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Mjörnstedt F, Miljanovic A, Wilhelmsson R, Levin M, Johansson ME. Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist PHA 568487 Reduces Acute Inflammation but Does Not Affect Cardiac Function or Myocardial Infarct Size in the Permanent Occlusion Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4414. [PMID: 38674000 PMCID: PMC11050294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has shown beneficial effects in several acute inflammatory disease models. This study aims to examine whether treatment with the selective α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 can dampen inflammation and thereby improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction in mice. The possible anti-inflammatory properties of α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 were tested in vivo using the air pouch model and in a permanent occlusion model of acute myocardial infarction in mice. Hematologic parameters and cytokine levels were determined. Infarct size and cardiac function were assessed via echocardiography 24 h and one week after the infarction. Treatment with α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 decreased 12 (CCL27, CXCL5, IL6, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL1, CCL2, MIP1a, MIP2, CXCL16, CXCL12 and CCL25) out of 33 cytokines in the air pouch model of acute inflammation. However, α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 did not alter infarct size, ejection fraction, cardiac output or stroke volume at 24 h or at 7 days after the myocardial infarction compared with control mice. In conclusion, despite promising immunomodulatory effects in the acute inflammatory air pouch model, α7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 did not affect infarct size or cardiac function after a permanent occlusion model of acute myocardial infarction in mice. Consequently, this study does not strengthen the hypothesis that stimulation of the α7nAChR is a future treatment strategy for acute myocardial infarction when reperfusion is lacking. However, whether other agonists of the α7nAChR can have different effects remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Mjörnstedt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.M.); (R.W.)
| | - Azra Miljanovic
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Rebecka Wilhelmsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.M.); (R.W.)
| | - Malin Levin
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria E. Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (F.M.); (R.W.)
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Silva VRR, Molinaro A, Gaudi AU, Fryk E, Sardi C, Hammarlund M, Mjörnstedt F, Johansson ME, Becattini B, Jansson PA, Solinas G. Somatic ablation of IKKβ in liver and leukocytes is not tolerated in obese mice but hepatic IKKβ deletion improves fatty liver and insulin sensitivity. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22512. [PMID: 36001064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200694r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinase IKKβ controls pro-inflammatory gene expression, and its activity in the liver and leukocytes was shown to drive metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. However, it was also proposed that liver IKKβ signaling protects obese mice from insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing XBP1s protein stability. Furthermore, mice lacking IKKβ in leukocytes display increased lethality to lipopolysaccharides. This study aims at improving our understanding of the role of IKKβ signaling in obesity. We induced IKKβ deletion in hematopoietic cells and liver of obese mice by Cre-LoxP recombination, using an INF-inducible system, or a liver-specific IKKβ deletion in obese mice by adenovirus delivery of the Cre recombinase. The histopathological, immune, and metabolic phenotype of the mice was characterized. IKKβ deletion in the liver and hematopoietic cells was not tolerated in mice with established obesity exposed to the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and exacerbated liver damage and ER-stress despite elevated XBP1s. By contrast, liver-specific ablation of IKKβ in obese mice reduced steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity in association with increased XBP1s protein abundance and reduced expression of de-novo lipogenesis genes. We conclude that IKKβ blockage in liver and leukocytes is not tolerated in obese mice exposed to TLR3 agonists. However, selective hepatic IKKβ ablation improves fatty liver and insulin sensitivity in association with increased XBP1s protein abundance and reduced expression of lipogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Ramon R Silva
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Molinaro
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Usseglio Gaudi
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Fryk
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Sardi
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hammarlund
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Mjörnstedt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Becattini
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Engström G, Hamrefors V, Fedorowski A, Persson A, Johansson ME, Ostenfeld E, Goncalves I, Markstad H, Johnson LSB, Persson M, Carlson J, Platonov PG. Cardiovagal Function Measured by the Deep Breathing Test: Relationships With Coronary Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024053. [PMID: 35352566 PMCID: PMC9075454 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The cardiovagal function can be assessed by quantification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during a deep breathing test. However, population studies of RSA and coronary atherosclerosis are lacking. This population‐based study examined the relationship between RSA during deep breathing and coronary atherosclerosis, assessed by coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Methods and Results SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study) randomly invited men and women aged 50 to 64 years from the general population. CACS was obtained from computed tomography scanning, and deep breathing tests were performed in 4654 individuals. Expiration–inspiration differences (E‐Is) of heart rates were calculated, and reduced RSA was defined as E‐I in the lowest decile of the population. The relationship between reduced RSA and CACS (CACS≥100 or CACS≥300) was calculated using multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression. The proportion of CACS≥100 was 24% in the lowest decile of E‐I and 12% in individuals with E‐I above the lowest decile (P<0.001), and the proportion of CACS≥300 was 12% and 4.8%, respectively (P<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for CACS≥100 was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10–1.84) and the adjusted OR for CACS≥300 was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.15–2.28), when comparing the lowest E‐I decile with deciles 2 to 10. Adjusted ORs per 1 SD lower E‐I were 1.17 (P=0.001) for CACS≥100 and 1.28 (P=0.001) for CACS≥300. Conclusions Low RSA during deep breathing is associated with increased coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by CACS, independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovagal dysfunction could be a prevalent and modifiable risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Viktor Hamrefors
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Artur Fedorowski
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden.,Department of Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Anders Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ellen Ostenfeld
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund Lund University Lund Sweden.,Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Physiology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Isabel Goncalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden.,Department of Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Hanna Markstad
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden.,Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Physiology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Linda S B Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Carlson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Pyotr G Platonov
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund Lund University Lund Sweden
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Pattanaik B, Hammarlund M, Mjörnstedt F, Ulleryd MA, Zhong W, Uhlén M, Gummesson A, Bergström G, Johansson ME. Polymorphisms in alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene, CHRNA7, and its partially duplicated gene, CHRFAM7A, associate with increased inflammatory response in human peripheral mononuclear cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22271. [PMID: 35344211 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101898r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve can, via the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), regulate inflammation. The gene coding for the α7nAChR, CHRNA7, can be partially duplicated, that is, CHRFAM7A, which is reported to impair the anti-inflammatory effect mediated via the α7nAChR. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described in both CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A, however, the functional role of these SNPs for immune responses remains to be investigated. In the current study, we set out to investigate whether genetic variants of CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A can influence immune responses. By investigating data available from the Swedish SciLifeLab SCAPIS Wellness Profiling (S3WP) study, in combination with droplet digital PCR and freshly isolated PBMCs from the S3WP participants, challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we show that CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A are expressed in human PBMCs, with approximately four times higher expression of CHRFAM7A compared with CHRNA7. One SNP in CHRFAM7A, rs34007223, is positively associated with hsCRP in healthy individuals. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO)-terms analysis of plasma proteins associated with gene expression of CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A demonstrated an involvement for these genes in immune responses. This was further supported by in vitro data showing that several SNPs in both CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A are significantly associated with cytokine response. In conclusion, genetic variants of CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A alters cytokine responses. Furthermore, given that CHRFAM7A SNP rs34007223 is associated with inflammatory marker hsCRP in healthy individuals suggests that CHRFAM7A may have a more pronounced role in regulating inflammatory processes in humans than previously been recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagmi Pattanaik
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hammarlund
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Mjörnstedt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus A Ulleryd
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wen Zhong
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Gummesson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Johansson ME, Cameron IGM, van der Kolk NM, De Vries NM, Klimars E, Toni I, Bloem BR, Helmich RC. Aerobic exercise alters brain function and structure in Parkinson's disease a randomized controlled trial. Ann Neurol 2021; 91:203-216. [PMID: 34951063 PMCID: PMC9306840 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Randomized clinical trials have shown that aerobic exercise attenuates motor symptom progression in Parkinson's disease, but the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated how aerobic exercise influences disease‐related functional and structural changes in the corticostriatal sensorimotor network, which is involved in the emergence of motor deficits in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we explored effects of aerobic exercise on tissue integrity of the substantia nigra, and on behavioral and cerebral indices of cognitive control. Methods The Park‐in‐Shape trial is a single‐center, double‐blind randomized controlled trial in 130 Parkinson's disease patients who were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to aerobic exercise (stationary home trainer) or stretching (active control) interventions (duration = 6 months). An unselected subset from this trial (exercise, n = 25; stretching, n = 31) underwent resting‐state functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and an oculomotor cognitive control task (pro‐ and antisaccades), at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. Results Aerobic exercise, but not stretching, led to increased functional connectivity of the anterior putamen with the sensorimotor cortex relative to the posterior putamen. Behaviorally, aerobic exercise also improved cognitive control. Furthermore, aerobic exercise increased functional connectivity in the right frontoparietal network, proportionally to fitness improvements, and it reduced global brain atrophy. Interpretation MRI, clinical, and behavioral results converge toward the conclusion that aerobic exercise stabilizes disease progression in the corticostriatal sensorimotor network and enhances cognitive performance. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:203–216
