1
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Redaelli S, Grati FR, Tritto V, Giannuzzi G, Recalcati MP, Sala E, Villa N, Crosti F, Roversi G, Malvestiti F, Zanatta V, Repetti E, Rodeschini O, Valtorta C, Catusi I, Romitti L, Martinoli E, Conconi D, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Riva P, Bentivegna A. Olfactory receptor genes and chromosome 11 structural aberrations: Players or spectators? HGG Adv 2024; 5:100261. [PMID: 38160254 PMCID: PMC10820794 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The largest multi-gene family in metazoans is the family of olfactory receptor (OR) genes. Human ORs are organized in clusters over most chromosomes and seem to include >0.1% the human genome. Because 369 out of 856 OR genes are mapped on chromosome 11 (HSA11), we sought to determine whether they mediate structural rearrangements involving this chromosome. To this aim, we analyzed 220 specimens collected during diagnostic procedures involving structural rearrangements of chromosome 11. A total of 222 chromosomal abnormalities were included, consisting of inversions, deletions, translocations, duplications, and one insertion, detected by conventional chromosome analysis and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). We verified by bioinformatics and statistical approaches the occurrence of breakpoints in cytobands with or without OR genes. We found that OR genes are not involved in chromosome 11 reciprocal translocations, suggesting that different DNA motifs and mechanisms based on homology or non-homology recombination can cause chromosome 11 structural alterations. We also considered the proximity between the chromosomal territories of chromosome 11 and its partner chromosomes involved in the translocations by using the deposited Hi-C data concerning the possible occurrence of chromosome interactions. Interestingly, most of the breakpoints are located in regions highly involved in chromosome interactions. Further studies should be carried out to confirm the potential role of chromosome territories' proximity in promoting genome structural variation, so fundamental in our understanding of the molecular basis of medical genetics and evolutionary genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Grati
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, Toma Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A. (ImpactLab), 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Viviana Tritto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Elena Sala
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Crosti
- UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gaia Roversi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Malvestiti
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, Toma Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A. (ImpactLab), 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Valentina Zanatta
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, Toma Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A. (ImpactLab), 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Elena Repetti
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, Toma Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A. (ImpactLab), 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Ornella Rodeschini
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Chiara Valtorta
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Romitti
- Pathology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martinoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Riva
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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2
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Privitera F, Piccini F, Recalcati MP, Presi S, Mazzola S, Carrera P. APC-Related Phenotypes and Intellectual Disability in 5q Interstitial Deletions: A New Case and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1505. [PMID: 37510409 PMCID: PMC10379344 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5q deletion syndrome is a relatively rare condition caused by the monoallelic interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. Patients described in literature usually present variable dysmorphic features, behavioral disturbance, and intellectual disability (ID); moreover, the involvement of the APC gene (5q22.2) in the deletion predisposes them to tumoral syndromes (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Gardner syndrome). Although the development of gastrointestinal tract malignancies has been extensively described, the genetic causes underlying neurologic manifestations have never been investigated. In this study, we described a new patient with a 19.85 Mb interstitial deletion identified by array-CGH and compared the deletions and the phenotypes reported in other patients already described in the literature and the Decipher database. Overlapping deletions allowed us to highlight a common region in 5q22.1q23.1, identifying KCNN2 (5q22.3) as the most likely candidate gene contributing to the neurologic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Privitera
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Piccini
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Presi
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Mazzola
- Medical Genetics, ASST del Garda, Desenzano, 25015 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Carrera
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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3
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Niceta M, Pizzi S, Inzana F, Peron A, Bakhtiari S, Nizon M, Levy J, Mancini C, Cogné B, Radio FC, Agolini E, Cocciadiferro D, Novelli A, Salih MA, Recalcati MP, Arancio R, Besnard M, Tabet A, Kruer MC, Priolo M, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M. Delineation of the clinical profile of CNOT2 haploinsufficiency and overview of the IDNADFS phenotype. Clin Genet 2023; 103:156-166. [PMID: 36224108 PMCID: PMC9939052 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CNOT2 haploinsufficiency underlies a rare neurodevelopmental disorder named Intellectual Developmental disorder with NAsal speech, Dysmorphic Facies, and variable Skeletal anomalies (IDNADFS, OMIM 618608). The condition clinically overlaps with chromosome 12q15 deletion syndrome, suggesting a major contribution of CNOT2 haploinsufficiency to the latter. CNOT2 is a member of the CCR4-NOT complex, which is a master regulator of multiple cellular processes, including gene expression, RNA deadenylation, and protein ubiquitination. To date, less than 20 pathogenic 12q15 microdeletions encompassing CNOT2, together with a single truncating variant of the gene, and two large intragenic deletions have been reported. Due to the small number of affected subjects described so far, the clinical profile of IDNADFS has not been fully delineated. Here we report five unrelated individuals, three of which carrying de novo intragenic CNOT2 variants, one presenting with a multiexon intragenic deletion, and an additional case of 12q15 microdeletion syndrome. Finally, we assess the features of IDNADFS by reviewing published and present affected individuals and reevaluate the clinical phenotype of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare DiseasesBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of PediatricsSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare DiseasesBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Francesca Inzana
