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Pohl S, Djediat A, Van der Linden J, Closon C, Galletta M. Work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and OCB-civic virtue among nurses: a multilevel analysis of emotional supervisor support. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249615. [PMID: 37954182 PMCID: PMC10637374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigates the moderating role of supervisor emotional support at the group level on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and work engagement with organizational citizenship behavior-civic virtue (OCB-civic virtue) at the individual level among nurses. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out on 558 nurses nested in 36 working units from two hospitals in Algiers. A multilevel analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modeling was performed. Results Results show that the positive effect of work engagement on OCB-civic virtue was moderated by supervisor emotional support at group level. The nurses emotional exhaustion and OCB-civic virtue negative relationship at the individual level is buffered by supervisor emotional support at group level. Discussion In consequence, supervisor emotional support experienced by the team has an influence on the emotional exhaustion and work engagement OCB-civic virtue relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pohl
- Department Work and Consumption Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdel Djediat
- Department Work and Consumption Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Van der Linden
- Department Work and Consumption Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Closon
- Department Work and Consumption Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
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2
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Dal Santo L, Longhini J, Andela M, Battistelli A, Galletta M. Emotional labor as emotional regulation: Italian adaptation and longitudinal validation of the scale among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 66:103516. [PMID: 36459875 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study is to perform a longitudinal Italian validation of the scale and to adapt it to the nursing education contest. BACKGROUND Research on emotional labor has shown that the roles played by surface acting and deep acting are still uncertain. To overcome this gap, scholars suggest observing emotional labor through the lens of the emotional regulation theory. Andela and her colleagues developed a fine grained instrument, which differentiates attentional deployment, cognitive re-evaluation and expressive suppression, emotional amplification and emotional dissonance. DESIGN To fulfill our aim, a longitudinal study was performed in an Italian University. METHOD The adapted scale was administered to 168 nursing students across the three years of attendance in the course. RESULTS Our results confirm the five-factor structure, and the instrument shows good psychometrical properties. CONCLUSION Having shown satisfactory psychometric properties, this scale can be considered a useful instrument to assess those emotional elements of clinical practice, which are important for the assurance of education quality to the under graduated nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Dal Santo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marie Andela
- Laboratoire de psychologie, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon Cedex, France
| | | | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Vallone F, Cattaneo Della Volta MF, Mayor Silva LI, Monroy AM, Galletta M, Curcio F, Zurlo MC. The COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire: Validation in Spanish
university students from health sciences. Health Psychol Open 2022; 9:20551029221135293. [PMCID: PMC9647230 DOI: 10.1177/20551029221135293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Student Stress
Questionnaire (CSSQ), a 7-item tool assessing COVID-19-related stressors among
university students, namely, Relationships and Academic Life, Isolation, and
Fear of Contagion. Participants were 331 Spanish university students. Factor
analyses sustained the three factor solution of the original tool. Data also
revealed satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity, suitable internal
consistency, and significant associations with psychological symptoms, as
measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The Spanish version of the CSSQ
represents a valid tool to be used in clinical settings to timely identify
students at high psychological risk and to develop evidence-based interventions
during/after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vallone
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy,Dynamic Psychology Laboratory,
Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy,Federica Vallone, Department of Humanities,
University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, Naples 80133, Italy.
| | - Maria Francesca Cattaneo Della Volta
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy,Dynamic Psychology Laboratory,
Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy
| | | | | | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Felice Curcio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and
Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory,
Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico
II, Italy
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Galletta M, Piazza MF, Meloni SL, Chessa E, Piras I, Arnetz JE, D’Aloja E. Patient Involvement in Shared Decision-Making: Do Patients Rate Physicians and Nurses Differently? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14229. [PMID: 36361109 PMCID: PMC9656720 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared decision-making implies that patients and healthcare professionals make decisions together about clinical exams, available treatments, choice of options, and the benefit or downside of every choice. Patients involved in the shared decision-making process are more compliant with treatments and have a reduced risk of complications related to the pathology. In Italy, patient involvement in caring processes is still barely investigated. AIM To investigate patients' perceptions about shared decision-making with physicians and nurses, respectively, and to examine the relationship between shared decision-making and patient satisfaction and perceived quality of care/treatment. METHODS The study was performed between March and June 2019 in two wards of one Italian hospital. A questionnaire was administered to inpatients at the time of admission and again at discharge, including demographic information and measurement scales regarding patient involvement in shared decision-making, patient satisfaction, and perceived quality of treatment/care. RESULTS A total of 151 out of 301 patients completed questionnaires at both admission and discharge. Patients' scores for shared decision-making (information, patient needs, treatment planning) were significantly different for physicians and nurses. At both admission and discharge, patients rated shared decision-making significantly higher for physicians compared to nurses, while there were no differences in their satisfaction ratings. Patient ratings of physicians did not change from admission (information: mean (M) = 3.50, standard deviation (SD) = 0.81; patient need: M = 3.05, SD = 1.05; treatment planning: M = 2.75, SD = 1.23) to discharge (information: M = 3.50, SD = 0.79; patient need: M = 3.17, SD = 1.02; treatment planning: M = 2.66, SD = 1.23) (p = 0.924, p = 0.098, p = 0.293, respectively), but patients' ratings of nurses' behavior increased significantly from admission (information: M = 2.44, SD = 1.23; patient need: M = 2.27, SD = 1.17; treatment planning: M = 2.12, SD = 1.19) to discharge (information: M = 2.62, SD = 1.22; patient need: M = 2.53, SD = 1.24; treatment planning: M = 2.35, SD = 1.21) (p = 0.019, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Attention to patients' needs was the key determinant of both satisfaction with nurses (OR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.31-10.14, p = 0.013) and perceived quality of care (OR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.49-10.55, p = 0.006). Providing appropriate information about disease progress and treatments was a key determinant of both satisfaction with physicians (OR = 19.75, 95% CI = 7.29-53.55, p < 0.001) and perceived quality of treatment (OR = 8.03, 95% CI = 3.25-19.81, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Nurses should be sensitized to involving patients in the decision-making process, especially upon hospital admission. Specific training about effective communication techniques can be implemented to manage relationships with patients in different caring situations. Practical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Luisa Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elsa Chessa
- Intensive Care Unit, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Piras
- Emergency Department, SS. Trinità Hospital, ASL Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Judith E. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ernesto D’Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
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Sanna F, Galletta M, Koelen M, Contu P. Development of Sense of Coherence Stability in the AGORA Healthy Ageing Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14190. [PMID: 36361070 PMCID: PMC9657695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sense of coherence (SOC) is a psycho-social trait formed in childhood or adolescence, allowing individuals to be more resilient to daily life stressors, stay well, and improve their personal health. Although SOC remains stable after the age of thirty, only a few studies investigated its stability in adulthood. The aim was to investigate the development of SOC over time in 489 participants and its association with age, gender, educational level, or negative life events. The study was performed as part of the Healthy Ageing project of the Academic Collaborative Centre AGORA, a longitudinal study involving four municipalities of Eastern Netherlands. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to monitor the SOC of the elderly in 2008, 2010, and 2013, using the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-13). The analysis included repeated-measures ANOVA analysis and bivariate analysis using Pearson's chi square test. We found no statistically significant variation in SOC over time (F (2, 282) = 2.99, p = 0.052) and no significant association with age (F (2, 282) = 2.851, p = 0.06), gender (F (2, 282) = 0.845, p = 0.43), or educational level (F (2, 282) = 0.708, p = 0.49). SOC remained stable in the elderly population, even if they experienced negative events over their lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sanna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Blocco I, SS 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Blocco I, SS 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Koelen
- Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Blocco I, SS 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Velluzzi F, Pisanu S, Galletta M, Fosci M, Secci G, Deledda A, Boi F, Rodia R, Fanciulli G, Delitala AP, Sainas G, Loviselli A. Association between High Normal TSH Levels and Obesity in Women with Anti-Thyroid Autoantibodies (ATAs). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175125. [PMID: 36079055 PMCID: PMC9457091 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A positive correlation between Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Body Mass Index (BMI) has been reported in many studies, but data on this topic remain controversial, especially when TSH values are in the normal range. Moreover, few studies have evaluated the co-existence of thyroid autoimmunity. This study investigated the role of thyroid autoimmunity in the interconnection between TSH, BMI, and waist circumference (WC) in euthyroid patients with overweight or obesity. We enrolled 902 patients (213 males; mean age ± SD: 45 ± 14 years; mean BMI ± SD: 35.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2), with normal serum TSH concentration; anti-thyroid autoantibodies (ATAs) were evaluated in 752 patients (186 males). Patients were divided into four BMI classes, based on WHO criteria, and the relationship between BMI, WC, and TSH was evaluated in the whole sample and compared to ATAs positivity, observed in 235 patients (44 males). No significant difference was found between TSH levels in the BMI classes. A statistically significant correlation between TSH and BMI was found only in ATAs-positive females (N = 191, Spearman rho: 0.149; p-value: 0.040). However, this finding was not confirmed when considering the WC. Our study shows a positive correlation only between TSH and BMI in obese women with positive ATAs, suggesting that in these patients, the high normal levels of TSH could be attributed to a mild thyroid failure with a possible worsening obesity-related effect, and both need a careful evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Velluzzi
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Pisanu
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Hygiene Section, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Fosci
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianni Secci
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Boi
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rossella Rodia
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fanciulli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari-Endocrine Unit, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmerio Delitala
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari-Endocrine Unit, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Sainas
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Loviselli
- Endocrinology, and Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Martínez-Riera JR, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Zambrano Bermeo RN, Curcio F, González Correa JA, Estrada González C, Melo P, Galletta M. Educational Strategies to Promote Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9841. [PMID: 36011482 PMCID: PMC9407903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Educational material is a key strategy for primary health care promotion. PURPOSE To design and validate educational material adapted to the population and aimed to increase knowledge about adherence to the treatment of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. METHODOLOGY Methodological study for the design of educational material for people with diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. For the design, content validity tests were carried out, with the participation of six experts in health education and six patients with chronic diseases. Validation was performed pursuant to the attraction, understanding, engagement, and acceptance criteria. RESULTS The validation confirmed that all items and criteria were above the minimal expected range. CONCLUSION The design and validation of educational material provide elements that improve the education of patients about their pathologies and their adherence to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramon Martínez-Riera
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez
- Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Program, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Sede Sabanas, Valledupar 200002, Colombia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di 8 Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Felice Curcio
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari (UNISS), Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Catalina Estrada González
- School of Health, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 4102, Colombia
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Universidad Libre de Colombia Cali, Cali 4102, Colombia
| | - Pedro Melo
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di 8 Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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Piras I, Piazza MF, Piccolo C, Azara A, Piana A, Finco G, Galletta M. Experiences, Emotions, and Health Consequences among COVID-19 Survivors after Intensive Care Unit Hospitalization. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19106263. [PMID: 35627801 PMCID: PMC9141708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Literature suggested that COVID-19 patients experienced hospitalization as a physically and psychologically stressful event, with the risk to develop post-traumatic stress symptoms. The study aimed to understand psychological experiences of COVID-19 survivors with severe complications during and after ICU hospitalization, and any relevant health consequences. From October 2020 to January 2021, a qualitative study was conducted in Italy via semi-structured interviews by phone or video call addressed to COVID-19 survivors, randomly enrolled among people who released their stories publicly on newspapers, television, or social media. Fifteen individuals (three women and twelve men with average age of 56.4 years) were interviewed. Four main themes emerged: (i) emotion of fear; (ii) isolation and loneliness; (iii) unawareness about the gravity of the situation as a protective factor; (iv) “Long COVID” as consequences of the disease on physical and psychological health. During hospitalization, 66.7% of participants had mild or moderate values of anxiety and depression. After discharge, 86.7% moved to normal values. The results suggest that long-COVID is an important problem to manage to improve patients’ quality of life. It is essential to guarantee a holistic take in charge starting before the discharge and continuing care after discharge in the community where they live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, PhD School in Biomedical Sciences (Public Health), University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, ASL Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-079228638
| | | | - Cristina Piccolo
- Intensive Care Unit SS. Trinità Hospital, ASL Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Azara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Intensive Care Unit Policlinico Universitario, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
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9
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Portoghese I, Galletta M, Campagna M. The impact of death of COVID-19 patients on mental health of healthcare workers: a latent profile analysis of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Saf Health Work 2022. [PMCID: PMC8817363 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Suarez-Albor CL, Galletta M, Gómez-Bustamante EM. Factors associated with eating disorders in adolescents: a systematic review. Acta Biomed 2022; 93:e2022253. [PMID: 35775752 PMCID: PMC9335430 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i3.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: The World Health Organization has placed eating disorders among the priority mental illnesses for children and adolescents given the risk they imply for their health. Recognizing the risk factors associated with this problem can serve as the basis for the design of timely and effective interventions. The objective of the study was to identify the factors associated with eating behavior in adolescents through a systematic review. Methods: Systematic review. Search of the literature in the bibliographic sources CINAHL, CUIDEN, Pubmed, Dialnet, SCIELO and Science Direct. The search was conducted in October and November 2020. The search terms were Eating Disorders, Food Intake, and Adolescents. The evaluation of the methodological quality was carried out using a specific guide for observational epidemiological studies. A narrative synthesis of the findings was made. Additionally, the vote counting and sign test technique was applied. Results: 25 studies were selected. The associated factors were body dissatisfaction, female gender, depression, low self-esteem, higher BMI that increases the risk of eating disorders. Conclusions: a high impact of psychological factors was observed. These should be considered in the design of effective interventions to prevent this disease, although the search needs to be broadened to identify larger and more complex studies that allow for a more comprehensive review. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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11
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Piras I, Minafra F, Tusconi M, Piras G, Portoghese I, Azara A, Piana A, Contu P, Galletta M. A qualitative study on the consequences of workplace violence in psychiatric settings. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Violence against health care workers in psychiatric settings presents worrying data in the literature. Violence effects for healthcare professionals and organizations are absence from work for injury or illness, decreased job satisfaction and lower quality of work. The aim of the study was to identify the consequences of violence on health, work habits and performance of nurses who work with psychiatric patients.
Methods
The study was carried out by using a semi-structured interview with 12 nurses from different hospital and territorial psychiatric settings in Southern Italy. The interviews were conducted from July to October 2020 by telephone and recorded with the consent of the participants. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed.
Results
The data show that 91.7% of the interviewees were assaulted by patients. Eight nurses (66.7%) were aggressed several times and six (50%) suffered physical violence. The narratives revealed that patients mainly suffered from drug addiction and that half of them were on pharmacological treatment. Nurses reported feelings of anger, helplessness, fear and frustration; five nurses experienced health consequences, including low mood, anxiety, stress and nervousness. Some of them described pain from physical injuries and permanent effects caused by the assault. An attacked nurse has been absent from work for injury. The aggressions resulted in a change of nurses' work habits and performances; they were more careful after the aggression and modified their approach to the patient. Some of them developed skills and strategies to protect themselves and avoid aggression, others developed greater faith in the efficacy of the prescribed drug. However, the events also caused job dissatisfaction.
Conclusions
Aggression has a negative impact on nurses' health and work performance. Healthcare organizations should take into account the self-protection strategies identified by professionals and support them to prevent violence.
