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Francotte P, Bay Y, Goffin E, Colson T, Lesenfants C, Dorosz J, Laulumaa S, Fraikin P, de Tullio P, Beaufour C, Botez I, Pickering DS, Frydenvang K, Danober L, Kristensen AS, Kastrup JS, Pirotte B. Exploring thienothiadiazine dioxides as isosteric analogues of benzo- and pyridothiadiazine dioxides in the search of new AMPA and kainate receptor positive allosteric modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116036. [PMID: 38101041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation on AMPA and kainate receptors of new examples of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-thieno[3,2-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides is described. The introduction of a cyclopropyl chain instead of an ethyl chain at the 4-position of the thiadiazine ring was found to dramatically improve the potentiator activity on AMPA receptors, with compound 32 (BPAM395) expressing in vitro activity on AMPARs (EC2x = 0.24 μM) close to that of the reference 4-cyclopropyl-substituted benzothiadiazine dioxide 10 (BPAM344). Interestingly, the 4-allyl-substituted thienothiadiazine dioxide 27 (BPAM307) emerged as the most promising compound on kainate receptors being a more effective potentiator than the 4-cyclopropyl-substituted thienothiadiazine dioxide 32 and supporting the view that the 4-allyl substitution of the thiadiazine ring could be more favorable than the 4-cyclopropyl substitution to induce marked activity on kainate receptors versus AMPA receptors. The thieno-analogue 36 (BPAM279) of the clinically tested S18986 (11) was selected for in vivo evaluation in mice as a cognitive enhancer due to a safer profile than 32 after massive per os drug administration. Compound 36 was found to increase the cognition performance in mice at low doses (1 mg/kg) per os suggesting that the compound was well absorbed after oral administration and able to reach the central nervous system. Finally, compound 32 was selected for co-crystallization with the GluA2-LBD (L504Y,N775S) and glutamate to examine the binding mode of thienothiadiazine dioxides within the allosteric binding site of the AMPA receptor. At the allosteric site, this compound established similar interactions as the previously reported BTD-type AMPA receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yasmin Bay
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Colson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cindy Lesenfants
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jerzy Dorosz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Beaufour
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anders Skov Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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2
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Goffin E, Fraikin P, Abboud D, de Tullio P, Beaufour C, Botez I, Hanson J, Danober L, Francotte P, Pirotte B. New insights in the development of positive allosteric modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors belonging to 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides: Introduction of (mono/difluoro)methyl groups at the 2-position of the thiadiazine ring. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115221. [PMID: 36863228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptors (AMPAR PAMs) have been proposed as new drugs for the management of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. The present study explored new AMPAR PAMs belonging to 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides (BTDs) characterized by the presence of a short alkyl substituent at the 2-position of the heterocycle and by the presence or absence of a methyl group at the 3-position. The introduction of a monofluoromethyl or a difluoromethyl side chain at the 2-position instead of the methyl group was examined. 7-Chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2-fluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (15e) emerged as the most promising compound associating high in vitro potency on AMPA receptors, a favorable safety profile in vivo and a marked efficacy as a cognitive enhancer after oral administration in mice. Stability studies in aqueous medium suggested that 15e could be considered, at least in part, as a precursor of the corresponding 2-hydroxymethyl-substituted analogue and the known AMPAR modulator 7-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (3) devoid of an alkyl group at the 2-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goffin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 1/11 (B34), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Beaufour
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Julien Hanson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 1/11 (B34), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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3
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Etsè KS, Dorosz J, McLain Christensen K, Thomas JY, Botez Pop I, Goffin E, Colson T, Lestage P, Danober L, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS, Francotte P. Development of Thiochroman Dioxide Analogues of Benzothiadiazine Dioxides as New Positive Allosteric Modulators of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2679-2692. [PMID: 34242002 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the activity of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides as positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors, thiochroman 1,1-dioxides were designed applying the isosteric replacement concept. The new compounds expressed strong modulatory activity on AMPA receptors in vitro, although lower than their corresponding benzothiadiazine analogues. The pharmacokinetic profile of three thiochroman 1,1-dioxides (12a, 12b, 12e) was examined in vivo after oral administration, showing that these compounds freely cross the blood-brain barrier. Structural analysis was achieved using X-ray crystallography after cocrystallization of the racemic compound 12b in complex with the ligand-binding domain of GluA2 (L504Y/N775S). Interestingly, both enantiomers of 12b were found to interact with the GluA2 dimer interface, almost identically to its benzothiadiazine analogue, BPAM344 (4). The interactions of the two enantiomers in the cocrystal were further analyzed (mapping Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint) and compared to those of 4. Taken together, these data explain the lower affinity on AMPA receptors of thiochroman 1,1-dioxides compared to their corresponding 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Sénam Etsè
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jerzy Dorosz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine McLain Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez Pop
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eric Goffin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Colson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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4