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I G M Cameron
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,University of Twente, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Enschede, The Netherlands.,OnePlanet Research Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N M van der Kolk
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N M De Vries
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Klimars
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Toni
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R C Helmich
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud University Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Adermark L, Gutierrez S, Lagström O, Hammarlund M, Licheri V, Johansson ME. Weight gain and neuroadaptations elicited by high fat diet depend on fatty acid composition. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 126:105143. [PMID: 33493754 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Overconsumption of food is a major health concern in the western world. Palatable food has been shown to alter the activity of neural circuits, and obesity has been linked to alterations in the connectivity between the hypothalamus and cortical regions involved in decision-making and reward processing, putatively modulating the incentive value of food. Outlining neurophysiological adaptations induced by dietary intake of high fat diets (HFD) is thus valuable to establish how the diet by itself may promote overeating. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD rich in either saturated fatty acids (HFD-S) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (HFD-P), or a low-fat control diet (LFD) for four weeks. Food and energy intake were monitored and ex vivo electrophysiology was employed to assess neuroadaptations in lateral hypothalamus (LH) and corticostriatal circuits, previously associated with food intake. In addition, the effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the gene expression of NMDA, AMPA and GABAA receptor subunits in the hypothalamus were investigated. Our data shows that mice fed HFD-P had increased daily food and energy intake compared with mice fed HFD-S or LFD. However, this increase in energy intake had no obesogenic effects. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that HFD-P had a selective effect on glutamatergic neurotransmission in the LH, which was concomitant with a change in mRNA expression of AMPA receptor subtypes Gria1, Gria3 and Gria4, with no effect on the mRNA expression of NMDA receptor subtypes or GABAA receptor subtypes. Furthermore, while synaptic output from corticostriatal subregions was not significantly modulated by diet, synaptic plasticity in the form of long-term depression (LTD) was impaired in the dorsomedial striatum of mice fed HFD-S. In conclusion, this study suggests that the composition of fatty acids in the diet not only affects weight gain, but may also modulate neuronal function and plasticity in brain regions involved in food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Adermark
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Deparment of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Saray Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oona Lagström
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hammarlund
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Licheri
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Svahn SL, Pattanaik B, Grahnemo L, Gutierrez S, Nookaew I, Jansson JO, Johansson ME. Spleen proteomics data from high fat diet fed mice. Data Brief 2020; 32:106110. [PMID: 32904176 PMCID: PMC7451803 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the diet affects many processes in the body, including body weight and endocrine system. We have previously shown that dietary fat also affects the immune system. Mice fed high fat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids survive S. aureus infection to a much greater extent than mice fed high fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids. Here we present data regarding the dietary effects on protein expression in spleen from mice fed three different diets, I) low fat/chow diet (LFD, n = 4), II) high fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-S, n = 4) and III) high fat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (HFD-P, n = 4). We performed mass spectrophotometry based quantitative proteomics analysis of isolated spleen by implementing the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) approach. Mass spectrometry data were analyzed using Proteome Discoverer 2.4 software using the search engine mascot against Mus musculus in SwissProt. 924 proteins are identified in all sets (n = 4) for different dietary effects taken for statistical analysis using Qlucore Omics Explorer software. Only 20 proteins were found to be differentially expressed with a cut-off value of false discovery rate < 0.1 (q-value) when comparing HFD-S and HFD-P but no differentially expressed proteins were found when LFD was compared with HFD-P or HFD-S. The identified proteins and statistical analysis comparing HFD-S and HFD-P diets are available as a supplementary file S1. We identified a subset of proteins that showed an inverse expression pattern between two high fat diets. These differentially expressed proteins were further classified by gene ontology for their role in biological processes and molecular functions. Mass spectrometry raw data are also available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Svahn
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bagmi Pattanaik
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saray Gutierrez
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Ulleryd MA, Mjörnstedt F, Panagaki D, Yang LJ, Engevall K, Gutierrez S, Wang Y, Gan LM, Nilsson H, Michaëlsson E, Johansson ME. RNA sequencing data describing transcriptional changes in aorta of ApoE-/- mice after alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) stimulation. Data Brief 2020; 30:105415. [PMID: 32258279 PMCID: PMC7115097 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript is a companion paper to Ulleryd M.U. et al., “Stimulation of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) inhibits atherosclerosis via immunomodulatory effects on myeloid cells” Atherosclerosis, 2019 [1]. Data shown here include RNA sequencing data from whole aorta of ApoE-/- mice fed high fat diet and treated with the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist AZ6983 for 8 weeks using subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps. Here we present the top gene networks affected by treatment with AZ6983, as well as the up- and down-regulated genes in aorta after treatment. Further, a URL link to the RNA sequencing datasets submitted to GEO is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Ulleryd
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Mjörnstedt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Panagaki
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li Jin Yang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Engevall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saray Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Bioscience Heart Failure, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Bioscience Heart Failure, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gram M, Anderson UD, Johansson ME, Edström-Hägerwall A, Larsson I, Jälmby M, Hansson SR, Åkerström B. Correction: The Human Endogenous Protection System against Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Heme Is Overwhelmed in Preeclampsia and Provides Potential Biomarkers and Clinical Indicators. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229816. [PMID: 32101594 PMCID: PMC7043760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Gutiérrez S, Svahn SL, Johansson ME. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205028. [PMID: 31614433 PMCID: PMC6834330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations on the immune system caused by omega-3 fatty acids have been described for 30 years. This family of polyunsaturated fatty acids exerts major alterations on the activation of cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune system, although the mechanisms for such regulation are diverse. First, as a constitutive part of the cellular membrane, omega-3 fatty acids can regulate cellular membrane properties, such as membrane fluidity or complex assembly in lipid rafts. In recent years, however, a new role for omega-3 fatty acids and their derivatives as signaling molecules has emerged. In this review, we describe the latest findings describing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on different cells from the immune system and their possible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sara L Svahn
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Ulleryd MA, Mjörnstedt F, Panagaki D, Yang LJ, Engevall K, Gutiérrez S, Wang Y, Gan LM, Nilsson H, Michaëlsson E, Johansson ME. Stimulation of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) inhibits atherosclerosis via immunomodulatory effects on myeloid cells. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:122-133. [PMID: 31260875 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) stimulation can regulate acute inflammation, and lack of α7nAChR accelerates atherosclerosis in mice. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the novel α7nAChR agonist, AZ6983, on atherosclerosis and assess its possible immunomodulating effects. METHODS AZ6983 was tested in vitro in LPS-challenged mouse and human blood and in vivo using the acute inflammatory air pouch model. Thereafter, long-term effects of AZ6983 treatment on atherosclerosis and immune responses were assessed in apoE-/- mice after 8 and 12 weeks. Atherosclerosis was investigated in the aortic root and thoracic aorta, serum levels of cytokines were analysed and RNAseq was used to study aortic gene expression. Further, bone-marrow-derived macrophages were used to assess phagocytosis in vitro. RESULTS α7nAChR activation by AZ6983 decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute stimulations of human and mouse blood in vitro, as well as in vivo using the air pouch model. Treating apoE-/- mice with AZ6983 decreased atherosclerosis by 37-49% and decreased serum cytokine levels. RNAseq analysis of aortae suggested the involvement of several specific myeloid cell functions, including phagocytosis. In line with this, AZ6983 significantly increased phagocytosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that activation of α7nAChR with AZ6983 inhibits atherosclerosis in apoE-/-mice and that immunomodulating effects on myeloid cells, such as enhanced phagocytosis and suppression of inflammatory cytokines, could be part of the athero-protective mechanisms. The observed anti-inflammatory effect in human blood supports the idea that AZ6983 may decrease disease also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Ulleryd
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Mjörnstedt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitra Panagaki
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li Jin Yang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Engevall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saray Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Åkerström B, Rosenlöf L, Hägerwall A, Rutardottir S, Ahlstedt J, Johansson ME, Erlandsson L, Allhorn M, Gram M. rA1M-035, a Physicochemically Improved Human Recombinant α 1-Microglobulin, Has Therapeutic Effects in Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:489-504. [PMID: 29471681 PMCID: PMC6338582 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human α1-microglobulin (A1M) is an endogenous reductase and radical- and heme-binding protein with physiological antioxidant protective functions. Recombinant human A1M (rA1M) has been shown to have therapeutic properties in animal models of preeclampsia, a pregnancy disease associated with oxidative stress. Recombinant A1M, however, lacks glycosylation, and shows lower solubility and stability than A1M purified from human plasma. The aims of this work were to (i) use site-directed mutagenesis to improve the physicochemical properties of rA1M, (ii) demonstrate that the physicochemically improved rA1M displays full in vitro cell protective effects as recombinant wild-type A1M (rA1M-wt), and (iii) show its therapeutic potential in vivo against acute kidney injury (AKI), another disease associated with oxidative stress. RESULTS A novel recombinant A1M-variant (rA1M-035) with three amino acid substitutions was constructed, successfully expressed, and purified. rA1M-035 had improved solubility and stability compared with rA1M-wt, and showed intact in vitro heme-binding, reductase, antioxidation, and cell protective activities. Both rA1M-035 and rA1M-wt showed, for the first time, potential in vivo protective effects on kidneys using a mouse rhabdomyolysis glycerol injection model of AKI. INNOVATION A novel recombinant A1M-variant, rA1M-035, was engineered. This protein showed improved solubility and stability compared with rA1M-wt, full in vitro functional activity, and potential protection against AKI in an in vivo rhabdomyolysis mouse model. CONCLUSION The new rA1M-035 is a better drug candidate than rA1M-wt for treatment of AKI and preeclampsia in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Åkerström
