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Evaluating the hepatitis B vaccination impact in the Republic of Moldova: A nationwide representative serosurvey of children born in 2013. IJID REGIONS 2024; 10:60-66. [PMID: 38384785 PMCID: PMC10881275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The WHO European Region set targets for the control of hepatitis B through immunization, including prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at ≤0.5% in vaccinated cohorts. The Republic of Moldova implemented universal hepatitis B vaccination since 1995. We conducted a nationwide representative serosurvey to estimate HBsAg seroprevalence in children born in 2013 to validate hepatitis B control targets. Methods We used probability-based sampling and a two-stage cluster design. All children born in 2013 and registered in primary healthcare facilities were eligible for participation. We tested blood samples of all participants for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Anti-HBc-positive samples were tested for HBsAg and HBsAg-positive samples confirmed, using ELISA. We obtained information on hepatitis B vaccination from vaccination cards. Results Of 3352 sampled children, 3064 (91%) participated. Most participating children were 7 years old (n = 3030, 99%), 1426 (48%) were girls. The weighted, national seroprevalence estimate was 3.1% (95% confidence interval = 2.1-4.5) for anti-HBc and 0.21% (95% confidence interval = 0.08-0.53) for HBsAg. Conclusion The study demonstrated the impact of hepatitis B vaccination and allowed the Republic of Moldova to validate regional hepatitis B control targets. Other countries with high vaccination coverage could use hepatitis B serosurveys and apply for validation. Sustained efforts in the Republic of Moldova will be crucial on the path to hepatitis B elimination.
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Wearable Device Health Data Mapping to Open mHealth and FHIR Data Formats. Stud Health Technol Inform 2023; 305:341-344. [PMID: 37387034 DOI: 10.3233/shti230500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Health data collected by wearables and apps can be useful as part of patient-generated health data (PGHD) or personal health data for medical diagnosis or general health monitoring. Mobile health apps are more and more accepted, generate evidence and might be increasingly used in personal medicine. Data retrieved from wearables and apps are mostly not following a medical data standard and cannot be retrieved from the vendors in a straightforward way. The present work started the implementation of a Digital Health Convener and described the process to collect data from several wearables - starting with Fitbit data - and transforms this data to standardized JSON files following the Open mHealth (OmH) IEEE and the HL7 FHIR standard. The project achieved is provided as open source and can be extended and used in future projects to generate OmH and FHIR conform PGHD.
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Epidemiology of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Germany between March 2020 and May 2022. J Hosp Infect 2023; 134:108-120. [PMID: 36738991 PMCID: PMC9894679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks in healthcare facilities played a pivotal role in the course of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM To investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks in hospitals, outpatient care, and rehabilitation facilities in Germany from March 2020 to May 2022. METHODS Data from the German mandatory notification system were used to describe outbreaks by number of cases and case fatality ratio (CFR), and outbreak cases by age and gender. Using Pearson correlation, the dynamics of cases in the general population were compared with cases in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks before and after the start of the vaccination campaign. Additionally, a counterfactual scenario was used to estimate numbers of prevented HAI cases, using the phase before vaccination as baseline. FINDINGS By the end of May 2022, 8941 healthcare-associated outbreaks were observed with 73,626 cases: 51,504 in hospitals, 15,524 in outpatient care, and 6598 in rehabilitation facilities. Median number of cases per outbreak was 4 (range: 2-342) and cases were more frequently reported in women with 46,818 (63.6%). Overall CFR was 8.1%, higher in men (12.4%) than in women (5.7%). After the vaccination campaign was fully introduced, the association between increasing incidence in the general population and consecutive outbreak cases was decreased by a factor of 10. Furthermore, our counterfactual analysis suggests that more than 55,000 outbreak cases could have been prevented until the end of 2021. CONCLUSION The vaccination campaign in combination with non-pharmaceutical measures was key to reduce number, size and CFR of healthcare-associated outbreaks.