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Danober L, Dores GD, Louis C, Llopis K, Dumas N, Liard C, Girardon S, Catherine LQ, Bureau M, Krazem A, Béracochéa D, Pillot T, Le Diguarher T, Bertrand M, Benoist A, Fourquez JM, Chollet AM, Gloanec P, Jeggo R. P3-043: COGNITIVE PROFILE OF S 68890, AN ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR OF ALPHA7 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Danober
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Guillaume Das Dores
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Caroline Louis
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Karine Llopis
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Nathalie Dumas
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Catherine Liard
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Sylvie Girardon
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Bertrand
- Center of Expertise in Biopharmacy; Technologie Servier; Orléans France
| | - Alain Benoist
- Center of Expertise in Chemistry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Jean-Marie Fourquez
- Center of Expertise in Chemistry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Anne-Marie Chollet
- Center of Expertise in Chemistry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Philippe Gloanec
- Center of Expertise in Chemistry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
| | - Ross Jeggo
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry; Institut de Recherches Servier; Croissy-sur-Seine France
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5
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Cecon E, Dam J, Luka M, Gautier C, Chollet AM, Delagrange P, Danober L, Jockers R. Quantitative assessment of oligomeric amyloid β peptide binding to α7 nicotinic receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3475-3488. [PMID: 30981214 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Progressive dysfunction of cholinergic transmission is a well-known characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide oligomers are known to play a central role in AD and are suggested to impair the function of the cholinergic nicotinic ACh receptor α7 (α7nAChR). However, the mechanism underlying the effect of Aβ on α7nAChR function is not fully understood, limiting the therapeutic exploration of this observation in AD. Here, we aimed to detect and characterize Aβ binding to α7nAChR, including the possibility of interfering with this interaction for therapeutic purposes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We developed a specific and quantitative time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET)-based binding assay for Aβ to α7nAChR and pharmacologically characterized this interaction. KEY RESULTS We demonstrated specific and high-affinity (low nanomolar) binding of Aβ to the orthosteric binding site of α7nAChR. Aβ binding was prevented and reversed by the well-characterized orthosteric ligands of α7nAChR (epibatidine, α-bungarotoxin, methylylcaconitine, PNU-282987, S24795, and EVP6124) and by the type II positive allosteric modulator (PAM) PNU-120596 but not by the type I PAM NS1738. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our TR-FRET Aβ binding assay demonstrates for the first time the specific binding of Aβ to α7nAChR, which will be a crucial tool for the development, testing, and selection of a novel generation of AD drug candidates targeting Aβ/α7nAChR complexes with high specificity and fewer side effects compared to currently approved α7nAChR drugs. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Dept Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Dept Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Dept Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Clément Gautier
- Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Division Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Anne-Marie Chollet
- Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Division Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Division Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Division Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Dept Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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6
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Panayi F, Sors A, Bert L, Martin B, Rollin-Jego G, Billiras R, Carrié I, Albinet K, Danober L, Rogez N, Thomas JY, Pira L, Bertaina-Anglade V, Lestage P. In vivo pharmacological profile of S 38093, a novel histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 803:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Larsen AP, Francotte P, Frydenvang K, Tapken D, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Caignard DH, Lestage P, Danober L, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS. Synthesis and Pharmacology of Mono-, Di-, and Trialkyl-Substituted 7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides Combined with X-ray Structure Analysis to Understand the Unexpected Structure-Activity Relationship at AMPA Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:378-90. [PMID: 26771108 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptors are promising compounds for treatment of neurological disorders, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of mono-, di-, or trialkyl-substituted 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides, comprising in total 16 new modulators. The trisubstituted compounds 7b, 7d, and 7e revealed potent activity (EC2× = 2.7-4.3 μM; concentration of compound responsible for a 2-fold increase of the AMPA mediated response) as AMPA receptor potentiators in an in vitro cellular fluorescence assay (FLIPR). The 4-cyclopropyl compound 7f was found to be considerably less potent (EC2× = 60 μM), in contrast to previously described 4-monoalkyl-substituted benzothiadiazine dioxides for which the cyclopropyl group constitutes the best choice of substituent. 7b was subjected to X-ray structural analysis in complex with the GluA2 ligand-binding domain. We propose an explanation of the unexpected structure-activity relationship of this new series of mono-, di-, and trialkyl-substituted 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide compounds. The methyl substituent in the 3-position directs the binding mode of the 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (BTD) scaffold. When a methyl substituent is present in the 3-position of the BTD, additional methyl substituents in both the 2- and 4-positions increase potency, whereas introduction of a 4-cyclopropyl group does not enhance potency of 2,3,4-alkyl-substituted BTDs. A hydrogen bond donor in the 2-position of the BTD is not necessary for modulator potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Probst Larsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tapken
