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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Snail transcription factors - Characteristics, regulation and molecular targets relevant in vital cellular activities of ovarian cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024:119705. [PMID: 38513918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Snail transcription factors play essential roles in embryonic development and participate in many physiological processes. However, these genes have been implicated in the development and progression of various types of cancer. In epithelial ovarian cancer, high expression of these transcription factors is usually associated with the acquisition of a more aggressive phenotype and thus, considered to be a poor prognostic factor. Numerous molecular signals create a complex network of signaling pathways regulating the expression and stability of Snails, which in turn control genes involved in vital cellular functions of ovarian cancer cells, such as invasion, survival, proliferation and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Kielbik M, Przygodzka P, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Snail transcription factors as key regulators of chemoresistance, stemness and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189003. [PMID: 37863122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancies among women. The reason for this outcome is the frequent acquisition of cancer cell resistance to platinum-based drugs and unresponsiveness to standard therapy. It has been increasingly recognized that the ability of ovarian cancer cells to adopt more aggressive behavior (mainly through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT), as well as dedifferentiation into cancer stem cells, significantly affects drug resistance acquisition. Transcription factors in the Snail family have been implicated in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and metastasis. In this article, we summarize published data that reveal Snail proteins not only as key inducers of the EMT in ovarian cancer but also as crucial links between the acquisition of ovarian cancer stem properties and spheroid formation. These Snail-related characteristics significantly affect the ovarian cancer cell response to treatment and are related to the acquisition of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Przygodzka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szulc-Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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Przygodzka P, Soboska K, Sochacka E, Pacholczyk M, Braun M, Kassassir H, Papiewska-Pająk I, Kielbik M, Boncela J. Neuromedin U secreted by colorectal cancer cells promotes a tumour-supporting microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:193. [PMID: 36482448 PMCID: PMC9733105 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromedin U (NMU) was identified as one of the hub genes closely related to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and was recently shown to be a motility inducer in CRC cells. Its autocrine signalling through specific receptors increases cancer cell migration and invasiveness. Because of insufficient knowledge concerning NMU accessibility and action in the tumour microenvironment, its role in CRC remains poorly understood and its potential as a therapeutic target is still difficult to define. METHODS NMU expression in CRC tissue was detected by IHC. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to analyse gene expression in CRC. mRNA and protein expression was detected by real-time PCR, immunoblotting or immunofluorescence staining and analysed using confocal microscopy or flow cytometry. Proteome Profiler was used to detect changes in the profiles of cytokines released by cells constituting tumour microenvironment after NMU treatment. NMU receptor activity was monitored by detecting ERK1/2 activation. Transwell cell migration, wound healing assay and microtube formation assay were used to evaluate the effects of NMU on the migration of cancer cells, human macrophages and endothelial cells. RESULTS Our current study showed increased NMU levels in human CRC when compared to normal adjacent tissue. We detected a correlation between high NMUR1 expression and shorter overall survival of patients with CRC. We identified NMUR1 expression on macrophages, endothelial cells, platelets, and NMUR1 presence in platelet microparticles. We confirmed ERK1/2 activation by treatment of macrophages and endothelial cells with NMU, which induced pro-metastatic phenotypes of analysed cells and changed their secretome. Finally, we showed that NMU-stimulated macrophages increased the migratory potential of CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose that NMU is involved in the modulation and promotion of the pro-metastatic tumour microenvironment in CRC through the activation of cancer cells and other tumour niche cells, macrophages and endothelial cells. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Przygodzka
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Soboska
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland ,grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Sochacka
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland ,grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Pacholczyk
- grid.6979.10000 0001 2335 3149Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Hassan Kassassir
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Papiewska-Pająk
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbik
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Boncela
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. E-Cadherin Expression in Relation to Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214383. [PMID: 36430858 PMCID: PMC9695266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that loss/reduction of E-cadherin expression on tumor cells promotes their migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. It is also an indicator of cancer cells' aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to assess how the expression of E-cadherin varies in primary ovarian cancer tissue in regard to overall survival of patients; FIGO stage; grade; histopathological type of tumor; and potential factors discriminating malignant and nonmalignant ovarian tumors. Our analysis was based on literature research (1 January 2000-8 November 2021) conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Most studies support the assumption that loss/reduced expression of E-cadherin results in shorter overall survival of EOC patients. Moreover, most research has shown that there is a correlation between the low level of E-cadherin and the advancement stage of disease, especially in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma type. However, E-cadherin expression seems to not be helpful to distinguish malignant and nonmalignant tumors. In conclusion, reduced E-cadherin expression in primary ovarian cancer tissue may indicate a less favorable disease outcome and is associated with high advancement of the disease.