Key messages
Violence at work compromises nurses' health and work performance in psychiatric settings. Safer work settings could improve nurses' job satisfaction and the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Piras
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Minafra
- University Degree in Nursing, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Tusconi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - G Piras
- Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - I Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - A Azara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - P Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - M Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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12
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Galletta M, Piras I, Finco G, Meloni F, D'Aloja E, Contu P, Campagna M, Portoghese I. Worries, Preparedness, and Perceived Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Nurses' Mental Health. Front Public Health 2021; 9:566700. [PMID: 34123979 PMCID: PMC8187773 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.566700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In times of global public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses stand at the front line, working in close contact with infected individuals. Being actively engaged in fighting against COVID-19 exposes nurses to a high risk of being infected but can also have a serious impact on their mental health, as they are faced with excessive workload and emotional burden in many front-line operating contexts. Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze how risk factors such as perceived impact, preparedness to the pandemic, and worries were associated with mental health outcomes (crying, rumination and stress) in nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was performed via an online questionnaire survey. Participants included 894 registered nurses from Italy. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Multiple binary logistic regression was carried out to analyze the relationship between risk factors and health outcomes. Results: Increased job stress was related to higher levels of rumination about the pandemic (OR = 4.04, p < 0.001), job demand (OR = 2.00, p < 0.001), impact on job role (OR = 2.56, p < 0.001), watching coworkers crying at work (OR = 1.50, p < 0.05), non-work-related concerns (OR = 2.28, p < 0.001), and fear of getting infected (OR = 2.05, p < 0.001). Job stress (OR = 2.52, p < 0.01), rumination (OR = 2.28, p < 0.001), and watching colleagues crying (OR = 7.92, p < 0.001) were associated with crying at work. Rumination was associated with caring for patients who died of COVID-19 (OR = 1.54, p < 0.05), job demand (OR = 1.70, p < 0.01), watching colleagues crying (OR = 1.81, p < 0.001), non-work-related worries (OR = 1.57, p < 0.05), and fear of getting infected (OR = 2.02, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The psychological impact that this pandemic may cause in the medium/long term could be greater than the economical one. This is the main challenge that health organizations will have to face in the future. This study highlights that the perceived impact and worries about the pandemic affect nurses' mental health and can impact on their overall effectiveness during the pandemic. Measures to enhance nurses' protection and to lessen the risk of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress should be planned promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Piras
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences (Public Health), University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto D'Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Portoghese I, Meloni F, Galletta M, Piras I, D'Aloja E, Finco G, Campagna M. Concerns, Perceived Impact, Preparedness in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic and Health Outcomes among Italian Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211000245. [PMID: 33733901 PMCID: PMC7983480 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers (HCWs) are among the professionals at serious risk for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental health. In this sense, the next public health challenge globally will be to preserving healthy HCWs during this pandemic. AIM The present study has the aim of investigating the relationship among concerns, perceived impact, preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health of Italian physicians. METHODS From March 29th to April 15th 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques through Limesurvey platform. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple binary logistic regressions. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for perceived job stress were concerns about catching COVID-19 (OR = 3.18 [95% CI = 2.00-5.05] P < .001), perceived impact on job demands (OR = 1.63 [95% CI = 1.05-2.52] P < .05), perceived impact on job role (OR = 2.50 [95% CI = 1.60-3.90] P < .001), and non-working concerns (OR = 1.86 [95% CI = 1.15-3.03] P < .05). With respect to the risk factors for rumination about the pandemic emerged concerns about catching COVID-19 (OR 1.74, [95% CI = 1.12-2.71] P < .05), perceived impact on job role (OR = 1.68 [95% CI = 1.12-2.52] P < .05), and impact on personal life (OR = 2.04 [95% CI = 1.08-3.86] P < .05). Finally, the risk factors for crying at work were perceived impact on job role (OR = 2.47, [95% CI = 1.20-5.09] P < .05), rumination about the pandemic (OR = 3.027 [95% CI = 1.27-7.19] P < .01), watching colleagues crying at work (OR = 3.82 [95% CI = 1.88-7.77] P < .01), and perceived job stress (OR = 3.53 [95% CI = 1.24-10.07] P < .05). CONCLUSION In general, our results highlighted that being concerned about being infected/infecting other people, carrying out new and unusual tasks, and witnessing colleagues crying at work were important risk factors for physicians' well-being. Additional data are necessary to advance understanding of these risk factors in a long-term perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maura Galletta
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Ilenia Piras
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (Ca), Italy.,University of Sassari, Sassari (SS), Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Finco
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
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Portoghese I, Galletta M, Meloni F, Piras I, Finco G, D'Aloja E, Campagna M. Dealing With COVID-19 Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model of Exposure to Patients' Death and Mental Health of Italian Health Care Workers. Front Psychol 2021; 12:622415. [PMID: 33716888 PMCID: PMC7943721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.622415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is asking health care workers (HCWs) to meet extraordinary challenges. In turn, HCWs were experiencing tremendous psycho-social crisis as they have had to deal with unexpected emotional requirements (ERs) arising from caring for suffering and dying patients on a daily basis. In that context, recent studies have highlighted how HCWs working during the COVID-19 outbreak manifested extreme emotional and behavioral reactions that may have impacted their mental health, increasing the risk for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate post-traumatic stress symptoms, such as intrusion symptoms, as a potential mediator of the link between ERs and crying at work, and whether rumination moderates the relationship between ERs and intrusion-based PTS symptoms among HCWs who have had to deal with patients dying from COVID-19. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was performed. A total of 543 Italian HCWs (physicians and nurses) participated in the study. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. We used the SPSS version of bootstrap-based PROCESS macro for testing the moderated mediation model. Results: ERs had an indirect effect on crying at work through the mediating role of intrusion symptoms. Results from the moderated mediation model showed that rumination moderated the indirect effect of ERs on crying at work via intrusion symptoms, and this effect was significant only for high rumination. Furthermore, when we tested for an alternative model where rumination moderates the direct effect of ERs on crying at work, this moderation was not significant. Conclusions: As the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, there is an urgent need for decision-makers to rapidly implement interventions aimed at offering timely psychological support to HCWs, especially in those contexts where the risk of emotional labor associated to patients dying from COVID-19 is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Piras
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences (Public Health), University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto D'Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Melis P, Galletta M, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Contu P, Jimenez Herrera MF. Experiencing communication related to knowing the cancer diagnosis and prognosis: A multi-perspective interpretative phenomenological study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 51:101904. [PMID: 33578333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the phenomenon of communication related to knowing the diagnosis and prognosis, by exploring the perspectives of patients with advanced cancer and those of their caregivers, physicians and nurses. METHODS Drawing upon a multi-perspective design, a total of 27 semi-structured interviews involving four different groups of stakeholders (7 patients, 7 caregivers, 6 physicians, and 7 nurses) -who were linked by a carer-cared relationship-were conducted in two Oncology Departments of two Italian hospitals. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to interpret the participants' narratives. RESULTS Two overarching themes were identified: The first theme "the «what is it?» and the «what will happen to me?»" illustrates the two different paths of communication of diagnosis and prognosis. The second theme "Matching and mismatching in identifying the others as speakers" shows that not each of the four parties recognizes the others as reciprocal speakers on topics related to diagnosis and prognosis, although all of them display reciprocal communication interactions. CONCLUSIONS Communication related to diagnosis and prognosis is often handled by health professionals without a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the communication approach. There is a correspondence between the nurses' perception of their extraneousness to the diagnosis and the prognosis related communication, and the descriptions and perceptions of the nurse's role reported by the other participants. Understanding how the different groups of stakeholders reciprocally interact and influence each other, can help to identify potential positive resources and detect hindrance in the implementation of an effective patient-centered approach, while avoiding silo cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Melis
- Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
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16
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Sardo S, Galletta M, Coni E, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Piras I, Pia G, Evangelista M, Musu M, Finco G. Nurses' Behavior Regarding Pain Treatment in an Emergency Department: A Single-Center Observational Study. J Pain Res 2020; 13:2355-2359. [PMID: 33061550 PMCID: PMC7519805 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s266087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this prospective study was to assess the behavior of emergency department (ED) nurses with regard to pain and their role in pain management in a real-life clinical setting. Methods A total of 509 consecutive patients were enrolled during a 6-week period. A case-report form was used to collect data on nurses’ approaches to pain, time to analgesia provision, and patient-perceived quality of analgesia. Results Triage nurses actively inquired about pain in almost every case, but they did not estimate pain intensity in a third of patients. In the majority of cases, triage nurses did not report pain-related findings to the physician, who was the only professional that could prescribe analgesia to patients. The assignment of the color-coding of triage by nurses appears to be related to the perceived severity of the clinical case and a more comprehensive evaluation of pain. More than half of patients were at least fairly satisfied with analgesia. Conclusion Pain is increasingly screened during triage, but its comprehensive assessment and management still lack systematic application. We believe that further education and implementation of analgesia protocols may empower nurses to manage ED patients’ pain more effectively and in a more timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sardo
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Erica Coni
- RN-BC, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Giorgio Pia
- ATS Sardegna, ASSL Cagliari SS, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Evangelista
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cattolica University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Musu
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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17
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Piras I, Piras G, Portoghese I, Azara A, Piana A, Contu P, Galletta M. Study of submerged cases of violence on healthcare workers in an emergency department. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Violence at work has negative effects on both workers and organizations. Among healthcare workers, nurses are the professionals most at risk, especially those who work in emergency departments. However, literature data are estimated to be the tip of the iceberg. The study aims at analyze violence events that are not reported by professionals via common reporting system, in order to measure the real extent of the problem and allow the organizations introducing adequate prevention measures.
Methods
The study took place in November 2016 in an emergency department in Southern Italy. A retrospective analysis was carried out by reviewing both the delivery registers (DR) used by nurses and doctors during the service, and the reports of security guards (RSG), in the period between 2011 and 2015.
Results
The results show that violence frequency was higher than that present in the risk management reporting (only one case). In the DR, 40 violence events were reported, yet in the RSG, 109 cases were registered. More nurses (n = 33) than doctors (n = 8) reported violence events in the DR. In the RSG, guards reported the same number of cases involving nurses, and 26 cases for doctors. In 50 cases, the professional involved was not specified. The violence type was physical (5 DR vs 13 RSG), physical threats or attempted violence (4 DR vs 13 RSG), and verbal (24 DR vs 67 RSG). Weapons (e.g., knife, hammer, syringe) were used in 2 cases as reported in DR and in 4 cases according to RSG. The aggressor was mainly the patient (15 DR vs 83 RSG) and the companion (14 DR vs 16 RSG). The shifts with more frequency of events are afternoon (15 DR vs 40 RSG) and night (12 DR vs 48 RSG).