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde, 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde, 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde, 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Danober L, Louis C, Rogez N, Thomas J, Dores GD, Gandon M, Hugot A, Beracochea D, Krazem A, Bertaina-AngladE V, Rimet D, Pillot T, Bertrand M, Fourquez J, Botez I, Lestage P. Pharmacological profile of S 76892, a new ligand at nicotinic α7-subtype receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Danober L, Rönicke R, Reymann K, Ondrejcak T, Zhang D, Hu NW, Rowan MJ, Desos P, Cordi A, Lestage P. P4‐172: S 44858, a positive allosteric modulator of ampa receptors and GluN2B selective nmda receptors antagonist, prevents the disruption of synaptic plasticity induced by Aβ oligomers. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Danober
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Raik Rönicke
- Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | | | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsTrinity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Dainan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsTrinity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Neng-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsTrinity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Michael J. Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsTrinity CollegeDublinIreland
| | - Patrice Desos
- Pôle Expertise Recherche et BiopharmacieInstitut de Recherches ServierSuresnesFrance
| | - Alex Cordi
- Pôle Expertise Recherche et BiopharmacieInstitut de Recherches ServierSuresnesFrance
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
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10
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Danober L, Thomas JY, Challal S, Rogez N, Albinet K, Villain N, Mony L, Paoletti P, Bertrand D, Wagner S, Desos P, Cordi A, Lestage P. P2‐311:
In vitro
characterization of s44858: A positive allosteric modulator of ampa receptors and GluN2B selective non‐competitive nmda receptors antagonist. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Danober
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Nathalie Rogez
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Karine Albinet
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Nadège Villain
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Laétitia Mony
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-INSERMParisFrance
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-INSERMParisFrance
| | | | | | - Patrice Desos
- Pôle Expertise Recherche et BiopharmacieInstitut de Recherches ServierSuresnesFrance
| | - Alex Cordi
- Pôle Expertise Recherche et BiopharmacieInstitut de Recherches ServierSuresnesFrance
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
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11
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Lestage P, Danober L, Thomas JY, Krentner M, Roger A, Albinet K, Louis C, Bertaina-Anglade V, Kazem A, Béracochéa D, Bordet R, Papp M, Junges C, Bertrand M, Desos P, Cordi A. P2‐312:
In vivo
characterization of s44858, a positive allosteric modulator of ampa receptors and GluN2B selective non‐competitive nmda antagonist. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lestage
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Laurence Danober
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Martine Krentner
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Anita Roger
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Karine Albinet
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | - Caroline Louis
- Pôle Innovation Thérapeutique NeuropsychiatrieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur-SeineFrance
| | | | - Ali Kazem
- Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Regis Bordet
- Service de Pharmacologie‐Hôpital Huriez‐CHRULilleFrance
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Institut of PharmacologyPolish Academic of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Céline Junges
- Pôle Expertise Recherche et Biopharmacie, Technologie ServierOrléansFrance
| | - Marc Bertrand
- Pôle Expertise Recherche et Biopharmacie, Technologie ServierOrléansFrance
| | - Patrice Desos
- Pôle Expertise Recherche et BiopharmacieInstitut de Recherches ServierSuresnesFrance
| | - Alex Cordi
- Pôle Expertise Recherche et BiopharmacieInstitut de Recherches ServierSuresnesFrance
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12
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Nørholm AB, Francotte P, Goffin E, Botez I, Danober L, Lestage P, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS, Olsen L, Oostenbrink C. Thermodynamic characterization of new positive allosteric modulators binding to the glutamate receptor A2 ligand-binding domain: combining experimental and computational methods unravels differences in driving forces. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:3404-16. [PMID: 25420075 DOI: 10.1021/ci500559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulation of the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluA2 presents a potential treatment of cognitive disorders, for example, Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we describe the synthesis, pharmacology, and thermodynamic studies of a series of monofluoro-substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides. Measurements of ligand binding by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed similar binding affinities for the modulator series at the GluA2 LBD but differences in the thermodynamic driving forces. Binding of 5c (7-F) and 6 (no-F) is enthalpy driven, and 5a (5-F) and 5b (6-F) are entropy driven. For 5d (8-F), both quantities were equal in size. Thermodynamic integration (TI) and one-step perturbation (OSP) were used to calculate the relative binding affinity of the modulators. The OSP calculations had a higher predictive power than those from TI, and combined with the shorter total simulation time, we found the OSP method to be more effective for this setup. Furthermore, from the molecular dynamics simulations, we extracted the enthalpies and entropies, and along with the ITC data, this suggested that the differences in binding free energies are largely explained by the direct ligand-surrounding enthalpies. Furthermore, we used the OSP setup to predict binding affinities for a series of polysubstituted fluorine compounds and monosubstituted methyl compounds and used these predictions to characterize the modulator binding pocket for this scaffold of positive allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Beth Nørholm
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Francotte P, Nørholm AB, Deva T, Olsen L, Frydenvang K, Goffin E, Fraikin P, de Tullio P, Challal S, Thomas JY, Iop F, Louis C, Botez-Pop I, Lestage P, Danober L, Kastrup JS, Pirotte B. Positive Allosteric Modulators of 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid Receptors Belonging to 4-Cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-pyridothiadiazine Dioxides and Diversely Chloro-Substituted 4-Cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9539-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501268r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ann-Beth Nørholm