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Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving entity that consists not only of cancer cells, but also of resident host cells and immune-infiltrating cells, among which macrophages are significant components, due to their diversity of functions through which they can influence the immune response against tumor cells. Macrophages present in tumor environment are termed as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They are strongly plastic cells, and depending on the TME stimuli (i.e., cytokines, chemokines), TAMs polarize to antitumoral (M1-like TAMs) or protumoral (M2-like TAMs) phenotype. Both types of TAMs differ in the surface receptors' expression, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and ability of production and various metabolites release. At the early stage of tumor formation, TAMs are M1-like phenotype, and they are able to eliminate tumor cells, i.e., by reactive oxygen species formation or by presentation of cancer antigens to other effector immune cells. However, during tumor progression, TAMs M2-like phenotype is dominating. They mainly contribute to angiogenesis, stromal remodeling, enhancement of tumor cells migration and invasion, and immunosuppression. This wide variety of TAMs' functions makes them an excellent subject for use in developing antitumor therapies which mainly is based on three strategies: TAMs' elimination, reprograming, or recruitment inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Kielbik M, Nowak M, Klink M. The implication of IL-6 in the invasiveness and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. Systematic review of its potential role as a biomarker in ovarian cancer patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188639. [PMID: 34695534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is strongly implicated in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. The most recognized actions of IL-6 in ovarian cancer (OC) cells are the induction of cell proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis. Equally important is its ability to enhance the migratory and invasive potential of OC cells. Moreover, the increased expression and secretion of this cytokine positively correlates with OC cell chemoresistance. Elevated concentrations of IL-6 are observed in the serum and ascites of ovarian cancer patients. Thus, its level is discussed in the literature as a potential biomarker that can help to discriminate malignant and nonmalignant ovarian tumors and allow for the prediction of the chemotherapy response. The importance of IL-6 in ovarian cancer is proved by the fact that this cytokine is a potential target to anti-cancer therapy. This review is divided into two parts. The first summarizes the general biological activity of IL-6, and overviews its impact on OC cells, as well as discusses the current proposition of IL-6 inclusion in combination of anti-OC therapy. The second part is a systematic review of IL-6 as a possible biomarker in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szulc-Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Nowak
- Dept. of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., Lodz, Poland; Dept. of Operative and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Impact of Selected Signaling Proteins on SNAIL 1 and SNAIL 2 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines in Relation to Cells' Cisplatin Resistance and EMT Markers Level. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020980. [PMID: 33478150 PMCID: PMC7835952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been increasingly recognized that SNAIL1 and SNAIL2, as major EMT-inducers, might also be involved in drug resistance of cancer cells. We sought to determine a relation between SNAIL1/2, E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression, as well as ovarian cancer cells’ resistance to cisplatin and EMT markers’ level. Thus, four ovarian cancer cell lines, were used: A2780, A2780cis, SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3. We assessed the impact of ERK1/2, AKT and STAT3 proteins (chosen by the profiling activity of over 40 signaling proteins) on SNAIL1/2 expression, along with E-cadherin and N-cadherin levels. We showed that expression of SNAIL1 and N-cadherin are the highest in cisplatin-resistant A2780cis and SK-OV-3 cells, while high SNAIL2 and E-cadherin levels were observed in cisplatin-sensitive A2780 cells. The highest E-cadherin level was noticed in OVCAR-3 cells. SNAIL1/2 expression was dependent on ERK1/2 activity in cisplatin-resistant and potentially invasive SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. STAT-3 regulates expression of SNAIL1/2 and leads to the so-called “cadherin switch” in cancer cells, independently of their chemoresistance. In conclusion, SNAIL1, but not SNAIL2, seems to be involved in ovarian cancer cells’ cisplatin resistance. STAT3 is a universal factor determining the expression of SNAIL1/2 in ovarian cancer cells regardless of their chemoresitance or invasive capabilities.