Conclusions
The data show an amount of submerged cases and highlight a discrepancy between report of professionals and violence events where security guards intervened.
Key messages
Under-reporting violence cases require attention by the organizations. Prevention and protection strategies must be implemented. The use of the reporting system must be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Piras
- Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Piras
- Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza Sardegna, AREUS, Cagliari, Italy
| | - I Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Azara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - P Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the University Stress Scale (USS) among Italian medical students. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional observational study based on data from an online cross-sectional survey from 11 to 23 December 2018. A total of 1858 Italian medical students participated in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES We measured perceived stress among medical students using the USS, the Effort-Reward Imbalance Student Questionnaire (ERI-SQ) and the Kessler-10 (K10). RESULTS Results showed that a bifactor-Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling solution provided excellent levels of fit to the data. Our results suggest that the modified version of 19 items of the Italian version of the USS does not have a simple unidimensional structure. Overall, an inspection of ancillary indices (omega indices, ECV and percentage of uncontaminated correlations) revealed that these were too low to suggest the use of the USS as a composite measure of university stress. We tested an alternative unidimensional short form (eight items; USS-S) that assessed all the five sources of stress. This version provided a good fit to the data. Evidence of convergent validity of the USS-S was observed by analysing the correlations between the USS and ERI-SQ (ranging from -0.34 to 0.37, all p<0.01). Finally, based on the clinical cut-off recommended on the K10, results from receiver operating characteristic showed that considering the clinical cut-off of the USS is 7.5 and that 59.70% of medical students reported stress levels in the clinical range. CONCLUSION Finally, our results showed a lack of support for using the USS to measure a general university stress factor, as the general USS factor accounted for little variance in our sample. In this sense, stress scores among Italian students can be better assessed by the use of the USS-S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Fabio Porru
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Piras I, Murenu G, Piras G, Pia G, Azara A, Piana A, Galletta M. Comparison of fall risk assessment scales in the triage of an Italian emergency department. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Falls in hospital are adverse events with serious consequences for the patient. Fall risk assessment requires easy tools that are suitable for the specific clinical context. This is important to quickly identify preventing measures. The aim of the study is to identify an appropriate scale for assessing fall risk in patients from an emergency department.
Methods
For the fall risk assessment in the emergency department, three scales were identified in literature: Kinder 1, MEDFRAT, and Morse. MEDFRAT and Morse classify the patient in high, moderate, and low risk; Kinder 1 split patients “at risk” (also when there is only one positive item) and “non-risk” (in which all items are negative). The study was carried out in July 2019 in an Italian emergency department. Patients who arrived in triage were assessed for the fall risk using the three scales.
Results
On a sample of 318 patients, the used scales show different levels of fall risk. For Kinder 1, 83.02% is at risk and 16.98% is not at risk; for MEDFRAT, 14.78% is at high risk, 15.09% moderate, and 70.13% low risk; for Morse, 8.81% is at high risk, 35.53% moderate, and 56.66% low risk. As Kinder 1 implies as “high risk” that all items of the questionnaire are positive, to compare Kinder 1 to the other scales with three measurements, we assumed only one positive response as “moderate risk”, all negative responses as “low risk”. Thus, Kinder 1 shows no cases at high risk, 83.02% moderate risk, and 16.98% low risk. All the scales show that the moderate-high risk increases with age. MEDFRAT and Morse have concordant percentages for young (13.6%), elderly (61.2%), and long-lived (66.6%) people. Kinder 1, 59%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively.
Conclusions
The comparison between scales shows inhomogeneity in identifying the level of risk. MEDFRAT and Morse appear more reliable and consistent.
Key messages
An appropriate assessment scale is important to identify the fall risk level. Identifying accurate fall risk levels allows for implementing specific prevention actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Piras
- Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Murenu
- University degree in Nursing, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Piras
- Azienda Regionale Emergenza Urgenza Sardegna, AREUS, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Pia
- Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Azara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Piras I, Vivolo M, Portoghese I, Azara A, Piana A, Galletta M. Organizational well-being among healthcare workers of middle management: a pilot study. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The organizational well-being assessment makes possible to identify risks for health in workers and organizations and to introduce health promotion actions in the workplace. The aim of the study is to analyze the organizational well-being among health professional managers who manage professional groups (e.g., nurses, midwives, physiotherapists) in hospital and identify potential main discomfort factors of these middle management workers.
Methods
A bicentric pilot study was performed in October 2019. A questionnaire with validated scales was administered to all the health professional managers of two Italian hospitals. The scales investigated variables such as distress, stress risk factors (e.g., physical and emotional workload, job control, job autonomy, role clarity, relationships, support), well-being, and job satisfaction.
Results
A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 38 out of 40 managers. They were male for 21% and female for 79%. The average age was 53.9 years. T-test analysis showed no significant difference between the two hospitals. The entire sample shows low general distress level, but 25% of the sample declares moderate distress and 8% high distress. The managers refer pace and workloads often (37%) or always (47%) excessive, they refer to not be able to 'detach' themselves from work issues when they get off work (60%) and to be too tired to live their lives (63%). They report that rarely (29%) or never (43%) have a say in how to do their job and refer that their direct supervisor is never available to listen their work problems (43%). The managers often or always perceive tension in working relationships (49%) and refer to do not have the needed support from colleagues (56%). Thirteen percent of managers applied for move into another ward.
Conclusions
This study shows that health professional managers experience general working discomfort and perceive problems with regard workload and poor support from colleagues and supervisors.
Key messages
Managers’ well-being can be compromised by both organizational and relationship factors. Middle management well-being should be improved to reduce distress risk and increase professional team efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Piras
- Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Vivolo
- Emergency Department SS. Trinità Hospital, Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy
| | - I Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Azara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Melis P, Galletta M, Gonzalez CIA, Contu P, Herrera MFJ. Ethical perspectives in communication in cancer care: An interpretative phenomenological study. Nurs Ethics 2020; 27:1418-1435. [PMID: 32406310 DOI: 10.1177/0969733020916771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cancer care, many clinical contexts still lack a good-quality patient-health professional communication about diagnosis and prognosis. Information transmission enables patients to make informed choices about their own healthcare. Nevertheless, disclosure is still an ethically challenging clinical problem in cancer care. High-quality care can be achieved by understanding the perspectives of others. The perspective of patients, their caregivers, physicians and nurses have seldom been simultaneously studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate the phenomenon of diagnosis and prognosis-related communication as experienced by patients, their caregivers, and both their attending nurses and physicians, to enlighten meanings attached to communication by the four parties. METHODS A qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT Purposive sampling of six patients, six caregivers, seven nurses and five physicians was performed in two oncological hospitals in Italy. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Local Ethics Committee approved the study. It was guided by the ethical principles of voluntary enrolment, anonymity, privacy and confidentiality. RESULTS Three main themes were identified: (a) the infinite range of possibilities in knowing and willing to know, (b) communication with the patient as a conflicting situation and (c) the bind of implicit and explicit meaning of communication. CONCLUSION The interplay of meanings attached by patients, their caregivers, and their attending oncologist and nurse to communication about diagnosis and prognosis revealed complexities and ambiguities not yet settled. Physicians still need to solve the ethical tensions in their caring relationship with patients to really allow them 'to choose with dignity and being aware of it'. Nurses need to develop awareness about their role in diagnosis and prognosis-related communication. This cognizance is essential not just to assure consistency of communication within the multi-disciplinary team but mostly because it allows and enables the moral agent to take its own responsibilities and be accountable for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Melis
- 3111University of Cagliari, Italy.,16777Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
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Lecca LI, Fabbri D, Portoghese I, Pilia I, Meloni F, Marcias G, Galletta M, Mucci N, Campagna M, Monticone M. Manual handling of patients: role of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing in health workers with chronic low back pain. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 56:307-312. [PMID: 32096615 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical overload due to patients' manual handling represents a relevant contributor to chronic low back pain (LBP). Fear of movement (also known as kinesiophobia) and catastrophising may influence the development of chronic complaints and lower performances also in working environments, despite these issues are poorly investigated. AIM The aim of this study is twofold: 1) to evaluate the levels of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing in a sample of health personnel with chronic LBP and employed in activities specifically requiring patients' manual handling; 2) to appraise the influence of these factors on disability. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Four Italian hospitals. POPULATION Sixty-four healthcare workers suffering from nonspecific low back pain, exposed to the spinal risk of biomechanical overload due to patients' manual handling. METHODS We assessed kinesiophobia, catastrophizing and disability by means of validated questionnaires (the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia [TSK], the Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS], and the Oswestry Disability Index [ODI], respectively). Values of central tendency and dispersion of the variable of interest were calculated, along with the association among variables through multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The results showed presence of kinesiophobia (TSK=34.0; IQR=28.2-42.09), catastrophizing (PCS=20.5; IQR=10.2-29.0) and disability (ODI=28.8; IQR=13.5-40.0) in the population enrolled. Disability was significantly predicted by kinesiophobia and catastrophizing (R2=0.529 P=0.00003). CONCLUSIONS Kinesiophobia and catastrophizing are present in health workers with chronic LBP involved in patients' manual handling and are linked to disability. Further investigations in this field are recommended to investigate a role for cognitive-behavioral strategies aimed at managing catastrophizing and kinesiophobia to increase working abilities. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT The assessment of catastrophizing and kinesiophobia is crucial in health workers engaged with patients' manual handling and suffering from chronic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi I Lecca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele Fabbri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pilia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Marcias