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Erlandsson
- 3 Sections for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- 1 Sections for Infection Medicine and Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
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13
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Wilhelmson AS, Lantero Rodriguez M, Stubelius A, Fogelstrand P, Johansson I, Buechler MB, Lianoglou S, Kapoor VN, Johansson ME, Fagman JB, Duhlin A, Tripathi P, Camponeschi A, Porse BT, Rolink AG, Nissbrandt H, Turley SJ, Carlsten H, Mårtensson IL, Karlsson MCI, Tivesten Å. Testosterone is an endogenous regulator of BAFF and splenic B cell number. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2067. [PMID: 29802242 PMCID: PMC5970247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency in men is associated with increased risk for autoimmunity and increased B cell numbers through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that testosterone regulates the cytokine BAFF, an essential survival factor for B cells. Male mice lacking the androgen receptor have increased splenic B cell numbers, serum BAFF levels and splenic Baff mRNA. Testosterone deficiency by castration causes expansion of BAFF-producing fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in spleen, which may be coupled to lower splenic noradrenaline levels in castrated males, as an α-adrenergic agonist decreases splenic FRC number in vitro. Antibody-mediated blockade of the BAFF receptor or treatment with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine revert the increased splenic B cell numbers induced by castration. Among healthy men, serum BAFF levels are higher in men with low testosterone. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized regulation of BAFF by testosterone and raises important questions about BAFF in testosterone-mediated protection against autoimmunity. Testosterone deficiency is associated with autoimmunity and increased B cell numbers, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here the authors show that testosterone may modulate the production of B cell survival factor BAFF by fibroblastic reticular cells via regulation of splenic neurotransmitter levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Wilhelmson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC); Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløesvej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marta Lantero Rodriguez
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 11, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew B Buechler
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Steve Lianoglou
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Varun N Kapoor
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan B Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Duhlin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo T Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC); Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløesvej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Antonius G Rolink
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Nissbrandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 11, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Chursa U, Nuñez-Durán E, Cansby E, Amrutkar M, Sütt S, Ståhlman M, Olsson BM, Borén J, Johansson ME, Bäckhed F, Johansson BR, Sihlbom C, Mahlapuu M. Overexpression of protein kinase STK25 in mice exacerbates ectopic lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Diabetologia 2017; 60:553-567. [PMID: 27981357 PMCID: PMC6518105 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Understanding the molecular networks controlling ectopic lipid deposition and insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle is essential for developing new strategies to treat type 2 diabetes. We recently identified serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) as a critical regulator of liver steatosis, hepatic lipid metabolism and whole body glucose and insulin homeostasis. Here, we assessed the role of STK25 in control of ectopic fat storage and insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle. METHODS Skeletal muscle morphology was studied by histological examination, exercise performance and insulin sensitivity were assessed by treadmill running and euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, respectively, and muscle lipid metabolism was analysed by ex vivo assays in Stk25 transgenic and wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet. Lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function were also studied in rodent myoblasts overexpressing STK25. Global quantitative phosphoproteomics was performed in skeletal muscle of Stk25 transgenic and wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet to identify potential downstream mediators of STK25 action. RESULTS We found that overexpression of STK25 in transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet increases intramyocellular lipid accumulation, impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and sarcomeric ultrastructure, and induces perimysial and endomysial fibrosis, thereby reducing endurance exercise capacity and muscle insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we observed enhanced lipid accumulation and impaired mitochondrial function in rodent myoblasts overexpressing STK25, demonstrating an autonomous action for STK25 within cells. Global phosphoproteomic analysis revealed alterations in the total abundance and phosphorylation status of different target proteins located predominantly to mitochondria and sarcomeric contractile elements in Stk25 transgenic vs wild-type muscle, respectively, providing a possible molecular mechanism for the observed phenotype. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION STK25 emerges as a new regulator of the complex interplay between lipid storage, mitochondrial energetics and insulin action in skeletal muscle, highlighting the potential of STK25 antagonists for type 2 diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Chursa
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå stråket 5, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Esther Nuñez-Durán
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå stråket 5, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå stråket 5, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manoj Amrutkar
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå stråket 5, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silva Sütt
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå stråket 5, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Borén
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt R Johansson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå stråket 5, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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15
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Wilhelmson AS, Fagman JB, Johansson I, Zou ZV, Andersson AG, Svedlund Eriksson E, Johansson ME, Lindahl P, Fogelstrand P, Tivesten Å. Increased Intimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in Male Androgen Receptor-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3915-3923. [PMID: 27533884 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is a vascular pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Data suggest that T, the most important sex steroid hormone in males, protects men from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. T mainly acts via the androgen receptor (AR), and in this study we evaluated formation of intimal hyperplasia in male AR knockout (ARKO) mice using a vascular injury model. Two weeks after ligation of the carotid artery, male ARKO mice showed increased intimal area and intimal thickness compared with controls. After endothelial denudation by an in vivo scraping injury, there was no difference in the reendothelialization in ARKO compared with control mice. Ex vivo, we observed increased outgrowth of vascular smooth muscle cells from ARKO compared with control aortic tissue explants; the number of outgrown cells was almost doubled in ARKO. In vitro, stimulation of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with a physiological T concentration inhibited both migration and proliferation of the cells. Analyzing the expression of central regulators of cell proliferation and migration, we found that mRNA and protein levels of p27 were lower in uninjured arteries from ARKO mice and that T replacement to castrated male mice increased p27 mRNA in an AR-dependent manner. In conclusion, AR deficiency in male mice increases intimal hyperplasia in response to vascular injury, potentially related to the effects of androgens/AR to inhibit proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Wilhelmson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan B Fagman
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhiyuan V Zou
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel G Andersson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elin Svedlund Eriksson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Lindahl
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Svahn SL, Väremo L, Gabrielsson BG, Peris E, Nookaew I, Grahnemo L, Sandberg AS, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Jansson JO, Nielsen J, Johansson ME. Six Tissue Transcriptomics Reveals Specific Immune Suppression in Spleen by Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155099. [PMID: 27166587 PMCID: PMC4864434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are suggested to modulate immune function, but the effects of dietary fatty acids composition on gene expression patterns in immune organs have not been fully characterized. In the current study we investigated how dietary fatty acids composition affects the total transcriptome profile, and especially, immune related genes in two immune organs, spleen (SPL) and bone marrow cells (BMC). Four tissues with metabolic function, skeletal muscle (SKM), white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and liver (LIV), were investigated as a comparison. Following 8 weeks on low fat diet (LFD), high fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-S), or HFD rich in PUFA (HFD-P), tissue transcriptomics were analyzed by microarray and metabolic health assessed by fasting blood glucose level, HOMA-IR index, oral glucose tolerance test as well as quantification of crown-like structures in WAT. HFD-P corrected the metabolic phenotype induced by HFD-S. Interestingly, SKM and BMC were relatively inert to the diets, whereas the two adipose tissues (WAT and BAT) were mainly affected by HFD per se (both HFD-S and HFD-P). In particular, WAT gene expression was driven closer to that of the immune organs SPL and BMC by HFDs. The LIV exhibited different responses to both of the HFDs. Surprisingly, the spleen showed a major response to HFD-P (82 genes differed from LFD, mostly immune genes), while it was not affected at all by HFD-S (0 genes differed from LFD). In conclusion, the quantity and composition of dietary fatty acids affected the transcriptome in distinct manners in different organs. Remarkably, dietary PUFA, but not saturated fat, prompted a specific regulation of immune related genes in the spleen, opening the possibility that PUFA can regulate immune function by influencing gene expression in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Svahn
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Väremo
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt G Gabrielsson
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduard Peris
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - John-Olov Jansson
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hansson J, Ericsson AE, Axelson H, Johansson ME. Species diversity regarding the presence of proximal tubular progenitor cells of the kidney. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2567. [PMID: 26972712 PMCID: PMC4800248 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular source for tubular regeneration following kidney injury is a matter of dispute, with reports suggesting a stem or progenitor cells as the regeneration source while linage tracing studies in mice seemingly favor the classical theory, where regeneration is performed by randomly surviving cells. We, and others have previously described a scattered cell population localized to the tubules of human kidney, which increases in number following injury. Here we have characterized the species distribution of these proximal tubular progenitor cells (PTPCs) in kidney tissue from chimpanzee, pig, rat and mouse using a set of human PTPC markers. We detected PTPCs in chimpanzee and pig kidneys, but not in mouse tissue. Also, subjecting mice to the unilateral urethral obstruction model, caused clear signs of tubular injury, but failed to induce the PTPC phenotype in renal tubules.
