1
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Blaskovich MAT, Hansford KA, Butler MS, Ramu S, Kavanagh AM, Jarrad AM, Prasetyoputri A, Pitt ME, Huang JX, Lindahl F, Ziora ZM, Bradford T, Muldoon C, Rajaratnam P, Pelingon R, Edwards DJ, Zhang B, Amado M, Elliott AG, Zuegg J, Coin L, Woischnig AK, Khanna N, Breidenstein E, Stincone A, Mason C, Khan N, Cho HK, Karau MJ, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Patel R, Wootton M, James ML, Hutton ML, Lyras D, Ogunniyi AD, Mahdi LK, Trott DJ, Wu X, Niles S, Lewis K, Smith JR, Barber KE, Yim J, Rice SA, Rybak MJ, Ishmael CR, Hori KR, Bernthal NM, Francis KP, Roberts JA, Paterson DL, Cooper MA. A lipoglycopeptide antibiotic for Gram-positive biofilm-related infections. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj2381. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections are still a substantial burden on the public health system, with two bacteria (
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
) accounting for over 1.5 million drug-resistant infections in the United States alone in 2017. In 2019, 250,000 deaths were attributed to these pathogens globally. We have developed a preclinical glycopeptide antibiotic, MCC5145, that has excellent potency (MIC
90
≤ 0.06 μg/ml) against hundreds of isolates of methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) and other Gram-positive bacteria, with a greater than 1000-fold margin over mammalian cell cytotoxicity values. The antibiotic has therapeutic in vivo efficacy when dosed subcutaneously in multiple murine models of established bacterial infections, including thigh infection with MRSA and blood septicemia with
S. pneumoniae
, as well as when dosed orally in an antibiotic-induced
Clostridioides difficile
infection model. MCC5145 exhibited reduced nephrotoxicity at microbiologically active doses in mice compared to vancomycin. MCC5145 also showed improved activity against biofilms compared to vancomycin, both in vitro and in vivo, and a low propensity to select for drug resistance. Characterization of drug action using a transposon library bioinformatic platform showed a mechanistic distinction from other glycopeptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karl A. Hansford
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark S. Butler
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Soumya Ramu
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angela M. Kavanagh
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angie M. Jarrad
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anggia Prasetyoputri
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Miranda E. Pitt
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Johnny X. Huang
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fredrik Lindahl
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tanya Bradford
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig Muldoon
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Premraj Rajaratnam
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ruby Pelingon
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Edwards
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bing Zhang
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maite Amado
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alysha G. Elliott
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuegg
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan Coin
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anne-Kathrin Woischnig
- University and University Hospital of Basel, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Biology Laboratory Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- University and University Hospital of Basel, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Biology Laboratory Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Breidenstein
- Summit Therapeutics, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3FT, UK
| | - Anna Stincone
- Summit Therapeutics, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3FT, UK
| | - Clive Mason
- Summit Therapeutics, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3FT, UK
| | - Nawaz Khan
- Summit Therapeutics, The Works, Unity Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3FT, UK
| | - Hye-Kyung Cho
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Melissa J. Karau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit Public Health Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales
| | - Meagan L. James
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Hutton
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Abiodun D. Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Layla K. Mahdi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha Niles
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordan R. Smith
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Katie E. Barber
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Juwon Yim
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Seth Alan Rice
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael J. Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Chad R. Ishmael
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kellyn R. Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin P. Francis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- PerkinElmer, 68 Elm Street, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA
| | - Jason A. Roberts
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
- Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - David L. Paterson
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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2
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Kenney DJ, O’Connell AK, Turcinovic J, Montanaro P, Hekman RM, Tamura T, Berneshawi AR, Cafiero TR, Al Abdullatif S, Blum B, Goldstein SI, Heller BL, Gertje HP, Bullitt E, Trachtenberg AJ, Chavez E, Nono ET, Morrison C, Tseng AE, Sheikh A, Kurnick S, Grosz K, Bosmann M, Ericsson M, Huber BR, Saeed M, Balazs AB, Francis KP, Klose A, Paragas N, Campbell JD, Connor JH, Emili A, Crossland NA, Ploss A, Douam F. Humanized mice reveal a macrophage-enriched gene signature defining human lung tissue protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110714. [PMID: 35421379 PMCID: PMC8977517 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunological mechanisms defining the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain elusive. This knowledge gap is mostly driven by the lack of appropriate experimental platforms recapitulating human immune responses in a controlled human lung environment. Here, we report a mouse model (i.e., HNFL mice) co-engrafted with human fetal lung xenografts (fLX) and a myeloid-enhanced human immune system to identify cellular and molecular correlates of lung protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unlike mice solely engrafted with human fLX, HNFL mice are protected against infection, severe inflammation, and histopathological phenotypes. Lung tissue protection from infection and severe histopathology associates with macrophage infiltration and differentiation and the upregulation of a macrophage-enriched signature composed of 11 specific genes mainly associated with the type I interferon signaling pathway. Our work highlights the HNFL model as a transformative platform to investigate, in controlled experimental settings, human myeloid immune mechanisms governing lung tissue protection during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin J. Kenney
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife K. O’Connell
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige Montanaro
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M. Hekman
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Thomas R. Cafiero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Salam Al Abdullatif
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing Core, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Blum
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanley I. Goldstein
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigitte L. Heller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander J. Trachtenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chavez
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evans Tuekam Nono
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amira Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna Kurnick
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Animal Science Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Grosz
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Animal Science Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Neal Paragas
- In Vivo Analytics, Inc., New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology Imaging Research Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing Core, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author
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3
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Wang Y, Borthwell RM, Hori K, Clarkson S, Blumstein G, Park H, Hart CM, Hamad CD, Francis KP, Bernthal NM, Phillips KS. In vitro and in vivo methods to study bacterial colonization of hydrogel dermal fillers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1932-1941. [PMID: 35352867 PMCID: PMC10371418 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo methods to study bacterial interactions with dermal fillers and infection pathogenesis are lacking. In this work, first in vitro methods to assess protein biofouling and effective pore size of commercial dermal fillers, including degradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based fillers and other semi-degradable or permanent fillers (non-HA), were developed. The results were then related to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) adhesion rates in vitro. HA fillers had less protein sorption than non-HA fillers and overall had smaller effective pore sizes. The properties correlated with levels of bacterial adhesion, where the control glass surface had the most rapid increase in bacterial cell adhesion, with a slope of 0.29 cm-2 min-1 , three unique non-HA fillers had intermediate adhesion with slopes of 0.11 and 0.06 cm-2 min-1 , and three unique HA fillers had the least adhesion with slopes of 0.02, 0.02, and 0.01 cm-2 min-1 . S. aureus had greater motility on the HA fillers than on non-HA fillers. Next, a mouse model for dermal filler biofilm and infection was developed. Mice were inoculated with a controlled amount of bioluminescent bacteria (Xen36 S. aureus) and polyacrylamide hydrogels of different stiffness were injected. In vivo bioluminescence was monitored longitudinally for 35 days to ensure that lasting colonization was established. The inoculum was optimized to achieve adequate bioluminescent signal, and bacterial bioburden over time and inter-animal variability in bioburden were determined. These in vitro and in vivo approaches can be used for future studies of antimicrobial interventions for dermal fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel M Borthwell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kellyn Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samuel Clarkson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gideon Blumstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Howard Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Hart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher D Hamad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin P Francis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - K Scott Phillips
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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4
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Carossino M, Kenney D, O’Connell AK, Montanaro P, Tseng AE, Gertje HP, Grosz KA, Ericsson M, Huber BR, Kurnick SA, Subramaniam S, Kirkland TA, Walker JR, Francis KP, Klose AD, Paragas N, Bosmann M, Saeed M, Balasuriya UBR, Douam F, Crossland NA. Fatal Neurodissemination and SARS-CoV-2 Tropism in K18-hACE2 Mice Is Only Partially Dependent on hACE2 Expression. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030535. [PMID: 35336942 PMCID: PMC8955233 DOI: 10.3390/v14030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models recapitulating COVID-19 are critical to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Intranasally inoculated transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2) represent a lethal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We evaluated the clinical and virological dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 using two intranasal doses (104 and 106 PFUs), with a detailed spatiotemporal pathologic analysis of the 106 dose cohort. Despite generally mild-to-moderate pneumonia, clinical decline resulting in euthanasia or death was commonly associated with hypothermia and viral neurodissemination independent of inoculation dose. Neuroinvasion was first observed at 4 days post-infection, initially restricted to the olfactory bulb suggesting axonal transport via the olfactory neuroepithelium as the earliest portal of entry. Absence of viremia suggests neuroinvasion occurs independently of transport across the blood-brain barrier. SARS-CoV-2 tropism was neither restricted to ACE2-expressing cells (e.g., AT1 pneumocytes), nor inclusive of some ACE2-positive cell lineages (e.g., bronchiolar epithelium and brain vasculature). Absence of detectable ACE2 protein expression in neurons but overexpression in neuroepithelium suggest this as the most likely portal of neuroinvasion, with subsequent ACE2 independent lethal neurodissemination. A paucity of epidemiological data and contradicting evidence for neuroinvasion and neurodissemination in humans call into question the translational relevance of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA; (M.C.); (U.B.R.B.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA
| | - Devin Kenney
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aoife K. O’Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Paige Montanaro
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anna E. Tseng
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hans P. Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Kyle A. Grosz
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Bertrand R. Huber
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Susanna A. Kurnick
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Saravanan Subramaniam
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Thomas A. Kirkland
- Promega Biosciences, LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (T.A.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Joel R. Walker
- Promega Biosciences, LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA; (T.A.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | | | | | - Neal Paragas
- InVivo Analytics Inc., New York, NY 10023, USA; (A.D.K.); (N.P.)
- Department of Radiology Imaging Research Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98133, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LADDL), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA; (M.C.); (U.B.R.B.)
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 61329, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (N.A.C.); Tel.: +1-(617)-358-9174 (F.D.); +1-(617)-358-9285 (N.A.C.)
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (D.K.); (A.K.O.); (P.M.); (A.E.T.); (H.P.G.); (K.A.G.); (S.A.K.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (N.A.C.); Tel.: +1-(617)-358-9174 (F.D.); +1-(617)-358-9285 (N.A.C.)