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Calreticulin-Multifunctional Chaperone in Immunogenic Cell Death: Potential Significance as a Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:130. [PMID: 33440842 PMCID: PMC7827772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of death, which has the hallmarks of necroptosis and apoptosis, and is best characterized in malignant diseases. Chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy induce intracellular stress response pathways in tumor cells, leading to a secretion of various factors belonging to a family of damage-associated molecular patterns molecules, capable of inducing the adaptive immune response. One of them is calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-associated chaperone. Its presence on the surface of dying tumor cells serves as an "eat me" signal for antigen presenting cells (APC). Engulfment of tumor cells by APCs results in the presentation of tumor's antigens to cytotoxic T-cells and production of cytokines/chemokines, which activate immune cells responsible for tumor cells killing. Thus, the development of ICD and the expression of CRT can help standard therapy to eradicate tumor cells. Here, we review the physiological functions of CRT and its involvement in the ICD appearance in malignant disease. Moreover, we also focus on the ability of various anti-cancer drugs to induce expression of surface CRT on ovarian cancer cells. The second aim of this work is to discuss and summarize the prognostic/predictive value of CRT in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.S.-K.); (M.K.)
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Brzostek A, Gatkowska J, Kielbik M, Klink M. Determination of in vitro and in vivo immune response to recombinant cholesterol oxidase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunol Lett 2020; 228:103-111. [PMID: 33166528 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidase (ChoD) is an enzyme that is involved but is dispensable in the process of cholesterol degradation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Interestingly, ChoD is a virulence factor of Mtb, and it strongly modulates the function of human macrophages in vitro, allowing the intracellular survival of bacteria. Here, we determined the immunogenic activity of recombinant ChoD from Mtb in a mouse model. We found that peritoneal exudate cells obtained from mice injected i.p. with ChoD but not those from mice injected with PBS responded in vitro with highly spontaneous, as well as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, ChoD significantly reduced the ROS response to PMA in re-stimulated cells in vitro. The cytokine secretion pattern in mice immunized s.c. with ChoD emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) showed evidence of Th2-induced or proinflammatory immune responses. The main cytokines detected in sera were interleukin (IL) 6 and 5, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, while IL-2 and IL-12 as well as interferon γ were undetectable. Similarly, ChoD protein alone activated THP-1-derived macrophages to release proinflammatory IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, in vitro. Moreover, a statistically significant predominance of the IgG1 isotype over that of IgG2a in the sera of mice immunized with ChoD/IFA was observed. In conclusion, we demonstrated here that ChoD of Mtb is an active protein, which is able to induce the immune response both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Brzostek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Gatkowska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Wilczynski M, Kielbik M, Senderowska D, Krawczyk T, Szymanska B, Klink M, Bieńkiewicz J, Romanowicz H, Frühauf F, Malinowski A. MiRNA-103/107 in Primary High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Its Clinical Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092680. [PMID: 32961797 PMCID: PMC7563310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of miRNA-103/107 are associated with poor outcomes in the case of breast cancer patients. MiRNA-103/107-DICER axis may be one of the key regulators of cancer aggressiveness. MiRNA-103/107 expression levels have never been related to patients' clinicopathological data in epithelial ovarian cancer. We aimed to assess miRNA-103/107 expression levels in high grade serous ovarian cancer tissues. Expression levels of both miRNAs were related to the clinicopathological features and survival. We also evaluated expression levels of miRNA-103/107 and DICER in selected ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780cis, SK-OV-3, OVCAR3). We assessed the relative expression of miRNA-103/107 (quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) in fifty archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of primary high grade serous ovarian cancer. Then, miRNA-103/107 and DICER expression levels were evaluated in selected ovarian cancer cell lines. Additionally, DICER, N-/E-cadherin protein levels were assessed with the use of western blot. We identified miRNA-107 up-regulation in ovarian cancer in comparison to healthy tissues (p = 0.0005). In the case of miRNA-103, we did not observe statistically significant differences between cancerous and healthy tissues (p = 0.07). We did not find any correlations between miRNA-103/107 expression levels and clinicopathological features. Kaplan-Meier survival (disease-free and overall survival) analysis revealed that both miRNAs could not be considered as prognostic factors. SK-OV-3 cancer cell lines were characterized by high expression of miRNA-103/107, relatively low expression of DICER (western-blot), and relatively high N-cadherin levels in comparison to other ovarian cancer cell lines. Clinical and prognostic significance of miRNA-103/107 was not confirmed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Wilczynski
- Department of Operative Gynecology, Endoscopy and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 281 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-2711131
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Daria Senderowska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Al. Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (T.K.); (H.R.)
