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Zehra A, Naik PA, Hasan A, Farman M, Nisar KS, Chaudhry F, Huang Z. Physiological and chaos effect on dynamics of neurological disorder with memory effect of fractional operator: A mathematical study. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2024; 250:108190. [PMID: 38688140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To study the dynamical system, it is necessary to formulate the mathematical model to understand the dynamics of various diseases that are spread worldwide. The main objective of our work is to examine neurological disorders by early detection and treatment by taking asymptomatic. The central nervous system (CNS) is impacted by the prevalent neurological condition known as multiple sclerosis (MS), which can result in lesions that spread across time and place. It is widely acknowledged that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease that can cause lifelong damage to the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. The use of integral operators and fractional order (FO) derivatives in mathematical models has become popular in the field of epidemiology. METHOD The model consists of segments of healthy or barian brain cells, infected brain cells, and damaged brain cells as a result of immunological or viral effectors with novel fractal fractional operator in sight Mittag Leffler function. The stability analysis, positivity, boundedness, existence, and uniqueness are treated for a proposed model with novel fractional operators. RESULTS Model is verified the local and global with the Lyapunov function. Chaos Control will use the regulate for linear responses approach to bring the system to stabilize according to its points of equilibrium so that solutions are bounded in the feasible domain. To ensure the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to the suggested model, it makes use of Banach's fixed point and the Leray Schauder nonlinear alternative theorem. For numerical simulation and results the steps Lagrange interpolation method at different fractional order values and the outcomes are compared with those obtained using the well-known FFM method. CONCLUSION Overall, by offering a mathematical model that can be used to replicate and examine the behavior of disease models, this research advances our understanding of the course and recurrence of disease. Such type of investigation will be useful to investigate the spread of disease as well as helpful in developing control strategies from our justified outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Zehra
- Department of Mathematics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad Naik
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ali Hasan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, 54100 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Northern Cyprus, Turkey; Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, 1102-2801, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities , Al Kharj, 11942, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Chaudhry
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, 54100 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zhengxin Huang
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
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Ahmad A, Abbas F, Farman M, Hincal E, Ghaffar A, Akgül A, Hassani MK. Flip bifurcation analysis and mathematical modeling of cholera disease by taking control measures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10927. [PMID: 38740856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To study the dynamical system, it is necessary to formulate the mathematical model to understand the dynamics of various diseases which are spread in the world wide. The objective of the research study is to assess the early diagnosis and treatment of cholera virus by implementing remedial methods with and without the use of drugs. A mathematical model is built with the hypothesis of strengthening the immune system, and a ABC operator is employed to turn the model into a fractional-order model. A newly developed system SEIBR, which is examined both qualitatively and quantitatively to determine its stable position as well as the verification of flip bifurcation has been made for developed system. The local stability of this model has been explored concerning limited observations, a fundamental aspect of epidemic models. We have derived the reproductive number using next generation method, denoted as " R 0 ", to analyze its impact rate across various sub-compartments, which serves as a critical determinant of its community-wide transmission rate. The sensitivity analysis has been verified according to its each parameters to identify that how much rate of change of parameters are sensitive. Atangana-Toufik scheme is employed to find the solution for the developed system using different fractional values which is advanced tool for reliable bounded solution. Also the error analysis has been made for developed scheme. Simulations have been made to see the real behavior and effects of cholera disease with early detection and treatment by implementing remedial methods without the use of drugs in the community. Also identify the real situation the spread of cholera disease after implementing remedial methods with and without the use of drugs. Such type of investigation will be useful to investigate the spread of virus as well as helpful in developing control strategies from our justified outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University D G Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
- Mathematics Research Center, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - Fakher Abbas
- Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University D G Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Cyprus.
| | - Evren Hincal
- Mathematics Research Center, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Cyprus
- Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University D G Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akgül
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Mathematics, Art and Science Faculty, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
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Farman M, Gokbulut N, Hurdoganoglu U, Hincal E, Suer K. Fractional order model of MRSA bacterial infection with real data fitting: Computational Analysis and Modeling. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108367. [PMID: 38555706 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections in the health-care sector and social environments have been linked to the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, a type of bacteria that has remained an international health risk since the 1960s. From mild colonization to a deadly invasive disease with an elevated mortality rate, the illness can present in many different forms. A fractional-order dynamic model of MRSA infection developed using real data for computational and modeling analysis on the north side of Cyprus is presented in this paper. Initially, we tested that the suggested model had a positively invariant region, bounded solutions, and uniqueness for the biological feasibility of the model. We study the equilibria of the model and assess the expression for the most significant threshold parameter, called the basic reproduction number (ℛ0). The reproductive number's parameters are also subjected to sensitivity analysis through mathematical methods and simulations. Additionally, utilizing the power law kernel and the fixed-point approach, the existence, uniqueness, and generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability are presented. Chaos Control was used to regulate the linear responses approach to bring the system to stabilize according to its points of equilibrium, taking into account a fractional-order system with a managed design where solutions are bound in the feasible domain. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrating the effects of different parameters on MRSA infection are used to investigate the impact of the fractional operator on the generalized form of the power law kernel through a two-step Newton polynomial method. The impact of fractional orders is emphasized in the study so that the numerical solutions support the importance of these orders on MRSA infection. With the application of fractional order, the significance of cognizant antibiotic usage for MRSA infection is verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 99138, Turkey; Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nezihal Gokbulut
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 99138, Turkey; Mathematics Research Center, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 99138, Turkey
| | - Ulas Hurdoganoglu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 99138, Turkey
| | - Evren Hincal
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 99138, Turkey; Mathematics Research Center, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 99138, Turkey
| | - Kaya Suer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, 99138, Turkey
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Nisar KS, Farman M, Jamil K, Akgul A, Jamil S. Computational and stability analysis of Ebola virus epidemic model with piecewise hybrid fractional operator. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298620. [PMID: 38625847 PMCID: PMC11021000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we developed a nonlinear fractional order Ebola virus with a novel piecewise hybrid technique to observe the dynamical transmission having eight compartments. The existence and uniqueness of a solution of piecewise derivative is treated for a system with Arzel'a-Ascoli and Schauder conditions. We investigate the effects of classical and modified fractional calculus operators, specifically the classical Caputo piecewise operator, on the behavior of the model. A model shows that a completely continuous operator is uniformly continuous, and bounded according to the equilibrium points. The reproductive number R0 is derived for the biological feasibility of the model with sensitivity analysis with different parameters impact on the model. Sensitivity analysis is an essential tool for comprehending how various model parameters affect the spread of illness. Through a methodical manipulation of important parameters and an assessment of their impact on Ro, we are able to learn more about the resiliency and susceptibility of the model. Local stability is established with next Matignon method and global stability is conducted with the Lyapunov function for a feasible solution of the proposed model. In the end, a numerical solution is derived with Newton's polynomial technique for a piecewise Caputo operator through simulations of the compartments at various fractional orders by using real data. Our findings highlight the importance of fractional operators in enhancing the accuracy of the model in capturing the intricate dynamics of the disease. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Ebola virus dynamics and provides valuable insights for improving disease modeling and public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
- Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Aldawaser, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khadija Jamil
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akgul
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Mathematics, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Saba Jamil
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
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Batool M, Farman M, Ghaffari AS, Nisar KS, Munjam SR. Analysis and dynamical structure of glucose insulin glucagon system with Mittage-Leffler kernel for type I diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8058. [PMID: 38580678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a fractional-order mathematical model to explain the role of glucagon in maintaining the glucose level in the human body by using a generalised form of a fractal fractional operator. The existence, boundedness, and positivity of the results are constructed by fixed point theory and the Lipschitz condition for the biological feasibility of the system. Also, global stability analysis with Lyapunov's first derivative functions is treated. Numerical simulations for fractional-order systems are derived with the help of Lagrange interpolation under the Mittage-Leffler kernel. Results are derived for normal and type 1 diabetes at different initial conditions, which support the theoretical observations. These results play an important role in the glucose-insulin-glucagon system in the sense of a closed-loop design, which is helpful for the development of artificial pancreas to control diabetes in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Batool
