1
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Dodd K, Legget KT, Cornier MA, Novick AM, McHugo M, Berman BD, Lawful BP, Tregellas JR. Relationship between functional connectivity and weight-gain risk of antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:173-181. [PMID: 38552340 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms by which antipsychotic medications (APs) contribute to obesity in schizophrenia are not well understood. Because AP effects on functional brain connectivity may contribute to weight effects, the current study investigated how AP-associated weight-gain risk relates to functional connectivity in schizophrenia. METHODS Fifty-five individuals with schizophrenia (final N = 54) were divided into groups based on previously reported AP weight-gain risk (no APs/low risk [N = 19]; moderate risk [N = 17]; high risk [N = 18]). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was completed after an overnight fast ("fasted") and post-meal ("fed"). Correlations between AP weight-gain risk and functional connectivity were assessed at the whole-brain level and in reward- and eating-related brain regions (anterior insula, caudate, nucleus accumbens). RESULTS When fasted, greater AP weight-gain risk was associated with increased connectivity between thalamus and sensorimotor cortex (pFDR = 0.021). When fed, greater AP weight-gain risk was associated with increased connectivity between left caudate and left precentral/postcentral gyri (pFDR = 0.048) and between right caudate and multiple regions, including the left precentral/postcentral gyri (pFDR = 0.001), intracalcarine/precuneal/cuneal cortices (pFDR < 0.001), and fusiform gyrus (pFDR = 0.008). When fed, greater AP weight-gain risk was also associated with decreased connectivity between right anterior insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (pFDR = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS APs with higher weight-gain risk were associated with greater connectivity between reward-related regions and sensorimotor regions when fasted, perhaps relating to motor anticipation for consumption. Higher weight-gain risk APs were also associated with increased connectivity between reward, salience, and visual regions when fed, potentially reflecting greater desire for consumption following satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Dodd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Anschutz Health Sciences Building, 1890 N Revere Ct, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver, 12705 E Montview Blvd Suite 100, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristina T Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Anschutz Health Sciences Building, 1890 N Revere Ct, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 N Wheeling St, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Sciences Building, CSB 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andrew M Novick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Anschutz Health Sciences Building, 1890 N Revere Ct, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maureen McHugo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Anschutz Health Sciences Building, 1890 N Revere Ct, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian D Berman
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Benjamin P Lawful
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Anschutz Health Sciences Building, 1890 N Revere Ct, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Anschutz Health Sciences Building, 1890 N Revere Ct, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 N Wheeling St, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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2
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Trostel S, Meyers H, McLaren J, Bracey A, Lee D, Lichtenheld A, Li W, Singer D, Dodd K, Smith S. 265 Sinus Tachycardia Is Rare Among Hemodynamically Stable Patients With Occlusion Myocardial Infarction. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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3
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Yi SY, Stowe NA, Barnett BR, Dodd K, Yu JPJ. Microglial Density Alters Measures of Axonal Integrity and Structural Connectivity. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2020; 5:1061-1068. [PMID: 32507509 PMCID: PMC7709542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has fundamentally transformed how we interrogate diseases and disorders of the brain in neuropsychiatric illness. DTI and recently developed multicompartment diffusion-weighted imaging (MC-DWI) techniques, such as NODDI (neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging), measure diffusion anisotropy presuming a static neuroglial environment; however, microglial morphology and density are highly dynamic in psychiatric illness, and how alterations in microglial density might influence intracellular measures of diffusion anisotropy in DTI and MC-DWI brain microstructure is unknown. To address this question, DTI and MC-DWI studies of murine brains depleted of microglia were performed, revealing significant alterations in axonal integrity and fiber tractography in DTI and in commonly used MC-DWI models. With accumulating evidence of the role of microglia in neuropsychiatric illness, our findings uncover the unexpected contribution of microglia to measures of axonal integrity and structural connectivity and provide unanticipated insights into the potential influence of microglia in diffusion imaging studies of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Y Yi
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nicholas A Stowe
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brian R Barnett
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Keith Dodd
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John-Paul J Yu
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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4
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Aronson M, Henderson T, Dodd K, Lovell E, Cirone M, Williamson K. 164 Emergency Medicine Resident Perceptions of a Novel Curriculum: Advanced Mental Performance in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Henderson T, Aronson M, Dodd K, Lovell E, Putman M, Cirone M, Glowacki N, Altaher A, Salzman D, Williamson K. 33 Stress Inoculation in Emergency Medicine Residents: Effects of a Mental Performance Tool on Stress Response during a Simulated Resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Hou J, Dodd K, Nair VA, Rajan S, Beniwal-Patel P, Saha S, Prabhakaran V. Alterations in brain white matter microstructural properties in patients with Crohn's disease in remission. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2145. [PMID: 32034257 PMCID: PMC7005825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been shown to have abnormal brain morphometry or function, which are associated with psychological symptoms such as stress, depression or anxiety. The present work recruited 20 Crohn’s disease patients in remission (CDs) and 20 age-gender-handedness-education matched healthy controls (HCs) and compared their brain white matter microstructural properties using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Additionally, we examined the correlations between the microstructural properties and cognition (verbal fluency language task, VF) and affect (anxiety) in both groups as well as disease duration in CDs. Results showed that CDs exhibited significant alterations in microstructural properties compared to HCs in various white matter tracts relevant to language function despite no significant difference in VF scores. Furthermore, CDs’ microstructural changes exhibited correlations with anxiety level and disease duration. These findings suggest that CD patients may experience changes in white matter microstructural properties which may be a biomarker of neuropsychiatric comorbidities of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Hou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Keith Dodd
