1
|
Bendix M, Dige A, Deleuran B, Dahlerup JF, Jørgensen SP, Bartels LE, Husted LB, Harsløf T, Langdahl B, Agnholt J. Flow cytometry detection of vitamin D receptor changes during vitamin D treatment in Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:19-28. [PMID: 25707738 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with a dysregulated T cell response towards intestinal microflora. Vitamin D has immune modulatory effects on T cells through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) in vitro. It is unclear how oral vitamin D treatment affects VDR expression. The aim of this study was to establish a flow cytometry protocol, including nuclear and cytoplasmic VDR expression, and to investigate the effects of vitamin D treatment on T cell VDR expression in CD patients. The flow cytometry protocol for VDR staining was developed using the human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1). The protocol was evaluated in anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from vitamin D3- (n = 9) and placebo-treated (n = 9) CD patients. Anti-VDR-stained PBMCs were examined by flow cytometry, and their cytokine production was determined by cytokine bead array. VDR, CYP27B1 and RXRα mRNA expression levels in CD4(+) T cells were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The flow cytometry protocol enabled detection of cytoplasmic and nuclear VDR expression. The results were confirmed by confocal microscopy and supported by correlation with VDR mRNA expression. VDR expression in CD4(+) T cells increased following stimulation. This VDR up-regulation was inhibited with 30% by vitamin D treatment compared to placebo in CD patients (P = 0027). VDR expression was correlated with in-vitro interferon-γ production in stimulated PBMCs (P = 0.01). Flow cytometry is a useful method with which to measure intracellular VDR expression. Vitamin D treatment in CD patients reduces T cell receptor-mediated VDR up-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bendix
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Dige
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Deleuran
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J F Dahlerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S P Jørgensen
- Department of Medicine, Regional Hospital Horsens, Horsens, Denmark
| | - L E Bartels
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L B Husted
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Agnholt
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oei L, Hsu YH, Styrkarsdottir U, Eussen BH, de Klein A, Peters MJ, Halldorsson B, Liu CT, Alonso N, Kaptoge SK, Thorleifsson G, Hallmans G, Hocking LJ, Husted LB, Jameson KA, Kruk M, Lewis JR, Patel MS, Scollen S, Svensson O, Trompet S, van Schoor NM, Zhu K, Buckley BM, Cooper C, Ford I, Goltzman D, González-Macías J, Langdahl BL, Leslie WD, Lips P, Lorenc RS, Olmos JM, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Reid DM, Riancho JA, Slagboom PE, Garcia-Ibarbia C, Ingvarsson T, Johannsdottir H, Luben R, Medina-Gómez C, Arp P, Nandakumar K, Palsson ST, Sigurdsson G, van Meurs JBJ, Zhou Y, Hofman A, Jukema JW, Pols HAP, Prince RL, Cupples LA, Marshall CR, Pinto D, Sato D, Scherer SW, Reeve J, Thorsteinsdottir U, Karasik D, Richards JB, Stefansson K, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Ioannidis JPA, Kiel DP, Rivadeneira F, Estrada K. A genome-wide copy number association study of osteoporotic fractures points to the 6p25.1 locus. J Med Genet 2014; 51:122-31. [PMID: 24343915 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by reduced bone mineral density and increased susceptibility to fracture; these traits are highly heritable. Both common and rare copy number variants (CNVs) potentially affect the function of genes and may influence disease risk. AIM To identify CNVs associated with osteoporotic bone fracture risk. METHOD We performed a genome-wide CNV association study in 5178 individuals from a prospective cohort in the Netherlands, including 809 osteoporotic fracture cases, and performed in silico lookups and de novo genotyping to replicate in several independent studies. RESULTS A rare (population prevalence 0.14%, 95% CI 0.03% to 0.24%) 210 kb deletion located on chromosome 6p25.1 was associated with the risk of fracture (OR 32.58, 95% CI 3.95 to 1488.89; p = 8.69 × 10(-5)). We performed an in silico meta-analysis in four studies with CNV microarray data and the association with fracture risk was replicated (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 8.22; p = 0.02). The prevalence of this deletion showed geographic diversity, being absent in additional samples from Australia, Canada, Poland, Iceland, Denmark, and Sweden, but present in the Netherlands (0.34%), Spain (0.33%), USA (0.23%), England (0.15%), Scotland (0.10%), and Ireland (0.06%), with insufficient evidence for association with fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that deletions in the 6p25.1 locus may predispose to higher risk of fracture in a subset of populations of European origin; larger and geographically restricted studies will be needed to confirm this regional association. This is a first step towards the evaluation of the role of rare CNVs in osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harsløf T, Frost M, Nielsen TL, Husted LB, Nyegaard M, Brixen K, Børglum AD, Mosekilde L, Andersen M, Rejnmark L, Langdahl BL. Polymorphisms of muscle genes are associated with bone mass and incident osteoporotic fractures in Caucasians. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:467-76. [PMID: 23370486 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between muscle and bone is complex. The aim of this study was to investigate if variations in the muscle genes myostatin (MSTN), its receptor (ACVR2B), myogenin (MYOG), and myoD1 (MYOD1) were associated with fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean body mass. We analyzed two independent cohorts: the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study (DOPS), comprising 2,016 perimenopausal women treated with hormone therapy or not and followed for 10 years, and the Odense Androgen Study (OAS), a cross-sectional, population-based study on 783 men aged 20-29 years. Nine tag SNPs in the four genes were investigated. In the DOPS, individuals homozygous for the variant allele of the MSTN SNP rs7570532 had an increased risk of any osteoporotic fracture, with an HR of 1.82 (95 % CI 1.15-2.90, p = 0.01), and of nonvertebral osteoporotic fracture, with an HR of 2.02 (95 % CI 1.20-3.41, p = 0.01). The same allele was associated with increased bone loss (BMC) at the total hip of 4.1 versus 0.5 % in individuals either heterozygous or homozygous for the common allele (p = 0.006), a reduced 10-year growth in bone area at the total hip of 0.4 versus 2.2 and 2.3 % in individuals heterozygous or homozygous for the common allele, respectively (p = 0.01), and a nonsignificantly increased 10-year loss of total-hip BMD of 4.4 versus 2.7 and 2.9 % in individuals heterozygous or homozygous for the common allele, respectively (p = 0.08). This study is the first to demonstrate an association between a variant in MSTN and fracture risk and bone loss. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Husted LB, Harsløf T, Stenkjær L, Carstens M, Jørgensen NR, Langdahl BL. Functional polymorphisms in the P2X7 receptor gene are associated with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:949-59. [PMID: 22707062 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The P2X(7) receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel. We investigated the effect of both loss-of-function and gain-of-function polymorphisms in the P2X(7) receptor gene on BMD and risk of vertebral fractures and found that five polymorphisms and haplotypes containing three of these polymorphisms were associated with BMD and fracture risk. INTRODUCTION The P2X(7) receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel. P2X(7) receptor knockout mice have reduced total bone mineral content, and because several functional polymorphisms have been identified in the human P2X(7) receptor gene, we wanted to investigate the effect of these polymorphisms on BMD and risk of vertebral fractures in a case-control study including 798 individuals. METHODS Genotyping was carried out using TaqMan assays. BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and vertebral fractures were assessed by lateral spinal X-rays. RESULTS The rare allele of a splice site polymorphism, 151 + 1: G-T, was associated with increased fracture risk and reduced BMD in women. Two other loss-of-function polymorphisms, Glu496Ala and Gly150Arg, were also associated with BMD. The Glu496Ala variant allele was associated with decreased lumbar spine BMD in women and decreased total hip BMD in men. The 150Arg allele was associated with decreased total hip BMD in women and men combined. The minor allele of the gain-of-function polymorphism, Ala348Thr, was associated with reduced fracture risk and increased BMD at all sites in men. The Gln460Arg variant allele, which has been associated with increased receptor function in monocytes, was associated with increased total hip BMD in women. With the exception of His155Tyr for which we found conflicting results in men and women, our results are consistent with the phenotype of the knockout mouse. Analysis of a haplotype containing Ala348Thr, Gln460Arg, and Glu496Ala showed that the effects of the haplotypes on BMD and fracture were driven by Ala348Thr in men and by Gln460Arg and Glu496Ala in women. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found that functional polymorphisms in the P2X(7) receptor gene and haplotypes containing three of these polymorphisms are associated with osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Husted
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu CT, Estrada K, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Amin N, Evangelou E, Li G, Minster RL, Carless MA, Kammerer CM, Oei L, Zhou Y, Alonso N, Dailiana Z, Eriksson J, García-Giralt N, Giroux S, Husted LB, Khusainova RI, Koromila T, Kung AW, Lewis JR, Masi L, Mencej-Bedrac S, Nogues X, Patel MS, Prezelj J, Richards JB, Sham PC, Spector T, Vandenput L, Xiao SM, Zheng HF, Zhu K, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Frost M, Goltzman D, González-Macías J, Karlsson M, Khusnutdinova EK, Kollia P, Langdahl BL, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Marc J, Mellström D, Ohlsson C, Olmos JM, Ralston SH, Riancho JA, Rousseau F, Urreizti R, Van Hul W, Zarrabeitia MT, Castano-Betancourt M, Demissie S, Grundberg E, Herrera L, Kwan T, Medina-Gómez C, Pastinen T, Sigurdsson G, Thorleifsson G, vanMeurs JB, Blangero J, Hofman A, Liu Y, Mitchell BD, O’Connell JR, Oostra BA, Rotter JI, Stefansson K, Streeten EA, Styrkarsdottir U, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tylavsky FA, Uitterlinden A, Cauley JA, Harris TB, Ioannidis JP, Psaty BM, Robbins JA, Zillikens MC, vanDuijn CM, Prince RL, Karasik D, Rivadeneira F, Kiel DP, Cupples LA, Hsu YH. Assessment of gene-by-sex interaction effect on bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2051-64. [PMID: 22692763 PMCID: PMC3447125 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in various bone phenotypes, including bone mineral density (BMD), is widely observed; however, the extent to which genes explain these sex differences is unclear. To identify variants with different effects by sex, we examined gene-by-sex autosomal interactions genome-wide, and performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and bioinformatics network analysis. We conducted an autosomal genome-wide meta-analysis of gene-by-sex interaction on lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD in 25,353 individuals from 8 cohorts. In a second stage, we followed up the 12 top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p < 1 × 10(-5) ) in an additional set of 24,763 individuals. Gene-by-sex interaction and sex-specific effects were examined in these 12 SNPs. We detected one novel genome-wide significant interaction associated with LS-BMD at the Chr3p26.1-p25.1 locus, near the GRM7 gene (male effect = 0.02 and p = 3.0 × 10(-5) ; female effect = -0.007 and p = 3.3 × 10(-2) ), and 11 suggestive loci associated with either FN- or LS-BMD in discovery cohorts. However, there was no evidence for genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10(-8) ) gene-by-sex interaction in the joint analysis of discovery and replication cohorts. Despite the large collaborative effort, no genome-wide significant evidence for gene-by-sex interaction was found to influence BMD variation in this screen of autosomal markers. If they exist, gene-by-sex interactions for BMD probably have weak effects, accounting for less than 0.08% of the variation in these traits per implicated SNP. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong
- Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Dept. Med, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melanie A. Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Candace M. Kammerer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ling Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Dailiana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sylvie Giroux
- URGHM, Centre de recherche du CHUQ/HSFA, Québec City, Canada
| | - Lise Bjerre Husted
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rita I. Khusainova
- Ufa Scientific Centre of RAS, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russia, Ufa
- Biological, Bashkir State University, Russia, Ufa
| | - Theodora Koromila
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Annie WaiChee Kung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joshua R. Lewis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Laura Masi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Mencej-Bedrac
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xavier Nogues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, UAB, Barcelone, Spain
| | - Millan S. Patel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janez Prezelj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Medicine, Human genetics and epidemiology & biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Su-Mei Xiao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Human genetics and epidemiology & biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kun Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Susana Balcells
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, Barcelone, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Morten Frost
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jesús González-Macías
- Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IFIMAV, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedics, Lund university, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elza K. Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Scientific Centre of RAS, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russia, Ufa
- Biological, Bashkir State University, Russia, Ufa
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bente Lomholt Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José M. Olmos
- Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IFIMAV, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - José A. Riancho
- Department of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IFIMAV, RETICEF, Santander, Spain
| | - François Rousseau
- URGHM, Centre de recherche du CHUQ/HSFA, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- The APOGEE-Net/CanGèneTest Network on Genetic Health Services and Policy, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, Barcelone, Spain
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Martha Castano-Betancourt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elin Grundberg
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Lizbeth Herrera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre
| | - Carolina Medina-Gómez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre
| | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Joyce B.J. vanMeurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genomics, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. O’Connell
- Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology & Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomic Initiative, the Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elizabeth A. Streeten
- Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Frances A. Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - John P.A. Ioannidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. vanDuijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology & Netherlands Consortium on Healthy Aging, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomic Initiative, the Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Richard L. Prince
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harsløf T, Tofteng CL, Husted LB, Nyegaard M, Børglum A, Carstens M, Stenkjær L, Brixen K, Eiken P, Jensen JEB, Mosekilde L, Rejnmark L, Langdahl BL. Polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene are associated with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2655-66. [PMID: 21104228 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stimulation of PPARγ turns mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes instead of osteoblasts. We investigated the effect of polymorphisms in the PPARγ gene on BMD and fracture risk in two Danish cohorts and found opposing effects of certain SNPs and haplotypes in the two cohorts probably owing to environmental factors. INTRODUCTION Stimulation of PPARγ causes development of mesenchymal stem cells to adipocytes instead of osteoblasts leading to decreased osteoblast number and BMD. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PPARG polymorphisms on BMD and fracture risk in two Danish cohorts: AROS, a case-control population comprising 809 individuals and DOPS, a population comprising 1,716 perimenopausal women allocated to hormone therapy or not at baseline and followed for 10 years. On the basis of linkage disequilibrium between SNPs throughout the gene and previous studies we chose 10 polymorphisms for investigation. METHODS In AROS, individuals heterozygous for the polymorphisms rs12497191, rs4135263, and rs1151999 had an increased risk of vertebral fractures (OR = 1.48-1.76, p = 0.005-0.04) compared with individuals homozygous for the common allele. In DOPS, individuals heterozygous for rs1151999 had an increased BMD at the hip sites (p ≤ 0.02). An interaction between rs1151999 and diet was found on BMD in both cohorts. RESULTS For the polymorphism rs1152003 there was an interaction with body weight on BMD at all sites in both cohorts (p ≤ 0.07). Stratified analyses revealed that in the high weight group in AROS individuals homozygous for the variant allele had a decreased BMD (p ≤ 0.02), whereas the same pattern was found in the low weight group in DOPS (p ≤ 0.03). A number of haplotype associations were found as well, the direction of which was opposite in the two cohorts. CONCLUSION Our study suggests an association SNPs in PPARG and haplotypes thereof and BMD and fracture risk. The effect however appears to be modifiable by environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine THG, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000, Århus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Harsløf T, Husted LB, Nyegaard M, Carstens M, Stenkjær L, Brixen K, Eiken P, Jensen JEB, Børglum AD, Mosekilde L, Rejnmark L, Langdahl BL. Polymorphisms in the ALOX12 gene and osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2249-59. [PMID: 21104233 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ALOX12 produces ligands for PPARγ thereby turning mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes instead of osteoblasts. We investigated the effect of polymorphisms in the ALOX12 gene on BMD and fracture risk in two Danish cohorts and found four polymorphisms and a haplotype thereof to be associated with BMD and fracture risk. INTRODUCTION Stimulation of the PPARγ with ligands produced by the ALOX enzymes drives mesenchymal stem cells in an adipocyte direction at the expense of osteoblasts leading to decreased osteoblast number and BMD. Previously, polymorphisms in the ALOX12 gene have been associated with osteoporosis. METHODS We examined the effect of ALOX12 polymorphisms on BMD and the risk of fractures in two Danish cohorts: AROS, a case-control population comprising 809 individuals and DOPS, a population comprising 1,716 perimenopausal women allocated to hormone therapy or not at baseline and followed for up to 10 years. On the basis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNPs throughout the gene and previous genetic association studies we chose ten polymorphisms for investigation. Genotyping was carried out using the Sequenom MassARRAY genotyping system and TaqMan assays. RESULTS In AROS, individuals heterozygous for the polymorphisms rs3840880, rs9897850, rs2292350 and rs1126667 had a 3.0-4.7% decreased lumbar spine BMD (p = 0.02-0.06) and an increased risk of vertebral fractures (p < 0.05) compared with individuals homozygous for either allele. In DOPS, none of the individual SNPs were associated with BMD or incident fractures. In both cohorts, the above-mentioned SNPs comprised an LD-block (pairwise D´ = 1.0, r (2) = 0.45-0.97). A haplotype comprising all the common alleles (frequency 9%) was associated with decreased bone loss at the hip (p < 0.05) and decreased incidence of osteoporotic fractures (p < 0.05) in DOPS and increased femoral neck BMD in AROS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that genetic variants in ALOX12 may influence BMD and fracture risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harsløf T, Husted LB, Carstens M, Stenkjaer L, Sørensen L, Pedersen SB, Langdahl BL. The expression and regulation of bone-acting cytokines in human peripheral adipose tissue in organ culture. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:477-82. [PMID: 21560112 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The humoral cross-talk between bone and fat is an area of increasing interest. We investigated the expression and regulation of the bone-acting cytokines; bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1). Subcutaneous adipose tissue was aspirated from lean, healthy women. Tissue samples were incubated with interleukin 1-β (IL1-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cortisol, troglitazone, IL1-β + troglitazone, or vehicle. Gene expression in the adipose tissue was analyzed using qPCR and protein levels in the incubation media were analyzed using ELISA. OPG expression and secretion was diminished by 40.8% and 43.1% respectively, by cortisol, and OPG expression was diminished by 67.5% by troglitazone (p<0.05). The proinflammatory cytokines IL1-β and TNF-α significantly increased the expression of CTGF (p<0.05) by 65.1% and 101.3%, respectively, and the expression and secretion of OGP by 62.3-165.8% (p<0.05). This interleukin 1-β mediated increase in CTGF- and OPG expression and secretion was ameliorated by troglitazone. Troglitazone and related drugs are known to have adverse effects on bone. We suggest that this could be mediated via altered cytokine production in adipose tissue. Moreover, obese individuals have a low-grade inflammation in their adipose tissue and have higher bone mineral density than lean individuals. We suggest that this inflammation may increase the expression and secretion of OPG and CTGF and thereby increase BMD. In conclusion, bone acting cytokines are produced in the adipose tissue and may affect bone through endocrine mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
