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Biallelic EPCAM deletions induce tissue-specific DNA repair deficiency and cancer predisposition. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:69. [PMID: 38467830 PMCID: PMC10928233 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MMRD) caused by germline homozygous EPCAM deletion leading to tissue-specific loss of MSH2. Through the use of patient-derived cells and organoid technologies, we performed stepwise in vitro differentiation of colonic and brain organoids from reprogrammed EPCAMdel iPSC derived from patient fibroblasts. Differentiation of iPSC to epithelial-colonic organoids exhibited continuous increased EPCAM expression and hypermethylation of the MSH2 promoter. This was associated with loss of MSH2 expression, increased mutational burden, MMRD signatures and MS-indel accumulation, the hallmarks of MMRD. In contrast, maturation into brain organoids and examination of blood and fibroblasts failed to show similar processes, preserving MMR proficiency. The combined use of iPSC, organoid technologies and functional genomics analyses highlights the potential of cutting-edge cellular and molecular analysis techniques to define processes controlling tumorigenesis and uncovers a new paradigm of tissue-specific MMRD, which affects the clinical management of these patients.
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Comparison of mechanical properties and host tissue response to OviTex™ and Strattice™ surgical meshes: author reply. Hernia 2024; 28:281-282. [PMID: 37855939 PMCID: PMC10891220 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
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Molecular typing of Leptospira spp. in farmed and wild mammals reveals new host-serovar associations in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:1-9. [PMID: 37589061 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2248930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To apply molecular typing to DNA isolated from historical samples to determine Leptospira spp. infecting farmed and wild mammals in New Zealand. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA samples used in this study were extracted from urine, serum or kidney samples (or Leptospira spp. cultures isolated from them) collected between 2007 and 2017 from a range of domestic and wildlife mammalian species as part of different research projects at Massey University. Samples were included in the study if they met one of three criteria: samples that tested positive with a lipL32 PCR for pathogenic Leptospira; samples that tested negative by lipL32 PCR but were recorded as positive to PCR for pathogenic Leptospira in the previous studies; or samples that were PCR-negative in all studies but were from animals with positive agglutination titres against serogroup Tarassovi. DNA samples were typed using PCR that targeted either the glmU or gyrB genetic loci. The resulting amplicons were sequenced and typed relative to reference sequences. RESULTS We identified several associations between mammalian hosts and Leptospira strains/serovars that had not been previously reported in New Zealand. Leptospira borgpetersenii strain Pacifica was found in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) samples, L. borgpetersenii serovars Balcanica and Ballum were found in wild red deer samples, Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni was found in stoats (Mustela erminea) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), and L. borgpetersenii was found in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Furthermore, we reconfirmed previously described associations including dairy cattle with L. interrogans serovars Copenhageni and Pomona and L. borgpetersenii serovars Ballum, Hardjo type bovis and strain Pacifica, sheep with L. interrogans serovar Pomona and L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo type bovis, brushtail possum with L. borgpetersenii serovar Balcanica, farmed deer with L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo type bovis and hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) with L. borgpetersenii serovar Ballum. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an updated summary of host-Leptospira associations in New Zealand and highlights the importance of molecular typing. Furthermore, strain Pacifica, which was first identified as Tarassovi using serological methods in dairy cattle in 2016, has circulated in animal communities since at least 2007 but remained undetected as serology is unable to distinguish the different genotypes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To date, leptospirosis in New Zealand has been diagnosed with serological typing, which is deficient in typing all strains in circulation. Molecular methods are necessary to accurately type strains of Leptospira spp. infecting mammals in New Zealand.
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Plus Sutures for preventing surgical site infection: a systematic review of clinical outcomes with economic and environmental models. BMC Surg 2023; 23:300. [PMID: 37789307 PMCID: PMC10548560 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent ~ 20% of all hospital-acquired infections in surgical patients and are associated with prolonged hospital stay, admission to intensive care, and mortality. We conducted a systematic review with economic and environmental models to assess whether triclosan-coated sutures (Plus Sutures) provide benefits over non-coated sutures in the reduction of SSI risk. METHODS Searches were conducted in fifteen databases. A total of 1,991 records were retrieved. Following deduplication and screening by two independent reviewers, 31 randomized controlled trials in adults and children were included in the review. Similarity of the studies was assessed by narrative review and confirmed by quantitative assessment. A fixed effects meta-analysis of SSI incidence model including all groups of patients estimated a risk ratio of 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 0.79) indicating those in the Plus Sutures group had a 29% reduction in the risk of developing an SSI compared with those in the control group (p < 0.001). Safety outcomes were analysed qualitatively. RESULTS The economic model estimated the use of Plus Sutures to result in average cost savings of £13.63 per patient. Plus Sutures remained cost-saving in all subgroup analyses with cost-savings ranging between £11 (clean wounds) and £140 (non-clean wounds). The environmental impact of SSI is substantial, and the model suggests that the introduction of Plus Sutures could result in potential environmental benefits. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that Plus Sutures are associated with a reduced incidence of SSI across all surgery types alongside cost savings when compared with standard sutures.