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5
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La Carpia F, Slate A, Bandyopadhyay S, Wojczyk BS, Godbey EA, Francis KP, Prestia K, Hod EA. Red blood cell transfusion-induced non-transferrin-bound iron promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in human sera and mortality in catheterized mice. Br J Haematol 2022; 196:1105-1110. [PMID: 34726258 PMCID: PMC8831455 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Transfusion of storage-damaged red blood cells (RBCs) increases non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) levels in humans. This can potentially enhance virulence of microorganisms. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa replication and biofilm production in vitro correlated with NTBI levels of transfused subjects (R2 = 0·80; P < 0·0001). Transfusion of stored RBCs into catheterized mice enhanced P. aeruginosa virulence and mortality in vivo, while pre-administration of apotransferrin reduced NTBI levels improving survival (69% vs 27% mortality; P < 0·05). These results suggest that longer RBC storage, by modulating the bioavailability of iron, may increase the risk of P. aeruginosa biofilm-related infections in transfused patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca La Carpia
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Slate
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheila Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Science, Division of Life Science, School of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Boguslaw S. Wojczyk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Godbey
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Kevin Prestia
- Division of Comparative Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Huebinger RM, Do DH, Carlson DL, Yao X, Stones DH, De Souza Santos M, Vaz DP, Keen E, Wolf SE, Minei JP, Francis KP, Orth K, Krachler AM. Bacterial adhesion inhibitor prevents infection in a rodent surgical incision model. Virulence 2021; 11:695-706. [PMID: 32490711 PMCID: PMC7550027 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1772652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical site infection risk continues to increase due to lack of efficacy in current standard of care drugs. New methods to treat or prevent antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are needed. Multivalent Adhesion Molecules (MAM) are bacterial adhesins required for virulence. We developed a bacterial adhesion inhibitor using recombinant MAM fragment bound to polymer scaffold, mimicking MAM7 display on the bacterial surface. Here, we test MAM7 inhibitor efficacy to prevent Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections. Using a rodent model of surgical infection, incision sites were infected with antibiotic-resistant bioluminescent strains of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infections were treated with MAM7 inhibitor or control suspension. Bacterial abundance was quantified for nine days post infection. Inflammatory responses and histology were characterized using fixed tissue sections. MAM7 inhibitor treatment decreased burden of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa below detection threshold. Bacterial load of groups treated with control were significantly higher than MAM7 inhibitor-treated groups. Treatment with inhibitor reduced colonization of clinically-relevant pathogens in an in vivo model of surgical infection. Use of MAM7 inhibitor to block initial adhesion of bacteria to tissue in surgical incisions may reduce infection rates, presenting a strategy to mitigate overuse of antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D H Do
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D L Carlson
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - X Yao
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D H Stones
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University of Gloucestershire, School of Natural and Social Sciences , Cheltenham, UK
| | - M De Souza Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D P Vaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School , Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Keen
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - S E Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA.,UTMB Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children , Galveston, TX, USA
| | - J P Minei
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Acute Care Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - K Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A M Krachler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School , Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Kadurugamuwa JL, Modi K, Yu J, Francis KP, Orihuela C, Tuomanen E, Purchio AF, Contag PR. Non-binary gender markers: Mobility, migration, and media reception in Europe and beyond. European Journal of Women's Studies 2021; 4:137-42. [PMID: 16105511 DOI: 10.1177/13505068211024891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Although European Union legal frameworks tend to conceive of sex and gender in binary terms, a growing number of countries in Europe and around the world have been increasingly allowing for third gender markers and non-binary possibilities in identity documents, passports, and public registries, of which the X marker in the sex or gender field has become the most common. However, initiatives like the X, which may initially signal trans-friendliness, must be considered alongside heightened border surveillance. As more and more European countries begin to follow this trend of expanding possibilities for registering (non-binary) gender (e.g. Malta, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands), we look here to some illustrative examples (e.g. Nepal, Canada, Pakistan) that have been at the forefront of non-binary legal recognition to interrogate the complications and conundrums that these developments may provoke in European contexts.
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8
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Yevtodiyenko A, Bazhin A, Khodakivskyi P, Godinat A, Budin G, Maric T, Pietramaggiori G, Scherer SS, Kunchulia M, Eppeldauer G, Polyakov SV, Francis KP, Bryan JN, Goun EA. Portable bioluminescent platform for in vivo monitoring of biological processes in non-transgenic animals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2680. [PMID: 33976191 PMCID: PMC8113525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is one of the most powerful and widely used preclinical imaging modalities. However, the current technology relies on the use of transgenic luciferase-expressing cells and animals and therefore can only be applied to a limited number of existing animal models of human disease. Here, we report the development of a “portable bioluminescent” (PBL) technology that overcomes most of the major limitations of traditional BLI. We demonstrate that the PBL method is capable of noninvasive measuring the activity of both extracellular (e.g., dipeptidyl peptidase 4) and intracellular (e.g., cytochrome P450) enzymes in vivo in non-luciferase-expressing mice. Moreover, we successfully utilize PBL technology in dogs and human cadaver, paving the way for the translation of functional BLI to the noninvasive quantification of biological processes in large animals. The PBL methodology can be easily adapted for the noninvasive monitoring of a plethora of diseases across multiple species. Bioluminescence imaging tends to rely on transgenic luciferase-expressing cells and animals. Here the authors report a portable bioluminescent system to non-invasively measure intra- and extracellular enzymes in vivo in non-transgenic animals which do not express luciferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Yevtodiyenko
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Arkadiy Bazhin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pavlo Khodakivskyi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Aurelien Godinat
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ghyslain Budin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Maric
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Pietramaggiori
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Plastic Surgery, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandra S Scherer
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Plastic Surgery, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Kunchulia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - George Eppeldauer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sergey V Polyakov
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kevin P Francis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Elena A Goun
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
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9
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Aime S, Amirshaghaghi A, Angel PM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Atreya R, Awe S, Badea CT, Beekman FJ, Biade S, Borden MA, Brunsing RL, Chandrasekharan P, Chang JB, Chen F, Chen JW, Chen X, Cheng Z, Cheng Z, Cherin E, Clinthorne NH, Cohen J, Colson C, Conolly S, Contag CH, Cutler CS, Dayton PA, Devoogdt N, Dina O, Drake RR, Dubsky S, Ducongé F, Fellows BD, Foster FS, Francis KP, Fung BK, Gambhir SS, Gao R, Giovenzana GB, Goodwill P, Goorden MC, Gorpas D, Grimm J, Groll AN, Hargus S, Harmsen S, He S, Hensley D, Hutton BF, Huynh Q, Iagaru A, Josephson L, Jurisson SS, Keselman P, Kircher MF, Kokate T, Konkle J, Korsen JA, Krasniqi A, Laniyonu A, Levin CS, Lewis MR, Lewis JS, Liu G, Liu Y, Looger LL, Lu K, Lu Y, Lucignani G, Lyons SK, Maina T, Martelli C, Matheson AM, Mempel TR, Meng LJ, Moradi F, Nagle VL, Neurath MF, Nicolson F, Nie L, Ntziachristos V, Orendorff R, Ottobrini L, Ouyang Y, Paez Segala MG, Parraga G, Perez-Liva M, Pratt EC, Rao J, Rath T, Rodriguez E, Rosenthal EL, Ross BD, Saayujya C, Saritas EU, Scott DA, Sheth VR, Slagle C, Tamura R, Tavitian B, Tay ZW, Terreno E, Thakur M, Thompson C, Tian J, Travagin F, Tsourkas A, Tully KM, Usmani SM, VanBrocklin HF, van Keulen S, van Zijl PC, Walmer RW, Wang C, Wang J, Wang LV, Xavier C, Yao J, Yu EY, Zheng X, Zheng B, Zhou XY. Contributors. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.01002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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10
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Bispo M, Anaya-Sanchez A, Suhani S, Raineri EJM, López-Álvarez M, Heuker M, Szymański W, Romero Pastrana F, Buist G, Horswill AR, Francis KP, van Dam GM, van Oosten M, van Dijl JM. Fighting Staphylococcus aureus infections with light and photoimmunoconjugates. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139512. [PMID: 33048846 PMCID: PMC7710284 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Resistant lineages were previously confined to hospitals but are now also causing infections among healthy individuals in the community. It is therefore imperative to explore therapeutic avenues that are less prone to raise drug resistance compared with today’s antibiotics. An opportunity to achieve this ambitious goal could be provided by targeted antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which relies on the combination of a bacteria-specific targeting agent and light-induced generation of ROS by an appropriate photosensitizer. Here, we conjugated the near-infrared photosensitizer IRDye700DX to a fully human mAb, specific for the invariantly expressed staphylococcal antigen immunodominant staphylococcal antigen A (IsaA). The resulting immunoconjugate 1D9-700DX was characterized biochemically and in preclinical infection models. As demonstrated in vitro, in vivo, and in a human postmortem orthopedic implant infection model, targeted aPDT with 1D9-700DX is highly effective. Importantly, combined with the nontoxic aPDT-enhancing agent potassium iodide, 1D9-700DX overcomes the antioxidant properties of human plasma and fully eradicates high titers of MRSA. We show that the developed immunoconjugate 1D9-700DX targets MRSA and kills it upon illumination with red light, without causing collateral damage to human cells. An immunoconjugate for targeted photodynamic therapy of Staphylococcus aureus infections kills MRSA with high efficacy upon illumination with red light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wiktor Szymański
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Intensive Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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11
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Sheppard WL, Mosich GM, Smith RA, Hamad CD, Park HY, Zoller SD, Trikha R, McCoy TK, Borthwell R, Hoang J, Truong N, Cevallos N, Clarkson S, Hori KR, van Dijl JM, Francis KP, Petrigliano FA, Bernthal NM. Novel in vivo mouse model of shoulder implant infection. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:1412-1424. [PMID: 32014357 PMCID: PMC11037115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are used to guide management of periprosthetic implant infections. No adequate model exists for periprosthetic shoulder infections, and clinicians thus have no preclinical tools to assess potential therapeutics. We hypothesize that it is possible to establish a mouse model of shoulder implant infection (SII) that allows noninvasive, longitudinal tracking of biofilm and host response through in vivo optical imaging. The model may then be employed to validate a targeting probe (1D9-680) with clinical translation potential for diagnosing infection and image-guided débridement. METHODS A surgical implant was press-fit into the proximal humerus of c57BL/6J mice and inoculated with 2 μL of 1 × 103 (e3), or 1 × 104 (e4), colony-forming units (CFUs) of bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus Xen-36. The control group received 2 μL sterile saline. Bacterial activity was monitored in vivo over 42 days, directly (bioluminescence) and indirectly (targeting probe). Weekly radiographs assessed implant loosening. CFU harvests, confocal microscopy, and histology were performed. RESULTS Both inoculated groups established chronic infections. CFUs on postoperative day (POD) 42 were increased in the infected groups compared with the sterile group (P < .001). By POD 14, osteolysis was visualized in both infected groups. The e4 group developed catastrophic bone destruction by POD 42. The e3 group maintained a congruent shoulder joint. Targeting probes helped to visualize low-grade infections via fluorescence. DISCUSSION Given bone destruction in the e4 group, a longitudinal, noninvasive mouse model of SII and chronic osteolysis was produced using e3 of S aureus Xen-36, mimicking clinical presentations of chronic SII. CONCLUSION The development of this model provides a foundation to study new therapeutics, interventions, and host modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Sheppard