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Veena A Nair
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Shruti Rajan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Poonam Beniwal-Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Sumona Saha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
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7
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Nair VA, Dodd K, Rajan S, Santhanubosu A, Beniwal-Patel P, Saha S, Prabhakaran V. A Verbal Fluency Task-Based Brain Activation fMRI Study in Patients with Crohn's Disease in Remission. J Neuroimaging 2019; 29:630-639. [PMID: 31134699 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In this pilot study, we investigated functional brain activation changes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in remission compared to age and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Data from 20 patients with CD in remission (age range 19-63 years) and 20 HCs (matched in age and gender) were analyzed. Task functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected while participants performed a cognitive (phonemic verbal fluency) task in the scanner. All participants also performed the same task outside the scanner. RESULTS Task fMRI results showed greater bi-hemispheric activation in CD patients compared to controls. Because this pattern is commonly reported with normal aging, we performed further analyses to investigate fMRI responses in a subset of the younger CD patients (N = 12, age < = 35 years) compared to matched young HCs (age < = 35 years), and an older cohort of HCs (age > = 50 years). Results showed that task activation patterns were similar between young CD patients and older HCs, and that both groups differed significantly from younger HCs. Activation intensity in specific brain regions for patients was associated with disease duration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CD patients in remission may show accelerated signs of aging in terms of brain responses to a typical cognitive task. Future work with larger sample size will need to replicate these results as well as investigate the influence of factors, such as chronicity of the disease and medication effects on task-associated brain activation patterns in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena A Nair
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Keith Dodd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Shruti Rajan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Anu Santhanubosu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Poonam Beniwal-Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Sumona Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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8
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Hou J, Mohanty R, Nair VA, Dodd K, Beniwal-Patel P, Saha S, Prabhakaran V. Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in patients with Crohn's disease in remission. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7412. [PMID: 31092855 PMCID: PMC6520362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found neural alterations in regions involved in cognitive and affective functions among Crohn's disease (CD) patients. The present work recruited 18 CD patients and 18 age-gender matched healthy controls (HC) and specifically compared differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the executive control network (ECN) which has been implicated in cognitive function and default mode network (DMN), which has been implicated in affective function. Additionally, we examined the correlations between RSFC in ECN and verbal fluency (VF) in both groups as well as RSFC in DMN and anxiety level in the CD group. Results showed significantly increased RSFC between the right middle frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule in ECN, as well as increased RSFC between the right precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex in DMN, among CD patients compared to HC. However, the correlations between ECN/DMN and behavioral scores in each group were not significant, which was possibility due to the limited sample size. These findings suggest that CD patients may experience changes in the connectivity patterns in ECN and DMN. Increased connectivity observed on these networks could be a potential biomarker of a neuropsychiatric manifestation of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Hou
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Rosaleena Mohanty
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Veena A Nair
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Keith Dodd
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Poonam Beniwal-Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Sumona Saha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
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9
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Remsik AB, Williams L, Gjini K, Dodd K, Thoma J, Jacobson T, Walczak M, McMillan M, Rajan S, Young BM, Nigogosyan Z, Advani H, Mohanty R, Tellapragada N, Allen J, Mazrooyisebdani M, Walton LM, van Kan PLE, Kang TJ, Sattin JA, Nair VA, Edwards DF, Williams JC, Prabhakaran V. Ipsilesional Mu Rhythm Desynchronization and Changes in Motor Behavior Following Post Stroke BCI Intervention for Motor Rehabilitation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:53. [PMID: 30899211 PMCID: PMC6417367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of motor function is a common deficit following stroke insult and often manifests as persistent upper extremity (UE) disability which can affect a survivor's ability to participate in activities of daily living. Recent research suggests the use of brain-computer interface (BCI) devices might improve UE function in stroke survivors at various times since stroke. This randomized crossover-controlled trial examines whether intervention with this BCI device design attenuates the effects of hemiparesis, encourages reorganization of motor related brain signals (EEG measured sensorimotor rhythm desynchronization), and improves movement, as measured by the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). A sample of 21 stroke survivors, presenting with varied times since stroke and levels of UE impairment, received a maximum of 18-30 h of intervention with a novel electroencephalogram-based BCI-driven functional electrical stimulator (EEG-BCI-FES) device. Driven by spectral power recordings from contralateral EEG electrodes during cued attempted grasping of the hand, the user's input to the EEG-BCI-FES device modulates horizontal movement of a virtual cursor and also facilitates concurrent stimulation of the impaired UE. Outcome measures of function and capacity were assessed at baseline, mid-therapy, and at completion of therapy while EEG was recorded only during intervention sessions. A significant increase in r-squared values [reflecting Mu rhythm (8-12 Hz) desynchronization as the result of attempted movements of the impaired hand] presented post-therapy compared to baseline. These findings suggest that intervention corresponds with greater desynchronization of Mu rhythm in the ipsilesional hemisphere during attempted movements of the impaired hand and this change is related to changes in behavior as a result of the intervention. BCI intervention may be an effective way of addressing the recovery of a stroke impaired UE and studying neuromechanical coupling with motor outputs. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02098265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Remsik
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Leroy Williams
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Klevest Gjini