| | - Bozena Szymanska
- The Central Laboratory of Medical University in Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Jan Bieńkiewicz
- Department of Operative Gynecology, Endoscopy and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 281 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Hanna Romanowicz
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (T.K.); (H.R.)
| | - Filip Frühauf
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Andrzej Malinowski
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University in Lodz, Al. Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. IRAK1 and IRAK4 signaling proteins are dispensable in the response of human neutrophils to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5614973. [PMID: 31702785 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of neutrophils in the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is not as well recognized as the involvement of macrophages and dendritic cells. Thus, this study gives more insight on the impact of the virulent Mtb H37Rv strain on proapoptotic and proinflammatory functions of human neutrophils in vitro. We found that neutrophils are not able to kill Mtb during the infection process, probably due to the lack of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in response to bacteria. However, infected neutrophils effectively released cytokines, chemoattractant interleukin (IL) 8 and proinflammatory IL-1β. Moreover, Mtb enhanced the early apoptosis of neutrophils at 2 h postinfection. Additionally, this proapoptotic and proinflammatory response of neutrophils to Mtb infection occurred in an IRAK1- and IRAK4-independent manner. We also found that Mtb did not affect the surface expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and slightly enhanced the surface expression of TLR4, but did not influence mRNA levels of both TLRs during the infection process. In conclusion, we show that the inhibition of signaling proteins activated by MyD88-dependent pathway did not participate in the biological activity of neutrophils against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. The Potential Role of iNOS in Ovarian Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1751. [PMID: 30970628 PMCID: PMC6479373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production, is not present in most cells under normal conditions. The expression of its mRNA, as well as its protein synthesis and full enzymatic activity, undergoes multilevel regulation including transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, the availability of iNOS substrate and cofactors and oxygen tension. However, in various malignant diseases, such as ovarian cancer, the intracellular mechanisms controlling iNOS are dysregulated, resulting in the permanent induction of iNOS expression and activation. The present review summarizes the multistaged processes occurring in normal cells that promote NO synthesis and focuses on factors regulating iNOS expression in ovarian cancer. The possible involvement of iNOS in the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer and its potential as a prognostic/predictive factor in the course of disease development are also reviewed. According to the available yet limited data, it is difficult to draw unequivocal conclusions on the pros and cons of iNOS in ovarian cancer. Most clinical data support the hypothesis that high levels of iNOS expression in ovarian tumors are associated with a greater risk of disease relapse and patient death. However, in vitro studies with various ovarian cancer cell lines indicate a correlation between a high level of iNOS expression and sensitivity to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Izabela Szulc-Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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Kielbik M, Krzyzanowski D, Pawlik B, Klink M. Cisplatin-induced ERK1/2 activity promotes G1 to S phase progression which leads to chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19847-19860. [PMID: 29731988 PMCID: PMC5929431 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between ERK1/2 activity and cisplatin cytotoxicity, in association with the cell cycle, in ovarian cancer cell lines resistant (A2780cis; SK-OV-3) and sensitive (A2780) to cisplatin was determined. We observed that cisplatin, at a low concentration enhanced the activation of ERK1/2 in A2780 cells and increased their accumulation in the S phase, resulting in low cytotoxicity. A high concentration of drug induced dephosphorylation and degradation of ERK1/2 and was extremely toxic, accumulating most of to these cells in the sub-G1 phase. The PD98059, pharmacological inhibitor of ERK1/2 activation, increased the cytotoxicity of cisplatin applied at a low concentration to A2780 cells (decreased ERK1/2 activity), causing shift of cell accumulation from the S to G1 phase. Surprisingly, PD98059 enhanced cell viability when a chemotherapeutic was used at high concentration, intensifying phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 and reversing cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 to promote the G1 and S phases. A2780cis cells demonstrated resistance to cisplatin with high ERK1/2 activity and accumulation of cells in the G1 and S phases. PD98059 sensitized resistant cells to drug toxicity during the first 24 hours of treatment, with blocked ERK1/2 phosphorylation and prevented progression from the G1 to S phase. SK-OV-3 resistant cells characterized with extremely high basal phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which wasn't changed after exposure to cisplatin. Administration of PD98059 didn't change the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in these cells. In conclusion, ERK1/2, activated by cisplatin, participates in the cell cycle progression from the G1 to S phase, enhancing cells’ survival and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Bartlomiej Pawlik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.,Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Pawelczyk J, Kielbik M, Kremer L, Dziadek J, Klink M. Severe inhibition of lipooligosaccharide synthesis induces TLR2-dependent elimination of Mycobacterium marinum from THP1-derived macrophages. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:217. [PMID: 29183333 PMCID: PMC5706390 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although mycobacterial glycolipids are among the first-line molecules involved in host–pathogen interactions, their contribution in virulence remains incomplete. Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne pathogen of fish and other ectotherms, closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Since it causes tuberculosis-like systemic infection it is widely used as a model organism for studying the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. It is also an occasional opportunistic human pathogen. The M. marinum surface-exposed lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are immunogenic molecules that participate in the early interactions with macrophages and modulate the host immune system. Four major LOS species, designated LOS-I to LOS-IV, have been identified and characterized in M. marinum. Herein, we investigated the interactions between a panel of defined M. marinum LOS mutants that exhibited various degrees of truncation in the LOS structure, and human-derived THP-1 macrophages to address the potential of LOSs to act as pro- or avirulence factors. Results A moderately truncated LOS structure did not interfere with M. marinum invasion. However, a deeper shortening of the LOS structure was associated with increased entry of M. marinum into host cells and increased elimination of the bacilli by the macrophages. These effects were dependent on Toll-like receptor 2. Conclusion We provide the first evidence that LOSs inhibit the interaction between mycobacterial cell wall ligands and appropriate macrophage pattern recognition receptors, affecting uptake and elimination of the bacteria by host phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szulc-Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pawelczyk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Laurent Kremer
- IRIM (ex-CPBS)-UMR 9004, Research Institute of Infectiology of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232, Lodz, Poland.
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Kielbik M, Klink M. Ferulic acid but not alpha-lipoic acid effectively protects THP-1-derived macrophages from oxidant and pro-inflammatory response to LPS. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:330-337. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1369100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Faculty of Cosmetology, The Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care, Warsaw, Poland
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Nowak M, Glowacka E, Kielbik M, Kulig A, Sulowska Z, Klink M. Secretion of cytokines and heat shock protein (HspA1A) by ovarian cancer cells depending on the tumor type and stage of disease. Cytokine 2016; 89:136-142. [PMID: 26868087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising several tumor types that each have multiple histopathological features and different biological behaviors. Recent morphologic and molecular genetic studies have allowed for the categorization of various types of ovarian cancer into two groups: type I and type II. Type I tumors are low-grade and are genetically more stable, while type II tumors are high-grade and genetically unstable. The determination of the type of ovarian cancer may have implications in terms of the appropriate therapeutic strategy because different prognoses and responses to chemotherapeutic agents are observed. Therefore, the current challenge is better recognition of the features of cancer cells, which may result in more individualized therapy. The aim of the current studies was to compare the ability of ovarian cancer cells isolated from tumors, which were classified as type I or type II ovarian cancer, to release pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines and heat shock protein (HspA1A). These factors are known to facilitate tumor cell survival, invasion and metastasis. Our studies demonstrated that ovarian cancer cells isolated from patients with type II tumors released high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines (i.e., interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β) and HspA1A in vitro. Conversely, ovarian cancer cells obtained from of type I tumors were significantly less active. We did not observe any difference in the ability of the isolated cancer cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, regardless of the type of ovarian cancer. In this study, we found that cancer cells from patients with type II tumors demonstrated more intense activity in regards to survival and metastasis, which should be considered during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nowak
- Department of Operating Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Glowacka
- Center of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kulig
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Sulowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Brzezinska M, Kielbik M, Brzostek A, Dziadek J, Kania K, Sulowska Z, Krupa A, Klink M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA is indispensable for inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent bactericidal activity of THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro. FEBS J 2015; 282:1289-306. [PMID: 25639683 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge about the mechanisms utilized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive inside macrophages is still incomplete. One of the mechanism that protects M. tuberculosis from the host's microbicidal products and allows bacteria to survive involves DNA repair systems such as the homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways. It is accepted that any pathway that contributes to genome maintenance should be considered as potentially important virulence factor. In these studies, we investigated reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages infected with wild-type M. tuberculosis, with an HR-defective mutant (∆recA), with an NHEJ-defective mutant [∆(ku,ligD)], with a mutant defective for both HR and NHEJ [∆(ku,ligD,recA)], or with appropriate complemented strains. We also assessed the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2 in the response of macrophages to infection with the above-mentioned strains, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. We found that mutants lacking RecA induced a greater bactericidal response by macrophages than did the wild-type strain or an NHEJ-defective mutant, and activated ERK1/2 was involved only in the response of macrophages to recA deletion mutants [∆(ku,ligD,recA) and ∆recA]. We also demonstrated that only the triple mutant induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, HR-defective mutants induced lower amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α secretion than did the wild-type or ∆(ku,ligD). Our results indicate that RecA contributes to M. tuberculosis virulence, and also suggest that diminished ERK1/2 activation in macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis possessing recA may be an important mechanism by which wild-type mycobacteria escape intracellular killing.