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Gina M Mosich
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Ryan A Smith
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Hamad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Stephen D Zoller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Rishi Trikha
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana K McCoy
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Borthwell
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Hoang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Truong
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Cevallos
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Clarkson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kellyn R Hori
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kevin P Francis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA; PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, MA, USA
| | - Frank A Petrigliano
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
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12
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Kelley BV, Hamad C, Zoller SD, Greig D, Mamouei Z, Chun R, Hori K, Cevallos N, Ishmael C, Hsiue P, Trikha R, Sekimura T, Gettleman B, Golzar A, Lin A, Olson T, Chaudry A, Le MM, Scaduto AA, Francis KP, Bernthal NM. In vivo Mouse Model of Spinal Implant Infection. J Vis Exp 2020:10.3791/60560. [PMID: 32658180 PMCID: PMC8601786 DOI: 10.3791/60560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spine implant infections portend poor outcomes as diagnosis is challenging and surgical eradication is at odds with mechanical spinal stability. The purpose of this method is to describe a novel mouse model of spinal implant infection (SII) that was created to provide an inexpensive, rapid, and accurate in vivo tool to test potential therapeutics and treatment strategies for spinal implant infections. In this method, we present a model of posterior-approach spinal surgery in which a stainless-steel k-wire is transfixed into the L4 spinous process of 12-week old C57BL/6J wild-type mice and inoculated with 1 x 103 CFU of a bioluminescent strain of Staphylococcus aureus Xen36 bacteria. Mice are then longitudinally imaged for bioluminescence in vivo on post-operative days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21, 25, 28, and 35. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) signals from a standardized field of view are quantified to measure in vivo bacterial burden. To quantify bacteria adhering to implants and peri-implant tissue, mice are euthanized and the implant and surrounding soft tissue are harvested. Bacteria are detached from the implant by sonication, cultured overnight and then colony forming units (CFUs) are counted. The results acquired from this method include longitudinal bacterial counts as measured by in vivo S. aureus bioluminescence (mean maximum flux) and CFU counts following euthanasia. While prior animal models of instrumented spine infection have involved invasive, ex vivo tissue analysis, the mouse model of SII presented in this paper leverages noninvasive, real time in vivo optical imaging of bioluminescent bacteria to replace static tissue study. Applications of the model are broad and may include utilizing alternative bioluminescent bacterial strains, incorporating other types of genetically engineered mice to contemporaneously study host immune response, and evaluating current or investigating new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities such as antibiotics or implant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin V Kelley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Christopher Hamad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Stephen D Zoller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Danielle Greig
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Zeinab Mamouei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Rene Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Kellyn Hori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Nicolas Cevallos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Chad Ishmael
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Peter Hsiue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Rishi Trikha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Troy Sekimura
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Brandon Gettleman
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, University of South Carolina
| | - Autreen Golzar
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Adrian Lin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Thomas Olson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Ameen Chaudry
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Michael M Le
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Anthony A Scaduto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Kevin P Francis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles
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13
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Archer NK, Wang Y, Ortines RV, Liu H, Nolan SJ, Liu Q, Alphonse MP, Dikeman DA, Mazhar M, Miller RJ, Anderson LS, Francis KP, Simon SI, Miller LS. Preclinical Models and Methodologies for Monitoring Staphylococcus aureus Infections Using Noninvasive Optical Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2069:197-228. [PMID: 31523776 PMCID: PMC7745539 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9849-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In vivo whole-animal optical (bioluminescence and fluorescence) imaging of Staphylococcus aureus infections has provided the opportunity to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor the dynamics of the bacterial burden and ensuing host immune responses in live anesthetized animals. Herein, we describe several different mouse models of S. aureus skin infection, skin inflammation, incisional/excisional wound infections, as well as mouse and rabbit models of orthopedic implant infection, which utilized this imaging technology. These animal models and imaging methodologies provide insights into the pathogenesis of these infections and innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as the preclinical evaluation of diagnostic and treatment modalities. Noninvasive approaches to investigate host-pathogen interactions are extremely important as virulent community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains (CA-MRSA) are spreading through the normal human population, becoming more antibiotic resistant and creating a serious threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina J Nolan
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin P Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dustin A Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Momina Mazhar
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leif S Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Miller RJ, Crosby HA, Schilcher K, Wang Y, Ortines RV, Mazhar M, Dikeman DA, Pinsker BL, Brown ID, Joyce DP, Zhang J, Archer NK, Liu H, Alphonse MP, Czupryna J, Anderson WR, Bernthal NM, Fortuno-Miranda L, Bulte JWM, Francis KP, Horswill AR, Miller LS. Development of a Staphylococcus aureus reporter strain with click beetle red luciferase for enhanced in vivo imaging of experimental bacteremia and mixed infections. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16663. [PMID: 31723175 PMCID: PMC6853927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo bioluminescence imaging has been used to monitor Staphylococcus aureus infections in preclinical models by employing bacterial reporter strains possessing a modified lux operon from Photorhabdus luminescens. However, the relatively short emission wavelength of lux (peak 490 nm) has limited tissue penetration. To overcome this limitation, the gene for the click beetle (Pyrophorus plagiophtalamus) red luciferase (luc) (with a longer >600 emission wavelength), was introduced singly and in combination with the lux operon into a methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain. After administration of the substrate D-luciferin, the luc bioluminescent signal was substantially greater than the lux signal in vitro. The luc signal had enhanced tissue penetration and improved anatomical co-registration with infected internal organs compared with the lux signal in a mouse model of S. aureus bacteremia with a sensitivity of approximately 3 × 104 CFU from the kidneys. Finally, in an in vivo mixed bacterial wound infection mouse model, S. aureus luc signals could be spectrally unmixed from Pseudomonas aeruginosa lux signals to noninvasively monitor the bacterial burden of both strains. Therefore, the S. aureus luc reporter may provide a technological advance for monitoring invasive organ dissemination during S. aureus bacteremia and for studying bacterial dynamics during mixed infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heidi A Crosby
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Katrin Schilcher
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Momina Mazhar
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dustin A Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bret L Pinsker
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabelle D Brown
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel P Joyce
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin P Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Lea Fortuno-Miranda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Kevin P Francis
- PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.,Denver VA Healthcare System, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
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15
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Miyazaki T, Gharib SA, Hsu YWA, Xu K, Khodakivskyi P, Kobayashi A, Paragas J, Klose AD, Francis KP, Dubikovskaya E, Page-McCaw PS, Barasch J, Paragas N. Cell-specific image-guided transcriptomics identifies complex injuries caused by ischemic acute kidney injury in mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:326. [PMID: 31508501 PMCID: PMC6718519 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney's inherent complexity has made identifying cell-specific pathways challenging, particularly when temporally associating them with the dynamic pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we combine renal cell-specific luciferase reporter mice using a chemoselective luciferin to guide the acquisition of cell-specific transcriptional changes in C57BL/6 background mice. Hydrogen peroxide generation, a common mechanism of tissue damage, was tracked using a peroxy-caged-luciferin to identify optimum time points for immunoprecipitation of labeled ribosomes for RNA-sequencing. Together, these tools revealed a profound impact of AKI on mitochondrial pathways in the collecting duct. In fact, targeting the mitochondria with an antioxidant, ameliorated not only hydrogen peroxide generation, but also significantly reduced oxidative stress and the expression of the AKI biomarker, LCN2. This integrative approach of coupling physiological imaging with transcriptomics and drug testing revealed how the collecting duct responds to AKI and opens new venues for cell-specific predictive monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Miyazaki
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- 2Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sina A Gharib
- 3Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Yun-Wei A Hsu
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Katherine Xu
- 4Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Pavlo Khodakivskyi
- 5Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | | | | | | | - Elena Dubikovskaya
- 5Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick S Page-McCaw
- 9Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- 4Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Neal Paragas
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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16
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Tian X, Hellman J, Horswill AR, Crosby HA, Francis KP, Prakash A. Corrigendum: Elevated Gut Microbiome-Derived Propionate Levels Are Associated With Reduced Sterile Lung Inflammation and Bacterial Immunity in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:518. [PMID: 30972040 PMCID: PMC6443955 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00159.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Heidi A Crosby
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kevin P Francis
- Preclinical Imaging, PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, MA, United States
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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17