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keith Dodd
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jaclyn Thoma
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tyler Jacobson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matt Walczak
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew McMillan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shruti Rajan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brittany M. Young
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Clinical Neuroengineering Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zack Nigogosyan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hemali Advani
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosaleena Mohanty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Neelima Tellapragada
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Janerra Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Leo M. Walton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peter L. E. van Kan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Theresa J. Kang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Justin A. Sattin
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Veena A. Nair
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Justin C. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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10
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Remsik AB, Dodd K, Ginji K, van Kan P, Nair V, Farrar Edwarads D, Prabhakaran V. Abstract WP190: Ipsilesional Mu Changes Track With Behavioral Changes in UE BCI Intervention in Stroke Survivors. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.wp190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of motor function is a common deficit following stroke insult and often manifests as persistent upper extremity (UE) disability which can affect a survivor's ability to participate in activities of daily living. Recent research suggests the use of brain-computer interface (BCI) devices might improve UE function in stroke survivors at various times since stroke. This randomized crossover-controlled trial examines whether intervention with this BCI device design attenuates the effects of hemiparesis, encourages reorganization of functional connectivity, and improves movement, as measured by the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). 21 stroke survivors, presenting with varied times since stroke and levels of UE impairment, received a maximum of 18 - 30 hours of intervention with a novel electroencephalogram based BCI driven functional electrical stimulator (EEG-BCI-FES) device. Driven by spectral power recordings from contralateral EEG electrodes during cued attempted grasping of the hand, the EEG-BCI-FES device modulates horizontal movement of a virtual cursor as well as facilitating concurrent FES stimulation of only the impaired upper extremity. Primary outcome measure of function, ARAT was assessed at baseline, mid-therapy, and at completion of therapy. The signed r-squared value (at the ipsilesional C4 or C3 sites) for the Mu (8-12Hz) rhythm significantly decreased in the post-therapy stage compared to the pre-therapy stage (one-tailed paired t-test: t(20)= 1.85; p = 0.039; meanPRE = -0.142; meanPOST = -0.161), while the subject attempted movements of the impaired hand. These findings suggests that as the result of the intervention sessions, the “desynchronization” of the Mu rhythm signals significantly increases post-therapy at the ipsilesional motor site and this change is related to changes in behavior as a result of intervention. BCI intervention may be an effective way of addressing the stroke recovery of a stroke impaired upper extremity.
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11
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Hou J, Nair VA, Williams LM, Tellapragada N, Moreno B, Dodd K, Mohanty R, Kang TJ, Prabhakaran V. Abstract TP95: Whole Brain Gray Matter Structural Changes Following Stroke. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.tp95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Changes in cortical gray matter volume is associated with cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke. Here, we investigated the differences of whole brain gray matter volume and gray matter density between acute stroke patients (AS), patients with risk factors for stroke (RS), and healthy controls (HC).
Methods:
Patients with acute stroke (N = 65, ischemic stroke within 8 days of stroke onset, mean age = 60.64 years, SD = 12.24, SEM = 1.71), patients with risk factors for stroke (N = 27, mean age = 64.12 years, SD = 11.96, SEM = 2.30) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 57, mean age = 58.05 years, SD = 6.06, SEM = 0.80) were scanned on a GE 3T MRI scanner. High-resolution 3D T1-weighted whole brain BRAVO FSPGR images were collected: repetition time = 8160 ms, echo time = 3.18 ms, flip angle = 12°, field-of-view = 100 х 100 mm, slice thickness = 1 mm. Gray matter volume and density changes were assessed using VBM8 toolbox and SPM8, with Gaussian Random Field as multiple comparison (voxel
p
< .001, cluster
p
< .05).
Results:
Two sample t-test indicated that: (1) AS had significantly decreased gray matter volume compared to RS (only on the postcentral gyrus) and HC (in sub-regions of frontal, temporal, occipital lobes, sub-lobar, cerebellum); (2) AS also had significantly decreased gray matter density compared to RS (in sub-regions of frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes, limbic lobe) and to HC (in sub-regions of frontal, temporal, occipital lobes, sub-lobar, limbic lobe, cerebellum) but except two regions with increased density compared to HC (anterior and posterior cingulum). (3) RS had both significantly decreased gray matter volume and density compared to HC (in sub-regions of frontal, temporal, occipital lobes, sub-lobar, cerebellum).
Conclusion:
Compared to RS and HC, AS may induce changes in both gray matter volume and density, which result in subsequent cognitive impairments such as language or working memory. Significant changes in RS indicate that brain and associated behavioral changes in this population merits further investigation before progression to stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veena A Nair
- Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | | | - Keith Dodd
- Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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12
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Bjorklund E, Remsik A, Dodd K, Jacobson T, Mohanty R, Advani H, Allen JD, Thoma JM, Walczak M, Williams L, Mazrooyisebdani M, Tellapragada N, Young BM, Kang TJ, Nair VA, Edwards DF, Williams JF, Prabhakaran V. Abstract WP201: Electroencephalogram Based Brain Computer Interface Therapy for the Restoration of Distal Upper Extremity Motor Function in Chronic Severely Impaired Individuals. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.wp201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Many stroke survivors are often left with persistent upper extremity motor impairment that affect their overall quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of using non-invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) therapy to facilitate distal upper extremity motor function. Data was acquired from 18 participants ((mean age = 60 years, F = 9, M = 9, 5 = sub-chronic (over 1 year from stroke onset), 13 = chronic (less than 1 year)). Behavioral outcomes were measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), a Motor Activity Log (MAL), and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). We investigated whether severely-impaired, chronic stroke survivors could use BCI treatment to recover from stroke at a rate similar to that of severely-impaired, sub-chronic stroke survivors after BCI intervention.
