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Hagihara H, Shoji H, Hattori S, Sala G, Takamiya Y, Tanaka M, Ihara M, Shibutani M, Hatada I, Hori K, Hoshino M, Nakao A, Mori Y, Okabe S, Matsushita M, Urbach A, Katayama Y, Matsumoto A, Nakayama KI, Katori S, Sato T, Iwasato T, Nakamura H, Goshima Y, Raveau M, Tatsukawa T, Yamakawa K, Takahashi N, Kasai H, Inazawa J, Nobuhisa I, Kagawa T, Taga T, Darwish M, Nishizono H, Takao K, Sapkota K, Nakazawa K, Takagi T, Fujisawa H, Sugimura Y, Yamanishi K, Rajagopal L, Hannah ND, Meltzer HY, Yamamoto T, Wakatsuki S, Araki T, Tabuchi K, Numakawa T, Kunugi H, Huang FL, Hayata-Takano A, Hashimoto H, Tamada K, Takumi T, Kasahara T, Kato T, Graef IA, Crabtree GR, Asaoka N, Hatakama H, Kaneko S, Kohno T, Hattori M, Hoshiba Y, Miyake R, Obi-Nagata K, Hayashi-Takagi A, Becker LJ, Yalcin I, Hagino Y, Kotajima-Murakami H, Moriya Y, Ikeda K, Kim H, Kaang BK, Otabi H, Yoshida Y, Toyoda A, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN, Ida-Eto M, Narita M, Matsumoto KI, Okuda-Ashitaka E, Ohmori I, Shimada T, Yamagata K, Ageta H, Tsuchida K, Inokuchi K, Sassa T, Kihara A, Fukasawa M, Usuda N, Katano T, Tanaka T, Yoshihara Y, Igarashi M, Hayashi T, Ishikawa K, Yamamoto S, Nishimura N, Nakada K, Hirotsune S, Egawa K, Higashisaka K, Tsutsumi Y, Nishihara S, Sugo N, Yagi T, Ueno N, Yamamoto T, Kubo Y, Ohashi R, Shiina N, Shimizu K, Higo-Yamamoto S, Oishi K, Mori H, Furuse T, Tamura M, Shirakawa H, Sato DX, Inoue YU, Inoue T, Komine Y, Yamamori T, Sakimura K, Miyakawa T. Large-scale animal model study uncovers altered brain pH and lactate levels as a transdiagnostic endophenotype of neuropsychiatric disorders involving cognitive impairment. eLife 2024; 12:RP89376. [PMID: 38529532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of lactate, an end-product of glycolysis, have been proposed as a potential surrogate marker for metabolic changes during neuronal excitation. These changes in lactate levels can result in decreased brain pH, which has been implicated in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders. We previously demonstrated that such alterations are commonly observed in five mouse models of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism, suggesting a shared endophenotype among these disorders rather than mere artifacts due to medications or agonal state. However, there is still limited research on this phenomenon in animal models, leaving its generality across other disease animal models uncertain. Moreover, the association between changes in brain lactate levels and specific behavioral abnormalities remains unclear. To address these gaps, the International Brain pH Project Consortium investigated brain pH and lactate levels in 109 strains/conditions of 2294 animals with genetic and other experimental manipulations relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders. Systematic analysis revealed that decreased brain pH and increased lactate levels were common features observed in multiple models of depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and some additional schizophrenia models. While certain autism models also exhibited decreased pH and increased lactate levels, others showed the opposite pattern, potentially reflecting subpopulations within the autism spectrum. Furthermore, utilizing large-scale behavioral test battery, a multivariate cross-validated prediction analysis demonstrated that poor working memory performance was predominantly associated with increased brain lactate levels. Importantly, this association was confirmed in an independent cohort of animal models. Collectively, these findings suggest that altered brain pH and lactate levels, which could be attributed to dysregulated excitation/inhibition balance, may serve as transdiagnostic endophenotypes of debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive impairment, irrespective of their beneficial or detrimental nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Giovanni Sala
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takamiya
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mika Tanaka
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Mihiro Shibutani
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kei Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Akito Nakao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Katori
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Matthieu Raveau
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tatsukawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Genetics, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Kagawa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Keizo Takao
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiran Sapkota
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Nakazawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, United States
| | - Tsuyoshi Takagi
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Haruki Fujisawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sugimura
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Nanette Deneen Hannah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - Shuji Wakatsuki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Freesia L Huang
- Program of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kota Tamada
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isabella A Graef
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hikari Hatakama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hoshiba
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Miyake
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kisho Obi-Nagata