- Institute of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Institute of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Abdul Sattar Ghaffari
- Institute of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- School of Technology, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502345, India
| | - Shankar Rao Munjam
- School of Technology, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502345, India
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Ahmad A, Kulachi MO, Farman M, Junjua MUD, Bilal Riaz M, Riaz S. Mathematical modeling and control of lung cancer with IL2 cytokine and anti-PD-L1 inhibitor effects for low immune individuals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299560. [PMID: 38483931 PMCID: PMC10939278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mathematical formulations are crucial in understanding the dynamics of disease spread within a community. The aim of this work is to examine that the Lung Cancer detection and treatment by introducing IL2 and anti-PD-L1 inhibitor for low immune individuals. Mathematical model is developed with the created hypothesis to increase immune system by antibody cell's and Fractal-Fractional operator (FFO) is used to turn the model into a fractional order model. A newly developed system TCDIL2Z is examined both qualitatively and quantitatively in order to determine its stable position. The boundedness, positivity and uniqueness of the developed system are examined to ensure reliable bounded findings, which are essential properties of epidemic models. The global derivative is demonstrated to verify the positivity with linear growth and Lipschitz conditions are employed to identify the rate of effects in each sub-compartment. The system is investigated for global stability using Lyapunov first derivative functions to assess the overall impact of IL2 and anti-PD-L1 inhibitor for low immune individuals. Fractal fractional operator is used to derive reliable solution using Mittag-Leffler kernel. In fractal-fractional operators, fractal represents the dimensions of the spread of the disease and fractional represents the fractional ordered derivative operator. We use combine operators to see real behavior of spread as well as control of lung cancer with different dimensions and continuous monitoring. Simulations are conducted to observe the symptomatic and asymptomatic effects of Lung Cancer disease to verify the relationship of IL2, anti-PD-L1 inhibitor and immune system. Also identify the real situation of the control for lung cancer disease after detection and treatment by introducing IL2 cytokine and anti-PD-L1 inhibitor which helps to generate anti-cancer cells of the patients. Such type of investigation will be useful to investigate the spread of disease as well as helpful in developing control strategies from our justified outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University, D G Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moin-ud-Din Junjua
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Riaz
- IT4Innovations, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sidra Riaz
- Mathematical Research Center, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
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Jamil S, Bariq A, Farman M, Nisar KS, Akgül A, Saleem MU. Author Correction: Qualitative analysis and chaotic behavior of respiratory syncytial virus infection in human with fractional operator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3633. [PMID: 38351207 PMCID: PMC10864320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jamil
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Bariq
- Department of Mathematics, Laghman University, Mehtarlam, Laghman, 2701, Afghanistan.
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Akgül
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Mathematics, Art and Science Faculty, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
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Jamil S, Bariq A, Farman M, Nisar KS, Akgül A, Saleem MU. Qualitative analysis and chaotic behavior of respiratory syncytial virus infection in human with fractional operator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2175. [PMID: 38272984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the cause of lung infection, nose, throat, and breathing issues in a population of constant humans with super-spreading infected dynamics transmission in society. This research emphasizes on examining a sustainable fractional derivative-based approach to the dynamics of this infectious disease. We proposed a fractional order to establish a set of fractional differential equations (FDEs) for the time-fractional order RSV model. The equilibrium analysis confirmed the existence and uniqueness of our proposed model solution. Both sensitivity and qualitative analysis were employed to study the fractional order. We explored the Ulam-Hyres stability of the model through functional analysis theory. To study the influence of the fractional operator and illustrate the societal implications of RSV, we employed a two-step Lagrange polynomial represented in the generalized form of the Power-Law kernel. Also, the fractional order RSV model is demonstrated with chaotic behaviors which shows the trajectory path in a stable region of the compartments. Such a study will aid in the understanding of RSV behavior and the development of prevention strategies for those who are affected. Our numerical simulations show that fractional order dynamic modeling is an excellent and suitable mathematical modeling technique for creating and researching infectious disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jamil
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Bariq
- Department of Mathematics, Laghman University, Mehtarlam, 2701, Laghman, Afghanistan.
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Akgül
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Mathematics, Art and Science Faculty, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
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Farman M, Shehzad A, Nisar KS, Hincal E, Akgul A, Hassan AM. Generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability and novel sustainable techniques for dynamical analysis of global warming impact on ecosystem. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22441. [PMID: 38105260 PMCID: PMC10725897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine structure changes as a result of climate change, with potential biological implications for human societies and marine ecosystems. These changes include changes in temperatures, flow, discrimination, nutritional inputs, oxygen availability, and acidification of the ocean. In this study, a fractional-order model is constructed using the Caputo fractional operator, which singular and nol-local kernel. A model examines the effects of accelerating global warming on aquatic ecosystems while taking into account variables that change over time, such as the environment and organisms. The positively invariant area also demonstrates positive, bounded solutions of the model treated. The equilibrium states for the occurrence and extinction of fish populations are derived for a feasible solution of the system. We also used fixed-point theorems to analyze the existence and uniqueness of the model. The generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias function is used to analyze the stability of the system. To study the impact of the fractional operator through computational simulations, results are generated employing a two-step Lagrange polynomial in the generalized version for the power law kernel and also compared the results with an exponential law and Mittag Leffler kernel. We also produce graphs of the model at various fractional derivative orders to illustrate the important influence that the fractional order has on the different classes of the model with the memory effects of the fractional operator. To help with the oversight of fisheries, this research builds mathematical connections between the natural world and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farman
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Cyprus, Turkey.
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evren Hincal
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Ali Akgul
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Mathematics, Near East University, Cyprus, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Mathematics, SIIRT University, Cyprus, Turkey
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Batool M, Farman M, Ahmad A, Nisar KS. Mathematical study of polycystic ovarian syndrome disease including medication treatment mechanism for infertility in women. AIMS Public Health 2023; 11:19-35. [PMID: 38617407 PMCID: PMC11007425 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Among women of reproductive age, PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is one of the most prevalent endocrine illnesses. In addition to decreasing female fertility, this condition raises the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, psychiatric disorders and other illnesses. In this paper, we constructed a fractional order model for polycystic ovarian syndrome by using a novel approach with the memory effect of a fractional operator. The study population was divided into four groups for this reason: Women who are at risk for infertility, PCOS sufferers, infertile women receiving therapy (gonadotropin and clomiphene citrate), and improved infertile women. We derived the basic reproductive number, and by utilizing the Jacobian matrix and the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, it can be shown that the free and endemic equilibrium points are both locally stable. Using a two-step Lagrange polynomial, solutions were generated in the generalized form of the power law kernel in order to explore the influence of the fractional operator with numerical simulations, which shows the impact of the sickness on women due to the effect of different parameters involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Batool
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Institute of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Arts and science, Mathematical research center, Near East University, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University, DG Khan, Pakistan
| | - Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Sajjad W, Nadeem M, Alam T, Rehman AU, Abbasi SW, Ahmad S, Din G, Khan S, Badshah M, Gul S, Farman M, Shah AA. Biological Evaluation and Computational Studies of Methoxy-flavones from Newly Isolated Radioresistant Micromonospora aurantiaca Strain TMC-15. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04517-7. [PMID: 37115385 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine UV-B resistance and to investigate computational analysis and antioxidant potential of methoxy-flavones of Micromonospora aurantiaca TMC-15 isolated from Thal Desert, Pakistan. The cellular extract was purified through solid-phase extraction and UV-Vis spectrum analysis indicated absorption peaks at λmax 250 nm, 343 nm, and 380 nm that revealed the presence of methoxy-flavones named eupatilin and 5-hydroxyauranetin. The flavones were evaluated for their antioxidant as well as protein and lipid peroxidation inhibition potential using di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium (DPPH), 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, respectively. The methoxy-flavones were further studied for their docking affinity and interaction dynamics to determine their structural and energetic properties at the atomic level. The antioxidant potential, protein, and lipid oxidation inhibition and DNA damage preventive abilities were correlated as predicted by computational analysis. The eupatilin and 5-hydroxyauranetin binding potential to their targeted proteins 1N8Q and 1OG5 is - 4.1 and - 7.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, the eupatiline and 5-hydroxyauranetin complexes illustrate van der Waals contacts and strong hydrogen bonds to their respective enzymes target. Both in vitro studies and computational analysis results revealed that methoxy-flavones of Micromonospora aurantiaca TMC-15 can be used against radiation-mediated oxidative damages due to its kosmotrophic nature. The demonstration of good antioxidant activities not only protect DNA but also protein and lipid oxidation and therefore could be a good candidate in radioprotective drugs and as sunscreen due to its kosmotropic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Sajjad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Nadeem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ghufranud Din