Methods:
EEG data was acquired using BCI2000 software and 16 channel EEG cap with electrodes positioned according to the standard 10-20 system over the sensorimotor cortex at C3 & C4. Participants were cued to move either their left or right hand to control a cursor towards the right or left side of a monitor. Data acquired at baseline (no more than one week prior to BCI therapy) and post-therapy (no more than one week following BCI therapy) were used in this analyses.
Results:
No significant decrease in improvement in the chronic group compared to the sub-chronic group (0.95 confidence interval) was observed. The chronic group showed significant improvement in their affected arm in: MAS elbow flexion (p = 0.03746), MAS finger extension (p = 0.01896), MAL arm use (p = 0.02065), MAL how well they could use their arm (p = 0.02065), SIS perceived strength (p = 0.04105), and SIS arm use for daily life tasks (p = 0.01741).
Conclusion:
For chronic stroke survivors, BCI intervention for restoration of upper extremity motor function may promote recovery at a rate similar to that of sub-chronic survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Remsik
- Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Keith Dodd
- Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matt Walczak
- Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Veena A Nair
- Radiology, Univ of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
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Remsik AB, Dodd K, Williams L, Thoma J, Jacobson T, Allen JD, Advani H, Mohanty R, McMillan M, Rajan S, Walczak M, Young BM, Nigogosyan Z, Rivera CA, Mazrooyisebdani M, Tellapragada N, Walton LM, Gjini K, van Kan PL, Kang TJ, Sattin JA, Nair VA, Edwards DF, Williams JC, Prabhakaran V. Behavioral Outcomes Following Brain-Computer Interface Intervention for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:752. [PMID: 30467461 PMCID: PMC6235950 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of persistent upper extremity (UE) motor disability in adults. Brain-computer interface (BCI) intervention has demonstrated potential as a motor rehabilitation strategy for stroke survivors. This sub-analysis of ongoing clinical trial (NCT02098265) examines rehabilitative efficacy of this BCI design and seeks to identify stroke participant characteristics associated with behavioral improvement. Stroke participants (n = 21) with UE impairment were assessed using Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and measures of function. Nine participants completed three assessments during the experimental BCI intervention period and at 1-month follow-up. Twelve other participants first completed three assessments over a parallel time-matched control period and then crossed over into the BCI intervention condition 1-month later. Participants who realized positive change (≥1 point) in total ARAT performance of the stroke affected UE between the first and third assessments of the intervention period were dichotomized as "responders" (<1 = "non-responders") and similarly analyzed. Of the 14 participants with room for ARAT improvement, 64% (9/14) showed some positive change at completion and approximately 43% (6/14) of the participants had changes of minimal detectable change (MDC = 3 pts) or minimally clinical important difference (MCID = 5.7 points). Participants with room for improvement in the primary outcome measure made significant mean gains in ARATtotal score at completion (ΔARATtotal = 2, p = 0.028) and 1-month follow-up (ΔARATtotal = 3.4, p = 0.0010), controlling for severity, gender, chronicity, and concordance. Secondary outcome measures, SISmobility, SISadl, SISstrength, and 9HPTaffected, also showed significant improvement over time during intervention. Participants in intervention through follow-up showed a significantly increased improvement rate in SISstrength compared to controls (p = 0.0117), controlling for severity, chronicity, gender, as well as the individual effects of time and intervention type. Participants who best responded to BCI intervention, as evaluated by ARAT score improvement, showed significantly increased outcome values through completion and follow-up for SISmobility (p = 0.0002, p = 0.002) and SISstrength (p = 0.04995, p = 0.0483). These findings may suggest possible secondary outcome measure patterns indicative of increased improvement resulting from this BCI intervention regimen as well as demonstrating primary efficacy of this BCI design for treatment of UE impairment in stroke survivors. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02098265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Remsik
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keith Dodd
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Leroy Williams
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Women’s Health Research, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jaclyn Thoma
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tyler Jacobson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Janerra D. Allen
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hemali Advani
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosaleena Mohanty
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matt McMillan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shruti Rajan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matt Walczak
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brittany M. Young
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Clinical Neuroengineering Training Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zack Nigogosyan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cameron A. Rivera
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Neelima Tellapragada
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Leo M. Walton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Klevest Gjini
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peter L.E. van Kan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Theresa J. Kang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Justin A. Sattin
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Veena A. Nair
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dorothy Farrar Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Justin C. Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Dodd K, Brooks NP. The Development of Augmented Reality to Enhance Minimally Invasive Surgery. Surg Technol Int 2017; 31:19-24. [PMID: 29301165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) reduces unnecessary tissue damage to the patient but obscures the natural surgical interface that is provided by open surgical procedures. Multiple feedback mechanisms, mainly visual and tactile, are greatly reduced in MIS. Microscopes, endoscopes, and image-guided navigation traditionally provide enough visual information for successful minimally invasive procedures, although the limited feedback makes these procedures more difficult to learn. Research has been performed to develop alternative solutions that regain additional feedback. Augmented reality (AR), a more recent guidance innovation that overlays digital visual data physically, has begun to be implemented in various applications to improve the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive procedures. This review focuses on the recent implementation of augmented display and direct visual overlay and discusses how these innovations address common feedback concerns associated with minimally invasive surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Dodd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nathaniel P Brooks
