SJ, Yun HS, Kim KB, Bae SW. PyRINEX: a new multi-purpose Python package for GNSS RINEX data. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e1800. [PMID: 38259899 PMCID: PMC10803049 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Since the first receiver independent exchange format (RINEX) version was released in 1989, it has gone through several versions, making the existing software, such as TEQC, incompatible with certain later versions. This study proposes a new Python package named PyRINEX, which is developed to batch process the most generally used versions of RINEX files, namely 2.0 and 3.0. The proposed package can be used to manage and edit numerous RINEX files as well as perform a data quality check function. PyRINEX can be easily imported into any Python IDE similar to any other open-source Python package, it also makes secondary development easy for users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Han
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environment Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environment Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hong Sik Yun
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environment Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kwang Bae Kim
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environment Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Won Bae
- Korea Ministry of the Interior and Safety, Sejong, Korea
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Bae SW, Suffoletto B, Zhang T, Chung T, Ozolcer M, Islam MR, Dey A. Leveraging Mobile Phone Sensors, Machine Learning and Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Predict Imminent Same-Day Binge Drinking Events to Support Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions: A Feasibility Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e39862. [PMID: 36809294 DOI: 10.2196/39862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) can reduce binge drinking events (BDEs: consuming 4+/5+ drinks per occasion for women/men) in young adults, but need to be optimized for timing and content. Delivering just-in-time support messages in the hours prior to BDEs could improve intervention impact. OBJECTIVE We determined the feasibility of developing a machine learning model to accurately predict future, that is, same-day, 1 to 6-hours prior BDEs using smartphone sensor data. We aimed to identify the most informative phone sensor features associated with BDEs on weekend and weekdays, respectively, to determine the key features that explain prediction model performance. METHODS We collected phone sensor data from 75 young adults (ages 21-25; mean =22.4, SD=1.9) with risky drinking behavior who reported drinking behavior over 14 weeks. Participants in this secondary analysis were enrolled in a clinical trial. We developed machine learning models testing different algorithms (e.g., XGBoost, decision tree) to predict same-day BDEs (versus low-risk drinking events and non-drinking periods) using smartphone sensor data (e.g., accelerometer, GPS). We tested various "prediction distance" time windows (more proximal: 1-hour; to distant: 6-hour) from drinking onset. We also tested various analysis time windows (i.e., amount of data to be analyzed), ranging from 1 to 12 hours prior to drinking onset, because this determines the amount of data that needs to be stored on the phone to compute the model. Explainable AI (XAI) was used to explore interactions between the most informative phone sensor features contributing to BDEs. RESULTS The XGBoost model performed best in predicting imminent same-day BDE, with 95.0% accuracy on weekends and 94.3% accuracy on weekdays (F1 score = 0.95 and 0.94, respectively). This XGBoost model needed 12- and 9-hours of phone sensor data at 3- and 6- hours prediction distance from the onset of drinking, on weekends and weekdays, respectively, prior to predicting same-day BDEs. The most informative phone sensor features for BDE prediction were time (e.g., time of day) and GPS-derived, such as radius of gyration (an indicator of travel). Interactions among key features (e.g., time of day, GPS-derived features) contributed to prediction of same-day BDE. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the feasibility and potential use of smartphone sensor data and machine learning to accurately predict imminent (same-day) BDEs in young adults. The prediction model provides "windows of opportunity" and with the adoption of XAI, we identified "key contributing features" to trigger JITAI prior to the onset of BDEs, with the potential to reduce the likelihood of BDEs in young adults. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Bae
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Human-Computer Interaction and Human-Centered AI Systems Lab. AI for Healthcare Lab, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, US
| | - Brian Suffoletto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, US
| | - Tongze Zhang
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Human-Computer Interaction and Human-Centered AI Systems Lab. AI for Healthcare Lab, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, US
| | - Tammy Chung
- Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Newark, US
| | - Melik Ozolcer
