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Fyfe-Johnson AL, Reid MM, Jiang L, Chang JJ, Huyser KR, Hiratsuka VY, Johnson-Jennings MD, Conway CM, Goins TR, Sinclair KA, Steiner JF, Brega AG, Manson SM, O'Connell J. Social Determinants of Health and Body Mass Index in American Indian/Alaska Native Children. Child Obes 2022. [PMID: 36170116 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the associations between social determinants of health (SDOH) and prevalent overweight/obesity status and change in adiposity status among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children. Methods: The study sample includes 23,950 AI/AN children 2-11 years of age, who used Indian Health Service (IHS) from 2010 to 2014. Multivariate generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the following: (1) cross-sectional associations between SDOH and prevalent overweight/obesity status and (2) longitudinal associations between SDOH and change in adiposity status over time. Results: Approximately 49% of children had prevalent overweight/obesity status; 18% had overweight status and 31% had obesity status. Prevalent severe obesity status was 20% in 6-11-year olds. In adjusted cross-sectional models, children living in counties with higher levels of poverty had 28% higher odds of prevalent overweight/obesity status. In adjusted longitudinal models, children 2-5 years old living in counties with more children eligible for free or reduced-priced lunch had 15% lower odds for transitioning from normal-weight status to overweight/obesity status. Conclusions: This work contributes to accumulating knowledge that economic instability, especially poverty, appears to play a large role in overweight/obesity status in AI/AN children. Research, clinical practice, and policy decisions should aim to address and eliminate economic instability in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Fyfe-Johnson
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret M Reid
- Health Systems, Management, and Policy; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology; Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jenny J Chang
- School of Medicine; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly R Huyser
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vanessa Y Hiratsuka
- Center for Human Development, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Cheryl M Conway
- Charles George Veterans Medical Center, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Turner R Goins
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
| | | | - John F Steiner
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela G Brega
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Joan O'Connell
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Sinclair KA, Nikolaus C, Gillespie L, Garza CM, Pee Pahona W, Blaz J, Buchwald D. Strong Men, Strong Communities: Revision of a Diabetes Prevention Intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res 2022; 29:85-103. [PMID: 35881983 DOI: 10.5820/aian.2902.2022.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the revision of the in-person Strong Men, Strong Communities (SMSC) study to a remote protocol and highlights key successes, challenges, and critical lessons learned applicable to remote trial implementation. The SMSC study is the first randomized controlled trial to exclusively recruit American Indian and Alaska Native men into a diabetes prevention intervention. The five-year randomized controlled trial was in its 42nd month with 99 subjects enrolled when the COVID-19 pandemic ceased all in-person research. The study protocol was revised to accommodate remote implementation which required multiple protocol and procedural changes, including the use of Facebook for national recruitment of participants; alteration of the informed consent process; use of REDCap for independent participant completion of informed consent; revised eligibility criteria; and use of Zoom to deliver intervention classes. The remote study protocol proved superior to the in-person protocol in terms of recruitment, retention, engagement in intervention classes, and efficiency of data collection. Challenges to participation and retention included competing demands of participant's jobs as essential workers and for some, the trauma of the losing a loved one(s) to COVID-19. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of a remote protocol in the absence of a pandemic.
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Kaholokula JK, Look M, Mabellos T, Ahn HJ, Choi SY, Sinclair KA, Wills TA, Seto TB, de Silva M. A Cultural Dance Program Improves Hypertension Control and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Native Hawaiians: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:1006-1018. [PMID: 33677520 PMCID: PMC8489304 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Native Hawaiians have higher hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates than non-Hispanic whites, calling for culturally responsive interventions to close this gap. PURPOSE We tested the effects of a 6-month behavioral intervention, a cultural dance program based on hula (the customary dance of Hawai'i), for improving blood pressure (BP) and CVD risk among Native Hawaiians with uncontrolled HTN. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, we tested the effects of the hula-based intervention among 263 Native Hawaiians with uncontrolled HTN (systolic ≥ 140 or ≥ 130 mmHg if diabetes) and no CVD at enrollment. All participants received a brief culturally tailored heart health education before random assignment to the hula-based intervention (n = 131) or the education-only waitlist control (n = 132). Intervention received hula lessons and group-based activities for 6 months. Control received only 1-week education through 6 months. RESULTS Intervention yielded greater reductions in systolic (-15.3 mmHg) and diastolic (-6.4 mmHg) BP than control (-11.8 and -2.6 mmHg, respectively) from baseline to 6 months (p < .05). At 6 months, 43% of intervention participants compared to 21% of controls achieved a HTN stage <130/80 mmHg (p < .001). The 10-year CVD risk reduction was two times greater for the intervention group than the control group based on the Framingham Risk Score calculator. All improvements for intervention participants were maintained at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS This trial represents one of the few rigorously conducted examinations of an Indigenous practice leveraged for health promotion, with implications for other ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mele Look
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
- Hālau Mōhala 'Ilima, Ka'ōhao, HI
| | - Tricia Mabellos
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Hyeong Jun Ahn
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - So Yung Choi
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Ka'imi A Sinclair
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health (IREACH), Washington State University, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas A Wills
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Todd B Seto
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
- The Queen’s Medical Center, The Queen’s Health Systems, Honolulu, HI
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Sinclair KA, Muller C, Noonan C, Booth-LaForce C, Buchwald DS. Increasing health equity through biospecimen research: Identification of factors that influence willingness of Native Americans to donate biospecimens. Prev Med Rep 2021; 21:101311. [PMID: 33520613 PMCID: PMC7820551 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Willingness to donate biospecimens was related to past donation. Trust in how researchers would use and store biospecimens influenced willingness. Fear of research exploitation and spiritual beliefs decreased willingness. Willingness increased if the biobank was run by a Native American organization. Willingness decreased if the biobank was run by the federal government.