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Tian X, Hellman J, Horswill AR, Crosby HA, Francis KP, Prakash A. Elevated Gut Microbiome-Derived Propionate Levels Are Associated With Reduced Sterile Lung Inflammation and Bacterial Immunity in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:159. [PMID: 30891007 PMCID: PMC6413706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are important dietary and microbiome metabolites that can have roles in gut immunity as well as further afield. We previously observed that gut microbiome alteration via antibiotics led to attenuated lung inflammatory responses. The rationale for this study was to identify gut microbiome factors that regulate lung immune homeostasis. We first investigated key factors within mouse colonic lumen filtrates (CLF) which could elicit direct inflammatory effects in vitro. We identified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and SCFAs as key CLF ingredients whose levels and inflammatory capacity changed after antibiotic exposure in mice. Specifically, the SCFA propionate appeared to be a key regulator of LPS responses in vitro. Elevated propionate: acetate ratios, as seen in CLF after antibiotic exposure, strongly blunted inflammatory responses in vitro. In vivo, exposure of lungs to high dose propionate, to mimic how prior antibiotic exposure changed SCFA levels, resulted in diminished immune containment of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Finally, we discovered an enrichment of propionate-producing gut bacteria in mice with reduced lung inflammation following lung ischemia reperfusion injury in vivo. Overall, our data show that propionate levels can distinctly modulate lung immune responses in vitro and in vivo and that gut microbiome increased production of propionate is associated with reduced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexander R. Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Heidi A. Crosby
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Approved by: Frontiers in Microbiology Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
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18
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Zoller SD, Park HY, Olafsen T, Zamilpa C, Burke ZD, Blumstein G, Sheppard WL, Hamad CD, Hori KR, Tseng JC, Czupryna J, McMannus C, Lee JT, Bispo M, Romero Pastrana F, Raineri EJ, Miller JF, Miller LS, van Dijl JM, Francis KP, Bernthal NM. Multimodal imaging guides surgical management in a preclinical spinal implant infection model. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124813. [PMID: 30728332 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spine implant infections portend disastrous outcomes, as diagnosis is challenging and surgical eradication is at odds with mechanical spinal stability. Current imaging modalities can detect anatomical alterations and anomalies but cannot differentiate between infection and aseptic loosening, diagnose specific pathogens, or delineate the extent of an infection. Herein, a fully human monoclonal antibody 1D9, recognizing the immunodominant staphylococcal antigen A on the surface of Staphylococcus aureus, was assessed as a nuclear and fluorescent imaging probe in a preclinical model of S. aureus spinal implant infection, utilizing bioluminescently labeled bacteria to confirm the specificity and sensitivity of this targeting. Postoperative mice were administered 1D9 probe dual labeled with 89-zirconium (89Zr) and a bars represent SEM dye (NIR680) (89Zr-NIR680-1D9), and PET-CT and in vivo fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging were performed. The 89Zr-NIR680-1D9 probe accurately diagnosed both acute and subacute implant infection and permitted fluorescent image-guided surgery for selective debridement of infected tissue. Therefore, a single probe could noninvasively diagnose an infection and facilitate image-guided surgery to improve the clinical management of implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Zoller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Howard Y Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles Zamilpa
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zachary Dc Burke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Gideon Blumstein
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - William L Sheppard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | | | - Kellyn R Hori
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jason T Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mafalda Bispo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Francisco Romero Pastrana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Jm Raineri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jeffery F Miller
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Department of Dermatology, and.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kevin P Francis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA.,PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
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19
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Thompson JM, Miller RJ, Ashbaugh AG, Dillen CA, Pickett JE, Wang Y, Ortines RV, Sterling RS, Francis KP, Bernthal NM, Cohen TS, Tkaczyk C, Yu L, Stover CK, DiGiandomenico A, Sellman BR, Thorek DL, Miller LS. Mouse model of Gram-negative prosthetic joint infection reveals therapeutic targets. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121737. [PMID: 30185667 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm infections of implantable medical devices decrease the effectiveness of antibiotics, creating difficult-to-treat chronic infections. Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are particularly problematic because they require prolonged antibiotic courses and reoperations to remove and replace the infected prostheses. Current models to study PJI focus on Gram-positive bacteria, but Gram-negative PJI (GN-PJI) are increasingly common and are often more difficult to treat, with worse clinical outcomes. Herein, we sought to develop a mouse model of GN-PJI to investigate the pathogenesis of these infections and identify potential therapeutic targets. An orthopedic-grade titanium implant was surgically placed in the femurs of mice, followed by infection of the knee joint with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli. We found that in vitro biofilm-producing activity was associated with the development of an in vivo orthopedic implant infection characterized by bacterial infection of the bone/joint tissue, biofilm formation on the implants, reactive bone changes, and inflammatory immune cell infiltrates. In addition, a bispecific antibody targeting P. aeruginosa virulence factors (PcrV and Psl exopolysaccharide) reduced the bacterial burden in vivo. Taken together, our findings provide a preclinical model of GN-PJI and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting biofilm-associated antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julie E Pickett
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, and
| | | | | | - Kevin P Francis
- PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | | | | | - Li Yu
- Statistical Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Lj Thorek
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Department of Dermatology, and.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Momcilovic M, Bailey ST, Lee JT, Zamilpa C, Jones A, Abdelhady G, Mansfield J, Francis KP, Shackelford DB. Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30080208 PMCID: PMC6126521 DOI: 10.3791/57167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of advanced tumors is a switch to aerobic glycolysis that is readily measured by [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging. Co-mutations in the KRAS proto-oncogene and the LKB1 tumor suppressor gene are frequent events in lung cancer that drive hypermetabolic, glycolytic tumor growth. A critical pathway regulating the growth and metabolism of these tumors is the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which can be effectively targeted using selective catalytic mTOR kinase inhibitors. The mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 suppresses glycolysis in mice bearing tumors with Kras and Lkb1 co-mutations, referred to as KL mice. The therapy response in KL mice is first measured by 18F-FDG PET and computed tomography (CT) imaging before and after the delivery of MLN0128. By utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT, researchers are able to measure dynamic changes in the glucose metabolism in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of lung cancer following a therapeutic intervention with targeted therapies. This is followed by ex vivo autoradiography and a quantitative immunohistochemical (qIHC) analysis using morphometric software. The use of qIHC enables the detection and quantification of distinct changes in the biomarker profiles following treatment as well as the characterization of distinct tumor pathologies. The coupling of PET imaging to quantitative histology is an effective strategy to identify metabolic and therapeutic responses in vivo in mouse models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Momcilovic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine
| | | | - Jason T Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Charles Zamilpa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Anthony Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Gihad Abdelhady
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine
| | | | - Kevin P Francis
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - David B Shackelford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine;
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21
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Abstract
Recently developed 3D noninvasive in vivo optical imaging is providing fresh insights into the understanding of the pathogenesis of invasive bacteria in small animal experimental models. Here, we describe the advantages of 3D diffuse light imaging tomography with integrated micro-computed tomography (DLIT-μCT) over more traditional 2D systems, in particular with regard to precise localization of infectious foci within tissues in 3D space. We highlight data from rodent studies that employ experimental infections replicating the course of naturally occurring bacterial disease, such as invasive Escherichia coli infections that arise following colonization of the GI tract in neonatal rats. It is argued that this technology will find increasing utility in the study and diagnosis of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Taylor
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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22
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Romero Pastrana F, Thompson JM, Heuker M, Hoekstra H, Dillen CA, Ortines RV, Ashbaugh AG, Pickett JE, Linssen MD, Bernthal NM, Francis KP, Buist G, van Oosten M, van Dam GM, Thorek DLJ, Miller LS, van Dijl JM. Noninvasive optical and nuclear imaging of Staphylococcus-specific infection with a human monoclonal antibody-based probe. Virulence 2017; 9:262-272. [PMID: 29166841 PMCID: PMC5955194 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1403004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infections are a major threat in healthcare, requiring adequate early-stage diagnosis and treatment. This calls for novel diagnostic tools that allow noninvasive in vivo detection of staphylococci. Here we performed a preclinical study to investigate a novel fully-human monoclonal antibody 1D9 that specifically targets the immunodominant staphylococcal antigen A (IsaA). We show that 1D9 binds invariantly to S. aureus cells and may further target other staphylococcal species. Importantly, using a human post-mortem implant model and an in vivo murine skin infection model, preclinical feasibility was demonstrated for 1D9 labeled with the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye800CW to be applied for direct optical imaging of in vivo S. aureus infections. Additionally, 89Zirconium-labeled 1D9 could be used for positron emission tomography imaging of an in vivo S. aureus thigh infection model. Our findings pave the way towards clinical implementation of targeted imaging of staphylococcal infections using the human monoclonal antibody 1D9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero Pastrana
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - John M Thompson
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Marjolein Heuker
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Hedzer Hoekstra
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Carly A Dillen
- c Department of Dermatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- c Department of Dermatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Alyssa G Ashbaugh
- c Department of Dermatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Julie E Pickett
- d Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Matthijs D Linssen
- e Department of Gastroentrology and Hepatology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands.,f Department of clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- g Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center , Santa Monica , CA , USA
| | - Kevin P Francis
- g Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center , Santa Monica , CA , USA.,h PerkinElmer , Alameda , California , CA , USA.,i Department of Surgery , Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Girbe Buist
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Oosten
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- i Department of Surgery , Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- d Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,j Department of Oncology , Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,c Department of Dermatology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,k Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1, Groningen , RB , The Netherlands
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23