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi-Takagi
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Léa J Becker
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yoko Hagino
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Moriya
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyopil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hikari Otabi
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshida
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical Science (IUCAM), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michiru Ida-Eto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaaki Narita
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Emiko Okuda-Ashitaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iori Ohmori
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Shimada
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanato Yamagata
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ageta
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Fukasawa
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tayo Katano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Tanaka
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Transdiciplinary Research Program, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishikawa
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishimura
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nakada
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Hirotsune
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Egawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Glycan & Life Systems Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sugo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamamoto
- Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kubo
- Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Rie Ohashi
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shiina
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Higo-Yamamoto
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tamio Furuse
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daiki X Sato
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukiko U Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yuriko Komine
- Young Researcher Support Group, Research Enhancement Strategy Office, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Arai Y, Sasayama D, Kuraishi A, Sahara R, Murata S, Tanaka A, Amemiya K, Usuda N, Kuraishi K, Washizuka S. Sodium Valproate Use in Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia and Coronavirus Disease Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Pneumonia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5953. [PMID: 37762894 PMCID: PMC10532378 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a known risk factor for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and severity, and certain psychotropic drugs have been linked to increased mortality in infected patients with schizophrenia. However, little evidence exists regarding this risk. We retrospectively examined the association between mood stabilizers and the risk of pneumonia in patients with schizophrenia. This study included 99 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were infected with COVID-19 in 2022 and met the inclusion criteria. After conducting propensity score matching to align patient backgrounds and concomitant medications, we assessed the impact of mood stabilizers, specifically sodium valproate, on the risk of pneumonia development. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with schizophrenia and COVID-19 who developed pneumonia were more likely to be older (64.5 [14.2] vs. 57.4 [11.5] years, p = 0.008) and using sodium valproate (44.4% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.004). Even after propensity score matching, patients who developed pneumonia were still more likely to be receiving sodium valproate than not (58.8% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.003). Sodium valproate use may be a risk factor for the development of pneumonia in patients with chronic schizophrenia who are infected with COVID-19 during long-term hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (S.W.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan; (A.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (A.T.); (K.A.); (N.U.); (K.K.)
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Akira Kuraishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan; (A.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (A.T.); (K.A.); (N.U.); (K.K.)
| | - Reiko Sahara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan; (A.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (A.T.); (K.A.); (N.U.); (K.K.)
| | - Shiho Murata
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan; (A.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (A.T.); (K.A.); (N.U.); (K.K.)
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan; (A.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (A.T.); (K.A.); (N.U.); (K.K.)
| | - Kotaro Amemiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan; (A.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (A.T.); (K.A.); (N.U.); (K.K.)
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan; (A.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (A.T.); (K.A.); (N.U.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuaki Kuraishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano-City 380-0921, Japan; (A.K.); (R.S.); (S.M.); (A.T.); (K.A.); (N.U.); (K.K.)
| | - Shinsuke Washizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto-City 390-8621, Japan; (Y.A.); (S.W.)