- Genetic Counseling ServiceRegional Hospital of BolzanoBolzanoItaly
| | - Angela Peron
- Medical GeneticsASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Ospedale San PaoloMilanItaly
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric NeurologyBarrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's HospitalPhoenixArizonaUSA
- Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Program in GeneticsUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine – PhoenixPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique MédicaleL'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NantesNantesFrance
| | - Jonathan Levy
- Genetics DepartmentAP‐HP, Robert‐Debré University HospitalParisFrance
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare DiseasesBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCHU de NantesNantesFrance
| | | | - Emanuele Agolini
- Translational Cytogenomics Research UnitBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Dario Cocciadiferro
- Translational Cytogenomics Research UnitBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research UnitBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Mustafa A. Salih
- Neurology Division, Department of PediatricsCollege of Medicine, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of PediatricsCollege of Medicine, Almughtaribeen UniversityKhartoumSudan
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Medical Cytogenetics LaboratoryIstituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCSCusano MilaninoItaly
| | - Rosangela Arancio
- Clinica PediatricaOspedale San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo CarloMilanItaly
| | - Marianne Besnard
- Service de NéonatologieCentre Hospitalier de Polynésie FrançaisePapeeteFrench Polynesia
| | - Anne‐Claude Tabet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive FunctionsInstitut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de ParisParisFrance
- Cytogenetic UnitRobert Debré Hospital, APHPParisFrance
| | - Michael C. Kruer
- Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Program in GeneticsUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine – PhoenixPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Manuela Priolo
- UOSD Genetica MedicaGrande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi‐Melacrino‐Morelli”Reggio CalabriaItaly
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare DiseasesBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare DiseasesBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
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4
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Grati FR, Bestetti I, De Siero D, Malvestiti F, Villa N, Sala E, Crosti F, Parisi V, Nardone AM, Di Giacomo G, Pettinari A, Tortora G, Montaldi A, Calò A, Saccilotto D, Zanchetti S, Celli P, Guerneri S, Silipigni R, Cardarelli L, Lippi E, Cavani S, Malacarne M, Genesio R, Beltrami N, Pittalis MC, Desiderio L, Gentile M, Ficarella R, Recalcati MP, Catusi I, Garzo M, Miele L, Corti C, Ghezzo S, Bertini V, Cambi F, Valetto A, Facchinetti B, Bernardini L, Capalbo A, Balducci F, Pelo E, Minuti B, Pescucci C, Giuliani C, Renieri A, Longo I, Tita R, Castello G, Casalone R, Righi R, Raso B, Civolani A, Muzi MC, di Natale M, Varriale L, Gasperini D, Nuzzi MC, Cellamare A, Casieri P, Busuito R, Ceccarini C, Cesarano C, Privitera O, Melani D, Menozzi C, Falcinelli C, Calabrese O, Battaglia P, Tanzariello A, Stampalija T, Ardisia C, Gasparini P, Benn P, Novelli A. Positive predictive values and outcomes for uninformative cell-free DNA tests: An Italian multicentric Cytogenetic and cytogenomic Audit of diagnOstic testing (ICARO study). Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:1575-1586. [PMID: 36403097 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the positive predictive values (PPV) of cfDNA testing based on data from a nationwide survey of independent clinical cytogenetics laboratories. METHODS Prenatal diagnostic test results obtained by Italian laboratories between 2013 and March 2020 were compiled for women with positive non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPT), without an NIPT result, and cases where there was sex discordancy between the NIPT and ultrasound. PPV and other summary data were reviewed. RESULTS Diagnostic test results were collected for 1327 women with a positive NIPT. The highest PPVs were for Trisomy (T) 21 (624/671, 93%) and XYY (26/27, 96.3%), while rare autosomal trisomies (9/47, 19.1%) and recurrent microdeletions (8/55, 14.5%) had the lowest PPVs. PPVs for T21, T18, and T13 were significantly higher when diagnostic confirmation was carried out on chorionic villi (97.5%) compared to amniotic fluid (89.5%) (p < 0.001). In 19/139 (13.9%), of no result cases, a cytogenetic abnormality was detected. Follow-up genetic testing provided explanations for 3/6 cases with a fetal sex discordancy between NIPT and ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS NIPT PPVs differ across the conditions screened and the tissues studied in diagnostic testing. This variability, issues associated with fetal sex discordancy, and no results, illustrate the importance of pre- and post-test counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Grati
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bestetti
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria De Siero
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Francesca Malvestiti
- R&D, Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Medical Genetics Unit, TOMA Advanced Biomedical Assays S.p.A, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- UOS Citogenetica e Genetica Medica - ASST-Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Sala
- UOS Citogenetica e Genetica Medica - ASST-Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesca Crosti
- UOS Citogenetica e Genetica Medica - ASST-Monza, Ospedale San Gerardo, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Ospedale Pediatrico del Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Nardone
- U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Pettinari
- SOSD Malattie Rare e Citogenetica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giada Tortora
- SOSD Malattie Rare e Citogenetica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Annapaola Calò
- U.O.S. Laboratorio di Genetica, AULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Sara Zanchetti
- U.O.S. Laboratorio di Genetica, AULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Paola Celli
- U.O.S. Laboratorio di Genetica, AULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Silvana Guerneri
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Silipigni