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Comparison of mechanical properties and host tissue response to OviTex™ and Strattice™ surgical meshes. Hernia 2023; 27:987-997. [PMID: 37031315 PMCID: PMC10374700 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the in vitro/benchtop and in vivo mechanical properties and host biologic response to ovine rumen-derived/polymer mesh hybrid OviTex™ with porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix Strattice™ Firm. METHODS OviTex 2S Resorbable (OviTex 2S-R) and Strattice morphology were examined in vitro using histology and scanning electron microscopy; mechanical properties were assessed via tensile test; in vivo host biologic response and explant mechanics were evaluated in a rodent subcutaneous model. Separately, OviTex 1S Permanent (OviTex 1S-P) and Strattice were evaluated in a primate abdominal wall repair model. RESULTS OviTex 2S-R demonstrated layer separation, whereas Strattice retained its structural integrity and demonstrated higher maximum load than OviTex 2S-R out-of-package (124.8 ± 11.1 N/cm vs 37.9 ± 5.5 N/cm, p < 0.001), 24 h (55.7 ± 7.4 N/cm vs 5.6 ± 3.8 N/cm, p < 0.001), 48 h (45.3 ± 14.8 N/cm vs 2.8 ± 2.6 N/cm, p = 0.003), and 72 h (29.2 ± 10.5 N/cm vs 3.2 ± 3.1 N/cm, p = 0.006) following collagenase digestion. In rodents, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed between OviTex 2S-R layers, while Strattice induced a minimal inflammatory response. Strattice retained higher maximum load at 3 (46.3 ± 27.4 N/cm vs 9.5 ± 3.2 N/cm, p = 0.041) and 6 weeks (28.6 ± 14.1 N/cm vs 7.0 ± 3.0 N/cm, p = 0.029). In primates, OviTex 1S-P exhibited loss of composite mesh integrity whereas Strattice integrated into host tissue with minimal inflammation and retained higher maximum load at 1 month than OviTex 1S-P (66.8 ± 43.4 N/cm vs 9.6 ± 4.4 N/cm; p = 0.151). CONCLUSIONS Strattice retained greater mechanical strength as shown by lower susceptibility to collagenase degradation than OviTex 2S-R in vitro, as well as higher maximum load and improved host biologic response than OviTex 2S-R in rodents and OviTex 1S-P in primates.
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Towards optimal use of antithrombotic therapy of people with cancer at the end of life: A research protocol for the development and implementation of the SERENITY shared decision support tool. Thromb Res 2023; 228:54-60. [PMID: 37276718 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though antithrombotic therapy has probably little or even negative effects on the well-being of people with cancer during their last year of life, deprescribing antithrombotic therapy at the end of life is rare in practice. It is often continued until death, possibly resulting in excess bleeding, an increased disease burden and higher healthcare costs. METHODS The SERENITY consortium comprises researchers and clinicians from eight European countries with specialties in different clinical fields, epidemiology and psychology. SERENITY will use a comprehensive approach combining a realist review, flash mob research, epidemiological studies, and qualitative interviews. The results of these studies will be used in a Delphi process to reach a consensus on the optimal design of the shared decision support tool. Next, the shared decision support tool will be tested in a randomised controlled trial. A targeted implementation and dissemination plan will be developed to enable the use of the SERENITY tool across Europe, as well as its incorporation in clinical guidelines and policies. The entire project is funded by Horizon Europe. RESULTS SERENITY will develop an information-driven shared decision support tool that will facilitate treatment decisions regarding the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy in people with cancer at the end of life. CONCLUSIONS We aim to develop an intervention that guides the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy, prevents bleeding complications, and saves healthcare costs. Hopefully, usage of the tool leads to enhanced empowerment and improved quality of life and treatment satisfaction of people with advanced cancer and their care givers.
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A Health Inequalities Impact Assessment of the surveillance of COVID-19 in asymptomatic patients attending dental settings in Scotland. COMMUNITY DENTAL HEALTH 2022; 39:254-259. [PMID: 36283070 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00170burns06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A key aspect of the public health response to COVID-19 in Scotland was enhanced community surveillance, including testing in dental settings. Across Scotland, dental settings offered patients over 5-years-old the opportunity to participate in community surveillance of COVID-19. METHODS A Health Inequalities Impact Assessment (HIIA) was conducted to understand the differential impacts the programme would have on the population and to improve the accessibility of the programme. HIIA is a tool to allow the assessment, understanding, and mitigation of impacts on people of a proposed policy or practice. It fulfils an organisational duty to meet the requirements of the Equality Act and Fairer Scotland Duty. The HIIA was conducted rapidly in parallel with the programme development. An action research approach included an online workshop, consultation, review of population data and a literature search. RESULTS Adjustments were required to improve the programme's accessibility. Stakeholders, including dental teams from across Scotland were involved in the consultation and brought their front-line experience in different settings. Common issues identified included digital literacy and access, language and cultural barriers to participation, and issues relating to the implications of a positive COVID-19 result. Literature indicated limited evidence on the acceptability, accessibility, and equity of asymptomatic COVID-19 surveillance. CONCLUSION This HIIA was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. As an example of good practice in tackling inequalities in access to programmes it should represent the benchmark for other similar initiatives.
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The addition of genetic testing and cardiovascular magnetic resonance to routine clinical data for stratification of etiology in dilated cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1017119. [PMID: 36277766 PMCID: PMC9582287 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1017119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guidelines recommend genetic testing and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for the investigation of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the incremental value is unclear. We assessed the impact of these investigations in determining etiology. Methods Sixty consecutive patients referred with DCM and recruited to our hospital biobank were selected. Six independent experts determined the etiology of each phenotype in a step-wise manner based on (1) routine clinical data, (2) clinical and genetic data and (3) clinical, genetic and CMR data. They indicated their confidence (1-3) in the classification and any changes to management at each step. Results Six physicians adjudicated 60 cases. The addition of genetics and CMR resulted in 57 (15.8%) and 26 (7.2%) changes in the classification of etiology, including an increased number of genetic diagnoses and a reduction in idiopathic diagnoses. Diagnostic confidence improved at each step (p < 0.0005). The number of diagnoses made with low confidence reduced from 105 (29.2%) with routine clinical data to 71 (19.7%) following the addition of genetics and 37 (10.3%) with the addition of CMR. The addition of genetics and CMR led to 101 (28.1%) and 112 (31.1%) proposed changes to management, respectively. Interobserver variability showed moderate agreement with clinical data (κ = 0.44) which improved following the addition of genetics (κ = 0.65) and CMR (κ = 0.68). Conclusion We demonstrate that genetics and CMR, frequently changed the classification of etiology in DCM, improved confidence and interobserver variability in determining the diagnosis and had an impact on proposed management.