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Gul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Akram MU, Abbas N, Farman M, Manzoor S, Khan MI, Osman SM, Luque R, Shanableh A. Tumor micro-environment sensitive release of doxorubicin through chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles: An in-vitro study. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137332. [PMID: 36427576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy poses toxic effects to healthy tissues. A therapeutic system is thus required that can administer, distribute, metabolize, and excrete medicine from human body without damaging healthy cells. This is possible by designing a therapeutic system that can release drug at specific target tissue. In current work, novel chitosan (CS) based polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) containing N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAM) and 2-(di-isopropyl amino) ethyl methacrylate (DPA) are designed. The presence of available functional groups i.e. OH- (3262 cm-1), -NH2 (1542 cm-1), and CO (1642 cm-1), was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrophotometry (FTIR). The surface morphology and average particle size (175 nm) was determined through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) studies confirmed the amorphous nature and excellent thermal stability of PNPs up to 100 °C with only 2.69% mass loss was confirmed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pH sensitivity of such PNPs for release of encapsulated doxorubicin at malignant site was investigated. The encapsulation efficiency of PNPs was 89% (4.45 mg/5 mg) for doxorubicin (a chemotherapeutic) measured by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The drug release profile of loaded PNPs was 88% (3.92 mg/4.45 mg) at pH 5.3, in 96 h. PNPs with varying DPA concentration can effectively be used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Akram
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Abbas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Suryyia Manzoor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh M Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio 13 Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A Km 396, E14014, Cordoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya Str., 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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13
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Nasreen N, Semmar N, Farman M, Lacaille-Dubois MA, Ahmed NS. Phytochemical, Geographical, and Pharmacological Retrospect of Genus Torilis. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2300-2331. [PMID: 37518999 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230727163658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genus Torilis (Apiaceae) known as hedge parsley, encompasses 11-13 species distributed worldwide and shows potential pharmacological uses. Its phytochemical pattern is highly diversified including many phenolic and terpenic compounds. OBJECTIVE This research-review provides new highlighting of structural organizations, structure-activity trends, taxonomical, tissue and geographical distribution of phytocompounds of Torilis genus from extensive statistical analyses of available data. METHODS In extenso, exploration of documented literature and statistical data analyses were applied to update the phytochemical pool of the genus under several aspects including structural diversity, geographical distribution, biological compartmentations and pharmacological activities. RESULTS Phytoconstituents were classified into homogeneous clusters that revealed to be associated with chemical constitutions (aglycone types, chemical groups) and distributions (through species, tissues, geographical). About bioactivities, terpenes were studied from a pharmacological point of view with relatively high frequencies for antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were highlighted implying opposite effects between hydroxylation and methylation in favor of different activities. Crude extracts and isolated compounds have shown several biological activities (antibacterial, anticancer, antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, etc.), thus providing authentic scientific proof for their diverse uses in folk medicines. CONCLUSION The phytochemistry of the genus Torilis promises important perspectives in matters of pharmacological activities. These perspectives call for further investments in pharmacology because of (i) unbalance between phenolic and terpenic compounds according to the countries and (ii) more advanced current states of structural elucidations compared to biological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Nasreen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nabil Semmar
- Laboratory of Bio-Informatics, -Mathematics and -Statistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis EI Manar, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Naseem Saud Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Azra Naheed Medical College, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan
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14
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Farman M, Amin M, Akgül A, Ahmad A, Riaz MB, Ahmad S. Fractal-fractional operator for COVID-19 (Omicron) variant outbreak with analysis and modeling. Results Phys 2022; 39:105630. [PMID: 35664990 PMCID: PMC9148862 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2022.105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fractal-fraction derivative is an advanced category of fractional derivative. It has several approaches to real-world issues. This work focus on the investigation of 2nd wave of Corona virus in India. We develop a time-fractional order COVID-19 model with effects of disease which consist system of fractional differential equations. Fractional order COVID-19 model is investigated with fractal-fractional technique. Also, the deterministic mathematical model for the Omicron effect is investigated with different fractional parameters. Fractional order system is analyzed qualitatively as well as verify sensitivity analysis. The existence and uniqueness of the fractional-order model are derived using fixed point theory. Also proved the bounded solution for new wave omicron. Solutions are derived to investigate the influence of fractional operator which shows the impact of the disease on society. Simulation has been made to understand the actual behavior of the OMICRON virus. Such kind of analysis will help to understand the behavior of the virus and for control strategies to overcome the disseise in community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farman
- Department of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Amin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akgül
- Art and Science Faculty, Department of Mathematics, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University, D. G. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Riaz
- Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
- Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
- Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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15
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Khan SI, Zarin A, Ahmed S, Hasan F, Belduz AO, Çanakçi S, Khan S, Badshah M, Farman M, Shah AA. Degradation of lignin by Bacillus altitudinis SL7 isolated from pulp and paper mill effluent. Water Sci Technol 2022; 85:420-432. [PMID: 35050893 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a major by-product of pulp and paper industries, and is resistant to depolymerization due to its heterogeneous structure. Degradation of lignin can be achieved by the use of potential lignin-degrading bacteria. The current study was designed to evaluate the degradation efficiency of newly isolated Bacillus altitudinis SL7 from pulp and paper mill effluent. The degradation efficiency of B. altitudinis SL7 was determined by color reduction, lignin content, and ligninolytic activity from degradation medium supplemented with alkali lignin (3 g/L). B. altitudinis SL7 reduced color and lignin content by 26 and 44%, respectively, on the 5th day of incubation, as evident from the maximum laccase activity. Optimum degradation was observed at 40 °C and pH 8.0. FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis confirmed lignin degradation by emergence of the new peaks and identification of low-molecular-weight compounds in treated samples. The identified compounds such as vanillin, 2-methyoxyhenol, 3-methyl phenol, oxalic acid and ferulic acid suggested the degradation of coniferyl and sinapyl groups of lignin. Degradation efficiency of B. altitudinis SL7 towards high lignin concentration under alkaline pH indicated the potential application of this isolate in biological treatment of the lignin-containing effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Islam Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail: ; Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Asaf Zarin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Safia Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Fariha Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Ali Osman Belduz
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Çanakçi
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
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16
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Farman M, Azeem M, Ahmad MO. Analysis of COVID-19 epidemic model with sumudu transform. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:316-330. [PMID: 35634031 PMCID: PMC9114793 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a time-fractional order COVID-19 model with effects of disease during quarantine which consists of the system of fractional differential equations. Fractional order COVID-19 model is investigated with ABC technique using sumudu transform. Also, the deterministic mathematical model for the quarantine effect is investigated with different fractional parameters. The existence and uniqueness of the fractional-order model are derived using fixed point theory. The sumudu transform can keep the unity of the function, the parity of the function, and has many other properties that are more valuable. Solutions are derived to investigate the influence of fractional operator which shows the impact of the disease during quarantine on society.
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17
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Ahmed W, Farman M, Joshi D, Harrison P, Devlin J, Reffitt D. P-EUS01 Pancreatic metastases from Renal Cell Cancer; endosonographic features and outcomes of a rare clinical entity. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab430.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The pancreas is a rare site for metastatic deposits in the absence of disseminated metastatic disease. They can be difficult to differentiate from primary pancreatic malignancy based on the clinical history and radiological features alone. Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the most common source. We describe their endosonographic characteristics and clinical outcomes.
