Efficient Semi-Supervised Learning and Sparse Structural Learning for Feature Selection of Leukemia Dataset

The amount of data produced in health informatics growing large and as a result analysis of this huge amount of data requires a great knowledge which is to be gained. The basic aim of health informatics is to take in real world medical data from all levels of human existence to help improve our understanding of medicine and medical practices. Huge amount of unlabeled data are obtainable in lots of real-life data-mining tasks, e.g., uncategorized messages in an automatic email categorization system, unknown genes functions for doing gene function calculation, and so on. Labelled data is frequently restricted and expensive to produce, while labelling classically needs human proficiency. Consequently, semi-supervised learning has become a topic of significant recent interest. This research work proposed a new semi-supervised grouping, where the performance of unsupervised clustering algorithms is enhanced with restricted numbers of supervision in labels form on constraints or data. The previous system designed a Clustering Guided Hybrid support vector machine based Sparse Structural Learning (CGHSSL) for feature selection. However, it does not produce a satisfactory accuracy results. In this research, proposed clustering-guided with Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based sparse structural learning clustering algorithm. Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithm is progressed for learning cluster labels of input samples having more accuracy guiding features election at same time. Concurrently, prediction of cluster labels is as well performed by CNN by means of using hidden structure which is shared by various characteristics. The parameters of CNN are then optimized maximizing Multi-objective Bee Colony (MBO) algorithm that can unravel feature correlations to render outcomes with additional consistency. Row-wise sparse designs are then balanced to yield design depicted to suit for feature selection. This semi supervised algorithm is utilized to choose important characteristics from Leukemia1 dataset additional resourcefully. Therefore dataset size is decreased significantly utilizing semi supervised algorithm prominently. As well proposed Semi Supervised Clustering-Guided Sparse Structural Learning (SSCGSSL) technique is utilized to increase the clustering performance in higher. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves better performance compared with the existing system in terms of Accuracy, Entropy, Purity, Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) and F-measure.

AB0104 CORRELATION OF PLASMA 14-3-3Η LEVELS WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY MEASURES IN METHOTREXATE-NAÏVE RA PATIENTS TREATED WITH UPADACITINIB MONOTHERAPY IN THE SELECT-EARLY PHASE 3 STUDY

Background:

Early diagnosis and treat-to-target strategies in RA improve clinical and radiographic outcomes. 14-3-3η is a soluble diagnostic biomarker that is involved in the pathogenesis of RA (1) including the potent activation of key signalling cascades such as the JAK-STAT pathway and whose initial expression coincides with a transition to synovitis. In undifferentiated arthralgia, 14-3-3η independently predicts the development of RA. In confirmed RA, 14-3-3η levels decrease with treatment response (2) and those changes are associated with clinical and radiographic outcomes, including the prediction of joint damage progression in patients who have achieved clinical remission. Upadacitinib (UPA), an oral JAK1-selective inhibitor, demonstrated significant and clinically meaningful improvements in RA vs. methotrexate (MTX) in the SELECT-EARLY phase 3 study (3).

Objectives:

To determine the impact of treatment with UPA monotherapy 15 mg QD on the levels of plasma 14-3-3η and to explore its relationship with clinical measures in early MTX-naïve RA patients.

Methods:

Patients from the SELECT-EARLY study were randomly selected (UPA n = 100; MTX n = 100) from the pool of patients with available plasma samples. 14-3-3η tests were performed at Augurex according to standard operating procedures. Concentrations (ng/mL) were log-transformed for analysis. Non-parametric correlations between biomarker data and clinical end points were derived using the Spearman method. Changes in 14-3-3η over time were compared using a Repeated Measure Mixed Linear Model. All statistical analyses were conducted in JMP 14.1 (SAS Institute).