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Bednarska K, Kielbik M, Sulowska Z, Dziadek J, Klink M. Cholesterol oxidase binds TLR2 and modulates functional responses of human macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:498395. [PMID: 25120288 PMCID: PMC4121183 DOI: 10.1155/2014/498395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidase (ChoD) is considered to be an important virulence factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but its influence on macrophage activity is unknown. Here we used Nocardia erythropolis ChoD, which is very similar to the Mtb enzyme (70% identity at the amino-acid level), to evaluate the impact of bacterial ChoD on the activity of THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro. We found that ChoD decreased the surface expression of Toll-like receptor type 2 (TLR2) and complement receptor 3 (CR3) on these macrophages. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed that ChoD competed with lipoteichoic acid for ligand binding sites on TLR2 but not on CR3, suggesting that ChoD signaling is mediated via TLR2. Binding of ChoD to the membrane of macrophages had diverse effects on the activity of macrophages, activating p38 mitogen activated kinase and stimulating production of a large amount of interleukin-10. Moreover, ChoD primed macrophages to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species in response to the phorbol myristate acetate, which was reduced by "switching off" TLR-derived signaling through interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 and 4 inhibition. Our study revealed that ChoD interacts directly with macrophages via TLR2 and influences the biological activity of macrophages during the development of the initial response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bednarska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Sulowska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
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Kielbik M, Klink M, Brzezinska M, Szulc I, Sulowska Z. Nitric oxide donors: spermine/NO and diethylenetriamine/NO induce ovarian cancer cell death and affect STAT3 and AKT signaling proteins. Nitric Oxide 2013; 35:93-109. [PMID: 24055735 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The important features of cancer cells are uncontrolled growth and proliferation, as well as the ability to metastasis. These features depend mainly on the constant overexpression and activity of various cell signaling proteins, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and serine-threonine protein kinase AKT proteins. Nitric oxide (NO) has the potential of being anti-tumoral agent, however the exact character of anti-tumoral action of NO is still a matter of debate. In our research we used two NO donors, belonging to NONOates family, with different half-life times: spermine nitric oxide complex hydrate (SPER/NO t1/2=39min) and diethylenetriamine nitric oxide adduct (DETA/NO, t1/2=20h). We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of aforementioned NO donors on SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as their effect on posttranslational modification of STAT3 and AKT proteins in these cells. We found that both NO donors present cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines, mainly through the induction of apoptosis. What is more, at the high concentration and longer exposure time they were also capable of inducing late apoptosis/necrosis. Both NO donors inhibited STAT3 and AKT3 proteins phosphorylation and down regulated their cytosolic levels, with DETA/NO being stronger inhibitor. We suggests, that NO donors have the potential to act as anti-tumoral agent through inhibiting cancer cell signaling and reducing their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Klink M, Brzezinska M, Szulc I, Brzostek A, Kielbik M, Sulowska Z, Dziadek J. Cholesterol oxidase is indispensable in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73333. [PMID: 24039915 PMCID: PMC3767793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research effort, the molecular mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) virulence remain unclear. Cholesterol oxidase (ChoD), an extracellular enzyme capable of converting cholesterol to its 3-keto-4-ene derivative, cholestenone, has been proposed to play a role in the virulence of Mtb. Here, we verified the hypothesis that ChoD is capable of modifying the bactericidal and pro-inflammatory activity of human macrophages. We also sought to determine the contribution of complement receptor 3 (CR3)- and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated signaling pathways in the development of macrophage responses to Mtb. We found that intracellular replication of an Mtb mutant lacking a functional choD gene (ΔchoD) was less efficient in macrophages than that of the wild-type strain. Blocking CR3 and TLR2 with monoclonal antibodies enhanced survival of ΔchoD inside macrophages. We also showed that, in contrast to wild-type Mtb, the ΔchoD strain induced nitric oxide production in macrophages, an action that depended on the TLR2, but not the CR3, signaling pathway. Both wild-type and mutant strains inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the ΔchoD strain did so to a significantly lesser extent. Blocking TLR2-mediated signaling abolished the inhibitory effect of wild-type Mtb on ROS production by macrophages. Wild-type Mtb, but not the ΔchoD strain, decreased phorbol myristate acetate-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), which are involved in both TLR2- and CR3-mediated signaling pathways. Our finding also revealed that the production of interleukin 10 by macrophages was significantly lower in ΔchoD-infected macrophages than in wild-type Mtb-infected macrophages. However, tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages was the same after infection with mutant or wild-type strains. In summary, we demonstrate here that ChoD is required for Mtb interference with the TLR2-mediated signaling pathway and subsequent intracellular growth and survival of the pathogen in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Brzezinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szulc