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Taru Deva
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Fabrice Iop
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Caroline Louis
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez-Pop
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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14
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Gobert A, Rollin‐Jego G, Iop F, Rivet JM, Favale D, Danober L, Dix S, Czech C, Laurence O, Richardson J, Schenker E. P4‐001: CHANGES IN FRONTOCORTICAL INTERSTITIAL FLUID LEVELS OF BETA‐AMYLOID AND TAU PROTEIN IN TRANSGENIC MICE MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gobert
- Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy sur SeineFrance
| | | | - Fabrice Iop
- Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy sur SeineFrance
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Dix
- Eli Lilly, Lilly Research CentreSurreyUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jill Richardson
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, China GroupStevenageUnited Kingdom
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15
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Nørholm AB, Francotte P, Olsen L, Krintel C, Frydenvang K, Goffin E, Challal S, Danober L, Botez-Pop I, Lestage P, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS. Synthesis, Pharmacological and Structural Characterization, and Thermodynamic Aspects of GluA2-Positive Allosteric Modulators with a 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide Scaffold. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8736-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Beth Nørholm
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez-Pop
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Graindorge E, Lestage P, Danober L, Challal S, Rogez N, Nosjean O, Caignard DH, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. Development of Thiophenic Analogues of Benzothiadiazine Dioxides as New Powerful Potentiators of 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7838-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400676g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E. Graindorge
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Nathalie Rogez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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17
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Mourlevat S, Galizzi JP, Guigal-Stéphan N, Courtade-Gaïani S, Rolland-Valognes G, Rodriguez M, Barbet F, Bourrier C, Catesson S, Chomel A, Danober L, Villain N, Caignard DH, Pirotte B, Lestage P, Lockhart BP. Molecular characterization of the AMPA-receptor potentiator S70340 in rat primary cortical culture: Whole-genome expression profiling. Neurosci Res 2011; 70:349-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bernard K, Danober L, Thomas JY, Lebrun C, Muñoz C, Cordi A, Desos P, Lestage P, Morain P. DRUG FOCUS: S 18986: A positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors pharmacological profile of a novel cognitive enhancer. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011; 16:e193-212. [PMID: 21050420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) type glutamate receptors are critical for synaptic plasticity and induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), considered as one of the synaptic mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors could provide a therapeutic approach to the treatment of cognitive disorders resulting from aging and/or neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Several AMPA potentiators have been described in the last decade, but for the moment their clinical efficacy has not been demonstrated due to the complexity of the target, AMPA receptors, and the difficulty in studying cognition in animals and humans. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of this type of drug remains an important issue, if knowledge of these compounds is to be increased and if this novel therapeutic approach is to be an interesting research area. Among the AMPA potentiators, S 18986 is emerging as a new selective positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. S 18986, as with other positive AMPA receptor modulators, increased induction and maintenance of LTP in the hippocampus as well as the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) both in vitro and in vivo. Its cognitive-enhancing properties have been demonstrated in various behavioral models (procedural, spatial, "episodic," working, and relational/declarative memory) in young-adult and aged rodents. It is interesting to note that memory-enhancing effects appeared more robust in middle-aged animals compared with aged ones and in "episodic" and spatial memory tasks. From these results, S 18986 is expected to treat memory deficits associated with early cerebral aging and neurological diseases in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Bernard
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Courbevoie, France.
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19
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Pirotte B, Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Danober L, Lesur B, Botez I, Caignard DH, Lestage P, de Tullio P. Ring-fused thiadiazines as core structures for the development of potent AMPA receptor potentiators. Curr Med Chem 2011; 17:3575-82. [PMID: 20738245 DOI: 10.2174/092986710792927859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amongst ionotropic glutamatergic receptors, the AMPA receptor subtype has been recognized as a major contributor to the fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system and the expression and maintenance of longterm potentiation. This receptor subtype also represents an interesting target to develop innovative therapeutic drugs such as positive allosteric modulators (AMPA receptor potentiators) since the enhancement of AMPA signals is expected to be beneficial in the management of several neurological disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and learning-memory deficits linked to Alzheimer's disease. This article is dedicated to the use of (hetero) aromatic ring-fused thiadiazines (i.e. benzo- pyrido- and thienothiadiazines) as core structures for the discovery of new positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors. Recent advances exploring other chemotypes in the field of AMPA potentiators is the object of a separate review of the present issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pirotte
- Drug Research Center (Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament-CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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20