Results:

At baseline, 79% of patients were 14-3-3η positive (≥ 0.19 ng/mL) with similar levels in both arms. Baseline levels of 14-3-3η correlated significantly with baseline disease activity measures (CDAI ρ = 0.164, p = 0.042; DASCRP ρ = 0.222, p = 0.004; and SDAI ρ = 0.177, p = 0.028) but not with baseline mTSS (ρ =-0.021, p = 0.787); of note baseline mTSS were relatively low in this subset of early RA patients (median = 2, IQR [0 – 9.5]). Over time, 14-3-3η levels tended to be lower in both the UPA and MTX groups. However, only treatment with UPA for 24 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in circulating 14-3-3η (p = 0.0002) (Figure 1). In addition, at week 24 in the UPA arm, changes in 14-3-3η levels correlated significantly with changes in concurrent disease activity measures (Δ CDAI ρ = 0.264, p = 0.030; Δ DASCRP ρ = 0.267, p = 0.021; and Δ SDAI ρ = 0.267, p = 0.028) but not with change in mTSS (ρ =-0.186, p = 0.111). In contrast to UPA, the relatively small changes in 14-3-3η induced by MTX did not correlate with any clinical measures.

Figure1

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that treatment with UPA 15 mg QD monotherapy for 24 weeks significantly reduces the levels of circulating 14-3-3η in MTX-naïve RA patients and that these changes correlate with clinical measures of disease activity. Although we were not able to detect a clear relationship between changes in 14-3-3η and rate of structural damage progression, we would like to hypothesize that the superior clinical activity of UPA over MTX on joint damage may be related to the significant reduction in 14-3-3η induced by UPA; this hypothesis should be tested in a larger RA cohort with a larger proportion of joint damage progressors.

References:

[1]Maksymowych WP et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(2):R99.

[2]Hirata S et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):280.

[3]van Vollenhoven R et al. Arthritis Rheumatol.;2018 (Suppl 10; vol.70).

Disclosure of Interests:

Thierry Sornasse Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc, Employee of: AbbVie Inc, Simran Chahal Shareholder of: Augurex Life Science Corp, Employee of: Augurex Life Science Corp, Yuan Gui Shareholder of: Augurex Life Science Corp, Employee of: Augurex Life Science Corp, Neeraja Nagarajan Employee of: Augurex Life Science Corp, Alan Friedman Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc, Employee of: AbbVie Inc, Norma Biln Shareholder of: Augurex Life Science Corp, AbbVie Inc, Employee of: Augurex Life Science Corp

A Novel Method of Segmentation and Classification for Meditation in Health Care Systems

Meditation improves positivity in behavioral as well as psychological changes, which are brought elucidated by knowing neuro-physiological consequences of meditation. In the field of cognitive science, neuroscience and physiological research, Electroencephalogram (EEG) is extensively utilized. The primary tasks of EEG signal analysis is to identify the noisy signal as well as enormous data that create signal processing and subsequent analysis. Beforehand any analysis of the EEG signal, the obtained raw signal must be preprocessed for eliminating undesirable artifacts as well as horrible noise. With the aim of resolving this issue, in this research, raw signals are preprocessed with the help of Band-Pass Filter (BPF) for noise removal method. Instead, in adaptive Sliding Window with Fuzzy C Means Clustering (SW-FCM) segmentation is presented, which precisely as well as automatically segments the signals. So as to analyze the accuracy, five features such as electroencephalography alpha spectrum, frequency of the main peak, Amplitude of the main peak, Higher Order Crossing (HOC), and wavelet features are used as the evaluating variables. Lastly to assess the meditation experience with Fuzzy Kernel least square Support Vector Machine (FKLSSVM) classifier, the presented method with a cross-sectional analysis is utilized. These two classifiers are utilized for meditation experience classification by utilizing an individual feature vector values from equivalent EEG signals. The dataset samples are gathered from Open source Brain-Computer Interface (Open BCI) platform. Outcomes attained are matched up for diverse techniques for identifying as well as for classifying signal segments features using MATLAB. Presented classifiers of the meditation process validate quick interpretation methods that differentiate meditation experience and valuable performance related to artificial approaches for the big-data analysis.