Methods
Patients undergoing EUS- FNB with a positive diagnosis of pancreatic metastatic disease from RCC from 2017 to 2019 were retrospectively identified. Recorded variables included patient demographics, endosonographic features and patient outcomes.
Results
Five patients were identified. Mean age was 63 (range 53-72 years old). Mean time from diagnosis of the primary RCC to diagnosis of pancreatic metastasis was 12.75 years (range 6-18 years). All had resection of the primary lesion.
Mean diameter on EUS was 37.80mm (range 15mm to 100mm). The lesions were homogenous, well-circumscribed, hypoechoic and hypervascular. Tissue acquisition was performed using a 22G FNB needle.
Two underwent surgical resection of the metastasis, one of which had recurrence at the surgical bed after 26 months. One had disseminated malignancy at the time of diagnosis. One passed away prior to surgical resection.
Conclusions
Pancreatic metastasis from renal cell cancer have characteristic endosonographic features and can present many years after initial diagnosis and resection. EUS-FNB has a central role in confirming this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Ahmed
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Joshi
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Harrison
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Devlin
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Reffitt
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Farman M, Kane P, Gregory S, Prachalias A, Joshi D. Intracavity rendezvous procedure. Endoscopy 2021; 53:E466-E467. [PMID: 33540433 DOI: 10.1055/a-1346-7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farman
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Pauline Kane
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen Gregory
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Deepak Joshi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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19
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Aslam M, Farman M, Akgül A, Ahmad A, Sun M. Generalized form of fractional order COVID-19 model with Mittag-Leffler kernel. Math Methods Appl Sci 2021; 44:8598-8614. [PMID: 34226779 PMCID: PMC8242392 DOI: 10.1002/mma.7286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An important advantage of fractional derivatives is that we can formulate models describing much better systems with memory effects. Fractional operators with different memory are related to the different type of relaxation process of the nonlocal dynamical systems. Therefore, we investigate the COVID-19 model with the fractional derivatives in this paper. We apply very effective numerical methods to obtain the numerical results. We also use the Sumudu transform to get the solutions of the models. The Sumudu transform is able to keep the unit of the function, the parity of the function, and has many other properties that are more valuable. We present scientific results in the paper and also prove these results by effective numerical techniques which will be helpful to understand the outbreak of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest UniversityKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of EducationXi'anP.R China
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Mathematics and statisticsUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Ali Akgül
- Department of MathematicsArt and Science Faculty, Siirt UniversitySiirtTurkey
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and statisticsUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceKey Laboratory and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Northwest UniversityXi'anChina
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20
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Farman M, Aslam M, Akgül A, Ahmad A. Modeling of fractional-order COVID-19 epidemic model with quarantine and social distancing. Math Methods Appl Sci 2021; 44:9334-9350. [PMID: 34230734 PMCID: PMC8251478 DOI: 10.1002/mma.7360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Different countries of the world are facing a serious pandemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19). One of the most typical treatments for COVID-19 is social distancing, which includes lockdown; it will help to decrease the number of contacts for undiagnosed individuals. The main aim of this article is to construct and evaluate a fractional-order COVID-19 epidemic model with quarantine and social distancing. Laplace homotopy analysis method is used for a system of fractional differential equation (FDEs) with Caputo and Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC) fractional derivative. By applying the ABC and Caputo derivative, the numerical solution for fractional-order COVID-19 epidemic model is achieved. The uniqueness and existence of the solution is checked by Picard-Lindelof's method. The proposed fractional model is demonstrated by numerical simulation which is useful for the government to control the spread of disease in a practical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farman
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Key Laboratory and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ali Akgül
- Art and Science Faculty, Department of MathematicsSiirt UniversitySiirtTurkey
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
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21
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Aslam M, Farman M, Akgül A, Sun M. Modeling and simulation of fractional order COVID-19 model with quarantined-isolated people. Math Methods Appl Sci 2021; 44:6389-6405. [PMID: 33821071 PMCID: PMC8014811 DOI: 10.1002/mma.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of diseases and effectiveness of control policies play important role in the prevention of epidemic diseases. To this end, this paper is concerned with the design of fractional order coronavirus disease (COVID-19) model with Caputo Fabrizio fractional derivative operator of order Ω ∈ (0, 1] for the COVID-19. Verify the nonnegative special solution and convergence of the scheme with in the domain. Caputo-Fabrizio technique apply with Sumudu transformation method is used to solve the fractional order COVID-19 model. Fixed point theory and Picard Lindelof approach are used to provide the stability and uniqueness of the results. Numerical simulations conspicuously demonstrate that by applying the proposed fractional order model, governments could find useful and practical ways for control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aslam
- Key Laboratory and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Ali Akgül
- Art and Science Faculty, Department of MathematicsSiirt UniversitySiirtTurkey
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
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22
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Hammami A, Farman M, Semmar N. Highlighting Aglycone-dependent Glycosylation Aspects in Caryophyllaceae Saponins by a Simplex Simulation Approach. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:612-627. [PMID: 33459236 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210114153216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saponin metabolism shows high structural variability due to the diversity of aglycones and glycosylations (Gly). Although they represent a potential source of drug design, their metabolism remains misunderstood yet due to insufficient investments in analytical methods. AIMS Bibliographic structural data offer a wide field for extensive statistical analysis, highlighting mechanistic orders governing metabolic diversity. This work presents an original simulation method based on simplex rule for highlighting regulatory mechanisms of metabolism from categorical structural data. METHODS Simulation was applied on a set of 231 saponins of the Caryophyllaceae plant family initially affiliated to four aglycone types: gypsogenin (Gyp), quillaic acid (QA), gypsogenic acid (GA), and 16-OH-gypsogenic acid (16-OH-GA). Molecules were initially characterized by relative glycosylation levels of different carbons. Simplex approach was applied by combining saponins of the four aglycone groups using a complete set of N gradual weightings between structural groups. In silico combinations were applied by randomly sampling representative saponins from the four groups conforming to their weights given by mixture design. Gly profiles of sampled saponins were averaged to calculate a barycentric molecular profile for each mixture. With N mixtures, N barycentric molecules were iteratively calculated by bootstrap, leading to smoothed data from which Gly trends between carbons were highlighted. RESULTS Sequential, competing and cooperative Gly trends were highlighted according to the types of aglycones, attached saccharides and positions of substituted carbons. Such various conditional Gly trends seemed to be linked to multiple factors, including steric effects, regio-selectivity, enzymatic specificity and enzymatic promiscuity. These simulated results could be helpfully useful in chemical synthesis and drug design. CONCLUSION These simulated results could usefully help for chemical syntheses and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Hammami
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquees et Technologies (INSAT), Universite de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Quaid-i- Azam University, Department of Chemistry, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nabil Semmar
- Laboratory of bioInformatics, bioMathematics and BioStatistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 1002, Universite de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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23