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SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in hospitals and long-term care facilities in Germany: a national observational study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 14:100303. [PMID: 35043103 PMCID: PMC8759004 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Outbreaks of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in hospitals and long-term care facilities (LTCFs) pose serious public health threats. We analysed how frequency and size of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in hospitals and LTCFs have altered since the beginning of the pandemic, in particular since the start of the vaccination campaign. Methods We used mandatory notification data on SARS-CoV-2 cases in Germany and stratified by outbreak cases in hospitals and LTCFs. German vaccination coverage data were analysed. We studied the association of the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and outbreak cases with SARS-CoV-2 cases in Germany throughout the four pandemic waves. We built also counterfactual scenarios with the first pandemic wave as the baseline. Findings By 21 September 2021, there were 4,147,387 SARS-CoV-2 notified cases since March 2020. About 20% of these cases were reported as being related to an outbreak, with 1% of the cases in hospitals and 4% in LTCFs. The median number of outbreak cases in the different phases was smaller (≤5) in hospitals than in LTCFs (>10). In the first and second pandemic waves, we observed strong associations in both facility types between SARS-CoV-2 outbreak cases and total number of notified SARS-CoV-2 cases. However, during the third pandemic wave we observed a decline in outbreak cases in both facility types and only a weak association between outbreak cases and all cases. Interpretation The vaccination campaign and non-pharmaceutical interventions have been able to protect vulnerable risk groups in hospitals and LTCFs. Funding No specific funding.
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Bugs That Can Resist Antibiotics but Not Men: Gender-Specific Differences in Notified Infections and Colonisations in Germany, 2010-2019. Microorganisms 2021; 9:894. [PMID: 33922011 PMCID: PMC8143559 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from surveillance networks show that men have a higher incidence rate of infections with anti-microbial-resistant (AMR) pathogens than women. We systematically analysed data of infections and colonisations with AMR pathogens under mandatory surveillance in Germany to quantify gender-specific differences. We calculated incidence-rates (IR) per 100,000 person-years for invasive infections with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and for infections or colonisations with carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. (CRA), and Enterobacterales (CRE), using the entire German population as a denominator. We limited the study periods to years with complete notification data (MRSA: 2010-2019, CRA/CRE: 2017-2019). We used Poisson regression to adjust for gender, age group, federal state, and year of notification. In the study periods, IR for all notifications were 4.2 for MRSA, 0.90 for CRA, and 4.8 for CRE per 100,000 person--years. The adjusted IR ratio for infections of men compared to women was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2-2.3) for MRSA, 2.2 (95%CI: 1.9-2.7) for CRA, and 1.7 (95%CI: 1.6-1.8) for CRE. Men in Germany show about double the risk for infection with AMR pathogens than women. This was also true for colonisations, where data were available. Screening procedures and associated hygiene measures may profit from a gender-stratified approach.
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Abstract
We determined secondary attack rates (SAR) among close contacts of 59 asymptomatic and symptomatic coronavirus disease case-patients by presymptomatic and symptomatic exposure. We observed no transmission from asymptomatic case-patients and highest SAR through presymptomatic exposure. Rapid quarantine of close contacts with or without symptoms is needed to prevent presymptomatic transmission.
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Are men who have sex with men in Europe protected from hepatitis B? Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e27. [PMID: 32052715 PMCID: PMC7026898 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) in many countries, but information on vaccine coverage is scarce. We studied hepatitis B vaccination programmes and coverage among MSM in Europe to guide prevention. From a large (N = 174 209) pan-European MSM survey (EMIS-2010), we used data on self-reported hepatitis B vaccination, age, education, settlement size and disclosure of the same-sex sexual orientation ('outness'). We excluded participants with a history of hepatitis B. In multilevel (participants, countries) logistic regression models, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We analysed data of 163 987 MSM in 38 European countries: 38.3% were 'out' to all or almost all, 56.4% reported vaccination against hepatitis B and 65.5% lived in countries with free recommended hepatitis B vaccination for MSM. In the final model the odds for being vaccinated increased with outness ('out to all or almost all': aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.70-1.83 vs. 'out to no one') and with living in countries, where hepatitis B vaccination was recommended and free-of-charge for MSM (aOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.47-3.32 vs. 'no or unclear recommendation'). To increase hepatitis B vaccination coverage among MSM, implementation of MSM-specific recommendations and improvement of the societal climate for MSM is needed.
