1
|
Furo H, Wiegand T, Rani M, Schwartz DG, Sullivan RW, Elkin PL. Association Between Buprenorphine Dose and the Urine "Norbuprenorphine" to "Creatinine" Ratio: Revised. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231153748. [PMID: 36937705 PMCID: PMC10014968 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231153748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Utilizing a 1-year chart review as the data, Furo et al. conducted a research study on an association between buprenorphine dose and the urine "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratio and found significant differences in the ratio among 8-, 12-, and 16-mg/day groups with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. This study expands the data for a 2-year chart review and is intended to delineate an association between buprenorphine dose and the urine "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratio with a higher statistical power. Methods This study performed a 2-year chart review of data for the patients living in a halfway house setting, where their drug administration was closely monitored. The patients were on buprenorphine prescribed at an outpatient clinic for opioid use disorder (OUD), and their buprenorphine prescription and dispensing information were confirmed by the New York Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). Urine test results in the electronic health record (EHR) were reviewed, focusing on the "buprenorphine," "norbuprenorphine," and "creatinine" levels. The Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to examine an association between buprenorphine dose and the "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratio. Results This study included 371 urine samples from 61 consecutive patients and analyzed the data in a manner similar to that described in the study by Furo et al. This study had similar findings with the following exceptions: (1) a mean buprenorphine dose of 11.0 ± 3.8 mg/day with a range of 2 to 20 mg/day; (2) exclusion of 6 urine samples with "creatinine" level <20 mg/dL; (3) minimum "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratios in the 8-, 12-, and 16-mg/day groups of 0.44 × 10-4 (n = 68), 0.1 × 10-4 (n = 133), and 1.37 × 10-4 (n = 82), respectively; however, after removing the 2 lowest outliers, the minimum "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratio in the 12-mg/day group was 1.6 × 10-4, similar to the findings in the previous study; and (4) a significant association between buprenorphine dose and the urine "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratios from the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .01). In addition, the median "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratio had a strong association with buprenorphine dose, and this association could be formulated as: [y = 2.266 ln(x) + 0.8211]. In other words, the median ratios in 8-, 12-, and 16-mg/day groups were 5.53 × 10-4, 6.45 × 10-4, and 7.10 × 10-4, respectively. Therefore, any of the following features should alert providers to further investigate patient treatment compliance: (1) inappropriate substance(s) in urine sample; (2) "creatinine" level <20 mg/dL; (3) "buprenorphine" to "norbuprenorphine" ratio >50:1; (4) buprenorphine dose >24 mg/day; or (5) "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratios <0.5 × 10-4 in patients who are on 8 mg/day or <1.5 × 10-4 in patients who are on 12 mg/day or more. Conclusion The results of the present study confirmed those of the previous study regarding an association between buprenorphine dose and the "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratio, using an expanded data set. Additionally, this study delineated a clearer relationship, focusing on the median "norbuprenorphine" to "creatinine" ratios in different buprenorphine dose groups. These results could help providers interpret urine test results more accurately and apply them to outpatient opioid treatment programs for optimal treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Furo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University
of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Wiegand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The
University of Rochester Medical Center and Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - Meenakshi Rani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Diane G Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics,
State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ross W Sullivan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State
University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Peter L Elkin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics,
State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs in
Western New York, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Faculty of Engineering, University of
Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rani M, Chauhan R, Sharma S, Singh A, Badwik H, Mishra A, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Synthesis, Cannabinoid Receptor Targeted Molecular Docking of Some New Pyrazole Derivatives as Hypolipidemic and Anti- Obesity Agents. Indian J Pharm Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
|
3
|
Rani M, Utreja D, Dhillon NK, Kaur K. A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Nematicidal Activity against the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Russ J Org Chem 2022. [PMCID: PMC9749629 DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, 141027 Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - D. Utreja
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, 141027 Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - N. K. Dhillon
- Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, 141027 Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - K. Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, 141027 Ludhiana, Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng G, Bouamar H, Cserhati M, Zeballos CR, Mehta I, Zare H, Broome L, Hu R, Lai Z, Chen Y, Sharkey FE, Rani M, Halff GA, Cigarroa FG, Sun LZ. Integrin alpha 6 is upregulated and drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression through integrin α6β4 complex. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:930-943. [PMID: 35657344 PMCID: PMC9329238 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrin α6 (ITGA6) forms integrin receptors with either integrin β1 (ITGB1) or integrin β4 (ITGB4). How it functions to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is not well-elucidated. We found that ITGA6 RNA and protein expression levels are significantly elevated in human HCC tissues in comparison with paired adjacent nontumor tissues by RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Stable knockdown of ITGA6 with different ITGA6 shRNA expression lentivectors significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth of HCC cell lines in vitro, and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition of anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of HCC cell lines was also confirmed with anti-ITGA6 antibody. ITGA6 knockdown was shown to induce cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed apparent interaction of ITGA6 with ITGB4, but not ITGB1. Expression studies showed that ITGA6 positively regulates the expression of ITGB4 with no or negative regulation of ITGB1 expression. Finally, while high levels of ITGA6 and ITGB4 together were associated with significantly worse survival of HCC patients in TCGA data set, the association was not significant for high levels of ITGA6 and ITGB1. In conclusion, ITGA6 is upregulated in HCC tumors and has a malignant promoting role in HCC cells through integrin α6β4 complex. Thus, integrin α6β4 may be a therapeutic target for treating patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixi Zheng
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Hakim Bouamar
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Matyas Cserhati
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Carla R. Zeballos
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Isha Mehta
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Habil Zare
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Larry Broome
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Ruolei Hu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Francis E. Sharkey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Meenakshi Rani
- Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Glenn A. Halff
- Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma SK, Mandal TK, Banoo R, Rai A, Rani M. Long-Term Variation in Carbonaceous Components of PM 2.5 from 2012 to 2021 in Delhi. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 109:502-510. [PMID: 35322279 PMCID: PMC8942158 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous species [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), elemental matter (EM), primary organic carbon (POC), secondary organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (TC), and total carbonaceous matter (TCM)] of PM2.5 were analyzed to study the seasonal variability and long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) in megacity Delhi, India from January, 2012 to April, 2021. The average concentrations (± standard deviation) of PM2.5, OC, EC, TC, EM, TCM, POC and SOC were 127 ± 77, 15.7 ± 11.6, 7.4 ± 5.1, 23.1 ± 16.5, 8.2 ± 5.6, 33.3 ± 23.9, 9.3 ± 6.3 and 6.5 ± 5.3 µg m-3, respectively during the sampling period (10-year average). The average CAs accounted for 26% of PM2.5 concentration during the entire sampling period. In addition, the seasonal variations in PM2.5, OC, EC, POC, SOC, and TCM levels were recorded with maxima in post-monsoon and minima in monsoon seasons. The linear relationship of OC and EC, OC/EC and EC/TC ratios suggested that the vehicular emissions (VE), fossil fuel combustion (FFC) and biomass burning (BB) are the major sources of CAs at megacity Delhi, India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
| | - T K Mandal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - R Banoo
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - A Rai
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - M Rani
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Borthakur D, Rani M, Das K, Shah MP, Sharma BK, Kumar A. Bioremediation: an alternative approach for detoxification of polymers from the contaminated environment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 75:744-758. [PMID: 34825392 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The industries and metropolitan wastes produced by anthropogenic activities are of great concern for nature as it causes soil contamination and deteriorate the environment. Plastic utilization is rapidly enhancing globally with passing days that last for a more extended period in the environment due to slow decomposition and natural degradation. Excessive use of polymer has risked the life of both marine, freshwater and terrestrial organisms. Lack of proper waste management and inappropriate disposal leads to environmental threats. Bioremediation processes involve microbes such as fungi, bacteria, etc. which contribute a crucial role in the breakdown of plastics. Extremophiles secrete extremozymes that are functionally active in extreme conditions and are highly crucial for polymer disaggregation in those conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Borthakur
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala, Tripura, India.,Department of Life Sciences, Assam Don Bosco University, Tepesia, Assam, India
| | - M Rani
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - K Das
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - M P Shah
- Enviro Technology Ltd., Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India
| | - B K Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala, Tripura, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu CS, Cobb D, Jonas RB, Pokorny D, Rani M, Cotner-Pouncy T, Oliver J, Cap A, Cestero R, Nicholson SE, Eastridge BJ, Jenkins DH. Shock index and pulse pressure as triggers for massive transfusion. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 87:S159-S164. [PMID: 31246921 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhage is the most common cause of preventable death in trauma patients. These mortalities might be prevented with prehospital transfusion. We sought to characterize injured patients requiring massive transfusion to determine the potential impact of a prehospital whole blood transfusion program. The primary goal of this analysis was to determine a method to identify patients at risk of massive transfusion in the prehospital environment. Many of the existing predictive models require laboratory values and/or sonographic evaluation of the patient after arrival at the hospital. Development of an algorithm to predict massive transfusion protocol (MTP) activation could lead to an easy-to-use tool for prehospital personnel to determine when a patient needs blood transfusion. METHODS Using our Level I trauma center's registry, we retrospectively identified all adult trauma patients from January 2015 to August 2017 requiring activation of the MTP. Patients who were younger than 18 years, older than 89 years, prisoners, pregnant women, and/or with nontraumatic hemorrhage were excluded from the study. We retrospectively collected data including demographics, blood utilization, variable outcome data (survival, length of stay, intensive care unit days, ventilator days), prehospital vital signs, prehospital transport times, and Injury Severity Score. The independent-samples t test and χ test were used to compare the group who died to the group who survived. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Based on age and mechanism of injury, relative risk of death was calculated. Graphs were generated using Microsoft Excel software to plot patient variables. RESULTS Our study population of 102 MTP patients had an average age of 42 years and average Injury Severity Score of 29, consisted of 80% males (82/102), and was 66% blunt trauma (67/102). The all-cause mortality was 67% (68/102). The positive predictive value of death for patients with pulse pressure of less than 45 and shock index of greater than 1 was 0.78 for all patients, but was 0.79 and 0.92 for blunt injury and elderly patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a high mortality rate in trauma patients who require MTP despite short transport times, indicating the need for early intervention in the prehospital environment. Given our understanding that the most severely injured patients in hemorrhagic shock require blood resuscitation, this study demonstrates that this subset of trauma patients requiring massive transfusion can be identified in the prehospital setting. We recommend using Emergency Medical Services pulse pressure in combination with shock index to serve as a trigger for initiation of prehospital whole blood transfusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/care management, level V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Zhu
- From the Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (C.S.Z., R.B.J., D.P., R.C., S.E.N., B.J.E., D.H.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Surgery (D.C.), Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Department of Transplant Surgery (M.R.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Trauma Services (T.C.-P., J.O.), University Hospital in San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and US Army Institute of Surgical Research (A.C.), San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saleh D, Jarry J, Rani M, Aliferis K, Seguin P, Jabaji S. Diversity, distribution and multi‐functional attributes of bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere and endosphere of timothy (Phleum pratenseL.). J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:794-811. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Saleh
- Department of Plant Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Macdonald Campus of McGill University Ste‐Anne‐De Bellevue QC Canada
| | - J. Jarry
- Department of Plant Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Macdonald Campus of McGill University Ste‐Anne‐De Bellevue QC Canada
| | - M. Rani
- Department of Plant Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Macdonald Campus of McGill University Ste‐Anne‐De Bellevue QC Canada
| | - K.A. Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - P. Seguin
- Department of Plant Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Macdonald Campus of McGill University Ste‐Anne‐De Bellevue QC Canada