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Gram M, Dolberg Anderson U, Johansson ME, Edström-Hägerwall A, Larsson I, Jälmby M, Hansson SR, Åkerström B. The Human Endogenous Protection System against Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Heme Is Overwhelmed in Preeclampsia and Provides Potential Biomarkers and Clinical Indicators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138111. [PMID: 26368565 PMCID: PMC4569570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) complicates 3-8% of all pregnancies and manifests clinically as hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of gestation. The pathogenesis of PE is not fully understood but recent studies have described the involvement of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Hypothesizing that PE is associated with prolonged hemolysis we have studied the response of the cell-free Hb- and heme defense network. Thus, we have investigated the levels of cell-free HbF (both free, denoted HbF, and in complex with Hp, denoted Hp-HbF) as well as the major human endogenous Hb- and heme-scavenging systems: haptoglobin (Hp), hemopexin (Hpx), α1-microglobulin (A1M) and CD163 in plasma of PE women (n = 98) and women with normal pregnancies (n = 47) at term. A significant increase of the mean plasma HbF concentration was observed in women with PE. Plasma levels of Hp and Hpx were statistically significantly reduced, whereas the level of the extravascular heme- and radical scavenger A1M was significantly increased in plasma of women with PE. The Hpx levels significantly correlated with maternal blood pressure. Furthermore, HbF and the related scavenger proteins displayed a potential to be used as clinical biomarkers for more precise diagnosis of PE and are candidates as predictors of identifying pregnancies with increased risk of obstetrical complications. The results support that PE pathophysiology is associated with increased HbF-concentrations and an activation of the physiological Hb-heme defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Gram
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulrik Dolberg Anderson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Johansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Irene Larsson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maya Jälmby
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R. Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Nilsson H, Lindgren D, Mandahl Forsberg A, Mulder H, Axelson H, Johansson ME. Primary clear cell renal carcinoma cells display minimal mitochondrial respiratory capacity resulting in pronounced sensitivity to glycolytic inhibition by 3-Bromopyruvate. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1585. [PMID: 25569102 PMCID: PMC4669744 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes of cellular metabolism are an integral property of the malignant potential of most cancer cells. Already in the 1930s, Otto Warburg observed that tumor cells preferably utilize glycolysis and lactate fermentation for energy production, rather than the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation dominating in normal cells, a phenomenon today known as the Warburg effect. Even though many tumor types display a high degree of aerobic glycolysis, they still retain the activity of other energy-producing metabolic pathways. One exception seems to be the clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma, ccRCC, where the activity of most other pathways than that of glycolysis has been shown to be reduced. This makes ccRCC a promising candidate for the use of glycolytic inhibitors in treatment of the disease. However, few studies have so far addressed this issue. In this report, we show a strikingly reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity of primary human ccRCC cells, resulting in enhanced sensitivity to glycolytic inhibition by 3-Bromopyruvate (3BrPA). This effect was largely absent in established ccRCC cell lines, a finding that highlights the importance of using biologically relevant models in the search for new candidate cancer therapies. 3BrPA markedly reduced ATP production in primary ccRCC cells, followed by cell death. Our data suggest that glycolytic inhibitors such as 3BrPA, that has been shown to be well tolerated in vivo, should be further analyzed for the possible development of selective treatment strategies for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Lindgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Mandahl Forsberg
- Department of Urology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Axelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M E Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Johansson ME, Ulleryd MA, Bernardi A, Lundberg AM, Andersson A, Folkersen L, Fogelstrand L, Islander U, Yan ZQ, Hansson GK. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is expressed in human atherosclerosis and inhibits disease in mice--brief report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2632-6. [PMID: 25324572 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholinergic pathways of the autonomic nervous system are known to modulate inflammation. Because atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition, we tested whether cholinergic signaling operates in this disease. We have analyzed the expression of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in human atherosclerotic plaques and studied its effects on the development of atherosclerosis in the hypercholesterolemic Ldlr(-/-) mouse model. APPROACH AND RESULTS α7nAChR protein was detected on T cells and macrophages in surgical specimens of human atherosclerotic plaques. To study the role of α7nAChR signaling in atherosclerosis, male Ldlr(-/-) mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow from wild-type or α7nAChR-deficient animals. Ablation of hematopoietic cell α7nAChR increased aortic atherosclerosis by 72%. This was accompanied by increased aortic interferon-γ mRNA, implying increased Th1 activity in the absence of α7nAChR signaling. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that signaling through hematopoietic α7nAChR inhibits atherosclerosis and suggests that it operates by modulating immune inflammation. Given the observation that α7nAChR is expressed by T cells and macrophages in human plaques, our findings support the notion that cholinergic regulation may act to inhibit disease development also in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Johansson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marcus A Ulleryd
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angelina Bernardi
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna M Lundberg
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annica Andersson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Fogelstrand
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Islander
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhong-Qun Yan
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (M.E.J., A.M.L., L.Folkersen, Z.-q.Y., G.K.H.); and Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (M.E.J., M.A.U.), Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine (A.B., A.A., U.I.), and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine (L.Fogelstrand), The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Johansson ME, Zhang XY, Edfeldt K, Lundberg AM, Levin MC, Borén J, Li W, Yuan XM, Folkersen L, Eriksson P, Hedin U, Low H, Sviridov D, Rios FJ, Hansson GK, Yan ZQ. Innate immune receptor NOD2 promotes vascular inflammation and formation of lipid-rich necrotic cores in hypercholesterolemic mice. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3081-92. [PMID: 25042478 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease associated with the activation of innate immune TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)-like receptor pathways. However, the function of most innate immune receptors in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we show that NOD2 is a crucial innate immune receptor influencing vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis severity. 10-week stimulation with muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the NOD2 cognate ligand, aggravated atherosclerosis, as indicated by the augmented lesion burden, increased vascular inflammation and enlarged lipid-rich necrotic cores in Ldlr(-/-) mice. Myeloid-specific ablation of NOD2, but not its downstream kinase, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2, restrained the expansion of the lipid-rich necrotic core in Ldlr(-/-) chimeric mice. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with MDP enhanced the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and impaired cholesterol efflux in concordance with upregulation of scavenger receptor A1/2 and downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Ex vivo stimulation of human carotid plaques with MDP led to increased activation of inflammatory signaling pathways p38 MAPK and NF-κB-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines. Altogether, this study suggests that NOD2 contributes to the expansion of the lipid-rich necrotic core and promotes vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Johansson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Nguy L, Johansson ME, Grimberg E, Lundgren J, Teerlink T, Carlström M, Lundberg JO, Nilsson H, Guron G. Rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure develop low-renin, salt-sensitive hypertension and increased aortic stiffness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 304:R744-52. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00562.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (A-CRF) develop metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities resembling those in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of hypertension in this model and to assess aortic stiffness in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were equipped with radiotelemetry probes for arterial pressure recordings and received either chow containing adenine or normal control diet. At 7 to 11 wk after study start, blood pressure responses to high NaCl (4%) diet and different pharmacological interventions were analyzed. Aortic pulse wave velocity was measured under isoflurane anesthesia. Baseline 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 101 ± 10 and 119 ± 9 mmHg in controls and A-CRF animals, respectively ( P < 0.01). After 5 days of a high-NaCl diet, MAP had increased by 24 ± 6 mmHg in A-CRF animals vs. 2 ± 1 mmHg in controls ( P < 0.001). Candesartan (10 mg/kg by gavage) produced a more pronounced reduction of MAP in controls vs. A-CRF animals (−12 ± 3 vs. −5 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.05). Aortic pulse wave velocity was elevated in A-CRF rats (5.10 ± 0.51 vs. 4.58 ± 0.17 m/s, P < 0.05). Plasma levels of creatinine were markedly elevated in A-CRF animals (259 ± 46 vs. 31 ± 2 μM, P < 0.001), whereas plasma renin activity was suppressed (0.6 ± 0.5 vs. 12.3 ± 7.3 μg·l−1·h−1, P < 0.001). In conclusion, hypertension in A-CRF animals is characterized by low plasma renin activity and is aggravated by high-NaCl diet, suggesting a pathogenic role for sodium retention and hypervolemia probably secondary to renal insufficiency. Additionally, aortic stiffness was elevated in A-CRF animals as indicated by increased aortic pulse wave velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nguy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Grimberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaana Lundgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Teerlink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregor Guron
