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Chau A, Yeh ML, Tsai PC, Huang DQ, Kim SE, Trinh H, Yoon EL, Oh H, Jeong JY, Ahn SB, An J, Tseng CH, Hsu YC, Jeong SW, Cho YK, Shim JJ, Kim HS, Ito T, Marciano S, Kawashima K, Suzuki T, Watanabe T, Nozaki A, Ishikawa T, Inoue K, Eguchi Y, Uojima H, Abe H, Takahashi H, Chuma M, Ishigami M, Hoang JK, Maeda M, Huang CF, Gadano A, Dai CY, Huang JF, Tanaka Y, Chuang WL, Lim SG, Cheung R, Yu ML, Jun DW, Nguyen MH. Sex Differences in Treatment Response to Nucleos(t)ide Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multicenter Longitudinal Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:572-580.e5. [PMID: 37734582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is unclear if there may be sex differences in response to nucleos(t)ide analogs including virologic response (VR), biochemical response (BR), complete response (CR), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among hepatitis B patients. We compared nucleos(t)ide analog treatment outcomes by sex. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 3388 treatment-naïve adult hepatitis B patients (1250 female, 2138 male) from the Real-World Evidence from the Global Alliance for the Study of Hepatitis B Virus consortium who initiated therapy with either entecavir or tenofovir from 22 sites (Argentina, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States). We used propensity-score matching to balance background characteristics of the male and female groups and competing-risks analysis to estimate the incidence and subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) of VR, BR, CR, and HCC. RESULTS Females (vs males) were older (52.0 vs 48.6 y); less likely to be overweight/obese (49.3% vs 65.7%), diabetic (9.9% vs 13.1%), or cirrhotic (27.9% vs 33.0%); and had a lower HBV DNA level (5.9 vs 6.0 log10 IU/mL) and alanine aminotransferase level (91 vs 102 IU/L) (all P < .01). However, after propensity-score matching, relevant background characteristics were balanced between the 2 groups. Females (vs males) had similar 5-year cumulative VR (91.3% vs 90.3%; P = .40) and HCC incidence rates (5.1% vs 4.4%; P = .64), but lower BR (84.0% vs 90.9%; P < .001) and CR (78.8% vs 83.4%; P = .016). Males were more likely to achieve BR (SHR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17-1.46; P < .001) and CR (SHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.31; P = .016), but VR and HCC risks were similar. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences exist for treatment outcomes among hepatitis B patients. Male sex was associated with a 16% higher likelihood of clinical remission and a 31% higher likelihood of biochemical response than females, while virologic response and HCC incidence were similar between the 2 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chau
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, China
| | - Huy Trinh
- San Jose Gastroenterology, San Jose, California
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Cheng-Hao Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chun Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Soung Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sebastián Marciano
- Hepatología and Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsunamasa Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akito Nozaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaori Inoue
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Eguchi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan; Locomedical General Institute, Locomedical Eguchi Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Haruki Uojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan; Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Makoto Chuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Joseph K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mayumi Maeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Adrian Gadano
- Hepatología and Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramsey Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dae-Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California.
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Kawashima K, Andreata F, Beccaria CG, Iannacone M. Priming and Maintenance of Adaptive Immunity in the Liver. Annu Rev Immunol 2024; 42. [PMID: 38360545 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-041354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The liver's unique characteristics have a profound impact on the priming and maintenance of adaptive immunity. This review delves into the cellular circuits that regulate adaptive immune responses in the liver, with a specific focus on hepatitis B virus infection as an illustrative example. A key aspect highlighted is the liver's specialized role in priming CD8+ T cells, leading to a distinct state of immune hyporesponsiveness. Additionally, the influence of the liver's hemodynamics and anatomical features, particularly during liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, on the differentiation and function of adaptive immune cells is discussed. While the primary emphasis is on CD8+ T cells, recent findings regarding the involvement of B cells and CD4+ T cells in hepatic immunity are also reviewed. Furthermore, we address the challenges ahead and propose integrating cutting-edge techniques, such as spatial biology, and combining mouse models with human sample analyses to gain comprehensive insights into the liver's adaptive immunity. This understanding could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies targeting infectious diseases, malignancies, and inflammatory liver conditions like nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 42 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kawashima
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Gabriel Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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3
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Andreata F, Moynihan KD, Fumagalli V, Di Lucia P, Pappas DC, Kawashima K, Ni I, Bessette PH, Perucchini C, Bono E, Giustini L, Nguyen HC, Chin SM, Yeung YA, Gibbs CS, Djuretic I, Iannacone M. CD8 cis-targeted IL-2 drives potent antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi1572. [PMID: 38198572 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are key antiviral effectors against hepatitis B virus (HBV), yet their number and function can be compromised in chronic infections. Preclinical HBV models displaying CD8+ T cell dysfunction showed that interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based treatment, unlike programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade, could reverse this defect, suggesting its therapeutic potential against HBV. However, IL-2's effectiveness is hindered by its pleiotropic nature, because its receptor is found on various immune cells, including regulatory T (Treg) cells and natural killer (NK) cells, which can counteract antiviral responses or contribute to toxicity, respectively. To address this, we developed a cis-targeted CD8-IL2 fusion protein, aiming to selectively stimulate dysfunctional CD8+ T cells in chronic HBV. In a mouse model, CD8-IL2 boosted the number of HBV-reactive CD8+ T cells in the liver without substantially altering Treg or NK cell counts. These expanded CD8+ T cells exhibited increased interferon-γ and granzyme B production, demonstrating enhanced functionality. CD8-IL2 treatment resulted in substantial antiviral effects, evidenced by marked reductions in viremia and antigenemia and HBV core antigen-positive hepatocytes. In contrast, an untargeted CTRL-IL2 led to predominant NK cell expansion, minimal CD8+ T cell expansion, negligible changes in effector molecules, and minimal antiviral activity. Human CD8-IL2 trials in cynomolgus monkeys mirrored these results, achieving a roughly 20-fold increase in peripheral blood CD8+ T cells without affecting NK or Treg cell numbers. These data support the development of CD8-IL2 as a therapy for chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Keigo Kawashima
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Ni
- Asher Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Chiara Perucchini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bono
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Henry C Nguyen
- Asher Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - S Michael Chin
- Asher Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yik Andy Yeung
- Asher Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Craig S Gibbs
- Asher Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ivana Djuretic
- Asher Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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4
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Ogawa E, Jun DW, Toyoda H, Hsu YC, Yoon EL, Ahn SB, Yeh ML, Do S, Trinh HN, Takahashi H, Enomoto M, Kawada N, Yasuda S, Tseng CH, Kawashima K, Lee HA, Inoue K, Haga H, Do AT, Maeda M, Hoang JH, Cheung R, Ueno Y, Eguchi Y, Furusyo N, Yu ML, Tanaka Y, Nguyen MH. Increased spine bone density in patients with chronic hepatitis B switched to tenofovir alafenamide: A prospective, multinational study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:239-248. [PMID: 37882252 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on patients switched to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) from nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) other than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are limited. AIMS To assess the treatment and renal/bone safety outcomes following the switch to TAF. METHODS We prospectively enrolled adult patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who switched from any NUC to TAF at 14 centres in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the U.S. Study outcomes were viral suppression (VR; HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL), biochemical response (BR; alanine aminotransferase normalisation), and changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and T-scores (L-spine) by bone absorptiometry by 24 months after switch to TAF. RESULTS We enrolled 270 eligible patients. Mean age was 58.1; 58.2% were male; 12.2% had cirrhosis and 73.3% previously received entecavir monotherapy. VR rate increased significantly from 95.2% to 98.8% by 24 months after the switch to TAF (p = 0.014). Between the switch and 24 months later, the mean spine T-score improved significantly from -1.43 ± 1.36 to -1.17 ± 1.38 (p < 0.0001), while there was no significant change in mean eGFR (88.4 ± 16.9-89.5 ± 16.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 , p = 0.13). On multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, baseline spine T-score and prior TDF or adefovir dipivoxil use, male sex was significantly associated with lower risk of worsening spine T-score (odds ratio: 0.29, p = 0.020), while age was significantly associated with a higher risk of worsening chronic kidney disease stage (OR: 1.07, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS At 24 months after the switch to TAF, VR rates and spine bone density improved significantly while renal function remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Ogawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Yao-Chun Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Son Do
