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Ghani MI, Ahanger MA, Sial TA, Haider S, Siddique JA, Fan R, Liu Y, Ali EF, Kumar M, Yang X, Rinklebe J, Chen X, Lee SS, Shaheen SM. Almond shell-derived biochar decreased toxic metals bioavailability and uptake by tomato and enhanced the antioxidant system and microbial community. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172632. [PMID: 38653412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of almond shell-derived biochar (ASB) in immobilizing soil heavy metals (HMs) and its impact on soil microbial activity and diversity have not been sufficiently studied. Hence, a pot study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of ASB addition at 2, 4, and 6 % (w/w) on soil biochemical characteristics and the bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants, as compared to the control (contaminated soil without ASB addition). The addition of ASB promoted plant growth (up to two-fold) and restored the damage to the ultrastructure of chloroplast organelles. In addition, ASB mitigated the adverse effects of HMs toxicity by decreasing oxidative damage, regulating the antioxidant system, improving soil physicochemical properties, and enhancing enzymatic activities. At the phylum level, ASB addition enhanced the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes while decreasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. Furthermore, ASB application increased the relative abundance of several fungal taxa (Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota) while reducing the relative abundance of Basidiomycota in the soil. The ASB-induced improvement in soil properties, microbial community, and diversity led to a significant decrease in the DTPA-extractable HMs down to 41.0 %, 51.0 %, 52.0 %, and 35.0 % for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively, as compared to the control. The highest doses of ASB (ASB6) significantly reduced the metals content by 26.0 % for Cd, 78.0 % for Cu, 38.0 % for Pb, and 20.0 % for Zn in the roots, and 72.0 % for Cd, 67.0 % for Cu, 46.0 % for Pb, and 35.0 % for Zn in the shoots, as compared to the control. The structural equation model predicts that soil pH and organic matter are driving factors in reducing the availability and uptake of HMs. ASB could be used as a sustainable trial for remediation of HMs polluted soils and reducing metal content in edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Ghani
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Geo-resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | | | - Tanveer Ali Sial
- Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh 70060, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junaid Ali Siddique
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruidong Fan
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yanjiang Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Geo-resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China.
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Qin C, Lian H, Zhang B, He Z, Alsahli AA, Ahanger MA. Synergistic influence of selenium and silicon supplementation prevents the oxidative effects of arsenic stress in wheat. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133304. [PMID: 38159516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Influence of supplementation of selenium (Se, 1 and 5 µM) and silicon (Si, 0.1 and 0.5 mM) was investigated in wheat under arsenic (30 µM As) stress. Plants grown under As stress exhibited a significant decline in growth parameters however, Se and Si supplementation mitigated the decline significantly. Treatment of Se and Si alleviated the reduction in the intermediate components of chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and the content of photosynthetic pigments. Arsenic stressed plants exhibited increased reactive oxygen species accumulation and the NADPH oxidase activity which were lowered significantly due to Se and Si treatments. Moreover, Se and Si supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and activity of lipoxygenase and protease under As stress. Supplementation of Se and Si significantly improved the antioxidant activities and the content of cysteine, tocopherol, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid. Treatment of Se and Si alleviated the reduction in nitrate reductase activity. Exogenously applied Se and Si mitigated the reduction in mineral elements and reduced As accumulation. Hence, supplementation of Se and Si is beneficial in preventing the alterations in growth and metabolism of wheat under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhan He
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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Lian H, Qin C, Shen J, Ahanger MA. Alleviation of Adverse Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism in Mungbean ( Vigna radiata) by Sulphur and Nitric Oxide Involves Up-Regulation of Antioxidant and Osmolyte Metabolism and Gene Expression. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3082. [PMID: 37687329 PMCID: PMC10490269 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the alleviatory effect of nitric oxide (50 µM) and sulphur (S, 1 mM K2SO4) were studied in Vigna radiata. Drought stress reduced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophylls, carotenoids and the content of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur. The foliar applications of NO and sulphur each individually alleviated the decline, with a greater alleviation observed in seedlings treated with both NO and sulphur. The reduction in intermediates of chlorophyll synthesis pathways and photosynthesis were alleviated by NO and sulphur. Oxidative stress was evident through the increased hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and activity of lipoxygenase and protease which were significantly assuaged by NO, sulphur and NO + sulphur treatments. A reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase was mitigated due to the application of NO and the supplementation of sulphur. The endogenous concentration of NO and hydrogen sulphide (HS) was increased due to PEG; however, the PEG-induced increase in NO and HS was lowered due to NO and sulphur. Furthermore, NO and sulphur treatments to PEG-stressed seedlings further enhanced the functioning of the antioxidant system, osmolytes and secondary metabolite accumulation. Activities of γ-glutamyl kinase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were up-regulated due to NO and S treatments. The treatment of NO and S regulated the expression of the Cu/ZnSOD, POD, CAT, RLP, HSP70 and LEA genes significantly under normal and drought stress. The present study advocates for the beneficial use of NO and sulphur in the mitigation of drought-induced alterations in the metabolism of Vigna radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huida Lian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi 046000, China; (H.L.); (C.Q.)