| | - S.H. Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Macdonald Campus of McGill University Ste‐Anne‐De Bellevue QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn-induced inflammation leads to impaired immune responses resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. T-cells are central in the immune response and circulating CD4 and CD8 T-cells have been used to evaluate immune status; however, the role of these T-cell subsets in the burn wound is unknown. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a major 3rd degree scald burn or sham treatment. Twenty-four hours later, full thickness skin samples from sham mice and the burn wounds were collected and single cells were isolated and analyzed for αβ TCR, γδ TCR, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD69 expressions by flow cytometry. RESULTS The burn wound contained significantly greater numbers of T-cells than skin from sham mice, due to a profound infiltration of αβ T-cells. These infiltrating αβ T-cells were primarily suppressor T-cells with a CD8+ or CD8-CD4- phenotype. The 15-fold increase in CD8+ αβ T-cells caused a decrease in the CD4:CD8 ratio from 0.7 in sham skin to 0.3 in the burn wound. In contrast, the majority of the γδ T-cells in sham skin were CD4-CD8-, which decreased 9-fold in the burn wound. CD69 expression was suppressed on burn wound αβ T-cells, but increased on γδ T-cells in the burn wound. CONCLUSIONS The infiltrating burn wound αβ T-cells likely act to quell inflammation. In contrast wound γδ T-cells were activated with elevated CD4 and CD69 expression. Thus, these two distinct T-cell subsets likely differentially regulate the burn wound inflammatory response.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Burns/immunology
- Burns/pathology
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8 Antigens/analysis
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/analysis
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rani
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Martin G. Schwacha
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Holloway TL, Nicholson SE, Rani M, Cap AP, Schwacha MG. Toll-like receptor responses are suppressed in trauma ICU patients. J Surg Res 2016; 206:139-145. [PMID: 27916353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and activation of the innate immune system are often associated with traumatic injury and may involve alterations in toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated responses. METHODS A prospective observational study was designed and conducted. Twenty-one severely injured (ISS = 16-41) trauma intensive care unit (ICU) patients and six healthy volunteers that served as controls were enrolled. Anticoagulated whole blood was collected at 2-12 d after ICU admission and incubated in the presence of media alone (baseline), zymosan (TLR2 agonist) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) for 3 h. Supernatant levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) were determined. RESULTS TLR2-mediated and TLR4-mediated activation of whole blood cell cultures from both healthy volunteers and subjects-induced elevated cytokine levels over that observed in unstimulated cultures. Baseline values of IL-6 were significantly elevated in subject cultures as compared to healthy volunteers. Healthy volunteer cultures had 2-3-fold greater levels of IL-6 and TNFα than subject cultures when stimulated with zymosan (TLR2 agonist) or LPS (TLR4 agonist). IL-1β and IL-10 levels did not differ significantly between healthy volunteers and subjects. CONCLUSIONS The ability of circulating leukocytes from trauma ICU patients to be activated by TLR agonists is markedly suppressed and may play a role in the development of subsequent infectious complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Holloway
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Susannah E Nicholson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Meenakshi Rani
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew P Cap
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas; Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Martin G Schwacha
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas; Blood Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar A, Duggal S, Gur R, Rongpharpi SR, Sagar S, Rani M, Dhayal D, Khanijo CM. Safe transportation of biomedical waste in a health care institution. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:383-6. [PMID: 26068340 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.158559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chances of health care waste (Biomedical waste) coming in contact with the health care workers, patients, visitors, sanitary workers, waste handlers, public, rag pickers and animals during transportation are high. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted over a period of seven months (April 2013-October 2013) in a 500-bedded hospital where the average quantum of biomedical waste is 0.8 kg/bed/day. The issues related to transportation of health care waste from 39 generation sites to the health care waste storage site inside the hospital (intramural transfer) were addressed and analysed in a predesigned proforma. RESULTS The biomedical waste management team inspected the generation sites in the hospital on a daily basis and conformance to the procedures was checked. It was found that waste was collected at scheduled timings in 99.6% occasions; however, compliance to wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) was poor and ranged from 1.22-1.84%. CONCLUSION Transportation of health care waste is a crucial step in its management. Regular training program for all the sections of health care workers with special emphasis on waste handlers is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Gur
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Rohini, Delhi - 110 085, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Holloway TL, Rani M, Cap AP, Stewart RM, Schwacha MG. The association between the Th-17 immune response and pulmonary complications in a trauma ICU population. Cytokine 2015; 76:328-333. [PMID: 26364992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall immunopathology of the T-helper cell (Th)-17 immune response has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases including pulmonary inflammation; however its potential role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not defined. This study aimed to evaluate the Th-17 response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood and from trauma patients with pulmonary complications. METHODS A total of 21 severely injured intensive care unit (ICU) subjects, who were mechanically ventilated and undergoing bronchoscopy, were enrolled. BALF and blood were collected and analyzed for Th-1 (interferon [IFN]γ), Th-2 (interleukin [IL]-4, -10), Th-17 (IL-17A, -17F, -22, 23) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α) cytokine levels. RESULTS Significant levels of the Th-17 cytokines IL-17A, -17F and -21 and IL-6 (which can be classified as a Th-17 cytokine) were observed in the BALF of all subjects. There were no significant differences in Th-17 cytokines between those subjects with ARDS and those without, with the exception of plasma and BALF IL-6, which was markedly greater in ARDS subjects, as compared with controls and non-ARDS subjects. CONCLUSIONS Trauma patients with pulmonary complications exhibited a significant Th-17 response in the lung and blood, suggesting that this pro-inflammatory milieu may be a contributing factor to such complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Holloway
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Meenakshi Rani
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Andrew P Cap
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, United States
| | - Ronald M Stewart
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Martin G Schwacha
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chaudhary S, Gupta C, Das S, Saha R, Rani M, Ramachandran VG. Biofilm formation by Candida species on intrauretheral catheter and its antifungal susceptibility profile. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 32:467-8. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.142244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- P. Lahot
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, India
| | - M. Rani
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, India
| | - S. Maken