- Digestive Health Associates of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Huy N Trinh
- San Jose Gastroenterology, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Division of Metabolism and San Jose Gastroenterology Endocrinology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Han Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kaori Inoue
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ai-Thien Do
- Digestive Health Associates of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mayumi Maeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Joseph H Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ramsey Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Eguchi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Locomedical General Institute, Locomedical Eguchi Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Inabu Y, Kurosu K, Osawa R, Hasunuma T, Tsuji N, Funo H, Nishimura K, Kushibiki S, Kawashima K, Sugino T. Effect of kraft pulp inclusion in calf starter on performance, health, and plasma concentration of glucagon-like peptide 2 in calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4443-4453. [PMID: 37080779 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Kraft pulp (KP), an intermediate product obtained when wood chips are converted to paper, contains highly digestible fiber. This study evaluated the effect of KP inclusion in calf starters on growth performance, health, and plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) concentration in calves. Twenty-five Holstein heifer calves were raised on a high plane of nutrition program using milk replacer containing 29% crude protein and 18% fat until 49 d after birth, and were fed calf starters containing KP at 0 (CON; n = 14) or 12% (KPS; n = 11) on a dry matter basis. All calves were fed the treatment calf starters and timothy hay ad libitum. Blood was collected at 4, 14, 21, 35, 49, 70, and 91 d after birth. Dry matter intake (DMI) of milk replacer and hay was not affected by treatment, whereas calf starter DMI was lower for KPS (0.93 kg/d) than for CON (1.03 kg/d). Higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content in KPS (31.7%) than in the CON starter (22.1%) resulted in higher NDF intake for KPS (0.55 kg/d) than for CON (0.47 kg/d). However, the consumption of starch was lower for KPS (0.29 kg/d) than for CON (0.33 kg/d). Despite the lower starter intake for KPS, body weight and average daily gain did not differ between treatments. No significant difference was observed in the plasma concentrations of metabolites, except for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB); BHB concentration was lower for KPS (216 μmol/L) than for CON (257 μmol/L). The area under the curve for plasma GLP-2 concentration was higher for KPS (54.1 ng/mL × d) than for CON (36.0 ng/mL × d). Additionally, the fecal score postweaning (1.19 and 1.48 for KPS and CON, respectively) and the number of days that calves developed diarrhea throughout the experimental period (2.50 d and 8.10 d for KPS and CON, respectively) were lower for KPS than for CON. These results indicate that feeding KP reduces the severity and frequency of diarrhea without adversely affecting growth performance. This could be attributed to the increased plasma GLP-2 concentration induced by higher NDF intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Inabu
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan 878-0201; Dairy Nutrition and Feeding Management, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan 739-8528
| | - K Kurosu
- Nippon Paper Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 114-0002
| | - R Osawa
- Saitama Prefectural Agricultural Technology Research Center, Saitama, Japan 360-0102
| | - T Hasunuma
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Toyama, Japan 939-2622
| | - N Tsuji
- Yamanashi Livestock and Dairy Farming Technology Center, Yamanashi, Japan 408-0021
| | - H Funo
- Shimane Prefectural Eastern Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Promotion Center, Yunnan Office, Shimane, Japan 693-0031
| | - K Nishimura
- Miyazaki Livestock Research Institute, Miyazaki, Japan 889-4411
| | - S Kushibiki
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0901
| | - K Kawashima
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Chiba, Japan 289-1113
| | - T Sugino
- Dairy Nutrition and Feeding Management, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Japan 739-8528.
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Hase I, Higashi Y, Eisaki H, Kawashima K. Flat band ferromagnetism in Pb[Formula: see text]Sb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] via a self-doped mechanism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4743. [PMID: 36959386 PMCID: PMC10036504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron systems with strong geometrical frustrations have flat bands, and their unusual band dispersions are expected to induce a wide variety of physical properties. However, for the emergence of such properties, the Fermi level must be pinned within the flat band. In this study, we performed first-principles calculations on pyrochlore oxide Pb[Formula: see text]Sb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] and theoretically clarified that the self-doping mechanism induces pinning of the Fermi level in the flat band in this system. Therefore, a very high density of states is realized at the Fermi level, and the ferromagnetic state transforms into the ground state via a flat band mechanism, although the system does not contain any magnetic elements. This compound has the potential to serve as a new platform for projecting the properties of flat band systems in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Hase
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Japan
| | - Y. Higashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Japan
| | - H. Eisaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, 305-8568 Japan
| | - K. Kawashima
- IMRA-JAPAN Material R &D Co. Ltd., 2-1 Asahi-machi, Kariya, Aichi 448-0032 Japan
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7
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Hayashi S, Isogawa M, Kawashima K, Ito K, Chuaypen N, Morine Y, Shimada M, Higashi-Kuwata N, Watanabe T, Tangkijvanich P, Mitsuya H, Tanaka Y. Droplet digital PCR assay provides intrahepatic HBV cccDNA quantification tool for clinical application. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2133. [PMID: 35136096 PMCID: PMC8826402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) poses a major obstacle to curing chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Here, we used droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for cccDNA quantitation. The cccDNA-specific ddPCR showed high accuracy with the dynamic range of cccDNA detection from 101 to 105 copies/assay. The ddPCR had higher sensitivity, specificity and precisely than qPCR. The results of ddPCR correlated closely with serum HB core-related antigen and HB surface antigen (HBsAg) in 24 HBV-infected human-liver-chimeric mice (PXB-mice). We demonstrated that in 2 PXB-mice after entecavir treatment, the total cccDNA content did not change during liver repopulation, although the cccDNA content per hepatocyte was reduced after the treatment. In the 6 patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma, ddPCR detected cccDNA in both tumor and non-tumor tissues. In 13 HBeAg-negative CHB patients with pegylated interferon alpha-2a, cccDNA contents from paired biopsies were more significantly reduced in virological response (VR) than in non-VR at week 48 (p = 0.0051). Interestingly, cccDNA levels were the lowest in VR with HBsAg clearance but remained detectable after the treatment. Collectively, ddPCR revealed that cccDNA content is stable during hepatocyte proliferation and persists at quantifiable levels, even after serum HBsAg clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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8
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Inoue T, Funatsu Y, Ohnishi M, Isogawa M, Kawashima K, Tanaka M, Moriya K, Kawaratani H, Momoda R, Iio E, Nakagawa H, Suzuki Y, Matsuura K, Fujiwara K, Nakajima A, Yoshiji H, Nakayama J, Tanaka Y. Bile acid dysmetabolism in the gut-microbiota-liver axis under hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int 2022; 42:124-134. [PMID: 34411400 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We recently analysed and reported the features of the micro biome under hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the effect of HCV infection on bile acid (BA) metabolism in the gut-liver axis remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the gut-liver axis in HCV-infected patients. METHODS The faecal BAs composition and gut microbiota from 100 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients were compared with those from 23 healthy individuals. For transcriptional analysis of the liver, 22 mild CHC (fibrosis stages [F] 0-2) and 42 advanced CHC (F3-4) cases were compared with 12 healthy individuals. The findings were confirmed using chimeric mice with human hepatocytes infected with HCV HCR6. RESULTS Chronic hepatitis C patients, even at earlier disease stages, showed BA profiles distinct from healthy individuals, in which faecal deoxycholic acid (DCA) was significantly reduced and lithocholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid became dominant. The decrease in faecal DCA was correlated with reduction in commensal Clostridiales and increase in oral Lactobacillales. Impaired biosynthesis of cholic acid (CA) was observed as a reduction in the transcription level of cytochrome P450 8B1 (CYP8B1), a key enzyme in CA biosynthesis. The reductions in faecal DCA and liver CYP8B1 were also observed in HCV-infected chimeric mice. CONCLUSIONS Chronic hepatitis C alters the intestinal BA profile, in association with the imbalance of BA biosynthesis, which differs from the pattern in NAFLD. These imbalances appear to drive disease progression through the gut-microbiome-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Inoue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yui Funatsu