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Qin C, Shen J, Ahanger MA. Corrigendum: Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis by up-regulating ascorbate-glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1239602. [PMID: 37560026 PMCID: PMC10408440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039480.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, China
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Ghani MI, Ali A, Atif MJ, Ali M, Ahanger MA, Chen X, Cheng Z. Different leafy vegetable cropping systems regulate growth, photosynthesis, and PSII functioning in mono-cropped eggplant by altering chemical properties and upregulating the antioxidant system. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1132861. [PMID: 37143885 PMCID: PMC10151761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cropping of eggplant threatened regional ecological sustainability by facilitating replanting problems under mono-cropping conditions. Therefore, alternative agronomic and management practices are required to improve crop productivity at low environmental cost for the development of sustainable agricultural systems in different regions. This study examined changes in soil chemical properties, eggplant photosynthesis, and antioxidant functioning in five different vegetable cropping systems over a 2-year period., 2017 and 2018. The results showed that welsh onion-eggplant (WOE), celery-eggplant (CE), non-heading Chinese cabbage-eggplant (NCCE), and leafy lettuce-eggplant (LLE) rotation systems significantly impacted growth, biomass accumulation, and yield than fallow-eggplant (FE). In addition, various leafy vegetable cropping systems, WOE, CE, NCCE, and LLT induced significant increases in soil organic matter (SOM), available nutrients (N, P, and K), and eggplant growth by affecting the photosynthesis and related gas exchange parameters with much evident effect due to CE and NCCE. Moreover, eggplant raised with different leafy vegetable rotation systems showed higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and hence reduced oxidative damage to membranes. In addition, fresh and dry plant biomass was significantly increased due to crop rotation with leafy vegetables. Therefore, we concluded that leafy vegetable crop rotation is a beneficial management practice to improve the growth and yield of eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Ghani
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen, ; Zhihui Cheng,
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen, ; Zhihui Cheng,
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Mir RA, Argal S, Ahanger MA, Jatav KS, Agarwal RM. Differential activity of wheat antioxidant defense system and alterations in the accumulation of osmolytes at different developmental stages as influenced by marigold ( Tagetes erecta L.) leachates. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1001394. [PMID: 36531349 PMCID: PMC9751799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectivity of Tagetes erecta L. leachates on various growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters of wheat at different stages of growth. Results suggested that Triticum aestivum L. seedlings/plants when exposed to higher concentrations of marigold leachates (10%, 20%, and 30% w/v of fresh parts and 5% and 10% w/v of dry parts) exhibited enhanced lipid peroxidation along with an increase in the activity of protease and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Treatment with higher concentrations of leachates of fresh (30% w/v) and dry (10% w/v) T. erecta upregulated the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase and also increased the non-enzymatic components of antioxidant defense such as glutathione, ascorbic acid, and total phenols along with osmotic constituents comprising free proline, free sugars, and free amino acids in wheat. The growth and yield attributes of wheat exhibited a slight increase at treatments with lower concentrations (1% w/v) of dry leachates, whereas a decrease was recorded at higher concentrations (10% w/v). In general, treatments with flower leachates (higher concentrations) showed greater influence as compared with those with leaf leachates. Identification and understanding the mechanism of function of allelochemicals in these leachates may pave a way for further experimentation on Tagetes erecta L crop while it is cultivated and decomposed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surendra Argal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
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Qin C, Shen J, Ahanger MA. Supplementation of nitric oxide and spermidine alleviates the nickel stress-induced damage to growth, chlorophyll metabolism, and photosynthesis by upregulating ascorbate-glutathione and glyoxalase cycle functioning in tomato. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1039480. [PMID: 36388564 PMCID: PMC9646532 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO; 50 µM) and spermidine (Spd; 100 µM) in alleviating the damaging effects of Ni (1 mM NiSO46H2O) toxicity on the growth, chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis, and mineral content in tomato. Ni treatment significantly reduced the plant height, dry mass, and the contents of glutamate 1-semialdehyde, δ-amino levulinic acid, prototoporphyrin IX, Mg-prototoporphyrin IX, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids; however, the application of NO and Spd alleviated the decline considerably. Supplementation of NO and Spd mitigated the Ni-induced decline in photosynthesis, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Ni caused oxidative damage, while the application of NO, Spd, and NO+Spd significantly reduced the oxidative stress parameters under normal and Ni toxicity. The application of NO and Spd enhanced the function of the antioxidant system and upregulated the activity of glyoxalase enzymes, reflecting significant reduction of the oxidative effects and methylglyoxal accumulation. Tolerance against Ni was further strengthened by the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine due to NO and Spd application. The decrease in the uptake of essential mineral elements such as N, P, K, and Mg was alleviated by NO and Spd. Hence, individual and combined supplementation of NO and Spd effectively alleviates the damaging effects of Ni on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Changzhi, Changzhi, China