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A multi-technique analytical approach to sourcing Scandinavian flint: Provenance of ballast flint from the shipwreck "Leirvigen 1", Norway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200647. [PMID: 30089119 PMCID: PMC6082525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Scandinavian flint is one of the most important materials used for prehistoric stone tool production in Northern and Central Europe, a conclusive method for securely differentiating between flint sources, geologically bound to northern European chalk formations, has never been achieved. The main problems with traditional approaches concern the oftentimes high similarities of SiO2 raw materials (i.e. chert and flint) on different scales due to similar genetic conditions and higher intra- than inter-source variation. Conventional chert and flint provenance studies chiefly concentrate on visual, petrographic or geochemical investigations. Hence, attempts to generate characteristic fingerprints of particular chert raw materials were in most cases unsatisfying. Here we show that the Multi Layered Chert Sourcing Approach (MLA) achieves a clear differentiation between primary sources of Scandinavian flint. The MLA combines visual comparative studies, stereo-microscopic analyses of microfossil inclusions, geochemical trace element analyses applying LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and statistical analyses through CODA (Compositional Data Analysis). For archaeologists, provenance studies are the gateway to advance interpretations of economic behavior expressed in resource management strategies entailing the procurement, use and distribution of lithic raw materials. We demonstrate the relevance of our results for archaeological materials in a case study in which we were able to differentiate between Scandinavian flint sources and establish the provenance of historic ballast flint from a shipwreck found near Kristiansand close to the shore of southern Norway from a beach source in Northern Jutland, the Vigsø Bay.
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„Also ich bin nicht recht überzeugt von der Richtigkeit dieser Fragebögen“: Qualitative Studie zu Inhaltsvalidität und Machbarkeit häufig verwendeter Fragebögen zur Messung der Lebensqualität bei Patienten über 65 Jahre mit Hüftfraktur. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Perspektiven von Patienten nach einem prolongierten Aufenthalt auf Intensivstation bezüglich einer Intensiv-Nachsorgeambulanz: eine qualitative Interviewstudie. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Psychische Gesundheit, Lebensqualität und Rückkehr in das Arbeitsleben bei Überlebenden eines ARDS – 3 Monate nach dem Intensivaufenthalt. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Versorgungsqualität auf deutschen Intensivstationen – Ergebnisse der DACAPO-Studie. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1586635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
During both early and late stages of chronic renal insufficiency the response of BCKA to the disease state, as indicated by plasma levels, differs from that of BCAA. Val is the only BCAA whose concentration changes under the conditions of our study, and this only during the more advanced stages of disease. In contrast, all three BCKA declined, KIVA and KICA even in mild renal failure, showing that already during the early stages of the disease these BCKA levels are decreased. BCKA are more sensitive parameters than the corresponding amino acids with regard to the metabolic dysfunctions characteristic of this disease. Modern analytical methods allow more exact and reliable knowledge of these indicators and thus a better understanding of biochemical mechanisms, possibly resulting in better therapy.