Corticostriatal circuit defects in Hoxb8 mutant mice

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.180.

Synthesis, characterization and binding interactions of amino acids coupled perylene diimides with colloidal doped and undoped TiO₂

Two sensitizers based on amino acids coupled with perylene moiety having absorption in the visible region have been designed and their interaction with doped and undoped TiO2 for the application of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been studied. The synthesized compounds PDI-PA and PDI-AA were characterized using (1)H and (13)C NMR, Mass and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The optical properties and lifetime measurements of the sensitizers were analyzed using various solvents with different polarity. The solvatochromism effect was studied using Lippert-Mataga plot. The electrochemical studies of both dyes were investigated in DMF with various scan rate ranging from 200 to 1000 mV s(-1). Colloidal doped and undoped TiO2 was prepared and characterized by using absorption measurements. Binding ability of the sensitizers with the nanoparticles was studied through absorption, fluorescence quenching, cyclic voltammetry and FT-IR measurements. Results obtained from all the above analysis suggest the mode of quenching may be static. The binding constant values were calculated using Kamat-Fox equation indicates the binding behavior of the sensitizers with the nanoparticles. The fluorescence quenching was mainly attributed to electron transfer from the excited state of PDI's to the conduction band of colloidal semiconductors. The electron transfer mechanism was explained based on the Rehm-Weller equation as well as the energy level diagram.

Conditions, preventable deaths, procedures and validation of a countrywide survey of surgical care in Nepal

BACKGROUND

To determine a true denominator of worldwide surgical need, it is imperative to include estimations at a population-based level, to capture those individuals unable to access surgical care. This study was designed to validate the Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical need (SOSAS) tool with the addition of a visual physical examination, and describe the prevalence of surgical conditions, deaths possibly averted with access to surgical care, and the number of surgical procedures performed annually, in Nepal.

METHODS

The SOSAS tool, developed to measure the prevalence of surgical conditions at a population level and used in two African countries, was employed. Fifteen of the 75 districts of Nepal were chosen proportional to population. Responses were recorded for the head of the household for demographic information and recalled deaths, and two randomly selected household members underwent a verbal head-to-toe interview for surgical conditions and a visual physical examination by a trained physician.

RESULTS

A total of 1350 households were surveyed (2695 respondents). Observed agreement between the verbal response and physical examination findings was 94·6 per cent. Some 10·0 (95 per cent c.i. 8·9 to 11·2) per cent of respondents had a current condition requiring surgical care and 23 per cent of deaths may have been averted with proper access to surgical care. An estimated 291·8 major operations per 100 000 population are performed annually in Nepal.

CONCLUSION

The visual physical examination component validated the SOSAS tool, and justified the estimates of previous studies in Sierra Leone and Rwanda. These data provide insights into the health needs of Nepal and provide evidence to develop surgical programmes, assist with monitoring and evaluation, and help with advocacy for increased resources in Nepal.

Genetic characterization, nickel tolerance, biosorption, kinetics, and uptake mechanism of a bacterium isolated from electroplating industrial effluent

Electroplating industries in Madurai city produce approximately 49,000 L of wastewater and 1200 L of sludge every day revealing 687-5569 ppm of nickel (Ni) with other contaminants. Seventeen Ni-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from nutrient-enriched effluents. Among them one hyper Ni accumulating strain was scored and identified as Bacillus cereus VP17 on the basis of morphology, biochemical tests, 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Equilibrium data of Ni(II) ions using the bacterium as sorbent at isothermal conditions (37 °C) and pH 6 were best adjusted by Langmuir (R(2) = 0.6268) and Freundlich models (R(2) = 0.9505). Experimental validation reveals Ni sorption takes place on a heterogeneous surface of the biosorbent, and predicted metal sorption capacity is 434 ppm. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the biosorption kinetic data better than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R(2) = 0.9963 and 0.3625). Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the bacterial strain with and without Ni(II) ion reveals the biosorption mechanism. The results conclude possibilities of using B. cereus VP17 for Ni bioremediation.