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Kumar S, Abass Ahanger M, Alshaya H, Latief Jan B, Yerramilli V. Salicylic acid mitigates salt induced toxicity through the modifications of biochemical attributes and some key antioxidants in capsicum annuum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Khan MIR, Chopra P, Chhillar H, Ahanger MA, Hussain SJ, Maheshwari C. Regulatory hubs and strategies for improving heavy metal tolerance in plants: Chemical messengers, omics and genetic engineering. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 164:260-278. [PMID: 34020167 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in the agricultural soil and its toxicity is a major threat for plant growth and development. HMs disrupt functional integrity of the plants, induces altered phenological and physiological responses and slashes down qualitative crop yield. Chemical messengers such as phytohormones, plant growth regulators and gasotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development under metal toxicity in plants. Understanding the intricate network of these chemical messengers as well as interactions of genes/metabolites/proteins associated with HM toxicity in plants is necessary for deciphering insights into the regulatory circuit involved in HM tolerance. The present review describes (a) the role of chemical messengers in HM-induced toxicity mitigation, (b) possible crosstalk between phytohormones and other signaling cascades involved in plants HM tolerance and (c) the recent advancements in biotechnological interventions including genetic engineering, genome editing and omics approaches to provide a step ahead in making of improved plant against HM toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofi Javed Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Kokernag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Agricultural Energy and Power Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad P, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Ahanger MA, Ashraf M, Alam P, Paray BA, Rinklebe J. Nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, mitigates mercury toxicity in different cultivars of soybean. J Hazard Mater 2021; 408:124852. [PMID: 33383453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study reveals the effect of mercury (Hg) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on plant growth and metabolism in soybean cultivars (Pusa-24, Pusa-37and Pusa-40). Mercury stress decreased growth and biomass yield, and gas exchange attributes in all soybean cultivars. External supplementation of SNP mitigated Hg toxicity by improving growth and gas exchange parameters. Electrolyte leakage (EL) increased accompanied with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 under Hg stress, however, they were found to be reduced in all cultivars upon the exogenous application of SNP. The activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase (SOD and CAT) and those enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione pathway were impaired by Hg stress, but they were regulated by the application of SNP. Accumulation of Hg and NO in the shoots and roots were also regulated by the application of NO. Although, all three cultivars were affected by Hg stress, Pusa-37 was relatively less affected. Mercury stress affected the growth and development of different soybean cultivars, but Pusa-37 being tolerant was less affected. Pusa-37 was found to be more responsive to SNP than Pusa-24, Pusa-40 under Hg toxicity. The external supplementation of SNP could be a sustainable approach to economically utilize Hg affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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12
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Ahanger MA, Qi M, Huang Z, Xu X, Begum N, Qin C, Zhang C, Ahmad N, Mustafa NS, Ashraf M, Zhang L. Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 216:112195. [PMID: 33823368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizer usage is been introduced into agricultural practices for preventing the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers. Present study investigated the beneficial role of organic fertilizer (nano-vermicompost) on the growth, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism, osmolyte accumulation and mineral elements in tomato under drought stress. Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation by triggering oxidative stress due to excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mineral uptake. Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline. Nano-vermicompost increased growth and dry matter content and ameliorated the decline in chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and PSII activity more significantly at higher concentration (100 mg kg-1 soil). ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and activities of protease and lypoxygenase were significantly reduced. Drought up-regulated antioxidant system and application of nano-vermicompost further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant components. Accumulation of osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased significantly due to nano-vermicompost application. Besides, decline in the activity of nitrate reductase and content of essential mineral elements like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous was also ameliorated by nano-vermicompost application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maodong Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziguang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuedong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Zoology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China; Islamabad Model College for Boys, Federal Directorate of Education, H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabil S Mustafa
- Department of Pomology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yaangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Qin C, Ahanger MA, Lin B, Huang Z, Zhou J, Ahmed N, Ai S, Mustafa NSA, Ashraf M, Zhang L. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of acetylcholine on salt tolerance of Nicotiana benthamiana. Phytochemistry 2021; 181:112582. [PMID: 33246307 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major cause of crop losses worldwide. Acetylcholine (ACh) can ameliorate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses on plant growth, including salinity stress; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are unclear. Here, seedlings of Nicotiana benthamiana grown under normal conditions or exposed to 150 mmol L-1 NaCl salinity stress were then treated with a root application of 10 μM ACh. Exogenous ACh application resulted in the downregulation of the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. ACh-treated plants had lower levels of reactive oxygen species, including the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. Transcriptome analysis indicated that ACh treatment under salt stress promoted the differential expression of 658 genes in leaves of N. benthamiana (527 were upregulated and 131 were downregulated). Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that exogenous ACh application was associated with a substantial increase in the transcripts of genes related to cell wall peroxidases, xyloglucan endotransglucosylases or hydrolases, and expansins, indicating that ACh activates cell wall biosynthesis in salt-stressed plants. ACh also enhanced the expression of genes associated with the auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, and salicylic acid signalling pathways, indicating that ACh induces the activation of these pathways under salt stress. Collectively, these findings indicate that ACh-induced salt tolerance in N. benthamiana seedlings is mediated by the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, activation of cell wall biosynthesis, and hormone signalling pathways. Stress-induced genes involved in osmotic regulation and oxidation resistance were induced by ACh under salt stress. The genes whose transcript levels were elevated by ACh treatment in salt-stressed N. benthamiana could be used as molecular markers of the physiological status of plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Bo Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Ziguang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, 061000 Cangzhou, China
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Suilong Ai
- Shaanxi Tobacco Scientific Institution, 71000, Xi'an, China
| | - Nabil S A Mustafa
- Department of Pomology, National Research Centre, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, China.