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaya Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Rie Momoda
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Iio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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9
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Smith RJ, Ozawa H, Kawashima K, Nakai S. A New Species of Pseudostrandesia Savatenalinton and Martens, 2009 (Ostracoda, Crustacea) Collected from Two Pet Shops in Central Japan: an Alien Species? Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:481-493. [PMID: 34664923 DOI: 10.2108/zs210027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An undescribed species of freshwater ostracod belonging to the genus Pseudostrandesia Savatenalinton and Martens, 2009 was collected from two pet shops in the Kanto region of central Japan. This species, herein named Pseudostrandesia tenebrarum sp. nov., is similar to four species previously reported from Southeast Asia, but can be distinguished by carapace and appendage features. It is the second species of the genus for which males are known. Of the nine previously described species in the genus, one is exclusively known from Turkey, and the others are found in Southeast Asia and the vicinity, one of which is also recorded in India and east China. There are two scenarios to explain the existence of Pseudostrandesia tenebrarum sp. nov. in pet shops in Japan: it is either native to Japan but has yet to be discovered in its natural habitat, or it is an alien species, perhaps unwittingly imported with plants or fish for the pet trade. We review the likelihood of both scenarios, and conclude that although there is insufficient evidence to be sure, it is potentially an alien species in Japan. The most likely origin is Southeast Asia, as evidenced by its close morphological resemblance to particular Southeast Asian species. Juveniles as well as adults were recovered, indicating that this species is reproducing in the pet trade, supporting the notion that it has invasive potential to areas outside of its natural range. The description and report of this species highlights a possible introduction of an alien species to Japan, and facilitates further monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirokazu Ozawa
- Earth Sciences Laboratory, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture 252-0880, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shizuko Nakai
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Prefecture 252-0880, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality through chronic hepatitis that may progress to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The central role played by HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in the clearance of acute HBV infection, and HBV-related liver injury is now well established. Vigorous, multifunctional CD8+ T cell responses are usually induced in most adult-onset HBV infections, while chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is characterized by quantitatively and qualitatively weak HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The molecular basis of this dichotomy is poorly understood. Genomic analysis of dysfunctional HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in CHB patients and various mouse models suggest that multifaceted mechanisms including negative signaling and metabolic abnormalities cooperatively establish CD8+ T cell dysfunction. Immunoregulatory cell populations in the liver, including liver resident dendritic cells (DCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), may contribute to intrahepatic CD8+ T cell dysfunction through the production of soluble mediators, such as arginase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and suppressive cytokines and the expression of co-inhibitory molecules. A series of recent studies with mouse models of HBV infection suggest that genetic and epigenetic changes in dysfunctional CD8+ T cells are the manifestation of prolonged antigenic stimulation, as well as the absence of co-stimulatory or cytokine signaling. These new findings may provide potential new targets for immunotherapy aiming at invigorating HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, which hopefully cures CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Baudi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Tsuda T, Hayama M, Maeda Y, Takeda K, Nishiike S, Kawashima K, Inohara H. Online workshops on the teaching and practice of endoscopic sinus surgery techniques during the COVID-19 pandemic. RHINOL 2021. [DOI: 10.4193/rhinol/21.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Baudi I, Isogawa M, Moalli F, Onishi M, Kawashima K, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Sato Y, Harashima H, Ito H, Ishikawa T, Wakita T, Iannacone M, Tanaka Y. Interferon signaling suppresses the unfolded protein response and induces cell death in hepatocytes accumulating hepatitis B surface antigen. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009228. [PMID: 33979382 PMCID: PMC8143404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infection, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), occasionally causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is counteractive machinery to ER stress, and the failure of UPR to cope with ER stress results in cell death. Mechanisms that regulate the balance between ER stress and UPR are poorly understood. Type 1 and type 2 interferons have been implicated in hepatic flares during chronic HBV infection. Here, we examined the interplay between ER stress, UPR, and IFNs using transgenic mice that express hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (HBs-Tg mice) and humanized-liver chimeric mice infected with HBV. IFNα causes severe and moderate liver injury in HBs-Tg mice and HBV infected chimeric mice, respectively. The degree of liver injury is directly correlated with HBsAg levels in the liver, and reduction of HBsAg in the transgenic mice alleviates IFNα mediated liver injury. Analyses of total gene expression and UPR biomarkers' protein expression in the liver revealed that UPR is induced in HBs-Tg mice and HBV infected chimeric mice, indicating that HBsAg accumulation causes ER stress. Notably, IFNα administration transiently suppressed UPR biomarkers before liver injury without affecting intrahepatic HBsAg levels. Furthermore, UPR upregulation by glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) suppression or low dose tunicamycin alleviated IFNα mediated liver injury. These results suggest that IFNα induces ER stress-associated cell death by reducing UPR. IFNγ uses the same mechanism to exert cytotoxicity to HBsAg accumulating hepatocytes. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unknown mechanism of IFN-mediated cell death. This study also identifies UPR as a potential target for regulating ER stress-associated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Baudi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Federica Moalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Masaya Onishi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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13
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Kawashima K, Isogawa M, Onishi M, Baudi I, Saito S, Nakajima A, Fujita T, Tanaka Y. Restoration of type I interferon signaling in intrahepatically primed CD8+ T cells promotes functional differentiation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145761. [PMID: 33400688 PMCID: PMC7934883 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus–specific (HBV-specific) CD8+ T cells fail to acquire effector functions after priming in the liver, but the molecular basis for the dysfunction is poorly understood. By comparing the gene expression profile of intrahepatically primed, dysfunctional HBV-specific CD8+ T cells with that of systemically primed, functional effector counterparts, we found that the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) is selectively suppressed in the dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. The ISG suppression was associated with impaired phosphorylation of STAT1 in response to IFN-α treatment. Importantly, a strong induction of type I interferons (IFN-Is) in the liver facilitated the functional differentiation of intrahepatically primed HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in association with the restoration of ISGs’ expression in the T cells. These results suggest that intrahepatic priming suppresses IFN-I signaling in CD8+ T cells, which may contribute to the dysfunction. The data also suggest a therapeutic value of the robust induction of intrahepatic IFN-Is for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. Functional defects of hepatitis B virus–specific CD8+ T cells correlate with impairment of type I interferon signaling after intrahepatic priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Onishi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ian Baudi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, and.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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14