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Zouaoui S, Farman M, Semmar N. Review on Structural Trends and Chemotaxonomical Aspects of Pharmacologically Evaluated Flavonoids. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:628-648. [PMID: 33441067 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210113165007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This work provides statistical analyses of bibliographic data on pharmacologically evaluated flavonoids from different plant families. By opposition to structural elucidations benefitting from full data aspects, pharmacological evaluations are concerned with partial investigations resulting in sparse information. METHODS The limited data availability was overcome by extensive consideration of several small sets of pharmacologically evaluated flavonoids in several plant taxa, alternatively to the traditional intensive analysis of big dataset of a given metabolic family in a given plant taxon. Statistical analyses were carried out using correspondence analysis, cluster analysis, box plots and fisher exact test to highlight structure-structure, structure-plant and structure-activity trends. RESULTS Different aglycone types showed opposite trends between hydroxylation (flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavanols), and methoxylation (isoflavones, isoflavanes, neoflavones). Moreover, different carbons showed differential substitution levels in different aglycones: C3 in flavonols, C6, C8 in flavones, flavonols, C2' in flavanones, C6' in isoflavanes. Plant families were well differentiated by different relative occurrences of aglycones: flavones in Lamiaceae, flavanones in Rutaceae, neoflavones in Rubiaceae, flavonols in Asteraceae, isoflavones in Fabaceae. Relatively more hydroxylated flavonoids occurred in Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae vs. more methoxylated ones in Rutaceae and Rubiaceae. Concerning structure-activity trends, flavanols and isoflavones were relatively more concerned with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively, vs. balanced distribution of flavones. Anti-inflammatory activity showed significant association with substitution position of same chemical groups (OH, OCH3), whereas anti-diabetic activity was revealed to be mainly influenced by the type of chemical groups (positive effect of OH and glycosyls). CONCLUSION These results call for regular updates and further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zouaoui
- Bioinformatics, Biomathematics & Biostatistics Laboratory (BIMS), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nabil Semmar
- Bioinformatics, Biomathematics & Biostatistics Laboratory (BIMS), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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24
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Ahmad A, Farman M, Akgül A, Bukhari N, Imtiaz S. Mathematical analysis and numerical simulation of co-infection of TB-HIV. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2020.1840771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akgül
- Department of Mathematics, Art and Science Faculty, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Nabila Bukhari
- Department of Mathematics, Postgraduate College for Women, M.B Din, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan
| | - Sumaiyah Imtiaz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Warner B, Harrison P, Farman M, Devlin J, Reffitt D, El-Sherif Y, Khorsandi SE, Prachalias A, Cerisuelo MC, Menon K, Jassem W, Srinivasan P, Vilca-Melendez H, Heneghan M, Heaton N, Joshi D. A unique type of fully covered metal stent for the management of post liver transplant biliary anastomotic strictures. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:329. [PMID: 33028218 PMCID: PMC7539398 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report our experience of treating anastomotic strictures using a novel type of fully covered metal stent (FCSEMS). This stent, known as the Kaffes Stent, is short-length with an antimigration waist and is easily removable due to long retrieval wires deployed within the duodenum. Methods Sixty-two patients underwent ERCP and Kaffes stent insertion for post-transplant anastomotic strictures following confirmation of a stricture on MRCP. These patients were retrospectively analysed for immediate and long-term stricture resolution, improvement in symptoms and liver function tests (LFTs), stricture recurrence and complication rates. Results Of the 56 patients who had their stent removed at the time of analysis, 54 (96%) had immediate stricture resolution and 42 continued to have long-term resolution (mean follow-up period was 548 days). Of the 16 patients with symptoms of biliary obstruction, 13 had resolution of their symptoms. Overall, there was a significant improvement in LFTs after stent removal compared to before stent insertion. Complication rates were 15% with only one patient requiring biliary reconstruction. Conclusions The Kaffes stent is effective and safe at resolving post liver transplant biliary anastomotic strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Warner
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Phillip Harrison
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - John Devlin
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - David Reffitt
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Yasser El-Sherif
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Shirin E Khorsandi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Miriam Cortes Cerisuelo
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Krish Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Wayel Jassem
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Parthi Srinivasan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Hector Vilca-Melendez
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Michael Heneghan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Deepak Joshi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
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Hazafa A, ur-Rahman K, Haq IU, Jahan N, Mumtaz M, Farman M, Naeem H, Abbas F, Naeem M, Sadiqa S, Bano S. The broad-spectrum antiviral recommendations for drug discovery against COVID-19. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:408-424. [PMID: 32546018 PMCID: PMC7309307 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1770782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite to outbreaks of highly pathogenic beta and alpha coronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and human coronavirus, the newly emerged 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) is considered as a lethal zoonotic virus due to its deadly respiratory syndrome and high mortality rate among the human. Globally, more than 3,517,345 cases have been confirmed with 243,401 deaths due to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19. The antiviral drug discovery activity is required to control the persistence of COVID-19 circulation and the potential of the future emergence of coronavirus. However, the present review aims to highlight the important antiviral approaches, including interferons, ribavirin, mycophenolic acids, ritonavir, lopinavir, inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to provoke the nonstructural proteins and deactivate the structural and essential host elements of the virus to control and treat the infection of COVID-19 by inhibiting the viral entry, viral RNA replication and suppressing the viral protein expression. Moreover, the present review investigates the epidemiology, diagnosis, structure, and replication of COVID-19 for better understanding. It is recommended that these proteases, inhibitors, and antibodies could be a good therapeutic option in drug discovery to control the newly emerged coronavirus.HighlightsCOVID-19 has more than 79.5% identical sequence to SARS-CoV and a 96% identical sequence of the whole genome of bat coronaviruses.Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal failure, and septic shock are the possible clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19.Different antivirals, including interferons, ribavirin, lopinavir, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be the potent therapeutic agents against COVID-19.The initial clinical trials on hydroquinone in combination with azithromycin showed an admirable result in the reduction of COVID-19.The overexpression of inflammation response, cytokine dysregulation, and induction of apoptosis could be an well-organized factors to reduce the pathogenicity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil ur-Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikram-ul- Haq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Naeem
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sania Sadiqa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Bano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Noor H, Satti SM, Din SU, Farman M, Hasan F, Khan S, Badshah M, Shah AA. Insight on esterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S3 that depolymerize poly(lactic acid) (PLA) at ambient temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rehan T, MacEwan D, Shah N, Rehan T, Tahira R, Murad S, Anees M, Murtaza I, Farman M, Abid OUR, Sultan A. Apoptosis of Leukemia Cells by Ocimum basilicum Fractions Following TNF alpha Induced Activation of JNK and Caspase 3. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3681-3691. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191011100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:
Leukemia, one of the major cancers, affects a large proportion of people around the world.
Better treatment options for leukemia are required due to a large number of side effects associated with current
therapeutic regimens. In the present study, we sought to determine the pathway of triggering apoptosis of leukemic
cells by Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) plant extract.
Materials/Methods:
Methanolic extract of the O. basilicum plant material was prepared. The crude extract was
fractionated into several fractions through column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane as eluting
solvents. Cell viability of leukemic cells was assessed via Cell titer GLO assay and apoptosis was measured
through Annexin V/PI staining. Two apoptotic molecules JNK and caspases were analyzed through western blotting
while pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, CCL2 and CXCL8 using qPCR. Fractions were characterized
through LC-MS.
Results:
The most potent with lowest IC50 values among the fractions were BF2 (2:8 n-hexane:ethyl acetate) and
BF3 (3:7 n-hexane:ethyl acetate). Cytotoxicity was associated with apoptosis. Apoptosis was found caspasedependent
and P-JNK activation was detected sustained. A significant increase in the level of TNF α and a decrease
in the level of CXCL8 were observed in BF2 and BF3 treated cells.
Conclusion:
The fractions of O. basilicum extract were found to kill cells following JNK pathway activation.