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14
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Ahanger MA, Bhat JA, Siddiqui MH, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Integration of silicon and secondary metabolites in plants: a significant association in stress tolerance. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:6758-6774. [PMID: 32585681 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are unable to avoid being subjected to environmental stresses that negatively affect their growth and productivity. Instead, they utilize various mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels to alleviate the deleterious effects of such stresses. Amongst these, secondary metabolites produced by plants represent an important component of the defense system. Secondary metabolites, namely phenolics, terpenes, and nitrogen-containing compounds, have been extensively demonstrated to protect plants against multiple stresses, both biotic (herbivores and pathogenic microorganisms) and abiotic (e.g. drought, salinity, and heavy metals). The regulation of secondary metabolism by beneficial elements such as silicon (Si) is an important topic. Silicon-mediated alleviation of both biotic and abiotic stresses has been well documented in numerous plant species. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the involvement of Si in strengthening stress tolerance through the modulation of secondary metabolism. In this review, we discuss Si-mediated regulation of the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of secondary metabolites that lead to enhanced stress tolerance, with a focus on physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects. Whilst mechanisms involved in Si-mediated regulation of pathogen resistance via secondary metabolism have been established in plants, they are largely unknown in the case of abiotic stresses, thus leaving an important gap in our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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15
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Qin C, Ahanger MA, Zhou J, Ahmed N, Wei C, Yuan S, Ashraf M, Zhang L. Beneficial role of acetylcholine in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthetic gas exchange in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings under salinity stress. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:357-365. [PMID: 31811780 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is believed to improve plant growth. However, regulation at biochemical and molecular levels is largely unknown. The present study investigated the impact of exogenously applied ACh (10 µm) on growth and chlorophyll metabolism in hydroponically grown Nicotiana benthamiana under salt stress (150 mm NaCl). Salinity reduced root hydraulic conductivity while ACh-treated seedlings exhibited a significant increase, resulting in increased relative water content. Salinity induced a reduction in chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates, such as protoporphyrin-IX, Mg-photoporphyrin-IX and protochlorophyllide, which were significantly ameliorated in the presence of ACh. This influence of ACh on chlorophyll synthesis was confirmed by up-regulation of HEMA1, CHLH, CAO and POR genes. Gas exchange parameters, i.e. stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration rate, increased with ACh, thereby alleviating the salinity effects on photosynthesis. In addition, the salinity-induced enhancement of lipid peroxidation declined after ACh treatment through modulation of the activity of the assayed antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Importantly, ACh significantly reduced the uptake of Na and increased uptake of K, resulting in a decline in the Na/K ratio. Results of the present study indicate that ACh can be effective in ameliorating NaCl-induced osmotic stress, altering chlorophyll metabolism and thus photosynthesis by maintaining ion homeostasis, hydraulic conductivity and water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - M A Ahanger
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - J Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - N Ahmed
- Department of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, Tarar Khal, Pakistan
| | - C Wei
- Shaanxi Tobacco Scientific Institution, Xi'an, China
| | - S Yuan
- Technology Center of Shaanxi China Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - M Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - L Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Ahmad P, Alam P, Balawi TH, Altalayan FH, Ahanger MA, Ashraf M. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) improves tolerance to arsenic (As) toxicity in Vicia faba through the modifications of biochemical attributes, antioxidants, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glyoxalase cycle. Chemosphere 2020; 244:125480. [PMID: 31821927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of arsenic (As) toxicity and the mitigating role of nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on Vicia faba. Arsenics stress decreased the growth and biomass yield, and photosynthetic pigments, but it enhanced As accumulation. Supplementation of NO enhanced the afore-mentioned parameters except As accumulation which decreased in both shoot and root. Supplementation of NO enhanced the shoot tolerance index (Shoot TI%), root tolerance index (Root TI%) but it declined the As translocation factor (TF). Application of NO alleviated the As-induced decline in net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf relative water content. The levels of proline and glycine betaine (GB) further increased due to NO application, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage (EL) and methylglyoxal (MG) declined considerably. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased under As stress. Supplementation of NO up-regulated the enzymes involved in Asc-Glu cycle and glyoxalase cycle under As toxicity. Another experiment was setup to authenticate whether NO was certainly able to alleviate As toxicity. For this purpose, the NO scavenger [2-(4-carboxy-2 phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tertamethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO)] was added to As and NO supplemented plants. Addition of cPTIO to NO supplemented As-treated plants showed the same effect when As alone was supplied to plants. In conclusion, addition of NO to the growth medium maintained the plant performance under As toxicity through modulation of physio-biochemical attributes, antioxidant enzymes, and the Asc-Glu and glyoxalase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thamer H Balawi
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad H Altalayan