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Surgical Interface Design Lab, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Mills RD, Dodd K, Ablavsky A, Devine E, Jiang JJ. Parameters From the Complete Phonatory Range of an Excised Rabbit Larynx. J Voice 2017; 31:517.e9-517.e17. [PMID: 28108153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to collect data throughout the complete phonatory range using rabbit larynges. STUDY DESIGN This is a methodological excised rabbit larynx study. METHODS Seven rabbit larynges were dissected and mounted on a modified excised laryngeal apparatus. Phonation was initiated at phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and airflow was increased by consistent increments until phonation instability pressure (PIP) was reached. At each airflow level, aerodynamic measurements, acoustic recordings, and high-speed videos were recorded. This procedure was repeated at multiple elongation conditions to further explore the parameters. Data were then compared across subjects and elongation conditions. RESULTS At PTP, subglottal pressure, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure level were found to increase significantly as elongation was increased. As elongation was increased at PIP, airflow was found to significantly decrease, whereas fundamental frequency was found to significantly increase. Vibratory amplitude decreased at both PTP and PIP as elongation increased. Also, as elongation increased, the range of all parameters was found to decrease significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained, combined with the similarities of the histologic structure of the vocal fold lamina propria between rabbits and humans, validate the rabbit larynx as an effective and reliable model for tissue inflammation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal D Mills
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Keith Dodd
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alex Ablavsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Erin Devine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jack J Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Lin L, Calawerts W, Dodd K, Jiang JJ. An Objective Parameter for Quantifying the Turbulent Noise Portion of Voice Signals. J Voice 2015; 30:664-669. [PMID: 26474718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, there are no objective measures capable of distinguishing between all four voice signal types proposed by Titze in 1995 and updated by Sprecher in 2010. We propose an objective metric that distinguishes between voice signal types based on the aperiodicity present in a signal. STUDY DESIGN One hundred fifty voice signal samples were randomly selected from the Disordered Voice Database and subjectively sorted into the appropriate voice signal category on the basis of the classification scheme presented in Sprecher 2010. METHODS Short-time Fourier transform was applied to each voice sample to produce a spectrum for each signal. The spectrum of each signal was divided into 250 time segments. Next, these segments were compared to each other and used to calculate an outcome named spectrum convergence ratio (SCR). Finally, the mean SCR was calculated for each of the four voice signal types. RESULTS SCR was capable of significantly differentiating between each of the four voice signal types (P < 0.001). Additionally, this new parameter proved equally as effective at distinguishing between voice signal types as currently available parameters. CONCLUSION SCR was capable of objectively distinguishing between all four voice signal types. This metric could be used by clinicians to quickly and efficiently diagnose voice disorders and monitor improvements in voice acoustical signals during treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Lin
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William Calawerts
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Keith Dodd
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jack J Jiang
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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17
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Zaidi S, MacFarlane K, Dodd K, Ford V, Ward K, Ashcroft H, Cheney J, Molyneux V, Chakrabarti B, O'Reilly J, Duffy N, Angus R, Parker R. P172 Acute NIV and mortality - failure of delivery or patient selection? Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Albariño CG, Shoemaker T, Khristova ML, Wamala JF, Muyembe JJ, Balinandi S, Tumusiime A, Campbell S, Cannon D, Gibbons A, Bergeron E, Bird B, Dodd K, Spiropoulou C, Erickson BR, Guerrero L, Knust B, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Ströher U. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology 2013; 442:97-100. [PMID: 23711383 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, an unprecedented number of four distinct, partially overlapping filovirus-associated viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks were detected in equatorial Africa. Analysis of complete virus genome sequences confirmed the reemergence of Sudan virus and Marburg virus in Uganda, and the first emergence of Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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Abstract