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Kawashima K, Ogawa H, Komura S, Ishihara T, Yamaguchi Y, Akiyama H, Matsumoto K. Heparan sulfate deficiency leads to hypertrophic chondrocytes by increasing bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1459-1470. [PMID: 32818603 PMCID: PMC7606622 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exostosin-1 (EXT1) and EXT2 are the major genetic etiologies of multiple hereditary exostoses and are essential for heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Previous studies investigating HS in several mouse models of multiple hereditary exostoses have reported that aberrant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling promotes osteochondroma formation in Ext1-deficient mice. This study examined the mechanism underlying the effects of HS deficiency on BMP/Smad signaling in articular cartilage in a cartilage-specific Ext-/- mouse model. METHOD We generated mice with a conditional Ext1 knockout in cartilage tissue (Ext1-cKO mice) using Prg4-Cre transgenic mice. Structural cartilage alterations were histologically evaluated and phospho-Smad1/5/9 (pSmad1/5/9) expression in mouse chondrocytes was analyzed. The effect of pharmacological intervention of BMP signaling using a specific inhibitor was assessed in the articular cartilage of Ext1-cKO mice. RESULTS Hypertrophic chondrocytes were significantly more abundant (P = 0.021) and cartilage thickness was greater in Ext1-cKO mice at 3 months postnatal than in control littermates (P = 0.036 for femur; and P < 0.001 for tibia). However, osteoarthritis did not spontaneously occur before the 1-year follow-up. matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and adamalysin-like metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs(ADAMTS)-5 were upregulated in hypertrophic chondrocytes of transgenic mice. Immunostaining and western blotting revealed that pSmad1/5/9-positive chondrocytes were more abundant in the articular cartilage of Ext1-cKO mice than in control littermates. Furthermore, the BMP inhibitor significantly decreased the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes in Ext1-cKO mice (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS HS deficiency in articular chondrocytes causes chondrocyte hypertrophy, wherein upregulated BMP/Smad signaling partially contributes to this phenotype. HS might play an important role in maintaining the cartilaginous matrix by regulating BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kawashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - H. Ogawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - S. Komura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - T. Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Y. Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - H. Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - K. Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: K. Matsumoto, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. Tel.: 81-58-230-6333; Fax: 81-58-230-6334. (K. Matsumoto)
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15
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Hamada-Tsutsumi S, Onishi M, Matsuura K, Isogawa M, Kawashima K, Sato Y, Tanaka Y. Inhibitory Effect of a Human MicroRNA, miR-6133-5p, on the Fibrotic Activity of Hepatic Stellate Cells in Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197251. [PMID: 33019495 PMCID: PMC7583928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently identified 39 human microRNAs, which effectively suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in hepatocytes. Chronic HBV infection often results in active, hepatitis-related liver fibrosis; hence, we assessed whether any of these microRNAs have anti-fibrotic potential and predicted that miR-6133-5p may target several fibrosis-related genes. METHODS The hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 was transfected with an miR-6133-5p mimic and subsequently treated with Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The mRNA and protein products of the COL1A1 gene, encoding collagen, and the ACTA2 gene, an activation marker of hepatic stellate cells, were quantified. RESULTS The expression of COL1A1 and ACTA2 was markedly reduced in LX-2 cells treated with miR-6133-5p. Interestingly, phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was also significantly decreased by miR-6133-5p treatment. The expression of several predicted target genes of miR-6133-5p, including TGFBR2 (which encodes Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2) and FGFR1 (which encodes Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1), was also reduced in miR-6133-5p-treated cells. The knockdown of TGFBR2 by the corresponding small interfering RNA greatly suppressed the expression of COL1A1 and ACTA2. Treatment with the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, also suppressed COL1A1 and ACTA2 expression, indicating that TGFBR2 and JNK mediate the anti-fibrotic effect of miR-6133-5p. The downregulation of FGFR1 may result in a decrease of phosphorylated Akt, ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and JNK. CONCLUSION miR-6133-5p has a strong anti-fibrotic effect, mediated by inactivation of TGFBR2, Akt, and JNK.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Anthracenes/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/cytology
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- MAP Kinase Kinase 4/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase 4/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/agonists
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Oligoribonucleotides/genetics
- Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Hamada-Tsutsumi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.H.-T.); (M.O.); (M.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Masaya Onishi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.H.-T.); (M.O.); (M.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Kentaro Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan;
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.H.-T.); (M.O.); (M.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.H.-T.); (M.O.); (M.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (S.H.-T.); (M.O.); (M.I.); (K.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-96-373-5146
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Nomoto K, Kawashima K, Hirashiki A, Kokubo M, Shimizu A, Arai H, Toba K, Murohara T. P103 Heart failure with preserved ejection fruction defines the progression of abnormal brain aging: a prospective study of young-old hypertensive patients. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehz872.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) Geriatrics and Gelontorogy sponsored research funds
Background & purpose: Recently, many longitudinal studies have shown that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with various types of brain abnormalities: cerebral micro-bleeding, atrophy, or pathologic degeneration (white matter hyperintensity; WMH). These brain abnormalities are known to increase with aging and to be closely associated with cognitive impairment. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) also increases with aging, but there have been few longitudinal studies to address the relationship between HFpEF and brain abnormalities. Thus, this longitudinal study aimed to clarify this relationship by focusing on WMH volume.
METHODS
The participants were 111 well-controlled hypertensive patients aged between 65 and 75 years with normal LV contraction and no history of symptomatic heart failure, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke, or cognitive dysfunction. The participants were classified into 3 groups: Low E/e", E/e" < 8; Middle E/e", 8≤ E/e" ≤ 15; and High E/e", E/e" > 15. WMH volume was quantified on brain magnetic resonance imaging using analytical software.
RESULTS
During the mean 2.6 ± 1.0-year follow-up period, the rate of increase of WMH volume was significantly higher in the high E/e" group (1.1 ± 1.2 mL/year) than in the low E/e" group (0.30 ± 0.78 mL/year; P = 0.0238). Linear regression analysis including other confounders showed that the only positive association was between the rate of increase of WMH volume and the E/e" ratio (beta- coefficient = 0.225, P = 0.018).
CONCLUSION
The severity of LV diastolic dysfunction is positively correlated with increasing WMH volume.
Abstract P103 Figure. The rates of increase of WMH volumes
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nomoto
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cardiology, Obu, Japan
| | - K Kawashima
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cardiology, Obu, Japan
| | - A Hirashiki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cardiology, Obu, Japan
| | - M Kokubo
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cardiology, Obu, Japan
| | - A Shimizu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cardiology, Obu, Japan
| | - H Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - K Toba
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - T Murohara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Cardiology, Nagoya, Japan
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17
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Shimura A, Takaesu Y, Ito J, Katayose Y, Nieda K, Kawashima K, Hashimoto M, Kunoki K, Toumei K, Inoue T. A randomized controlled trial: tailored sleep hygiene intervention reduced high school students' sleep disturbance, absenteeism, presenteeism, and dropout. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Hirashiki A, Kawashima K, Nomoto K, Kokubo M, Shimizu A, Arai H. P768Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for assessing frailty status in stable elderly patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Frailty is a syndrome associated with aging that produces subclinical dysfunction across multiple organ systems and leads to increased risk of mortality. The Kihon Checklist (KCL) was developed by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare to identify older persons in need of care; it is a reliable tool for predicting general frailty in older adults. There is little information about the relationship between frailty status and exercise capacity.
Purpose
To investigate whether cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) parameters are associated with frailty in stable elderly patients with heart failure (HF).
Methods
Ninety-two stable elderly patients with HF were evaluated by using CPX and the total KCL (t-KCL). A t-KCL score of 0–3 was classified as robust, 4–7 as pre-frail, and ≥8 as frail. Diagnostic performance (DP) -plot analysis was used to assess the utility of CPX parameters to distinguish between the presence and absence of frailty.
Results
Mean age, left ventricular ejection fraction, plasma brain natriuretic peptide, peak work rate (WR), peak VO2, and t-KCL score were 81.7 years, 57.8%, 182 pg/mL, 49.6 W, 13.2 mL/kg/min, and 10.7, respectively. t-KCL score was significantly correlated with peak VO2 (r=−0.53, p<0.001) and peak WR (r=−0.63, p<0.001). In the patients with frailty (n=63), peak WR was significantly lower than that in patients without frailty (n=29; 40.8 and 71.0 W, respectively, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that peak WR was the only significant independent predictor of frailty (β=−0.111, p<0.001). In the DP-plot analysis, a cut-off value for peak WR of 51.9 W was the best predictor of frailty (accuracy; 0.706, Figure).