Premature menopause - Meeting the needs

Premature menopause is characterized by amenorrhea, elevated gonadotropin levels and sex steroid deficiency occurring in women below 40 years of age. Heterogeneity of premature ovarian failure is reflected by various causes, both spontaneous and iatrogenic. X chromosomal abnormalities remain the main cause of primary ovarian insufficiency. Women with primary ovarian insufficiency present with amenorrhea, irregular cycles, signs of estrogen deficiency and infertility. They are at increased risk for non-communicable diseases such as, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and osteoporosis. Management includes use of menopausal hormone therapy till the age of natural menopause and customized as per the needs. In women having fertility issues, IVF with donor oocytes remains the treatment of choice with the best results. With advances in assisted reproductive technologies, cryopreservation of oocytes/embryos should be utilized, whenever impending primary ovarian insufficiency is anticipated either due to therapy or biological reasons.

Progressive varicella syndrome in the setting of pediatric AIDS: An eye opener

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections are known to be atypical and severe in immunocompromised patients. An eight-year-old girl presented with extremely painful, atypical skin lesions and features of meningitis and pneumonitis. On investigation, she was found to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected, with very low CD4 count. A diagnosis of 'progressive varicella syndrome' was made, and the child was started on antiretroviral therapy and IV acyclovir. This resulted in a complete resolution of all the clinical features. However, the skin lesions promptly relapsed when acyclovir was withdrawn. Oral Acyclovir was started, and had to be continued to keep the disease under control.

Influences of un-modulated acoustic inputs on functional maturation and critical-period plasticity of the primary auditory cortex

Sensory experiences contribute to the development and specialization of signal processing capacities in the mammalian auditory system during a "critical period" of postnatal development. Earlier studies have shown that passive exposure to tonal stimuli during this postnatal epoch induces a large-scale expansion of the representations of those stimuli within the primary auditory cortex (A1) [Zhang LI, Bao S, Merzenich MM (2001) Persistent and specific influences of early acoustic environments on primary auditory cortex. Nat Neurosci 4:1123-1130]. Here, we show that exposing rat pups through the normal critical period epoch and beyond to continuous, un-modulated, moderate-level tones induces no such representational distortion, and in fact disrupts the normal development of frequency response selectivity and tonotopicity all across area A1. The area of cortex responding selectively to continuously exposed sound frequencies was actually reduced, when compared with rats reared in normal environments. Strong exposure-driven plasticity characteristic of the critical period could be induced well beyond the normal end of the critical period, by simply modulating the tonal stimulus. Thus, continuous tone exposure, like continuous noise exposure [Chang EF, Merzenich MM (2003) Environmental noise retards auditory cortical development. Science 300:498-502], ineffectively induces critical period plasticity, and indefinitely blocks the closure of a normally-brief critical period window. These findings again demonstrate the crucial role of temporally structured inputs for inducing the progressive cortical maturational changes that result in the closure of the critical period window.

Heteromeric AMPA receptors assemble with a preferred subunit stoichiometry and spatial arrangement

AMPA receptors are thought to be a tetrameric assembly of the subunits GluR1-4. We have examined whether two coexpressed subunits (GluR1/2) combine at random to form channels, or preferentially assemble with a specific stoichiometry and spatial configuration. The subunits carried markers controlling ion permeation and desensitization, and these properties were monitored as a function of relative expression level and subunit composition. Homomeric receptors assembled stochastically while heteromeric receptors preferentially formed with a stoichiometry of two GluR1 and two GluR2 subunits, and with identical subunits positioned on opposite sides of the channel pore. This structure will predominate if GluR1 binds to GluR2 more rapidly during receptor assembly than other subunit combinations. The practical outcome of selective heteromeric assembly is a more homogenous receptor population in vivo.