González-Bofill N, Husted LB, Harsløf T, Tofteng CL, Abrahamsen B, Eiken P, Vestergaard P, Langdahl BL. Effects of COLIA1 polymorphisms and haplotypes on perimenopausal bone mass, postmenopausal bone loss and fracture risk. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1145-56. [PMID: 20571774 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED One thousand seven hundred seventeen perimenopausal women from the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study were genotyped for the -1997G/T, -1663indelT and +1245G/T polymorphisms in the COLIA1 gen. We found that the -1997T allele and a haplotype containing it were associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased bone turnover at menopause and after 10 years of follow-up. INTRODUCTION We wanted to investigate whether the -1997G/T, -1663indelT and +1245G/T polymorphisms in the COLIA1 gene are associated with perimenopausal bone mass, early postmenopausal bone loss and interact with hormone treatment. METHODS One thousand seven hundred seventeen perimenopausal women from the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study were genotyped, and haplotypes were determined. BMD was examined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Women carrying the -1997T variant had lower BMD at all measured sites: lumbar spine BMD 1.030 ± 0.137 g/cm(2), 1.016 ± 0.147 g/cm(2) and 0.988 ± 0.124 g/cm(2) in women with the GG, GT and TT genotypes, respectively (p < 0.05) and total hip BMD 0.921 ± 0.116 g/cm(2), 0.904 ± 0.123 g/cm(2) and 0.887 ± 0.109 g/cm(2) in women with the GG, GT and TT genotypes, respectively (p = 0.01). The effect remained after 10 years although statistical significance was lost. Haplotype 3 (-1997T-1663ins + 1245G) was associated with lower bone mass and higher levels of bone turnover. Compared with haplotype 1, haplotype 3 carriers had lower BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip by 0.016 ± 0.007 g/cm(2), 0.015 ± 0.006 g/cm(2) and 0.017 ± 0.006 g/cm(2), respectively (p < 0.05-0.005). No association with postmenopausal changes in bone mass and fracture risk and no overall interaction with the effects of hormone therapy could be demonstrated for any of the polymorphisms in COLIA1. CONCLUSIONS The -1997G/T polymorphism and haplotype 3 are significantly associated with perimenopausal bone mass, and these effects were sustained up to 10 years after menopause. No association between the -1663indelT or +1245G/T polymorphisms and peri- or postmenopausal bone mass could be demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N González-Bofill
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eriksen CG, Olsen H, Husted LB, Sørensen L, Carstens M, Søballe K, Langdahl BL. The expression of IL-6 by osteoblasts is increased in healthy elderly individuals: stimulated proliferation and differentiation are unaffected by age. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:414-23. [PMID: 20820764 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing age is associated with reduced bone mineral content and increased risk of fractures. This is caused by a relative insufficiency of osteoblasts compared with osteoclasts. We therefore wanted to examine the potential differences in proliferation, differentiation, and expression of cytokines between human osteoblasts (hOBs) obtained from young and elderly individuals. Cultures of hOBs were obtained from 11 elderly (73-85 years) and 15 young (21-27 years) healthy individuals. The cells were stimulated with hGH, IGF-I, hGH + IGF-I, and TGF-β1. Proliferation was evaluated by thymidine incorporation, and differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase, OPG, and PINP production. Expression of IL-6, TGF-β1, OPG, and RANKL was investigated using real-time PCR and three carefully selected housekeeping genes. Combined stimulation with hGH and IGF-I increased proliferation without differences between hOBs obtained from young and elderly individuals. hOBs from young individuals responded to stimulation with vitamin D with a more pronounced increase in alkaline phosphatase: 107 ± 17% vs. 43 ± 5%, P < 0.01. Stimulation with TGF-β1 decreased OPG production by hOBs from elderly individuals but not from young individuals, P < 0.05. hOBs from elderly individuals expressed significantly higher amounts of IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.05) and less OPG and TGF-β1 mRNA (P = 0.08 and P = 0.08, respectively) compared with hOBs from young individuals. In conclusion, hOBs from elderly individuals express more IL-6 mRNA and less OPG and TGF-β1 mRNA than hOBs from young individuals. This could partly explain the reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk seen in the elderly. hOBs from young and elderly individuals responded similarly to short-term stimulation of proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grith Eriksen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harsløf T, Husted LB, Carstens M, Stenkjaer L, Langdahl BL. Genotypes and haplotypes of the estrogen receptor genes, but not the retinoblastoma-interacting zinc finger protein 1 gene, are associated with osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:25-35. [PMID: 20508921 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common age-related disease with a strong genetic influence. Polymorphisms of ESR1 have consistently been shown to be associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture; however, in regulating bone metabolism, ESR1 interacts with both ESR2 and RIZ1. We therefore examined the effects of polymorphisms in the ESR1, ESR2, and RIZ1 genes and their haplotypes on vertebral fractures and BMD in a case-control study comprising 462 osteoporotic patients and 336 controls. In ESR1, we found the variant C allele of the XbaI polymorphism to be associated with decreased risk of vertebral fractures in women (P < 0.01), whereas in men, the T allele seemed protective (P = 0.05). The variant G allele of the PvuII polymorphism decreased the risk of vertebral fractures independently of lumbar spine BMD in women (P = 0.04) but had no effect in men. Haplotype X-P-H (XbaI:C, PvuII:G, and a high number of TA repeats) was associated with decreased risk of vertebral fractures in women (P = 0.04) but not men. In ESR2, the G allele of the AluI polymorphism was associated with increased fracture risk (P = 0.04), and the haplotype that comprises rs1256031:T and AluI:A increased lumbar spine BMD by 0.04 +/- 0.02 g/cm(2) (P < 0.05) and decreased the risk of vertebral fractures (P = 0.04). There was no effect of the RIZ1 polymorphism on BMD or fracture risk and no evidence of interaction between the polymorphisms and haplotypes thereof. We confirm that genetic variants in ESR1 and ESR2, but not RIZ1, are important in osteoporosis. We