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Human-Computer Interaction and Human-Centered AI Systems Lab. AI for Healthcare Lab, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, US
| | - Mohammad Rahul Islam
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Human-Computer Interaction and Human-Centered AI Systems Lab. AI for Healthcare Lab, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, US
| | - Anind Dey
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, US
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Lauvsnes ADF, Hansen TI, Ankill SØ, Bae SW, Gråwe RW, Braund TA, Larsen M, Langaas M. Mobile assessments of mood, executive functioning, and sensor-based smartphone activity, explain variability in substance use craving and relapse in patients with clinical substance use disorders – a pilot study. (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022. [DOI: 10.2196/45254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
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Yan R, Ringwald WR, Hernandez JV, Kehl M, Bae SW, Dey AK, Low C, Wright AGC, Doryab A. Exploratory Machine Learning Modeling of Adaptive and Maladaptive Personality Traits from Passively Sensed Behavior. Future Gener Comput Syst 2022; 132:266-281. [PMID: 35342213 PMCID: PMC8951872 DOI: 10.1016/j.future.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Continuous passive sensing of daily behavior from mobile devices has the potential to identify behavioral patterns associated with different aspects of human characteristics. This paper presents novel analytic approaches to extract and understand these behavioral patterns and their impact on predicting adaptive and maladaptive personality traits. Our machine learning analysis extends previous research by showing that both adaptive and maladaptive traits are associated with passively sensed behavior providing initial evidence for the utility of this type of data to study personality and its pathology. The analysis also suggests directions for future confirmatory studies into the underlying behavior patterns that link adaptive and maladaptive variants consistent with contemporary models of personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Yan
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, United States
| | | | - Julio Vega Hernandez
- Mobile Sensing + Health Institute, Center for Behavioral Health, Media, and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Madeline Kehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Sang Won Bae
- School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Anind K Dey
- Information School, University of Washington, United States
| | - Carissa Low
- Mobile Sensing + Health Institute, Center for Behavioral Health, Media, and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Afsaneh Doryab
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, United States
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Bae SW, Chung T, Islam R, Suffoletto B, Du J, Jang S, Nishiyama Y, Mulukutla R, Dey A. Mobile phone sensor-based detection of subjective cannabis intoxication in young adults: A feasibility study in real-world settings. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:108972. [PMID: 34530315 PMCID: PMC8595824 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given possible impairment in psychomotor functioning related to acute cannabis intoxication, we explored whether smartphone-based sensors (e.g., accelerometer) can detect self-reported episodes of acute cannabis intoxication (subjective "high" state) in the natural environment. METHODS Young adults (ages 18-25) in Pittsburgh, PA, who reported cannabis use at least twice per week, completed up to 30 days of daily data collection: phone surveys (3 times/day), self-initiated reports of cannabis use (start/stop time, subjective cannabis intoxication rating: 0-10, 10 = very high), and continuous phone sensor data. We tested multiple models with Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) in distinguishing "not intoxicated" (rating = 0) vs subjective cannabis "low-intoxication" (rating = 1-3) vs "moderate-intensive intoxication" (rating = 4-10). We tested the importance of time features (i.e., day of the week, time of day) relative to smartphone sensor data only on model performance, since time features alone might predict "routines" in cannabis intoxication. RESULTS Young adults (N = 57; 58 % female) reported 451 cannabis use episodes, mean subjective intoxication rating = 3.77 (SD = 2.64). LGBM, the best performing classifier, had 60 % accuracy using time features to detect subjective "high" (Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.82). Combining smartphone sensor data with time features improved model performance: 90 % accuracy (AUC = 0.98). Important smartphone features to detect subjective cannabis intoxication included travel (GPS) and movement (accelerometer). CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study indicates the feasibility of using phone sensors to detect subjective cannabis intoxication in the natural environment, with potential implications for triggering just-in-time interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Bae
- School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Tammy Chung
- Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, USA.
