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Campeau A, Vachon D, Bishop K, Nilsson MB, Wallin MB. Autumn destabilization of deep porewater CO 2 store in a northern peatland driven by turbulent diffusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6857. [PMID: 34824219 PMCID: PMC8616934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep porewater of northern peatlands stores large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). This store is viewed as a stable feature in the peatland CO2 cycle. Here, we report large and rapid fluctuations in deep porewater CO2 concentration recurring every autumn over four consecutive years in a boreal peatland. Estimates of the vertical diffusion of heat indicate that CO2 diffusion occurs at the turbulent rather than molecular rate. The weakening of porewater thermal stratification in autumn likely increases turbulent diffusion, thus fostering a rapid diffusion of deeper porewater CO2 towards the surface where net losses occur. This phenomenon periodically decreases the peat porewater CO2 store by between 29 and 90 g C m-2 throughout autumn, which is comparable to the peatland's annual C-sink. Our results establish the need to consider the role of turbulent diffusion in regularly destabilizing the CO2 store in peat porewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campeau
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Air, Water and Landscape, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - D Vachon
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K Bishop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M B Wallin
- Department of Air, Water and Landscape, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Rinne J, Tuovinen JP, Klemedtsson L, Aurela M, Holst J, Lohila A, Weslien P, Vestin P, Łakomiec P, Peichl M, Tuittila ES, Heiskanen L, Laurila T, Li X, Alekseychik P, Mammarella I, Ström L, Crill P, Nilsson MB. Effect of the 2018 European drought on methane and carbon dioxide exchange of northern mire ecosystems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190517. [PMID: 32892729 PMCID: PMC7485098 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We analysed the effect of the 2018 European drought on greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange of five North European mire ecosystems. The low precipitation and high summer temperatures in Fennoscandia led to a lowered water table in the majority of these mires. This lowered both carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and methane (CH4) emission during 2018, turning three out of the five mires from CO2 sinks to sources. The calculated radiative forcing showed that the drought-induced changes in GHG fluxes first resulted in a cooling effect lasting 15–50 years, due to the lowered CH4 emission, which was followed by warming due to the lower CO2 uptake. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rinne
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - J-P Tuovinen
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Klemedtsson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Aurela
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Holst
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - A Lohila
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Weslien
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Vestin
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - P Łakomiec
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - M Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish Agricultural University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E-S Tuittila
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.,School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - L Heiskanen
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Laurila
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - X Li
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Alekseychik
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Mammarella
- INAR Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Ström
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - P Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - M B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish Agricultural University, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Bechtold M, De Lannoy GJM, Koster RD, Reichle RH, Mahanama SP, Bleuten W, Bourgault MA, Brümmer C, Burdun I, Desai AR, Devito K, Grünwald T, Grygoruk M, Humphreys ER, Klatt J, Kurbatova J, Lohila A, Munir TM, Nilsson MB, Price JS, Röhl M, Schneider A, Tiemeyer B. PEAT-CLSM: A Specific Treatment of Peatland Hydrology in the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model. J Adv Model Earth Syst 2019; 11:2130-2162. [PMID: 33101595 PMCID: PMC7580791 DOI: 10.1029/2018ms001574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are poorly represented in global Earth system modeling frameworks. Here we add a peatland-specific land surface hydrology module (PEAT-CLSM) to the Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) of the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) framework. The amended TOPMODEL approach of the original CLSM that uses topography characteristics to model catchment processes is discarded, and a peatland-specific model concept is realized in its place. To facilitate its utilization in operational GEOS efforts, PEAT-CLSM uses the basic structure of CLSM and the same global input data. Parameters used in PEAT-CLSM are based on literature data. A suite of CLSM and PEAT-CLSM simulations for peatland areas between 40°N and 75°N is presented and evaluated against a newly compiled data set of groundwater table depth