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Arai Y, Sasayama D, Kuraishi K, Murata S, Usuda N, Tsuchida M, Nakajima Y, Washizuka S. Analysis of the effect of brexpiprazole on sleep architecture in patients with schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:112-119. [PMID: 36606399 PMCID: PMC10009411 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brexpiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic drug widely used in Japan for the treatment of schizophrenia. Previous studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of some antipsychotics on sleep variables; however, to our knowledge, the effects of brexpiprazole on sleep architecture have not been examined in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, we aimed to exploratorily investigate the effect of brexpiprazole on sleep variables measured by polysomnography in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS This study included 10 patients with schizophrenia who were originally treated with haloperidol alone. Sleep variables of the participants were measured using polysomnography. After excluding those who did not meet the study criteria, seven patients (five men and two women; mean age [SD], 59.0 [10.0] years) were eligible for further analysis. Polysomnography was repeated at 4 weeks after the participants were prescribed brexpiprazole in addition to haloperidol. We compared the sleep architecture of the participants, measured using polysomnography, before and after taking brexpiprazole. RESULTS Add-on brexpiprazole significantly prolonged rapid eye movement latency, increased the duration and percentage of stage N2 and stage N3 sleep (min, %), and decreased the duration and percentage of stage rapid eye movement sleep (min, %) at a significance level of nominal p < 0.05. CONCLUSION Although not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons, the present results showed that add-on brexpiprazole could alter the sleep architecture of patients with schizophrenia. Future studies are warranted to replicate these findings and to further investigate the beneficial influence of brexpiprazole on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Shiho Murata
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mika Tsuchida
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakajima
- Department of Psychiatry, Kurita Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Washizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Arai Y, Sasayama D, Takeuchi Y, Inada S, Usuda N, Tanaka A, Murata S, Kuraishi K, Washizuka S, Washizuka S. A Case of Adult Tourette Syndrome: Iron Administration Reduces Tic Severity. Psychiatr Danub 2022; 34:719-721. [PMID: 36548887 DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2022.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto-City, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan,
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5
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Johkura K, Usuda N, Tanaka Y, Fukasawa M, Murata K, Noda T, Ohno N. OUP accepted manuscript. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:262-270. [PMID: 35535544 PMCID: PMC9535788 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Johkura
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (N.U.); (N.O.)
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Motoaki Fukasawa
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences (Anatomy II), Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Noda
- Department of Occupational Therapy (Anatomy), Biwako Professional University of Rehabilitation, 967 Kitasakacho, Higashiomi, Shiga 527-0145, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (N.U.); (N.O.)
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6
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Sonoi Y, Tanaka Y, Nishizawa J, Usuda N. A soft tactile sensor featuring subcutaneous tissue structure with collagen fibers. Adv Robot 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2020.1860817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Sonoi
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y. Tanaka
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - J. Nishizawa
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - N. Usuda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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7
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Usuda N, Shirakawa K, Hatano K, Abe MO, Yunoki T, Yano T. Coherence between oscillations in the cardiorespiratory system and tissue oxygen index in muscle recovering from intensive exercise in humans. Physiol Int 2019; 106:261-271. [PMID: 31602997 DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the tissue oxygen index (TOI) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy oscillates at very low frequencies during recovery after exercise and that this oscillation is derived from interactions among biochemical substances involved in oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. As a further step, we examined whether TOI in muscle interacts through oscillation with factors related to oxygen in the cardiorespiratory system. For this examination, coherence and phase difference between the TOI in the vastus lateralis and heart rate (HR) and between TOI and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were sequentially determined during recovery (2-60 min) after severe cycle exercise with a workload of 7.5% of body weight for 20 s. Significant coherence between TOI and HR was obtained in the very low-frequency band (approximate range: 0.002-0.03 Hz) and in the low-frequency band (approximate range: 0.06-0.12 Hz). The phase difference was negative in the low-frequency band and positive in the very low-frequency band. The coherence between TOI and SpO2 was significant in the very low-frequency band. The phase difference was negative. There were no sequential changes in these coherences and phase differences. The results suggest that TOI in skeletal muscle interrelates with factors related to the heart and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Usuda
- Graduate school of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Shirakawa
- Graduate school of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Hatano
- Graduate school of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M O Abe
- Department of Human Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Yunoki
- Department of Human Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Yano