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Burn induces an immunopathological response involving multiple immune cell types that includes γδ T-cells. Nonetheless, the role of γδ T-cells at the wound site after burn is not clearly defined. Wild type and γδ T-cell receptor deficient (δ TCR(-/-)) mice were subjected to a major burn or sham procedure. At 1-7 d thereafter, skin samples were collected and T-cell populations analyzed. The majority of T-cells in the skin of sham mice were γδ T-cells. After burn, however, an increase in the total T-cells was observed at the wound site and these cells were predominantly αβ T-cells. Their influx was γδ T-cell dependent, as it was markedly reduced in injured δ TCR(-/-) mice. Burn wound γδ T-cells were activated with increased expression of TLRs and CD69. In contrast, the infiltrating αβ T-cells TLR and CD69 expressions were attenuated after burn. Thus, burn is associated with of γδ T-cell activation at the injury site, which initiates a massive infiltration of the wound with αβ T-cells that likely facilitate the transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase of healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rani
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Cap
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin G Schwacha
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reddy NJ, Nagoor Vali D, Rani M, Rani SS. Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles by Piper longum fruit. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2014; 34:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Bayer J, Das NA, Baisden CE, Rani M, DeArmond DT, Peters JI, Johnson SB. Effect of inhaled tacrolimus on ischemia reperfusion injury in rat lung transplant model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 146:1213-9; discussion 1219. [PMID: 24029291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic tacrolimus therapy has been shown to protect against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models. We sought to investigate on a functional and cellular level if inhaled nanoparticle tacrolimus administered to the donor lung before procurement could similarly attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplant. METHODS An isogenic orthotopic rat model of single left lung transplant was used. Donor animals were pretreated with inhaled tacrolimus (treatment group) or inhaled lactose (controls) before lung procurement. Lung grafts were subjected to 3 hours of cold ischemia followed by 4 hours of reperfusion after graft implantation. Recipient animal arterial blood gas measurement and isograft wet to dry weight ratios were obtained. Macrophage, neutrophil, and T-cell accumulation and activation in lung isografts, including γδ T-cell, T-helper, and cytotoxic T-cell subtypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tacrolimus levels were measured in the lung isograft using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Isograft cytokine levels were measured with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and microbead array kits. RESULTS Oxygenation in treatment group animals was significantly higher than in controls. The presence of macrophages, neutrophils, and all T-cell subtypes in the isografts as well as isograft levels of inflammatory cytokines were all less in the treatment group versus controls, although no single variable achieved statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled nanoparticle tacrolimus treatment of lung donors is associated with an attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury on a functional and cellular level in lung transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bayer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Gamma delta T-cells have been shown to be important in the early immunoinflammatory response to injury, which can be independent of infection. This sterile inflammatory response is believed to be, in part, associated with danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs) have been shown to be important in trauma-induced neutrophil activation, but it is unknown whether MTDs activate other innate immune cells, such as γδ T-cells. To study this, splenic CD3(+) γδ T-cells were isolated from αβ T-cell-deficient C57BL/6 mice and mitochondria isolated from wild type mouse livers. MTDs were isolated from mitochondria by sonication and centrifugation. Gamma delta T-cells were incubated with various concentrations of MTDs (0-500 µg/ml) for 24 h. T-cells were phenotyped for TLR expression by flow cytometry and the supernatants assayed for cytokine and growth factor content. MTDs caused a dose-dependent increase in TLR2 and TLR4 expression by γδ T-cells. Both the percentage of cells positive for TLRs and the degree of expression increased. MTDs also induced the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, RANTES, fibroblast growth factor-basic and vascular endothelial growth factor by γδ T-cells. These findings support the concept that the MTDs released after tissue/cellular injury are capable of activating γδ T-cells, thus initiating sterile inflammation, as well as subsequent healing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Schwacha
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pal A, Srivastava N, Narain V, Agrawal G, Rani M. Effect of yogic intervention on the autonomic nervous system in the patients with coronary artery disease:a randomized controlled trial. East Mediterr Health J 2013. [DOI: 10.26719/2013.19.5.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Pal A, Srivastava N, Narain VS, Agrawal GG, Rani M. Effect of yogic intervention on the autonomic nervous system in the patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. East Mediterr Health J 2013; 19:452-458. [PMID: 24617124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study 258 patients from the Department of Cardiology in Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow were selected to participate. All had been diagnosed with coronary artery disease. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, the yoga group and the non-yoga group, 129 in each group; 208 completed the study protocol. The yogic intervention consisted of 35-40 min/day, 5 days a week over a period of 18 months in the Department of Physiology. Autonomic function testing was done in both the groups at zero time and after 18 months. We observed a statistically significant reduction in body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate (P < 0.05), i.e., a significant positive effect was observed when yoga therapy was used as an adjunct in patients with coronary artery disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Schwacha MG, Rani M, Zhang Q. Gamma delta T‐cells regulate myeloid cell activity after injury. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.648.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Schwacha
- SurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTX
- US Army Institute of Surgical ResearchFort Sam HoustonTX
| | - Meenakshi Rani
- SurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTX
| | - Qiong Zhang
- SurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTX
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gagne-Bourgue F, Aliferis K, Seguin P, Rani M, Samson R, Jabaji S. Isolation and characterization of indigenous endophytic bacteria associated with leaves of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum
L.) cultivars. J Appl Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gagne-Bourgue
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - K.A. Aliferis
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - P. Seguin
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - M. Rani
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - R. Samson