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Brzostek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Sulowska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Brzezinska M, Szulc I, Brzostek A, Klink M, Kielbik M, Sulowska Z, Pawelczyk J, Dziadek J. The role of 3-ketosteroid 1(2)-dehydrogenase in the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 23425360 PMCID: PMC3599626 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence suggests that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) uses the host’s cholesterol as a source of carbon and energy during infection. Strains defective in cholesterol transport or degradation exhibit attenuated growth in activated macrophages and diminished infectivity in animal models. The aim of this study was to evaluate intracellular replication of a cholesterol degradation-deficient Mtb mutant in human macrophages (MØ) in vitro and assess the functional responses of Mtb mutant-infected MØ. Results A mutant Mtb H37Rv strain containing an inactivated kstD gene (∆kstD), which encodes 3-ketosteroid 1(2)-dehydrogenase (KstD), was previously prepared using the homologous recombination-based gene-replacement technique. A control strain carrying the kstD gene complemented with an intact kstD was also previously constructed. In this study, human resting MØ were obtained after overnight differentiation of the human monocyte-macrophage cell line THP-1. Resting MØ were further activated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The ability of the kstD-defective Mtb mutant strain to replicate intracellularly in human MØ was evaluated using a colony-forming assay. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by MØ infected with wild-type or ∆kstD strains was detected using Griess reagent and chemiluminescence methods, respectively. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 by MØ after infection with wild-type or mutant Mtb was examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We found that replication of mutant Mtb was attenuated in resting MØ compared to the wild-type or complemented strains. Moreover, the mutant was unable to inhibit the NO and ROS production induced through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling in infected resting MØ. In contrast, mutant and wild-type Mtb behaved similarly in MØ activated with IFN-γ before and during infection. Conclusions The Mtb mutant ∆kstD strain, which is unable to use cholesterol as a source of carbon and energy, has a limited ability to multiply in resting MØ following infection, reflecting a failure of the ∆kstD strain to inhibit the TLR2-dependent bactericidal activity of resting MØ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Brzezinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106 93-232, Lodz, Poland
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Kielbik M, Klink M, Sulowska Z. NONOates: Short-acting spermine/NO and long-acting diethylenetriamine/NO, exert cytotoxic and growth inhibition effects on SK-OV-3 and OVCAR 3 cancer cell lines. Nitric Oxide 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Klink M, Kielbik M, Nowak M, Bednarska K, Sulowska Z. JAK3, STAT3 and CD3-zeta signaling proteins status in regard to the lymphocytes function in patients with ovarian cancer. Immunol Invest 2012; 41:382-98. [PMID: 22221142 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2011.640376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Several groups of author have published that, in most cases of carcinoma, circulating lymphocytes are unable to carry out immune functions successfully. A molecular mechanism responsible for T lymphocytes defective reactivity in cancer patients is not completely defined. We evaluated whether the impaired function of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from ovarian cancer patients could be associated with signaling elements such as JAK3, STAT3 and CD3-zeta chain. The study addressed to the simultaneous expression and phosphorylation status of mentioned molecules evaluation in regard to lymphocyte function in patients with advanced ovarian cancer has not yet been demonstrated by others. We found that PBLs of cancer patients showed lower JAK3, CD3-zeta molecules expression levels, as well as lower STAT3 and CD3-zeta phosphorylation levels than cells of control. The lower proliferative response and IL-2 production capacity of cancer patients PBLs in comparison with that of the control group cells were the functional consequences of reported in this study signaling abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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