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are underrepresented in biomedical research, particularly in biospecimen research, yet little research has been conducted to assess AI/AN attitudes about biospecimen donation. Survey data were collected from 278 AI/AN people in Seattle, Washington in 2016 to assess general willingness to donate, background characteristics related to willingness, and circumstances that would increase or decrease willingness to donate biospecimens. Less than half (43%) of participants were willing to donate. General willingness was related to past donation, and trust in how researchers use and store biospecimens. However, willingness to donate for cancer research was 76%. Fear of research exploitation and spiritual beliefs decreased willingness. Among those who were generally unwilling to donate, willingness increased if the biobank was run by a Native American organization, if the participant or family member had cancer and this was the disease being studied, if the community was involved in developing, reviewing, and approving the research, and if the expertise of researchers was known. Among those who were willing, willingness decreased if they had never heard of the research organization, and if the biobank was run by the federal government. Participation of AI/AN people in biobanking initiatives is critical to address health inequities and improve the health of AI/AN people, realize personalized medicine goals, and address the limited generalizability of current clinical and biospecimen research. These results highlight areas in which interventions could be developed to increase AI/AN donation of biospecimens for research with the ultimate goal of reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka'imi A Sinclair
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Clemma Muller
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Carolyn Noonan
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cathryn Booth-LaForce
- Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dedra S Buchwald
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, United States
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McElfish PA, Rowland B, Riklon S, Aitaoto N, Sinclair KA, Ima S, Kadlubar SA, Goulden PA, Hudson JS, Mamis S, Long CR. Development and Evaluation of a Blood Glucose Monitoring YouTube Video for Marshallese Patients Using a Community-Based Participatory Research Approach. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2019; 20:205-215. [PMID: 31537196 PMCID: PMC9524581 DOI: 10.1177/1527154419872834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to (a) describe the development of a culturally appropriate glucose monitoring video using a community-based participatory research approach and (b) assess the cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of the video. The topic of the video-using a glucometer and the importance of performing blood glucose checks-was chosen by Marshallese community stakeholders. The video was produced in Marshallese with English subtitles and disseminated through YouTube. Participants were recruited from August 16, 2016 to September 12, 2016 in a diabetes clinic that serves Marshallese patients in northwest Arkansas. Fifty participants completed a survey at pre- and postintervention, with questions capturing demographic information and questions on glucose monitoring self-efficacy using an adapted version of the Stanford Patient Education Research Center's Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale. Twenty of those participants who completed the survey also completed semistructured interviews that assessed cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of the video. Participants reported significant increases in self-efficacy related to glucometer use and the importance of performing blood glucose checks (p < .001) and a 1.45% reduction in A1C between preintervention and 12 weeks postintervention (p = .006). Qualitative results indicated the video was both culturally appropriate and effective. The findings of this study were consistent with evidence in the literature, which shows health education videos can be effective at improving health behaviors. Using a community-based participatory research approach to prioritize video topics, and including members of the community in the creation and dissemination of the videos, could aid in ensuring the videos are effective and culturally appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Brett Rowland
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sheldon Riklon
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nia Aitaoto
- Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Shumona Ima
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Susan A Kadlubar
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Peter A Goulden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jonell S Hudson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sammie Mamis
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Christopher R Long
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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McElfish PA, Purvis RS, Esquivel MK, Sinclair KA, Townsend C, Hawley NL, Haggard-Duff LK, Kaholokula JK. Diabetes Disparities and Promising Interventions to Address Diabetes in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Populations. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 30887399 PMCID: PMC7171975 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) population is rapidly growing in the USA. NHPIs face significant health disparities and have a high prevalence of diabetes compared to the general US population. RECENT FINDINGS Recent culturally-adapted diabetes interventions have shown promise in addressing these disparities among NHPI communities. The interventions showed success by utilizing a community-based approach that honored NHPIs' collectivist culture, addressed social determinants of health that influence disease control and prevention, and utilized NHPI community health workers (CHWs) and peer educators for key roles in implementation of the intervention. To address health disparities in the NHPI community, much can be learned from existing, successful interventions. Promising interventions share several attributes. The interventions were: culturally adapted using a community-based participatory research approach; addressed specific social determinants of health (i.e., cost of healthy food, transportation, access to health care) that influence disease control and prevention; honored the collectivist culture of NHPI communities by integrating social networks and extended family members; and utilized NHPI community members, including peer educators and CHWs, for intervention implementation. Further investment to scale these interventions for regional and national implementation is needed to address the significant diabetes disparities that NHPIs face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA.