- Resource Efficient Agricultural Production (REAP) Canada; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| | - S. Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science; Macdonald Campus of McGill University; Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oppeltz RF, Rani M, Zhang Q, Schwacha MG. Gamma delta (γδ) T-cells are critical in the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase at the burn wound site. Cytokine 2012; 60:528-34. [PMID: 22831879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of morbidity and mortality following major burn can in part be attributed to immune derangements and wound healing complications. Inflammation plays an important role in wound healing, of which inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) derived nitric oxide is a central mediator. T-cells of the γδ TCR lineage have also been shown to be important in healing of the burn wound site. Nonetheless, the role of γδ T-cells in the regulation of the burn wound iNOS expression is unknown. METHODS Wildtype (WT) and δ TCR(-/-) male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to burn (3rd degree, 12.5% TBSA) or sham treatment. Three days after injury, skin samples from non-injured and the burn wound were collected and analyzed for the expression of iNOS and cytokines and chemokine levels. In a second series of experiments, WT mice were subjected to burn and left untreated or treated with the iNOS inhibitor, L-Nil. Skin cytokine and chemokine levels were assessed 3days thereafter. RESULTS Burn induced an 18-fold increase in iNOS expression at the wound site as compared to the uninjured skin of WT sham mice. In δ TCR(-/-) mice iNOS expression at the wound site was significantly lower than that of the WT group. Burn also induced increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, G-CSF, TNF-α, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1α and MIP-1β at the wound site in WT and δ TCR(-/-) mice, but G-CSF, TNF-α, and MIP-1β levels were greater in δ TCR(-/-) mice. Inhibition of iNOS activity in WT mice with L-Nil suppressed burn wound levels of IL-1β, G-CSF, and MIP-1α, whereas IL-6, TNF-α, KC, MCP-1 and MIP-1β were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS T-cells of the γδ TCR lineage significantly contribute to the up-regulation of iNOS expression which contributes to wound inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Oppeltz
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Das S, Rani M, Pandey K, Sahoo GC, Rabidas VN, Singh D, Das P. Combination of paromomycin and miltefosine promotes TLR4-dependent induction of antileishmanial immune response in vitro. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2373-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
25
|
Schwacha M, Rani M, Zhang Q. Activation of murine γδ T-cells by mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) (45.4). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.45.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gamma delta T-cells have been shown to be important in the early immunoinflammatory response to injury, which can be independent of infection. This sterile inflammatory response is in part associated with DAMPs. Mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs) have been shown to be important in trauma-induced neutrophil activation, but it is unknown whether MTDs activate other innate immune cells, such as γδ T-cells. To study this, splenic CD3+ γδ T-cells were isolated from αβ T-cell deficient C57BL/6 mice and mitochondria isolated from wildtype mouse livers. MTDs were isolated from mitochondria by sonication and centrifugation. Gamma delta T-cells were incubated with various concentrations of MTDs (0-1000 µg/ml) for 24 hr. T-cells were phenotyped for Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression by flow cytometry and the supernatants assayed for cytokine and growth factor content. MTDs caused a dose-dependent increase in TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression by γδ T-cells. Both the percentage of cells positive for TLRs and the degree of expression increased. MTDs also induced the dose-dependent production of the chemokine RANTES and the growth factors FGF and VEGF. These findings support the concept that the MTDs released after tissue/cellular injury are capable of activating γδ T-cells, thus initiating sterile inflammation as well as subsequent healing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiong Zhang
- 1Surgery, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schwacha MG, Zhang Q, Rani M, Craig T, Oppeltz RF. Burn enhances toll-like receptor induced responses by circulating leukocytes. Int J Clin Exp Med 2012; 5:136-144. [PMID: 22567174 PMCID: PMC3342708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Burn and toll-like receptors (TLR) are associated with innate immune system activation, but the impact of burn on TLR-induced inflammation responses by circulating leukocytes is unknown. To study this, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to burn (3(rd) degree, 25% TBSA) or sham procedure and 1-7 days later blood was collected. Whole blood cell suspensions were incubated for 24 hr in the presence of zymosan (TLR-2 agonist) or LPS (TLR-4 agonist). The blood cultures were responsive to TLR2 and TLR4-mediated activation, resulting in the production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, KC and RANTES. TLR2-induced KC and MIP-1β production was greater in the burn group at 3-7 days post-injury, whereas IL-6, IL-10, KC and MIP-1β were greater for TLR4-induced activation after burn. In conclusion, circulating leukocytes were responsive to TLR-induced activation and TLR-mediated inflammatory responses were enhanced 3-7 days post-injury, as evidenced by increased production of these inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Schwacha
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rani M, Schwacha MG. Aging and the pathogenic response to burn. Aging Dis 2012; 3:171-180. [PMID: 22724078 PMCID: PMC3377829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important and critical factor that contributes to the clinical outcome of burn patients. The very young and the elderly are more likely to succumb after major burn as compared to their adult counterparts. With the aging population, improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying age-associated complications after burns becomes even more demanding. It is widely accepted that elderly burn patients have significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Irrespective of the type of burn injury, the aged population shows slower recoveries and suffers more complications. Age-associated immune dysfunction, immunosenescence, may predispose the elderly burn patients to more infections, slower healing and/or to other complications. Furthermore, pre-existing, age-related medical conditions such as, pulmonary/cardiovascular dysfunctions and diabetes in the elderly are other important factors that contribute to their poorer outcomes after major burn. The present review describes the impact of aging on burn patients outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin G. Schwacha
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Martin G. Schwacha, PhD, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Surgery Mail Code 7740, San Antonio TX 78229. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oppeltz RF, Rani M, Zhang Q, Schwacha MG. Burn-induced alterations in toll-like receptor-mediated responses by bronchoalveolar lavage cells. Cytokine 2011; 55:396-401. [PMID: 21696980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Burn is associated with profound inflammation and activation of the innate immune system in multiple organ beds, including the lung. Similarly, toll-like receptors (TLR) are associated with innate immune activation. Nonetheless, it is unclear what impact burn has on TLR-induced inflammatory responses in the lung. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to burn (3rd degree, 25% TBSA) or sham procedure and 1, 3 or 7 days thereafter, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected and cells were isolated and cultured in vitro with specific TLR agonists as follows: Zymosan (TLR-2), LPS (TLR-4) and CpG-ODN (TLR-9). Supernatants were collected 48 h later and assayed for inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES) by Bioplex. RESULTS BAL fluid from sham and burn mice did not contain detectable cytokine levels. BAL cells, irrespective of injury, were responsive to TLR-2 and TLR-4 activation. Seven days after burn, TLR-2 and TLR-4 mediated responses by BAL cells were enhanced as evidenced by increased production of IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1β and RANTES. CONCLUSIONS Burn-induced changes in TLR-2 and TLR-4 reactivity may contribute to the development of post-burn complications, such as acute lung injury (ALI) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Oppeltz