- Department of Human Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Kan L, Jain S, Cook W, Cao WQ, Usuda N, Yeldandi AV, Rao MS, Kanwar YS, Reddy JK. Cloning and expression of the mouse deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase gene: differs from the rat enzyme in that it lacks nuclear receptor interacting LXXLL motif. Gene Expr 2018; 8:231-46. [PMID: 10794525 PMCID: PMC6157361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the cloning of rat deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) cDNA and demonstrated that the full-length protein as well as the N-terminal 62-amino acid peptide interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). We now report the cloning of mouse dUTPase cDNA and show that it contains a 162-amino acid open reading frame, encoding a protein with a predicted Mr of 17,400 and differs from rat cDNA, which contains additional 43 amino acids at the N-terminal end. Unlike rat dUTPase, mouse dUTPase failed to bind PPARalpha. An evaluation of 205 amino acid containing rat dUTPase cDNA revealed that the N-terminal 43 extra amino acid segment contains an LXXLL signature motif, considered necessary and sufficient for the binding of several cofactors with nuclear receptors, and its absence in murine dUTPase possibly accounts for the differential binding of these enzymes to PPARalpha. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies revealed that, in the adult mouse, dUTPase is expressed at high levels in proliferating cells of colonic mucosa, and of germinal epithelium in testis. At 9.5-day mouse embryonic development, dUTPase expression is predominantly in developing neural epithelium, and hepatic primordium, and in later developmental stages (11.5-, 13.5-, and 15.5-day embryo), the expression began to be localized to the liver, kidney, gut epithelium, thymus, granular layer of the cerebellum, and olfactory epithelium. We also show that the murine dUTPase gene comprises 6 exons and the 5'-flanking region of -1479 to -27, which exhibited high promoter activity, contains a typical TATA box and multiple cis-elements such as Sp-1, AP2, AP3, AP4, Ker1, RREB, and CREB binding sites. These observations suggest the existence of variants of dUTPase, some of which may influence nuclear receptor function during development and differentiation, in addition to catalyzing the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Kan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - William Cook
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Wen-Qing Cao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Anjana V. Yeldandi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - M. Sambasiva Rao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yashpal S. Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Janardan K. Reddy
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
- Address correspondence to Janardan K. Reddy, Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-3008. Tel: (312) 503-8144; Fax: (312) 503-8249; E-mail:
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9
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Aoyama M, Takeuchi M, Takayasu M. Expression of Autophagy Signaling Molecules in the Outer Membranes of Chronic Subdural Hematomas. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:403-407. [PMID: 30106666 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is fundamentally treatable, although it sometimes recurs. We observed, however, several cases of spontaneous resolution of CSDH outer membranes, even in a trabecular type of CSDH, after a trepanation surgical procedure. In this study, we examined the expression of molecules of the autophagy signaling pathway in CSDH outer membranes. Eight patients whose outer membranes were obtained successfully during trepanation were included in this study. By Western blot analysis, we examined the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); GβL; UNC-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1); Beclin-1; autophagy-related genes (Atg) 3, 5, 7, 12, 13, and 16L1β,α; the autophagy marker Light Chain3A/B (LC3A/B); and β-actin, which constitute the autophagy signaling pathway. The expression levels of Beclin-1, Atg12, and LC3A/B were also examined by immunohistochemistry. Almost all of these molecules could be detected in all samples. Beclin-1, Atg12, and LC3A/B were found to be localized in the endothelial cells of vessels and fibroblasts in CSDH. We detected molecules of the autophagy signaling pathway in CSDH outer membranes. Autophagy contributes to the tissue homeostatic process, maintaining cellular integrity by clearing debris. Our data suggest that autophagy might play an important role in the spontaneous resolution of CSDH. Therefore, these molecules may be novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of those with CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- 2 High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- 3 Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi, Japan
| | - Mikinobu Takeuchi
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi, Japan
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10
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Nakao A, Miyazaki N, Ohira K, Hagihara H, Takagi T, Usuda N, Ishii S, Murata K, Miyakawa T. Immature morphological properties in subcellular-scale structures in the dentate gyrus of Schnurri-2 knockout mice: a model for schizophrenia and intellectual disability. Mol Brain 2017; 10:60. [PMID: 29233179 PMCID: PMC5727961 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that subcellular-scale structures such as dendritic spine and mitochondria may be involved in the pathogenesis/pathophysiology of schizophrenia and intellectual disability. Previously, we proposed mice lacking Schnurri-2 (Shn2; also called major histocompatibility complex [MHC]-binding protein 2 [MBP-2], or human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 2 [HIVEP2]) as a schizophrenia and intellectual disability model with mild chronic inflammation. In the mutants’ brains, there are increases in C4b and C1q genes, which are considered to mediate synapse elimination during postnatal development. However, morphological properties of subcellular-scale structures such as dendritic spine in Shn2 knockout (KO) mice remain unknown. In this study, we conducted three-dimensional morphological analyses in subcellular-scale structures in dentate gyrus granule cells of Shn2 KO mice by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. Shn2 KO mice showed immature dendritic spine morphology characterized by increases in spine length and decreases in spine diameter. There was a non-significant tendency toward decrease in spine density of Shn2 KO mice over wild-type mice, and spine volume was indistinguishable between genotypes. Shn2 KO mice exhibited a significant reduction in GluR1 expression and a nominally significant decrease in SV2 expression, while PSD95 expression had a non-significant tendency to decrease in Shn2 KO mice. There were significant decreases in dendrite diameter, nuclear volume, and the number of constricted mitochondria in the mutants. Additionally, neuronal density was elevated in Shn2 KO mice. These results suggest that Shn2 KO mice serve as a unique tool for investigating morphological abnormalities of subcellular-scale structures in schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nakao