| | - Rachel S Purvis
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - Monica K Esquivel
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road Ag Sci 314 L, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Ka'imi A Sinclair
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, 1100 Olive Way, Suite 1200, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Claire Townsend
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 677 Ala Moana Blvd, Suite 1016, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Lauren K Haggard-Duff
- College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - Joseph Keawe'aimoku Kaholokula
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 677 Ala Moana Blvd, Suite 1016, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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Kaholokula JK, Look MA, Wills TA, de Silva M, Mabellos T, Seto TB, Ahn HJ, Sinclair KA, Buchwald D. Kā-HOLO Project: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a native cultural dance program for cardiovascular disease prevention in Native Hawaiians. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:321. [PMID: 28415975 PMCID: PMC5392978 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hypertension affects 33% of U.S. adults. Relative to other US races and ethnicities, Native Hawaiians have a high prevalence of hypertension and are 3 to 4 times more likely to have CVD. Effective, culturally-relevant interventions are needed to address CVD risk in this population. Investigators of the Kā-HOLO Project developed a study design to test the efficacy of an intervention that uses hula, a traditional Hawaiian dance, to increase physical activity and reduce CVD risk. Methods A 2-arm randomized controlled trial with a wait-list control design will be implemented to test a 6-month intervention based on hula to manage blood pressure and reduce CVD risk in 250 adult Native Hawaiians with diagnosed hypertension. Half of the sample will be randomized to each arm, stratified across multiple study sites. Primary outcomes are reduction in systolic blood pressure and improvement in CVD risk as measured by the Framingham Risk Score. Other psychosocial and sociocultural measures will be included to determine mediators of intervention effects on primary outcomes. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months for all participants, and at 12 months for intervention participants only. Discussion This trial will elucidate the efficacy of a novel hypertension management program designed to reduce CVD risk in an indigenous population by using a cultural dance form as its physical activity component. The results of this culturally-based intervention will have implications for other indigenous populations globally and will offer a sustainable, culturally-relevant means of addressing CVD disparities. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02620709, registration date November 23, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mele A Look
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA.,Hālau Mōhala 'Ilima, Kailua, USA
| | | | | | - Tricia Mabellos
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Todd B Seto
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Hyeong Jun Ahn
- Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Ka'imi A Sinclair
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health (IREACH), Washington State University, Seattle, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health (IREACH), Washington State University, Seattle, USA
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Sinclair KA, Yerkovich ST, Chen T, McQualter JL, Hopkins PMA, Wells CA, Chambers DC. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are Readily Recoverable from Lung Tissue, but not the Alveolar Space, in Healthy Humans. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2548-2558. [PMID: 27352824 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stromal support is critical for lung homeostasis and the maintenance of an effective epithelial barrier. Despite this, previous studies have found a positive association between the number of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the alveolar compartment and human lung diseases associated with epithelial dysfunction. We hypothesised that bronchoalveolar lavage derived MSCs (BAL-MSCs) are dysfunctional and distinct from resident lung tissue MSCs (LT-MSCs). In this study, we comprehensively interrogated the phenotype and transcriptome of human BAL-MSCs and LT-MSCs. We found that MSCs were rarely recoverable from the alveolar space in healthy humans, but could be readily isolated from lung transplant recipients by bronchoalveolar lavage. BAL-MSCs exhibited a CD90Hi , CD73Hi , CD45Neg , CD105Lo immunophenotype and were bipotent, lacking adipogenic potential. In contrast, MSCs were readily recoverable from healthy human lung tissue and were CD90Hi or Lo , CD73Hi , CD45Neg , CD105Int and had full tri-lineage potential. Transcriptional profiling of the two populations confirmed their status as bona fide MSCs and revealed a high degree of similarity between each other and the archetypal bone-marrow MSC. 105 genes were differentially expressed; 76 of which were increased in BAL-MSCs including genes involved in fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix deposition and tissue remodelling. Finally, we found the fibroblast markers collagen 1A1 and α-smooth muscle actin were increased in BAL-MSCs. Our data suggests that in healthy humans, lung MSCs reside within the tissue, but in disease can differentiate to acquire a profibrotic phenotype and migrate from their in-tissue niche into the alveolar space. Stem Cells 2016;34:2548-2558.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sinclair