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Realist analysis of whether emergency departments with primary care services generate 'provider-induced demand'. BMC Emerg Med 2022; 22:155. [PMID: 36068508 PMCID: PMC9450363 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-022-00709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is not known whether emergency departments (EDs) with primary care services influence demand for non-urgent care (‘provider-induced demand’). We proposed that distinct primary care services in EDs encourages primary care demand, whereas primary care integrated within EDs may be less likely to cause additional demand. We aimed to explore this and explain contexts (C), mechanisms (M) and outcomes (O) influencing demand. Methods We used realist evaluation methodology and observed ED service delivery. Twenty-four patients and 106 staff members (including Clinical Directors and General Practitioners) were interviewed at 13 EDs in England and Wales (240 hours of observations across 30 days). Field notes from observations and interviews were analysed by creating ‘CMO’ configurations to develop and refine theories relating to drivers of demand. Results EDs with distinct primary care services were perceived to attract demand for primary care because services were visible, known or enabled direct access to health care services. Other influencing factors included patients’ experiences of accessing primary care, community care capacity, service design and population characteristics. Conclusions Patient, local-system and wider-system factors can contribute to additional demand at EDs that include primary care services. Our findings can inform service providers and policymakers in developing strategies to limit the effect of potential influences on additional demand when demand exceeds capacity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12873-022-00709-2.
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520 Skin-specific stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 knockout mice are colonized by saprophytic bacteria and fungi. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amoebic crab disease (ACD) in edible crab Cancer pagurus from the English Channel, UK. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 150:1-16. [PMID: 35796507 DOI: 10.3354/dao03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genera Paramoeba and Neoparamoeba (Amoebozoa, Dactylopodida, Paramoebidae) include well-known opportunistic pathogens associated with fish (N. peruans; amoebic gill disease), lobsters, molluscs and sea urchins, but only rarely with crabs (grey crab disease of blue crabs). Following reports of elevated post-capture mortality in edible crabs Cancer pagurus captured from a site within the English Channel fishery in the UK, a novel disease (amoebic crab disease, ACD) was detected in significant proportions of the catch. We present histopathological, transmission electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic data, showing that this disease is defined by colonization of haemolymph, connective tissues and fixed phagocytes by amoeboid cells, leading to tissue destruction and presumably death in severely diseased hosts. The pathology was strongly associated with a novel amoeba with a phylogenetic position on 18S rRNA gene trees robustly sister to Janickina pigmentifera (which groups within the current circumscription of Paramoeba/Neoparamoeba), herein described as Janickina feisti n. sp. We provide evidence that J. feisti is associated with ACD in 50% of C. pagurus sampled from the mortality event. A diversity of other paramoebid sequence types, clustering with known radiations of N. pemaquidensis and N. aestuarina and a novel N. aestuarina sequence type, was detected by PCR in most of the crabs investigated, but their detection was much less strongly associated with clinical signs of disease. The discovery of ACD in edible crabs from the UK is discussed relative to published historical health surveys for this species.
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Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e520-e531. [PMID: 35750401 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. METHODS We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). FINDINGS In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683-0·717]). INTERPRETATION In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. FUNDING British Journal of Surgery Society.
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Migraine in the emergency department: A retrospective evaluation of the characteristics of attendances in a major city hospital in the United Kingdom. CEPHALALGIA REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/25158163221084325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Detailed Emergency Department attendance data for migraine are needed for service redesign. Methods: A service evaluation was undertaken, classifying adult emergency department headache attendances using the International Classification of Headache Disorders migraine C-E criteria, evaluating attendance characteristics. Results: Migraine/Probable migraine diagnosis was documented in 58% but coded in 24% attendances by ED clinicians. 29% of patients used no analgesia before attending, 43% attended ≥4 days after onset and 19% arrived by ambulance. Conclusion: This evaluation highlights sub-optimal acute management and discrepancy between migraine coding and diagnosis contributing to underreporting. We recommend further evaluation of identified cohorts and headache proforma use.
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Caprini assessment utilization and impact on patient safety in gynecologic surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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A102 INDICATION FOR ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY AND ASSOCIATION WITH HEMORRHAGE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hemorrhage is a complication associated with up to 2% of cases of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), most commonly following sphincterotomy. Studies investigating risk factors associated with hemorrhage, such as ERCP indication, have been conflicting.
Aims
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between the indication for ERCP and ERCP-associated hemorrhage.
Methods
A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was done from inception until September 2021 for studies reporting on factors associated with ERCP-associated hemorrhage (both immediate and delayed) in adults. Exclusion criteria included: pediatric patients, no outcome of interest, did not investigate hemorrhage risk factors, inappropriate study design (basic science, reviews, and case reports/series), or if no English text was available. A DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analysis was performed to generate pooled Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for each procedural indication in relation to hemorrhage.