| | - Rahul Islam
- School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Jiameng Du
- Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
| | - Serim Jang
- Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
| | | | - Raghu Mulukutla
- Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
| | - Anind Dey
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Yang IS, Bae SW, Park B, Kim S. Development of a program for in silico optimized selection of oligonucleotide-based molecular barcodes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246354. [PMID: 33600481 PMCID: PMC7891705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Short DNA oligonucleotides (~4 mer) have been used to index samples from different sources, such as in multiplex sequencing. Presently, longer oligonucleotides (8–12 mer) are being used as molecular barcodes with which to distinguish among raw DNA molecules in many high-tech sequence analyses, including low-frequent mutation detection, quantitative transcriptome analysis, and single-cell sequencing. Despite some advantages of using molecular barcodes with random sequences, such an approach, however, makes it impossible to know the exact sequences used in an experiment and can lead to inaccurate interpretation due to misclustering of barcodes arising from the occurrence of unexpected mutations in the barcodes. The present study introduces a tool developed for selecting an optimal barcode subset during molecular barcoding. The program considers five barcode factors: GC content, homopolymers, simple sequence repeats with repeated units of dinucleotides, Hamming distance, and complementarity between barcodes. To evaluate a selected barcode set, penalty scores for the factors are defined based on their distributions observed in random barcodes. The algorithm employed in the program comprises two steps: i) random generation of an initial set and ii) optimal barcode selection via iterative replacement. Users can execute the program by inputting barcode length and the number of barcodes to be generated. Furthermore, the program accepts a user’s own values for other parameters, including penalty scores, for advanced use, allowing it to be applied in various conditions. In many test runs to obtain 100000 barcodes with lengths of 12 nucleotides, the program showed fast performance, efficient enough to generate optimal barcode sequences with merely the use of a desktop PC. We also showed that VFOS has comparable performance, flexibility in program running, consideration of simple sequence repeats, and fast computation time in comparison with other two tools (DNABarcodes and FreeBarcodes). Owing to the versatility and fast performance of the program, we expect that many researchers will opt to apply it for selecting optimal barcode sets during their experiments, including next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Seok Yang
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Bae
- Department of Computer Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - BeumJin Park
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee BN, Bae SW, Oh SY, Yoon JH, Roh J, Won JU. Effects of military life on changes in body mass index of enlisted men: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Mil Health 2020; 168:218-223. [PMID: 32409616 PMCID: PMC9132859 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2019-001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a serious health problem with an incidence that is increasing rapidly. Enlisted men are a distinctive group characterised by 24-hour community-living and are likely to experience changes in body weight as a result of regular diet and exercise during enlistment. Methods This study reviewed data from the Second Military Health Survey. Changes in body mass index (BMI) before and during military service were analysed using paired t-test. We calculated OR and 95% CI for factors affecting weight improvement during military service through logistic regression. Results The mean BMI in the underweight group increased by 5.87 kg/m2 during service, while that in the normal weight group increased by 1.18 kg/m2. In contrast, the mean BMI in the overweight group decreased by 5.47 kg/m2 during service. The OR for an improved BMI in the subjective good health group compared with the subjective poor health group was statistically significant (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.87). The OR for an improved BMI was significantly higher in the group with three or more times per week of strength training than in the group with one to two times per week of strength training, and was higher among the marines compared with the Army soldiers (OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.12 and OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.07 to 4.32, respectively). Conclusions Strength training showed a statistically significant increase in BMI during military service. Furthermore, the BMI of men who were underweight before their service increased, while it decreased among those who were overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bb Ni Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - S W Bae
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Oh
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - J Roh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - J U Won
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Chung T, Bae SW, Mun EY, Suffoletto B, Nishiyama Y, Jang S, Dey AK. Mobile Assessment of Acute Effects of Marijuana on Cognitive Functioning in Young Adults: Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e16240. [PMID: 32154789 PMCID: PMC7093776 DOI: 10.2196/16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile assessment of the effects of acute marijuana on cognitive functioning in the natural environment would provide an ecologically valid measure of the impacts of marijuana use on daily functioning. Objective This study aimed to examine the association of reported acute subjective marijuana high (rated 0-10) with performance on 3 mobile cognitive tasks measuring visuospatial working memory (Flowers task), attentional bias to marijuana-related cues (marijuana Stroop), and information processing and psychomotor speed (digit symbol substitution task [DSST]). The effect of distraction as a moderator of the association between the rating of subjective marijuana high and task performance (ie, reaction time and number of correct responses) was explored. Methods Young adults (aged 18-25 years; 37/60, 62% female) who reported marijuana use at least twice per week were recruited through advertisements and a participant registry in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Phone