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Amino acid profiles during prolonged dietary protein restriction. CONTRIBUTIONS TO NEPHROLOGY 2015; 81:188-93. [PMID: 2093496 DOI: 10.1159/000418752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Pre-clinical endodontic training with artificial instead of extracted human teeth: does the type of exercise have an influence on clinical endodontic outcomes? Int Endod J 2014; 48:888-93. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A target-orientated algorithm for regional citrate-calcium anticoagulation in extracorporeal therapies. Blood Purif 2011; 33:7-20. [PMID: 22085810 DOI: 10.1159/000332394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrate anticoagulation offers several advantages in comparison to conventional anticoagulation. Most algorithms for regional citrate-calcium anticoagulation are based on citrate and calcium chloride infusion coupled in a fixed proportion to the blood flow without considering the hematocrit (Hct)/plasma flow or the filter clearance of citrate and calcium. METHODS The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for optimized citrate anticoagulation in extracorporeal therapies such as dialysis. A mathematical model was developed to calculate the volume of citrate infusion required to achieve a desired ionized calcium (iCa) target level in the extracorporeal circuit and to restore the total calcium level to a physiological value. RESULTS The model was validated by correlation analyses for different blood Hct values and shows an excellent fit to the laboratory measurements. CONCLUSION The results for both iCa target concentrations, namely those after citrate and calcium infusion, proved that the software algorithm adapts well to variable treatment parameters.
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Extracorporeal dialysis: techniques and adequacy. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Physicochemical properties of lipid nanoparticles: Effect of lipid and surfactant composition. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:815-24. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.545414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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IKKα controls canonical TGFβ-SMAD signaling to regulate genes expressing SNAIL and SLUG during EMT in Panc1 cells. Development 2011. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.062646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Isolation and identification of ester impurities in RG7128, an HCV polymerase inhibitor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:710-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Suspensions-Technologien für die extrakorporale Blutreinigung - Ein Spagat zwischen hoher Effizienz und Patientensicherheit. CHEM-ING-TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Vesicular phospholipid gel-based depot formulations for pharmaceutical proteins: Development and in vitro evaluation. J Control Release 2010; 142:319-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Phase I/II clinical studies with rapamycin analogs in breast and other cancers have demonstrated favorable responses. However, little is known on the effects of the mTOR inhibitor on breast cancer cell metastasis, which is a major cause of morbidity and death. We developed a highly sensitive 3-dimensional (3D) proliferation/invasion assay using quantitative bioluminescence (BL) imaging and applied this assay to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231. Without cytotoxicity of rapamycin on this cell line, rapamycin at 10nM inhibited the cell migration/invasion, but not at 1nM and 100nM, which was confirmed by the time-lapse single cell tracking analysis. The quantification of cytoskeleton changes showed most potent effects of 10nM rapamycin on the MDA-MB231 cells, with the formation and rearrangement of specialized cell membrane structures and actin fiber implicated in cell motility. Then, the Panorama Cell Signaling Antibody Microarray, enabling the global comparative analysis of cell signal proteins simultaneously, was exploited to analyze the effects of rapamycin on the cellular signaling network of the MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line. 100nM rapamycin activated the MAPK pathway obviously, through the attenuated negative feedback of activated S6K1 to PI3K-Raf, which increased the expressions of activated Jun N-terminus kinase (JNK), Erk1/2, MEK-1, Raf-pS621, and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2) in the cells exposed to 100nM rapamycin. MEK inhibitor U0126 or PD98059 could restore the anti-migration effects of 100nM rapamycin on the MDA-MB231 cells. Furthermore, the combination of MEK inhibitors and rapamycin performed synergism on inhibiting the cell proliferation and migration/invasion. Accordingly, rapamycin at a certain dose suppresses MDA-MB231 cell migration/invasion, and the co-targeting of mTOR and MAPK pathways enhances the inhibition on cell proliferation and migration/invasion, underscoring the potential therapeutic utility of rapamycin, and rapamycin combining with MAPK inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer progression, and the results highlight the cross-talk homeostasis of mTOR and MAPK pathways in cancer treatment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5080.
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Chemical stability of 4′-azidocytidine and its prodrug balapiravir. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040903225075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV polymerase NS5B. Part 4: structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzo[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5652-6. [PMID: 19709881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzo[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxides were designed and evaluated as inhibitors of HCV polymerase NS5B. Structure-based design led to the incorporation of a high affinity methyl sulfonamide group. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of this series revealed analogues with submicromolar potencies in the HCV replicon assay and moderate pharmacokinetic properties. SAR studies combined with structure based drug design focused on the sulfonamide region led to a novel and potent cyclic analogue.