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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Atif MJ, Ahanger MA, Amin B, Ghani MI, Ali M, Cheng Z. Mechanism of Allium Crops Bulb Enlargement in Response to Photoperiod: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1325. [PMID: 32079095 PMCID: PMC7072895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoperiod marks a varied set of behaviors in plants, including bulbing. Bulbing is controlled by inner signals, which can be stimulated or subdued by the ecological environment. It had been broadly stated that phytohormones control the plant development, and they are considered to play a significant part in the bulb formation. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in understanding and advancement about the photoperiodic initiation of bulbing in plants. A noticeable query is to what degree the mechanisms discovered in bulb crops are also shared by other species and what other qualities are also dependent on photoperiod. The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein has a role in flowering; however, the FT genes were afterward reported to play further functions in other biological developments (e.g., bulbing). This is predominantly applicable in photoperiodic regulation, where the FT genes seem to have experienced significant development at the practical level and play a novel part in the switch of bulb formation in Alliums. The neofunctionalization of FT homologs in the photoperiodic environments detects these proteins as a new class of primary signaling mechanisms that control the growth and organogenesis in these agronomic-related species. In the present review, we report the underlying mechanisms regulating the photoperiodic-mediated bulb enlargement in Allium species. Therefore, the present review aims to systematically review the published literature on the bulbing mechanism of Allium crops in response to photoperiod. We also provide evidence showing that the bulbing transitions are controlled by phytohormones signaling and FT-like paralogues that respond to independent environmental cues (photoperiod), and we also show that an autorelay mechanism involving FT modulates the expression of the bulbing-control gene. Although a large number of studies have been conducted, several limitations and research gaps have been identified that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
- Vegetable Crops Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Bakht Amin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Imran Ghani
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.J.A.); (B.A.); (M.I.G.); (M.A.)
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18
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Ahanger MA, Mir RA, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Combined effects of brassinosteroid and kinetin mitigates salinity stress in tomato through the modulation of antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 147:31-42. [PMID: 31838316 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress reduces growth and yield productivity of most crop plants. Potentiality of kinetin (Kn) and epi-brassinolide (EBL), either individually or combinedly in preventing the salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress mediated oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition was studied in Solanum lycopersicum. Combined application of Kn and EBL imparted much prominent impact on the growth, photosynthesis and metabolism of antioxidants, osmolytes and secondary metabolites. Synthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids increased and the photosynthetic parameters like stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and net photosynthesis were significantly improved due to application of Kn and EBL. Photosystem II functioning (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching and electron transport rate (ETR) improved significantly in Kn and EBL treated plants imparting significant decline in salinity induced non-photochemical quenching. Exogenous Kn and EBL effectively prevented the oxidative damage by significantly declining the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide under saline and non-saline conditions as reflected in lowered lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Reduced oxidative damage in Kn and EBL treated plants was accompanied down-regulation of protease and lipoxygenase concomitant with up-regulation of the antioxidant system and the accumulation of compatible osmolytes. Treatment of Kn and EBL proved effective in enhancing the contents of redox homeostasis, ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione, and the secondary metabolites assisting the enzymatic antioxidant system in combating the salinity stress efficiently. Results suggest that combined application of Kn and EBL regulate growth and photosynthesis in tomato more effectively than their individual application through a probable regulatory crosstalk mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayees Ahmad Mir
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Ahanger MA, Aziz U, Alsahli AA, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Influence of Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Salt Stressed Vigna angularis. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010042. [PMID: 31888108 PMCID: PMC7022326 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial role of exogenous application of salicylic acid (1 mM SA) and nitric oxide (100 μM NO) in preventing the oxidative damage in Vigna angularis triggered by salinity stress. Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress reduced growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) significantly. Exogenous application of SA and NO was affective in enhancing these growth and photosynthetic parameters. Salinity stress reduced relative water content over control. Further, the application of SA and NO enhanced the synthesis of proline, glycine betaine, and sugars as compared to the control as well as NaCl treated plants contributing to the maintenance of tissue water content. Exogenous application of SA and NO resulted in up-regulation of the antioxidant system. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the content of non-enzymatic components, were more in SA + NO treated seedlings as compared to control and salinity stressed counterparts resulting in significant alleviation of the NaCl mediated oxidative damage. Content of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium increased due to SA and NO under normal conditions and NaCl stress conditions while as Na and Cl content reduced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abass Ahanger
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Usman Aziz
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.N.A.)