surveys and mobile cognitive tasks were delivered 3 times per day and were self-initiated when starting marijuana use. Completion of phone surveys triggered the delivery of cognitive tasks. Participants completed up to 30 days of daily data collection. Multilevel models examined associations between ratings of subjective marijuana high (rated 0-10) and performance on each cognitive task (reaction time and number of correct responses) and tested the number of distractions (rated 0-4) during the mobile task session as a moderator of the association between ratings of subjective marijuana high and task performance. Results Participants provided 2703 data points, representing 451 reports (451/2703, 16.7%) of marijuana use. Consistent with slight impairing effects of acute marijuana use, an increase in the average rating of subjective marijuana high was associated with slower average reaction time on all 3 tasks—Flowers (B=2.29; SE 0.86; P=.008), marijuana Stroop (B=2.74; SE 1.09; P=.01), and DSST (B=3.08; SE 1.41; P=.03)—and with fewer correct responses for Flowers (B=−0.03; SE 0.01; P=.01) and DSST (B=−0.18; SE 0.07; P=.01), but not marijuana Stroop (P=.45). Results for distraction as a moderator were statistically significant only for certain cognitive tasks and outcomes. Specifically, as hypothesized, a person’s average number of reported distractions moderated the association of the average rating of subjective marijuana high (over and above a session’s rating) with the reaction time for marijuana Stroop (B=−52.93; SE 19.38; P=.006) and DSST (B=−109.72; SE 42.50; P=.01) and the number of correct responses for marijuana Stroop (B=−0.22; SE 0.10; P=.02) and DSST (B=4.62; SE 1.81; P=.01). Conclusions Young adults’ performance on mobile cognitive tasks in the natural environment was associated with ratings of acute subjective marijuana high, consistent with slight decreases in cognitive functioning. Monitoring cognitive functioning in real time in the natural environment holds promise for providing immediate feedback to guide personal decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sang Won Bae
- School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Brian Suffoletto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yuuki Nishiyama
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Serim Jang
- Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anind K Dey
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Park JK, Lee JH, Kwak JJ, Shin HB, Jung HW, Bae SW, Yeo ED, Lee YK, Yang SS. Evaluation of an antimicrobial silver foam dressing. Wounds 2013; 25:153-159. [PMID: 25866981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CuraVAC Ag, a product that delivers negative pressure wound therapy through a polyurethane foam dressing, contains silver nanoparticles, which, when moistened with water, release silver ions onto a wound surface. The in vitro antimicrobial action of silver can destroy both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and in vivo outcomes of using the product. METHODS Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley white rats, 8-weeks old and 250 g - 300 g in weight, were used. The experimental product was prepared using a vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) kit and coating it using the silver nanoparticles. For the control group, a 10% povidone-iodine solution was applied. RESULTS All groups showed decreases in wound area over time, in the order CuraVAC Ag (group A) > CuraVAC (group B) > control (group C). On the third, fifth, and seventh days, wound healing efficacy scores increased in both group A and group C. Groups A and B showed more rapid decreases than group C in bacterial culture from wounds. CONCLUSION CuraVAC Ag may be useful for treatment of wounds infected with bacteria..
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ja Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Bong Shin
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Jung
- Department of Nephrology, Incheon Saranghospital, Incheon-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baroseum Hospital, Daejeon-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Dong Yeo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Koo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Seok Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunyang University Bucheon Hospital, Republic of Korea
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Kim YS, Byun JK, Kim C, Park BB, Kim YK, Bae SW. Growth response of Pinus densiflora seedlings to different fertilizer compound ratios in a recently burned area in the eastern coast of Korea. Landscape Ecol Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-012-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kim JH, Bae SW, Jeong Hong H, Min Lee G. Decreased chimeric antibody productivity of KR12H-1 transfectoma during long-term culture results from decreased antibody gene copy number. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 51:479-87. [PMID: 18629800 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960820)51:4<479::aid-bit11>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stability of KR12H-1 transfectoma in regard to chimeric antibody production was examined during long-term, repeated batch culture without selection pressure using antibiotics. Both serum-supplemented and serum-free media were used. Regardless of the medium used, the specific antibody productivity (q(Ab)) of transfectoma decreased by 60% to 88% during 70-day culture. This loss of antibody productivity was not due mainly to the appearance of a nonproducing population (NP) of transfectoma. The percentage of a producing population (P), which was monitored by the limiting dilution method, remained over 90% until the end of culture, indicating that the q(Ab) of P decreased during the culture. Flow cytometric data also showed the increase of cell population with low fluorescence intensity during culture, indicating that the intracellular antibody content of P decreased. The subclones of P obtained at the end of long-term culture were further characterized. Compared with the q(Ab) of P at the beginning of long-term culture, the q(Ab) of most P subclones was significantly low, confirming that the loss of antibody productivity was due mainly to the decreased q(Ab) of P during long-term culture. The decreased antibody gene copy number of P subclones was found to be partly responsible for the decreased q(Ab) of P during long-term culture. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Kusong-Dong, Yusong-Gu, Taejon 305-701, Korea