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Cardarelli
- Laboratorio di Genetica medica, Lifebrain, Gruppo Cerba HealthCare, c/o RDI, Rete Diagnostica Italiana, Limena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lippi
- Laboratorio di Genetica medica, Lifebrain, Gruppo Cerba HealthCare, c/o RDI, Rete Diagnostica Italiana, Limena, Italy
| | - Simona Cavani
- U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Malacarne
- U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- DAI medicina di laboratorio e trasfusionale AOU Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carla Pittalis
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Desiderio
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina della Riproduzione, UOC Genetica Medica, ASL BARI, Bari, Italy
| | - Romina Ficarella
- Dipartimento di Medicina della Riproduzione, UOC Genetica Medica, ASL BARI, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Garzo
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Ghezzo
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica - U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Centro Servizi Pievesestina - Laboratorio Unico, AUSL ROMAGNA, Cesena, Italy
| | - Veronica Bertini
- SOD Citogenetica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cambi
- SOD Citogenetica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Valetto
- SOD Citogenetica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Facchinetti
- UOSD SMeL 4 Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Anna Capalbo
- Medical Genetics Division, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federica Balducci
- TECNOBIOS PRENATALE EUROGENLAB - Gruppo LIFE BRAIN Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Longo
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Tita
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castello
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Rosario Casalone
- SSD SMeL Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST dei Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossana Righi
- SSD SMeL Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST dei Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Barbara Raso
- ASL ROMA 1, Centro S.Anna, Dipartimento dei Laboratori, U.O.S.D. di Genetica medica, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Civolani
- ASL ROMA 1, Centro S.Anna, Dipartimento dei Laboratori, U.O.S.D. di Genetica medica, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Muzi
- ASL ROMA 1, Centro S.Anna, Dipartimento dei Laboratori, U.O.S.D. di Genetica medica, Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela di Natale
- ASL ROMA 1, Centro S.Anna, Dipartimento dei Laboratori, U.O.S.D. di Genetica medica, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigia Varriale
- UOSD Diagnostica Alta Complessità, Settore Genetica, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord-Pesaro, Nord-Pesaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Gasperini
- Laboratorio Genetica e Genomica, Ospedale Microcitemico A.Cao, ARNAS Brotzu Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Nuzzi
- UOC Patologia Clinica - Sezione di Genetica Medica, Ospedale SS. Annunziata Taranto - ASL TARANTO, Taranto, Italy
| | - Angelo Cellamare
- UOC Patologia Clinica - Sezione di Genetica Medica, Ospedale SS. Annunziata Taranto - ASL TARANTO, Taranto, Italy
| | - Paola Casieri
- UOC Patologia Clinica - Sezione di Genetica Medica, Ospedale SS. Annunziata Taranto - ASL TARANTO, Taranto, Italy
| | - Rosa Busuito
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare e Citogenetica - Sezione di Citogenetica, UOC Laboratorio Analisi - ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Italy
| | | | - Carla Cesarano
- U.O.C Genetica Medica, Policlinico Riuniti Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Orsola Privitera
- SOS Genetica e Diagnostica di Laboratorio, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Presidio Ospedale S. Stefano, Prato, Italy
| | - Daniela Melani
- SOS Genetica e Diagnostica di Laboratorio, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Presidio Ospedale S. Stefano, Prato, Italy
| | - Cristina Menozzi
- SSD Genetica Medica, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, AOU Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Falcinelli
- SSD Genetica Medica, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, AOU Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Olga Calabrese
- SSD Genetica Medica, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, AOU Policlinico Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Battaglia
- Laboratorio di Genetica, UOC Genetica Medica, AUSL Imola, Imola, Italy
| | | | - Tamara Stampalija
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carmela Ardisia
- Genetica Medica IRCCS Ospedale "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Genetica Medica IRCCS Ospedale "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter Benn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Antonio Novelli
- U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Ospedale Pediatrico del Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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5
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Redaelli S, Conconi D, Sala E, Villa N, Crosti F, Roversi G, Catusi I, Valtorta C, Recalcati MP, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Bentivegna A. Characterization of Chromosomal Breakpoints in 12 Cases with 8p Rearrangements Defines a Continuum of Fragility of the Region. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063347. [PMID: 35328767 PMCID: PMC8954119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization technology have allowed for high-resolution detection of genome wide copy number alterations, leading to a better definition of rearrangements and supporting the study of pathogenesis mechanisms. In this study, we focused our attention on chromosome 8p. We report 12 cases of 8p rearrangements, analyzed by molecular karyotype, evidencing a continuum of fragility that involves the entire short arm. The breakpoints seem more concentrated in three intervals: one at the telomeric end, the others at 8p23.1, close to the beta-defensin gene cluster and olfactory receptor low-copy repeats. Hypothetical mechanisms for all cases are described. Our data extend the cohort of published patients with 8p aberrations and highlight the need to pay special attention to these sequences due to the risk of formation of new chromosomal aberrations with pathological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Sala
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crosti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Gaia Roversi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Chiara Valtorta
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (I.C.); (C.V.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.S.); (N.V.); (F.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.); (L.D.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.B.)