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Lundberg AM, Ketelhuth DF, Johansson ME, Gerdes N, Liu S, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Hansson GK. Toll-like receptor 3 and 4 signalling through the TRIF and TRAM adaptors in haematopoietic cells promotes atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:364-73. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Johansson ME, Johansson P. [Elderly with multiple diseases often in contact with health services should be admitted right away. Study of 40 patients in the NU-healthcare]. Lakartidningen 2012; 109:1022-1023. [PMID: 22741406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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25
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Nguy L, Nilsson H, Lundgren J, Johansson ME, Teerlink T, Scheffer PG, Guron G. Vascular function in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R1426-35. [PMID: 22513744 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00696.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the function of resistance arteries, and the aorta, in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (A-CRF). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to chow with or without adenine supplementation. After 6-10 wk, mesenteric arteries and thoracic aortas were analyzed ex vivo by wire myography. Plasma creatinine concentrations were elevated twofold at 2 wk, and eight-fold at the time of death in A-CRF animals. Ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured by radiotelemetry were significantly elevated in A-CRF animals from week 3 and onward. At death, A-CRF animals had anemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and oxidative stress markers. There were no significant differences between groups in the sensitivity, or maximal response, to ACh, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), norepinephrine, or phenylephrine in either mesenteric arteries or aortas. However, in A-CRF animals, the rate of aortic relaxation was significantly reduced following washout of KCl (both in intact and endothelium-denuded aorta) and in response to ACh and SNP. Also the rate of contraction in response to KCl was significantly reduced in A-CRF animals both in mesenteric arteries and aortas. The media of A-CRF aortas was thickened and showed focal areas of fragmented elastic lamellae and disorganized smooth muscle cells. No vascular calcifications could be detected. These results indicate that severe renal failure for a duration of less than 10 wk in this model primarily affects the aorta and mainly slows the rate of relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nguy
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Ketelhuth DFJ, Rios FJO, Wang Y, Liu H, Johansson ME, Fredrikson GN, Hedin U, Gidlund M, Nilsson J, Hansson GK, Yan ZQ. Identification of a danger-associated peptide from apolipoprotein B100 (ApoBDS-1) that triggers innate proatherogenic responses. Circulation 2011; 124:2433-43, 1-7. [PMID: 22064596 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.051599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subendothelial deposited low-density lipoprotein particles are a known inflammatory factor in atherosclerosis. However, the causal components derived from low-density lipoprotein are still poorly defined. Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) is the unexchangeable protein component of low-density lipoprotein, and the progression of atherosclerosis is associated with immune responses to ApoB100-derived peptides. In this study, we analyzed the proinflammatory activity of ApoB100 peptides in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS By screening a peptide library of ApoB100, we identified a distinct native peptide referred to as ApoB100 danger-associated signal 1 (ApoBDS-1), which shows sequence-specific bioactivity in stimulation of interleukin-8, CCL2, and interleukin-6. ApoBDS-1 activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and calcium signaling, thereby effecting the expression of interleukin-8 in innate immune cells. Ex vivo stimulation of carotid plaques with ApoBDS-1 enhances interleukin-8 and prostaglandin E₂ release. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ApoBDS-1-positive peptide fragments are present in atherosclerotic lesions using immunoassays and that low-molecular-weight fractions isolated from plaque show ApoBDS-1 activity inducing interleukin-8 production. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that ApoBDS-1 is a previously unrecognized peptide with robust proinflammatory activity, contributing to the disease-promoting effects of low-density lipoprotein in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Levin MC, Jirholt P, Wramstedt A, Johansson ME, Lundberg AM, Trajkovska MG, Ståhlman M, Fogelstrand P, Brisslert M, Fogelstrand L, Yan ZQ, Hansson GK, Björkbacka H, Olofsson SO, Borén J. Rip2 deficiency leads to increased atherosclerosis despite decreased inflammation. Circ Res 2011; 109:1210-8. [PMID: 21959219 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.246702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The innate immune system and in particular the pattern-recognition receptors Toll-like receptors have recently been linked to atherosclerosis. Consequently, inhibition of various signaling molecules downstream of the Toll-like receptors has been tested as a strategy to prevent progression of atherosclerosis. Receptor-interacting protein 2 (Rip2) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in multiple nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activation pathways, including Toll-like receptors, and is therefore an interesting potential target for pharmaceutical intervention. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that inhibition of Rip2 would protect against development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Surprisingly, and contrary to our hypothesis, we found that mice transplanted with Rip2(-/-) bone marrow displayed markedly increased atherosclerotic lesions despite impaired local and systemic inflammation. Moreover, lipid uptake was increased whereas immune signaling was reduced in Rip2(-/-) macrophages. Further analysis in Rip2(-/-) macrophages showed that the lipid accumulation was scavenger-receptor independent and mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent lipid uptake. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that lipid accumulation and inflammation are dissociated in the vessel wall in mice with Rip2(-/-) macrophages. These results for the first time identify Rip2 as a key regulator of cellular lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin C Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bu DX, Johansson ME, Ren J, Xu DW, Johnson FB, Edfeldt K, Yan ZQ. Nuclear factor {kappa}B-mediated transactivation of telomerase prevents intimal smooth muscle cell from replicative senescence during vascular repair. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2604-10. [PMID: 20864668 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.213074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain insights into mechanisms by which intimal hyperplasia interferes with the repair process by investigating expression and function of the catalytic telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) subunit after vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Functional telomerase is essential to the replicative longevity of vascular cells. We found that TERT was de novo activated in the intima of injured arteries, involving activation of the nuclear factor κB pathway. Stimulation of the isolated intimal smooth muscle cell (SMC) by basic fibroblast growth factor or tumor necrosis factor α resulted in increased TERT activity. This depends on the activation of c-Myc signaling because mutation of the E-box in the promoter or overexpression of mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1), a c-Myc competitor, abrogated the transcriptional activity. Inhibition of nuclear factor κB in both intimal SMCs and the injured artery attenuated TERT transcriptional activity through reduction of c-Myc expression. Pharmacological blockade of TERT led to SMC senescence. Finally, depletion of telomerase function in mice resulted in severe intimal SMC senescence after vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS These results support a model in which vascular injury induces de novo expression of TERT in intimal SMCs via activation of nuclear factor κB and upregulation of c-Myc. The resumed TERT activity is critical for intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-xiu Bu