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Tian X, Sun H, Casbon AJ, Lim E, Francis KP, Hellman J, Prakash A. NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediates Dormant Neutrophil Recruitment following Sterile Lung Injury and Protects against Subsequent Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1337. [PMID: 29163464 PMCID: PMC5671513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile lung injury is an important clinical problem that complicates the course of severely ill patients. Interruption of blood flow, namely ischemia-reperfusion (IR), initiates a sterile inflammatory response in the lung that is believed to be maladaptive. The rationale for this study was to elucidate the molecular basis for lung IR inflammation and whether it is maladaptive or beneficial. Using a mouse model of lung IR, we demonstrate that sequential blocking of inflammasomes [specifically, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)], inflammatory caspases, and interleukin (IL)-1β, all resulted in an attenuated inflammatory response. IL-1β production appeared to predominantly originate in conjunction with alveolar type 2 epithelial cells. Lung IR injury recruited unactivated or dormant neutrophils producing less reactive oxygen species thereby challenging the notion that recruited neutrophils are terminally activated. However, lung IR inflammation was able to limit or reduce the bacterial burden from subsequent experimentally induced pneumonia. Notably, inflammasome-deficient mice were unable to alter this bacterial burden following IR. Thus, we conclude that the NLRP3 inflammasome, through IL-1β production, regulates lung IR inflammation, which includes recruitment of dormant neutrophils. The sterile IR inflammatory response appears to serve an important function in inducing resistance to subsequent bacterial pneumonia and may constitute a critical part of early host responses to infection in trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - He Sun
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amy-Jo Casbon
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Edward Lim
- Preclinical Imaging, PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, MA, United States
| | - Kevin P Francis
- Preclinical Imaging, PerkinElmer, Hopkinton, MA, United States
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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24
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Ur Rahman S, Stanton M, Casey PG, Spagnuolo A, Bensi G, Hill C, Francis KP, Tangney M, Gahan CGM. Development of a Click Beetle Luciferase Reporter System for Enhanced Bioluminescence Imaging of Listeria monocytogenes: Analysis in Cell Culture and Murine Infection Models. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1797. [PMID: 29018414 PMCID: PMC5622934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that is widely used as a model organism for the analysis of infection biology. In this context, there is a current need to develop improved reporters for enhanced bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of the pathogen in infection models. We have developed a click beetle red luciferase (CBR-luc) based vector (pPL2CBRopt) expressing codon optimized CBR-luc under the control of a highly expressed Listerial promoter (PHELP) for L. monocytogenes and have compared this to a lux-based system expressing bacterial luciferase for BLI of the pathogen using in vitro growth experiments and in vivo models. The CBR-luc plasmid stably integrates into the L. monocytogenes chromosome and can be used to label field isolates and laboratory strains of the pathogen. Growth experiments revealed that CBR-luc labeled L. monocytogenes emits a bright signal in exponential phase that is maintained during stationary phase. In contrast, lux-labeled bacteria produced a light signal that peaked during exponential phase and was significantly reduced during stationary phase. Light from CBR-luc labeled bacteria was more efficient than the signal from lux-labeled bacteria in penetrating an artificial tissue depth assay system. A cell invasion assay using C2Bbe1 cells and a systemic murine infection model revealed that CBR-luc is suited to BLI approaches and demonstrated enhanced sensitivity relative to lux in the context of Listeria infection models. Overall, we demonstrate that this novel CBR reporter system provides efficient, red-shifted light production relative to lux and may have significant applications in the analysis of L. monocytogenes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Michael Stanton
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Pat G Casey
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mark Tangney
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,SynBio Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,SynBio Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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25
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Witcomb LA, Czupryna J, Francis KP, Frankel G, Taylor PW. Non-invasive three-dimensional imaging of Escherichia coli K1 infection using diffuse light imaging tomography combined with micro-computed tomography. Methods 2017; 127:62-68. [PMID: 28522324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to two-dimensional bioluminescence imaging, three dimensional diffuse light imaging tomography with integrated micro-computed tomography (DLIT-μCT) has the potential to realise spatial variations in infection patterns when imaging experimental animals dosed with derivatives of virulent bacteria carrying bioluminescent reporter genes such as the lux operon from the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. The method provides an opportunity to precisely localise the bacterial infection sites within the animal and enables the generation of four-dimensional movies of the infection cycle. Here, we describe the use of the PerkinElmer IVIS SpectrumCT in vivo imaging system to investigate progression of lethal systemic infection in neonatal rats following colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract with the neonatal pathogen Escherichia coli K1. We confirm previous observations that these bacteria stably colonize the colon and small intestine following feeding of the infectious dose from a micropipette; invading bacteria migrate across the gut epithelium into the blood circulation and establish foci of infection in major organs, including the brain. DLIT-μCT revealed novel multiple sites of colonisation within the alimentary canal, including the tongue, oesophagus and stomach, with penetration of the non-keratinised oesophageal epithelial surface, providing strong evidence of a further major site for bacterial dissemination. We highlight technical issues associated with imaging of infections in new born rat pups and show that the whole-body and organ bioburden correlates with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luci A Witcomb
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | | | | | - Gad Frankel
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Peter W Taylor
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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26
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Hu Y, Hegde V, Johansen D, Loftin AH, Dworsky E, Zoller SD, Park HY, Hamad CD, Nelson GE, Francis KP, Scaduto A, Bernthal NM. Combinatory antibiotic therapy increases rate of bacterial kill but not final outcome in a novel mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus spinal implant infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173019. [PMID: 28245229 PMCID: PMC5330510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of spine implant infections (SII) are challenging. Explantation of infected spinal hardware can destabilize the spine, but retention can lead to cord compromise and biofilm formation, complicating management. While vancomycin monotherapy is commonly used, in vitro studies have shown reduced efficacy against biofilm compared to combination therapy with rifampin. Using an established in vivo mouse model of SII, we aim to evaluate whether combination therapy has increased efficacy compared to both vancomycin alone and infected controls. Methods An L-shaped, Kirschner-wire was transfixed into the L4 spinous process of 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice, and inoculated with bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus. Mice were randomized into a vancomycin group, a combination group with vancomycin plus rifampin, or a control group receiving saline. Treatment began on post-operative day (POD) 7 and continued through POD 14. In vivo imaging was performed to monitor bioluminescence for 35 days. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were cultured on POD 35. Results Bioluminescence peaked around POD 7 for all groups. The combination group had a 10-fold decrease in signal by POD 10. The vancomycin and control groups reached similar levels on POD 17 and 21, respectively. On POD 25 the combination group dropped below baseline, but rebounded to the same level as the other groups, demonstrating a biofilm-associated infection by POD 35. Quantification of CFUs on POD 35 confirmed an ongoing infection in all three groups. Conclusions Although both therapies were initially effective, they were not able to eliminate implant biofilm bacteria, resulting in a rebound infection after antibiotic cessation. This model shows, for the first time, why histologic-based, static assessments of antimicrobials can be misleading, and the importance of longitudinal tracking of infection. Future studies can use this model to test combinations of antibiotic therapies to see if they are more effective in eliminating biofilm prior to human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Vishal Hegde
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel Johansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda H. Loftin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Erik Dworsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Zoller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Howard Y. Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Hamad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - George E. Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kevin P. Francis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony Scaduto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas M. Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kong Y, Yang D, Cirillo SLG, Li S, Akin A, Francis KP, Maloney T, Cirillo JD. Application of Fluorescent Protein Expressing Strains to Evaluation of Anti-Tuberculosis Therapeutic Efficacy In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149972. [PMID: 26934495 PMCID: PMC4774912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), hinders development of new diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. Using non-invasive real-time imaging technologies to monitor the disease process in live animals would facilitate TB research in all areas. We developed fluorescent protein (FP) expressing Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains for in vivo imaging, which can be used to track bacterial location, and to quantify bacterial load in live animals. We selected an optimal FP for in vivo imaging, by first cloning six FPs: tdTomato, mCherry, mPlum, mKate, Katushka and mKeima, into mycobacteria under either a mycobacterial Hsp60 or L5 promoter, and compared their fluorescent signals in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence from each FP-expressing strain was measured with a multimode reader using the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths for the FP. After normalizing bacterial numbers with optical density, the strain expressing L5-tdTomato displayed the highest fluorescence. We used the tdTomato-labeled M. bovis BCG to obtain real-time images of pulmonary infections in living mice and rapidly determined the number of bacteria present. Further comparison between L5-tdTomato and Hsp60-tdTomato revealed that L5-tdTomato carried four-fold more tdTomato gene copies than Hsp60-tdTomato, which eventually led to higher protein expression of tdTomato. Evaluating anti-TB efficacy of rifampicin and isoniazid therapy in vitro and in vivo using the L5-tdTomato strain demonstrated that this strain can be used to identify anti-TB therapeutic efficacy as quickly as 24 h post-treatment. These M. bovis BCG reporter strains represent a valuable new tool for evaluation of therapeutics, vaccines and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Suat L. G. Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shaoji Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ali Akin
- Caliper Life Sciences, PerkinElmer, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin P. Francis
- Caliper Life Sciences, PerkinElmer, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taylor Maloney
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
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Abstract
This chapter describes the use of whole-body bioluminescent imaging (BLI) for the study of bacterial trafficking in live mice, with an emphasis on the use of bacteria in therapy of cancer. Bacteria present an attractive class of vector for cancer therapy, possessing a natural ability to grow preferentially within tumors following systemic administration. Bacteria engineered to express the lux gene cassette permit BLI detection of the bacteria and tumor sites concurrently. The location and levels of bacteria within tumors over time can be readily examined, visualized in two or three dimensions. The method is applicable to a wide range of bacterial species and tumor xenograft types. This article describes the protocol for analysis of bioluminescent bacteria within subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice. This powerful, and inexpensive, real-time imaging strategy represents an ideal method for the study of bacteria in vivo in the context of cancer research. This protocol outlines the procedure for studying lux-tagged Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium breve in mice, demonstrating the spatial and temporal readout from 2D and 3D BLI achievable with whole-body in vivo luminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cronin
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali R Akin
- Preclinical Imaging, PerkinElmer, Alameda, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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29
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Tran V, Poole DS, Jeffery JJ, Sheahan TP, Creech D, Yevtodiyenko A, Peat AJ, Francis KP, You S, Mehle A. Multi-Modal Imaging with a Toolbox of Influenza A Reporter Viruses. Viruses 2015; 7:5319-27. [PMID: 26473913 PMCID: PMC4632381 DOI: 10.3390/v7102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reporter viruses are useful probes for studying multiple stages of the viral life cycle. Here we describe an expanded toolbox of fluorescent and bioluminescent influenza A reporter viruses. The enhanced utility of these tools enabled kinetic studies of viral attachment, infection, and co-infection. Multi-modal bioluminescence and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of infected animals revealed that antiviral treatment reduced viral load, dissemination, and inflammation. These new technologies and applications will dramatically accelerate in vitro and in vivo influenza virus studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Tran