Results
952 records were identified of which 17 were included in our quantitative analysis. Common indications included acute cholangitis, choledocholithiasis, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and malignancy-associated duct obstruction. Rates of hemorrhage varied in the included studies (median 2.2%; IQR 1.7–6.9). Sphincterotomy rates also differed in the included studies (median 100%; IQR 71.1–100). Five studies did not report on antiplatelet or anticoagulant use with the remaining reporting varying rates of antiplatelet (median 8.3%; IQR 0–26.5) and anticoagulant (median 0.8%; IQR 0–2.25) use. Hemorrhage was significantly associated with acute cholangitis (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.62–3.78) and choledocholithiasis (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.06–2.94) but not SOD (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.74–2.58), malignancy (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.29–1.59), acute pancreatitis (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.30–3.82), or chronic pancreatitis (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.16–1.99).
Conclusions
Acute cholangitis and choledocholithiasis were associated with increased hemorrhage, whereas SOD, malignancy, acute pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis were not. Providers should consider procedural indication when counselling patients on hemorrhage risk in ERCP.
Funding Agencies
None
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Creating a Sustainable Future of Radiotherapy Following COP26: A Case for Lung Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Over Surgery? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 34:e105-e106. [PMID: 34895991 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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183 Improving Wellbeing Among UK Doctors Redeployed During Thecovid-19 Pandemic. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524497 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background In response to the COVID-19, the NHS has implemented significant workforce changes to manage the increased and changing demand on healthcare services. We aimed to investigate the impact of such changes on the wellbeing of redeployed doctors. Method We conducted a survey at three NHS trusts over 2 weeks during the peak of the pandemic, asking redeployed doctors to rate their morale, work–life balance, perceived support and safety, and to voice concerns. Results 172 redeployed doctors responded to the survey. On exploring morale, 114 (66.3%) respondents felt confident in their new role, 113 (65.7%) felt satisfied or neutral with their new role and only 54 (31.4%) felt stressed at work. 114 (66.3%) doctors felt valued by their team and 136 (79%) felt valued by the general public. 111 (64.5%) had noticed an increase in the length of breaks and 153 (89%) felt that their rotas provided sufficient respite. 95 respondents (55.2%) did not feel confident in the Public Health personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance and similarly 94 (54.7%) did not feel safe while wearing PPE. The three most common concerns were training opportunities – 105 (61%), PPE – 99 (57.6%) and family health – 95 (55.2%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that, among the doctors surveyed, morale is higher than might be expected, with doctors feeling valued, confident, and well rested in their new role. Concerns about training opportunities/career progression, PPE and family safety need to be addressed to minimise the adverse effects on doctor’s wellbeing due to redeployment.
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1373 Semi-Elective Trauma Patients Pathway and Medical Clerking Proforma, Closed Loop Audit. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Semi-elective Trauma care is a service provided by the Trauma and Orthopaedic department for patients who sustain fractures to the upper and lower limbs requiring surgical intervention, are still ambulatory and can be cared for safely at home until the date of operation.
Aim
To assess patients’ referral pathway and clerking documentation against the Standards for the Clinical Structure and Content of Patient Records, published by the RCSEng.
Method
We performed a closed loop audit on the clerking documentation and the referral pathway for these patients. We collected data retrospectively for three months, assessing the clerking documentation against the guidelines. The data was analysed and presented at our Clinical Governance meeting. We then implemented the Semi-Elective Trauma Pathway and the Medical Clerking Proforma. Afterwards, data was collected prospectively to complete the audit cycle.
Results
A sum of 181 patient were included. Before the use of our changes, only 36% of patients had a complete clerking documentation, with two cases of near misses, and no comprehensive referral pathway for these patients. Post implementation of the Pathway and the Clerking Proforma, 88% of patients had complete clerking documentation, no near misses and 95% of them went properly through the pathway we introduced.
Conclusions
These patients present an important part of any trauma list. This Audit shows that having a comprehensive referral pathway and a clerking proforma will make sure that patients will have full medical history taken and are ready for the operation on the day of surgery and decrease the number of near misses.
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1041MO 5-year update on COLUMBUS: A randomized phase III trial of encorafenib (enco) + binimetinib (bini) versus enco or vemurafenib (vem) in patients (pts) with BRAF V600-mutant melanoma. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Adaptation of the vein cuff in distal arterial anastomosis (Brighton Sock). Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:537-538. [PMID: 34192499 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Enhanced community surveillance is a key pillar of the public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Asymptomatic carriage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potentially significant source of transmission, yet remains relatively poorly understood. Disruption of dental services continues with significantly reduced capacity. Ongoing precautions include preappointment and/or at appointment COVID-19 symptom screening and use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental patients to inform community surveillance and improve understanding of risks in the dental setting. Thirty-one dental care centers across Scotland invited asymptomatic-screened patients aged over 5 y to participate. Following verbal consent and completion of sociodemographic and symptom history questionnaire, trained dental teams took a combined oropharyngeal and nasal swab sample using standardized Viral Transport Medium-containing test kits. Samples were processed by the Lighthouse Lab and patients informed of their results by SMS/email with appropriate self-isolation guidance in the event of a positive test. All positive cases were successfully followed up by the national contact tracing program. Over a 13-wk period (from August 3, 2020, to October 31, 2020), 4,032 patients, largely representative of the population, were tested. Of these, 22 (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.5%-0.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The positivity rate increased over the period, commensurate with uptick in community prevalence identified across all national testing monitoring data streams. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a COVID-19 testing survey in asymptomatic-screened patients presenting in a dental setting. The positivity rate in this patient group reflects the underlying prevalence in community at the time. These data are a salient reminder, particularly when community infection levels are rising, of the importance of appropriate ongoing infection prevention control and PPE vigilance, which is relevant as health care team fatigue increases as the pandemic continues. Dental settings are a valuable location for public health surveillance.