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6
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Catusi I, Garzo M, Capra AP, Briuglia S, Baldo C, Canevini MP, Cantone R, Elia F, Forzano F, Galesi O, Grosso E, Malacarne M, Peron A, Romano C, Saccani M, Larizza L, Recalcati MP. 8p23.2-pter Microdeletions: Seven New Cases Narrowing the Candidate Region and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050652. [PMID: 33925474 PMCID: PMC8146486 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date only five patients with 8p23.2-pter microdeletions manifesting a mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment and/or developmental delay, dysmorphisms and neurobehavioral issues were reported. The smallest microdeletion described by Wu in 2010 suggested a critical region (CR) of 2.1 Mb including several genes, out of which FBXO25, DLGAP2, CLN8, ARHGEF10 and MYOM2 are the main candidates. Here we present seven additional patients with 8p23.2-pter microdeletions, ranging from 71.79 kb to 4.55 Mb. The review of five previously reported and nine Decipher patients confirmed the association of the CR with a variable clinical phenotype characterized by intellectual disability/developmental delay, including language and speech delay and/or motor impairment, behavioral anomalies, autism spectrum disorder, dysmorphisms, microcephaly, fingers/toes anomalies and epilepsy. Genotype analysis allowed to narrow down the 8p23.3 candidate region which includes only DLGAP2, CLN8 and ARHGEF10 genes, accounting for the main signs of the broad clinical phenotype associated to 8p23.2-pter microdeletions. This region is more restricted compared to the previously proposed CR. Overall, our data favor the hypothesis that DLGAP2 is the actual strongest candidate for neurodevelopmental/behavioral phenotypes. Additional patients will be necessary to validate the pathogenic role of DLGAP2 and better define how the two contiguous genes, ARHGEF10 and CLN8, might contribute to the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Catusi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Garzo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Briuglia
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldo
- UOC Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit-Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Cantone
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Flaviana Elia
- Unit of Psychology, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Francesca Forzano
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ornella Galesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Enrico Grosso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Malacarne
- UOC Laboratorio di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Peron
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit-Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Human Pathology and Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Corrado Romano
- Unit of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Monica Saccani
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit-Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 20145 Milan, Italy
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7
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Peron A, Catusi I, Recalcati MP, Calzari L, Larizza L, Vignoli A, Canevini MP. Ring Chromosome 20 Syndrome: Genetics, Clinical Characteristics, and Overlapping Phenotypes. Front Neurol 2020; 11:613035. [PMID: 33363513 PMCID: PMC7753021 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.613035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 20 [r(20)] syndrome is a rare condition characterized by a non-supernumerary ring chromosome 20 replacing a normal chromosome 20. It is commonly seen in a mosaic state and is diagnosed by means of karyotyping. r(20) syndrome is characterized by a recognizable epileptic phenotype with typical EEG pattern, intellectual disability manifesting after seizure onset in otherwise normally developing children, and behavioral changes. Despite the distinctive phenotype, many patients still lack a diagnosis-especially in the genomic era-and the pathomechanisms of ring formation are poorly understood. In this review we address the genetic and clinical aspects of r(20) syndrome, and discuss differential diagnoses and overlapping phenotypes, providing the reader with useful tools for clinical and laboratory practice. We also discuss the current issues in understanding the mechanisms through which ring 20 chromosome causes the typical manifestations, and present unpublished data about methylation studies. Ultimately, we explore future perspectives of r(20) research. Our intended audience is clinical and laboratory geneticists, child and adult neurologists, and genetic counselors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Peron
- Human Pathology and Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit - Epilepsy Center, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Catusi I, Bonati MT, Mainini E, Russo S, Orlandini E, Larizza L, Recalcati MP. Recombinant Chromosome 7 Driven by Maternal Chromosome 7 Pericentric Inversion in a Girl with Features of Silver-Russell Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228487. [PMID: 33187293 PMCID: PMC7698152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 is present in 5-10% of patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), and duplication of 7p including GRB10 (Growth Factor Receptor-Bound Protein 10), an imprinted gene that affects pre-and postnatal growth retardation, has been associated with the SRS phenotype. Here, we report on a 17 year old girl referred to array-CGH analysis for short stature, psychomotor delay, and relative macrocephaly. Array-CGH analysis showed two copy number variants (CNVs): a ~12.7 Mb gain in 7p13-p11.2, involving GRB10 and an ~9 Mb loss in 7q11.21-q11.23. FISH experiments performed on the proband's mother showed a chromosome 7 pericentric inversion that might have mediated the complex rearrangement harbored by the daughter. Indeed, we found that segmental duplications, of which chromosome 7 is highly enriched, mapped at the breakpoints of both the mother's inversion and the daughter's CNVs. We postulate that pairing of highly homologous sequences might have perturbed the correct meiotic chromosome segregation, leading to unbalanced outcomes and acting as the putative meiotic mechanism that was causative of the proband's rearrangement. Comparison of the girl's phenotype to those of patients with similar CNVs supports the presence of 7p in a locus associated with features of SRS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Catusi
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milano, Italy; (I.C.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- Ambulatorio di Genetica Medica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milano, Italy; (M.T.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Ester Mainini
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milano, Italy; (I.C.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milano, Italy; (I.C.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Eleonora Orlandini
- Ambulatorio di Genetica Medica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milano, Italy; (M.T.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milano, Italy; (I.C.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milano, Italy; (I.C.); (E.M.); (S.R.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Redaelli S, Conconi D, Villa N, Sala E, Crosti F, Corti C, Catusi I, Garzo M, Romitti L, Martinoli E, Patrizi A, Malgara R, Recalcati MP, Dalprà L, Lavitrano M, Riva P, Roversi G, Bentivegna A. Instability of Short Arm of Acrocentric Chromosomes: Lesson from Non-Acrocentric Satellited Chromosomes. Report of 24 Unrelated Cases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103431. [PMID: 32413994 PMCID: PMC7279238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellited non-acrocentric autosomal chromosomes (ps–qs-chromosomes) are the result of an interchange between sub- or telomeric regions of autosomes and the p arm of acrocentrics. The sequence homology at the rearrangement breakpoints appears to be, among others, the most frequent mechanism generating these variant chromosomes. The unbalanced carriers of this type of translocation may or may not display phenotypic abnormalities. With the aim to understand the causative mechanism, we revised all the ps–qs-chromosomes identified in five medical genetics laboratories, which used the same procedures for karyotype analysis, reporting 24 unrelated cases involving eight chromosomes. In conclusion, we observed three different scenarios: true translocation, benign variant and complex rearrangement. The detection of translocation partners is essential to evaluate possible euchromatic unbalances and to infer their effect on phenotype. Moreover, we emphasize the importance to perform both, molecular and conventional cytogenetics methods, to better understand the behavior of our genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Redaelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Donatella Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.V.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Elena Sala
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.V.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crosti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.V.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Cecilia Corti
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (C.C.); (I.C.); (M.G.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (C.C.); (I.C.); (M.G.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Maria Garzo
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (C.C.); (I.C.); (M.G.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Lorenza Romitti
- Pathology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Martinoli
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine Department, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonella Patrizi
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberta Malgara
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, San Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Medical Cytogenetics Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (C.C.); (I.C.); (M.G.); (M.P.R.)