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Daniel S Poole
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Justin J Jeffery
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Antiviral Discovery Performance Unit, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Donald Creech
- GlaxoSmithKline, Antiviral Discovery Performance Unit, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | - Andrew J Peat
- GlaxoSmithKline, Antiviral Discovery Performance Unit, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | - Shihyun You
- GlaxoSmithKline, Antiviral Discovery Performance Unit, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Andrew Mehle
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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30
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Vorobyeva AG, Stanton M, Godinat A, Lund KB, Karateev GG, Francis KP, Allen E, Gelovani JG, McCormack E, Tangney M, Dubikovskaya EA. Development of a Bioluminescent Nitroreductase Probe for Preclinical Imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131037. [PMID: 26110789 PMCID: PMC4482324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nitroreductases (NTRs) have been widely utilized in the development of novel antibiotics, degradation of pollutants, and gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) of cancer that reached clinical trials. In case of GDEPT, since NTR is not naturally present in mammalian cells, the prodrug is activated selectively in NTR-transformed cancer cells, allowing high efficiency treatment of tumors. Currently, no bioluminescent probes exist for sensitive, non-invasive imaging of NTR expression. We therefore developed a "NTR caged luciferin" (NCL) probe that is selectively reduced by NTR, producing light proportional to the NTR activity. Here we report successful application of this probe for imaging of NTR in vitro, in bacteria and cancer cells, as well as in vivo in mouse models of bacterial infection and NTR-expressing tumor xenografts. This novel tool should significantly accelerate the development of cancer therapy approaches based on GDEPT and other fields where NTR expression is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhelika G. Vorobyeva
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stanton
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aurélien Godinat
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kjetil B. Lund
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Grigory G. Karateev
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Elizabeth Allen
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juri G. Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elena A. Dubikovskaya
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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31
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van Oosten M, Hahn M, Crane LMA, Pleijhuis RG, Francis KP, van Dijl JM, van Dam GM. Targeted imaging of bacterial infections: advances, hurdles and hopes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:892-916. [PMID: 26109599 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections represent an increasing problem in modern health care, in particular due to ageing populations and accumulating bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Diagnosis is rarely straightforward and consequently treatment is often delayed or indefinite. Therefore, novel tools that can be clinically implemented are urgently needed to accurately and swiftly diagnose infections. Especially, the direct imaging of infections is an attractive option. The challenge of specifically imaging bacterial infections in vivo can be met by targeting bacteria with an imaging agent. Here we review the current status of targeted imaging of bacterial infections, and we discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. Indeed, significant progress has been made in this field and the clinical implementation of targeted imaging of bacterial infections seems highly feasible. This was recently highlighted by the use of so-called smart activatable probes and a fluorescently labelled derivative of the antibiotic vancomycin. A major challenge remains the selection of the best imaging probes, and we therefore present a set of target selection criteria for clinical implementation of targeted bacterial imaging. Altogether, we conclude that the spectrum of potential applications for targeted bacterial imaging is enormous, ranging from fundamental research on infectious diseases to diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia M A Crane
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick G Pleijhuis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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32
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Paragas N, Kulkarni R, Werth M, Schmidt-Ott KM, Forster C, Deng R, Zhang Q, Singer E, Klose AD, Shen TH, Francis KP, Ray S, Vijayakumar S, Seward S, Bovino ME, Xu K, Takabe Y, Amaral FE, Mohan S, Wax R, Corbin K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Mori K, Johnson L, Nickolas T, D’Agati V, Lin CS, Qiu A, Al-Awqati Q, Ratner AJ, Barasch J. α–Intercalated cells defend the urinary system from bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2014. [DOI: 10.1172/jci79744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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33
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Bernthal NM, Taylor BN, Meganck JA, Wang Y, Shahbazian JH, Niska JA, Francis KP, Miller LS. Combined in vivo optical and µCT imaging to monitor infection, inflammation, and bone anatomy in an orthopaedic implant infection in mice. J Vis Exp 2014:e51612. [PMID: 25350287 DOI: 10.3791/51612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimodality imaging has emerged as a common technological approach used in both preclinical and clinical research. Advanced techniques that combine in vivo optical and μCT imaging allow the visualization of biological phenomena in an anatomical context. These imaging modalities may be especially useful to study conditions that impact bone. In particular, orthopaedic implant infections are an important problem in clinical orthopaedic surgery. These infections are difficult to treat because bacterial biofilms form on the foreign surgically implanted materials, leading to persistent inflammation, osteomyelitis and eventual osteolysis of the bone surrounding the implant, which ultimately results in implant loosening and failure. Here, a mouse model of an infected orthopaedic prosthetic implant was used that involved the surgical placement of a Kirschner-wire implant into an intramedullary canal in the femur in such a way that the end of the implant extended into the knee joint. In this model, LysEGFP mice, a mouse strain that has EGFP-fluorescent neutrophils, were employed in conjunction with a bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus strain, which naturally emits light. The bacteria were inoculated into the knee joints of the mice prior to closing the surgical site. In vivo bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging was used to quantify the bacterial burden and neutrophil inflammatory response, respectively. In addition, μCT imaging was performed on the same mice so that the 3D location of the bioluminescent and fluorescent optical signals could be co-registered with the anatomical μCT images. To quantify the changes in the bone over time, the outer bone volume of the distal femurs were measured at specific time points using a semi-automated contour based segmentation process. Taken together, the combination of in vivo bioluminescent/fluorescent imaging with μCT imaging may be especially useful for the noninvasive monitoring of the infection, inflammatory response and anatomical changes in bone over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Bernthal
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | | | | | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jared A Niska
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | | | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
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Stellari FF, Sala A, Donofrio G, Ruscitti F, Caruso P, Topini TM, Francis KP, Li X, Carnini C, Civelli M, Villetti G. Azithromycin inhibits nuclear factor-κB activation during lung inflammation: an in vivo imaging study. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00058. [PMID: 25505605 PMCID: PMC4186419 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied in vivo the potential involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of azithromycin in the lung. Mice transiently transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of a NF-κB responsive element were used to assess in vivo NF-κB activation by bioluminescence imaging. Bioluminescence as well as inflammatory cells and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, were monitored in an acute model of pulmonary inflammation resulting from intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation induced a marked increase in lung bioluminescence in mice transiently transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of an NF-κB responsive element, with significant luciferase expression in resident cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells, as assessed by duoplex immunofluorescence staining. Activation of NF-κB and inflammatory cell lung infiltration linearly correlated when different doses of bortezomib were used to inhibit NF-κB activation. Pretreatment with azithromycin significantly decreased lung bioluminescence and airways cell infiltration induced by LPS, also reducing proinflammatory cytokines concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavages and inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. The results obtained using a novel approach to monitor NF-κB activation, provided, for the first time, in vivo evidence that azithromycin treatment results in pulmonary anti-inflammatory activity associated with the inhibition of NF-κB activation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano Milano, Italy ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IBIM Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruscitti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università di Parma Parma, Italy
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Slate AR, Bandyopadhyay S, Francis KP, Papich MG, Karolewski B, Hod EA, Prestia KA. Efficacy of enrofloxacin in a mouse model of sepsis. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2014; 53:381-386. [PMID: 25199094 PMCID: PMC4113238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the efficacy of enrofloxacin administered by 2 different routes in a mouse model of sepsis. Male CD1 mice were infected with a bioluminescent strain of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and treated with enrofloxacin either by injection or in drinking water. Peak serum levels were evaluated by using HPLC. Mice were monitored for signs of clinical disease, and infections were monitored by using bioluminescence imaging. Serum levels of enrofloxacin and the active metabolite ciprofloxacin were greater in the group treated by injection than in controls or the groups treated by administration in drinking water. Survival of the group treated with enrofloxacin injection was greater than that of controls and groups treated with enrofloxacin in the drinking water. Bioluminescence in the group treated with enrofloxacin injection was less than that in the groups treated with oral administration at 12 h and in the groups treated orally and the control group at 16 h. According to these findings, we recommend the use of injectable enrofloxacin at 5 mg/kg SC for mice with systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Slate
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sheila Bandyopadhyay
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Mark G Papich
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Karolewski
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eldad A Hod
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin A Prestia
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Paragas N, Kulkarni R, Werth M, Schmidt-Ott KM, Forster C, Deng R, Zhang Q, Singer E, Klose AD, Shen TH, Francis KP, Ray S, Vijayakumar S, Seward S, Bovino ME, Xu K, Takabe Y, Amaral FE, Mohan S, Wax R, Corbin K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Mori K, Johnson L, Nickolas T, D'Agati V, Lin CS, Qiu A, Al-Awqati Q, Ratner AJ, Barasch J. α-Intercalated cells defend the urinary system from bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2963-76. [PMID: 24937428 DOI: 10.1172/jci71630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Intercalated cells (A-ICs) within the collecting duct of the kidney are critical for acid-base homeostasis. Here, we have shown that A-ICs also serve as both sentinels and effectors in the defense against urinary infections. In a murine urinary tract infection model, A-ICs bound uropathogenic E. coli and responded by acidifying the urine and secreting the bacteriostatic protein lipocalin 2 (LCN2; also known as NGAL). A-IC-dependent LCN2 secretion required TLR4, as mice expressing an LPS-insensitive form of TLR4 expressed reduced levels of LCN2. The presence of LCN2 in urine was both necessary and sufficient to control the urinary tract infection through iron sequestration, even in the harsh condition of urine acidification. In mice lacking A-ICs, both urinary LCN2 and urinary acidification were reduced, and consequently bacterial clearance was limited. Together these results indicate that A-ICs, which are known to regulate acid-base metabolism, are also critical for urinary defense against pathogenic bacteria. They respond to both cystitis and pyelonephritis by delivering bacteriostatic chemical agents to the lower urinary system.