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ramachandran R, Rani M, Senthan S, Jeong YT, Kabilan S. Synthesis, spectral, crystal structure and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of imidazole/benzotriazole substituted piperidin-4-one derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1926-34. [PMID: 21397368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole/benzotriazole analogues substituted piperidin-4-one derivatives (17-26) have been synthesized. Their chemical structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. In addition, single crystal X-ray diffraction has also been recorded for compounds 21 and 23. The synthesized compounds were subjected to their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against pathogenic microbial strains. The results pointed out that compounds 19 & 24 against B. subtilis and 20 & 24 against E. coli were explored superior inhibition activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Pastille E, Didovic S, Brauckmann D, Rani M, Agrawal H, Schade FU, Zhang Y, Flohé SB. Modulation of dendritic cell differentiation in the bone marrow mediates sustained immunosuppression after polymicrobial sepsis. J Immunol 2010; 186:977-86. [PMID: 21160046 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Murine polymicrobial sepsis is associated with a sustained reduction of dendritic cell (DC) numbers in lymphoid organs and with a dysfunction of DC that is considered to mediate the chronic susceptibility of post-septic mice to secondary infections. We investigated whether polymicrobial sepsis triggered an altered de novo formation and/or differentiation of DC in the bone marrow. BrdU labeling experiments indicated that polymicrobial sepsis did not affect the formation of splenic DC. DC that differentiated from bone marrow (bone marrow-derived DC [BMDC]) of post-septic mice released enhanced levels of IL-10 but did not show an altered phenotype in comparison with BMDC from sham mice. Adoptive transfer experiments of BMDC into naive mice revealed that BMDC from post-septic mice impaired Th1 priming but not Th cell expansion and suppressed the innate immune defense mechanisms against Pseudomonas bacteria in the lung. Accordingly, BMDC from post-septic mice inhibited the release of IFN-γ from NK cells that are critical for the protection against Pseudomonas. Additionally, sepsis was associated with a loss of resident DC in the bone marrow. Depletion of resident DC from bone marrow of sham mice led to the differentiation of BMDC that were impaired in Th1 priming similar to BMDC from post-septic mice. Thus, in response to polymicrobial sepsis, DC precursor cells in the bone marrow developed into regulatory DC that impaired Th1 priming and NK cell activity and mediated immunosuppression. The absence of resident DC in the bone marrow after sepsis might have contributed to the modulation of DC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pastille
- Surgical Research, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rani M, Ramachandran R, Kabilan S. Efficient synthesis, spectral analysis and antimicrobial studies of nitrogen and sulfur containing spiro heterocycles from 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6637-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Ramachandran R, Parthiban P, Rani M, Kabilan S, Jeong YT. 1-Chloro-acetyl-2,6-bis-(2-chloro-phen-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-piperidin-4-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2284. [PMID: 21588638 PMCID: PMC3007827 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(21)H(20)Cl(3)NO(2), the piperidin-4-one ring adopts a boat conformation. The two 2-chloro-phenyl groups are approximately perpendicular to each other, making a dihedral angle of 74.07 (8)°.
Collapse
|
34
|
Oppeltz RF, Zhang Q, Rani M, Sasaki JR, Schwacha MG. Increased expression of cardiac IL-17 after burn. J Inflamm (Lond) 2010; 7:38. [PMID: 20663214 PMCID: PMC2918605 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-7-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiac dysfunction is a common complication associated with major burns. While recent findings have linked the Th-17 T-cell response to the development of autoimmune myocarditis, the role of IL-17 and the Th-17 T-cell response in the development of post-burn cardiac dysfunction remains unknown. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a major burn (3rd degree, 25% TBSA) or sham treatment. Three hours after injury plasma and tissue (i.e., heart, lung, liver, small intestine) samples were collected and analyzed for the expression of Th-17 cytokine (i.e., IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, TGF-β) levels by ELISA. Results Cardiac tissue levels of the Th-17 cytokines, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly elevated at 3 hrs after burn as compared to sham levels. IL-17 was analyzed 1, 3 and 7 days after burn and showed a return to baseline levels and without a difference in the burn group. Burn-induced alterations in the level of these cytokines in plasma or other tissues were not evident. The cardiac Th-17 cytokine response after burn injury was specific, as cardiac levels of Th-1 (IFN-γ) and Th-2 (IL-10) cytokines were not significantly affected after injury. The cardiac Th-17 response correlated with a significant increase in Troponin levels at 3 hr. after burn. Conclusion These findings indicate that early after burn, cardiac tissue is associated with significantly elevated levels of Th-17 cytokines. The early Th-17 response after burn appears to be specific for cardiac tissue and may promote myocardial inflammation and dysfunction associated with this form of trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Oppeltz
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ramachandran R, Rani M, Kabilan S, Jeong YT. 2,6-Bis(3-fluoro-phen-yl)-3-isopropyl-piperidin-4-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o1860. [PMID: 21588057 PMCID: PMC3007008 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810024414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(20)H(21)F(2)NO, the piperidine ring in each of the two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit adopts a normal chair conformation with an equatorial orientation of the 3-fluoro-phenyl groups. The dihedral angles between the two 3-fluoro-phenyl rings are 49.89 (7) and 50.35 (7)° in the two mol-ecules.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ravichandran K, Ramesh P, Rani M, Kabilan S, Ponnuswamy MN. 1-Chloro-acetyl-2,6-bis-(2-chloro-phen-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-piperidin-4-one oxime. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o1506. [PMID: 21579566 PMCID: PMC2979383 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810018489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(21)H(21)Cl(3)N(2)O(2), the piperidine ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. One of the chloro-phenyl rings is almost perpendicular to the best plane through piperidine ring, making a dihedral angle of 88.7 (1)°, whereas the other ring is twisted by 71.8 (1)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Cl and O-H⋯O inter-actions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rani M, Ramachandran R, Kabilan S. Efficient Synthesis of Novel 2,4-[Diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl]-5-spiro-4-acetyl-2-(acetylamino)-Δ 2-1,3,4-thiadiazolines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903161694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rani
- a Department of Chemistry , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Ramachandran
- a Department of Chemistry , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Kabilan