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Sultan A, Strodthoff D, Robertson AK, Paulsson-Berne G, Fauconnier J, Parini P, Rydén M, Thierry-Mieg N, Johansson ME, Chibalin AV, Zierath JR, Arner P, Hansson GK. T cell-mediated inflammation in adipose tissue does not cause insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic mice. Circ Res 2009; 104:961-8. [PMID: 19299644 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.190280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. Proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 secreted by adipose tissue during the metabolic syndrome are proposed to cause local and general insulin resistance and promote development of type 2 diabetes. We have used a compound mutant mouse, Apoe(-/-)xCD4dnTGFbR, with dysregulation of T-cell activation, excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis, to dissect the role of inflammation in adipose tissue metabolism. These mice are lean, which avoids confounding effects of concomitant obesity. Expression and secretion of a set of proinflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was increased in adipose tissue of Apoe(-/-)xCD4dnTGFbR mice, as was the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, which converts cortisone to bioactive cortisol. Interleukin-6, which has an inhibitory glucocorticoid response element in its promoter, was not upregulated. In spite of intense local inflammation, insulin sensitivity was not impaired in adipose tissue of Apoe(-/-)xCD4dnTGFbR mice unless exogenous interleukin-6 was administered. In conclusion, T-cell activation causes inflammation in adipose tissue but does not lead to insulin resistance in this tissue in the absence of interleukin-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Sultan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Social support and a stimulating environment have been suggested to reduce stress reactions and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to assess the role of environmental enrichment and social interaction for development of atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis prone mice. Male ApoE-/- mice were divided into four groups and followed during 20 weeks: (i) enriched environment (E, n=12), (ii) deprived environment (ED, n=12), (iii) enriched environment with exercise (E-Ex, n=12) and (iv) socially deprived by individual housing (SD, n=10). Plasma lipid and cytokine concentrations were measured. Atherosclerosis was quantified in cross-sections of innominate artery and en face in thoracic aorta. Plaque area was significantly increased in SD mice in the innominate artery (P<0.05 vs. all other groups), but not in the thoracic aorta. Plasma lipids were increased in SD mice (P<0.001 vs. all for total cholesterol, P<0.05 vs. E and P<0.01 vs. ED for triglycerides). Plasma concentration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was decreased in SD mice compared to E mice (P<0.05). Thus, social isolation increased atherosclerosis and plasma lipids in ApoE-/- mice. Reduction in plasma G-CSF levels may hamper endothelial regeneration in the atherosclerotic process. While environmental enrichment did not affect atherosclerosis, social isolation accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Bernberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Clinical Physiology, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Götenborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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31
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Johansson ME, Andersson IJ, Alexanderson C, Skøtt O, Holmäng A, Bergström G. Hyperinsulinemic rats are normotensive but sensitized to angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R1240-7. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00493.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of insulin on blood pressure (BP) is debated, and an involvement of an activated renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has been suggested. We studied the effect of chronic insulin infusion on telemetry BP and assessed sympathetic activity and dependence of the RAAS. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received insulin (2 units/day, INS group, n = 12) or insulin combined with losartan (30 mg·kg−1·day−1, INS+LOS group, n = 10), the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, for 6 wk. Losartan-treated (LOS group, n = 10) and untreated rats served as controls ( n = 11). We used telemetry to measure BP and heart rate (HR), and acute ganglion blockade and air-jet stress to investigate possible control of BP by the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, we used myograph technique to study vascular function ex vivo. The INS and INS+LOS groups developed euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. Insulin did not affect BP but increased HR (27 beats/min on average). Ganglion blockade reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) similarly in all groups. Air-jet stress did not increase sympathetic reactivity but rather revealed possible blunting of the stress response in hyperinsulinemia. Chronic losartan markedly reduced 24-h-MAP in the INS+LOS group (−38 ± 1 mmHg P < 0.001) compared with the LOS group (−18 ± 1 mmHg, P ≤ 0.05). While insulin did not affect vascular function per se, losartan improved endothelial function in the aorta of insulin-treated rats. Our results raise doubt regarding the role of hyperinsulinemia in hypertension. Moreover, we found no evidence that insulin affects sympathetic nervous system activity. However, chronic losartan treatment revealed an important interaction between insulin and RAAS in BP control.
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Johansson ME, Fagerberg B, Bergström G. Angiotensin type 2 receptor is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2008; 9:17-21. [DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2008.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Expression of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2-receptor) occurs in many animal models of atherosclerosis. However, its expression in human plaques and its functional role remains undetermined.This study examined AT2-receptor expression in human atherosclerotic plaque and also explored its potentially important functional role in atherosclerosis. Material and methods. We analysed carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from 14 Caucasian patients who had previously carotid artery stenosis. Half of all subjects undergone endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Half of all subjects received treatment with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (n=7); the remaining subjects received no intervention in the renin-angiotensin system (n=7). Immunohistochemistry measured tissue expression of smooth muscle cells (α-actin), macrophages (CD68 antibody), collagen (picro-sirius), and AT2-receptor (AT2-receptor antibody). Results. AT2-receptor expression occurred consistently in all specimens. Although cellular localisation varied, AT2-receptor expression levels correlated with macrophage levels (p<0.01). Compared to conventional treatment, ongoing ARB treatment affected neither AT2-receptor levels nor plaque composition. Conclusions. AT2-receptor is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque. Furthermore, we detected no functionally important role of AT2-receptor expression and found no evidence that ARB treatment regulates AT2-receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Johansson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Clinical Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Clinical Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden,
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using an aortic constriction model in mice, we studied whether the increase in pressure or the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its main receptors is the main driving force for plaque progression. METHODS Male ApoE mice underwent sham surgery or placement of a suprarenal silver clip around the aorta (AoC). Half the group was treated with the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (30 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. RESULTS Anesthetized mean arterial pressure (MAP) was increased in AoC mice compared to sham (106 +/- 3 versus 90 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.001). Losartan reduced MAP in sham mice (78 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.01) but not in AoC (AoC losartan 104 +/- 2 mmHg). Plasma renin concentration (PRC) was increased in AoC mice compared to sham [1.6 +/- 0.3 versus 0.8 +/- 0.2 milliGoldblatt units (mGU)/ml, P < 0.001]. Losartan treatment augmented this difference (18.7 +/- 3.7 versus 4.6 +/- 1.7 mGU/ml, P < 0.01). AT2 receptor mRNA expression was increased 5.8-fold by aortic constriction in thoracic aorta (P < 0.05) and the major site for expression of the AT2 receptor protein was within the plaques. The plaque area was increased in AoC mice compared to sham (0.61 +/- 0.09 versus 0.07 +/- 0.01%, P < 0.001); however, losartan did not alter plaque area. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support a role for the AT1 receptor in the progression of atherosclerosis in this model, since blockade with losartan did not alter plaque distribution. Furthermore, we found no support for the counteraction of atherogenesis by increased activity of the RAS acting on the AT2 receptor. Our data suggest that increased pressure is the main driving force for atherosclerosis in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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Andersson IJ, Johansson ME, Wickman A, Bohlooly-Y M, Klintland N, Caidahl K, Gustafsson M, Borén J, Gan LM, Bergström G. Endothelial dysfunction in growth hormone transgenic mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2006; 110:217-25. [PMID: 16185195 DOI: 10.1042/cs20050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly [overproduction of GH (growth hormone)] is associated with cardiovascular disease. Transgenic mice overexpressing bGH (bovine GH) develop hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia and could be a model for cardiovascular disease in acromegaly. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of excess GH on vascular function and to test whether oxidative stress affects endothelial function in bGH transgenic mice. We studied the ACh (acetylcholine)-induced relaxation response in aortic and carotid rings of young (9–11 weeks) and aged (22–24 weeks) female bGH transgenic mice and littermate control mice, without and with the addition of a free radical scavenger {MnTBAP [Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride]}. We also measured mRNA levels of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase). Intracellular superoxide anion production in the vascular wall was estimated using a dihydroethidium probe. Carotid arteries from bGH transgenic mice had an impaired ACh-induced relaxation response (young, 46±7% compared with 69±8%; aged, 52±5% compared with 80±3%; P<0.05), whereas endothelial function in aorta was intact in young but impaired in aged bGH transgenic mice. Endothelial dysfunction was corrected by addition of MnTBAP in carotid arteries from young mice and in aortas from aged mice; however, MnTBAP did not correct endothelial dysfunction in carotid arteries from aged bGH transgenic mice. There was no difference in intracellular superoxide anion production between bGH transgenic mice and control mice, whereas mRNA expression of EC-SOD and eNOS was increased in aortas from young bGH transgenic mice compared with control mice (P<0.05). We interpret these data to suggest that bGH overexpression is associated with a time- and vessel-specific deterioration in endothelial function, initially caused by increased oxidative stress and later by other alterations in vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene J Andersson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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35