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy -
| | - Marco Monticone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
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Portoghese I, Galletta M, Larkin P, Sardo S, Campagna M, Finco G, D'Aloja E. Compassion fatigue, watching patients suffering and emotional display rules among hospice professionals: a daily diary study. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:23. [PMID: 32098618 PMCID: PMC7043034 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-0531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hospice workers are required to regularly use emotional regulation strategies in an attempt to encourage and sustain terminally ill patients and families. Daily emotional regulation in reaction to constantly watching suffering patients may be intensified among those hospice professionals who have high levels of compassion fatigue. The main object of this study was to examine the relationship between daily exposition to seeing patient suffering and daily emotional work, and to assess whether compassion fatigue (secondary traumatic stress and burnout) buffers this relationship. Methods We used a diary research design for collecting daily fluctuations in seeing patients suffering and emotional work display. Participants filled in a general survey and daily survey over a period of eight consecutive workdays. A total of 39 hospice professionals from two Italian hospices participated in the study. Results Multilevel analyses demonstrated that daily fluctuations in seeing patients suffering was positively related to daily emotional work display after controlling for daily death of patients. Moreover, considering previous levels of compassion fatigue, a buffering effect of high burnout on seeing patients suffering - daily emotional work display relationship was found. Conclusions A central finding of our study is that fluctuations in daily witness of patients suffering are positively related to daily use of positive emotional regulations. Further, our results show that burnout buffers this relationship such that hospice professionals with high burnout use more emotional display in days where they recurrently witness patients suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Portoghese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Philip Larkin
- UNIL
- Université de Lausanne, CHUV
- Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Sardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Ernesto D'Aloja
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Aviles Gonzalez CI, Galletta M, Chessa E, Melis P, Contu P, Jimenez Herrera MF. Caring efficacy: nurses' perceptions and relationships with work-related factors. Acta Biomed 2019; 90:74-82. [PMID: 31714503 PMCID: PMC7233628 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i11-s.8684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Caring nursing practice is central aspect of quality of services. It is important to assess nurses' caring experience in terms of perceived caring efficacy to make them aware of their outcomes and improve their strategies. The aims of the study was to analyze: (1) the caring efficacy level, (2) differences between the caring efficacy levels concerning positive and negative work attitudes, (3) individual and organizational predictors of perceived caring efficacy. METHODS 200 nurses were recruited from a University Hospital in Southern Italy. A self-reported questionnaire was administered. T-test was performed to analyze differences between caring efficacy levels concerning outcomes variables. Regression analysis was carried out to examine how some work factors were related to perceived caring efficacy. RESULTS Participants referred high confidence to care (CC) for 55%, and low doubts and concerns (DC) for 72.9%. Nurses who had low DC had lower emotional exhaustion than nurses with moderate DC. Nurses with low DC had higher job satisfaction than nurses with high DC. Regarding CC levels, there were no differences between mean values for both attitudes at work. The emotional dissonance significantly predicted DC and CC. The supervisor support had a negative link with emotional dissonance, which in turn was negatively related to CC. CONCLUSIONS Education and training should be addressed to reduce doubts and concerns to care and improve the ability to manage emotions. A work environment that value caring and give support in managing emotions can reduce emotional dissonance and improve caring self-efficacy.
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Portoghese I, Galletta M, Porru F, Burdorf A, Sardo S, D'Aloja E, Finco G, Campagna M. Stress among university students: factorial structure and measurement invariance of the Italian version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance student questionnaire. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:68. [PMID: 31655623 PMCID: PMC6815363 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last decade academic stress and its mental health implications amongst university students has become a global topic. The use of valid and theoretically-grounded measures of academic stress in university settings is crucial. The aim of this study was to examine the factorial structure, reliability and measurement invariance of the short student version of the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire (ERI-SQ). Methods A total of 6448 Italian university students participated in an online cross-sectional survey. The factorial structure was investigated using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, the measurement invariance of the ERI-SQ was investigated. Results Results from explorative and confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable fits for the Italian version of the ERI-SQ. A modified version of 12 items showed the best fit to the data confirming the 3-factor model. Moreover, multigroup analyses showed metric invariance across gender and university course (health vs other courses). Conclusions In sum, our results suggest that the ERI-SQ is a valid, reliable and robust instrument for the measurement of stress among Italian university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Portoghese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Fabio Porru
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Sardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Ernesto D'Aloja
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Galletta M, Cherchi M, Cocco A, Lai G, Manca V, Pau M, Tatti F, Zambon G, Deidda S, Origa P, Massa E, Cossu E, Boi F, Contu P. Sense of coherence and physical health-related quality of life in Italian chronic patients: the mediating role of the mental component. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030001. [PMID: 31530606 PMCID: PMC6756344 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC) and physical health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illnesses by focusing on the mediating role of the mental component of quality of life. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey design. SETTING Secondary care; three departments of an Italian university hospital. METHODS The participants (n=209) in the study were adult (≥18 years) outpatients with a chronic pathology (eg, diabetes, thyroid disorders or cancer) at any phase in the care trajectory (eg, pre-treatment, undergoing treatment, follow-up care). They agreed to participate in the study after providing their informed consent. Data were collected using a structured self-reporting questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS, and mediation analysis was performed via PROCESS macro. RESULTS The SOC score of the study sample was equivalent to that of the general population (mean difference=-2.50, 95% CI -4.57 to 0.00). Correlation analysis showed that SOC was mainly correlated to the mental component (MCS) (r=0.51, p<0.01) of quality of life and then to the physical component (PCS) (r=0.35, p<0.01). Mediation analysis showed that SOC was directly related to MCS (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.99) but not to PCS (p=0.42, 95% CI -0.27 to 0.12). In turn, MCS was directly related to PCS (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.01). The indirect effect of SOC on PCS through MCS was significant (0.71, p<0.001, bootstrap 95% CI 0.54 to 0.91), thus supporting the mediating role of the mental component of quality of life. CONCLUSION The indirect effect suggests that SOC is a marker of quality of life, especially of the mental component. The findings show that SOC is a psychological process that impacts patients' mental health status, which in turn affects physical health. Better knowledge of a person's SOC and how it affects his/her quality of life may help to plan tailoring interventions to strengthen SOC and improve health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuela Cherchi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alice Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina Manca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Pau
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Tatti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Zambon
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Deidda
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Origa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Massa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Efisio Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Boi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Endocrinology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Santo LD, Marognoli O, Previati V, Gonzalez CIA, Melis P, Galletta M. Providing Personal Care to Patients: the Role of Nursing Students' Emotional Labor. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2019; 16:ijnes-2018-0046. [PMID: 31369393 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Providing personal care may be a source of emotional difficulties and negative feelings for students interacting with patients during their first clinical placement. This study was done to describe the role of emotional strategies for first year nursing students providing personal care to patients and the relationship of these strategies to students' emotional exhaustion, self-efficacy, and turnover intention. Method A self-reported questionnaire was administrated to a convenience sample of 226 first-year undergraduate nursing students attending their first clinical placement in one Italian University hospital. Results Results suggested a positive link between students' cognitive re-evaluation of their experiences and their self-perceived self-efficacy. Attentional deployment was the strongest antecedent of emotional exhaustion. Emotional dissonance was the primary contributor to students' turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between emotional dissonance and turnover intention. Conclusion This research suggested that there are emotional coping strategies useful for protecting student nurses from emotional exhaustion and turnover intention and that these strategies are positively related to students' self-perceived self-efficacy in providing personal care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliva Marognoli
- Coordinator, undergraduate degree course in Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Verona, Italy