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Prestia K, Bandyopadhyay S, Slate A, Francis RO, Francis KP, Spitalnik SL, Fidock DA, Brittenham GM, Hod EA. Transfusion of stored blood impairs host defenses against Gram-negative pathogens in mice. Transfusion 2014; 54:2842-51. [PMID: 24840185 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human red blood cell (RBC) units may be refrigerator stored for up to 42 days, transfusion of older RBCs acutely delivers a large bolus of iron to mononuclear phagocytes. Similarly, iron dextran circulates in plasma for hours to days and is progressively cleared by mononuclear phagocytes, which return iron to plasma. Finally, malaria infection continuously delivers iron to macrophages by intra- and extravascular hemolysis. Studies suggest that iron administration increases infectious risk. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To assess the effects of increased iron availability on susceptibility to infection, we infected mice with model Gram-negative intracellular or extracellular pathogens (Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli, respectively), accompanied by RBC transfusion, iron dextran administration, or malarial coinfection. RESULTS In our mouse models, transfusion of older RBCs exacerbates infection with both Gram-negative pathogens. Although iron dextran exacerbates E. coli infection to a similar extent as transfusion of corresponding amounts of iron, higher iron doses are required to produce comparable effects with S. typhimurium. Coinfection of mice with Plasmodium yoelii and S. typhimurium produces overwhelming Salmonella sepsis. Finally, treating mice with antibiotics abrogates the enhancing effect on E. coli infection of both older RBC transfusion and iron dextran administration. CONCLUSIONS Transfusion of older RBCs exacerbates Gram-negative infection to a similar extent as malaria coinfection or iron dextran administration. Appropriate antibiotic therapy abrogates the effect of older RBC transfusions on infection with E. coli. Iron delivery to macrophages may be an underappreciated mechanism mediating, at least some, adverse effects of RBC transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Prestia
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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Patel AR, Lim E, Francis KP, Singh M. Opening up the optical imaging window using nano-luciferin. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3073-84. [PMID: 24831312 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to formulate nanoparticles of D-luciferin (Nano-Luc), DiR (Nano-DiR) and dual functional nanoparticles with DiR and luciferin (Nano-LucDiR) for in-vivo imaging as well as tracking of the nanoparticles in tumors. METHODS Nano-Luc and Nano-LucDiR were prepared using different lipids, and subsequently characterized for loading and entrapment efficiency, physical properties, release profile, toxicity and stability. We utilized Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the nanoparticles using design of experiment (DOE Vr.8.0). Nano-Luc was evaluated against free luciferin to establish its pharmacokinetic parameters in mice. In-vivo imaging of tumors and tracking of nanoparticles was carried out with an IVIS® Spectrum-CT (Caliper) using xenograft, orthotopic and metastatic tumor models in BALB/c nude mice with different cell lines and different routes of nanoparticle administration (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous). RESULTS Particle size of both Nano-Luc and Nano-LucDiR were found to be <200 nm. Nano-Luc formulation showed a slow and controlled release upto 72 h (90%) in vitro. The optimized Nano-Luc had loading efficiency of 5.0 mg/ml with 99% encapsulation efficiency. Nano-Luc and Nano-LucDiR formulations had good shelf stability. Nano-Luc and Nano-LucDiR enhanced plasma half-life of luciferin compared to free luciferin thus providing longer circulation of luciferin in plasma enabling imaging of tumors for more than 24 h. Nano-LucDiR allowed simultaneous bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging to be conducted, with three-dimensional reconstruct of tumors without losing either signal during the acquisition time. CONCLUSION Nano-Luc and Nano-LucDiR allowed prolonged reproducible in-vivo imaging of tumors, especially during multimodality 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva R Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA
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van Oosten M, Schäfer T, Gazendam JAC, Ohlsen K, Tsompanidou E, de Goffau MC, Harmsen HJM, Crane LMA, Lim E, Francis KP, Cheung L, Olive M, Ntziachristos V, van Dijl JM, van Dam GM. Real-time in vivo imaging of invasive- and biomaterial-associated bacterial infections using fluorescently labelled vancomycin. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2584. [PMID: 24129412 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive and biomaterial-associated infections in humans are often difficult to diagnose and treat. Here, guided by recent advances in clinically relevant optical imaging technologies, we explore the use of fluorescently labelled vancomycin (vanco-800CW) to specifically target and detect infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. The application potential of vanco-800CW for real-time in vivo imaging of bacterial infections is assessed in a mouse myositis model and a human post-mortem implant model. We show that vanco-800CW can specifically detect Gram-positive bacterial infections in our mouse myositis model, discriminate bacterial infections from sterile inflammation in vivo and detect biomaterial-associated infections in the lower leg of a human cadaver. We conclude that vanco-800CW has a high potential for enhanced non-invasive diagnosis of infections with Gram-positive bacteria and is a promising candidate for early-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen van Oosten
- 1] Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands [2] Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, BioOptical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, UMCG, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
This protocol outlines the steps required to longitudinally monitor a bioluminescent bacterial infection using composite 3D diffuse light imaging tomography with integrated μCT (DLIT-μCT) and the subsequent use of this data to generate a four dimensional (4D) movie of the infection cycle. To develop the 4D infection movies and to validate the DLIT-μCT imaging for bacterial infection studies using an IVIS Spectrum CT, we used infection with bioluminescent C. rodentium, which causes self-limiting colitis in mice. In this protocol, we outline the infection of mice with bioluminescent C. rodentium and non-invasive monitoring of colonization by daily DLIT-μCT imaging and bacterial enumeration from feces for 8 days. The use of the IVIS Spectrum CT facilitates seamless co-registration of optical and μCT scans using a single imaging platform. The low dose μCT modality enables the imaging of mice at multiple time points during infection, providing detailed anatomical localization of bioluminescent bacterial foci in 3D without causing artifacts from the cumulative radiation. Importantly, the 4D movies of infected mice provide a powerful analytical tool to monitor bacterial colonization dynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James William Collins
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Division of Cell & Molecular Biology, Imperial College London
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Byrne WL, DeLille A, Kuo C, de Jong JS, van Dam GM, Francis KP, Tangney M. Use of optical imaging to progress novel therapeutics to the clinic. J Control Release 2013; 172:523-34. [PMID: 23680286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an undisputed need for employment and improvement of robust technology for real-time analyses of therapeutic delivery and responses in clinical translation of gene and cell therapies. Over the past decade, optical imaging has become the in vivo imaging modality of choice for many preclinical laboratories due to its efficiency, practicality and affordability, while more recently, the clinical potential for this technology is becoming apparent. This review provides an update on the current state of the art in in vivo optical imaging and discusses this rapidly improving technology in the context of it representing a translation enabler or indeed a future clinical imaging modality in its own right.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Byrne
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, BioScience Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
This video describes the use of whole body bioluminesce imaging (BLI) for the study of bacterial trafficking in live mice, with an emphasis on the use of bacteria in gene and cell therapy for cancer. Bacteria present an attractive class of vector for cancer therapy, possessing a natural ability to grow preferentially within tumors following systemic administration. Bacteria engineered to express the lux gene cassette permit BLI detection of the bacteria and concurrently tumor sites. The location and levels of bacteria within tumors over time can be readily examined, visualized in two or three dimensions. The method is applicable to a wide range of bacterial species and tumor xenograft types. This article describes the protocol for analysis of bioluminescent bacteria within subcutaneous tumor bearing mice. Visualization of commensal bacteria in the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by BLI is also described. This powerful, and cheap, real-time imaging strategy represents an ideal method for the study of bacteria in vivo in the context of cancer research, in particular gene therapy, and infectious disease. This video outlines the procedure for studying lux-tagged E. coli in live mice, demonstrating the spatial and temporal readout achievable utilizing BLI with the IVIS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwanrow K Baban
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork
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Niska JA, Meganck JA, Pribaz JR, Shahbazian JH, Lim E, Zhang N, Rice BW, Akin A, Ramos RI, Bernthal NM, Francis KP, Miller LS. Monitoring bacterial burden, inflammation and bone damage longitudinally using optical and μCT imaging in an orthopaedic implant infection in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47397. [PMID: 23082163 PMCID: PMC3474799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in non-invasive optical, radiographic and μCT imaging provide an opportunity to monitor biological processes longitudinally in an anatomical context. One particularly relevant application for combining these modalities is to study orthopaedic implant infections. These infections are characterized by the formation of persistent bacterial biofilms on the implanted materials, causing inflammation, periprosthetic osteolysis, osteomyelitis, and bone damage, resulting in implant loosening and failure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An orthopaedic implant infection model was used in which a titanium Kirshner-wire was surgically placed in femurs of LysEGFP mice, which possess EGFP-fluorescent neutrophils, and a bioluminescent S. aureus strain (Xen29; 1×10(3) CFUs) was inoculated in the knee joint before closure. In vivo bioluminescent, fluorescent, X-ray and μCT imaging were performed on various postoperative days. The bacterial bioluminescent signals of the S. aureus-infected mice peaked on day 19, before decreasing to a basal level of light, which remained measurable for the entire 48 day experiment. Neutrophil EGFP-fluorescent signals of the S. aureus-infected mice were statistically greater than uninfected mice on days 2 and 5, but afterwards the signals for both groups approached background levels of detection. To visualize the three-dimensional location of the bacterial infection and neutrophil infiltration, a diffuse optical tomography reconstruction algorithm was used to co-register the bioluminescent and fluorescent signals with μCT images. To quantify the anatomical bone changes on the μCT images, the outer bone volume of the distal femurs were measured using a semi-automated contour based segmentation process. The outer bone volume increased through day 48, indicating that bone damage continued during the implant infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Bioluminescent and fluorescent optical imaging was combined with X-ray and μCT imaging to provide noninvasive and longitudinal measurements of the dynamic changes in bacterial burden, neutrophil recruitment and bone damage in a mouse orthopaedic implant infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Niska
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
The significant burden of resistance to conventional anticancer treatments in patients with advanced disease has prompted the need to explore alternative therapeutic strategies. The challenge for oncology researchers is to identify a therapy which is selective for tumors with limited toxicity to normal tissue. Engineered bacteria have the unique potential to overcome traditional therapies' limitations by specifically targeting tumors. It has been shown that bacteria are naturally capable of homing to tumors when systemically administered resulting in high levels of replication locally, either external to (non-invasive species) or within tumor cells (pathogens). Pre-clinical and clinical investigations involving bacterial vectors require relevant means of monitoring vector trafficking and levels over time, and development of bacterial-specific real-time imaging modalities are key for successful development of clinical bacterial gene delivery. This review discusses the currently available imaging technologies and the progress to date exploiting these for monitoring of bacterial gene delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cronin