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Ohira
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takagi
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan.,RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Aoyama M, Iwami K, Takeuchi M, Watabe T, Takayasu M. Expression of Caspase Signaling Components in the Outer Membranes of Chronic Subdural Hematomas. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3192-3197. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Iwami
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mikinobu Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeya Watabe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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12
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Aoyama M, Iwami K, Takeuchi M, Watabe T, Takayasu M. Inhibitory Mechanism of the Outer Membrane Growth of Chronic Subdural Hematomas. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1996-2000. [PMID: 28027695 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) activates the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway in fibroblasts within the outer membranes of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs), and the activation of this pathway may induce CSDH outer membrane growth. The inhibitory system for this signal transduction pathway is unknown. CSDH fluids were obtained from 10 patients during trepanation surgery as the case group, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were obtained from seven patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on Day 1 as the control group. The concentrations of IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and soluble gp130 (sgp130) in CSDH fluid and CSF were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. The co-localization of IL-6 and sgp130 in CSDH fluid was examined by immunoprecipitation. The expression levels of STAT3, JAK2, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and protein inhibitor of activated Stat3 (PIAS3) in the outer membranes of CSDHs were examined by immunostaining. Soluble IL-6R and sgp130 concentrations in CSDH fluid were significantly higher than those in CSF after SAH. Sgp130 and IL-6 were co-immunoprecipitated from CSDH fluid. Immunostaining revealed STAT3, JAK2, SOCS3, and PIAS3 expression in fibroblasts located in the outer membranes of CSDHs. Soluble gp130 binds to IL-6/sIL-6R and acts as an antagonist of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. SOCS3 also binds to JAK and inhibits its signaling pathway. In addition, PIAS3 regulates STAT3 activation. These factors might down-regulate the IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling pathway in fibroblasts within CSDH outer membranes. Therefore, these molecules may be novel therapeutic targets for the inhibition of CSDH growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi , Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- 2 High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- 3 Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi , Japan
| | - Kenichiro Iwami
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi , Japan
| | - Mikinobu Takeuchi
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi , Japan
| | - Takeya Watabe
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi , Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University Aichi , Japan
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Aoyama M, Kawaguchi R, Takeuchi M, Takayasu M. Activation of Nuclear Factor-kappa B in Endothelial Cells of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Outer Membranes. Neurosurgery 2017; 80:571-578. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharm-aceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
| | - Reo Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
| | - Mikinobu Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ai-chi Medical University, Nagakute, Ai-chi, Japan
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14
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Aoyama M, Osuka K, Usuda N, Watanabe Y, Kawaguchi R, Nakura T, Takayasu M. Expression of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Outer Membranes. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:1064-70. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Aoyama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reo Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakura
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
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16
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Fukao T, Akiba K, Goto M, Kuwayama N, Morita M, Hori T, Aoyama Y, Venkatesan R, Wierenga R, Moriyama Y, Hashimoto T, Usuda N, Murayama K, Ohtake A, Hasegawa Y, Shigematsu Y, Hasegawa Y. The first case in Asia of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (HSD10 disease) with atypical presentation. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:609-14. [PMID: 25231369 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (2M3HBD) deficiency (HSD10 disease) is a rare inborn error of metabolism, and <30 cases have been reported worldwide. This disorder is typically characterized by progressive neurodegenerative disease from 6 to 18 months of age. Here, we report the first patient with this disorder in Asia, with atypical clinical presentation. A 6-year-old boy, who had been well, presented with severe ketoacidosis following a 5-day history of gastroenteritis. Urinary organic acid analysis showed elevated excretion of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and tiglylglycine. He was tentatively diagnosed with β-ketothiolase (T2) deficiency. However, repeated enzyme assays using lymphocytes showed normal T2 activity and no T2 mutation was found. Instead, a hemizygous c.460G>A (p.A154T) mutation was identified in the HSD17B10 gene. This mutation was not found in 258 alleles from Japanese subjects (controls). A normal level of the HSD17B10 protein was found by immunoblot analysis but no 2M3HBD enzyme activity was detected in enzyme assays using the patient's fibroblasts. These data confirmed that this patient was affected with HSD10 disease. He has had no neurological regression until now. His fibroblasts showed punctate and fragmented mitochondrial organization by MitoTracker staining and had relatively low respiratory chain complex IV activity to those of other complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Fukao