- School of Medicine, The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - S T Yerkovich
- School of Medicine, The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Chen
- The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J L McQualter
- Lung and Regenerative Medical Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - P M-A Hopkins
- School of Medicine, The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - C A Wells
- The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D C Chambers
- School of Medicine, The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bates CJ, Prentice A, Birch MC, Delves HT, Sinclair KA. Blood indices of selenium and mercury, and their correlations with fish intake, in young people living in Britain. Br J Nutr 2006; 96:523-31. [PMID: 16925858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between Se and Hg in erythrocytes, and between these indices and intakes of fish and other foods, were studied as an adjunct to the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) of young people aged 4-18 years. Hg was measured in 965 packed erythrocyte samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fe measurements permitted the calculation of whole-blood Hg. Erythrocyte and plasma Se, and 7 d weighed dietary intake estimates, were available. Erythrocyte Hg was positively skewed, normalised by log-transformation. It was 20 % higher in girls than boys (3.17 v. 2.65 nmol/l, P=0.004), and increased with age in boys but not girls. It was directly and strongly correlated with erythrocyte or plasma Se. Hg and Se concentrations were directly correlated with fish intake. Certain other food groups were also directly correlated with Se and Hg concentrations, but less strongly than for fish. The strength and consistency of the relationship between erythrocyte Hg and Se suggests an important chemical link. Previous studies suggest that Se protects against the toxicity of Hg, and that fish is an important source of both. No toxic levels of Hg were found, which is reassuring because of the known health benefits of fish consumption, especially oily fish. Hg intakes need to be monitored, especially in women of child-bearing age, to ensure that Food Standards Agency guidelines are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Bates
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.
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Emudianughe TS, Caldwell J, Sinclair KA, Smith RL. Species differences in the metabolic conjugation of clofibric acid and clofibrate in laboratory animals and man. Drug Metab Dispos 1983; 11:97-102. [PMID: 6133730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The urinary metabolites of single doses of clofibric acid (p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid), and its ethyl ester, clofibrate, have been investigated in rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, cat, ferret, and human volunteers. Human volunteers, rodents, and rabbits given clofibric acid excreted 60-90% of the 14C dose in the urine in 24 hr, and the only metabolite found was the ester glucuronide of clofibric acid, together with small amounts of the unchanged acid. In the dog, cat, and ferret, however, urinary excretion of 14C was much slower (23-39% of dose in 24 hr) and these species all formed the taurine conjugate of clofibric acid, excreted together with the unchanged acid. The ester glucuronide was found in the urine of dog and ferret but not cat. The fate of clofibrate, the ethyl ester of clofibric acid, in rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and man was similar to that of the parent acid. The characterization of the glucuronic acid and taurine conjugates of clofibric acid is described.
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Sinclair KA, Caldwell J. The formation of beta-glucuronidase resistant glucuronides by the intramolecular rearrangement of glucuronic acid conjugates at mild alkaline pH. Biochem Pharmacol 1982; 31:953-7. [PMID: 7082376 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well known to carbohydrate chemists that substituted sugars may undergo facile rearrangement involving the migration of the aglycone from --OH to adjacent --OH. Despite the importance of glycoside conjugates, notably involving glucuronic acid, in the metabolism of xenobiotics, drug metabolism workers have neglected this phenomenon. The potential rearrangement of glucuronides from the biosynthetic C-1 isomers to other positional and stereo-isomers is important, since only 1-O-substituted beta-D-glucosiduronates are substrates for beta-glucuronidase, which is commonly used to identify such conjugates. The intramolecular rearrangement of clofibryl glucuronide has been studied over the pH range 5.2-8.6, by enzymic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase, and by HPLC. The amount of clofibric acid released from the conjugate by beta-glucuronidase falls with increasing pH of preincubation above pH 7.4, and this is accompanied by the appearance of three new peaks, each containing both clofibric and glucuronic acids, in the HPLC traces of the incubation mixtures. Similar experiments with three other glucuronides, those of p-nitrophenol, phenolphthalein and 7-hydroxycoumarin, did not show any conversion to beta-glucuronidase resistant forms. The phenomenon of intramolecular rearrangement of ester glucuronides must be considered whenever beta-glucuronidase is used in the analysis of conjugates of carboxylic acids.
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