Cut-off value for peak WR
Conclusions
Frailty status was significantly associated with peak WR in stable elderly patients with HF. CPX may be useful for assessing frailty status in stable elderly patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hirashiki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - K Kawashima
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - K Nomoto
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - M Kokubo
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - A Shimizu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - H Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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19
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Hamada-Tsutsumi S, Naito Y, Sato S, Takaoka A, Kawashima K, Isogawa M, Ochiya T, Tanaka Y. The antiviral effects of human microRNA miR-302c-3p against hepatitis B virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:1060-1070. [PMID: 30828831 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional treatments of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rarely achieve a decline of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels and eradication of the virus. AIM To elucidate the antiviral mechanisms of a human microRNA, miR-302c-3p, against HBV replication. METHODS The antiviral effect of miR-302c-3p was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by transfecting the miR-302c-3p mimic into HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP-C4 cells and HBV transgenic mice respectively. RESULTS miR-302c-3p decreased not only HBV replication but also production of HBsAg. Pregenomic RNA and HBsAg mRNA concentrations decreased in the cells treated with miR-302c-3p. Interestingly, the amount of cccDNA was significantly reduced in the miR-302c-3p-treated cells, in association with disappearance of the HBV core protein. An RNA immunoprecipitation assay showed that miR-302c-3p decreased the binding of the HBV polymerase to the pregenomic RNA by hybridising with the ε-loop region. A number of host genes were downregulated in miR-302c-3p-treated cells, including BMPR2 and HNF4A. Knockdown of these two genes by corresponding siRNAs also suppressed HBV replication and HBsAg secretion. The antiviral effect of miR-302c-3p was also observed in HBV transgenic mice. CONCLUSION miR-302c-3p had anti-HBV activity, in vitro and in vivo, via several mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Hamada-Tsutsumi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Naito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sato
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Hayashi S, Khan A, Simons BC, Homan C, Matsui T, Ogawa K, Kawashima K, Murakami S, Takahashi S, Isogawa M, Ikeo K, Mizokami M, McMahon BJ, Tanaka Y. An Association Between Core Mutations in Hepatitis B Virus Genotype F1b and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Alaskan Native People. Hepatology 2019; 69:19-33. [PMID: 29893492 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F1b infection is strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in young Alaskan Native (AN) people. However, the mechanisms by which genotype F1b causes HCC are unclear. Here, we analyzed the clinical and virological significance of genotype F1b in long-term serial samples from 20 HCC patients with HBV infection. Complete sequence analyses revealed that all isolates were genotype F1b. In the HCC patients, T1938C and A2051C mutations in the core region had accumulated significantly with A1762T/G1764A mutations in the basal core promoter (BCP) region and G1896A mutation in the precore (PC) region. Several HBV clones containing the core mutations were examined for their replication efficiency and core stability in vitro. Clones containing the A2051C mutation replicated more efficiently than the wild type in association with enhanced stability of core protein dimerization. In chimeric mice with human hepatocytes carrying BCP/PC/2051 mutant but not with wild-type virus, liver fibrosis was induced in association with high levels of serum HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen. Interestingly, microarray analysis and validation study showed that five genes associated with cell proliferation or carcinogenesis, v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog, Grb2-associated binding protein 2, bradykinin receptor B2, follistatin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8, were significantly up-regulated in human hepatocytes infected with genotype F1b, particularly the BCP/PC/2051 mutant, compared with other genotypes. Conclusion: We have identified an association between Alaska-specific core mutations and HCC development in AN people infected with genotype F1b; accumulation of these core mutations during the course of chronic infection with genotype F1b would contribute to HCC development in AN people earlier in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anis Khan
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Brenna C Simons
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Chriss Homan
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuko Murakami
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Brian J McMahon
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
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Ishimaru S, Haunuma T, Kawashima K, Yamaguchi T, Asakuma S, Kushibiki S, Obitsu T, Sugino T. WPSI-2 Calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids supplementation increased milk production and changed plasma hormone concentration in mid-lactating cows. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Ishimaru
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University,Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Haunuma
- Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry & Fisheries Research Center,Toyama City, Japan
| | - K Kawashima
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center,Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Asakuma
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research center,Hokkaido, Japan
| | - S Kushibiki
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science,Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Obitsu
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University,Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - T Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University,Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Murata
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic & Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3–9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Hase I, Yanagisawa T, Aiura Y, Kawashima K. Possibility of Flat-Band Ferromagnetism in Hole-Doped Pyrochlore Oxides Sn_{2}Nb_{2}O_{7} and Sn_{2}Ta_{2}O_{7}. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:196401. [PMID: 29799253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.196401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanics tells us that the hopping integral between local orbitals makes the energy band dispersive. In a lattice with geometric frustration, however, dispersionless flat bands may appear due to quantum interference. Several models possessing flat bands have been proposed theoretically, and many attracting magnetic and electronic properties are predicted. However, despite many attempts to realize these models experimentally, compounds that are appropriately described by this model have not been found so far. Here we show that pyrochlore oxides Sn_{2}Nb_{2}O_{7} and Sn_{2}Ta_{2}O_{7} are such examples, by performing first-principles band calculation and several tight-binding analyses. Moreover, spin-polarized band calculation shows that the hole-doped systems Sn_{2}Nb_{2}O_{6}N and Sn_{2}Ta_{2}O_{6}N have complete spin polarization, and their magnetic moments are mostly carried by Sn-s and N-p orbitals, which are usually nonmagnetic. These compounds are not only candidates for ferromagnets without a magnetic element, but also will provide an experimental platform for a flat-band model which shows a wide range of physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hase
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - T Yanagisawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Y Aiura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - K Kawashima
- IMRA, Material R&D Co. Ltd., 2-1 Asahi-machi, Kariya, Aichi 448-0032, Japan
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Abstract
Quantum mechanics states that hopping integral between local orbitals makes the energy band dispersive. However, in some special cases, there are bands with no dispersion due to quantum interference. These bands are called as flat band. Many models having flat band have been proposed, and many interesting physical properties are predicted. However, no real compound having flat band has been found yet despite the 25 years of vigorous researches. We have found that some pyrochlore oxides have quasi-flat band just below the Fermi level by first principles calculation. Moreover, their valence bands are well described by a tight-binding model of pyrochlore lattice with isotropic nearest neighbor hopping integral. This model belongs to a class of Mielke model, whose ground state is known to be ferromagnetic with appropriate carrier doping and on-site repulsive Coulomb interaction. We have also performed a spin-polarized band calculation for the hole-doped system from first principles and found that the ground state is ferromagnetic for some doping region. Interestingly, these compounds do not include magnetic element, such as transition metal and rare-earth elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Hase
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 2, Umezono 1-1-4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - T. Yanagisawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 2, Umezono 1-1-4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - K. Kawashima
- IMRA Material R&D Co. Ltd., Kariya, Aichi 448-0032 Japan
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Hase I, Yanagisawa T, Kawashima K. One Way to Design a Valence-Skip Compound. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:127. [PMID: 28235362 PMCID: PMC5315650 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Valence-skip compound is a good candidate with high T c and low anisotropy because it has a large attractive interaction at the site of valence-skip atom. However, it is not easy to synthesize such compound because of (i) the instability of the skipping valence state, (ii) the competing charge order, and (iii) that formal valence may not be true in some compounds. In the present study, we show several examples of the valence-skip compounds and discuss how we can design them by first principles calculations. Furthermore, we calculated the electronic structure of a promising candidate of valence skipping compound RbTlCl3 from first principles. We confirmed that the charge-density wave (CDW) is formed in this compound, and the Tl atoms in two crystallographic different sites take the valence Tl1+ and Tl3+. Structure optimization study reveals that this CDW is stable at the ambient pressure, while this CDW gap can be collapsed when we apply pressure with several gigapascals. In this metallic phase, we can expect a large charge fluctuation and a large electron-phonon interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Hase