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Non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV polymerase NS5B. Part 2: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of benzothiazine-substituted quinolinediones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3642-6. [PMID: 19457662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A new series of benzothiazine-substituted quinolinediones were evaluated as inhibitors of HCV polymerase NS5B. SAR studies on this series revealed a methyl sulfonamide group as a high affinity feature. Analogues with this group showed submicromolar potencies in the HCV cell based replicon assay. Pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies were also performed on a selected compound (34) to evaluate in vivo properties of this new class of inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase.
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Large-Scale Production of Liposomes of Defined size by a New Continuous High Pressure Extrusion Device. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049409042681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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32
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Physicochemical Properties of the Nucleoside Prodrug R1626 Leading to High Oral Bioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:683-91. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040701836636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Bedeutung der perkutanen endoskopisch kontrollierten Gastrostomie zur Prophylaxe und Therapie der Ösophagotrachealfistel nach Langzeitintubation. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1002552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Perioperative Atemtherapie: Bronchospasmolytische Aktivität und Nebenwirkungen von β-Sympathikomimetika der neueren Generation. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Palliation bei Knochentumoren. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Abstract
In the extracorporeal adsorption system, MDS (Microspheres based Detoxification System), micro-adsorbent particles measuring 1-25 micrometers circulate in a filtrate circuit for highly specific blood purification/adsorption. The MDS circuit containing the adsorbent microparticles is linked to the patient's blood line by a hollow fiber plasma filter. When the transmembrane pressure or the shear forces due to the red blood cells in the hollow fiber filter are too high, they can be damaged and hemoglobin will be released. In order to detect free hemoglobin (fHb) by optical means, we have designed a new flow-dynamic filter system, placed in the microadsorbent circuit for continuous separation of microparticles from the filtrate. In the flow dynamic filter, we use a high velocity liquid vortex to remove sedimentation and particle plugs on the filter membrane. In our investigations, 3 and 8 micron cellulose nitrate filter membranes for particle separation are used. The obtained particle free bypass filtrate flow rates are typically 0.5 and 0.8 ml/min respectively. The typical sensitivity for fHb detection by the applied noninvasive optical method is 0.15 g/dL. Medical safety regulations require a fail-safe mechanism for fHb detection which monitors the bypass filtrate flow in the flowdynamic filter and shuts down the system in case of membrane occlusion. The bypass filtrate flow is monitored by periodically occluding and releasing the bypass line by means of a clamp. The resulting back pressure profile gives information about the actual filtration rate. This safety principle was proven by statistical analysis and shows its clear functionality.
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Abstract
The rates of hydrolysis of valganciclovir to ganciclovir and L-valine and isomerization of the R and S diastereomers of valganciclovir in aqueous buffer solution from pH 3.8 to 11.5 were determined at 37 degrees C. The kinetics of hydrolysis were first order for at least two half-lives in neutral and basic solutions. In acidic solutions where less than 10% degradation occurred, the rate of hydrolysis was determined assuming a first-order loss in drug. At 37 degrees C and pH 7.08, the half life is 11 h. The maximum stability at the pH values studied occurred at pH 3.81 with a half life of 220 days. The kinetics of the approach to equilibrium for the isomerization were first order and the ratio of the R:S isomer at equilibrium was 52:48. Isomerization was approximately 10 fold faster than hydrolysis over the pH range studied with a half-life at pH 7.01 of 1 h. The maximum stability toward isomerization (t1/2>533 h) occurs at a pH below 3.8. The pH-rate profile for the hydrolysis and the isomerization reaction are best described by hydroxide ion catalyzed mechanisms. In acidic and neutral solutions, the hydroxide reacts with the protonated form of the drug, while in basic solutions, the hydroxide reacts with the neutral form of the drug.