| | - Leda Dalprà
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.V.); (E.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Paola Riva
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine Department, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Gaia Roversi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.R.); (D.C.); (L.D.); (M.L.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264488133
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10
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Catusi I, Recalcati MP, Bestetti I, Garzo M, Valtorta C, Alfonsi M, Alghisi A, Cappellani S, Casalone R, Caselli R, Ceccarini C, Ceglia C, Ciaschini AM, Coviello D, Crosti F, D'Aprile A, Fabretto A, Genesio R, Giagnacovo M, Granata P, Longo I, Malacarne M, Marseglia G, Montaldi A, Nardone AM, Palka C, Pecile V, Pessina C, Postorivo D, Redaelli S, Renieri A, Rigon C, Tiberi F, Tonelli M, Villa N, Zilio A, Zuccarello D, Novelli A, Larizza L, Giardino D. Testing single/combined clinical categories on 5110 Italian patients with developmental phenotypes to improve array-based detection rate. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1056. [PMID: 31851782 PMCID: PMC6978242 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is nowadays widely used in the diagnostic path of patients with clinical phenotypes. However, there is no ascertained evidence to date on how to assemble single/combined clinical categories of developmental phenotypic findings to improve the array‐based detection rate. Methods The Italian Society of Human Genetics coordinated a retrospective study which included CMA results of 5,110 Italian patients referred to 17 genetics laboratories for variable combined clinical phenotypes. Results Non‐polymorphic copy number variants (CNVs) were identified in 1512 patients (30%) and 615 (32%) present in 552 patients (11%) were classified as pathogenic. CNVs were analysed according to type, size, inheritance pattern, distribution among chromosomes, and association to known syndromes. In addition, the evaluation of the detection rate of clinical subgroups of patients allowed to associate dysmorphisms and/or congenital malformations combined with any other single clinical sign to an increased detection rate, whereas non‐syndromic neurodevelopmental signs and non‐syndromic congenital malformations to a decreased detection rate. Conclusions Our retrospective study resulted in confirming the high detection rate of CMA and indicated new clinical markers useful to optimize their inclusion in the diagnostic and rehabilitative path of patients with developmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Catusi
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Bestetti
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Garzo
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Valtorta
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Melissa Alfonsi
- U.O.C. di Genetica medica, Ospedale SS Annunziata, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberta Alghisi
- U.O.S. Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Azienda ULSS 6, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Casalone
- SMeL specializzato Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Sette Laghi, Osp. di Circolo e Fond. Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossella Caselli
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Ceglia
- UOSD Genetica Medica, AORN "SG Moscati", Avellino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ciaschini
- A.O.U. Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - G.M.Lancisi - G.Salesi, Lab. Genetica Medica SOS Malattie Rare, Ancona, Italy
| | - Domenico Coviello
- Lab. di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Crosti
- U.S. Genetica Medica, Ospedale San Gerardo ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Rita Genesio
- U.O.C. di Citogenetica, A.O.U. Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Paola Granata
- SMeL specializzato Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Sette Laghi, Osp. di Circolo e Fond. Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Ilaria Longo
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Michela Malacarne
- Lab. di Genetica Umana, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Palka
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Vanna Pecile
- S.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Pessina
- SMeL specializzato Citogenetica e Genetica Medica, ASST Sette Laghi, Osp. di Circolo e Fond. Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | - Diana Postorivo
- U.O.C. Lab. di Genetica Medica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Rigon
- U.O.C. Genetica e Epidemiologia Clinica, A.O.U. di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Tiberi
- A.O.U. Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - G.M.Lancisi - G.Salesi, Lab. Genetica Medica SOS Malattie Rare, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariella Tonelli
- LCGM Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- U.S. Genetica Medica, Ospedale San Gerardo ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Zilio
- U.O.S. Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Azienda ULSS 6, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Zuccarello
- U.O.C. Genetica e Epidemiologia Clinica, A.O.U. di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Ospedale Pediatrico del Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Giardino
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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11
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Garzo M, Catusi I, Colombo DM, De Grada L, Recalcati MP, Rodeschini O, Barone C, Beltrami N, Busuito R, Cappellani S, Ciaschini AM, Gulisano A, Malpezzi E, Pecile V, Pittalis MC, Romitti L, Stioui S, Larizza L, Giardino D. Ten new cases of Balanced Reciprocal Translocation Mosaicism (BRTM): Reproductive implications, frequency and mechanism. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103639. [PMID: 30858057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal anomalies are well known to be an important cause of infertility, sterility and pregnancy loss. Balanced Reciprocal Translocation Mosaicism (BRTM) is an extremely rare phenomenon, mainly observed in subjects with a normal phenotype accompanied by reproductive failure. To date the mechanism of origin and the incidence of BRTM are poorly defined. Here we describe 10 new cases of BRTM. In 9 cases chromosome analysis revealed the presence of two different cell lines, one with a normal karyotype and the second with an apparently balanced reciprocal translocation. In the remaining case, both cell lines showed two different, but apparently balanced, reciprocal translocations. We document the clinical implications of BRTM, discuss its frequency in our referred population and suggest that carrier individuals might be more frequent than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garzo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Catusi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura De Grada