This investigation was carried out on three categories of old birds including cage layers, game birds (ducks and pheasants) and free-range birds. During the study 137,918 carcasses were examined grossly at slaughterhouses and 2040 condemned carcasses underwent detailed post-mortem examination. A total of 419 of the condemned carcasses had nodular lesions. On histological examination of the nodular lesions, one case of bacterial granuloma in a free-range layer, two cases of parasitic granulomata in ducks, 337 cases of different types of tumours and 79 cases of miscellaneous lesions with a nodular appearance were diagnosed. Overall, there was a total condemnation rate of 1.5%. The prevalence of various types of nodular lesions was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talebi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Sims J, Galea M, Taylor N, Dodd K, Jespersen S, Joubert L, Joubert J. Regenerate: assessing the feasibility of a strength-training program to enhance the physical and mental health of chronic post stroke patients with depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009; 24:76-83. [PMID: 18613281 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Regenerate pilot study explored whether a 10-week, community-based progressive resistance training (PRT) program could reduce depressive symptoms in depressed chronic stroke survivors. METHODS Participants were screened for depressive status using the PHQ-9 and confirmed by psychiatric assessment. Eligible people (n = 45) were randomised to PRT or a waiting-list comparison group. The PRT program included two high intensity sessions/week for 10 weeks at a community-based gymnasium. Depressive status, physical and mental health and quality of life were measured at baseline, 10 weeks and 6 months. Muscle strength was assessed using 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) for upper and lower limbs. RESULTS The participants' median age was 69 years: 27 were male. The intervention group had lower depression scores than the comparison group at all time points. At 6-month follow-up, there was a trend for PRT participants to be more likely to be no longer depressed than the comparison group, but the difference was not significant after adjusting for baseline scores. There were modest improvements in health and wellbeing over time, but many scores were lower than reported in non-depressed people. Intervention participants demonstrated significant improvements in strength. Program adherence was good: on average 75% of the 10-week program was completed. CONCLUSIONS The intervention appeared to be feasible within a community-based setting. To optimize stroke recovery and improve the quality of life of stroke survivors, health professionals should continue to focus on helping survivors' mental health recovery as well their physical rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sims
- Healthy Ageing Research Unit, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines aim to improve the safety and quality of patient care by providing clinicians with graded recommendations based on evidence of best practice. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of the introduction of clinical guidelines for allied health professionals, and to estimate the effectiveness of the guideline dissemination and implementation strategies used. METHODS A comprehensive search of six electronic databases to June 2006 and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care database was conducted. Randomised controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before and after studies and interrupted time series studies were included if the intervention was aimed at implementing guidelines in the allied health professions. Articles were screened for eligibility and their methodological quality was assessed; data were extracted independently by two reviewers. RESULTS Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality varied greatly, with the proportion of quality criteria met ranging from 0 to 6 out of seven. In most studies, the effects reported for patient and process outcomes were small and in favour of the intervention group. Of the 14 included studies, 10 focused on educational interventions. Six of the 14 studies used a single intervention strategy and seven used a multi-faceted implementation strategy. One study compared both single and multi-faceted strategies. Multi-faceted interventions were no more effective than single intervention strategies and effects of the same strategy varied across trials. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence to support a set guideline implementation strategy for allied health professionals. When implementing clinical guidelines it is important to first identify specific barriers to change using theoretical frameworks of behaviour change and then develop strategies that deal with these barriers. When measuring the effectiveness of these strategies, professionals should consider the use of both patient and process outcomes and choose outcomes that reflect their aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hakkennes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, LaTrobe University, Bundoora Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Minot
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ruchman
- The Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
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25
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Morris M, Taylor N, Dodd K, Perry A, Skeat J, Unsworth C, Duncombe D, Duckett S. Reliability of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for quantifying disability and health. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2005. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2005.12.8.19536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Morris
- School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - N Taylor
- School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - K Dodd
- School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - A Perry
- School of Human Communication Sciences, LaTrobe University
| | - J Skeat
- School of Human Communication Sciences, LaTrobe University
| | - C Unsworth
- School of Occupational Therapy, LaTrobe University
| | - D Duncombe
- School of Occupational Therapy, LaTrobe University
| | - S Duckett
- School of Public Health, La Trobe University
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to measure changes in walking patterns and self rated fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with age matched control subjects, from the morning to the afternoon within a single day. METHODS Fourteen patients with MS and the same number of matched control subjects performed four 10 m gait trials at their preferred walking speed at 10 00 am and then again at 3 00 pm on the same day. Gait speed, stride length, cadence, and the percentage of the gait cycle spent in double limb support were measured using a foot switch stride analyzer. Patients with MS also self rated their fatigue levels in the morning and afternoon using an 11 point scale. RESULTS Compared with control subjects, patients walked very slowly, with reduced stride length and around twice as much variability in gait performance. Although self rated fatigue significantly increased from the morning to the afternoon, walking patterns remained consistent in both groups over the course of the day. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that mechanisms controlling locomotion are separate from those regulating perceived fatigue. Objective measures of performance, rather than self report, should be used to monitor change in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Morris
- School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Australia.