found no evidence of interaction between polymorphisms, but we found that the effects of genetic variants in ESR1 might be sex dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Husted LB, Harsløf T, Gonzalez-Bofill N, Schmitz A, Carstens M, Stenkjaer L, Langdahl BL. Haplotypes of promoter and intron 1 polymorphisms in the COLIA1 gene are associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 84:85-96. [PMID: 19082910 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common age-related disease with a strong genetic influence. COLIA1 is one of the most extensively studied candidate genes and has consistently been associated with BMD and fracture. We examined the effects of the polymorphisms -1997G>T, -1663indelT, and +1245G>T and their haplotypes on vertebral fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in a case-control study comprising 462 osteoporotic patients and 336 controls. The -1663indelT polymorphism was associated with a decreased lumbar spine (ls) BMD, 0.75 +/- 0.14 g/cm(2), in individuals with the del/del genotype versus 0.83 +/- 0.18 and 0.85 +/- 0.18 g/cm(2) in individuals with the ins/del and ins/ins genotypes, respectively (p = 0.02). The T-allele of the +1245G>T polymorphism, which was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with -1663indelT, was also associated with a decreased lsBMD (p = 0.02). -1997G>T was not significantly associated with lsBMD. The three most common haplotypes accounted for 98.5% of the alleles. Individuals with one or two copies of haplotype 1 (-1997G/-1663ins/+1245G) had a significantly higher lsBMD, 0.84 +/- 0.18 and 0.85 +/- 0.15 g/cm(2), respectively, versus 0.78 +/- 0.15 g/cm(2) in noncarriers (p = 0.01). Individuals with two copies of haplotype 2 (-1997G/-1663del/+1245T) had a significantly lower lsBMD, 0.76 +/- 0.14 g/cm(2), versus 0.85 +/- 0.18 and 0.82 +/- 0.18 g/cm(2), respectively, in individuals with zero or one copy (p = 0.03). The odds ratio for vertebral fracture in individuals carrying the variant T-allele of the -1997G>T polymorphism was 1.49 (CI, 1.03-2.16; p = 0.03). Logistic regression revealed that this effect was partly independent of BMD. In conclusion, the -1663del and +1245T alleles influence BMD negatively, whereas the -1997T-allele has a minor effect on BMD but increases the risk of vertebral fractures. These findings are in agreement with functional studies showing that these polymorphisms influence gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Husted
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Langdahl BL, Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Trikalinos TA, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Scollen S, Lips P, Lorenc R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Reid DM, Armas JB, Arp PP, Bassiti A, Bustamante M, Husted LB, Carey AH, Pérez Cano R, Dobnig H, Dunning AM, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Falchetti A, Karczmarewicz E, Kruk M, van Leeuwen JPTM, Masi L, van Meurs JBJ, Mangion J, McGuigan FEA, Mellibovsky L, Mosekilde L, Nogués X, Pols HAP, Reeve J, Renner W, Rivadeneira F, van Schoor NM, Ioannidis JPA. Large-scale analysis of association between polymorphisms in the transforming growth factor beta 1 gene (TGFB1) and osteoporosis: the GENOMOS study. Bone 2008; 42:969-81. [PMID: 18284942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The TGFB1 gene which encodes transforming growth factor beta 1, is a strong candidate for susceptibility to osteoporosis and several studies have reported associations between bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporotic fractures and polymorphisms of TGFB1, although these studies have yielded conflicting results. METHODS We investigated associations between TGFB1 polymorphisms and BMD and fracture in the GENOMOS study: a prospective multicenter study involving 10 European research studies including a total of 28,924 participants. Genotyping was conducted for known TGFB1 polymorphisms at the following sites: G-1639-A (G-800-A, rs1800468), C-1348-T (C-509-T, rs1800469), T29-C (Leu10Pro, rs1982073), G74-C (Arg25Pro, rs1800471) and C788-T (Thr263Ile, rs1800472). These polymorphisms were genotyped prospectively and methodology was standardized across research centers. Genotypes and haplotypes were related to BMD at the lumbar sine and femoral neck and fractures. RESULTS There were no significant differences in either women or men at either skeletal site for any of the examined polymorphisms with the possible exception of a weak association with reduced BMD (-12 mg/cm2) in men with the T-1348 allele (p<0.05). None of the haplotypes was associated with BMD and none of the polymorphisms or haplotypes significantly affected overall risk of fractures, however, the odds ratio for incident vertebral fracture in carriers of the rare T788 allele was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09-2.64), p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that polymorphic variation in the TGFB1 gene does not play a major role in regulating BMD or susceptibility to fractures. The weak associations we observed between the C-1348-T and lumbar spine BMD in men and between C788-T and risk of incident vertebral fractures are of interest but could be chance findings and will need replication in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bente L Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Meurs JBJ, Trikalinos TA, Ralston SH, Balcells S, Brandi ML, Brixen K, Kiel DP, Langdahl BL, Lips P, Ljunggren O, Lorenc R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Ohlsson C, Pettersson U, Reid DM, Rousseau F, Scollen S, Van Hul W, Agueda L, Akesson K, Benevolenskaya LI, Ferrari SL, Hallmans G, Hofman A, Husted LB, Kruk M, Kaptoge S, Karasik D, Karlsson MK, Lorentzon M, Masi L, McGuigan FEA, Mellström D, Mosekilde L, Nogues X, Pols HAP, Reeve J, Renner W, Rivadeneira F, van Schoor NM, Weber K, Ioannidis JPA, Uitterlinden AG. Large-scale analysis of association between LRP5 and LRP6 variants and osteoporosis. JAMA 2008; 299:1277-90. [PMID: 18349089 PMCID: PMC3282142 DOI: 10.1001/jama.299.11.