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Salogni C, Bertasio C, Accini A, Gibelli LR, Pigoli C, Susini F, Podavini E, Scali F, Varisco G, Alborali GL. The Characterisation of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated in an Outbreak of Septicaemic Disease in Farmed Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaues 1758) in Italy. Pathogens 2024; 13:49. [PMID: 38251356 PMCID: PMC10820654 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In aquaculture, Lactococcus garvieae is a common fish pathogen that can cause significant economic losses in several fresh and saltwater species. Despite the extensive range of hosts, L. garvieae infection in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) has rarely been reported. During the summer of 2023, an outbreak occurred in an inland farm in the Gulf of Follonica (Tuscany, Italy). Fish of various sizes were affected, showing apathy, inappetence, erratic swimming and eye lesions, while the mortality was low (2-3% per month). Anatomopathological examinations suggested a septicaemic infection characterised by melanosis, diffuse redness (skin and fins), paleness (gills and internal organs), haemorrhages and splenomegaly. Seventy swabs from the viscera of 14 subjects were collected and colonies similar to Streptococcus spp. grew from all the samples. Lactococcus garvieae was identified via the biochemical tests, API20STREP, MALDI-TOF, 16S rDNA and whole genome sequencing. Genetical characterisation revealed remarkable differences between this isolate and the strains previously isolated in Italian fish farms. Feed treatments with flumequine and erythromycin were ineffective. Considering the limited effects of antimicrobials, preventive measures, such as vaccination and biosecurity, should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Salogni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.); (L.R.G.); (C.P.); (E.P.); (G.V.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Cristina Bertasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.); (L.R.G.); (C.P.); (E.P.); (G.V.); (G.L.A.)
| | | | - Lucia Rita Gibelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.); (L.R.G.); (C.P.); (E.P.); (G.V.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Claudio Pigoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.); (L.R.G.); (C.P.); (E.P.); (G.V.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Francesca Susini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 00178 Roma, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Podavini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.); (L.R.G.); (C.P.); (E.P.); (G.V.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.); (L.R.G.); (C.P.); (E.P.); (G.V.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Giorgio Varisco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.); (L.R.G.); (C.P.); (E.P.); (G.V.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.B.); (L.R.G.); (C.P.); (E.P.); (G.V.); (G.L.A.)
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Cappelleri A, Minoli L, Pigoli C, Costa A, Zaghini L, Bassanini L, Sinelli M, Perri M, Luini MV, Tagliabue G, Gibelli LR, Scanziani E. Retrospective study of tumors from cattle slaughtered in Lombardy (Italy): preliminary evaluation on the establishment of a bovine cancer registry. Vet Ital 2022; 58:67-75. [PMID: 36398667 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2421.15367.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forty‑one tumors were detected in a population of 1,649,003 cattle slaughtered in 4 abattoirs in Lombardy over a 5‑year period, for an overall prevalence of 2.5 tumors per 100,000 cattle. Tumors were classified according to the WHO histological classification of tumors of domestic animals. Alimentary and hemopoietic systems were commonly affected with 9 cases each. Other affected sites were the respiratory (n = 3), urinary (n = 2), endocrine (n = 2), musculoskeletal (n = 2), nervous (n = 1), and cardiovascular (n = 1) systems. The peritoneum was affected by 6 cases, while the primary location of 3 tumors of the connective tissues and 3 metastatic carcinomas was unidentified. Liver tumors and mesotheliomas, for which environmental risk factors are well‑known in humans, were common, as well as tumors typically encountered in pediatric human patients (tumors of mesenchymal tissues, pulmonary blastomas and nephroblastomas). These findings suggest the useful role of bovines as sentinel and model for human carcinogenesis. Our study indicates that the establishment of a bovine cancer registry in Lombardy is feasible considering its potential contribution to understanding the role of environmental risk factors in the genesis of tumors in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cappelleri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Milan, Italy.