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 2, Umezono 1-1-4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - T. Yanagisawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 2, Umezono 1-1-4, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - K. Kawashima
- IMRA Material R&D Co., Ltd., Kariya, Aichi 448-0032 Japan
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Yokomizo A, Satoh T, Hashine K, Inoue T, Fujimoto K, Egawa S, Habuchi T, Kawashima K, Ishizuka O, Shinohara N, Sugimoto M, Yoshino Y, Wakabayashi M, Nihei K, Fukuda H, Tobisu KI, Kakehi Y, Naito S. Randomized controlled trial comparing radiotherapy +/- endocrine therapy versus endocrine therapy alone for PSA failure after radical prostatectomy: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG0401. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx370.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kunimura A, Ishii H, Aoki T, Hirayama K, Harada K, Sumi T, Shibata Y, Negishi Y, Kawashima K, Tatami Y, Kawamiya T, Yamamoto D, Suzuki S, Amano T, Murohara T. P1548Impact of nutritional and inflammatory status on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nagpal R, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Gut dysbiosis following C-section instigates higher colonisation of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in infants. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:353-365. [PMID: 28504574 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we investigated the intestinal carriage of α-toxigenic and enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens during infancy, focusing on its association with other gut microbes and mode of delivery and feeding. Faecal samples from 89 healthy term infants were collected at age 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years. C. perfringens was quantified by qPCR; other gut bacteria were quantified by reverse-transcription-qPCR. Alpha-toxigenic C. perfringens was detected in 3.4% infants at day 7 but was present in 35-40% infants at subsequent time-points, with counts ranging from 103-107 cells/g faeces. Enterotoxigenic C. perfringens remained undetected at day 7 but was detected in 1.1, 4.5, 10.1 and 4.5% infants at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years, respectively. Intriguingly, infants carrying α-toxigenic C. perfringens had lower levels of Bacteroides fragilis group, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and organic acids as compared to non-carriers. Further analyses revealed that, compared to vaginally-born infants, caesarean-born infants had higher carriage of C. perfringens and lower levels of B. fragilis group, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and faecal organic acids during first 6 months. Compared to formula-fed infants, breast-fed infants were slightly less often colonised with C. perfringens; and within caesarean-born infants, breast-fed infants had slightly lower levels of C. perfringens and higher levels of B. fragilis group, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli than formula-fed infants. This study demonstrates the quantitative dynamics of toxigenic C. perfringens colonisation in infants during the early years of life. Caesarean-born infants acquire a somewhat perturbed microbiota, and breast-feeding might be helpful in ameliorating this dysbiosis. Higher carriage of toxigenic C. perfringens in healthy infants is intriguing and warrants further investigation of its sources and clinical significance in infants, particularly the caesarean-born who may represent a potential reservoir of this opportunistic pathogen and might be more prone to associated illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagpal
- 1 Laboratory for Probiotics Research (Yakult), Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-9-8-3F, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Tsuji
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K Nomoto
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K Kawashima
- 3 Gonohashi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 6 Chome-1-6 Kameido, Koto, Tokyo 136-0071, Japan
| | - S Nagata
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Y Yamashiro
- 1 Laboratory for Probiotics Research (Yakult), Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-9-8-3F, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Narita M, Yamada M, Tsuboi T, Kawashima K. Immunohistopathology of Calf Pneumonia Induced by Endobronchial Inoculation with Bovine Adenovirus 3. Vet Pathol 2016; 39:565-71. [PMID: 12243466 DOI: 10.1354/vp.39-5-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three 1-week-old and three 3-month-old Holstein calves that had received colostrum were inoculated endobronchially with bovine adenovirus 3 (BAV-3). The gross and histologic lesions in these six infected calves were localized mainly in the right caudal lobe of the lung and were closely associated with the site of the deposition of the inoculum. The pneumonic lesions were severe necrotizing bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and alveolitis, accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of type 2 pneumocytes. Intranuclear inclusion bodies, BAV-3 antigen, and virus particles were detected in the degenerated epithelial cells in the 1-week-old but not the 3-month-old calves. After infection, the total cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells was increased. The results of BAV-3 isolation from BAL fluid were correlated with the detection of intranuclear inclusion bodies in the desquamated epithelial cells in the BAL fluid cells from the right caudal lobe but not in cells from the left caudal lobe. CD8+ T lymphocytes in the pneumonic lesion were found only in the 3-month-old infected calves. The difference in the immunopathologic reactions between the 1-week-old and the 3-month-old infected calves may be attributed to differences in immune system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Narita
- National Institute of Animal Health, Kamikita, Aomori, Japan
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Kawashima K, Tanaka Y. [Clinical manifestations of HBV genotypes]. Nihon Rinsho 2015; 73 Suppl 9:434-438. [PMID: 26845973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Kikuchi K, Moriuchi R, Inokuma D, Ito T, Kawashima K, Yoshida T, Nozaki A, Horiuchi K, Nakayama C, Itami H, Yanai M, Fukasawa Y, Kimura T, Shimizu S. Immunohistochemical analysis of extramammary Paget's disease with Bowenoid features: case report and review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:1404-5. [PMID: 26289934 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kikuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - R Moriuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - D Inokuma
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - T Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - K Kawashima
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - A Nozaki
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - K Horiuchi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - C Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - H Itami
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - M Yanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - Y Fukasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
| | - T Kimura
- Sapporo Dermatopathology Institute, North 18, West 3, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0018, Japan
| | - S Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11, West 13, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8604, Japan
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Tomeno W, Kawashima K, Yoneda M, Saito S, Ogawa Y, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Imajo K, Mawatari H, Fujita K, Saito S, Hirayasu Y, Nakajima A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease comorbid with major depressive disorder: The pathological features and poor therapeutic efficacy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1009-14. [PMID: 25619308 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an important public health problem, and it is often comorbid with many chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients comorbid with MDD and to investigate the influence of MDD on the effect of treatment in patients with NAFLD. METHODS A total of 258 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were included. MDD was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision. The patients were followed up for 48 weeks under standard care for NAFLD, which consisted mainly of lifestyle modification. RESULTS There were 32 patients comorbid with MDD. They were characterized by more severe histological steatosis and higher NAFLD activity score, and also significantly higher levels of serum aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and ferritin, than age-and-sex-matched NAFLD patients without MDD. Moreover, NAFLD patients with MDD showed poor response to the standard care for NAFLD, in body weight loss and in other parameters. Particularly, NAFLD patients with unstable MDD (not in full/partial remission) showed severe resistance to the treatment. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate the clinical features and response to therapy of NAFLD patients comorbid with MDD. The comorbid state of MDD was associated with more severe histological liver steatosis and worse treatment outcomes in patients with NAFLD. Further investigations are required to develop new lifestyle modification programs that enable NAFLD patients with MDD to achieve the treatment goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Tomeno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Sugino T, Tateno A, Ueno G, Kawashima K, Okimura T, Hirabayashi H, Suzuki A, Asakuma S, Kobayashi H, Isobe N, Obitsu T, Kushibiki S. Effects of calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids on plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in early lactating dairy cows. Anim Prod Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/an14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on milk production and plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations in early lactating dairy cows, 10 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups after parturition. One group was fed a diet supplemented with calcium salts of MCFA (MCFA-Ca) for 8 weeks after parturition, while the other group was fed the same diet without the supplement (control). MCFA-Ca, containing 60% caprylic acid and 40% capric acid, was added to a total mixed ration (TMR) at 1.5% of the dietary dry matter (DM). Cows were offered the TMR ad libitum. DM intake, daily gain in bodyweight, milk yield, milk fat content and milk protein content did not differ between the two treatment groups. The MCFA-Ca diet decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.05), while plasma concentrations of total and free cholesterols tended to increase (P < 0.10). Plasma ghrelin was maintained at a higher concentration (P < 0.05) in cows fed the MCFA-Ca diet than in the control group. Relative to the control diet, the MCFA-Ca diet decreased plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.05) and numerically increased plasma glucagon concentration, resulting in a lower insulin : glucagon ratio (P < 0.05). In conclusion, plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations were affected by the MCFA-Ca diet, suggesting that MCFA-Ca supplementation may change endocrine functions and nutrient metabolism in early lactating cows, ultimately resulting in an enhanced catabolic state.