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Bae SW, Choi DK, Chae JB. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of an iatrogenic retinal diamond deposit. Eye (Lond) 2011; 25:1518-9. [PMID: 21852807 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Noh NJ, Son Y, Lee SK, Yoon TK, Seo KW, Kim C, Lee WK, Bae SW, Hwang J. Influence of stand density on soil CO2 efflux for a Pinus densiflora forest in Korea. J Plant Res 2010; 123:411-419. [PMID: 20376523 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-010-0331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of stand density [938 tree ha(-1) for high stand density (HD), 600 tree ha(-1) for medium stand density (MD), and 375 tree ha(-1) for low stand density (LD)] on soil CO(2) efflux (R (S)) in a 70-year-old natural Pinus densiflora S. et Z. forest in central Korea. Concurrent with R (S) measurements, we measured litterfall, total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA), leaf area index (LAI), soil temperature (ST), soil water content (SWC), and soil nitrogen (N) concentration over a 2-year period. The R (S) (t C ha(-1) year(-1)) and leaf litterfall (t C ha(-1) year(-1)) values varied with stand density: 6.21 and 2.03 for HD, 7.45 and 2.37 for MD, and 6.96 and 2.23 for LD, respectively. In addition, R (S) was correlated with ST (R (2) = 0.77-0.80, P < 0.001) and SWC (R (2) = 0.31-0.35, P < 0.001). It appeared that stand density influenced R (S) via changes in leaf litterfall, LAI and SWC. Leaf litterfall (R (2) = 0.71), TBCA (R (2) = 0.64-0.87), and total soil N contents in 2007 (R (2) = 0.94) explained a significant amount of the variance in R (S) (P < 0.01). The current study showed that stand density is one of the key factors influencing R (S) due to the changing biophysical and environmental factors in P. densiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Jin Noh
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
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Kim S, Bae SW, Lee JS, Park J. Recyclable gold nanoparticle catalyst for the aerobic alcohol oxidation and C–C bond forming reaction between primary alcohols and ketones under ambient conditions. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kimura A, Takahashi M, Choi BY, Bae SW, Hohta S, Sasaoka T, Nakahara KI, Chida K, Sawabe M, Yasunami M, Naruse T, Izumi T, Park JE. Lack of association between LTA and LGALS2 polymorphisms and myocardial infarction in Japanese and Korean populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:265-9. [PMID: 17493152 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the recently reported associations of polymorphisms in lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) and galectin-2 (LGALS2) with myocardial infarction (MI), we analyzed a single nucleotide polymorphism of LTA (LTA 252A>G in LTA intron 1) and that of LGALS2 (LGALS2 3279C>T in LGALS2 intron 1) in Japanese and Korean populations. Although significant associations with MI were not observed in either population, we found that LTA 252GG was significantly associated with the severity of the disease for both the Japanese and Korean populations (P=0.017 and P=0.001, respectively). On the other hand, the polymorphism of LGALS2 was not associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. These observations showed that, while the LTA 252GG genotype might modify the development of coronary atherosclerosis, the relation of LTA and LGALS2 to MI itself remained much less certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kim J, Hwang DW, Kim HG, Bae SW, Lee JS, Li W, Oh SH. Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting Through Optimization of Preparation and Operation Conditions of Layered Perovskite Photocatalysts. Top Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-005-3837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rhee CH, Bae SW, Lee JS. Template-free Hydrothermal Synthesis of High Surface Area Nitrogen-doped Titania Photocatalyst Active under Visible Light. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Min Ji S, Borse PH, Gyu Kim H, Won Hwang D, Suk Jang J, Won Bae S, Sung Lee J. Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water–methanol mixtures using N-doped Sr2Nb2O7under visible light irradiation: effects of catalyst structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:1315-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b417052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hwang DW, Kim HG, Jang JS, Bae SW, Ji SM, Lee JS. Photocatalytic decomposition of water–methanol solution over metal-doped layered perovskites under visible light irradiation. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim HG, Ji SM, Jang JS, Bae SW, Lee JS. Formation of La2Ti2O7 crystals from amorphous La2O3-TiO2 powders synthesized by the polymerized complex method. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02705579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yong Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jindo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the incidence and predictors of police contact, criminal charges, and victimization among noninstitutionalized individuals with schizophrenia living in the community. METHODS A total of 172 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were recruited from community-based programs in urban Los Angeles between 1989 and 1991 and were monitored for three years. At baseline, all participants were housed and did not have co-occurring substance use disorders. Face-to-face interviews were conducted every six months. RESULTS Eighty-three individuals (48 percent) had contact with the police during the study period. A small percentage of the contacts involved aggressive behavior against property or persons. Being younger, having had more address changes at baseline, and having a history of arrest and assault were significant predictors of police contact. Thirty-seven individuals (22 percent) reported that charges had been filed against them. Poorer social functioning, more address changes, fewer days of taking medication at baseline, and a history of arrest and assault were significant predictors of criminal charges. Sixty-five participants (38 percent of the sample) reported having been the victim of a crime during the three years, 91 percent of which was violent. Having more severe clinical symptoms and more substance use at baseline were significant predictors of victimization. CONCLUSIONS Individuals in this sample were at least 14 times more likely to be victims of a violent crime than to be arrested for one. In general, the risk associated with being in the community was higher than the risk these individuals posed to the community
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brekke
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA.