- a Department of Chemistry , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ramachandran R, Rani M, Kabilan S. 2-(2,4-Diphenyl-3-aza-bicyclo-[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidenehydrazono)-1,3-thia-zolidin-4-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o584. [PMID: 21582239 PMCID: PMC2968662 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809005339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(23)H(24)N(4)OS, the piperidine and cyclo-hexane rings adopt twin chair conformations and the phenyl groups occupy equatorial positions. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 10.25 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the formation of centrosymmetric dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Flohé SB, Agrawal H, Flohé S, Rani M, Bangen JM, Schade FU. Diversity of interferon gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in restoring immune dysfunction of dendritic cells and macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis. Mol Med 2008; 14:247-56. [PMID: 18297128 PMCID: PMC2249752 DOI: 10.2119/2007-00120.flohe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immunosuppression during polymicrobial sepsis is associated with the failure of dendritic cells (DC) to promote the polarization of T helper (Th) cells toward a protective Th1 type. The aim of the study was to test potential immunomodulatory approaches to restore the capacity of splenic DC to secrete interleukin (IL) 12 that represents the key cytokine in Th1 cell polarization. Murine polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Splenic DC were isolated at different time points after CLP or sham operation, and stimulated with bacterial components in the presence or absence of neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies, murine interferon (IFN) gamma, and/or granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). DC from septic mice showed an impaired capacity to release the pro-inflammatory and Th1-promoting cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 in response to bacterial stimuli, but secreted IL-10. Endogenous IL-10 was not responsible for the impaired IL-12 secretion. Up to 6 h after CLP, the combined treatment of DC from septic mice with IFN-gamma and GM-CSF increased the secretion of IL-12. Later, DC from septic mice responded to IFN-gamma and GM-CSF with increased expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD86, while IL-12 secretion was no more enhanced. In contrast, splenic macrophages from septic mice during late sepsis responded to GM-CSF with increased cytokine release. Thus, therapy of sepsis with IFN-gamma/GM-CSF might be sufficient to restore the activity of macrophages, but fails to restore DC function adequate for the development of a protective Th1-like immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie B Flohé
- Surgical Research, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hemant Agrawal
- Surgical Research, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Sascha Flohé
- Surgical Research, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Meenakshi Rani
- Surgical Research, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg M Bangen
- Surgical Research, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Schade
- Surgical Research, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Rani M, Husain B, Lendemans S, Schade FU, Flohé S. Haemorrhagic shock in mice--intracellular signalling and immunomodulation of peritoneal macrophages' LPS response. Immunobiology 2006; 211:711-9. [PMID: 17015146 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic shock leads to decreased proinflammatory cytokine response which is associated with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. In the present study, the effect of GM-CSF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha release and MAPkinase activation was analysed on the background of a possible immunostimulating activity of this substance. Male BALB/c mice were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mmHg for 45 min followed by resuscitation. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated 20 h after haemorrhage and incubated with 10 ng/ml GM-CSF for 6h before LPS stimulation. TNF-alpha synthesis was studied in the culture supernatants using ELISA. Phosphorylation of ERK, p38MAPK and IkappaBalpha was detected by Western blotting. LPS-induced TNF-alpha production of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased 20 h after haemorrhage in comparison to the corresponding cells of sham-operated mice. In parallel the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha was less in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from haemorrhagic mice. LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was also decreased in peritoneal macrophages isolated after haemorrhagic shock. In contrast, p38MAPK was phosphorylated more intensely after LPS-stimulation in macrophages collected from shocked mice. GM-CSF incubation elevated LPS-induced TNF-alpha response of macrophages from both sham-operated and shocked mice which was accompanied by an elevated IkappaB and ERK phosphorylation. In general, GM-CSF treatment in vitro enhanced peritoneal macrophages LPS-response both in terms of TNF-alpha synthesis and IkappaB and MAPK signalling, but the levels always stayed lower than those of GM-CSF-treated cells from sham-operated animals. In conclusion, GM-CSF preincubation could partly reactivate the depressed functions of peritoneal macrophages and may therefore exert immunostimulating properties after shock or trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rani
- Section Surgical Research Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lendemans S, Rani M, Selbach C, Kreuzfelder E, Schade FU, Flohé S. GM-CSF priming of human monocytes is dependent on ERK1/2 activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [PMID: 16420740 DOI: 10.1177/09680519060120010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to augment monocyte functions such as TNF-alpha-producing capacities confers a high immunostimulating potential to GM-CSF. In the present investigation, the mechanism of the GMCSF-mediated enhancement of monocyte cytokine production was analysed with regard to the involvement of intracellular signalling pathways. GM-CSF primes human monocytes dose- and time-dependently for enhanced LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha synthesis. Pre-incubation with 10 ng/ml GM-CSF for 6 h before LPS stimulation (10 ng/ml) caused a 3.4 +/- 1.9-fold increase in TNF-alpha release compared to unprimed controls. This was associated with increased phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and elevated nuclear levels of the NF-kappaB components p50 and p65 and NF-kappaB binding to DNA. LPS-induced AP-1 binding to DNA was also enhanced in GM-CSF-pre-incubated cells. GMCSF treatment also caused a slight increase in TLR4 expression on monocytes while CD14 expression remained unchanged. GM-CSF-priming was unaffected by inhibitors of p38 MAPK (SB203580) and lipoxygenase (NDGA). In contrast, the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein and the MEK-1 inhibitor (PD98059) abrogated GM-CSF priming of TNF-alpha release and activation of both NF-kappaB and AP-1. It is concluded that a tyrosine kinase of the GM-CSF-triggered ERK1/2 pathway augments the LPS-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Lendemans
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The ability to augment monocyte functions such as TNF-alpha-producing capacities confers a high immunostimulating potential to GM-CSF. In the present investigation, the mechanism of the GMCSF-mediated enhancement of monocyte cytokine production was analysed with regard to the involvement of intracellular signalling pathways. GM-CSF primes human monocytes dose- and time-dependently for enhanced LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha synthesis. Pre-incubation with 10 ng/ml GM-CSF for 6 h before LPS stimulation (10 ng/ml) caused a 3.4 +/- 1.9-fold increase in TNF-alpha release compared to unprimed controls. This was associated with increased phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and elevated nuclear levels of the NF-kappaB components p50 and p65 and NF-kappaB binding to DNA. LPS-induced AP-1 binding to DNA was also enhanced in GM-CSF-pre-incubated cells. GMCSF treatment also caused a slight increase in TLR4 expression on monocytes while CD14 expression remained unchanged. GM-CSF-priming was unaffected by inhibitors of p38 MAPK (SB203580) and lipoxygenase (NDGA). In contrast, the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein and the MEK-1 inhibitor (PD98059) abrogated GM-CSF priming of TNF-alpha release and activation of both NF-kappaB and AP-1. It is concluded that a tyrosine kinase of the GM-CSF-triggered ERK1/2 pathway augments the LPS-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Lendemans
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Khan K, Ahmed S, Khan Z, Rani M, Perveen S, Choudhary M, Atta-ur-Rahman BSP. First Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 3-Substituted Isocoumarins. LETT ORG CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178054640813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
45
|