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
- Correspondence:
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Ahanger MA, Qin C, Begum N, Maodong Q, Dong XX, El-Esawi M, El-Sheikh MA, Alatar AA, Zhang L. Nitrogen availability prevents oxidative effects of salinity on wheat growth and photosynthesis by up-regulating the antioxidants and osmolytes metabolism, and secondary metabolite accumulation. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:479. [PMID: 31703619 PMCID: PMC6839093 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is one of the damaging abiotic stress factor. Proper management techniques have been proposed to considerably lower the intensity of salinity on crop growth and productivity. Therefore experiments were conducted to assess the role of improved nitrogen (N) supplementation on the growth and salinity stress tolerance in wheat by analyzing the antioxidants, osmolytes and secondary metabolites. RESULTS Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress imparted deleterious effects on the chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis as well as the photosynthetic efficiency. N supplementation resulted in increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration with effects being much obvious in seedlings treated with higher N dose. Under non-saline conditions at both N levels, protease and lipoxygenase activity reduced significantly reflecting in reduced oxidative damage. Such effects were accompanied by reduced generation of toxic radicals like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, and lipid peroxidation in N supplemented seedlings. Antioxidant defence system was up-regulated under saline and non-saline growth conditions due to N supplementation leading to protection of major cellular processes like photosynthesis, membrane structure and function, and mineral assimilation. Increased osmolyte and secondary metabolite accumulation, and redox components in N supplemented plants regulated the ROS metabolism and NaCl tolerance by further strengthening the antioxidant mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Findings of present study suggest that N availability regulated the salinity tolerance by reducing Na uptake and strengthening the key tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Maodong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Xue Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mohamed El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alatar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Ahanger MA, Qin C, Maodong Q, Dong XX, Ahmad P, Abd Allah EF, Zhang L. Spermine application alleviates salinity induced growth and photosynthetic inhibition in Solanum lycopersicum by modulating osmolyte and secondary metabolite accumulation and differentially regulating antioxidant metabolism. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 144:1-13. [PMID: 31542655 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Influence of exogenously applied spermine (Spm) on growth and salinity stress tolerance in tomato was investigated. Salinity reduced growth, chlorophyll synthesis and mineral uptake leading to significant reduction in photosynthesis, however Spm application proved beneficial in alleviating the decline to considerable extent. Applied Spm improved nitrate reductase activity, δ-amino levulinic acid content and gas exchange parameters more apparently at 100 μM than 50 μM concentrations. Spm application enhanced the accumulation of compatible osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars leading to greater tissue water content and photosynthesis. Salinity stress induced oxidative effects were mitigated by Spm treatment reflected interms of reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the activities of protease and lipoxygenase, hence leading to membrane strengthening and protection of their function. Differential influence of exogenous Spm was evident on the functioning of antioxidant system with SOD, GR and APX activities much higher in Spm treated seedlings than CAT and DHAR. Increased synthesis of GSH, AsA and tocopherol in Spm treated seedlings was obvious thereby helping in maintaining the redox homeostasis and the enzymatic antioxidant functioning. Interestingly Spm application maintained the nitric oxide levels higher than control under normal condition while as lowered its concentrations in salinity stressed seedlings depicting existence of probable interaction. Activities of polyamine metabolizing enzymes was up-regulated and the accumulation of secondary metabolites including phenols and flavonoids also increased due to Spm application. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Maodong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Xue Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Alam P, Albalawi TH, Altalayan FH, Bakht MA, Ahanger MA, Raja V, Ashraf M, Ahmad P. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) Confers Tolerance against NaCl Stress in Soybean Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant System, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E640. [PMID: 31652728 PMCID: PMC6920941 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
: The present research was performed to assess the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on salt-stressed soybean plants. Salt stress suppressed growth, biomass yield, gas exchange parameters, pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but all these parameters were up-regulated by EBR supply. Moreover, salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage. EBR supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress biomarkers. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the accumulation of proline, glycinebetaine, total phenols, and total flavonoids increased with NaCl stress, but these attributes further increased with EBR supplementation. The activities of enzymes and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants involved in the Asc-Glu cycle also increased with NaCl stress, and further enhancement in these attributes was recorded by EBR supplementation. Salinity elevated the methylglyoxal content, but it was decreased by the EBR supplementation accompanying with up-regulation of the glyoxalase cycle (GlyI and GlyII). Salinity enhanced the Na+ uptake in root and shoot coupled with a decrease in uptake of Ca2+, K+, and P. However, EBR supplementation declined Na+ accumulation and promoted the uptake of the aforementioned nutrients. Overall, EBR supplementation regulated the salt tolerance mechanism in soybean plants by modulating osmolytes, activities of key enzymes, and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thamer H Albalawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad H Altalayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Md Afroz Bakht
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Vaseem Raja
- Department of Botany, Govt. College for women Baramulla-193101, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Ahanger MA, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Alamri SA, Alam P, Ashraf M, Ahmad P. Potential of exogenously sourced kinetin in protecting Solanum lycopersicum from NaCl-induced oxidative stress through up-regulation of the antioxidant system, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202175. [PMID: 30180173 PMCID: PMC6122799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective role of exogenously applied kinetin (10 μM KN, a cytokinin) against the adverse effects caused by NaCl-induced (150 mM) stress in Solanum lycopersicum was investigated. Application of KN significantly enhanced growth and biomass production of normally grown plants (non-stressed) and also mitigated the adverse effect of NaCl on stressed plants to a considerable extent. Among the examined parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic parameters, components of the antioxidant system (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic), osmotica accumulation, and mineral uptake exhibited a significant increase following the application of KN. Furthermore, KN application reduced the generation of reactive free radical hydrogen peroxide, coupled with a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and an increase in membrane stability. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, and glyoxylase system were found to be promoted in plants exposed to NaCl, and the activities were further promoted by KN application, thereby protecting S. lycopersicum plants against NaCl-induced oxidative damage. Further strengthening of the antioxidant system in KN supplied plants was ascribed to regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle, phenols and flavonoids in them. The levels of proline and glycine betaine increased considerably in KN-treated plants, thereby maintaining relative water content. Moreover, exogenous KN application reduced the inhibitory effects of NaCl on K+ and Ca2+ uptake, which resulted in a considerable reduction in tissue Na+/K+ ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud A. Alamri
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Alyemeni MN, Ahanger MA, Wijaya L, Alam P, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Correction to: Selenium mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants by modulating chlorophyll fluorescence, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant system. Protoplasma 2018; 255:985-986. [PMID: 29504035 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The original paper was published online bearing incorrect headings for Table 1. Headers "change 0 by C" which appear in columns 2 and 3, should be C only. Corrected table is provided below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India.