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Johansson ME, Wickman A, Fitzgerald SM, Gan LM, Bergström G. Angiotensin II, type 2 receptor is not involved in the angiotensin II-mediated pro-atherogenic process in ApoE-/- mice. J Hypertens 2005; 23:1541-9. [PMID: 16003181 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000174078.95745.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin II (Ang II) accelerates atherogenesis in ApoE mice via the angiotensin II, type 1 receptor (AT1) while the type 2 receptor (AT2) is suggested to counteract atherogenesis. To confirm and further explore this possibility, we studied the effect of AT2 receptor antagonism on Ang II-accelerated atherosclerosis. METHODS ApoE mice were fed a standard or high cholesterol diet (1.25%) for 4 weeks. Mice on each diet were treated with either Ang II (0.5 microg/kg per min) or Ang II in combination with PD123319 (3 mg/kg per day). Plaque distribution was assessed by en face quantification of the thoracic aorta and in cross-sections of the aortic root. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured. AT1 and AT2 receptor expression were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the localization of the AT2 receptor protein confirmed with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Ang II infusion increased MAP only in mice on a standard diet (P < 0.001). Regardless of diet, Ang II-infused mice had 22-30 times increased plaque area in the thoracic aorta (P < 0.001 for both). Ang II had no effect on plaque in the aortic root. Plaque area was not affected by PD123319. AT2 receptor was heavily expressed in the plaques and increased six- to ninefold by a high cholesterol diet and Ang II infusion (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Ang II increases the extent of atherosclerosis in ApoE mice. Despite up-regulation of the AT2 receptor, we found no support for an effect of the AT2 receptor on atherogenesis in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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36
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Johansson ME, Hägg U, Wikström J, Wickman A, Bergström G, Gan LM. Haemodynamically significant plaque formation and regional endothelial dysfunction in cholesterol-fed ApoE−/− mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2005; 108:531-8. [PMID: 15675896 DOI: 10.1042/cs20040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flow-mediated vasodilation is suggested as one of the mechanisms involved in arterial expansive remodelling, which is thought to be a defence mechanism in atherogenesis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that lumen obstructive plaque formation is associated with failure of NO (nitric oxide)-dependent vasodilation in conduit vessels. Cardiac function and aortic root flow velocities were assessed using high-resolution echocardiography and two-dimensional-guided pulsed Doppler in ApoE−/− (apolipoprotein E-deficient) mice fed a standard or high-cholesterol diet. Endothelial function in the proximal and mid-descending aortic regions was studied using a myograph technique. Flow velocity at the aortic root of cholesterol-fed ApoE−/− mice was significantly increased as a result of lumen narrowing, detected via histological analysis. NO-dependent vasodilatory responses were selectively impaired in the atherosclerosis-prone vascular regions in cholesterol-fed ApoE−/− mice. In conclusion, consumption of a high-cholesterol diet results in lumen obstructive plaque formation in ApoE−/− mice, which significantly alters aortic root haemodynamics. This phenomenon is associated with impaired NO-dependent vasodilation in vessel segments known to be prone to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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37
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Hägg U, Johansson ME, Grönros J, Naylor AS, Jonsdottir IH, Bergström G, Svensson PA, Gan LM. Gene expression profile and aortic vessel distensibility in voluntarily exercised spontaneously hypertensive rats: potential role of heat shock proteins. Physiol Genomics 2005; 22:319-26. [PMID: 15914578 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00073.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is considered to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, the underlying specific molecular mechanisms still remain unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of voluntary exercise on vascular mechanical properties and gene regulation patterns in spontaneously hypertensive rats. By using ultrasound biomicroscopy in an ex vivo perfusion chamber, we studied the distensibility of the thoracic aorta. Furthermore, exercise-induced gene regulation was studied in aortae, using microarray analysis and validated with real-time PCR. We found that distensibility was significantly improved in aortas from exercising compared with control rats (P < 0.0001). Exercising rats demonstrated a striking pattern of coordinated downregulation of genes belonging to the heat shock protein family. In conclusion, voluntary exercise leads to improved vessel wall distensibility and reduced gene expression of heat shock protein 60 and 70, which may indicate decreased oxidative stress in the aortic vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Hägg
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Sweden
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38
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Karlsson NG, Herrmann A, Karlsson H, Johansson ME, Carlstedt I, Hansson GC. The glycosylation of rat intestinal Muc2 mucin varies between rat strains and the small and large intestine. A study of O-linked oligosaccharides by a mass spectrometric approach. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:27025-34. [PMID: 9341141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.43.27025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The large glycosylated domains obtained from the rat intestinal mucin Muc2 were isolated from the large and small intestine of the inbred rat strains GOT-W and GOT-BW. The expression of the rat Muc2 in the large intestine was confirmed immunochemically and by Northern blotting. Released oligosaccharides were structurally characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (neutral and sialylated species) or by tandem mass spectrometry (sulfated species), and a total of 63 structures was assigned. The large intestinal oligosaccharides were found to be identical between the strains, while the small intestinal glycosylation differed. Until now, detailed structural analysis of oligosaccharides isolated from a single mucin core or mucin domain with different origin have not been performed, and the information of different mucin glycoforms has been limited to immunochemistry. Blood group A-determinants (GalNAcalpha1-3(Fucalpha1-2)Galbeta1-, and structures related to the blood group Sda/Cad-related epitope NeuAc/NeuGcalpha1-3(GalNAcbeta1-4)Galbeta1-, were found in GOT-BW small intestine, and also in both large intestines. Blood group H-determinants and NeuAc/NeuGcalpha1-3Galbeta1- were found in all samples. Core 1 (Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-), core 2 (Galbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1-), core 3 (GlcNAcbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-), and core 4 (GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1- were also found in all the samples. The large intestine were enriched in sulfated oligosaccharides and the small intestine contained higher amounts of sialylated species. Sulfation were found exclusively on C-6 of GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 9A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Karlsson NG, Johansson ME, Asker N, Karlsson H, Gendler SJ, Carlstedt I, Hansson GC. Molecular characterization of the large heavily glycosylated domain glycopeptide from the rat small intestinal Muc2 mucin. Glycoconj J 1996; 13:823-31. [PMID: 8910009 DOI: 10.1007/bf00702346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The largest high-glycosylated domain, glycopeptide A, of the "insoluble' mucin complex of the rat small intestine has earlier been purified and characterized (Carlstedt et al., 1993, J Biol Chem 268: 18771-81). A rabbit antiserum raised against deglycosylated glycopeptide A was used to clone part of a mucin showing homology to the human MUC2 mucin (Hansson et al., 1994, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 198. 181-90). This serum specifically stained goblet cells (paranuclear) in the mouse small intestine. The size of the coding sequence of glycopeptide A was estimated by using reversed transcriptase PCR of mRNA from an inbred rat strain (GOT-W) using primers in the unique central and C-terminal parts of the proposed rat Muc2 sequences. The PCR and Southern blot of the PCR products showed a fragment of about 5.5 kb corresponding to about 1700 amino acids when the known Cys-rich sequences used for the primers were subtracted. This is slightly larger than the size estimated earlier by biochemical studies. The mRNA encoding the rat Muc2 was slightly smaller than the mRNA encoding the human MUC2 in a colorectal cell line. Although the size of glycopeptide A estimated from biochemical results and by PCR is not identical, the results obtained here further support that the "insoluble' mucin of the rat small intestine is encoded by the Muc2 gene. Most of the oligosaccharides in glycopeptide A were either neutral (40%) or sialylated (40%). The remaining ones were sulfated with the sulfate group attached to C-6 of N-acetylglucosamine linked to C-6 of the N-acetylgalactosaminitol as revealed by tandem mass spectrometry of the perdeuteroacetylated oligosaccharides. Eighteen oligosaccharides were found of which fourteen were characterized and found to be mostly novel. Our findings thus expand the current knowledge of the core peptide of the rat intestinal goblet cell mucin and provide a relatively complete picture of the glycosylation of a defined mucin domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Sweden
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40