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Rodeschini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Barone
- ARNAS Garibaldi Nesima, Catania, Italy; L.C. Laboratori Campisi srl, Avola, SR, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Busuito
- UOS Citogenetica Laboratorio Analisi ASST Ovest Milanese, Presidio Ospedaliero di Legnano, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Ciaschini
- Lab. di Genetica Medica SOS Malattie Rare, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-G.M.Lancisi-G.Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Malpezzi
- Policlinio S.Orsola-Malpighi, U.O.Ostetricia e Medicina dell'età Prenatale, Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanna Pecile
- Lab di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Pittalis
- Policlinio S.Orsola-Malpighi, U.O.Ostetricia e Medicina dell'età Prenatale, Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenza Romitti
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda,SC Anatomia Istologia Patologica e Citogenetica, Milano, Italy
| | - Sabine Stioui
- Lab di Citogenetica e Genetica Medica - Laboratorio Analisi Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Giardino
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab. di Citogenetica Medica, Milano, Italy
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12
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Cirello V, Giorgini V, Castronovo C, Marelli S, Mainini E, Sironi A, Recalcati MP, Pessina M, Giardino D, Larizza L, Persani L, Finelli P, Russo S, Fugazzola L. Segmental Maternal UPD of Chromosome 7q in a Patient With Pendred and Silver Russell Syndromes-Like Features. Front Genet 2018; 9:600. [PMID: 30555519 PMCID: PMC6284021 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendred syndrome (PS) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in the SLC26A4 gene (chr7q22. 3) and characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and variable thyroid phenotype. Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a heterogeneous imprinting disorder including severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, and dysmorphic features. Maternal uniparental disomy of either the whole chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat) or 7q (upd(7q)mat) is one of the multiple mechanisms impacting the expression of imprinted genes in SRS, and is associated with milder clinical features. Here, we report genetic and clinical characterization of a female child with PS, postnatal growth retardation, and minor dysmorphic features. A gross homozygous deletion of SLC26A4 exons 17-20 was suspected by Sanger sequencing and then confirmed by array-CGH. Moreover, an insertion of about 1 kb of the CCDC126 gene (7p15.3), which does not appear to be clinically relevant, was detected. The possible occurrence of a balanced rearrangement between 7p and 7q was excluded. The absence of the deletion in the father led to the investigation of upd, and microsatellite segregation analysis revealed a segmental 7q (upd(7q)mat), leading to SLC26A4 homozygosity and responsible for both PS and SRS-like traits. The proband matched 3 out of 6 major SRS criteria. In conclusion, this is the first report of uniparental isodisomy encompassing almost the whole long arm of chromosome 7 resulting in PS and SRS-like features. Whereas, the inner ear phenotype of PS is typical, the clinical features suggestive of SRS might have been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgini
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Castronovo
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Susan Marelli
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Ester Mainini
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sironi
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Recalcati
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pessina
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Daniela Giardino
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Pichiecchio A, Vitale G, Caporali C, Parazzini C, Milani D, Recalcati MP, D'Amico L, Signorini S, Balottin U, Bastianello S. New insights into the phenotypic spectrum of 14q22q23 deletions: a case report and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:87. [PMID: 30268123 PMCID: PMC6162925 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations occurring in the orthodenticle homeobox 2 gene (OTX2) are responsible for a rare genetic syndrome, characterized mainly by microphthalmia/anophthalmia associated with extra-ocular defects such as brain malformations, pituitary abnormalities, short stature and intellectual disability. To date, the spectrum of radiological features observed in patients with OTX2 mutations has never been summarized. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, we describe a case of large microdeletion encompassing OTX2 but not BMP4 presenting with a syndromic anophthalmia with corpus callosum hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia and vermian hypoplasia. CONCLUSION Our case report provides an illustration of the neuroradiological spectrum in a case of OTX2-related syndrome and the first radiological evidence of 14q22.2q23.1 deletion associated posterior cranial fossa anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Cecilia Parazzini
- Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", via Lodovico Castelvetro 32, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura D'Amico
- University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Balottin
- University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianello
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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14
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Recalcati MP, Bonati MT, Beltrami N, Cardarelli L, Catusi I, Costa A, Garzo M, Mammi I, Mattina T, Nalesso E, Nardone AM, Postorivo D, Sajeva A, Varricchio A, Verri A, Villa N, Larizza L, Giardino D. Molecular cytogenetics characterization of seven small supernumerary marker chromosomes derived from chromosome 19: Genotype-phenotype correlation and review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:173-180. [PMID: 29174090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Only a few subjects carrying supernumerary marker chromosomes derived from 19 chromosome (sSMC(19)) have been described to date and for a small portion of them the genic content has been defined at the molecular level. We present seven new different sSMCs(19) identified in eight individuals, seven of whom unrelated. The presence of the sSMC is associated with a clinical phenotype in five subjects, while the other three carriers, two of whom related, are normal. All sSMCs(19) have been characterized by means of conventional and molecular cytogenetics. We compare the sSMCs(19) carriers with a clinical phenotype to already described patients with gains (sSMCs or microduplications) of overlapping genomic regions with the aim to deepen the pathogenicity of the encountered imbalances and to assess the role of the involved genes on the phenotype. The present work supports the correlation between the gain of some chromosome 19 critical regions and specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Recalcati