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Milan, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Pigoli
- Laboratorio di Istologia, Sede Territoriale di Milano, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Giovanni Celoria 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Loris Zaghini
- ATS della Val Padana, Sede Territoriale di Mantova, Italy
| | - Luca Bassanini
- ATS Città Metropolitana di Milano, Sede Territoriale di Lodi, Italy
| | - Massimo Sinelli
- ATS Città Metropolitana di Milano, Sede Territoriale di Lodi, Italy
| | - Marina Perri
- ATS Città Metropolitana di Milano, Sede Territoriale di Lodi, Italy
| | - Mario Vittorio Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tagliabue
- Cancer Registry Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. giovanna
| | - Lucia Rita Gibelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Milan, Italy
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Pigoli C, Tranquillo V, Gibelli LR, Gaffuri A, Alborali GL, Pacciarini M, Zanoni M, Boniotti MB, Sironi G, Caniatti M, Grieco V. Mycobacterium microti Infection in Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa): Histopathology Analysis Suggests Containment of the Infection. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:734919. [PMID: 34589536 PMCID: PMC8473807 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The European wild boar (WB) (Sus scrofa) population has rapidly expanded over the years, raising public health concerns over the species reservoir of several pathogens, including Mycobacterium microti (Mm), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex member. In this study, we aimed to investigate the Mm natural infection in WB in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Italian regions by statistically evaluating the granulomatous lesions' histological features and Mm microbiological isolation. We analyzed 103 WB retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes (LNs) for Mm identified by gyrB PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and were retrospectively selected and histologically assessed. For each sample, Hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen stained slides were evaluated. Considered histological variables were: the number of granulomas, size and maturational stage of granulomas, granulomas completeness within the section, number of multinucleated giant macrophages (MGMs), and acid-fast (AF) bacilli per granuloma. Furthermore, Mm microbiological results were also considered. Mm microbiological isolation was negatively influenced by granulomas maturation and positively affected by AF bacilli's presence within the section. Granuloma maturation was positively influenced by granuloma size and granuloma incompleteness and negatively affected by the number of granulomas in the section and the number of MGMs within the granuloma. The results indicate that granuloma maturation should ensures an efficient containment of Mm infection in the WB, suggesting that the intra-species transmission of the disease might be an unlikely event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pigoli
- Laboratorio di Istologia, Sede Territoriale di Milano, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Milan, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Vito Tranquillo
- Sede Territoriale di Bergamo, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lucia Rita Gibelli
- Laboratorio di Istologia, Sede Territoriale di Milano, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gaffuri
- Sede Territoriale di Bergamo, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Sede Territoriale di Brescia, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Pacciarini
- Dipartimento Tutela e Salute Animale, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Tubercolosi da Mycobacterium bovis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Zanoni
- Sede Territoriale di Brescia, Dipartimento Area Territoriale Lombardia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Dipartimento Tutela e Salute Animale, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per la Tubercolosi da Mycobacterium bovis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sironi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Trogu T, Canziani S, Salvato S, Bianchi A, Bertoletti I, Gibelli LR, Alborali GL, Barbieri I, Gaffuri A, Sala G, Sozzi E, Lelli D, Lavazza A, Moreno A. Canine Distemper Outbreaks in Wild Carnivores in Northern Italy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010099. [PMID: 33450828 PMCID: PMC7828270 DOI: 10.3390/v13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD) is a fatal, highly contagious disease of wild and domestic carnivores. In the Alpine territory, several outbreaks have occurred in the past few decades within wild populations. This study investigated the presence of canine distemper virus (CDV) infections in wild carnivores in Lombardy, relating to the different circulating genotypes. From 2018 to 2020, foxes, badgers, and martens collected during passive surveillance were subjected to necropsy and histological examination, showing classical signs and microscopic lesions related to CDV. Pools of viscera from each animal were analysed by molecular methods and immunoelectron microscopy. Total prevalences of 39.7%, 52.6%, and 14.3% were recorded in foxes, badgers, and stone martens, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences obtained belonged to the European 1 lineage and were divided into two different clades (a and b) according to the geographical conformation of alpine valleys included in the study. Clade a was related to the European outbreaks originating from Germany in 2006–2010, while clade b was closely related to the CDV sequences originating from northeastern Italy during the 2011–2018 epidemic wave. Our results suggest that CDV is currently well adapted to wild carnivores, mostly circulating with subclinical manifestations and without severe impact on the dynamics of these populations.
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De Lorenzi G, Battaglia L, Rovesti GL, Pacciarini M, Zanoni M, Gibelli LR, Pigoli C, Luppi A. Acute lameness in a cat with disseminated mycobacteriosis. Vet Ital 2020; 56:199-204. [PMID: 33543916 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2017.10870.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium infection was diagnosed in an adult cat showing acute lameness of the right hind limb, enlargement of the right popliteal lymph node and two cutaneous nodular lesions of the right chest wall. Conventional radiography of the proximal tibia showed a proliferative osteolytic lesion. Cytological examination of the right popliteal lymph node and the nodular skin lesions fine needle aspiration smears, demonstrated granulomatous inflammation with many negative staining bacilli within macrophages or in smears background. The diagnosis was confirmed by Ziehl‑Neelsen staining of the smears and the identification of mycobacteria was performed by microbiological and molecular methods. Histopathology performed after the necropsy revealed disseminated mycobacteriosis with granulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis, granulomatous pneumonia, hepatitis and tibial osteomyelitis. M. avium is a well‑known agent of gastro‑enteric, respiratory or disseminated disease in immunocompromised cats but there are few cases reported in literature of bone involvement in systemic mycobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia De Lorenzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luca Battaglia
- Miller Veterinary Clinic, Via della Costituzione 10, 42025 Cavriago, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Gian Luca Rovesti
- Miller Veterinary Clinic, Via della Costituzione 10, 42025 Cavriago, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Maria Pacciarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Zanoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Lucia Rita Gibelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Pigoli