and eddy covariance observations of latent and sensible heat fluxes in natural and seminatural peatlands. CLSM's simulated groundwater tables are too deep and variable, whereas PEAT-CLSM simulates a mean groundwater table depth of -0.20 m (snow-free unfrozen period) with moderate temporal fluctuations (standard deviation of 0.10 m), in significantly better agreement with in situ observations. Relative to an operational CLSM version that simply includes peat as a soil class, the temporal correlation coefficient is increased on average by 0.16 and reaches 0.64 for bogs and 0.66 for fens when driven with global atmospheric forcing data. In PEAT-CLSM, runoff is increased on average by 38% and evapotranspiration is reduced by 19%. The evapotranspiration reduction constitutes a significant improvement relative to eddy covariance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bechtold
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - G. J. M. De Lannoy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - R. D. Koster
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - R. H. Reichle
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S. P. Mahanama
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
| | - W. Bleuten
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Bourgault
- Département des sciences de la Terre et de l’atmosphère-GEOTOP Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - C. Brümmer
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - I. Burdun
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A. R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K. Devito
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - T. Grünwald
- Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - M. Grygoruk
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. R. Humphreys
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Klatt
- Institute for Meteorology and Climatology-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - J. Kurbatova
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Lohila
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. M. Munir
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M. B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J. S. Price
- Wetlands Hydrology Lab, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Röhl
- Institute of Landscape and Environment, HfWU Nürtingen, Nürtingen, Germany
| | - A. Schneider
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B. Tiemeyer
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Limpens J, Granath G, Aerts R, Heijmans MMPD, Sheppard LJ, Bragazza L, Williams BL, Rydin H, Bubier J, Moore T, Rochefort L, Mitchell EAD, Buttler A, van den Berg LJL, Gunnarsson U, Francez AJ, Gerdol R, Thormann M, Grosvernier P, Wiedermann MM, Nilsson MB, Hoosbeek MR, Bayley S, Nordbakken JF, Paulissen MPCP, Hotes S, Breeuwer A, Ilomets M, Tomassen HBM, Leith I, Xu B. Glasshouse vs field experiments: do they yield ecologically similar results for assessing N impacts on peat mosses? New Phytol 2012; 195:408-418. [PMID: 22537052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
• Peat bogs have accumulated more atmospheric carbon (C) than any other terrestrial ecosystem today. Most of this C is associated with peat moss (Sphagnum) litter. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can decrease Sphagnum production, compromising the C sequestration capacity of peat bogs. The mechanisms underlying the reduced production are uncertain, necessitating multifactorial experiments. • We investigated whether glasshouse experiments are reliable proxies for field experiments for assessing interactions between N deposition and environment as controls on Sphagnum N concentration and production. We performed a meta-analysis over 115 glasshouse experiments and 107 field experiments. • We found that glasshouse and field experiments gave similar qualitative and quantitative estimates of changes in Sphagnum N concentration in response to N application. However, glasshouse-based estimates of changes in production--even qualitative assessments-- diverged from field experiments owing to a stronger N effect on production response in absence of vascular plants in the glasshouse, and a weaker N effect on production response in presence of vascular plants compared to field experiments. • Thus, although we need glasshouse experiments to study how interacting environmental factors affect the response of Sphagnum to increased N deposition, we need field experiments to properly quantify these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Limpens
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Granath
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Aerts
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Systems Ecology, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L J Sheppard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland
| | - L Bragazza
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Batiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B L Williams
- Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Rydin
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Bubier
- Mount Holyoke College, Environmental Studies Department, Clapp Laboratory, 50 College Street, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, USA
| | - T Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - L Rochefort
- Department of Plant Sciences, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - E A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - A Buttler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Batiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS - INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - L J L van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - U Gunnarsson