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Galletta M, Vandenberghe C, Portoghese I, Allegrini E, Saiani L, Battistelli A. A cross-lagged analysis of the relationships among workgroup commitment, motivation and proactive work behaviour in nurses. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27:1148-1158. [PMID: 31066948 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate how workgroup commitment and motivation jointly influence nurses' proactive behaviour. BACKGROUND The need to offer effective patient care has encouraged health care organisations to promote proactive behaviours among nurses. Longitudinal relationships among motivation, commitment and nurses' proactivity remain unexplored. METHODS A self-reported questionnaire was administered to nurses of an Italian hospital. A cross-lagged panel analysis was carried out. RESULTS A total of 221 questionnaires were returned at Time 2 (T2). T1 affective workgroup commitment was positively related to T2 autonomous motivation and negatively related to T2 controlled motivation. T1 continuance workgroup commitment was positively related to T2 controlled motivation but unrelated to T2 autonomous motivation. T1 autonomous motivation was positively related to T2 proactive behaviour, while T1 controlled motivation was unrelated to it. Finally, no direct association between T1 commitment variables and T2 proactive behaviour was observed, suggesting that autonomous motivation fully mediated the affective commitment-proactive behaviour relationship. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of workgroup affective commitment and autonomous motivation to foster nurses' proactive work behaviour. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers may foster affective workgroup commitment and ultimately promote nurse proactivity by creating a shared climate that supports occupational needs and values and encourages a positive affective state towards nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Saiani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Adalgisa Battistelli
- Laboratoire Psychologie, Santé et qualité de vie, Département de Psychologie, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Aviles Gonzalez CI, Galletta M, Melis P, Contu P, Watson J, Finco G, Jimenez Herrera MF. Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Caring Efficacy scale in a sample of Italian nurses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217106. [PMID: 31120938 PMCID: PMC6532878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Caring is the essence of nursing practice. Caring Efficacy scale was developed with the purpose of measuring nurses' perceived self-efficacy in orienting and maintaining caring relationships with patients. Since any instruments measuring caring self-efficacy have not been developed in Italy, the study aimed at culturally adapting and validating Caring Efficacy scale in a sample of Italian nurses. A total of 300 registered nurses were asked to fill a self-reported questionnaire; translation-back-translation procedure was carried out to maintain semantic, idiomatic and conceptual equivalence of the original scale. Then, factor analysis was performed in order to test appropriateness of the factor structure. Convergent and discriminant validity was also tested. A two-factor structure with 17 items was found. Results show that Cronbach's Alpha value was 0.84 for Confidence to Care, and 0.75 for Doubts and Concerns. Correlation analysis for convergent and discriminant validity showed that Confidence to Care was positively correlated with sense of coherence and no significant correlation with Doubts and Concerns was found. Caring efficacy scale can be used by nurse managers as a way of assessing nurses' self-efficacy and their caring orientation, thus improving quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Paola Melis
- Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Jean Watson
- Watson Caring Science Institute, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Frau N, Pau M, Meloni F, Finco G, Contu P, Campagna M. Association between burnout and sense of coherence among speech and language therapists: an exploratory study in Italy. Acta Biomed 2019; 90:25-31. [PMID: 30977746 PMCID: PMC6625562 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4-s.8261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Job burnout has been recognized as a serious occupational hazard among professionals, such as health care professionals. The sense of coherence (SoC) is deemed to be a personal resource capable of reducing the impact of job stressors and, consequently, the experience of job burnout. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SoC and job burnout among speech and language therapists. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional analysis was carried out through an online self-reported questionnaire. A total of 217 Italian speech and language therapists were involved in the study. The Anova test, T-test and logistic regression were performed to study the association between SoC and job burnout. Results: The Anova test showed that job tenure was not associated to job burnout. The T-test showed that speech and language therapists having a low SoC exhibited significantly higher emotional exhaustion, higher cynicism, and lower professional efficacy (t=-7.190 d.f.=215 p<.001) when compared to those having a high SoC. Finally, the odds ratio showed that low SoC was associated with high emotional exhaustion (OR=11.86; 95% CI=5.52-25.49; p<0.05), low SoC was associated with high cynicism (OR=4.41, CI=2.50-7.80; p<0.05), and low SoC was associated with low personal efficacy (OR=4.70; CI=2.59-8.52; p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results are in line with previous studies which showed that SoC is a fundamental personal resource which may activate workers’ reaction to various stressors, thus reducing the experience of burnout. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Melis P, Gonzalez CIA, Finco G, D’Aloja E, Contu P, Campagna M. The role of collective affective commitment in the relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion among nurses: a multilevel modeling approach. BMC Nurs 2019; 18:5. [PMID: 30820188 PMCID: PMC6379994 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-019-0329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-family conflict (WFC) is a crucial problem in nursing because of the demanding conditions of the job, such as strenuous shifts, physical and emotional workload, and intense patient involvement. Using a multilevel approach, this study investigated the moderating role of collective affective commitment as a protective resource in the relationship between WFC and emotional exhaustion. METHODS The sample included 647 nurses from 66 working units in 4 Italian hospitals. A self-administrated questionnaire was administered to nurses. To analyze data, hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine cross-level relationships between variables. RESULTS The results indicated that emotional exhaustion increased with augmenting of WFC and that this relationship was stronger when collective affective commitment was low and weaker when it was high. CONCLUSIONS The study thus suggests that collective affective commitment may be considered a protective resource for nurses. Moreover, the results show that high work-family conflict should not represent a serious problem when nurses have high affective commitment. Interventions at both individual and group level are discussed in order to mitigate WFC, promoting collective affective commitment and thus reducing emotional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Cagliari, Monserrato Italy
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Cagliari, Monserrato Italy
| | - Paola Melis
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Finco
- Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto D’Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Cagliari, Monserrato Italy
| | - Paolo Contu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Cagliari, Monserrato Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Cagliari, Monserrato Italy
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Portoghese I, Leiter MP, Maslach C, Galletta M, Porru F, D’Aloja E, Finco G, Campagna M. Measuring Burnout Among University Students: Factorial Validity, Invariance, and Latent Profiles of the Italian Version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS). Front Psychol 2018; 9:2105. [PMID: 30483171 PMCID: PMC6240654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout has a long tradition of studies in the workplace and recently researchers suggested burnout is also rising among university students. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is considered a valid measure of burnout. However, the student version of the MBI (MBI-SS) has received limited empirical support. The aim of this paper is to analyze the factorial validity, invariance, and latent profiles of the Italian version of the MBI-SS in a sample university students. A total of 7757 Italian university students participated in an online cross-sectional survey. Results from explorative and confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable fits for the Italian version of the MBI-SS. In addition, multigroup analyses supported full-metric invariance of MBI-SS within gender and academic level (bachelor vs. master). Finally, results from latent profile analysis showed that a three latent profile model was the better solution for the data: (a) burned-out (high levels of exhaustion, cynicism (CY), and low professional efficacy (PE); n = 2665, 34.2%); (b) overextended (high levels of exhaustion, moderate other, n = 3953, 51.0%); and (c) engaged (moderate exhaustion, low CY, and high PE, n = 1149, 14.8%). The resulting three-profile solution in the present study partially agrees with a prior study as it replicated three of the five-profile solution identified. In sum, we suggest that the MBI-SS is valid and reliable and represents a robust instrument for the measurement of burnout among Italian speaking university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Portoghese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Christina Maslach
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maura Galletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Porru
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ernesto D’Aloja
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Portoghese I, Galletta M, Leiter MP, Cocco P, D’Aloja E, Campagna M. Fear of future violence at work and job burnout: A diary study on the role of psychological violence and job control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burn.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Musu M, Finco G, Mura P, Landoni G, Piazza M, Messina M, Tidore M, Mucci M, Campagna M, Galletta M. Controlling catheter-related bloodstream infections through a multi-centre educational programme for intensive care units. J Hosp Infect 2017; 97:275-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Musu M, Lai A, Mereu N, Galletta M, Campagna M, Tidore M, Piazza M, Spada L, Massidda M, Colombo S, Mura P, Coppola R. Assessing hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in six Intensive Care Units. J Prev Med Hyg 2017; 58:E231-E237. [PMID: 29123370 PMCID: PMC5668933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are a cause of high morbidity, disability and reduced quality of life, as well as mortality and rising costs for health systems. Preventing the HAI risk by planning and implementing effective preventive strategies is important to safeguard patient health. METHODS The study aimed to evaluate the presence of procedures and protocols for infection control, to assess the adhesion to the different aspects of hand hygiene (HH) and hand washing technique by healthcare workers in six ICUs. A perspective observational study was conducted in six ICUs. In each ICU, the adherence by health care workers to both hand hygiene practices and standard precautions was assessed, as well as the presence of procedures and written protocols. RESULTS The findings showed that in all the involved ICUs, 73 of 142 required protocols and procedures were available. Specifically, 59 of 79 were available for general measure of risk control, 12 of 15 for hand hygiene, and 24 of 48 for standard precautions and isolation measures. Also, the results showed highly variable levels of adherence to the best hygiene practices in all the ICUs involved in the study, with compliance rates ranging from 3% to 100%, and 73 of 142 required protocols were available at the study time. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the involved ICUs showed low levels of adherence to best hygiene practices. This suggests the need to implement immediate strategies for infection control in the ICUs. A multidisciplinary intervention could be effective in preventing and control the HAI risk.score was reached only by the third year students with regard to the proper HH. The level of knowledge about HAI was inadequate.A periodically check of nursing students' knowledge would be advisable in order to fill any gaps, improve training, reduce HAI and increase prevention measures compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Musu