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Alyemeni MN, Ahanger MA, Wijaya L, Alam P, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Selenium mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants by modulating chlorophyll fluorescence, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant system. Protoplasma 2018; 255:459-469. [PMID: 28900731 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the role of selenium in alleviating cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. Cadmium (150 mg L-1) treatment caused a significant reduction in growth in terms of height and biomass accumulation and affected chlorophyll pigments, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Selenium (10 μM) application mitigated the adverse effects of cadmium on growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, leaf relative water content, and other physiological attributes. Lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage increased because of cadmium treatment and selenium-treated plants exhibited considerable reduction because of the decreased production of hydrogen peroxide in them. Cadmium-treated plants exhibited enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes that protected cellular structures by neutralizing reactive free radicals. Supplementation of selenium to cadmium-treated plants (Cd + Se) further enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) by 19.69, 31.68, 33.14, and 54.47%, respectively. Osmolytes, including proline and glycine betaine, increased with selenium application, illustrating their role in improving the osmotic stability of S. lycopersicum under cadmium stress. More importantly, selenium application significantly reduced cadmium uptake. From these results, it is clear that application of selenium alleviates the negative effects of cadmium stress in S. lycopersicum through the modifications of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Leonard Wijaya
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India.
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Ahanger MA, Tomar NS, Tittal M, Argal S, Agarwal RM. Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2017; 23:731-744. [PMID: 29158624 PMCID: PMC5671444 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are confronted with a variety of environmenmtal stresses resulting in enhanced production of ROS. Plants require a threshold level of ROS for vital functions and any change in their concentration alters the entire physiology of plant. Delicate balance of ROS is maintained by an efficient functioning of intriguing indigenous defence system called antioxidant system comprising enzymatic and non enzymatic components. Down regulation of antioxidant system leads to ROS induced oxidative stress causing damage to important cellular structures and hence anomalies in metabolism. Proper mineral nutrition, in addition to other agricultural practices, forms an important part for growth and hence the yield. Potassium (K) is a key macro-element regulating growth and development through alterations in physiological and biochemical attributes. K has been reported to result into accumulation of osmolytes and augmentation of antioxidant components in the plants exposed to water and salt stress. In the present review an effort has been made to revisit the old findings and the current advances in research regarding the role of optimal, suboptimal and deficient K soil status on growth under normal and stressful conditions. Effect of K deficiency and sufficiency is discussed and the information about the K mediated antioxidant regulation and plant response is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha Singh Tomar
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - Megha Tittal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - Surendra Argal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
| | - R. M. Agarwal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP 474011 India
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Ahanger MA, Tittal M, Mir RA, Agarwal RM. Alleviation of water and osmotic stress-induced changes in nitrogen metabolizing enzymes in Triticum aestivum L. cultivars by potassium. Protoplasma 2017; 254:1953-1963. [PMID: 28213650 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Present communication reports laboratory and pot experiments conducted to study the influence of water and osmotic stress on nitrogen uptake and metabolism in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars with and without potassium supplementation. Polyethylene glycol 6000-induced osmotic stress/restricted irrigation caused a considerable decline in the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamate synthase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Potassium considerably improved nitrogen metabolism under normal water supply conditions and also resulted in amelioration of the negative impact of water and osmotic stresses indicating that potassium supplementation can be used as a potential tool for enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency in wheat for exploiting its genetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megha Tittal
- School of Studies in Botany Jiwaji, University Gwalior, Gwalior, India
| | - Rayees Ahmad Mir
- School of Studies in Botany Jiwaji, University Gwalior, Gwalior, India
| | - R M Agarwal
- School of Studies in Botany Jiwaji, University Gwalior, Gwalior, India
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Ahanger MA, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Ahmad P. Plant responses to environmental stresses-from gene to biotechnology. AoB Plants 2017; 9:plx025. [PMID: 28775828 PMCID: PMC5534019 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global population, urbanization and industrialization are increasing the rate of conversion of arable land into wasteland. Supplying food to an ever-increasing population is one of the biggest challenges that agriculturalists and plant scientists are currently confronting. Environmental stresses make this situation even graver. Despite the induction of several tolerance mechanisms, sensitive plants often fail to survive under environmental extremes. New technological approaches are imperative. Conventional breeding methods have a limited potential to improve plant genomes against environmental stress. Recently, genetic engineering has contributed enormously to the development of genetically modified varieties of different crops such as cotton, maize, rice, canola and soybean. The identification of stress-responsive genes and their subsequent introgression or overexpression within sensitive crop species are now being widely carried out by plant scientists. Engineering of important tolerance pathways, like antioxidant enzymes, osmolyte accumulation, membrane-localized transporters for efficient compartmentation of deleterious ions and accumulation of essential elements and resistance against pests or pathogens is also an area that has been intensively researched. In this review, the role of biotechnology and its successes, prospects and challenges in developing stress-tolerant crop cultivars are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nudrat Aisha Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