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Dintilhac G, Arslan D, Dilly S, Danober L, Botez I, Lestage P, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. New substituted aryl esters and aryl amides of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides as positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors. Med Chem Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Van Heugen JC, Gillotin F, Danober L, Thomas JY, Chiap P, Caignard DH, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. New Fluorinated 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides: Discovery of an Orally Active Cognitive Enhancer Acting through Potentiation of the 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid Receptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1700-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901495t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Florian Gillotin
- ATC s.a. (Advanced Technology Corporation), CHU de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Patrice Chiap
- ATC s.a. (Advanced Technology Corporation), CHU de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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22
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Lagostena L, Danober L, Challal S, Lestage P, Mocaër E, Trocmé-Thibierge C, Cherubini E. Modulatory effects of S 38232, a non alpha-7 containing nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonist on network activity in the mouse hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2009; 58:806-15. [PMID: 20004675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular field potentials (fEPSPs) and whole cell patch-clamp recordings were used to test the effect of S 38232, a newly developed potent non-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) agonist, on synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices obtained from adult mice. S 38232 increased the amplitude of fEPSPs, evoked in stratum radiatum by Schaffer collateral stimulation. This effect was potentiated by picrotoxin, suggesting that S 38232 exerts at least in part its effect on GABAergic interneurons. The action of S 38232 was mediated by non-alpha7 containing nAChRs since it was prevented by DHbetaE (1muM) but not by alpha-BTX (100nM). A similar potentiating effect on fEPSPs was observed when nicotine (1muM) was applied to hippocampal slices obtained from alpha7 -/- mice in the presence of picrotoxin. The potentiating effect of S 38232 was probably presynaptic in origin since it was associated with a significant reduction in paired-pulse ratio. In addition, in patch clamp experiments, S 38232 enhanced the frequency (but not the amplitude) of spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs, sIPSCs) recorded from CA1 principal cells. Moreover, it enhanced the frequency of miniature IPSCs but not EPSCs, suggesting that it was acting on nAChRs located on presynaptic/pre-terminal regions of GABAergic interneurons. The effect of S 38232 on GABAergic signaling was concentration-dependent with an EC(50) of 43muM. In conclusions, we present evidence that the new nicotine ligand S 38232, by selectively activating non-alpha7 nAChRs located on principal cells and GABAergic interneurons, influences network activity and information processing in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lagostena
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Beirut 2-4, 34014 Trieste, Italy
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Francotte P, Tullio PD, Podona T, Diouf O, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Danober L, Thomas JY, Caignard DH, Pirotte B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a second generation of pyridothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides acting as AMPA potentiators. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9948-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Francotte P, Tullio PD, Goffin E, Dintilhac G, Graindorge E, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Danober L, Thomas JY, Caignard DH, Pirotte B. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacology of Novel 7-Substituted 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides as Positive Allosteric Modulators of AMPA Receptors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3153-7. [PMID: 17552506 DOI: 10.1021/jm070120i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides have been synthesized and evaluated as potentiators of AMPA receptors. Attention was paid to the impact of the substituent introduced at the 7-position of the heterocycle. The biological evaluation was achieved by measuring the AMPA current in rat cortex mRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. The most potent compound, 4-ethyl-7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (12a) was found to be active in an object recognition test in rats demonstrating cognition enhancing effects in vivo after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Drug Research Center, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Av. de l'Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Lestage PJ, Danober L, Lockhart BP, Roger A, Lebrun C, Desos P, Cordi A. P1-406 S 18986, positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors as a novel cognition enhancer in rodents. Neurobiol Aging 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(04)80718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lockhart BP, Rodriguez M, Catesson S, Mourlevat S, Peron P, Villain N, Danober L, Boutin JA, Galizzi JP, Lestage PJ. P1-415 S18986, enhances BDNF expression in rat primary neuronal cultures. Neurobiol Aging 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(04)80727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Roder S, Danober L, Pozza MF, Lingenhoehl K, Wiederhold KH, Olpe HR. Electrophysiological studies on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex assessing the effects of amyloidosis in amyloid precursor protein 23 transgenic mice. Neuroscience 2003; 120:705-20. [PMID: 12895511 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo electrophysiological studies were done to investigate the neuronal function of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) 23 transgenic mouse model for amyloidosis developed by Sturchler-Pierrat et al. [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 (1997) 13287]. Brain slices were taken from 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 month old wildtype and hemizygous type APP23 mice. Extracellular field potentials were recorded from the CA1 region of the hippocampus while stimulating the Schaffer collaterals. In addition, extracellular field potentials were elicited from areas within layer V/VI of the prefrontal cortex by stimulating the same layer V/VI. Basic synaptic function in the hippocampus was reduced in hemizygous APP23 mice compared with their wildtype littermates at 12 and 18 months of age, whereas, it was unaltered within the prefrontal cortex. Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of hemizygous APP23 mice was similar compared with their wildtype littermates. In vivo electrophysiological experiments were done in 3, 9, 18 and 24 month old wildtype and hemizygous APP23 mice. No differences were observed in the number of single spontaneously active units recorded within the prefrontal cortex of hemizygous APP23 mice compared with their wildtype littermates. Field potentials elicited during stimulation of cortico-cortical pathways to assess synaptic transmission and short-term synaptic plasticity were also unchanged in hemizygous APP23 mice. Furthermore, presumable antidromic field potentials recorded in the prefrontal cortex during stimulation of the striatum were similar between the hemizygous APP23 and wildtype mice at each age. The present study shows that amyloidosis impairs basic synaptic function but not long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, however, does not alter any of the neurophysiological functions measured within the prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that amyloidosis may be involved in altering some neurophysiological functions within only certain brain structures. Although APP23 mice have impaired cognitive performance, long-term plasticity, a cellular model for memory, is not affected, raising the question on the relationship between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roder
- Novartis Pharma Inc., Nervous System Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Synaptic mechanisms underlying NMDA-mediated responses of neurons in the guinea pig lateral amygdala (AL) were investigated in in vitro slice preparations. Local application of NMDA resulted in initial hyperpolarization of pyramidal-like spiny cells (projection neurons), followed by prolonged depolarization. The slow depolarization represented a direct postsynaptic effect of NMDA, whereas the initial hyperpolarization was induced presynaptically through activation of GABAergic interneurons and was sensitive to blockade by tetrodotoxin as well as the GABA(A)-receptor antagonist bicuculline. Application of NMDA resulted in AP-5-sensitive, lasting depolarization also in putative interneurons of the AL suggesting direct activation of GABAergic interneurons by NMDA. These data indicate that interneurons in the rat lateral amygdala possess functional NMDA receptors, which may contribute to the predominantly inhibitory synaptic responses in amygdaloid neurons following activation through afferent input systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Danober
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
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Danober L, Pape HC. Strychnine-sensitive glycine responses in neurons of the lateral amygdala: an electrophysiological and immunocytochemical characterization. Neuroscience 1998; 85:427-41. [PMID: 9622242 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological and staining techniques in the in vitro slice preparation of the rat and guinea-pig lateral amygdala were combined with immunocytochemical approaches, in order to characterize the neuronal substrate, the ionic basis and the pharmacological properties of glycine-mediated responses, and to map the distribution and composition of the mediating glycine receptors. Glycine was locally applied to spiny, pyramidal-like cells in the lateral amygdala, which possessed electrophysiological properties typical of projection neurons. Glycine induced a membrane hyperpolarization from rest and associated decrease in input resistance, and an interruption of spike firing and calcium-mediated high-threshold oscillations. The glycine-mediated response persisted during blocked synaptic transmission, reversed close to the presumed somatic chloride equilibrium potential and shifted during altered transmembrane Cl- gradients as expected for an increase in membrane chloride conductance. Responses to glycine were reversibly blocked by strychnine, but were insensitive to picrotoxin and bicuculline. Strychnine-sensitive components of spontaneous activity, but not of evoked synaptic responses, were frequently observed. Similar responses to glycine occurred in neurons of the guinea-pig and rat lateral amygdala, as well as in the central amygdala. The localization and composition of glycine receptors were examined through the use of monoclonal antisera directed against the binding protein (gephyrin), the alpha1 subunits (mAb2b) and alpha/beta subunits (mAb4a) of glycine receptors. A dense to moderate immunostaining for gephyrin was observed throughout the amygdaloid complex, whereas mAb4a immunofluorescent neurons, displaying strong punctate labelling around the soma and proximal dendrites, were confined to the lateral amygdala. No immunoreactivity was obtained with mAb2b antibodies in the amygdala. It is concluded that pyramidal-like projection cells in the lateral amygdala express functional glycine receptors at somatic and proximal dendritic sites, which are composed of beta and alpha subunits other than the alpha1 type, and which may play a functional role in the control of excitatory activity in the amygdala, particularly during periods of decreased GABAergic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Danober
- Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
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Abstract
Generalized non-convulsive absence seizures are characterized by the occurrence of synchronous and bilateral spike and wave discharges (SWDs) on the electroencephalogram, that are concomitant with a behavioral arrest. Many similarities between rodent and human absence seizures support the use of genetic rodent models, in which spontaneous SWDs occur. This review summarizes data obtained on the neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of absence seizures with special emphasis on the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). EEG recordings from various brain regions and lesion experiments showed that the cortex, the reticular nucleus and the relay nuclei of the thalamus play a predominant role in the development of SWDs. Neither the cortex, nor the thalamus alone can sustain SWDs, indicating that both structures are intimely involved in the genesis of SWDs. Pharmacological data confirmed that both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmissions are involved in the genesis and control of absence seizures. Whether the generation of SWDs is the result of an excessive cortical excitability, due to an unbalance between inhibition and excitation, or excessive thalamic oscillations, due to abnormal intrinsic neuronal properties under the control of inhibitory GABAergic mechanisms, remains controversial. The thalamo-cortical activity is regulated by several monoaminergic and cholinergic projections. An alteration of the activity of these different ascending inputs may induce a temporary inadequation of the functional state between the cortex and the thalamus and thus promote SWDs. The experimental data are discussed in view of these possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Danober
- INSERM U 398, Neurobiologie et Neuropharmacologie des épilepsies généralisées, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France.