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Kim SA, Kang JH, Cho I, Bae SW, Hong KJ. Cell-type specific regulation of thrombospondin-1 expression and its promoter activity by regulatory agents. Exp Mol Med 2001; 33:117-23. [PMID: 11642546 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2001.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a multifunctional protein that is able to function as a negative regulator of solid tumor progression and angiogenesis, is normally present at a very low level but rapidly elevated in pathological tissues. To understand the cellular regulation of TSP-1 expression, the mode of it's expression in Hep3B, SK-HEP-1, and porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells was examined in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). ATRA or IL-6 induced a dose-dependent increase of TSP-1 protein and mRNA levels in PAE cells, while they negatively regulated TSP-1 expression in the Hep3B and SK-HEP-1 cells. In contrast, PMA showed just the opposite effects on the TSP-1 expression in the same cells. IFN-gamma had little effect on TSP-1 level in Hep3B and PAE cells. The TSP-1 expression in SK-HEP-1 cells by these agents showed a close resemblance to that of liver cells rather than that of the endothelial cell line. Possible TSP-1 promoter-mediated responses by ATRA, IL-6, IFN-gamma, or PMA in Hep3B and PAE cells examined with luciferase activity of TSP-LUC reporter plasmid showed that levels of TSP-1 promoter activity were lower than that of the expressed TSP-1 protein and mRNA levels. Transfection of c-Jun and/or RARalpha expression vectors into Hep3B and PAE cells resulted in the enhanced TSP-1 promoter activity as well as the increments of of its protein and mRNA level. These results suggest that regulatory agents-induced TSP-1 expression may be attributed to mRNA stability and/or translational activation in concert with transcriptional activation and TSP-1 expression may be independently controlled via each signal pathway stimulated by PMA or ATRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
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Abstract
A family intervention model designed to meet the unique sociocultural needs of Asian-American schizophrenia patients and their families is proposed. This five-stage model consists of: preparation, engagement, psychoeducational (i.e., survivor skills) workshop, family sessions, and an ending stage. Guidelines and specific suggestions for implementing each of these stages are offered as a means of dealing effectively With Asian Americans' differential value orientations and cultural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Bae
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Abstract
We present a case of isolated avulsion fracture at the plantar lateral base of the first metatarsal without injuries of the tarsometatarsal joint. Few case reports can be found in the literature and it has been reported only as a part of the tarsometatarsal joint injuries. The basis for the diagnosis is discussed, as well as the nature of acute rupture of the peroneus longus tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Kwak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nowon Eulji Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim HP, Lee JY, Jeong JK, Bae SW, Lee HK, Jo I. Nongenomic stimulation of nitric oxide release by estrogen is mediated by estrogen receptor alpha localized in caveolae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263:257-62. [PMID: 10486286 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute administration of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) exerts antiatherosclerotic effects in healthy postmenopausal women. The vasoprotective action of E(2) may be partly accounted for by a rapid increase in nitric oxide (NO) levels in endothelial cells (ECs). However, the signaling mechanisms producing this rise are unknown. In an attempt to address the short-term effect of E(2) on endothelial NO production, confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were incubated in the absence or presence of E(2), and NO production was measured. Significant increases in NO levels were detected after only 5 min of E(2) exposure without a change in the protein levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). This short-term effect of estrogen was significantly blunted by various ligands which decrease intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Furthermore, plasma membrane-impermeable BSA-conjugated E(2) (E(2)BSA) stimulated endothelial NO release, indicating that in the current system the site of action of E(2) is on the plasma membrane rather than the classical nuclear receptor. The partial antagonist tamoxifen did not block E(2)-induced NO production; however, a pure estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) antagonist ICI 182,780 completely inhibited E(2)-stimulated NO release. The binding of E(2) to the membrane was confirmed using FITC-labeled E(2)BSA (E(2)BSA-FITC). Western blot analysis showed that plasmalemmal caveolae possess ERalpha in addition to well-known caveolae-associated proteins eNOS and caveolin. This study demonstrates that the nongenomic and short-term effect of E(2) on endothelial NO release is Ca(2+)-dependent and occurs via ERalpha localized in plasmalemmal caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 5 Nokbun-dong, Seoul, Eunpyung-ku, [122-701], Korea