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica e Amb. di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica e Amb. di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Catusi
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica e Amb. di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Asia Costa
- Genetica Medica, Università di Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Garzo
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica e Amb. di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Mammi
- Amb. Genetica, Ospedale di Dolo, ULSS13 Dolo, Mirano, VE, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Nalesso
- Laboratorio Analisi Citotest, Sarmeola di Rubano, PD, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Nardone
- U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Medica Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Diana Postorivo
- U.O.C. Laboratorio di Genetica Medica Policlinico Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Sajeva
- Genetica Clinica Pediatrica, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per la Mamma e il suo Bambino (FMBBM), Italy
| | - Aminta Varricchio
- Laboratorio Montevergine-Malzoni, Torrette di Mercogliano, Avellino, Italy
| | - Annapia Verri
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Nazionale C. Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Villa
- US Genetica Medica, Ospedale San Gerardo, ASST di Monza, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica e Amb. di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Giardino
- Lab. di Citogenetica Medica e Amb. di Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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15
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Finelli P, Sirchia SM, Masciadri M, Crippa M, Recalcati MP, Rusconi D, Giardino D, Monti L, Cogliati F, Faravelli F, Natacci F, Zoccante L, Bernardina BD, Russo S, Larizza L. Juxtaposition of heterochromatic and euchromatic regions by chromosomal translocation mediates a heterochromatic long-range position effect associated with a severe neurological phenotype. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:16. [PMID: 22475481 PMCID: PMC3395859 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The term "position effect" is used when the expression of a gene is deleteriously affected by an alteration in its chromosomal environment even though the integrity of the protein coding sequences is maintained. We describe a patient affected by epilepsy and severe neurodevelopment delay carrying a balanced translocation t(15;16)(p11.2;q12.1)dn that we assume caused a position effect as a result of the accidental juxtaposition of heterochromatin in the euchromatic region. Results FISH mapped the translocation breakpoints (bkps) to 15p11.2 within satellite III and the 16q12.1 euchromatic band within the ITFG1 gene. The expression of the genes located on both sides of the translocation were tested by means of real-time PCR and three, all located on der(16), were found to be variously perturbed: the euchromatic gene NETO2/BTCL2 was silenced, whereas VPS35 and SHCBP1, located within the major heterochromatic block of chromosome 16q11.2, were over-expressed. Pyrosequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation of NETO2/BTCL2 and VPS35 confirmed the expression findings. Interphase FISH analysis showed that der(16) localised to regions occupied by the beta satellite heterochromatic blocks more frequently than der(15). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a heterochromatic position effect in humans caused by the juxtaposition of euchromatin/heterochromatin as a result of chromosomal rearrangement. The overall results are fully in keeping with the observations in Drosophila and suggest the occurrence of a human heterochromatin position effect associated with the nuclear repositioning of the der(16) and its causative role in the patient's syndromic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palma Finelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino 20095, Italy.
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16
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Giardino D, Vignoli A, Ballarati L, Recalcati MP, Russo S, Camporeale N, Marchi M, Finelli P, Accorsi P, Giordano L, La Briola F, Chiesa V, Canevini MP, Larizza L. Genetic investigations on 8 patients affected by ring 20 chromosome syndrome. BMC Med Genet 2010; 11:146. [PMID: 20939888 PMCID: PMC2967536 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Mosaic Chromosome 20 ring [r(20)] is a chromosomal disorder associated with a rare syndrome characterized by a typical seizure phenotype, a particular electroclinical pattern, cognitive impairment, behavioural problems and absence of a consistent pattern of dysmorphology. The pathogenic mechanism underlying seizures disorders in r(20) syndrome is still unknown. We performed a detailed clinical and genetic study on 8 patients with r(20) chromosome, aimed at detecting the genetic mechanism underlying r(20) syndrome. Methods We submitted 8 subjects with a previous diagnosis of ring 20 chromosome mosaicism to a clinical re-evaluation, followed by cytogenetic, FISH, array-CGH and molecular analyses. The genetic study was also extended to their available parents. Results FISH and array-CGH experiments indicate that cryptic deletions on chromosome 20 are not the cause of the r(20) chromosome associated disease. Moreover, no evidence of chromosome 20 uniparental disomy was found. Analysis of FISH signals given by variant in size alphoid tandem repeats probes on the normal chromosome 20 and the r(20) chromosome in the mosaic carriers suggests that the r(20) chromosome is the same chromosome not circularized in the "normal" cell line. Conclusions Higher percentages of r(20) chromosome cells were observed to be related with precocious age at seizure onset and with resistance to antiepileptic drug treatment. Behavioural problems also seem to be associated with higher percentages of r(20) chromosome cells. Our results suggest that an epigenetic mechanism perturbing the expression of genes close to the telomeric regions, rather than deletion of genes located at the distal 20p and/or 20q regions, may underlie the manifestation of r(20) syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giardino
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica Medica e Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Milan, Italy.