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Abstract
A slow inhibitory potential (sIP) elicited upon synaptic activation in spiny, pyramidal-like cells with properties indicative of projection neurons was investigated in slices of the rat and guinea-pig lateral amygdala in vitro. The sIP succeeded the triphasic sequence of excitatory and fast/slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials mediated via glutamate and GABA(A/B) receptors, respectively, was readily evoked upon repetitive stimulation of the external capsule and appeared to terminate epileptiform burst discharges during pharmacologically reduced GABAergic influence. The sIP reversed close to the Cl- equilibrium potential, but was not affected by altered transmembrane Cl- gradients and not abolished by antagonists to ligand-gated Cl- channels. Intracellular injection of QX 314 and resulting blockade of sodium spikes had no effect, whereas the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA blocked the sIP concomitantly with slow hyperpolarizing afterpotentials following intrinsically generated spike firing, thereby indicating the contribution of Ca2+-dependent mechanisms secondary to synaptic activation. During action of BAPTA and QX 314, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated potential was unmasked, which contributed to the sIP. The Ca2+-dependent mechanisms of the sIP involved a membrane K+ conductance, as was indicated by the dependence on the K+ gradient and the shift of the reversal potential towards the K+ equilibrium potential during blocked NMDA receptors. During the presence of GABA receptor antagonists, reduction of the Ca2+-activated K+ conductance through injection of BAPTA or application of dopamine induced a gradual shift of interictal-like single bursts of spikes towards the generation of re-occurring ictal-like activity. It is concluded that pyramidal-like projection cells in the AL can generate a sIP upon synaptic activation, which reflects the combined activation of an NMDA receptor-mediated cation current and a K+ current that is secondary to the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration resulting from the preceding depolarizing response. The sIP may play an important role in controlling excitatory activity in the amygdala, particularly in preventing the transformation of interictal-like activity towards recurrent epileptic discharges during periods of decreased GABAergic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Danober
- Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
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Hirsch E, Danober L, Simler S, Pereira de Vasconcelos A, Maton B, Nehlig A, Marescaux C, Vergnes M. The amygdala is critical for seizure propagation from brainstem to forebrain. Neuroscience 1997; 77:975-84. [PMID: 9130779 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Audiogenic seizures, a model of brainstem epilepsy, are characterized by a tonic phase (sustained muscular contraction fixing the limbs in a flexed or extended position) associated with a short cortical electroencephalogram flattening. When sound-susceptible rats are exposed to repeated acoustic stimulations, kindled audiogenic seizures, characterized by a clonic phase (facial and forelimb repetitive jerks) associated with cortical spike-waves, progressively appear, suggesting that repetition of brainstem seizures causes a propagation of the epileptic discharge toward the forebrain. In order to determine the structures through which this propagation occurs, four kinds of experiments were performed in non-epileptic rats and in sound-susceptible rats exposed to single or repeated sound stimulations. The following results were obtained: (I) Electrical amygdalar kindling was similar in non-epileptic and naive-susceptible rats, but was facilitated in sound-susceptible rats submitted to 40 acoustic stimulations and presenting kindled audiogenic seizures. (2) Audiogenic seizures induced an increase in [(14)C]2-deoxyglucose concentration in the amygdala after a single seizure, and in the amygdala, hippocampus and perirhinal and piriform cortices after a kindled audiogenic seizure. (3) A single audiogenic seizure induced the expression of c-Fos protein mainly in the auditory nuclei. A few cells were stained in the amygdala. After 5-10 audiogenic seizures, a clear staining appeared in the amygdala, and perirhinal and piriform cortices. The hippocampus expressed c-Fos later, after 40 audiogenic seizures. (4) Injection of lidocaine into the amygdala did not modify single audiogenic seizures, but suppressed myoclonias and cortical spike-waves of kindled audiogenic seizures. Similar deactivation of the hippocampus failed to modify kindled audiogenic seizures. Taken together, these data indicate a critical role for the amygdala in the spread of audiogenic seizures from brainstem to forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hirsch
- INSERM U 398, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
In the selected strain of GAERS Wistar rats (Genétic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg), all animals present spontaneously recurrent absence seizures characterized by bilateral and synchronous generalized spike-and-wave discharges (SWD) accompanied by behavioural arrest. SWD depend on a thalamo-cortical network connecting the reticular and relay nuclei of the thalamus and their cortical projection areas. This loop involves both GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. In the present study, we investigated the implication of NMDA transmission in the genesis of absence seizures in GAERS. Intra-peritoneal or intra-cerebroventricular injections of NMDA, the competitive NMDA antagonist CGP 40116, the non-competitive NMDA antagonist (+)-MK 801 and the antagonist of the glycine modulatory site 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid dose-dependently suppressed SWD. Bilateral infusions of the same drugs in the lateral relay nuclei of the thalamus had similar suppressive effects. Intra-cerebroventricular or intrathalamic administration of D-serine, an agonist of the glycine modulatory site, had no effect on SWD. These data show that NMDA neurotransmission, especially within the thalamus, plays a major role in the control of absence seizures in GAERs. Disregulation of NMDA-mediated transmission by NMDA or antagonists, interacting with various sites of the receptor complex, may suppress the thalamo-cortical oscillatory activity which underlies SWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koerner