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - A. Lai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - N.M. Mereu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M. Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy;,Correspondence: Maura Galletta, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA) Italy. Tel. +39 070 675 3108 - E-mail:
| | - M. Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M. Tidore
- Hygiene, Health and Social Policies Department, Autonomous Region of Sardinia, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M.F. Piazza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - L. Spada
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M.V. Massidda
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - S. Colombo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Mura
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - R.C. Coppola
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Piazza MF, Galletta M, Portoghese I, Pilia I, Ionta MT, Contu P, Mereu A, Campagna M. Meeting psychosocial and health information needs to ensure quality of cancer care in outpatients. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2017; 29:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Aviles Gonzales CI, Melis P, Marcias G, Campagna M, Minerba L, Sardu C. Lack of respect, role uncertainty and satisfaction with clinical practice among nursing students: the moderating role of supportive staff. Acta Biomed 2017; 88:43-50. [PMID: 28752832 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v88i3 -s.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical learning placements provide a real-world context where nursing students can acquire clinical skills and the attitudes that are the hallmark of the nursing profession. Nonetheless, nursing students often report dissatisfaction with their clinical placements. The aim of this study was to test a model of the relationship between student's perceived respect, role uncertainty, staff support, and satisfaction with clinical practice. METHOD A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was completed by 278 second- and third-year undergraduate nursing students. Specifically, we tested the moderating role of supportive staff and the mediating role of role uncertainty. RESULTS We found that lack of respect was positively related to role uncertainty, and this relationship was moderated by supportive staff, especially at lower levels. Also, role uncertainty was a mediator of the relationship between lack of respect and internship satisfaction; lack of respect increased role uncertainty, which in turn was related to minor satisfaction with clinical practice. CONCLUSION This study explored the experience of nursing students during their clinical learning placements. Unhealthy placement environments, characterized by lack of respect, trust, and support increase nursing students' psychosocial risks, thus reducing their satisfaction with their clinical placements. Due to the current global nursing shortage, our results may have important implications for graduate recruitment, retention of young nurses, and professional progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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Battistelli A, Galletta M, Odoardi C, Núñez J, Ntalianis F. Proposal for a Version of MWMS Across Mediterranean Countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Self-determination theory introduces a multidimensional view of motivation and explains how the different types of motivation can be promoted or hindered. Following Gagné et al. (2014) , the purpose of this study was to create an abbreviated version of the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) and to study the psychometric properties of the instrument using data from 1,035 workers from three Mediterranean countries (Greece, Italy, and Spain). Factorial analyses indicated that the 18-item scale has the same factor structure across the three Mediterranean languages, reflecting common cultural idiosyncrasies and influences. Convergent and discriminant validity indicated that intrinsic and integrated forms of autonomous motivation had a positive relationship with job satisfaction, affective and normative commitment, prosocial behavior, perceived organizational support, job autonomy, and leader-member exchange. Controlled forms of motivation (e.g., social and material) were unrelated or negatively related to most of the variables examined, with the exception of continuance commitment (positive association). Lastly, amotivation was negatively related to all employee-related variables, except for continuance commitment. Practical implications and suggestions for the development of future research based on self-determination theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalgisa Battistelli
- Laboratoire EA 4139 Psychologie, Santé et qualité de vie, Département de Psychologie, Université Bordeaux, France
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Odoardi
- Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Juan Núñez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Gonzales CIA, Melis P, Marcias G, Campagna M, Minerba L, Sardu C. Lack of respect, role uncertainty and satisfaction with clinical practice among nursing students: the moderating role of supportive staff. Acta Biomed 2017. [PMID: 28752832 PMCID: PMC6357584 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v88i3-s.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical learning placements provide a real-world context where nursing students can acquire clinical skills and the attitudes that are the hallmark of the nursing profession. Nonetheless, nursing students often report dissatisfaction with their clinical placements. The aim of this study was to test a model of the relationship between student's perceived respect, role uncertainty, staff support, and satisfaction with clinical practice. METHOD A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was completed by 278 second- and third-year undergraduate nursing students. Specifically, we tested the moderating role of supportive staff and the mediating role of role uncertainty. RESULTS We found that lack of respect was positively related to role uncertainty, and this relationship was moderated by supportive staff, especially at lower levels. Also, role uncertainty was a mediator of the relationship between lack of respect and internship satisfaction; lack of respect increased role uncertainty, which in turn was related to minor satisfaction with clinical practice. CONCLUSION This study explored the experience of nursing students during their clinical learning placements. Unhealthy placement environments, characterized by lack of respect, trust, and support increase nursing students' psychosocial risks, thus reducing their satisfaction with their clinical placements. Due to the current global nursing shortage, our results may have important implications for graduate recruitment, retention of young nurses, and professional progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy,Correspondence: Igor Portoghese, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy, E-mail:
| | - Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzales
- Nursing and Health, University of Tarragona, Spain, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Melis
- Nursing and Health, University of Tarragona, Spain, Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Marcias
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Sardu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Ciuffi M, Sancassiani F, Aloja ED, Campagna M. Working and Environmental Factors on Job Burnout: A Cross-sectional Study Among Nurses. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2016; 12:132-141. [PMID: 27990173 PMCID: PMC5120375 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901612010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Burnout is a problem that impacts on the staff management costs and on the patient care quality. Objective: This work aimed to investigate some psychosocial factors related to burnout. Specifically, we explored the sample characteristics for moderate/high emotional exhaustion, cynicism and professional inefficacy, as well as the relationship between both working and environmental variables and burnout. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 307 nurses from one Italian hospital was carried out. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS 19.0. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between nurses with low and moderate/high burnout in all the three components in almost all the examined organizational variables. In addition, we found that the aspects of working life had a significant impact on the three dimensions of burnout. Conclusions: The findings of this study not only can provide useful basis for future research in the field, but also can offer practical suggestions for improving nursing practice and promote effective workplace, thus reducing the risk burnout among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Ciuffi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto D' Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Pili S, Piazza MF, Campagna M. The effect of work motivation on a sample of nurses in an Italian healthcare setting. Work 2016; 54:451-60. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-162327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, D’Aloja E, Mereu A, Contu P, Coppola RC, Finco G, Campagna M. Relationship between job burnout, psychosocial factors and health care-associated infections in critical care units. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2016; 34:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Carta MG, D'Aloja E, Campagna M. The Effect of Nurse-Physician Collaboration on Job Satisfaction, Team Commitment, and Turnover Intention in Nurses. Res Nurs Health 2016; 39:375-85. [PMID: 27233052 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary turnover in nursing can lead to nursing shortages that affect both individuals and the entire hospital unit. We investigated the relationship between group- and individual-level variables by examining the association of nurses' job satisfaction and team commitment at the individual level, and nurse-physician collaboration at the group level, with individuals' intention to leave the unit at the individual level. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 1,024 nurses on 72 units in 3 Italian hospitals. At the individual level, affective commitment partially mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and nursing turnover intention. Moreover, a cross-level interaction was found. Nurses with high levels of job satisfaction showed high levels of identification with their team, and this relationship was stronger when the group perception of nurse-physician collaboration was high. Results suggested that managerial strategies to promote nurse-physician collaboration may be important to increase nurses' affective commitment to the team. At the individual level, job satisfaction and team affective commitment are important factors for retaining staff, and at the group level, good work collaboration with physicians is instrumental in developing nurses' affective identification with the team. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, SS554 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, Calgiari, Italy.