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17
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Recalcati MP, Valtorta E, Romitti L, Giardino D, Manfredini E, Vaccari R, Larizza L, Finelli P. Characterisation of complex chromosome 18p rearrangements in two syndromic patients with immunological deficits. Eur J Med Genet 2010; 53:186-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Ballarati L, Recalcati MP, Bedeschi MF, Lalatta F, Valtorta C, Bellini M, Finelli P, Larizza L, Giardino D. Cytogenetic, FISH and array-CGH characterization of a complex chromosomal rearrangement carried by a mentally and language impaired patient. Eur J Med Genet 2009; 52:218-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Cirello V, Recalcati MP, Muzza M, Rossi S, Perrino M, Vicentini L, Beck-Peccoz P, Finelli P, Fugazzola L. Fetal cell microchimerism in papillary thyroid cancer: a possible role in tumor damage and tissue repair. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8482-8. [PMID: 18922922 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fetal cells enter the maternal circulation during pregnancy and can persist in the maternal blood or tissues for decades, creating a physiologic microchimerism. Because papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is more frequent in women, the role of persisting fetal male cells in this tumor has been investigated. Tumor tissue specimens were obtained from 63 women with PTC who had a male pregnancy before the diagnosis. Male cells, identified by PCR amplification of a male-specific gene, the sex-determining region Y, was detected in 47.5% of women. By fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses, the total number of microchimeric cells was significantly higher in neoplastic tissue than in controlateral normal sections. By combined FISH and immunohistochemistry (immuno-FISH), male cells expressing thyroglobulin were found in tumor and normal tissues, whereas male microchimeric cells stained with the CD45 antigen were detected only in tumor sections. Microchimeric cells negative for either marker were detected both in tumor and normal tissues. Moreover, both CD45(+) and Tg(+) fetal cells did not express MHC II antigens. In conclusion, fetal microchimerism has been documented in a high proportion of women with PTC. The immuno-FISH studies indicate that CD45(+)/MHC II(-) male cells found in neoplastic tissues might be committed to destroy tumor cells, whereas Tg(+)/MHC II(-) cells could have a repair function. Finally, microchimeric cells negative for either CD45 or Tg could have "progenitor-like" properties able to transdifferentiate in different cellular types. Although a pathogenetic mechanism cannot be excluded, the whole of the present results indicates a protective role of microchimerism in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- Department of Medical Sciences and Endocrine Unit, University of Milan, Milan Italy
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20
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Finelli P, Pincelli AI, Russo S, Bonati MT, Recalcati MP, Masciadri M, Giardino D, Cavagnini F, Larizza L. Disruption of Friend of GATA 2 gene (FOG-2) by a de novo t(8;10) chromosomal translocation is associated with heart defects and gonadal dysgenesis. Clin Genet 2007; 71:195-204. [PMID: 17309641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
FOG-2 (Friend of GATA 2) is a transcriptional cofactor able to differentially regulate the expression of GATA-target genes in different promoter contexts. Mouse models evidenced that FOG-2 plays a role in congenital heart disease and normal testis development. In human, while FOG-2 mutations have been identified in sporadic cases of tetralogy of Fallot, no mutations are described to be associated with impaired gonadal function. We here describe a young boy with a balanced t(8;10)(q23.1;q21.1) translocation who was born with congenital secundum-type atrial septal defect and gonadal dysgenesis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapped the chromosome 8 translocation breakpoint (bkp) to within the IVS4 of the FOG-2 gene, whereas the chromosome 10 bkp was found to lie in a desert gene region. Quantitative analysis of FOG-2 expression revealed the presence of a truncated transcript but there was no detectable change in the expression of the genes flanking the 10q bkp, thus making it possible to assign the observed clinical phenotype to altered FOG-2 expression. Genetic and clinical analyses provide insights into the signaling pathways by which FOG-2 affects not only cardiac development but also gonadal function and its preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Finelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Russo S, Finelli P, Recalcati MP, Ferraiuolo S, Cogliati F, Dalla Bernardina B, Tibiletti MG, Agosti M, Sala M, Bonati MT, Larizza L. Molecular and genomic characterisation of cryptic chromosomal alterations leading to paternal duplication of the 11p15.5 Beckwith-Wiedemann region. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e39. [PMID: 16882733 PMCID: PMC2649021 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.038398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth disorder with increased risk of paediatric tumours. The aetiology involves epigenetic and genetic alterations affecting the 11p15 region, methylation of the differentially methylated DMR2 region being the most common defect, while less frequent aetiologies include mosaic paternal 11p uniparental disomy (11patUPD), maternally inherited mutations of the CDKN1C gene, and hypermethylation of DMR1. A few patients have cytogenetic abnormalities involving 11p15.5. METHODS Screening of 70 trios of BWS probands for 11p mosaic paternal UPD and for cryptic cytogenetic rearrangements using microsatellite segregation analysis identified a profile compatible with paternal 11p15 duplication in two patients. RESULTS Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis revealed in one case the unbalanced translocation der(21)t(11;21)(p15.4;q22.3) originated from missegregation of a cryptic paternal balanced translocation. The second patient, trisomic for D11S1318, carried a small de novo dup(11)(p15.5p15.5), resulting from unequal recombination at paternal meiosis I. The duplicated region involves only IC1 and spares IC2/LIT1, as shown by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) mapping of the proximal duplication breakpoint within the amino-terminal part of KvLQT1. CONCLUSIONS An additional patient with Wolf-Hirschorn syndrome was shown by FISH studies to carry a der(4)t(4;11)(p16.3;p15.4), contributed by a balanced translocation father. Interestingly, refined breakpoint mapping on 11p and the critical regions on the partner 21q and 4p chromosomal regions suggested that both translocations affecting 11p15.4 are mediated by segmental duplications. These findings of chromosomal rearrangements affecting 11p15.5-15.4 provide a tool to further dissect the genomics of the BWS region and the pathogenesis of this imprinting disorder.
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