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New technologies of blood purification treatment. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Porcine gastric mucin binds to recombinant norovirus particles and competitively inhibits their binding to histo-blood group antigens and Caco-2 cells. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 41:315-20. [PMID: 16162137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if human noroviruses (NV) bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) from pig gastric mucosa. METHODS AND RESULTS An assay was developed to measure the inhibition of binding of recombinant norovirus-like particles (rNVLP) to HBGA in human saliva by porcine gastric mucin (PGM). The binding of rNVLP to HBGA could be inhibited by PGM in a dose-dependent pattern. Also, rNVLP could be captured effectively by PGM coated directly on plates and was detected by binding of polyclonal antibodies against rNVLP. Similarly, the binding of rNVLP to PGM could be inhibited effectively by HBGA in human saliva, and by Lewis b and Lewis d synthetic oligosaccharides (OS), but not inhibited effectively by an H3 OS or by purified bovine submaxillary gland mucin. Preincubation of rNVLPs with PGM completely inhibited their binding to human Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS PGM binds effectively to rNVLPs and competitively inhibits rNVLPs binding to human HBGA and Caco-2 cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of the binding of glycoproteins from animal gastric mucosa to human NVs. This study highlights the importance of further characterizing the NV incidence and infections in nonhuman animal hosts and the possibility that NV is a zoonotic disease.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A microsphere-based detoxification system is an adsorption system, whereby microadsorbent particles having diameters of 1-20 microm circulate in an extracorporeal filtrate circle. A thin-wall hollow-fiber membrane filter separates the microparticle-plasma suspension from the bloodstream. For patient safety, it is necessary to have a means to detect membrane ruptures that could lead to a release of microparticles into the patient's bloodstream. METHODS An optical detection system was developed to monitor the venous bloodstream for the presence of microparticles from the filtrate circuit. For detection purposes, cellulose microspheres, both ferromagnetic and fluorescence labeled, were included with the microsphere adsorbant particles. In the case of a membrane rupture, the labeled particles would also be released into the bloodstream. By illuminating a small volume of blood with an excitation wavelength (590 nm) of the fluorescence marker, the particles can be detected by their emission light at 620 nm. The detector sensitivity is increased by collecting the ferromagnetic and fluorescently labeled microparticles using a magnetic trap. The efficiency of magnetic trap arrangements was tested by adjusting the magnet placements. RESULTS In vitro experiments were performed by pumping whole blood and labeled microparticles through the fluorescence detector. The efficiency of a magnetic trap arrangement was determined. With an optimal trap setup, 5-10 microl of labeled microparticles can be clearly detected in streaming whole blood. CONCLUSION An easy to handle microparticle detector was developed, ready for use in particle based blood detoxification systems. The microparticle detection system fulfills the medical and technical requirements to bring the MDS into clinical tests.
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Platelet P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa expression after liver transplantation and resection. Transpl Int 2004; 17:442-8. [PMID: 15316595 DOI: 10.1007/s00147-004-0747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2003] [Revised: 02/12/2004] [Accepted: 06/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet dysfunction contributes to haemostatic defects, possibly leading to bleeding complications. We hypothesised that liver transplantation and liver resection, together with portal clamping time, might be a potential stimulus for platelet activation. Therefore, we determined the expression of platelet GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin, representing important platelet activation markers, and the thrombopoietin (TPO) serum level after transplantation and resection. Twenty patients [ten that had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), ten with liver resection (LRX)] were included in the study. From sequential venous blood samples, surface expression of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin was quantified by flow cytometry, and TPO serum levels were determined by ELISA. Baseline GPIIb/IIIa receptor expression on circulating platelets was significantly reduced in the OLT group compared to the LRX group and healthy volunteers. GPIIb/IIIa expression after activation with TRAP-6 increased significantly ( P<0.001) in the LRX group but not in the OLT group. P-selectin expression after TRAP-6 stimulation increased significantly ( P<0.001) in the LRX group, being comparable to that in healthy volunteers, whereas only a very low increase in the OLT group was found. In the OLT group, TPO serum levels were in the lower normal range and rose above the upper limit of normal values 24 h after reperfusion. These data indicate that neither liver transplantation nor liver resection influences GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin expression on circulating platelets. There was a lack of expression in cirrhotic patients and unimpaired baseline expression and functional reserve in non-cirrhotic liver-resection patients. After liver transplantation, increasing serum TPO levels, which indicated a recovering graft function, resulted in rising peripheral platelet counts.