Excellent results were obtained with BF2 and BF3 probably due to predominant Epicatechin and Cinnamic acid
derivatives in these fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Rehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - David MacEwan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Rehan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Tahira
- Plant Genetic Resources Program, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheeba Murad
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shah MW, Yasir M, Farman M, Jiman-Fatani AA, Almasaudi SB, Alawi M, El-Hossary D, Azhar EI. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Molecular Characterization of Clinical Strains ofAcinetobacter baumanniiin Western Saudi Arabia. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1297-1305. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Shah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif A. Jiman-Fatani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratories, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad B. Almasaudi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Infection Control & Environmental Health Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia El-Hossary
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratories, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Khan I, Yasir M, Farman M, Kumosani T, AlBasri SF, Bajouh OS, Azhar EI. Evaluation of gut bacterial community composition and antimicrobial resistome in pregnant and non-pregnant women from Saudi population. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1749-1761. [PMID: 31417292 PMCID: PMC6593780 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota (GM) has recently been described as a functional reservoir of antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs). However, the ARG-carrying bacterial species in the human gut has been poorly studied. This study, for the first time, is reporting bacterial communities' composition and antimicrobial resistome in the stool samples of pregnant and non-pregnant (NP) Saudi females. Methods: Gut bacterial community composition was analyzed by 16S amplicon sequencing and culturomics. High throughput MALDI-TOF technique was used for identification of the isolates from stool samples and evaluated for resistance against 13 antibiotics using the agar dilution method. Clinically important ARGs were PCR amplified from genomic DNA of the stool samples using gene-specific primers. Results: 16S amplicon sequencing revealed that GM of pregnant and NP women were predominantly comprised of phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Bacterial diversity decreased in pregnant groups, whereas phylum Bacteroidetes declined significantly (p<0.05) in the first trimester. We noticed a relatively high abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (eg, Faecalibacterium spp. and Eubacterium spp.) in the gut of pregnant women, whereas Prevotella copri was found at significantly (p<0.01) higher abundance in NP women. Moreover, about 14,694 isolates were identified and classified into 132 distinct species. The majority of the species belonged to phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. About 8,125 isolates exhibited resistance against antibiotics. Out of 73 resistant-species, Enterococcus was the most diverse genus and Escherichia coli was the highly prevalent bacterium. The majority of the isolates were resistant to antibiotics; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cycloserine, and cefixime. ARGs encoding resistance against aminoglycoside, macrolide, quinolone, β-lactam, and tetracycline antibiotics were predominantly found in genomic DNA of the stool samples. Conclusion: We conclude that pregnancy-associated GM modulations may help to sustain a healthy pregnancy, but a higher proportion of antibiotic resistance could be deleterious for both maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Production of Bio-products for Industrial Applications Research Group, and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samera F AlBasri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama S Bajouh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Figueira ADR, Geraldino-Duarte PS, Pinzón Nuñez AM, Lent JV, Galvino-Costa SBF, Farman M, Goodin MM. Characterization of Soybean yellow shoot virus, a New Member of the Family Potyviridae Infecting Soybean Plants in Brazil. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1172-1180. [PMID: 30907693 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1067-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new virus species, belonging to the family Potyviridae and capable of infecting most of the soybean cultivars grown in Brazil, was collected in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and named Soybean yellow shoot virus (SoyYSV). In this study, the complete 9,052-nucleotide genome of SoyYSV was determined and the structural, biological, and molecular properties of the virus were investigated. The SoyYSV genome encoded a single polyprotein that could be subsequently cleaved, generating 11 proteins. The SoyYSV genome shared 49% nucleotide and 36% amino acid sequence identity with Blackberry virus Y. However, the P1 protein of SoyYSV was much smaller and lacked the ALK1 domain characteristic of the genus Brambyvirus. Electron microscopy revealed flexuous filamentous virus particles, 760 to 780 nm in length, and cytoplasmic inclusions typical of those found in plant cells infected with Potyviridae species. In addition to soybean, SoyYSV infected species in the Amaranthaceae, Caricaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae families. Among the most common potyviruses present in Brazil, only SoyYSV induced local necrotic lesions in Carica papaya L. SoyYSV was transmissible by Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii but lacked the HC-Pro domain required for aphid transmission in other potyviruses. No seed transmission in soybean was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Dos Reis Figueira
- 1 Department of Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jan van Lent
- 2 Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Suellen B F Galvino-Costa
- 1 Department of Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | - M Farman
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Michael M Goodin
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
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Farman M, Yasir M, Al-Hindi RR, Farraj SA, Jiman-Fatani AA, Alawi M, Azhar EI. Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant clinical Enterococcus faecalis isolates for antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors from the western region of Saudi Arabia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:55. [PMID: 30962917 PMCID: PMC6434864 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococcus faecalis is a ubiquitous member of the gut microbiota and has emerged as a life- threatening multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial pathogen. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and epidemiologically important strains of E. faecalis in the western region of Saudi Arabia using phenotypic and whole genome sequencing approaches. Methods In total, 155 patients positive for E. faecalis infection were included in this study. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF, and screen for antimicrobial resistance using VITEK-2 system. Genome sequencing was performed with paired-end strategy using MiSeq platform. Results Seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified through multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of the E. faecalis genomes, including two novels STs (ST862 and ST863). The most common STs in the Saudi patients were ST179 and ST16 from clonal complex 16 (CC16). Around 96% (n = 149) isolates were MDR. The antibiotics quinupristin/dalfopristin, clindamycin, and erythromycin demonstrated almost no coverage, and high-level streptomycin, gentamycin, and ciprofloxacin demonstrated suboptimal coverage. Low resistance was observed against vancomycin, linezolid, and ampicillin. Moreover, 34 antimicrobial resistance genes and variants, and three families of insertion sequences were found in the E. faecalis genomes, which likely contributed to the observed antimicrobial resistance. Twenty-two virulence factors, which were mainly associated with biofilm formation, endocarditis, cell adherence, and colonization, were detected in the isolates. Conclusions Diverse STs of E. faecalis, including strains associated with common nosocomial infections are circulating in the healthcare facility of Saudi Arabia and carried multi-drug resistance, which has important implications for infection control. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13756-019-0508-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farman
- 1Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,2Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- 1Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,6Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R Al-Hindi
- 2Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha A Farraj
- 1Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif A Jiman-Fatani
- 3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,4Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratories, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alawi
- 3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Infection Control & Environmental Health Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- 1Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,6Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Munir R, Semmar N, Farman M, Ahmad NS. An updated review on pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents of evening primrose (genus Oenothera ). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Noreen H, Semmar N, Farman M, McCullagh JSO. Measurement of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of medicinal plant Coronopus didymus. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:792-801. [PMID: 28942828 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the total phenolic content and compare the antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts and fractions from the aerial parts of Coronopus didymus through various assays. METHODS Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the in vitro antioxidant activity of a number of different extracts was investigated in a dose-dependent manner with three different methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. A flavone was isolated from the most active ethanolic extract with high antioxidant activity using size exclusion chromatography. IC50 values were calculated for the DPPH and ABTS methods. The FRAP activity was assessed in terms of μM Fe (II) equivalent. RESULTS The phenolic content was found to be highest in the ethanol extract (CDA Et; 47.8 mM GAE) and the lowest in the dichloromethane extract (CDA DCM; 3.13 mM GAE). The ethanol extract showed high radical scavenging activity towards DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of (7.80 × 102) and (4.32 × 102) μg/mL, respectively. The most active ethanol extract had a FRAP value of 1921.7 μM Fe (II) equivalent. The isolated flavone F10C (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy flavone) was far more effective for scavenging free radicals in the DPPH and ABTS assays with IC50 of 43.8 and 0.08 μg/mL, than the standard trolox, with IC50 values of 97.5 and 21.1 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the flavone F10C and the standard ascorbic acid had FRAP values of 1621.7 and 16 038.0 μM Fe (II) equivalents, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The total phenolic content of extracts in decreasing order is ethanol extract (CDA Et) > acetone extract (CDA ACE) > phenolic extract (CDA MW) > n-hexane extract (CDA nHX)> chloroform extract (CDA CHL) > dichloromethane extract (CDA DCM). The ordering of extracts in terms of antioxidant activity from highest to lowest is CDA Et > CDA MW > CDA DCM > CDA CHL > CDA ACE > CDA nHX in DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. A significant relationship is found between antioxidant potential and total phenolic content, suggesting that phenolic compounds are the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of C. didymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Nabil Semmar
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Khan MY, Khan IN, Farman M, Al Karim S, Qadri I, Kamal MA, Al Ghamdi K, Harakeh S. HTLV-1 Associated Neurological Disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:1320-1330. [PMID: 28017149 DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666161222141318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus which is endemic to certain regions of the world and infects around 10-20 million people. HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1 associated neurological disorders including mainly HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/Tropical spastic paraparesis. The involvement of the central nervous diseases occurs among: HTLV-1 infected patients from endemic areas, HIV positive individuals and drug users. The ability of HTLV-1 to cause associated neuropathies starts with the virus crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB), then entering and infecting the cells of the central nervous system. As a consequence, to the viral attack, HTLV-1 infected lymphocytes produce pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 6 which further disrupts the BBB. Different serological tests have been used in the diagnosis of HTLV-1. These include: ELISA, Western Blotting (WB), Immunofluorescence, Particle Agglutination and Polymerase Chain Reaction which is used as a confirmatory test. Danazol, pentoxifylline, azathioprine and vitamin C have been used in the treatment of the HTLV-1 associated neurological disorders. Other antiviral drugs (lamivudine, zidovudine), monoclonal antibodies (Daclizumab) and therapeutic agents (valporic acid, interferons) have also been evaluated. No known drug, so far, has been shown to be efficacious. The aim of this review is to present the complexities of HTLV-1 associated neurological disorders and their current ongoing treatment. In addition to discussing future possible therapeutic strategies, by targeting HTVL-1 viral components and gene/s products, for the treatment of those neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Nasib Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al Karim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amjad Kamal