Neufeld KJ, Peters DH, Rani M, Bonu S, Brooner RK. Regular use of alcohol and tobacco in India and its association with age, gender, and poverty. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 77:283-91. [PMID: 15734228 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Revised: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study provides national estimates of regular tobacco and alcohol use in India and their associations with gender, age, and economic group obtained from a representative survey of 471,143 people over the age of 10 years in 1995-96, the National Sample Survey. The national prevalence of regular use of smoking tobacco is estimated to be 16.2%, chewing tobacco 14.0%, and alcohol 4.5%. Men were 25.5 times more likely than women to report regular smoking, 3.7 times more likely to regularly chew tobacco, and 9.7 times more likely to regularly use alcohol. Respondents belonging to scheduled castes and tribes (recognized disadvantaged groups) were significantly more likely to report regular use of alcohol as well as smoking and chewing tobacco. People from rural areas had higher rates compared to urban dwellers, as did those with no formal education. Individuals with incomes below the poverty line had higher relative odds of use of chewing tobacco and alcohol compared to those above the poverty line. The regular use of both tobacco and alcohol also increased significantly with each diminishing income quintile. Comparisons are made between these results and those found in the United States and elsewhere, highlighting the need to address control of these substances on the public health agenda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Neufeld
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Agarwal A, Rani M, Saha GK, Valarmathi TM, Bahadur S, Mohanti BK, Das SN. Disregulated expression of the Th2 cytokine gene in patients with intraoral squamous cell carcinoma. Immunol Invest 2003; 32:17-30. [PMID: 12722939 DOI: 10.1081/imm-120019205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It has been seen that advanced stage oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with impaired T-cell function and higher antibody response. In order to find out if such immune disregulation is associated with alteration of T-helper (Th) type CD4+ T-cell phenotype leading to altered cytokine production, we studied the Th-like cytokine profile in 35 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and 21 normal controls. Concomitant expression of both Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes was studied by reverse transcription and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based amplification (RT-PCR) of mRNA extracted from freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using specific primers for Interferon (IFN)-gamma, Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Almost 63% of oral cancer patients showed polarization of a Th-like cytokine response as compared to 33% of the normal controls while 66.6% of normal controls showed a predominantly non-polarized Th0 response. Expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2 genes was more commonly seen in the early stage of the disease (p < 0.02) whereas majority of advanced stage tumours was associated with enhanced expression of IL-4 and IL-10 but not IFN-gamma and IL-2 genes. Patients with lymphnode metastases and poorly differentiated tumours expressed IL-4 and IL-10 more frequently with concomitant suppression of IFN-gamma and IL-2 genes. It seems therefore, that the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma leads to polarization of cytokine gene expression that is skewed towards the Th1-like response in the early stage. However, increasing tumour load and lymphnode invasion suppresses Th1 cytokine genes, thus skewing it toward a Th2-like cytokine response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sankar C, Rani M, Srivastava AK, Mishra B. Chitosan based pentazocine microspheres for intranasal systemic delivery: development and biopharmaceutical evaluation. Pharmazie 2001; 56:223-6. [PMID: 11265588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioadhesive chitosan microspheres (Ms) of pentazocine (Pz) for intranasal systemic delivery were prepared with the aim of avoiding the first pass effect, and thus improving the bioavailability and achieving sustained and controlled blood level profiles, as an alternative therapy to injection and to obtain improved therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of chronic pain such as cancer, trauma and post-operative pain, etc. The formulation variables were drug loading, polymer concentration, stirring rate during crosslinking and oils. The microspheres (Ms) were subjected to evaluation for physical characteristics, such as particle size, incorporation efficiency, swelling ability, in vitro bioadhesion, in vitro drug release characteristics and in vivo performance in rabbits. Application of in vitro data to various kinetic equations indicated matrix diffusion controlled drug delivery from chitosan Ms. Drug loading, polymer concentration and stirring speed influenced the drug release profiles significantly while oils had negligible effect. In vivo studies indicated significantly improved bioavailability of Pz from Ms with sustained and controlled blood level profiles as compared to i.v., oral and nasal administration of drug solution. Good correlation was observed between in vitro and in vivo data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sankar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The stability of recombinant plasmid carrying genes for naphthalene mineralization was determined. A strain of Pseudomonas putida capable of mineralizing naphthalene (Nap+) via salicylate (Sal+) was isolated, and all regulatory and structural genes for the whole pathway were found to be encoded on a 25 kb EcoRI fragment of an approximately 83 kb plasmid present in this strain. The 25 kb EcoRI fragment was cloned into a tetracycline-resistant (TcR) cloning vector pLAFR3 and the recombinant plasmid, pRKJ3 (Nap+, Sal+, TcR), thus obtained was transferred into the plasmid-free strain Pseudomonas putida KT2442 in order to test the stability of the plasmid. Plasmid pRKJ3 was found to be segregationally and/or structurally unstable, depending on the growth conditions. Two types of novel derivative strains having the phenotypes Nap-, Sal+, TcR and Nap-, Sal-, TcR with specific deletions of approximately 2 kb and 18 kb, respectively, were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Samanta
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
We present here the results obtained by applying several different methods to quantitatively measure regularities in protein sequences based on pair-preferences. We have studied the distribution of amino acid residues, singly as well as in pairs in a large data base and have attempted this task. We confirmed the existence of well-defined pair-preferences in proteins which were shown to be remarkably absent in simulated random sequences of similar amino acid distribution. The analysis of the sequences from the SWISS-PROT data base using simple statistical tests. Fourier analysis, fractal analysis and statistical thermodynamical tests were used to derive parameters to define a natural sequence. As a consequence of the existence of pair-preferences, parameters like fractal dimension (D), spectral exponent (beta), scaling parameter (H) and entropy (statistical) were found to be characteristic for natural sequences. For a reference state we chose a randomised state devoid of any pair-preference. The pair-preferences qualified well to be used as quantitative measures of regularities in protein sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
A Moraxella sp. strain VG45 capable of utilizing o-phthalate and salicylate as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated. The degradation of o-phthalate occurs via phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxyphthalate dehydrogenase, 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase and protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase. Salicylate is degraded via salicylate 5-hydroxylase, gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase and then by a glutathione-independent maleylpyruvate hydrolase. Further, a plasmid of app. 60 kilobase pairs (kb) is involved in the degradation of the o-phthalate and salicylate and the enzymes of these two pathways are independently regulated in strain VG45.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rani
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|