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421 Intrapelvic Protrusion of a Femoral Head in A Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Replacement, A Case Report. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Ceramic on ceramic bearing in Total Hip Replacement (THR) is associated with a low but evident risk of ceramic linear fracture, which can lead to catastrophic failure if not diagnosed and treated early.
Case presentation:
A 59-year-old male patient, who underwent a ceramic-on-ceramic THR 8 years ago, presented to our centre with a five-week history of right hip pain, after he suddenly twisted his upper body and felt a sharp pain in his groin. Prior to the injury he had an excellent functional level with the prosthesis.
His examination findings confirmed a reduced range of movement with pain in the groin on internal and external rotation. X-ray and CT of the hip confirmed a ceramic liner fracture with protrusion of the femoral head into the pelvis. A revision THR was subsequently performed.
Discussion
The usual pattern of liner fracture in this type of bearings is that the femoral head stays contained inside the metal cup. In our case, the ceramic femoral head uniquely fractured the liner and passed into the pelvis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case in literature where a ceramic femoral head protrudes through the metal cup into the pelvis.
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226 Management of Liver Trauma: Outcomes at One of Europe's Most Active HPB and Liver Transplant Centres. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The management of liver trauma (LT) has gradually moved away from surgery and more towards conservative or interventional radiological management. Positive outcomes depend upon careful selection for non-operative management, and to avoid surgical intervention in all grade I-III injuries unless haemodynamically unstable following resuscitation. This study investigated the management of all LT patients over a 12-month period at our institution.
Method
We undertook a retrospective study of all patients admitted with LT in 2019 (n = 60). We assessed records to determine the grade of LT (I-VI), concurrent injuries, their management, length of stay and outcomes.
Results
Of the 60 patients admitted with LT, 43 were male (72%) and 41 patients (68%) sustained injuries to multiple organs. 53/60 patients (88%) sustained injuries classified as grade 3 or below. In patients with multiple organ injuries, 7/41 (17%) underwent intervention compared to 7/12 (58%) in those with isolated LT. No deaths were recorded in patients with LT, and 6 people died in the multiple injury group (mortality 10%). Any form of intervention was associated with a doubling in average length of stay.
Conclusions
Non-operative management underpins most isolated LT care; if this fails or is associated with multiple organ traumas, morbidity and mortality rise dramatically.
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Safety of tapentadol compared with other opioids in chronic pain treatment: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled and withdrawal trials. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:89-100. [PMID: 33032466 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1832977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relative safety of oral tapentadol PR and other opioid analgesics for moderate or severe chronic pain in adults, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and randomized withdrawal trials of tapentadol with other WHO stage II and III opioid analgesics in patients with moderate or severe chronic pain. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane databases and trial registries. Feasibility assessment evaluated the trials' suitability for NMA. Outcomes assessed were overall AEs, overall serious adverse events, constipation, nausea, dizziness, somnolence, headache, and discontinuation due to AEs. Randomized withdrawal trials were analyzed separately to other RCTs. RESULTS Searches conducted in April 2019 identified 16,604 records. Following screening and feasibility assessment, 29 RCTs and 19 randomized withdrawal trials were identified and included in the NMA. Consistent with existing research, evidence from RCTs suggested that tapentadol is associated with relatively lower odds of adverse events occurring than most active comparators. The withdrawal trial data were less clear, with higher uncertainty around the results, and results that appear to contradict the RCT evidence. There are a number of trial design factors that may be affecting these results. CONCLUSIONS RCT evidence suggests that tapentadol can be a useful treatment option for patients suffering from chronic pain and in need of an opioid analgesic. Opioids should be prescribed by a qualified physician only after other analgesics have been considered, taking side effects and misuse risk into account.
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In reply: Questionnaire translation and questionnaire validation are not the same. Int J Obstet Anesth 2020; 45:166. [PMID: 33413964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Postoperative continuous non-invasive cardiac output monitoring on the ward: a feasibility study. J Clin Monit Comput 2020; 35:1349-1356. [PMID: 33094826 PMCID: PMC8542541 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-020-00601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative hypotension is common (occurring in one third of patients) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The LiDCO CNAP (continuous non-invasive arterial pressure) device measures haemodynamics but has not been widely adopted in ward environments. Improved early detection of hypotension by CNAP might guide interventions to improve clinical outcomes. We aimed to find the proportion of patients who tolerated LiDCO CNAP for 12 h postoperatively, to unmask episodes of hypotension detected by continuous monitoring and to characterise the haemodynamic profile at the time of hypotension. In this feasibility study, patients undergoing major elective surgery were continuously postoperatively monitored using CNAP. Haemodynamic data gathered from CNAP, including nSVRI (nominal systemic vascular resistance index), nSVI (nominal stroke volume index), SVV (stroke volume variation) and blood pressure, were analysed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 8. 104 patients (age (mean ± sd): 68 ± 14, male (56%)) had CNAP sited postoperatively. 39% tolerated the CNAP device for at least 12 h. Within the 104 patients a mean of 81.2 min of hypotension detected by CNAP was not detected by usual care. The proportion of low/normal/high nSVI was 71%, 27% and 2%, nSVRI was 43%, 17% and 40%, respectively. CNAP monitoring was not tolerated for 12 h in the majority of patients. There were many episodes of hypotension unmasked through continuous monitoring. Based on the advanced haemodynamic data provided it is possible that the underlying cause of a third of postoperative hypotensive episodes is vasodilation rather than hypovolaemia.Trial registry number: NCT04010058 (ClinicalTrials.gov) Date of registration: 08/07/2019.