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27
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Van Duyn MA, Kristal AR, Dodd K, Campbell MK, Subar AF, Stables G, Nebeling L, Glanz K. Association of awareness, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors, and stage of dietary change with fruit and vegetable consumption: a national survey. Am J Health Promot 2001; 16:69-78. [PMID: 11727591 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-16.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations of awareness, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors, and stage of change with consumption of fruits and vegetables. DESIGN Nationally representative, random digit dial survey conducted in 1997 with a response rate of 44.5%. Psychosocial correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption were assessed using regression analyses. SETTING United States. SUBJECTS A total of 2605 adults who were 18 years and older. MEASURES Awareness of the "5 A Day for Better Health" program and its message, along with stage of change; taste preferences; self-efficacy; and perceived benefits, barriers, threats, social support, and norms related to fruit and vegetable consumption. RESULTS Awareness and intrapersonal and interpersonal factors explained 24% of the variance in fruit and vegetable consumption beyond the 9% explained by demographic characteristics. Knowledge of the 5 A Day message was associated with a 22% increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. Self-efficacy for eating fruits and vegetables and taste preferences (affect) were the factors most consistently and strongly associated with both higher consumption and higher likelihood of being in action or maintenance stages of change. Affect and perceived barriers were more strongly associated with increased vegetables and salad than fruit. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intervention programs to increase fruit and vegetable consumption should emphasize the 5 A Day message, increased self-efficacy, and ways to make vegetables more palatable and easily accessible. Understanding the factors that influence dietary choices should be used when designing dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Van Duyn
- Office of Communications, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 31, Room 10A10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Parkinson disease is a progressive neurological condition characterised by hypokinesia (reduced movement), akinesia (absent movement), tremor, rigidity and postural instability. These movement disorders are associated with a slow short-stepped, shuffling gait pattern. Analysis of the biomechanics of gait in response to medication, visual cues, attentional strategies and neurosurgery provides insight into the nature of the motor control deficit in Parkinson disease and the efficacy of current therapeutic interventions. In this article we supplement a critical evaluation of the Parkinson disease gait literature with two case examples. The first case describes the kinematic gait response of an individual with Parkinson disease to visual cues in the "off" phase of the levodopa medication cycle. The second case investigates the biomechanics and motor control of turning during walking in a patient with Parkinson disease compared with elderly and young control subjects. The results are interpreted in light of the need for gait analysis to investigate complex functional walking tasks rather than confining assessment to straight line walking, which has been the trend to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Morris
- School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dodd
- Derbyshire Children's Hospital Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
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30
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Stevens L, Watson K, Dodd K. Supporting parents of children with communication difficulties: a model. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2001; 36 Suppl:70-74. [PMID: 11340847 DOI: 10.3109/13682820109177861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The project focuses on 'shared listening' from a structured developmental framework of 'sound/no sound awareness' to basic 'phonological awareness' linking it to the Foundation Curriculum: Early Years Goals (Department for Education and Employment 2000) and National Literacy Framework (Department for Education and Employment 1998). The project is based around parents borrowing topic bags where their children have been identified by speech and language therapy/specialist language and communication support teachers as having listening/phonological difficulties. Following a simple screening assessment parents borrow the bags weekly for a potential 30 weeks. These have been shown to have an effect on both parental attitudes to helping listening (practically-based and focused) and their children's listening skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stevens
- Sunderland Learning Support Service, Stannington Centre, Stannington Grove, Sunderland, SR2 9JT.
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Ravandi-Kashani F, O'Brien S, Manshouri T, Lerner S, Sim S, Dodd K, Kantarjian H, Freireich E, Keating M, Albitar M. Variations in the low levels of cyclin D1/BCL1 have prognostic value in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2000; 24:469-74. [PMID: 10781679 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(00)00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 (CyD1)/BCL1 (PRAD1) is expressed at high levels in almost all cases of mantle cell leukemia/lymphoma (MCL) and in rare cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The CyD1/BCL1 protein plays an important role in the progression of cells through the G1 phase of cell cycle. Most of the CyD1/BCL1 protein expression studies are performed using immunohistochemistry. We used a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) to quantify CyD1 protein expression in 199 patients with CLL. Of these 137 patients were previously untreated with the rest having had standard chemotherapeutic regimens including alkylating agents and fludarabine before being referred to our center. Median white cell count in these patients was 49x10(3) /microl (range 3.0-438.5x10(3)/microl), hemoglobin level 13.1 g/dl (range 5.2-17.3 g/dl), platelet count 157x10(3) /microl (range 10-377x10(3) /microl), age 58 (range 26-89), and beta2-microglobulin 2.75 mg/dl (range 1.1-14.3). The median radioactivity (CPM) of mononuclear cells obtained from 56 normal individuals was assigned a value of 1. There was no significant variation in CyD1 levels among normal individuals (SD=0. 12). While most CyD1 levels in MCL varied from 6.5 to 15.6, the median CyD1/BCL1 in CLL was 1.4 with 75th percentile under 2.12. Rare CLL cases (3.5%) showed levels between 4 and 8.83. When divided into two groups at the median level, patients with higher CyD1/BCL1 expression had shorter survival (P = 0.03). This remained true when applied only to the previously untreated patients (P=0.05). Despite the relatively low expression, the CyD1/BCL1 levels in univariate analysis were as good or better predictors of survival than Binet (P = 0.03) or Rai (P = 0.05) staging. Furthermore, CyD1/BCL1 levels correlated with serum beta2-microglobulin (P = 0.001), white blood cell count (P = 0.004) and hemoglobin levels at the time of collection (P = 0.0003) but not with lymphocyte count, platelet count or age. The data demonstrate that CyD1/BCL1 is likely to play a significant role in the biology of CLL and can be used as a prognostic indicator. Further studies to clarify the role of CyD1 in the biology of CLL and its value as a prognostic indicator at the time of diagnosis are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ravandi-Kashani