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan [2] Medical Information Sciences Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Akiba
- Department of General Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuki Kuwayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mikiko Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuka Aoyama
- Medical Information Sciences Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Rajaram Venkatesan
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rik Wierenga
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Yohsuke Moriyama
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- 1] Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan [2] Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shigematsu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hasegawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Aoyama M, Takeuchi M, Takayasu M. Eotaxin-3 Activates the Smad Pathway through the Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Outer Membranes. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1451-6. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mikinobu Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
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18
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Osuka K, Usuda N, Aoyama M, Yamahata H, Takeuchi M, Yasuda M, Takayasu M. Expression of the JAK/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway in herniated lumbar discs. Neurosci Lett 2014; 569:55-8. [PMID: 24686183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in causing symptoms of lumbar disk herniation. The present study clarifies the expression of the signaling pathway of IL-6 in herniated discs. Homogenates prepared from lumbar herniated discs from 10 patients were assessed. The expression of janus kinase 1 (JAK1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 at Tyr(705), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and actin was examined by Western blot analysis. The expression of JAK1, STAT3, and p-STAT3 at Tyr(705) was also examined by immunostaining. JAK1, STAT3, p-STAT3 at Tyr(705) and SOCS3 were detected in almost all cases. Immunoreactivity against JAK1 and STAT3 was observed mainly in chondrocytes, whereas immunoreactivity against p-STAT3 at Tyr(705) was observed in the nuclei of chondrocytes. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway might be activated by IL-6 and transmit messages from the cell surface to the nucleus, and the pathway is negatively regulated by SOCS3. These JAK1, STAT3 and SOCS3 molecules might tightly regulate and play a role in the degeneration of chondrocytes within herniated discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoyama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamahata
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mikinobu Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Yasuda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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19
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Takao K, Kobayashi K, Hagihara H, Ohira K, Shoji H, Hattori S, Koshimizu H, Umemori J, Toyama K, Nakamura HK, Kuroiwa M, Maeda J, Atsuzawa K, Esaki K, Yamaguchi S, Furuya S, Takagi T, Walton NM, Hayashi N, Suzuki H, Higuchi M, Usuda N, Suhara T, Nishi A, Matsumoto M, Ishii S, Miyakawa T. Deficiency of schnurri-2, an MHC enhancer binding protein, induces mild chronic inflammation in the brain and confers molecular, neuronal, and behavioral phenotypes related to schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1409-25. [PMID: 23389689 PMCID: PMC3682135 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schnurri-2 (Shn-2), an nuclear factor-κB site-binding protein, tightly binds to the enhancers of major histocompatibility complex class I genes and inflammatory cytokines, which have been shown to harbor common variant single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with schizophrenia. Although genes related to immunity are implicated in schizophrenia, there has been no study showing that their mutation or knockout (KO) results in schizophrenia. Here, we show that Shn-2 KO mice have behavioral abnormalities that resemble those of schizophrenics. The mutant brain demonstrated multiple schizophrenia-related phenotypes, including transcriptome/proteome changes similar to those of postmortem schizophrenia patients, decreased parvalbumin and GAD67 levels, increased theta power on electroencephalograms, and a thinner cortex. Dentate gyrus granule cells failed to mature in mutants, a previously proposed endophenotype of schizophrenia. Shn-2 KO mice also exhibited mild chronic inflammation of the brain, as evidenced by increased inflammation markers (including GFAP and NADH/NADPH oxidase p22 phox), and genome-wide gene expression patterns similar to various inflammatory conditions. Chronic administration of anti-inflammatory drugs reduced hippocampal GFAP expression, and reversed deficits in working memory and nest-building behaviors in Shn-2 KO mice. These results suggest that genetically induced changes in immune system can be a predisposing factor in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Takao
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kobayashi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Koji Ohira
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Koshimizu
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Keiko Toyama
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hironori K Nakamura
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Mahomi Kuroiwa
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan,Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jun Maeda