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Combining environmental isotopes with Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) to characterise wastewater derived impacts on groundwater quality. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116036. [PMID: 32645458 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential for Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) to cause adverse impacts to groundwater quality is a major global environmental challenge. Robust and sensitive techniques are required to characterise these impacts, particularly in settings with multiple potential contaminant sources (e.g. agricultural vs. site-derived). Stable (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3 and δ13CDIC) and radioactive (3H and 14C) isotopes were used in conjunction with three Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) - carbamazepine, simazine and sulfamethoxazole - to discriminate between multiple potential contamination sources at an Australian WWTP. The radioactive isotope tritium provided a sensitive indicator of recent (post-1990s) leakage, with groundwater activities between 0.68 and 1.83 TU, suggesting WWTP infrastructure (activities between 1.65 and 2.41) acted as a recharge 'window', inputting treated or partially treated effluent to the underlying groundwater system. This was corroborated by water stable isotopes, which showed clear demarcation between δ18OH2O and δ2HH2O in background groundwater (δ18OH2O and δ2HH2O values of approximately -5 and -28‰, respectively) and those associated with on-site wastewater (median δ18OH2O and δ2HH2O values of -1.2 and -7.6‰, respectively), with groundwater down-gradient of the plant plotting on a mixing line between these values. The CECs, particularly the carbamazepine:simazine ratio, provided a means to further distinguish wastewater impacts from other sources, with groundwater down-gradient of the plant reporting elevated ratios (median of 0.98) compared to those up-gradient (median of 0.11). Distinctive CEC ratios in impacted groundwater close to the WWTP (∼3.0) and further down-gradient (2.7-9.3) are interpreted to represent a change in composition over time (i.e., recent vs. legacy contamination), consistent with the site development timeline and possible changes in effluent composition resulting from infrastructure upgrades over time. The data indicate a complex set of co-mingled plumes, reflecting different inputs (in terms of both quantity and concentration) over time. Our approach provides a means to better characterise the nature and timing of wastewater derived impacts on groundwater systems, with significant global implications for site management, potentially allowing more targeted monitoring, management and remedial actions to be undertaken.
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Random telegraph signal analysis with a recurrent neural network. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:012312. [PMID: 32794998 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.012312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We use an artificial neural network to analyze asymmetric noisy random telegraph signals, and extract underlying transition rates. We demonstrate that a long short-term memory neural network can outperform other methods, particularly for noisy signals and measurements with limited bandwidths. Our technique gives reliable results as the signal-to-noise ratio approaches one, and over a wide range of underlying transition rates. We apply our method to random telegraph signals generated by quasiparticle poisoning in a superconducting double dot, allowing us to extend our measurement of quasiparticle dynamics to new temperature regimes.
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752 Diet and the dermal white adipose tissue: Analyzing shifts in the cutaneous lipid landscape in response to dietary change. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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General Corrosion of Chromium-Coated Zirconium- and Titanium-Based Alloys in Supercritical Water at 500 °C. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND RADIATION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4045387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 300 MWel small Canadian supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR), which is a scaled-down version of the original 1200 MWel concept, has a smaller core, uses low enriched uranium fuel instead of a plutonium–thorium fuel, and features a lower (maximum) cladding temperature of 500 °C. The lower cladding temperature may permit the use of different alloys, including zirconium alloys, which had been ruled out as candidates for the Canadian SCWR, whose cladding temperature may reach 850 °C. The potential to use zirconium alloys is exciting because they have a low neutron cross section, which in turn means that fewer neutrons are lost, and the fuel can be used more efficiently. One advantage, for example,, is that the fuel cycle can be lengthened. In this paper, we report on the results of corrosion experiments used to screen zirconium- and titanium-based alloys as well as corrosion-resistant coating materials such as Cr and Al as potential candidates for fuel cladding in the small Canadian SCWR. These experiments were conducted in a refreshed autoclave in deaerated supercritical water at 500 °C and 23.5 MPa. After exposure, the weight gain was measured, and the oxide thickness and the oxide phases were examined. Of all materials, the coated and uncoated Ti-grade 2 and Ti-grade 5 alloys met our screening qualification criteria, however, Al/Cr-coated zirconium coupons showed notable improvement and will be explored further in future testing.
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Prognostic factors and quality of life after pelvic fractures. The Brabant Injury Outcome Surveillance (BIOS) study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233690. [PMID: 32525901 PMCID: PMC7289384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pelvic fractures can have long-term consequences for health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The main purpose of this study is to provide insight into short-term HRQoL in the first year after pelvic injury and to identify short-term prognostic factors of decreased outcome. Methods This is a prospective, observational, multicenter, follow-up cohort study in which HRQoL and functional outcomes were assessed during 12-month follow-up of injured adult patients admitted to 1 of 10 hospitals in the county of Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands. The data were collected by self-reported questionnaires at 1 week (including preinjury assessment) and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injury. The EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), visual analog scale (VAS), Merle d’Aubigné Hip Score (MAHS) and Majeed Pelvic Score (MPS) were used. Multivariable mixed models were used to examine the course of the HRQoL and the prognostic factors for decreased HRQoL and functional outcomes over time. Results A total of 184 patients with pelvic fractures were identified between September 2015–September 2016; the fractures included 71 Tile A, 44 Tile B and 10 Tile C fractures and 59 acetabular fractures. At the pre-injury, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injury time points, the mean EQ-5D Index values were 0.90, 0.26, 0.45, 0.66, 0.77 and 0.80, respectively, and the mean EQ-VAS values were 83, 45, 57, 69, 75 and 75, respectively. At 6 and 12 months after injury, 22 and 25% of the MPS < 65 year group, 38 and 47% of the MPS ≥ 65 year group and 34 and 51% of the MAHS group, respectively, reached the maximum score. Pre-injury score, female gender and high Injury Severity Score (ISS) were important prognostic factors for a decreased HRQoL, and the EQ-5D VAS β = 0.43 (95% CI: 0.31 − 0.57), -6.66 (95% CI: -10.90 − -0.43) and -7.09 (95% CI: -6.11 − -5.67), respectively. Discussion Patients with pelvic fractures experience a reduction in their HRQoL. Most patients do not achieve the HRQoL of their pre-injury state within 1 year after trauma. Prognostic factors for decreased HRQoL are a low pre-injury score, high ISS and female gender. We do not recommend using the MAHS and MPS in mid- or long-term follow-up of pelvic fractures because of ceiling effects. Trial registration number NCT02508675.