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Medicine, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4095, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends in incidence of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in term infants over a twenty-one year period. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of medical records of all term infants admitted to a neonatal unit with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy during the years 1992-1996 (period C) and a comparison with data from the years 1976-1980 (period A) and 1984-1988 (period B) from the same unit (previously published). SETTING A District Health Authority in Central England serving a population of about 450,000. SAMPLE All term infants admitted with clinical features of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of three grades of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, disability and mortality. RESULTS In each five year period there were similar numbers of births. Over the time-span of this study the stillbirth rate and neonatal mortality rate has consistently fallen. The overall incidence of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in term infants was significantly lower (P < 0.001; OR 0.42 CI 0.29-0.59) in the present study period (C) compared with the earlier study period B (1.9 vs 4.6 per 1,000 total live births). The fall in moderately and severely affected infants between the present and the first study period was significant (1.2 vs 2.6 per 1,000 total live births, P < 0.001: OR 0.46 CI 0.29-0.72). The number of deaths and the incidence of cerebral palsy in survivors fell progressively over the 21 years spanned by this study. CONCLUSION This study shows that the incidence of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and its sequelae in term infants has fallen significantly. The use of cardiotocography and caesarean section rates have risen but the relative contributions of changes in clinical practice are uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smith
- Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Derby, UK
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Marcovitch H, Lynch M, Dodd K. Protecting breast feeding from breast milk substitutes. Royal college supports promotion of breast feeding. BMJ 1998; 317:949-50. [PMID: 9756828 PMCID: PMC1113997 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.317.7163.949a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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McCoy A, Leaver S, Williams E, Dodd K. Therapy methods for cerebral palsy. J Paediatr Child Health 1995; 31:365-6; author reply 367. [PMID: 7576906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1995.tb00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Calvinho LF, Dodd K. Virulence for mice of Staphylococcus aureus strains from bovine mastitis related to colonial morphology and serological types in serum-soft agar. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1994; 41:328-35. [PMID: 7839755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Six Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitic milk representing the typical growth types in soft agar media were injected into mice via the intraperitoneal route. Strains showing diffuse colony morphology (DCM) in serum-soft agar (SSA) as a permanent characteristic which reacted against anti-capsular sera types A, B, and D were virulent for mice. A strain showing DCM in SSA that reacted only against anti-capsular serum D behaved as a compact-colony-morphology-type strain in the peritoneal cavity of the mouse. Diffuse-type colony morphology and presence of capsular antigens type A, B, and D correlated with increased virulence for mice, but a capsule could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Calvinho
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Dodd K. BPA's response to Clothier inquiry. West J Med 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.308.6941.1441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dodd K, Coleman JR. Home care & managed care--prospective partners. Caring 1994; 13:68-71. [PMID: 10132672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Health care reform will soon be upon both home care and managed care. Can the two industries meet and accomplish their mutual goal of providing cost-effective, high-quality care?
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dodd
- Corridor Group, Overland Park, KS
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Calvinho LF, Donnelly WJ, Dodd K. Effect of partially purified Staphylococcus aureus beta-haemolysin on the mammary gland of the mouse. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1993; 40:559-68. [PMID: 8122445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1993.tb00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Partially purified Staphylococcus aureus Beta-haemolysin and a S. aureus strain (FGH28), isolated from a clinical case of bovine mastitis, known to produce in vitro Beta-, but neither Alpha- nor Delta-haemolysins were each injected separately into the mammary gland of mice. Relative purity and in vitro biological activities of this preparation were assessed. The effects of both the partially purified preparation and the S. aureus strain injected were assessed in terms of mortality, clinical appearance, macroscopic and microscopic changes, recovery of organisms from the inoculated glands and biological activity in supernatants from ground mammary glands. When injected alone, partially purified Beta-Haemolysin was not found to be an important virulence factor, being a diffuse infiltration of neutrophils into the alveoli the pathological effect observed following its inoculation. Vascular lesions were observed, in the most severe cases, following injection of S. aureus FGH28.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Calvinho
- Department of Farm Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Dodd K. Neonatal intensive care. Staff must be experienced. BMJ 1993; 307:65-6. [PMID: 8343700 PMCID: PMC1678480 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.307.6895.65-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hull
- Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Derby
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Abstract
An 11 year old boy from whom Salmonella typhi had been isolated was treated with ciprofloxacin. He developed non-oliguric acute renal failure that was treated successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simpson
- Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Derby
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Abstract
A survey was carried out in a random sample of 123 dairy farms from the east of Ireland. The monthly mean production per cow was 315 l of milk and 11.5 kg of fat. The mean log herd somatic cell count was 5.45 (arithmetic mean = 372,573 cells/ml), with almost 50% of the monthly counts over 300,000 cells/ml in a 12-month period. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed to assess the relative impact of the personal characteristics of the farmer and the management policies he applied on the amount and quality of the milk produced. In five out of six models the group of variables related to farmers' attitudes, values, and sociodemographic profile explained a similar or greater amount (between 14.44 and 34.35%) of the variation of farm performance than the group of management variables (between 14.33 and 25.99%) as measured by the R2. These results stress the importance of the human factors in explaining variation in farm performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Tarabla
- Department of Farm Animal Clinical Studies, University College Dublin, Ballsbridge, Ireland
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Dodd K, Ryan PB. Client benefits of a home health agency-based drug regimen review. Caring 1988; 7:52-3. [PMID: 10287743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Abstract
Tissues from 130 wild deer shot by hunters in County Wicklow, Ireland in 1983-1984 were examined for evidence of tuberculosis. The tissues examined included the lymph nodes of the head, the lung substances and associated lymph nodes, the hepatic lymph nodes and kidneys. Gross lesions were found in five deer. Mycobacteria isolated from the tissues were classified as Mycobacterium bovis on the basis of cultural, biochemical and biological tests in guinea pigs and rabbits.
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Dodd K. Injured small animals: sex and age distribution. Vet Rec 1978; 102:428. [PMID: 654063 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102.19.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dodd K. Skin lesions associated with Cheyletiella yasguri infestation. J Ir Med Assoc 1970; 63:413-4. [PMID: 5529119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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