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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Gallina L, Savini F, Casà G, Bertoletti I, Bianchi A, Gibelli LR, Lelli D, Lavazza A, Scagliarini A. Epitheliotropic Infections in Wildlife Ruminants From the Central Alps and Stelvio National Park. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:229. [PMID: 32426384 PMCID: PMC7203578 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mountain chain of the Alps, represents the habitat of alpine fauna where the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population is the outmost numerous, followed by the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and the alpine ibex (Capra ibex) at higher altitudes. Previous reports showed the circulation of epitheliotropic viruses, belonging to the families Papillomaviridae and Poxviridae, causing skin and mucosal lesions in wild ruminants of the Stelvio National Park, situated in the area. To deepen our knowledge on the natural dynamics of the infections, a passive surveillance on all the cases of proliferative skin and mucosal lesions in wild ruminants was performed. Twenty-seven samples (11 chamois, 10 red deer and 6 ibex) collected from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed by negative staining electron microscopy, histology, and PCR followed by genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Results confirmed the spread of Parapoxvirus of Red Deer in New Zealand (PVNZ) in Italy, and its ability to cause severe lesions i.e., erosions and ulcers in the mouth. We showed for the first time a PVNZ/CePV1v (C. elaphus papillomavirus 1 variant) co-infection identified in one red deer. This result supports previous evidence on the ability of papillomavirus and parapoxvirus to mutually infect the same host tissue. Interestingly two ibex and one chamois showing orf virus (OV) skin lesions were shown to be co-infected with bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2. The presence of bovine papillomavirus, in orf virus induced lesions of chamois and ibex raises the question of its pathogenetic role in these animal species. For the first time, OV/CePV1v co-infection was demonstrated in another chamois. CePV1v is sporadically reported in red deer throughout Europe and is considered species specific, its identification in a chamois suggests its ability of cross-infecting different animal species. Poxviruses and papillomavirus have been simultaneously detected also in the skin lesions of cattle, bird and human suggesting a possible advantageous interaction between these viruses. Taken together, our findings add further information on the epidemiology and pathogenetic role of epitheliotropic viruses in wild ruminants living in the central Alps and in Stelvio National Park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Bertoletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Rita Gibelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Pigoli C, Gibelli LR, Caniatti M, Moretti L, Sironi G, Giudice C. Bleaching melanin in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded melanoma specimens using visible light: a pilot study. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63. [PMID: 31833329 PMCID: PMC6829521 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In fluorescence microscopy, light radiation can be used to bleach fluorescent molecules in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, in order to increase the ratio between signal of interest and background autofluorescence. We tested if the same principle can be exploited in bright field microscopy to bleach pigmented melanoma FFPE sections together with cell morphology maintenance. After dewaxing and rehydration, serial FFPE sections of a feline diffuse iris melanoma, a canine dermal melanoma, a gray horse dermal melanoma and a swine cutaneous melanoma were irradiated with visible light for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days, prior to Hematoxylin & Eosin staining. Complete bleaching was obtained after 1-day treatment in feline and swine melanomas, while 2 and 3 days were required in canine and equine neoplasms, respectively. In all treated samples, cell morphology was maintained. Photo-induced bleaching combined with immunohistochemistry was tested after a 3-day photo-treatment using five different markers. According to the literature, in all samples neoplastic cells stained positive for vimentin, S100 and PNL2, while negative for FVIII and pancytokeratin. In conclusion, visible light can be effectively exploited to bleach pigmented melanoma FFPE sections prior to perform routine histochemical and immunohistochemical stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pigoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Lodi.
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Moreno A, Sozzi E, Grilli G, Gibelli LR, Gelmetti D, Lelli D, Chiari M, Prati P, Alborali GL, Boniotti MB, Lavazza A, Cordioli P. Detection and molecular analysis of Pseudorabies virus strains isolated from dogs and a wild boar in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2015; 177:359-65. [PMID: 25912160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aujeszky's disease (AD) is one of the most economically important diseases of farmed pigs. Wild boars can act as reservoirs and might represent a potential threat for domestic animals, including dogs. The aim of this study was to report the results of an AD survey based on the Pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome detection in samples of dogs clinically suspected of AD and of wild boars collected during four consecutive hunting seasons in the period 2010-2014. Genomic characterization was based on the partial gC sequence of the Italian strains and the comparison with those from domestic pigs and European PRV strains circulating in wild boars. The Italian PRV strains were mainly distributed into three different clusters and revealed two interesting findings. First, there was a clear distinction between the viral strains that were isolated from dogs used for hunting and subsequently traced back to wild boars and the strains that were isolated from working dogs and subsequently found to be closely related to domestic pigs. Second, the Italian epidemiological situation was found to be different from those of European countries in that the Italian situation was characterized by the presence of both the typical Italian clades 1 and 2 and supported by new patterns of aa deletions/insertions. Italian clade 1 included strains from hunting dogs and two Italian wild boars, and Italian clade 2 grouped with recent strains from dogs that were unable to hunt and domestic pigs that were related to one old reference strain (S66) and not included elsewhere. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of PRV strains are therefore necessary to improve the understanding of the distribution of the PRV clusters and their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moreno
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Enrica Sozzi
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Guido Grilli
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Lucia Rita Gibelli
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Gelmetti
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Davide Lelli
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mario Chiari
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Paola Prati
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lavazza
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cordioli
- National Reference Center for Aujeszky Disease - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
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