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Opinions and clinical practices related to diagnosing and managing functional (psychogenic) movement disorders: changes in the last decade. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:975-984. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted on a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of taurine in infant formula and milk powders. Twenty laboratories participated in the analysis of 8 blind duplicates over the range of approximately 3–60 mg/100 g sample. The method involved protein removal, conversion to the dansyl-derivative, and isocratic LC separation with UV and/or fluorescence detection. Following outlier treatment, overall mean RSDR has been estimated at 7.00% for sup. plemented products with a HORRAT value of 1.1. The poorer precision at endogenous levels establishes a lower limit of determination of about 5 mg/100 g. An overall mean RSDr:RSDR value of 0.7 for all products demonstrated acceptable performance.
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A cross-sectional evaluation of health resource use in patients with functional neurological disorders referred to both a tertiary neurology centre and a neuropsychiatry clinic. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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MA23.11 Analysis of Immune Phenotype Composition in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) Using Bulk RNA Sequencing. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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MA23.10 Low Number of Mutations and Frequent Co-Deletions of CDKN2A and IFN Type I Characterize Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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TNF-derived peptides inhibit tumour growth and metastasis through cytolytic effects on tumour lymphatics. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:198-211. [PMID: 31206614 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a multi-functional cytokine with profound and diverse effects on physiology and pathology. Identifying the molecular determinants underlying the functions and pathogenic effects of TNF is key to understanding its mechanisms of action and identifying new therapeutic opportunities based on this important molecule. Previously, we showed that some evolutionarily conserved peptides derived from TNF could induce cell death (e.g. apoptosis and/or necrosis), a feature of immune defence mechanisms shared by many vertebrates. In this study, we demonstrated that necrosis-inducing peptide P16 kills human glioblastoma cancer cells and primary human hepatoma or renal cancer cells isolated from patients who had not responded to standard treatments. Importantly, we show that the necrosis-inducing peptide P1516 significantly improves survival by inhibiting tumour metastasis in a 4T1 breast cancer syngeneic graft mouse model. Because the lymphatic system is an important metastatic route in many cancers, we also tested the effect of TNF-derived peptides on monolayers of primary human lymphatic endothelial cells (hDLEC) and found that they increased junctional permeability by inducing cytoskeletal reorganization, gap junction formation and cell death. Transmission electron microscopy imaging evidence, structural analysis and in-vitro liposome leakage experiments strongly suggest that this killing is due to the cytolytic nature of these peptides. P1516 provides another example of a pro-cytotoxic TNF peptide that probably functions as a cryptic necrotic factor released by TNF degradation. Its ability to inhibit tumour metastasis and improve survival may form the basis of a novel approach to cancer therapy.
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A275 COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS RESULT IN EARLY DETECTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IMMUNE CHECK POINT THERAPY TO IMPROVE SURVIVAL FOR PATIENTS WITH INHERITED REPLICATION REPAIR DEFICIENCY GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS:REPORT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REPLICATION REPAIR CONSORTIUM. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Concomitant IDH wild-type glioblastoma and IDH1-mutant anaplastic astrocytoma in a patient with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 44:233-239. [PMID: 29130549 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Peri-operative care pathways: re-engineering care to achieve the ‘triple aim’. Anaesthesia 2019; 74 Suppl 1:90-99. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Contaminants of Emerging Concern as novel groundwater tracers for delineating wastewater impacts in urban and peri-urban areas. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 146:118-133. [PMID: 30241045 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Management and treatment of environmental impacts from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major, worldwide, sustainability challenge. One issue associated with WWTP operation is the potential for groundwater contamination via leaking or infiltration of wastewater, particularly with inorganic nutrients (ammonia and nitrate) as well as persistent organic compounds. Despite the potential for such contamination to create environmental and health risks, conventional methods, such as the assessment of major ions, nutrients, bacteriological indicators and conventional tracers (such as stable and radiogenic isotopes) are often unable to provide accurate delineation of multiple potential sources of contamination. This is particularly important for WWTPs which often occur in urban, peri-urban or intensively farmed agricultural areas where multiple potential sources (such as livestock, fertilisers, wastewater irrigation, and domestic septic systems) may contribute similar contaminants. This review explores the applicability of promising novel groundwater tracers, such as Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) and isotopic tracers, which can be used in conjunction with conventional tracers (i.e. 'co-tracers') to provide a more definitive assessment of contaminant sources, plume delineation and even (potentially) indicating the age of contamination (e.g., recent vs. legacy). The suitability of the novel groundwater tracers is evaluated according to four key criteria: (i). sufficient presence in raw wastewater and/or treated effluents; (ii) diagnostic of WWTP impacts as opposed to other potential off-site contamination sources; (iii) persistence in the subsurface environment; and (iv) amenable to rapid and sensitive analysis. Further analysis of various classes of CECs along with improved detection limits associated with improvements in analytical methodologies should allow for future application of promising groundwater tracers, providing WWTP operators and regulatory authorities a more definitive toolbox with which to assess groundwater contamination associated with site operations. These include: persistent pharmaceuticals and personal care products (carbamazepine, crotamiton, primidone, atenolol and sulfamethoxazole), artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, sucralose, saccharin and cyclamate) and potentially, certain pesticides (atrazine and simazine).