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene cause rare syndromes characterized by altered bone mineral density (BMD). More common LRP5 variants may affect osteoporosis risk in the general population. OBJECTIVE To generate large-scale evidence on whether 2 common variants of LRP5 (Val667Met, Ala1330Val) and 1 variant of LRP6 (Ile1062Val) are associated with BMD and fracture risk. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective, multicenter, collaborative study of individual-level data on 37,534 individuals from 18 participating teams in Europe and North America. Data were collected between September 2004 and January 2007; analysis of the collected data was performed between February and May 2007. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fractures were identified via questionnaire, medical records, or radiographic documentation; incident fracture data were available for some cohorts, ascertained via routine surveillance methods, including radiographic examination for vertebral fractures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck; prevalence of all fractures and vertebral fractures. RESULTS The Met667 allele of LRP5 was associated with reduced lumbar spine BMD (n = 25,052 [number of participants with available data]; 20-mg/cm2 lower BMD per Met667 allele copy; P = 3.3 x 10(-8)), as was the Val1330 allele (n = 24,812; 14-mg/cm2 lower BMD per Val1330 copy; P = 2.6 x 10(-9)). Similar effects were observed for femoral neck BMD, with a decrease of 11 mg/cm2 (P = 3.8 x 10(-5)) and 8 mg/cm2 (P = 5.0 x 10(-6)) for the Met667 and Val1330 alleles, respectively (n = 25 193). Findings were consistent across studies for both LRP5 alleles. Both alleles were associated with vertebral fractures (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.47 for Met667 [2001 fractures among 20 488 individuals] and OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.24 for Val1330 [1988 fractures among 20,096 individuals]). Risk of all fractures was also increased with Met667 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24 per allele [7876 fractures among 31,435 individuals)]) and Val1330 (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12 per allele [7802 fractures among 31 199 individuals]). Effects were similar when adjustments were made for age, weight, height, menopausal status, and use of hormone therapy. Fracture risks were partly attenuated by adjustment for BMD. Haplotype analysis indicated that Met667 and Val1330 variants both independently affected BMD. The LRP6 Ile1062Val polymorphism was not associated with any osteoporosis phenotype. All aforementioned associations except that between Val1330 and all fractures and vertebral fractures remained significant after multiple-comparison adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Common LRP5 variants are consistently associated with BMD and fracture risk across different white populations. The magnitude of the effect is modest. LRP5 may be the first gene to reach a genome-wide significance level (a conservative level of significance [herein, unadjusted P < 10(-7)] that accounts for the many possible comparisons in the human genome) for a phenotype related to osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Knudsen S, Harsløf T, Husted LB, Carstens M, Stenkjaer L, Langdahl BL. The effect of interleukin-1alpha polymorphisms on bone mineral density and the risk of vertebral fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 2007; 80:21-30. [PMID: 17205326 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-006-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) stimulates bone resorption via osteoclasts. Mononuclear cells from patients with osteoporosis show increased IL-1alpha production, and IL-1alpha mRNA is more often detected in bone biopsies from osteoporotic compared to normal postmenopausal women. Polymorphisms have been identified in the IL-1alpha gene; however, none of these has been examined for an effect on bone phenotypes in Caucasians. We investigated if the polymorphisms in the IL-1alpha gene affect the risk of osteoporotic fractures, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover in 462 osteoporotic patients and 336 normal controls. Based on previous studies of polymorphisms in the gene and data from the International Hap-Map Project, four polymorphisms needed examination in order to investigate the effect of known polymorphisms in the IL-1alpha gene. We examined C(-1202)-T(rs1800794), C(-889)-T(rs1800587), T(155 + 209)-C(rs2071373), C(155 + 320)-T(rs2856838), and G(398)-T(rs 17561) by Taqman and restriction fragment-length polymorphism assays. BMD was examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone turnover was evaluated by serum osteocalcin, serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of human type I procollagen, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine. Genotype distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The C allele of the C(155 + 320)-T polymorphism tended to be more common among patients with vertebral fractures (P = 0.06) and patients with BMD T score <-2.5 (P = 0.05). Furthermore, haplotype 1 was associated with reduced risk of having BMD T score <-2.5 (P = 0.02). None of the other polymorphisms or haplotypes was associated with fracture risk or BMD T score <-2.5. BMD and bone turnover were not associated with any of the genetic variants. In conclusion, all the polymorphisms within the IL-1alpha gene are in strong linkage disequilibrium and not convincingly associated with fracture risk, BMD, or bone turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Knudsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens gade 2, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uitterlinden AG, Ralston SH, Brandi ML, Carey AH, Grinberg D, Langdahl BL, Lips P, Lorenc R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Reeve J, Reid DM, Amedei A, Amidei A, Bassiti A, Bustamante M, Husted LB, Diez-Perez A, Dobnig H, Dunning AM, Enjuanes A, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Fang Y, Karczmarewicz E, Kruk M, van Leeuwen JPTM, Mavilia C, van Meurs JBJ, Mangion