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Ahanger MA, Agarwal RM. Potassium up-regulates antioxidant metabolism and alleviates growth inhibition under water and osmotic stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Protoplasma 2017; 254:1471-1486. [PMID: 27783181 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted to find out the effectivity of K on Triticum aestivum L cultivars. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) was used as an osmoticum to induce osmotic stress under sand culture setting up the water potential of external solution at -3 and -5 bars. In pots, plants were raised under restricted and normal irrigation and K was applied in varying doses (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) and estimation of different physiological and biochemical parameters was done at two developmental stages, i.e., preflowering and flowering. Supplementation of K resulted in obvious increase in growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes in both normal and stressed plants. Added potassium increased total phenols and tannins thereby strengthening the components of both the enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant system. Under both normal and stressed conditions, K-fed plants experienced significant increase in the synthesis of osmolytes like free proline, amino acids, and sugars which assumes special significance in growth under water stress conditions. Wheat plants accumulating greater K were able to counteract the water stress-induced changes by maintaining lower Na/K ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R M Agarwal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India
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Ahanger MA, Agarwal RM. Salinity stress induced alterations in antioxidant metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) as influenced by potassium supplementation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 115:449-460. [PMID: 28478373 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars exposed to NaCl stress with and without potassium (K) supplementation. Salt stress induced using NaCl caused oxidative stress resulting into enhancement in lipid peroxidation and altered growth as well as yield. Added potassium led to significant improvement in growth having positive effects on the attributes including nitrogen and antioxidant metabolism. NaCl-induced stress triggered the antioxidant defence system nevertheless, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants increased in K fed plants. Enhancement in the accumulation of osmolytes comprising free proline, sugars and amino acids was observed at both the developmental stages with K supplementation associated with improvement of the relative water content and ultimately yield. Potassium significantly increased uptake and assimilation of nitrogen with concomitant reduction in the Na ions and consequently Na/K ratio. Optimal K can be used as a potential tool for alleviating NaCl stress in wheat to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R M Agarwal
- School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University Gwalior, MP, India
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Ahanger MA, Morad‐Talab N, Abd‐Allah EF, Ahmad P, Hajiboland R. Plant growth under drought stress. Water Stress and Crop Plants 2016:649-668. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119054450.ch37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abstract
Different stresses include nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, exposure to toxic chemicals etc. Transcriptomic studies have been mainly applied to only a few plant species including the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. These studies have provided valuable insights into the genetic networks of plant stress responses. Transcriptomics applied to cash crops including barley, rice, sugarcane, wheat and maize have further helped in understanding physiological and molecular responses in terms of genome sequence, gene regulation, gene differentiation, posttranscriptional modifications and gene splicing. On the other hand, comparative transcriptomics has provided more information about plant's response to diverse stresses. Thus, transcriptomics, together with other biotechnological approaches helps in development of stress tolerance in crops against the climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Ruqia Imadi
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12 Campus, Islamabad 25000,
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Ahanger MA, Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Ahmad P. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Crop Improvement under Environmental Stress. Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance 2014:69-95. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800875-1.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Abstract
A total of 293 sporadic cases of acute viral hepatitis were identified in Kashmir, India, from April 1979 to December 1981; 44 (15%) were found serologically to be hepatitis A, 94 (32%) hepatitis B, and 155 (53%) non-A, non-B type. The non-A, non-B hepatitis observed was a disease of young adults (29.8 +/- 15 years) with slight male predominance (1.4:1). Six of the 155 non-A, non-B cases had history of prior parenteral exposure, while 51 (33%) had a recent contact with another case of jaundice, suggesting that this form of hepatitis was spread by person-to-person contact. Fulminant hepatic failure occurred in 19 cases, and six (31.5%) of the 19 cases occurred in pregnant women. None of 90 non-A, non-B cases followed up six months later had developed chronic hepatitis. The acute sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis described in Kashmir resembles epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis epidemiologically and seems to be distinct from the non-A, non-B hepatitis described in the West.
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