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A-J Francez
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO & FR90 CAREN, Rennes University, CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - R Gerdol
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Thormann
- Aquilon Environmental Consulting Ltd., 3111 Spence Wynd SW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6X 0H7
| | - P Grosvernier
- LIN'eco, Case postale 80, 2732 Reconvilier, Switzerland
| | - M M Wiedermann
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M B Nilsson
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M R Hoosbeek
- Earth System Science - Climate Change, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Bayley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - J-F Nordbakken
- The Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Postbox 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - M P C P Paulissen
- Alterra, Team Ecological Modelling and Monitoring, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Hotes
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Breeuwer
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Ilomets
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, EE-10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - I Leith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland
| | - B Xu
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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5
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Limpens J, Granath G, Gunnarsson U, Aerts R, Bayley S, Bragazza L, Bubier J, Buttler A, van den Berg LJL, Francez AJ, Gerdol R, Grosvernier P, Heijmans MMPD, Hoosbeek MR, Hotes S, Ilomets M, Leith I, Mitchell EAD, Moore T, Nilsson MB, Nordbakken JF, Rochefort L, Rydin H, Sheppard LJ, Thormann M, Wiedermann MM, Williams BL, Xu B. Climatic modifiers of the response to nitrogen deposition in peat-forming Sphagnum mosses: a meta-analysis. New Phytol 2011; 191:496-507. [PMID: 21434930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands in the northern hemisphere have accumulated more atmospheric carbon (C) during the Holocene than any other terrestrial ecosystem, making peatlands long-term C sinks of global importance. Projected increases in nitrogen (N) deposition and temperature make future accumulation rates uncertain. Here, we assessed the impact of N deposition on peatland C sequestration potential by investigating the effects of experimental N addition on Sphagnum moss. We employed meta-regressions to the results of 107 field experiments, accounting for sampling dependence in the data. We found that high N loading (comprising N application rate, experiment duration, background N deposition) depressed Sphagnum production relative to untreated controls. The interactive effects of presence of competitive vascular plants and high tissue N concentrations indicated intensified biotic interactions and altered nutrient stochiometry as mechanisms underlying the detrimental N effects. Importantly, a higher summer temperature (mean for July) and increased annual precipitation intensified the negative effects of N. The temperature effect was comparable to an experimental application of almost 4 g N m(-2) yr(-1) for each 1°C increase. Our results indicate that current rates of N deposition in a warmer environment will strongly inhibit C sequestration by Sphagnum-dominated vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Limpens
- Nature Conservation & Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Granath
- Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Gunnarsson
- Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Aerts
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Systems Ecology, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Bayley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - L Bragazza
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Ecological Systems - ECOS, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Bubier
- Mount Holyoke College, Environmental Studies Program, Clapp Laboratory, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - A Buttler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Ecological Systems - ECOS, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS - INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - L J L van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A-J Francez
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO & FR90 CAREN, Rennes University, CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - R Gerdol
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Grosvernier
- LIN'eco, Case postale 80, 2732 Reconvilier, Switzerland
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Nature Conservation & Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M R Hoosbeek
- Earth System Science - Climate Change, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Hotes
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Ilomets
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, EE-10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - I Leith
- CEH Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - E A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - T Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - M B Nilsson
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J-F Nordbakken
- The Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Postbox 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - L Rochefort
- Department of Plant Sciences, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - H Rydin
- Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L J Sheppard
- CEH Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - M Thormann
- Aquilon Environmental Consulting Ltd. 3111 Spence Wynd SW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6X 0H7
| | - M M Wiedermann
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - B L Williams
- Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - B Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Manley (Chairman) G, Carlsson A, Ahlborg B, Mårtensson Å, Nilsson MB, Lane H, Balazs A, Vaalburg A, Wong D, van Splunter P. J07 Guidelines for the oral health of adults with Huntington's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.222661.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Nilsson MB, Zage PE, Zeng L, Xu L, Cascone T, Wu HK, Saigal B, Zweidler-McKay PA, Heymach JV. Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases regulate HIF-1α and HIF-2α in normoxia and hypoxia in neuroblastoma: implications for antiangiogenic mechanisms of multikinase inhibitors. Oncogene 2010; 29:2938-49. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Xu L, Nilsson MB, Saintigny P, Cascone T, Herynk MH, Du Z, Nikolinakos PG, Yang Y, Prudkin L, Liu D, Lee JJ, Johnson FM, Wong KK, Girard L, Gazdar AF, Minna JD, Kurie JM, Wistuba II, Heymach JV. Epidermal growth factor receptor regulates MET levels and invasiveness through hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncogene 2010; 29:2616-27. [PMID: 20154724 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established that amplification of the MET proto-oncogene can cause resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with EGFR-activating mutations. The role of non-amplified MET in EGFR-dependent signaling before TKI resistance, however, is not well understood. Using NSCLC cell lines and transgenic models, we demonstrate here that EGFR activation by either mutation or ligand binding increases MET gene expression and protein levels. Our analysis of 202 NSCLC patient specimens was consistent with these observations: levels of MET were significantly higher in NSCLC with EGFR mutations than in NSCLC with wild-type EGFR. EGFR regulation of MET levels in cell lines occurred through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha pathway in a hypoxia-independent manner. This regulation was lost, however, after MET gene amplification or overexpression of a constitutively active form of HIF-1alpha. EGFR- and hypoxia-induced invasiveness of NSCLC cells, but not cell survival, were found to be MET dependent. These findings establish that, absent MET amplification, EGFR signaling can regulate MET levels through HIF-1alpha and that MET is a key downstream mediator of EGFR-induced invasiveness in EGFR-dependent NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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McCarty MF, Bielenberg DR, Nilsson MB, Gershenwald JE, Barnhill RL, Ahearne P, Bucana CD, Fidler IJ. Epidermal hyperplasia overlying human melanoma correlates with tumour depth and angiogenesis. Melanoma Res 2003; 13:379-87. [PMID: 12883364 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200308000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether epidermal hyperplasia overlying cutaneous human melanoma is associated with increased tumour angiogenesis, tumour growth and the potential for metastasis. Forty-two surgical specimens of cutaneous human melanoma of different depths, each containing epidermis present in the tumour-free margin, were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of the pro-angiogenic molecules basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the anti-angiogenic molecule interferon-beta (IFN-beta). The epidermis overlying intermediate and thick (1.0-10.0 mm), but not thin (0.5-1.0 mm), melanoma specimens was hyperplastic. Although the expression level of bFGF, VEGF and IL-8 in the epidermis directly overlying the tumour was similar to that in the distant epidermis, the expression of IFN-beta was significantly decreased in keratinocytes overlying intermediate and thick, but not thin, melanomas. The microvessel density was also increased in intermediate and thick specimens. Human melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The resulting tumours were used to determine the association between overlying epidermal hyperplasia and neoplastic angiogenesis. Similar to human autochthonous melanomas, epidermal hyperplasia was found only over lesions produced by metastatic cells. Although there was no change in the expression of the pro-angiogenic molecules, the expression of IFN-beta was significantly decreased in the hyperplastic epidermis. Conditioned medium collected from cultures of the metastatic cell line induced in vitro proliferation of mouse keratinocytes, whereas conditioned medium collected from cultures of the non-metastatic cell line did not. Collectively, the data demonstrate that metastatic melanoma cells induce keratinocyte proliferation, leading to decreased expression of the negative regulator of angiogenesis, IFN-beta, and hence to increased angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F McCarty
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Nordquist UB, Nilsson MB, Sullivan Y, Blomquist I. [Letter: Further education in psychiatry]. Lakartidningen 1975; 72:2574. [PMID: 1142882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nordquist UB, Nilsson MB, Sullivan Y, Blomquist I. [Continued education in psychiatry]. Tidskr Sver Sjukskot 1975; 42:16. [PMID: 1038243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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