J, McGuigan FEA, Pols HAP, Renner W, Rivadeneira F, van Schoor NM, Scollen S, Sherlock RE, Ioannidis JPA. The association between common vitamin D receptor gene variations and osteoporosis: a participant-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145:255-64. [PMID: 16908916 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been implicated in the genetic regulation of bone mineral density (BMD). However, the clinical impact of these variants remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between VDR polymorphisms, BMD, and fractures. DESIGN Prospective multicenter large-scale association study. SETTING The Genetic Markers for Osteoporosis consortium, involving 9 European research teams. PARTICIPANTS 26,242 participants (18,405 women). MEASUREMENTS Cdx2 promoter, FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms; BMD at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine by dual x-ray absorptiometry; and fractures. RESULTS Comparisons of BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck showed nonsignificant differences less than 0.011 g/cm2 for any genotype with or without adjustments. A total of 6067 participants reported a history of fracture, and 2088 had vertebral fractures. For all VDR alleles, odds ratios for fractures were very close to 1.00 (range, 0.98 to 1.02) and collectively the 95% CIs ranged from 0.94 (lowest) to 1.07 (highest). For vertebral fractures, we observed a 9% (95% CI, 0% to 18%; P = 0.039) risk reduction for the Cdx2 A-allele (13% risk reduction in a dominant model). LIMITATIONS The authors analyzed only selected VDR polymorphisms. Heterogeneity was detected in some analyses and may reflect some differences in collection of fracture data across cohorts. Not all fractures were related to osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS The FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI VDR polymorphisms are not associated with BMD or with fractures, but the Cdx2 polymorphism may be associated with risk for vertebral fractures.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ralston SH, Uitterlinden AG, Brandi ML, Balcells S, Langdahl BL, Lips P, Lorenc R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Scollen S, Bustamante M, Husted LB, Carey AH, Diez-Perez A, Dunning AM, Falchetti A, Karczmarewicz E, Kruk M, van Leeuwen JPTM, van Meurs JBJ, Mangion J, McGuigan FEA, Mellibovsky L, del Monte F, Pols HAP, Reeve J, Reid DM, Renner W, Rivadeneira F, van Schoor NM, Sherlock RE, Ioannidis JPA. Large-scale evidence for the effect of the COLIA1 Sp1 polymorphism on osteoporosis outcomes: the GENOMOS study. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e90. [PMID: 16475872 PMCID: PMC1370920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and fracture risk are considered to be under genetic control. Extensive work is being performed to identify the exact genetic variants that determine this risk. Previous work has suggested that a G/T polymorphism affecting an Sp1 binding site in the COLIA1 gene is a genetic marker for low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fracture, but there have been no very-large-scale studies of COLIA1 alleles in relation to these phenotypes. METHODS AND FINDINGS Here we evaluated the role of COLIA1 Sp1 alleles as a predictor of BMD and fracture in a multicenter study involving 20,786 individuals from several European countries. At the femoral neck, the average (95% confidence interval [CI]) BMD values were 25 mg/cm2 (CI, 16 to 34 mg/cm2) lower in TT homozygotes than the other genotype groups (p < 0.001), and a similar difference was observed at the lumbar spine; 21 mg/cm2 (CI, 1 to 42 mg/cm2), (p = 0.039). These associations were unaltered after adjustment for potential confounding factors. There was no association with fracture overall (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01 [CI, 0.95 to 1.08]) in either unadjusted or adjusted analyses, but there was a non-significant trend for association with vertebral fracture and a nominally significant association with incident vertebral fractures in females (OR = 1.33 [CI, 1.00 to 1.77]) that was independent of BMD, and unaltered in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Allowing for the inevitable heterogeneity between participating teams, this study-which to our knowledge is the largest ever performed in the field of osteoporosis genetics for a single gene-demonstrates that the COLIA1 Sp1 polymorphism is associated with reduced BMD and could predispose to incident vertebral fractures in women, independent of BMD. The associations we observed were modest however, demonstrating the importance of conducting studies that are adequately powered to detect and quantify the effects of common genetic variants on complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Ralston
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dolmer K, Husted LB, Armstrong PB, Sottrup-Jensen L. Localisation of the major reactive lysine residue involved in the self-crosslinking of proteinase-activated Limulus alpha 2-macroglobulin. FEBS Lett 1996; 393:37-40. [PMID: 8804419 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
When alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) from the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, reacts with proteinases, its thiol esters, like those of other alpha-macroglobulins, become activated, leading to the formation of covalently crosslinked species that can be detected as high molecular weight bands in reducing SDS-PAGE. While other alpha-macroglobulins extensively form crosslinks to the reacting proteinase, Limulus alpha 2M does not. It rather becomes internally crosslinked. It was found from N-terminal sequence analysis of purified [14C]carboxymethylated peptides from Limulus alpha 2M-trypsin complexes that an isopeptide bond formed in approx. 60% yield from the thiol esterified Gln-1002 specifically to Lys-254 in the opposing monomer of the disulphide bridged dimer is the main cause of the internal crosslinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Dolmer
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|