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Park JW, Ko SH, Kim CW, Bae SW, Hong CS. Seminal plasma anaphylaxis: successful pregnancy after intravaginal desensitization and immunodetection of allergens. Allergy 1999; 54:990-3. [PMID: 10505464 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
In the flow cytometric analysis of the stability of antibody-producing cells, fluorescent antibody probes specific for immunoglobulin heavy chains have been widely utilized to quantify intracellular antibodies. To investigate the effect of the specificity of antibody probes on flow cytometric analysis, non-producing subclones of the 6-31 transfectoma were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-human IgGs specific for heavy chain and light chain, respectively. The use of heavy chain-specific probe identified heavy chain-only producers as producers, whereas the use of light chain-specific probe identified light chain-only producers as producers. Thus, both heavy chain-specific and light chain-specific antibody probes should be used for the accurate evaluation of heterogeneous non-producing population. Furthermore, the results of the flow cytometric analysis were confirmed by immunoblotting, suggesting that flow cytometry is a useful technique for the rapid evaluation of the stability of transfectomas producing chimeric antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, South Korea
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Huang LE, Zhang H, Bae SW, Liu AY. Thiol reducing reagents inhibit the heat shock response. Involvement of a redox mechanism in the heat shock signal transduction pathway. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:30718-25. [PMID: 7982993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of thiol-reducing agents on the heat shock response in human and rodent cells in culture. Using HeLa cells as an example, we demonstrated that dithiothreitol (DTT,2mM) inhibited the heat (42 degrees C) induced increase in the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs), abundance of mRNA of hsp 70, hsp 70 gene promoter activity, and the heat shock factor (HSF) DNA binding activity. This effect of DTT was specific and attributable to its reducing activity; oxidized DTT was ineffective, and other thiol reducing compounds had the same effect as DTT. Time course and dose-response studies showed that DTT significantly inhibited the heat shock induction of heat shock element binding activity with no preincubation and that 0.6 and 1-2 mM DTT gave half-maximal and maximal inhibition, respectively. The effect of DTT was reversible; removal of the DTT-containing medium prior to heat shock rendered the cells fully responsive. Analysis of the effects of DTT on the regulation and function of HSF suggests that DTT blocked an early and important step in the activation process without having a direct effect on the HSF protein. Thus, DTT inhibited the heat-induced trimerization, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of HSF and was also effective against a number of other reagents that are known to activate HSF. On the other hand, DTT did not block the response induced by heat shock at 45 degrees C, and in vitro addition of DTT failed to modulate the DNA binding activity of activated HSF present in cell extracts, suggesting that the HSF protein itself is unlikely to be a direct target of action of DTT. These results, together with the observation that activation of HSF DNA binding activity was attenuated under an anoxic condition and that hydrogen peroxide mimicked the effects of heat shock, suggest the involvement of a redox mechanism as an early and important step in the heat shock signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08855-1059
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Huang LE, Zhang H, Bae SW, Liu AY. Thiol reducing reagents inhibit the heat shock response. Involvement of a redox mechanism in the heat shock signal transduction pathway. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
A case of retrograde intussusception (acute type) of efferent limb into Braun side-to-side jejuno-jejunal anastomosis is presented. Intussusception, though infrequent, is well recognized complication after gastric surgery. Patient was 50 year old man who was admitted with epigastric pain and abdominal mass for 6 hours. Patient had a history of total gastrectomy 2 years before admission due to stage II gastric cancer. Seven hours after admission, hematemesis developed. Emergency fiberopticgastroscopy revealed type 4 jejunogastric intussusception. Segmental resection with end-to-end reanastomosis was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine and General Surgery, Wonju Medical College, Yonsei University, Korea
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