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Calgiari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Calgiari, Italy
| | - Ernesto D'Aloja
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Calgiari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Calgiari, Italy
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Fabbri D, Pilia I, Campagna M. Empowering workplace and wellbeing among healthcare professionals: the buffering role of job control. Acta Biomed 2016; 87 Suppl 2:61-69. [PMID: 27240034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Health care workers are exposed to several job stressors that can adversely affect their wellbeing. Workplace incivility is a growing organizational concern with the potential to create workplaces harmful to individuals' wellbeing and increase occupational health risks. Based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of two resources (organizational empowerment and job control) on individuals' well-being (emotional exhaustion) and attitude at work (unit affective commitment). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 210 hospital workers completed a self-administered questionnaire that was used to measure organizational empowerment, workplace incivility, job control, exhaustion, and affective commitment. Data were collected in 2014. Data were examined via linear regression analyses. RESULTS The results showed that workplace incivility was positively related to emotional exhaustion and negatively related to affective commitment. Workplace empowerment was positively related to affective commitment and negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, the positive relationship between workplace empowerment and affective commitment was significantly moderated by job control. CONCLUSION Our results found support for the JD-R model. Specifically, results showed the buffering effect of job control in the relationship between empowerment and affective commitment. Our findings may concretely contribute to the stress literature and offer additional suggestions to promote healthy workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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Campagna M, Maria Mereu N, Mulas L, Pilia R, Francesca Piazza M, Spada L, Lai A, Portoghese I, Galletta M, Masia G, Restivo A, Mura P, Finco G, Cristina Coppola R. Pattern of Hepatitis A Virus Epidemiology in Nursing Students and Adherence to Preventive Measures at Two Training Wards of a University Hospital. Hepat Mon 2016; 16:e34219. [PMID: 27195012 PMCID: PMC4867361 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.34219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students can be exposed to patients with hepatitis A virus (HAV) and can represent a vehicle of transmission both for health personnel, patients and relatives. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the risk of HAV infection in nursing students during their internship. PATIENTS AND METHODS A seroprevalence survey on HAV infection was performed on nursing students at the Cagliari university-hospital, together with the assessment of the compliance to preventive measures to decrease the risk of infection during their internship. Blood specimens were obtained from 253 students. All serum samples were tested for anti-HAV antibodies (IgG) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compliance to preventive measures was recorded by trained personnel. RESULTS Overall HAV seropositivity in nursing students (mean age 24, range 17 - 45 years) was 3%. Compliance to preventive measures was not uniform (6% - 76%) and extremely low in some specific measures targeted to decrease the oral-fecal transmission. CONCLUSIONS The high proportion of susceptible nursing students can contribute to an increase in the risk of nosocomial transmission, especially when specific preventive measures are not completely applied. Nursing education packages, before starting medical internship, should be implemented in order to increase their compliance to preventive measures, especially in wards at higher risk. Vaccination should be considered in wards at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Campagna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Corresponding Author: Marcello Campagna, Marcello Campagna, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. Tel: +39-0706754441, E-mail:
| | - Noemi Maria Mereu
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lucia Mulas
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico Universitario, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Pilia
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Piazza
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Spada
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Lai
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Masia
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Surgery Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Mura
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Pain Therapy Service, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Pain Therapy Service, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Cristina Coppola
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Campagna M, Argiolas F, Soggiu B, Mereu N, Lai A, Galletta M, Coppola R. Current preventive policies and practices against Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and tuberculosis targeted for workers from hospitals of the Sardinia Region, Italy. J Prev Med Hyg 2016; 57:E69-74. [PMID: 27582631 PMCID: PMC4996042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health care Workers are exposed to infectious diseases more than the general population. Many of these infections are preventable by vaccination. The objective in this study is to investigate whether, how, and which vaccination underwent Sardinia Health Care Workers (HCWs) and the variability of policies in different Hospital Health Managements of the whole region. METHODS In March 2013, we enrolled the Hospital Health Management of all the 32 Sardinia hospitals. We investigate on immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases and education campaigns about recommended vaccinations for HCWs. Flu, hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella, varicella and tuberculosis were the objects of our research. RESULTS In most of the hospitals, influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs is less than 6%. Hepatitis B antibody assay was performed in all the respondent hospitals but only 14 had available data as collected electronically. Most of the hospitals did not perform serological tests for the evaluation of antibodies against Varicella, Measles, Mumps and Rubella in their HCWs. In 30 hospitals Mantoux test was replaced or integrated by "in vitro" test for health surveillance protocols. CONCLUSIONS This method produced a large amount of data in small time and at a low cost. Sending back data to respective Hospital Health Management (HHM) we took a step towards greater awareness of the issue of biological risks of HCWs and of vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Campagna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - B. Soggiu
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - N.M. Mereu
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - A. Lai
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M. Galletta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - R.C. Coppola
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Battistelli A, Galletta M, Vandenberghe C, Odoardi C. Perceived organisational support, organisational commitment and self-competence among nurses: a study in two Italian hospitals. J Nurs Manag 2015; 24:E44-53. [PMID: 25652882 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examined the contributions of perceived organisational support (POS) and organisational commitment (i.e. affective, continuance and normative) to self-competence among nurses. BACKGROUND In high-POS environments, workers benefit from socio-emotional resources to improve their skills, while positive forms of commitment (e.g. affective commitment) create a fertile context for developing one's competencies. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing staff of two Italian urban hospitals (hospital A, n = 160; hospital B, n = 192). A structured questionnaire was administered individually to the nurses. Data analysis was conducted through multi-group analysis and supplemented by a bootstrapping approach. RESULTS The results showed that POS was positively related to self-competence through affective commitment. In contrast, continuance and normative commitment did not mediate this relationship. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that supporting employees through caring about their well-being as well as fostering positive forms of organisational commitment increases nurses' self-competence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers may increase support perceptions and commitment among their staff by rewarding their contributions and caring about their well-being, as well as concentrating on training strategies that improve work-related skills.
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Galletta M, Portoghese I, Coppola RC, Finco G, Campagna M. Nurses well-being in intensive care units: study of factors promoting team commitment. Nurs Crit Care 2014; 21:146-56. [PMID: 24750240 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care units (ICUs) are challenging work environments because of the critical condition of patients, and ICU nurses frequently lament low job satisfaction and high staff turnover. Nevertheless, organizational and work characteristics, and the quality of relationships with staff can help to maintain nurses' enthusiasm and increase job satisfaction. AIM The aim of this study was to analyse how nursing work environment factors affect identification and commitment among ICU nurses. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was carried out in 12 ICUs from four Italian urban hospitals. METHOD A total of 222 nurses participated and completed a self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Results show that nursing work characteristics are directly related to team commitment, and that the nursing work characteristics and team commitment relationship was mediated by both perceived supervisor support and job satisfaction. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Our findings may concretely contribute to literature and offer additional suggestions to improve nurses' work conditions and patient health in ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Galletta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Igor Portoghese
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa C Coppola
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Finco
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Pain Therapy Service, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Portoghese I, Galletta M, Battistelli A, Leiter MP. A multilevel investigation on nursing turnover intention: the cross-level role of leader-member exchange. J Nurs Manag 2014; 23:754-64. [PMID: 24417282 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse nursing turnover intention from the unit by using multilevel approach, examining at the individual level, the relationships between job characteristics, job satisfaction and turnover intention, and at the group level the role of leader-member exchange. BACKGROUND Research on nursing turnover has given little attention to the effects of multilevel factors. METHOD Aggregated data of 935 nurses nested within 74 teams of four Italian hospitals were collected in 2009 via a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Hierarchical linear modelling showed that job satisfaction mediated the relationship between job characteristics and intention to leave at the individual level. At the unit level, leader-member exchange was directly linked to intention to leave. Furthermore, cross-level interaction revealed that leader-member exchange moderated the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION This study supported previous research in single-level turnover studies concerning the key role of job satisfaction, providing evidence that job characteristics are important in creating motivating and satisfying jobs. At the unit-level, leader-member exchange offers an approach to understand the role of unit-specific conditions created by leaders on nurses' workplace wellbeing. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT This study showed that it is important for nursing managers to recognise the relevance of implementing management practices that foster healthy workplaces centred on high-quality nurse-supervisor relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Portoghese
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Adalgisa Battistelli
- Laboratoire EA 4139 Psychologie, Santé et Qualité de Vie, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Michael P Leiter
- Department of Psychology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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El Akremi A, Colaianni G, Portoghese I, Galletta M, Battistelli A. How organizational support impacts affective commitment and turnover among Italian nurses: a multilevel mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2013.826713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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