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Chemical Reactivity of Ro-26-9228, 1α-Fluoro-25-hydroxy-16,23E-diene-26,27-bishomo-20-epi-cholecalciferol in Aqueous Solution. J Pharm Sci 2003; 92:1981-9. [PMID: 14502538 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of Ro-26-9228, 1alpha-fluoro-25-hydroxy-16,23E-diene-26,27-bishomo-20-epi-cholecalciferol, 2, was studied in aqueous solution in the pH range of 1.17-10.56 and in alcohol solutions, at 25, 40, and 50 degrees C. The degradation of Ro-26-9228 was found to be acid catalyzed and to be independent of potassium acetate buffer concentration. Above pH 4, the reaction rate is independent of pH, with a T90 of 14.3 h at 25 degrees C in pH 7.75 buffer. 19F nuclear magnetic resonance was used to study the ratio of the vitamin (6-s-trans) to previtamin form in acetonitrile at 40 degrees C. The equilibrium percentage of previtamin and the rate of approach to equilibrium were 13.8% and 0.2 h(-1), respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to elucidate the structure of the degradation products. Novel products were formed from the elimination of the fluorine and addition of solvent to C9, with formation occurring through the previtamin form. Additional degradation products result from reaction of the side chain 25-hydroxyl and addition of solvent to C1.
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Comparison of Four Blood Sampling Sites for Flow-Cytometric Analysis of Platelet Function. Transfus Med Hemother 2003. [DOI: 10.1159/000071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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5-Fluorouracil in vesicular phospholipid gels for anticancer treatment: entrapment and release properties. Int J Pharm 2003; 256:123-31. [PMID: 12695018 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular phospholipid gels (VPG), i.e. highly concentrated liposomal dispersions, are suitable for entrapping substances such as anticancer drugs with particular high encapsulation efficiencies (EE). We prepared different formulations of VPG with 30% (w/w) lipid containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by high pressure homogenization and analysed their EE and drug release. Using mixtures of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol with molar ratios ranging from 55/45 to 75/25, a decreasing amount of cholesterol correlated with an increasing EE, which is probably due to a reduced amount of smaller vesicles and number of lamellae. Using a 5-FU solution of pH 8.6 for VPG preparation, an EE of approximately 40% was found after redispersion of the gel to a liposomal dispersion and separation of free drug from liposomal drug by size exclusion chromatography. The reduced EE for preparations with lower pH values was attributed to a fast initial drug release due to the increased drug lipophilicity below the pK(a) value of 8. After redispersion of a VPG of pH 8.0, an initially faster release of about a third of the entrapped drug was found during the first 20 min, followed by stable entrapment over many hours. The rapid initial release may be due to the portion of liposomes smaller than 40 nm in diameter, determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. Cryo electron microscopic pictures show a lentil-like shape of these small liposomes. The membrane defects on the edges are probably the reason for the very high initial drug release rate. The half-life time of the release of 5-FU from intact FU-VPG at both pH 7.4 and 8.0 was found to be in the order of 4-5 h and the kinetics are typical for matrix-controlled drug diffusion. The in vitro data of 5-FU loaded VPG suggest their applicability as implants with controlled release properties or, after redispersion, as intravenously injected liposomal formulations.