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Johansson ME, Andersson MA, Thörner PA. Adenoviruses isolated in the Stockholm area during 1987-1992: restriction endonuclease analysis and molecular epidemiology. Arch Virol 1994; 137:101-15. [PMID: 7979983 DOI: 10.1007/bf01311176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses recovered from the northern Stockholm area during 1987-1992 have been subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis. Adenoviruses of all subgenera (A-F) were represented and a considerable degree of serotype variation was seen, e.g. the rarely encountered subgenus A viruses were frequently isolated in the present study. Of 16 subgenus A isolates, Ad31 predominated with 12 strains which were equally distributed into the DNA-variants D2 and D7. Analysis of 38 Ad3 isolates revealed four DNA-variants: D1, D3, D10, and "Sto1". The ten Ad7 isolates belonged all to the DNA-variant D5 of Ad7. Of 27 Ad1 strains, 11 belonged to D10, followed by the DNA-variants D4 and D7 with four strains each. Among Ad2 isolates, D2 or D2-like strains prevailed (23/28). Of six Ad5 strains, three belonged to the DNA-variant D2. The most notable subgenus D event was a nosocomial outbreak of keratokonjunctivitis due ot Ad19a. In addition, a collection of heterogenous subgenus D strains was detected, most of which untypable by RE-analysis. Among the six Ad4 isolates of subgenus E, both genomic clusters (p and a, respectively) of Ad4 were recognized. Concerning the clinical important subgenus F adenoviruses, only two strains of Ad40 were detected as compared to 12 strains of Ad41, all of which ascribed to the DNA-variant D12 of Ad41.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Abstract
Two divergent strains of adenovirus type 31 were analyzed by neutralization test and restriction endonuclease (RE) patterns in an effort to find the basis for their genetic variability. One strain, isolated from the throat of a child in Maryland during an upper respiratory illness in 1968, was partially neutralized by Ad 31 antisera (to 16-fold lower than homologous titer) while its own antiserum fully neutralized prototype Ad 31 virus, but shared only 9% of comigrating RE fragments with Ad 31 prototype (vs. 30% with Ad 18 prototype); however, PCR tests specific for the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence of Ads 12 and 18 were negative. The other strain, recovered from a stool sample from an infant with diarrhea in Georgia in 1979, was inhibited by Ad 31 antiserum to within 4-fold homologous titer, but shared only 15% of comigrating fragments with Ad 31 prototype (vs. 91% with Ad 18 prototype); ITR-specific PCR tests with this virus were positive for Ad 12/Ad 18. These data suggest that both strains are from separate evolutionary lines of Ad 31 unrelated to all other isolates studied to date by RE analysis, and that the partial neutralization by prototype Ad 31 antisera might represent small mutations in the hexon gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Thörner
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Abstract
All human adenoviruses isolated in Iceland during 1988-1990 have been subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis. Of 55 isolates altogether, subgenus C (Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5) predominated with 42 isolates followed by subgenus B (Ad3 and Ad7) with 12. Analysis of the 9 Ad1 isolates revealed 6 DNA-variants. Among these the established DNA-variants D4, D7, and D10 were recognized. The remaining 3 DNA-variants were primarily found in Iceland. Among the 22 Ad2 isolates, 7 DNA-variants could be distinguished. D2 predominated with 15 isolates whereas the prototype was isolated only once. The novel 5 DNA-variants of Ad2 were all closely related to D2. Analysis of the 11 Ad5 isolates revealed 6 DNA-variants, 2 of which (D2 and D5) were already established. Ice2 and D3 were the most common occurring DNA-variants of Ad5. Ad5 showed the highest degree of genomic variability within subgenus C, both in terms of the low degree of pair-wise comigration of restriction fragments and the number of principal variants of RE-patterns. Analysis of the 9 Ad3 isolates revealed 3 DNA-variants: D3, D10, and Ice1 (a novel DNA-variant that resembles D10). The DNA-variants D3 and D10 were each represented by 4 isolates. The three Ad7 isolates belonged all to the DNA-variant D5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Abstract
Restriction endonuclease analysis using 10 restriction enzymes was performed on six and three wild isolates of adenovirus (Ad) type 12 and 18, respectively. Among the Ad12 strains, five DNA variants could be identified. The degree of pairwise comigration of restriction fragments suggests a high degree of genomic diversity within Ad12. The wild isolates of Ad18, on the other hand, displayed a low degree of genetic variability and comprised one DNA variant closely related to the prototype strain. The BglII, BstEII, and HindIII restriction endonuclease patterns of Ad18 were inconsistent with those originally presented. Identical RE-patterns among Ad18 prototype strains (DC) obtained from four different sources, including directly from the American Type Culture Collection, verify that the genuine Ad18 prototype was used in the present study. Using the revised restriction patterns of BglII, BstEII, and HindIII, a proper identification of Ad18 will be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thörner
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Johansson ME, Holmström S, Abebe A, Jacobsson B, Ekman G, Samuelson A, Wirgart BZ. Intrauterine fetal death due to echovirus 11. Scand J Infect Dis 1992; 24:381-5. [PMID: 1509244 DOI: 10.3109/00365549209061347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In a case of intrauterine fetal death in the 29th week of gestation, echovirus 11 could be isolated from the umbilical cord of the fetus. The mother had no apparent signs of infection but serological evidence of current echovirus 11 infection. Enterovirus PCR performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of various tissues (myocardium, lung, liver and placenta) from the fetus yielded positive results in all cases. These findings, together with supporting serological and epidemiological findings--e.g. proven echovirus 11 infection 3 weeks before in the 18-month-old son of the woman--constituted strong evidence that echovirus 11 infection was responsible for the fetal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Smith CI, Abedi MR, Islam KB, Johansson ME, Christensson B, Hammarström L. Humoral immunity in scid mice reconstituted with cells from immunoglobulin-deficient or normal humans. Immunol Rev 1991; 124:113-38. [PMID: 1804777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C I Smith
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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46
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Johansson ME, Brown M, Hierholzer JC, Thörner A, Ushijima H, Wadell G. Genome analysis of adenovirus type 31 strains from immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. J Infect Dis 1991; 163:293-9. [PMID: 1988511 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/163.2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus type 31 (Ad31) was isolated from 15 immunocompromised patients in 12 of whom seroconversion was also recorded. Ad31 infection has a substantial clinical relevance since 8 of 10 with lower respiratory tract infection and 4 of 4 with hepatitis died. Therefore, Ad31 isolates from immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis. Nine genome types were identified among the 79 Ad31 isolates. Pairwise comparison of comigrating restriction fragments indicated that the genome types could be divided into three genomic clusters. Several Ad31 genome types were isolated from immunocompromised patients, but no highly virulent genome type could be found. A genome type was identified in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency who originally was infected with another genome type. This observation is suggested to have evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Johansson ME, Brundin M, Adamson L, Grillner L, Landqvist M, Thörner A, Wirgart BZ. Characterization of two genome types of adenovirus type 31 isolated in Stockholm during 1987. J Med Virol 1989; 28:63-8. [PMID: 2544677 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890280202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors isolated during 1987 seven adenovirus type 31 (Ad31) within a 9-month period. The isolates were obtained from urine, throat, and feces, implying a systemic spread of the infection. Most patients displayed gastrointestinal symptoms, but some had respiratory symptoms and fever. All of the strains differed by restriction endonuclease analysis from the prototype strain (1315) by an additional Bgl II restriction site. Ad31 isolates 1-6 could be divided into two groups by the enzymes Bam HI, Msp I, and Xho I. Each enzyme gave rise to the same group distribution: isolates 1-3 and 4-6, respectively. Digestion with Bst EII, Hind III, Kpn I, and Sma I resulted in identical patterns for isolates 1-6. Isolate 7, however, demonstrated a DNA deletion of approximately 0.8 kbp, but it was otherwise identical to isolates 4-6. In conclusion, two separate genome types of Ad31 were isolated, one of which included a DNA deletion mutant. The increased isolation rate may reflect an epidemiological situation, as the same isolation procedure had been used both before and after this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Abstract
A sequential approach to the optimization of a fluid bed coating process of pellets for controlled release using organic solvents and ethylcellulose has been applied using reduced factorial experiments. The optimization was started by applying a 2(4-1) experiment then, based on the results from that study, further experiments were carried out where only the variables which had the most significant effect on the film yield were used. Finally, a 2(3-1) experiment was performed. A relationship was found between the film yield and degree of agglomeration, indicating a limiting value of the film yield (75 per cent) below which only little agglomeration takes place. Above this value, the degree of agglomeration increases dramatically. The limit value was found to change only to a minor extent as a function of experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Johansson
- Astra Alab AB, Research & Development Laboratories, Pharmaceutics Solid Systems, Södertälje, Sweden
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50
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Abstract
The film formation of magnesium stearate on the surface of acetylsalicylic acid was investigated by applying a flow-through dissolution technique. The effect of mixing time, lubricant surface area, and the addition of colloidal silica was studied. The film formation increased by increasing mixing time. The final level reached was independent of the specific surface area of the lubricants, but granular magnesium stearate gave a lower surface coverage than the powdered lubricants. The lubricating effect was independent of the mixing time and specific surface area of the lubricants. Colloidal silica was found to interact primarily with the free fraction of magnesium stearate.
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