- Unité INSERM 398, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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Danober L, Depaulis A, Vergnes M, Marescaux C. Mesopontine cholinergic control over generalized non-convulsive seizures in a genetic model of absence epilepsy in the rat. Neuroscience 1995; 69:1183-93. [PMID: 8848106 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00276-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological data have shown that the cholinergic transmission participates in the control of spike-and-wave discharges in rats with genetic absence epilepsy. The corticothalamic circuitry which generates spontaneous spike-and-wave discharges, the electroencephalographic expression of absence seizures, receives important cholinergic inputs from two distinct sources: (i) the nucleus basalis projecting mainly to the cortex and (ii) the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei providing cholinergic afferents to the thalamus. In the present study, the involvement of the cholinergic mesopontothalamic projections in the control of spike-and-wave discharges was investigated. Activation of cell bodies in the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, by local microinjections of non-toxic doses of kainate (20 pmol/side) or picrotoxin (66 pmol/side), suppressed spike-and-wave discharges. Similar effects were produced by direct cholinergic activation of the ventrolateral part of the thalamus: intrathalamic microinjections of carbachol (0.7-2.8 pmol/side), a cholinergic receptor agonist, resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of spike-and-wave discharges. This suppression was partially reversed by a simultaneous microinjection of an equimolar dose of scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist. Electrolytic or neuroexcitotoxic lesions of the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei did not modify spike-and-wave discharges. These results suggest that the cholinergic mesopontine projection to the thalamus exerts a phasic inhibitory control of generalized non-convulsive epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Danober
- Neurobiologie et Neuropharmacologie des Epilepsies Généralisées, INSERM Unité 398, Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
In naive Wistar rats susceptible to sound, a single audiogenic seizure induced the expression of c-fos in the subcortical auditory nuclei whereas the forebrain was almost completely devoid of any labelling. After kindling of audiogenic seizures by 40 daily exposures to sound, the seizure induced a strong c-fos expression in the amygdala, the piriform cortex, the hippocampus and the neocortex. These results confirm: (1) that audiogenic seizures are brain-stem seizures related to dysfunction of auditory pathways, and (ii) that kindling of audiogenic seizures recruits forebrain and limbic structures into the seizure network.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Simler
- INSERM U 398, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
Cholinergic drugs were shown to affect spike and wave discharges in a selected strain of Wistar rats with generalized non-convulsive absence epilepsy, named GAERS (Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg). The involvement of cholinergic transmission from the nucleus basalis in the control of absence seizures in GAERS was investigated in the present study, by examining the effects of unilateral excitotoxic lesions of this nucleus on the occurrence of spike-wave discharges. Ibotenate (0.01 M) and quisqualate (0.03 and 0.06 M)-induced lesions of the nucleus basalis suppressed spike-wave discharges in the cortex ipsilateral to the lesion. The suppression was associated with a disappearance of both acetylcholinesterase-fibres in the cerebral cortex and choline acetyltransferase immunopositive neurons within the nucleus basalis. Concomitantly, the background electroencephalographic activity was slowed. These results suggest that cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex by the nucleus basalis is involved in the occurrence of generalized non-convulsive seizures, in relation to the control of cortical activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Danober
- INSERM U.398, Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Spreafico R, Mennini T, Danober L, Cagnotto A, Regondi MC, Miari A, De Blas A, Vergnes M, Avanzini G. GABAA receptor impairment in the genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS): an immunocytochemical and receptor binding autoradiographic study. Epilepsy Res 1993; 15:229-38. [PMID: 8223419 DOI: 10.1016/0920-1211(93)90060-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Some aspects of the GABA and cholinergic systems have been investigated in the cortex and thalamus of GAERS Wistar rats, a model of petit-mal epilepsy, and in a non-epileptic control strain. GABA and its synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), were located by immunocytochemistry; the GABAA receptors were evaluated by autoradiography of GABA-enhanced 3H-flunitrazepam binding and by immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies against the beta 2-beta 3 subunits of GABAA receptor protein. GABA and GAD immunocytochemistry did not show up any difference in density or distribution of immunoreactive elements (fibers, terminals and neurons) between epileptic and control animals, but autoradiographic and immunocytochemical studies showed a decreased enhancement of 3H-flunitrazepam binding and of beta 2-beta 3 subunits of GABAA receptor in the sensorimotor cortex and anterior thalamic areas of the epileptic strain. No differences were found in benzodiazepine receptors in the two strains. GABAB receptors were measured as 3H-baclofen binding in a crude synaptic membrane preparation and there was no difference between epileptic and control animals. Choline acetyltransferase, the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine, and muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1 and M2), visualized respectively by an immunocytochemical procedure and binding autoradiography, did not differ in epileptic and normal rats. The data suggest an impairment of the 'GABAA system' in restricted brain regions of epileptic rats, due to a reduction of receptor beta 2-beta 3 subunits and coupling to benzodiazepine receptors despite the normal synthesis and location of the neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spreafico
- Dept. of Neurophysiology, Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Wistar rats of a selected strain show spontaneous generalized non-convulsive seizures with bilateral synchronous spike-wave discharges on the cortical electroencephalograph (EEG). The 7 to 9 c/s spike-wave discharges occur predominantly in waking states of inactivity. The effects of cholinergic drugs on the cumulated duration of spike-wave discharges were investigated in this rat model of absence epilepsy. I.p. injections of drugs which potentiate cholinergic neurotransmission, namely the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg), the muscarinic receptor agonists, oxotremorine (0.25-1 mg/kg) and pilocarpine (0.125-2 mg/kg), and the nicotinic receptor agonist, nicotine (0.062-2 mg/kg), suppressed discharges in a dose-dependent manner and induced an arousal-like cortical EEG. The muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine, increased the spike-wave discharges at doses below 0.05 mg/kg; at higher doses (0.05-1 mg/kg) it decreased discharges and induced a sleep-like EEG. The nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine (0.5-6 mg/kg), had no effect on spike-wave discharges or the EEG. These results suggest that cholinergic activity accounts for the preferential occurrence of absence seizures in states of reduced arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Danober
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie et Biologie des Comportements, Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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