- Special Infectious Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Khalid Al Ghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation. Australia
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Noreen H, Farman M, McCullagh JSO. Bioassay-guided isolation of cytotoxic flavonoids from aerial parts of Coronopus didymus. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 194:971-980. [PMID: 27989879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coronopus didymus Linn. (Brassicaceae) is a medicinal plant used traditionally as antipyretic, expectorant, to purify blood and for alleviating symptoms of pain, inflammations, malaria, wounds and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to isolate and identify the cytotoxic compounds responsible for anticancer activity from this traditionally useful medicinal plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of C. didymus allowed the isolation of compounds responsible for anticancer activity. Their structures were elucidated by UV Spectroscopy (with shift reagents), ESI-MS and NMR spectral data. Preliminary anticancer activity of ethanolic extract, different fractions and isolated compounds was assessed through MTT in vitro cytotoxicity assay in a dose dependent manner against human cancer cell lines (HeLa and LN18) and normal 293T cells. RESULTS Three flavonoids namely 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (1), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone-4'-O-(6''-acetyl)-β-D-glucoside (2) and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy flavone (3), were isolated from aerial parts. Compound 1 was identified for the first time from the genus Coronopus. All the compounds 1-3 showed promising activity against HeLa cells with IC50 values of 43.50, 0.63 and 3.67 µM, respectively. Significant result was also obtained with compound 3 against LN18 cells with IC50 value of 46.63 µM. CONCLUSION The cytotoxic activity of the crude extract and fractions which may largely be due to its major isolated constituents, flavonoids 1-3, against both HeLa and LN18 cells provides a scientific basis for the ethnopharmacological use of C. didymus as anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Noreen H, Farman M. Comparative Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Biologically Active Volatile Phytochemical Constituents of Aerial Parts and Roots of Coronopus didymus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2016.19563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Khosa MK, Jamal MA, Saif MJ, Muneer M, Rehman F, Farman M, Shoaib HM, Shahid M, Hameed S. Synthesis, Spectral investigation (¹H, ¹³C) and Anti-microbial Screening of benzophenone imines. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:2167-2171. [PMID: 26639485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
New series of benzophenone imines with general formula Ph2-C=NR; R = Benzyl, 4-Fluorobenzyl, Naphthyl, Phenyl, 4-Nitrophenyl were synthesized by condensation of dichlorodiphenylmethane and different aromatic primary amines (1:1) Those imines were characterized by different physiochemical and spectroscopic techniques like melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear NMR (¹H, ¹³C). After characterization, imines were subjected to anti-microbial activities. All compounds showed promising activity against different bacterial strains like Escherichia coli, Bacillussubtilis, Pasturellam ultocida and Staphylococcus aureus as well as fungal strains like Alternata alternaria, Ganoderma lucidium, Penicillium notatum and Trichoderma harzianum using Amoxicillin and Flucanazole as a standard drugs respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Majid Muneer
- Departmentof Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazalur Rehman
- Departmentof Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Departmentof Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agricultural, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Shabnam Hameed
- Departmentof Chemistry Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bec S, Ward T, Farman M, O'Donnell K, Hershman D, Van Sanford D, Vaillancourt LJ. Characterization of Fusarium Strains Recovered From Wheat With Symptoms of Head Blight in Kentucky. Plant Dis 2015; 99:1622-1632. [PMID: 30695966 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-14-0610-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) members cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and small grains in the United States. The U.S. population is diverse and includes several genetically distinct local emergent subpopulations, some more aggressive and toxigenic than the majority population. Kentucky is a transition zone between the Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern wheat production areas. Sixty-eight Fusarium strains were isolated from symptomatic wheat heads from central and western Kentucky and southern Indiana in 2007. A multilocus genotyping assay and a variety of additional molecular markers, including some novel markers developed using the F. graminearum genome sequence, were used to characterize the pathogen population. Five of the isolates were identified as members of two non-FGSC species, F. acuminatum and F. cf. reticulatum, but they did not cause symptoms in greenhouse tests. All the FGSC isolates belonged to the 15-ADON chemotype of F. graminearum. Comparative genetic analysis using variable nuclear tandem repeat (VNTR) markers indicated that the population in Kentucky and Indiana belonged to the dominant North American population, with some diversification likely due to local evolution. Telomere and RFLP fingerprinting markers based on repetitive sequences revealed a high degree of genetic diversity within the population, with unique genotypes found at each location, and multiple genotypes isolated from the same head.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bec
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - T Ward
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604-3999
| | - M Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - K O'Donnell
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604-3999
| | - D Hershman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - D Van Sanford
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
| | - L J Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
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Farman M, Tripathi S, Nandi S, Girish Kum V. Follicular Fluid Concentrations of Metabolic Stressors in Normal, Obese, Metabolic Stressed and Emaciated Ewes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2015.466.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ain Q, Naveed MN, Mumtaz AS, Farman M, Ahmed I, Khalid N. Phytochemical analysis of Hibiscus caesius using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:1625-1629. [PMID: 26408882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various species in genus Hibiscus are traditionally known for their therapeutic attributes. The present study focused on the phytochemical analysis of a rather unexplored species Hibiscus caesius (H. caesius), using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The analysis revealed five major compounds in the aqueous extract, viz. vanillic acid, protocatechoic acid, quercetin, quercetin glucoside and apigenin, being reported for the first time in H. caesius. Literature suggests that these compounds have important pharmacological traits such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and hepatoprotective etc. however, this requires further pharmacological investigations at in vitro and in vivo scale. The above study concluded the medicinal potential of H. caesius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quratul Ain
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Na Naveed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Mumtaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Khalid
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ahmed N, Mahmood A, Mahmood A, Sadeghi Z, Farman M. Ethnopharmacological importance of medicinal flora from the district of Vehari, Punjab province, Pakistan. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 168:66-78. [PMID: 25776900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnopharmacological studies are important for the discovery of new drugs from reported indigenous flora. The current study was aimed to document medicinal flora and its therapeutic actions along with the relative importance in local health care system of the district of Vehari, Punjab province, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHOD Rapid appraisal approach (RAA) and semi structured interviews were used along with the group meetings with herbalists, local inhabitants and landowners to collect the relevant data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A total 77 medicinal plants belonging to 41 families disseminated among 71 genera were reported. Fabaceae was the predominant family over others with 9 reported medicinal plant species. Use frequency of leaves was at peak with 30.12% followed by stem 24.62%, fruit 14.22%, flower 12.97%, seeds 12.13%, bark 4.6% and pod 1.25%, in herbal preparations. Allium cepa exhibited the highest use value (0.90) while lowest use value (UV) was reflected by Aerva javanica (0.10). Documentation of various medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer, hepatitis and cardiac disorders is evidence in favor to highlight the value of medicinal flora. CONCLUSIONS Unfortunately, no attention has been paid to this treasure in term of conservation and utilization in modern healthcare system, where these plants can be a best replacement of chemically synthesized drugs. It is also recommended that plants exhibiting high UV should be screened for detailed bio-active phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ahmed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quiad-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Aqeel Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Sadeghi
- Department of Production and Utilization of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, High Educational Complex of Saravan, P.O. Box 9951634145, Saravan, Iran
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quiad-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Khan MUH, Hameed S, Farman M, Al-Masoudi NA, Stoeckli-Evans H. Synthesis, anti-HIV activity and molecular modeling study of 3-aryl-6-adamantylmethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2015-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A series of novel 3-aryl-6-adamantylmethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 6a–l were synthesized by a simple method with the aim of developing novel HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. All the synthesized compounds were structurally confirmed by spectral analyses. The structure of 6a was unambiguously verified by X-ray structure determination. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-HIV activity and four analogs displayed moderate inhibitory activity with EC50 values ranging from 10.10 to 12.40 μg mL–1. Molecular docking of 6g with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was studied to rationalize some structure-activity relationships (SARs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Najim A. Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Helen Stoeckli-Evans
- Institute of Physics, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Abbas MA, Hameed S, Farman M, Kressler J, Mahmood N. Conjugates of degraded and oxidized hydroxyethyl starch and sulfonylureas: synthesis, characterization, and in vivo antidiabetic activity. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 26:120-7. [PMID: 25479365 DOI: 10.1021/bc500509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orally administered drugs usually face the problem of low water solubility, low permeability, and less retention in bloodstream leading to unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic profile of drugs. Polymer conjugation has attracted increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry for delivering such low molecular weight (Mw) drugs as well as some complex compounds. In the present work, degraded and oxidized hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a highly biocompatible semisynthetic biopolymer, was used as a drug carrier to overcome the solubility and permeability problems. The HES was coupled with synthesized N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones, a class of sulfonylurea derivatives, by creating an amide linkage between the two species. The coupled products were characterized using GPC, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The experiments established the viability of covalent coupling between the biopolymer and N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones. The coupled products were screened for their in vivo antidiabetic potential on male albino rats. The coupling of sulfonylurea derivatives with HES resulted in a marked increase of the hypoglycemic activity of all the compounds. 2,3-Dihydro-3-(4-nitrobenzensulfonyl)-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole coupled to HES10100 was found most potent with a 67% reduction in blood glucose level of the rats as compared to 41% reduction produced by tolbutamide and 38% by metformin.