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Collins JW, Akin AR, Kosta A, Zhang N, Tangney M, Francis KP, Frankel G. Pre-treatment with Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 modulates Citrobacter rodentium-induced colonic inflammation and organ specificity. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2826-2834. [PMID: 22902730 PMCID: PMC3541765 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.060830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium, which colonizes the gut mucosa via formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions, causes transmissible colonic hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether prophylactic treatment with Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 can improve the outcome of C. rodentium infection. Six-week-old albino C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated for 3 days with B. breve, challenged with bioluminescent C. rodentium and administered B. breve or PBS-C for 8 days post-infection; control mice were either administered B. breve and mock-infected with PBS, or mock-treated with PBS-C and mock-infected with PBS. C. rodentium colonization was monitored by bacterial enumeration from faeces and by a combination of both 2D bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and composite 3D diffuse light imaging tomography with µCT imaging (DLIT-µCT). At day 8 post-infection, colons were removed and assessed for crypt hyperplasia, histology by light microscopy, bacterial colonization by immunofluorescence, and A/E lesion formation by electron microscopy. Prophylactic administration of B. breve did not prevent C. rodentium colonization or A/E lesion formation. However, this treatment did alter C. rodentium distribution within the large intestine and significantly reduced colonic crypt hyperplasia at the peak of bacterial infection. These results show that B. breve could not competitively exclude C. rodentium, but reduced pathogen-induced colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Collins
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ali R Akin
- Caliper - a PerkinElmer Company, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Artemis Kosta
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ning Zhang
- Caliper - a PerkinElmer Company, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Gad Frankel
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Abstract
Integral to the development of all gene therapy technologies is the ability to monitor gene delivery, in terms of distribution, levels and kinetics of vector transgene expression. This can be achieved to some extent at the preclinical level through use of traditional ex vivo analytical methods, but these hold several drawbacks, not least the requirement for death of experimental subjects for such end-point assays. Real-time in vivo analysis of reporter gene expression empowers the investigator with the ability to non-invasively assess gene delivery over time, as well as host responses to vector administration and therapeutic interventions. While there exist several technologies for such small animal monitoring, imaging of light emission from luminescent or fluorescent reporters has become the mainstay of preclinical imaging for gene therapy research. Optical imaging strategies represent powerful yet cost-efficient and convenient systems compared with alternative methods. Through tagging of vector and/or cells or interest with suitable reporter genes, both vector and host responses can be assessed in rapid, high-throughput analyses, providing spatial, temporal and quantitative read-out, without the need for radioactivity. In this review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art for optical technologies, describe related approaches employed in gene therapy research for a wide range of diseases, and outline the potential for this imaging modality in the progression of gene therapy as a medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C. Quick Jnr. Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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47
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Pribaz JR, Bernthal NM, Billi F, Cho JS, Ramos RI, Guo Y, Cheung AL, Francis KP, Miller LS. Mouse model of chronic post-arthroplasty infection: noninvasive in vivo bioluminescence imaging to monitor bacterial burden for long-term study. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:335-40. [PMID: 21837686 PMCID: PMC3217109 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-arthroplasty infections are a devastating problem in orthopaedic surgery. While acute infections can be treated with a single stage washout and liner exchange, chronic infections lead to multiple reoperations, prolonged antibiotic courses, extended disability, and worse clinical outcomes. Unlike previous mouse models that studied an acute infection, this work aimed to develop a model of a chronic post-arthroplasty infection. To achieve this, a stainless steel implant in the knee joints of mice was inoculated with a bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus strain (1 × 10(2) -1 × 10(4) colony forming units, CFUs) and in vivo imaging was used to monitor the bacterial burden for 42 days. Four different S. aureus strains were compared in which the bioluminescent construct was integrated in an antibiotic selection plasmid (ALC2906), the bacterial chromosome (Xen29 and Xen40), or a stable plasmid (Xen36). ALC2906 had increased bioluminescent signals through day 10, after which the signals became undetectable. In contrast, Xen29, Xen40, and Xen36 had increased bioluminescent signals through 42 days with the highest signals observed with Xen36. ALC2906, Xen29, and Xen40 induced significantly more inflammation than Xen36 as measured by in vivo enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-neutrophil flourescence of LysEGFP mice. All four strains induced comparable biofilm formation as determined by variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy. Using a titanium implant, Xen36 had higher in vivo bioluminescence signals than Xen40 but had similar biofilm formation and adherent bacteria. In conclusion, Xen29, Xen40, and especially Xen36, which had stable bioluminescent constructs, are feasible for long-term in vivo monitoring of bacterial burden and biofilm formation to study chronic post-arthroplasty infections and potential antimicrobial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Pribaz
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Nicholas M. Bernthal
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Fabrizio Billi
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - John S. Cho
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Romela Irene Ramos
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Ambrose L. Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA),Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
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Cronin M, Akin AR, Collins SA, Meganck J, Kim JB, Baban CK, Joyce SA, van Dam GM, Zhang N, van Sinderen D, O'Sullivan GC, Kasahara N, Gahan CG, Francis KP, Tangney M. High resolution in vivo bioluminescent imaging for the study of bacterial tumour targeting. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30940. [PMID: 22295120 PMCID: PMC3266281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to track microbes in real time in vivo is of enormous value for preclinical investigations in infectious disease or gene therapy research. Bacteria present an attractive class of vector for cancer therapy, possessing a natural ability to grow preferentially within tumours following systemic administration. Bioluminescent Imaging (BLI) represents a powerful tool for use with bacteria engineered to express reporter genes such as lux. BLI is traditionally used as a 2D modality resulting in images that are limited in their ability to anatomically locate cell populations. Use of 3D diffuse optical tomography can localize the signals but still need to be combined with an anatomical imaging modality like micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) for interpretation. In this study, the non-pathogenic commensal bacteria E.coli K-12 MG1655 and Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003, or Salmonella Typhimurium SL7207 each expressing the luxABCDE operon were intravenously (IV) administered to mice bearing subcutaneous (s.c) FLuc-expressing xenograft tumours. Bacterial lux signal was detected specifically in tumours of mice post IV-administration and bioluminescence correlated with the numbers of bacteria recovered from tissue. Through whole body imaging for both lux and FLuc, bacteria and tumour cells were co-localised. 3D BLI and μCT image analysis revealed a pattern of multiple clusters of bacteria within tumours. Investigation of spatial resolution of 3D optical imaging was supported by ex vivo histological analyses. In vivo imaging of orally-administered commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was also achieved using 3D BLI. This study demonstrates for the first time the potential to simultaneously image multiple BLI reporter genes three dimensionally in vivo using approaches that provide unique information on spatial locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cronin
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C. Quick Jr. Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali R. Akin
- Caliper – a PerkinElmer Company, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Sara A. Collins
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C. Quick Jr. Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United State of America
| | - Jeff Meganck
- Caliper – a PerkinElmer Company, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Jae-Beom Kim
- Caliper – a PerkinElmer Company, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Chwanrow K. Baban
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C. Quick Jr. Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan A. Joyce
- Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, BioOptical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Zhang
- Caliper – a PerkinElmer Company, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerald C. O'Sullivan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C. Quick Jr. Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United State of America
| | - Cormac G. Gahan
- Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Francis
- Caliper – a PerkinElmer Company, Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C. Quick Jr. Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United State of America
- * E-mail:
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Yan J, Meng X, Wancket LM, Lintner K, Nelin LD, Chen B, Francis KP, Smith CV, Rogers LK, Liu Y. Glutathione reductase facilitates host defense by sustaining phagocytic oxidative burst and promoting the development of neutrophil extracellular traps. J Immunol 2012; 188:2316-27. [PMID: 22279102 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, which plays an important role in the bactericidal function of phagocytes. Because Gsr has been implicated in the oxidative burst in human neutrophils and is abundantly expressed in the lymphoid system, we hypothesized that Gsr-deficient mice would exhibit marked defects during the immune response against bacterial challenge. We report in this study that Gsr-null mice exhibited enhanced susceptibility to Escherichia coli challenge, indicated by dramatically increased bacterial burden, cytokine storm, striking histological abnormalities, and substantially elevated mortality. Additionally, Gsr-null mice exhibited elevated sensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus. Examination of the bactericidal functions of the neutrophils from Gsr-deficient mice in vitro revealed impaired phagocytosis and defective bacterial killing activities. Although Gsr catalyzes the regeneration of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, Gsr-deficient neutrophils paradoxically produced far less reactive oxygen species upon activation both ex vivo and in vivo. Unlike wild-type neutrophils that exhibited a sustained oxidative burst upon stimulation with phorbol ester and fMLP, Gsr-deficient neutrophils displayed a very transient oxidative burst that abruptly ceased shortly after stimulation. Likewise, Gsr-deficient neutrophils also exhibited an attenuated oxidative burst upon encountering E. coli. Biochemical analysis revealed that the hexose monophosphate shunt was compromised in Gsr-deficient neutrophils. Moreover, Gsr-deficient neutrophils displayed a marked impairment in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, a bactericidal mechanism that operates after neutrophil death. Thus, Gsr-mediated redox regulation is crucial for bacterial clearance during host defense against massive bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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50
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Bernthal NM, Pribaz JR, Stavrakis AI, Billi F, Cho JS, Ramos RI, Francis KP, Iwakura Y, Miller LS. Protective role of IL-1β against post-arthroplasty Staphylococcus aureus infection. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:1621-6. [PMID: 21445990 PMCID: PMC3132302 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MyD88 is an adapter molecule that is used by both IL-1R and TLR family members to initiate downstream signaling and promote immune responses. Given that IL-1β is induced after Staphylococcus aureus infections and TLR2 is activated by S. aureus lipopeptides, we hypothesized that IL-1β and TLR2 contribute to MyD88-dependent protective immune responses against post-arthroplasty S. aureus infections. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model of a post-arthroplasty S. aureus infection to compare the bacterial burden, biofilm formation and neutrophil recruitment in IL-1β-deficient, TLR2-deficient and wild-type (wt) mice. By using in vivo bioluminescence imaging, we found that the bacterial burden in IL-1β-deficient mice was 26-fold higher at 1 day after infection and remained 3- to 10-fold greater than wt mice through day 42. In contrast, the bacterial burden in TLR2-deficient mice did not differ from wt mice. In addition, implants harvested from IL-1β-deficient mice had more biofilm formation and 14-fold higher adherent bacteria compared with those from wt mice. Finally, IL-1β-deficient mice had ∼50% decreased neutrophil recruitment to the infected postoperative joints than wt mice. Taken together, these findings suggest a mechanism by which IL-1β induces neutrophil recruitment to help control the bacterial burden and the ensuing biofilm formation in a post-surgical joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Bernthal
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Jonathan R. Pribaz
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Alexandra I. Stavrakis
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Fabrizio Billi
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - John S. Cho
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Romela Irene Ramos
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | | | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
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