Mechanism and impact of allosteric AMPA receptor modulation by the ampakine CX546

Glutamate release at central synapses is transduced into a characteristic fast postsynaptic response by AMPA receptor gating and agonist affinity. The effect of two classes of modulators of AMPA receptor desensitization, the benzothiadiazides (cyclothiazide and IDRA 21) and the benzoylpiperidines (CX516 and CX546), were studied on gating kinetics of recombinant, native AMPA receptors and on synaptic currents. CX546 reduced the degree of desensitization more potently than CX516 or IDRA 21, but not as efficiently as cyclothiazide. In presence of CX516/CX546, desensitization of GluR2(flip) receptors was inhibited more than of GluR1(flip), whereas they had no effect upon response shape or conductance. CX546 increased agonist affinity threefold on nondesensitizing AMPA receptors by slowing agonist unbinding. Analysis of modulatory action suggests that, in contrast to cyclothiazide or IDRA 21, the Ampakine CX546 binds specifically to the agonist bound nondesensitized receptor, most likely acting by destabilizing the desensitized receptor conformation. All modulators tested showed higher efficiency on native receptors as compared to homomeric receptors. At the glutamatergic synapse, evoked synaptic amplitudes were weakly potentiated, while EPSC decay was slowed by nearly a factor of three in the presence of CX546 or cyclothiazide. In the presence of CX546, the current induced by short pulses of glutamate from recombinant GluR2 receptors decayed with a time course that was approximately twentyfold faster than EPSCs. The unique properties of CX546 may be beneficial for therapeutical use.

Fire Control - A Conservation Tool for certain Medical Plants in Grass Hills Ecosystem, The Western Ghats

Grass Hills ecosystem lies in Anaimalais. The western ghats possesses rich biodiversity, The annual summer fire, an integral part of this ecosystem, promotes the ecological status of certain perennial grasses including the dominant grass. Chrysopogon zeylanicus Thw. On the other hand, some medicinal plants Viz., Impatiens tomentosa Heyne, Drosera peltata Sm Osbeckia parviflora Arn., Emilia sonchifolia Dc. Lecanthus penduncularis Wedd. And Lobelia nicotianifolia Heyne were identiflora Arn. Emilia sonchifolia Dc. Lecanthus penduncularis wedd and lobelia nicotianifolia Heyne were identified as fire threatened species and it has been observed that their sociological attributes were hampered severely by fire. Hence, the conservation of such species is needed through effective fire control measures.

Physicians' response to length-of-stay profiling

One of the techniques adopted recently by certain hospitals to meet the competitive pressure for reducing costs is physician profiling. Profiling produces periodic reports that compare a physician's resource consumption to a benchmark figure. This study analyzes the effectiveness and implications of one hospital's introduction of physician patient length-of-stay profiling. Data for 24,000 patients treated by 400 physicians in 450 diagnosis-related groups over 42 months were analyzed, including both preprofiling and postprofiling periods. Statistical tests examined whether more physicians achieved the length-of-stay benchmark after profiling was introduced, controlling for physician, disease category (diagnosis-related group), and patient severity level. First, the results establish a significant increase in the percentage of physicians who achieve the length-of-stay benchmark after the introduction of profiling. Second, it was found that physicians who had initially failed to meet the benchmark reduced their patients' average length of stay much more than those physicians who initially achieved the benchmark. Further, reductions occurred primarily at intermediate severity levels, and in diagnosis-related groups with a large economic impact for the hospital. Although the profiling program did achieve the objective of reducing patient length of stay, further improvement may be possible. First, providing different benchmarks or targets for different physicians may extend the improvement to a greater percentage of all physicians involved. Second, an analysis of monthly data on total weighted procedures reveals that the reduction in length of stay resulted in an increase in the number of procedures performed per patient day. This finding suggests that to achieve a reduction in hospital costs and charges, profiling programs should be combined with process improvement initiatives.