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Ramalho T, Figueira A, Sotero A, Wang R, Geraldino Duarte P, Farman M, Goodin M. Characterization of Coffee ringspot virus-Lavras: A model for an emerging threat to coffee production and quality. Virology 2014; 464-465:385-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Massarweh S, Romond E, Wang C, Zeng Z, Liu J, Stewart R, Napier D, Kadamyan-Melkumyan V, Farman M, Black EP. Abstract PD3-8: Whole exome sequencing reveals early mutational change on endocrine and targeted therapy in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-pd3-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer treatment is guided by baseline tumor tissue which does not take into account tumor interaction with therapy. We hypothesized that mutational change may occur early after treatment initiation and that “on-treatment” tumor profiling may be more informative of tumor behavior and, ultimately, patient outcome.
Methods: We conducted whole exome sequencing on 49 tumor samples from 2 clinical trials of combined endocrine and targeted therapy (NCT00570921: with fulvestrant/everolimus, and NCT00525161: with tamoxifen/sorafenib). Tumor DNA was subjected to exome capture using Agilent V4+UTR 71Mb and Illumina's HiSeq2000 sequencer was used to generate 2×100bp paired-end reads. After mapping reads to the reference human genome (GRCh37), point mutations and insertions/deletions were detected using the Genome Analysis Tool Kit (GATK 2.6-5). We then retained breast somatic mutations from TCGA and COSMIC databases and excluded germline mutations from dbSNP. Further filtration was then done by removing modifier impact and synonymous mutations based on SnpEff, as well as removing mutations with <15X coverage depth.
Results: Across 8 paired tumors on day 28 vs. day 1, 4-pairs on fulvestrant/everolimus and 4 on tamoxifen/sorafenib, there were a total of 50 mutations lost and 77 gained for an average of 6.25 and 9.6 per tumor pair, respectively. This represented, on average, <5% of the total mutations detected, with >95% similarity in the mutational profile of paired tumors. One consistent mutational change in response to treatment was the gain of MUC2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in all 8 paired day-28 vs. day-1 biopsies. This MUC2 mutation pattern persisted even with removal of the coverage depth filter. Other MUC genes had SNPs gained or lost on day 28 but these were infrequent events. Additional notable changes were the gain of HLA-DRB1 SNP's in 2/4 everolimus-treated patients, loss of NCOA3 in one, and loss of TP53 in another. Interestingly, across 5-paired primary and metastatic tumors treated with endocrine therapy alone prior to enrollment, there were more mutations lost than gained (68 vs. 34) for an average of 13.6 and 6.8 per tumor pair, respectively. This represented only slightly over 5% of the mutations detected across these tumors with no consistent genomic event observed. One patient with lobular carcinoma on tamoxifen developed a contralateral lobular associated with metastasis and gain of PIK3CA and NCOR2 SNPs in the new tumor.
Conclusion: ER-positive breast tumors undergo early mutational change in response to therapy but the bulk of their mutational profile remains stable, even over long periods of time. MUC2 mutations emerge as a consistent early event which may reflect functional tumor differentiation in response to treatment pressure. Early emergence of mutational events suggests the need for a preoperative treatment window in future trials of this disease in order to interrogate tumor interaction with therapy prior to prolonged adjuvant therapy, which is currently based solely on pretreatment tumor assessment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD3-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Massarweh
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | - E Romond
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | - C Wang
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Z Zeng
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | - J Liu
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | - R Stewart
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | - D Napier
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | | | - M Farman
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | - EP Black
- University of Kentucky and Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
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Gilchrist F, Morgan AG, Farman M, Rodd HD. Impact of the Hall technique for preformed metal crown placement on undergraduate paediatric dentistry experience. Eur J Dent Educ 2013; 17:e10-e15. [PMID: 23279395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2012.00751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Hall technique, a novel method of placing preformed metal crowns (PMCs) without local anaesthesia or tooth preparation, was introduced to our undergraduate dental curriculum in 2009. This study aimed to describe student experience of, and attitudes towards, PMCs before and after exposure to this new technique. Clinical data were extracted from student logbooks to determine the number of PMCs placed for cohorts graduating in 2005 (n = 55), 2009 (n = 61) and 2010 (n = 75). Five focus groups were also conducted with 29 final-year dental students. Students graduating in 2005, 2009 and 2010 had placed a mean (range) of 0.03 (0-1), 0.63 (0-5) and 1.15 (0-9) PMCs, respectively. The proportion of students who had placed a PMC increased significantly from only 1.9% in 2005 to 75% in 2010 (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Students reported some positive experiences of the Hall technique. However, concern over perceived lack of future clinical support, an anticipated increase in time and financial pressures, and the ease of use of glass-ionomer cement as an alternative were described as potential barriers to PMC use. Findings suggest that the introduction of the Hall technique has had a marked impact on the use of PMCs as a treatment modality for carious primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gilchrist
- Unit of Oral Health and Development, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
The title compound, C9H12N2O2, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.13 Å for all non-H atoms). The carbonyl O atom is involved as acceptor in three different hydrogen-bond interactions. One N—H⋯O and the C—H⋯O(carbonyl) contact together with a weak C—H⋯O(ethoxy) interaction link the molecules into sheets parallel to (102). These are further linked into a three-dimensional network via the remaining C—H⋯O(carbonyl) hydrogen bond and a C(methylene)—H⋯π interaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Farman M, Zaitoun H. Auriculotemporal nerve syndrome in association with congenital haemangiopericytoma: a case report. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2010; 11:213-215. [PMID: 21250775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Auriculotemporal nerve syndrome is characterised by recurrent episodes of facial gustatory flushing and/or sweating along the cutaneous distribution of the auriculotemporal nerve. The condition is rare in children and is normally a sequel of perinatal birth trauma. We report a case of a sixteen-month-old boy referred by paediatric oncology with recurrent, unilateral facial flushing of the left cheek which had been present for 2 months. The flushing only occurred during mastication. The patient had also received treatment for a rare vascular tumour, congenital haemangiopericytoma, of the left cheek and parotid region. The possible association between auriculotemporal nerve syndrome and congenital haemangiopericytoma is discussed. Knowledge of the presentation, aetiology and management of Auriculotemporal Nerve Syndrome can provide much needed reassurance to those suffering with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farman
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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