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Oka A, Amano Y, Uchida Y, Kagawa K, Tada Y, Kusunoki R, Fukuba N, Moriyama I, Yuki T, Kawashima K, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y. Hepatic penetration by stomal ulcer: rare complication of a peptic ulcer. Endoscopy 2013; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E347-8. [PMID: 23012015 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1309920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Oka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
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Iwasaki T, Tomeno W, Yoneda M, Inamori M, Shirakawa J, Imajo K, Kawashima K, Terauchi Y, Nakajima A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease adversely affects the glycemic control afforded by sitagliptin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 59:1522-5. [PMID: 22155853 DOI: 10.5754/hge11689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recently, high serum DPP-4 activity was found in patients with NAFLD. Therefore, the possibility of NAFLD adversely influencing the therapeutic effect afforded by DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetic patients was suggested. METHODOLOGY A total of 20 type 2 DM patients with NAFLD and 85 type 2 DM patients without NAFLD were enrolled in the present study. The patients were administered sitagliptin at the dose of 50 mg/day for 12 weeks. RESULTS The change in HbA1c from the baseline following treatment with sitagliptin was -0.47% (4 weeks), -0.73% (8 weeks) and -0.88% (12 weeks) in the type 2 DM patients with NAFLD and -0.26% (4 weeks), -0.41% (8 weeks) and -0.49% (12 weeks) in type 2 DM without NAFLD. The changes in the HbA1c from the baseline after sitagliptin treatment for 8 and 12 weeks were significantly greater in type 2 DM patients with NAFLD than in type 2 DM patients without NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that NAFLD might adversely affect the therapeutic effect afforded by sitagliptin treatment in patients with type 2 DM. NAFLD may be an independent predictor of the effect of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 DM.
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Tsuji H, Oozeer R, Matsuda K, Matsuki T, Ohta T, Nomoto K, Tanaka R, Kawashima M, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Molecular monitoring of the development of intestinal microbiota in Japanese infants. Benef Microbes 2012; 3:113-25. [PMID: 22683836 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The faecal microbiota of 166 healthy Japanese newborns was analysed periodically from day 1 after birth until the age of 3 years by using the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Faecal pH and the organic acid concentration were also examined. Colonisation by both facultative anaerobes and strict anaerobes was confirmed in 95% of the meconium tested. Bifidobacterium-predominant microbiota was established subsequently in most of the infants by 3 months after birth. Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum group and Bifidobacterium bifidum were the species mainly detected. Intergroup correlation analysis revealed that the bifidobacterial population levels, but not other strict anaerobe groups, were found to be negatively correlated with those of the Enterobacteriaceae from 7 days until 3 months after birth. Faecal pH was maintained at about 6 until 6 months after birth and reached 6.6 at 3 years after birth. The initial concentration of faecal organic acids (19 μM/g of faeces) just after birth increased until 3 years after birth to the level of 111 μM/g of faeces. Early start of feeding formula milk promoted colonisation by obligate anaerobes such as the Clostridium coccoides group, the Clostridium leptum subgroup, Prevotella, and Atopobium cluster during the 3 months after birth. Population levels of the bifidobacteria until 1 month after birth and those of the Bacteroides fragilis group until 6 months after birth were lower in infants delivered by Caesarean section than in those delivered normally. The results suggested that both earlier start of feeding of formula milk and the mode of infant delivery were found to be important in the development of intestinal microbiota in early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuji
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
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Driza N, Blanco-Canosa S, Bakr M, Soltan S, Khalid M, Mustafa L, Kawashima K, Christiani G, Habermeier HU, Khaliullin G, Ulrich C, Le Tacon M, Keimer B. Long-range transfer of electron-phonon coupling in oxide superlattices. Nat Mater 2012; 11:675-681. [PMID: 22797829 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The electron-phonon interaction is of central importance for the electrical and thermal properties of solids, and its influence on superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance and other many-body phenomena in correlated-electron materials is the subject of intense research at present. However, the non-local nature of the interactions between valence electrons and lattice ions, often compounded by a plethora of vibrational modes, presents formidable challenges for attempts to experimentally control and theoretically describe the physical properties of complex materials. Here we report a Raman scattering study of the lattice dynamics in superlattices of the high-temperature superconductor YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) (YBCO) and the colossal-magnetoresistance compound La(2/3)Ca(1/3)MnO(3) that suggests a new approach to this problem. We find that a rotational mode of the MnO(6) octahedra in La(2/3)Ca(1/3)MnO(3) experiences pronounced superconductivity-induced line-shape anomalies, which scale linearly with the thickness of the YBCO layers over a remarkably long range of several tens of nanometres. The transfer of the electron-phonon coupling between superlattice layers can be understood as a consequence of long-range Coulomb forces in conjunction with an orbital reconstruction at the interface. The superlattice geometry thus provides new opportunities for controlled modification of the electron-phonon interaction in complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Driza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Okamoto H, Wakana H, Kawashima K, Fukasawa T, Fujii H. Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic adhesiolysis for mechanical small bowel obstruction. Asian J Endosc Surg 2012; 5:53-8. [PMID: 22776364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5910.2011.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laparoscopy for small bowel obstruction (SBO) has increasingly been performed for the advantages minimally invasive surgery provides. However, its benefit remains unclear. METHODS From January 2004 to July 2011, we enrolled 28 consecutive patients who underwent a laparoscopic operation for SBO, secondary to postoperative adhesions. We compared the results of SBO patients treated laparoscopically with those of 25 patients who underwent conventional open laparotomy in a retrospective matched-pair analysis. RESULTS Laparoscopic treatment was completed in 25 patients (89%), including 17 laparoscopic-assisted cases. The mean procedural time was 112 minutes in the laparoscopic group and 79 minutes in the open group (P < 0.05). Patients resumed oral intake after a mean of 3 days in the laparoscopic group compared with a mean of 6.5 days in the open group (P < 0.05). The length of hospital stay was 11 and 22 days (P < 0.05), respectively, in the laparoscopic and open groups. Postoperative complications occurred in two patients in the laparoscopy group and 14 patients in the open group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The laparoscopic approach was effective for the management of mechanical SBO in selected patients. Furthermore, minimally invasive laparoscopic adhesiolysis is also feasible and brings the benefit of cosmetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Tsuru Municipal Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Okochi T, Kishi T, Ikeda M, Kitajima T, Kinoshita Y, Kawashima K, Okumura T, Tsunoka T, Fukuo Y, Inada T, Yamada M, Uchimura N, Iyo M, Sora I, Ozaki N, Ujike H, Iwata N. Genetic Association Analysis of NOS3 and Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis Among Japanese. Curr Neuropharmacol 2011; 9:151-4. [PMID: 21886581 PMCID: PMC3137171 DOI: 10.2174/157015911795017119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is one of the enzymes influencing nitric oxide (NO) function in the human brain. NO is a gaseous neurotransmitter that is involved in a variety of mechanisms in the central nervous system, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation and oxidative stress. The evidence from animal pharmacological studies and postmortem studies supports an association between NO and psychotic disorders. Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is a known psychotic disorder, and we therefore conducted a gene-based case-control study between tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2070744, rs1799983) in NOS3 and METH-induced psychosis in Japanese subjects (183 with METH-induced psychosis and 267 controls). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject. No significant association was found between any tagging SNP in NOS3 and METH-induced psychosis in the allele/genotype-wise or haplotype-wise analyses. In conclusion, we suggest that NOS3 might not contribute to the risk of METH-induced psychosis in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okochi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Hirayama M, Kinoshita H, Inoue M, Kawashima K, Yoshimura S. Delayed hemopneumothorax resulting from a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure. Minerva Anestesiol 2011; 77:938. [PMID: 21878878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Hattori K, Muraishi O, Kageyama Y, Kurosumi M, Yonese J, Urakami S, Kawashima K, Shinbo M, Tsuzuki T. MP-04.19 Inter-Observer Variation in the Pathological Diagnosis of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Between Tertiary Care Centers and Central Pathology Review. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Minakawa H, Kawashima K, Sugihara T, Fukuda S, Sawamura Y, Watanabe A, Nohira K. Experience with 24 cases of reconstructive anterior skull base surgery: classification and evaluation of postoperative facial appearance. Skull Base Surg 2011; 10:65-70. [PMID: 17171103 PMCID: PMC1656764 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This article details our experience with 24 cases of anterior skull base reconstruction after tumor resection. They were classified into four types according to the resected region. In 11 cases of type I resection, the orbital part of frontal bone and/or cribriform plate of ethmoid bone were resected. In two cases of type II resection, the orbital contents and partial orbital bone were resected with the addition of type I. In five cases of type III resection, the maxillary bone was resected with the addition of type II. In six cases of type IV resection, the zygomatic bone and/or facial skin were resected with the addition of type III. The tumor originating from intracranial region was 25% of this series and all of them belonged to type I. The tumor originating from extracranial region tumor was 75% and its resected region was more extensive. In type I and II resections, the cranial flap, radial forearm free flap, or a combination of the two was used for reconstruction. The rectus abdominis myocutaneous/muscle free flap was used for reconstruction of massive defects in type III and IV defects. Total incidence of postoperative complications was 16.7%. Donor site deformity of the cranial flap at the frontal and temporal region in types I and II resections and facial contour deformity in zygomatic region and defect of upper and/or lower palpebra in type IV resection were major problems with postoperative facial appearance. Although use of the rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flap combined with costal cartilages improved the midfacial contour, palpebral reconstruction remained an unsolved problem in reconstructive skull base surgery. The reconstructive goals in skull base surgery are not only to obtain safe and reliable skull base reconstruction but also to restore the facial appearance postoperatively.
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Shindo K, Kawashima K, Ushiba J, Ota N, Ito M, Ota T, Kimura A, Liu M. Effects of neurofeedback training with an electroencephalogram-based Brain–Computer Interface for hand paralysis in patients with chronic stroke: A preliminary case series study. J Rehabil Med 2011; 43:951-7. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kishi T, Fukuo Y, Kitajima T, Okochi T, Yamanouchi Y, Kinoshita Y, Kawashima K, Inada T, Kunugi H, Kato T, Yoshikawa T, Ujike H, Ozaki N, Iwata N. SIRT1 gene, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the Japanese population: an association study. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2010; 10:257-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kawashima K, Inoue R, Kanaya T, Matsuba G, Nishida K, Hino M. Distribution of glass transition temperatureTgin a polymer thin film by neutron reflectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/184/1/012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mondal MH, Mukherjee M, Kawashima K, Nishida K, Kanaya T. Study of Thickness Dependent Density in Ultrathin Water Soluble Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kinoshita Y, Ikeda M, Ujike H, Kitajima T, Yamanouchi Y, Aleksic B, Kishi T, Kawashima K, Ohkouchi T, Ozaki N, Inada T, Harano M, Komiyama T, Hori T, Yamada M, Sekine Y, Iyo M, Sora I, Iwata N. Association Study of the Calcineurin A Gamma Subunit Gene (PPP3CC) and Methamphetamine-Use Disorder in a Japanese Population. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1139:57-62. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1432.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Imai K, Suzuki T, Kawashima K, Ichinose Y, Sato J, Yamanaka H. The Accuracy of Diagnosis in the Mass Screening for Prostate Cancer. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1058349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hu B, Kalloo AN, Chung SSC, Cotton PB, Gostout CJ, Hawes RH, Pasricha PJ, Isakovich NV, Nakajima Y, Kawashima K, Kantsevoy SV. Peroral transgastric endoscopic primary repair of a ventral hernia in a porcine model. Endoscopy 2007; 39:390-3. [PMID: 17516343 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Multiple studies have demonstrated the feasibility of peroral transgastric endoscopic procedures in animal models. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a peroral transgastric endoscopic approach to repair abdominal wall hernias. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed acute experiments under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation using 50-kg pigs. Following peroral intubation an incision of the gastric wall was made and the endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity. An internal anterior abdominal wall incision was performed with a needle knife to create an animal model of a ventral hernia. After hernia creation an endoscopic suturing device was used for primary repair of the hernia. After completion of the hernia repair the endoscope was withdrawn into the stomach and the gastric wall incision was closed with endoscopic clips. Then the animals were killed for necropsy. RESULTS Two acute experiments were performed. Incision of the gastric wall was easily achieved with a needle knife and a pull-type sphincterotome. A large (3 x 2 cm) defect of the abdominal wall (ventral hernia model) was closed with five or six sutures using the endoscopic suturing device. Postmortem examination revealed complete closure of the hernia without any complications. CONCLUSIONS Transgastric endoscopic primary repair of ventral hernias in a porcine model is feasible and may be technically simpler than laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University of PLA, Shanghai, Ch
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Agatsuma T, Iwagami M, Sato Y, Iwashita J, Hong SJ, Kang SY, Ho LY, Su KE, Kawashima K, Abe T. The origin of the triploid in Paragonimus westermani on the basis of variable regions in the mitochondrial DNA. J Helminthol 2007; 77:279-85. [PMID: 14627442 DOI: 10.1079/joh2003185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTriploid, parthenogenetic forms of the lungfluke, Paragonimus westermani, occur in Japan, Korea and China. The origin(s) of triploidy has been debated over the years. Sequences of two regions in the mitochondrial DNA, i.e. partial lrRNA (16S), and a portion of the non-coding region, were obtained from natural populations of P. westermani. All triploid individuals (Japan, Korea, China) and a single tetraploid individual (China) had identical sequences in the 16S region studied. Some sequence variation was observed among diploids, with those from Taiwan being distinct from the remainder. Both neighbour joining and parsimony trees using the 16S region placed diploid individuals from southwestern Japan close to the triploids and the tetraploid. The fragment amplified from the mitochondrial non-coding region showed dimorphism. One form (type A) consisted of 239 bp comprising two identical tracts of 70 bp separated by a tract of 93 bp. The second form (Type B) consisted of only a single 70 bp tract. All diploid individuals from Taiwan, China and Korea possessed type A, while those from Japan were polymorphic; individuals from Oita and Hyogo had type B, those from Chiba had type A, but both types were found in Mie. On the other hand, all of the triploid individuals and two tetraploid individuals possessed type B. Both the form present in the non-coding region and the 16S sequence suggest an affinity between a south-eastern group of diploid populations in Japan and the triploid form. A possible mechanism responsible for the origin of the triploid is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Agatsuma
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Kochi Medical School, Oko, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
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