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Strengthening public health institutes: an assessment of workforce requirements in Serbia. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky218.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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P2.15-21 Post Resection Lung Cancer Surveillance: Comparisons of Practice Between STS, ESTS and JACS Members. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prior fragility fracture and risk of incident ischaemic cardiovascular events: results from UK Biobank. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1321-1328. [PMID: 29479646 PMCID: PMC6015763 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the large UK Biobank population-based cohort, we found that amongst men, but not women, prior fragility fracture was associated with increased risk of admission with ischaemic heart disease. INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the relationship between prior fracture and risk of incident ischaemic cardiovascular events in a UK population-based cohort. METHODS UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort comprising 502,637 men and women aged 40-69 years, with detailed baseline assessment. History of fracture was self-reported, and details of hospital admissions for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (ICD-10:I20-I25) were obtained through linkage to UK Hospital Episode Statistics. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the prospective relationships between prior fracture and hospital admission for men and women, controlling for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol, educational level, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, calcium and vitamin D use, ankle spacing-width, heel BUA and HRT use (women). RESULTS Amongst men, a fragility fracture (hip, spine, wrist or arm fracture resulting from a simple fall) within the previous 5 years was associated with a 35% increased risk of IHD admission (fully adjusted HR 1.35; 95%CI 1.00, 1.82; p = 0.047), with the relationship predominantly driven by wrist fractures. Associations with hospitalisation for angina in men were similar in age-adjusted models [HR1.54; 95%CI: 1.03, 2.30), p = 0.037], but did not remain statistical significant after full adjustment [HR 1.64; 95%CI: 0.88, 3.07); p = 0.121]. HRs for admission with angina were lower in women, and neither age- nor fully adjusted relationships attained statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Prior fragility fracture is an independent risk factor for incident ischaemic cardiovascular events in men. Further work may clarify whether this association is causal or represents shared risk factors, but these findings are likely to be of value in risk assessment of both osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Improving neurophysiological biomarkers for functional myoclonic movements. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 51:3-8. [PMID: 29653908 PMCID: PMC6022215 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Differentiating between functional jerks (FJ) and organic myoclonus can be challenging. At present, the only advanced diagnostic biomarker to support FJ is the Bereitschaftspotential (BP). However, its sensitivity is limited and its evaluation subjective. Recently, event related desynchronisation in the broad beta range (13–45 Hz) prior to functional generalised axial (propriospinal) myoclonus was reported as a possible complementary diagnostic marker for FJ. Here we study the value of ERD together with a quantified BP in clinical practice. Methods Twenty-nine patients with FJ and 16 patients with cortical myoclonus (CM) were included. Jerk-locked back-averaging for determination of the ‘classical’ and quantified BP, and time-frequency decomposition for the event related desynchronisation (ERD) were performed. Diagnostic gain, sensitivity and specificity were obtained for individual and combined techniques. Results We detected a classical BP in 14/29, a quantitative BP in 15/29 and an ERD in 18/29 patients. At group level we demonstrate that ERD in the broad beta band preceding a jerk has significantly higher amplitude in FJ compared to CM (respectively −0.14 ± 0.13 and +0.04 ± 0.09 (p < 0.001)). Adding ERD to the classical BP achieved an additional diagnostic gain of 53%. Furthermore, when combining ERD with quantified and classical BP, an additional diagnostic gain of 71% was achieved without loss of specificity. Conclusion Based on the current findings we propose to the use of combined beta ERD assessment and quantitative BP analyses in patients with a clinical suspicion for all types of FJ with a negative classical BP. Differentiating between functional jerks and organic myoclonus is often difficult. The sensitivity of a positive bereitschaftspotential for diagnosing FJ is low. FJ are preceded by event related desynchronisation (ERD) in the beta band. Combining beta ERD and BP improves diagnosing FJ. The ERD method is of special relevance in possible FJ patients with a negative BP.
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OA 04.06 Surgeon Practices for Post Resection Lung Cancer Surveillance: Comparisons of STS and ESTS Members. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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61Prevalence and spectrum of genetic variants in a single-centre cohort of Brugada syndrome. Europace 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux283.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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P30: CLINICAL VALIDATION OF A COMPONENT-BASED MULTI-PARAMETER LINE BLOT TEST FOR PEANUT ALLERGY. Intern Med J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.30_13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Country-specific effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honey bees and wild bees. Science 2017; 356:1393-1395. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid seed dressings have caused concern world-wide. We use large field experiments to assess the effects of neonicotinoid-treated crops on three bee species across three countries (Hungary, Germany, and the United Kingdom). Winter-sown oilseed rape was grown commercially with either seed coatings containing neonicotinoids (clothianidin or thiamethoxam) or no seed treatment (control). For honey bees, we found both negative (Hungary and United Kingdom) and positive (Germany) effects during crop flowering. In Hungary, negative effects on honey bees (associated with clothianidin) persisted over winter and resulted in smaller colonies in the following spring (24% declines). In wild bees (Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis), reproduction was negatively correlated with neonicotinoid residues. These findings point to neonicotinoids causing a reduced capacity of bee species to establish new populations in the year following exposure.
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Accuracy of clinical coding for febrile seizures and implications for activity-based funding. Intern Med J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.11_13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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