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Influence of ferrous sulfate on the solubility, partition coefficient, and stability of mycophenolic acid and the ester mycophenolate mofetil. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2002; 28:1275-83. [PMID: 12476873 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120015361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies were performed to (1) evaluate whether the presence of iron affected the physicochemical properties of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and mycophenolic acid (MPA), and (2) determine whether alteration of these properties was indicative of formation of an MMF-iron complex. The solubility, stability (chemical reactivity), and partitioning properties of MMF and MPA were evaluated over a pH range of 2-7 in the presence and absence of ferrous sulfate. In addition, the solubility and partitioning properties of MMF were assessed after the MMF drug product, CellCept capsules, was combined with an iron tablet (Fero-Gradumet, ferrous sulfate, tablets). The results of studies showed that: The solubility of MMF in the presence of ferrous sulfate was generally unaffected over a pH range of 2-7; a small increase in solubility was observed in pH 5.2 buffer solution. The solubility of MPA decreased in pH 5.2 and 7.0 buffer solutions. Both MMF and MPA were more stable in the presence of ferrous sulfate at pH 2.0; ferrous sulfate had no effect on the stability of MMF and MPA at pH 7.0. Overall, the partitioning of MMF and MPA was unaffected by the addition of ferrous sulfate. The solubility and partitioning of MMF from CellCept capsules combined with Fero-Gradumet (ferrous sulfate) tablets showed a twofold increase in aqueous solubility of MMF as well as increased concentration of MMF in both the n-octanol and aqueous phases, leading to a decrease in the octanol/water partition coefficient due to a reduction in pH of the aqueous phase. Based on these results, it was concluded that the physicochemical properties of MMF and MPA were generally not affected by the presence of ferrous sulfate. Further, the presence of ferrous sulfate did not suggest the formation of an MMF-iron complex.
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beta.-Deuterium secondary isotope effects in heterolytic decarboxylation reactions. Manifestations of negative hyperconjugation. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00371a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Change in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of gemcitabine in human tumor xenografts upon entrapment in vesicular phospholipid gels. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2002; 49:356-66. [PMID: 11976829 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-002-0428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2001] [Accepted: 01/09/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution and antitumor activity of a new liposomal formulation of gemcitabine (GemLip) were compared to the conventional (clinical) formulation of gemcitabine (GemConv). METHODS Gemcitabine was entrapped in a vesicular phospholipid gel (VPG) consisting of densely packed liposomes. Redispersed VPG containing GemLip consisted of 33% liposomally entrapped and 67% free gemcitabine. The in vivo efficacies of GemLip and GemConv were compared using the subcutaneously growing human soft tissue sarcoma SXF 1301 and the orthotopically growing human bladder cancer BXF 1299T. PK and biodistribution were evaluated using radiolabeled drug and lipid in SXF 1301 tumor-bearing nude mice. RESULTS GemLip was highly active in SXF 1301 at a gemcitabine dose of 6-9 mg/kg (days 1, 8 and 15; dose near the MTD). In the 6-mg/kg groups, complete tumor remissions were observed in seven of eight mice. Equimolar doses of GemConv resulted in only moderate tumor growth inhibition. Even at equitoxic doses (360 mg/kg given on days 1, 8 and 15, or 120 mg/kg on days 1, 5 and 8) GemConv was less active than GemLip. Furthermore, GemLip was active in the orthotopically growing BXF 1299T bladder cancer model at 6 mg/kg and prevented distant organ metastasis. In the PK study, GemLip achieved a 35-fold higher plasma AUC (1680 mg x h/ml) than GemConv (47.6 mg x h/ml). The serum half-lives were 0.15 h for free gemcitabine and 13.3 h for liposomal gemcitabine (6 mg/kg each i.v.). Moreover, gemcitabine levels in tumors were fourfold higher following injection of GemLip than following injection of GemConv. CONCLUSIONS GemLip is a highly effective gemcitabine delivery system which results in superior gemcitabine pharmacodynamics and PK than GemConv. The enhanced in vivo efficacy might be explained by sustained release and passive tumor targeting.
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