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimie Atsuzawa
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kayoko Esaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shun Yamaguchi
- Division of Morphological Neuroscience, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takagi
- RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Japan,Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Noah M Walton
- Astellas Research Institute of America LLC, Skokie, IL, USA
| | - Nobuhiro Hayashi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan,Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Ishii
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan,Section of Behavior Patterns, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan,Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan. Tel: +81 562 93 9375, Fax: +81 562 92 5328, E-mail:
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20
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Takayasu M. Phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase at Ser1412 in the dentate gyrus of rat brain after transient forebrain ischemia. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:269-74. [PMID: 23806217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaM-KIIα) phosphorylates nNOS at Ser(847) in the hippocampus after forebrain ischemia; this phosphorylation attenuates NOS activity and might contribute to resistance to post-ischemic damage. We also revealed that cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) could phosphorylate nNOS at Ser(1412)in vitro. In this study, we focused on chronological and topographical changes in the phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser(1412) after rat forebrain ischemia. The hippocampus and adjacent cortex were collected at different times, up to 24h, after 15min of forebrain ischemia. NOS was partially purified from crude samples using ADP agarose gel. Neuronal NOS, phosphorylated (p)-nNOS at Ser(1412), PKA, and p-PKA at Thr(197) were studied in the rat hippocampus and cortex using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis revealed that p-nNOS at Ser(1412) significantly increased between 1 and 6h after reperfusion in the hippocampus, but not in the cortex. PKA was cosedimented with nNOS by ADP agarose gel. Immunohistochemistry revealed that phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser(1412) and PKA at Thr(197) occurred in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus. Forebrain ischemia might thereby induce temporary activation of PKA at Thr(197), which then phosphorylates nNOS at Ser(1412) in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Karimata Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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21
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Joko M, Osuka K, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Aoyama M, Takayasu M. Different modifications of phosphorylated Smad3C and Smad3L through TGF-β after spinal cord injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 2013; 549:168-72. [PMID: 23727390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and is expressed in the injured spinal cord. TGF-β signals through receptors to activate Smad proteins, which translocate into the nucleus. In the present study, we investigated the chronological alterations and cellular locations of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway following spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. ELISA analysis showed that the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in injured spinal cords significantly increases immediately after SCI, while the concentration of TGF-β gradually increased after SCI, peaked at 2 days, and then gradually decreased. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that Smad3 was mainly expressed in neurons of the spinal cord. Phosphorylated Smad3 at the C-terminus (p-Smad3C) was stained within the motor neurons in the anterior horn, while phosphorylated Smad3 at the linker regions (p-Smad3L) was expressed in astrocytes within gray matter. These findings suggest that SCI induces gradual increases in TGF-β and induces different activation of p-Smad3C and p-Smad3L. Phosphorylated Smad3C might be involved in neuronal degeneration after SCI, and p-Smad3L may play a role in glial scar formation by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Joko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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22
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Fukasawa M, Atsuzawa K, Mizutani K, Nakazawa A, Usuda N. Immunohistochemical localization of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes in rat testis. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 58:195-206. [PMID: 19875848 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.954693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The testis consists of two types of tissues, the interstitial tissue and the seminiferous tubule, which have different functions and are assumed to have different nutritional metabolism. The localization of enzymes of the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation system in the testis was investigated to obtain a better understanding of nutrient metabolism in the testis. Adult rat testis tissues were subjected to immunoblot analysis for quantitation of the amounts of enzyme proteins, to DNA microarray analysis for gene expression, and to immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy for localization. Quantitative analysis by immunoblot and DNA microarray revealed that enzymes occur abundantly in Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue but much less so in the seminiferous tubules. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules contain a full set of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes in relatively plentiful amounts among the cells in the testis, but that this is not so in spermatogenic cells. This characteristic localization of the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation system in the testis needs further elucidation in terms of a possible role for it in the nutritional metabolism of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Fukasawa
- Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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23
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Danev R, Okawara H, Usuda N, Kametani K, Nagayama K. A Novel Phase-contrast Transmission Electron Microscopy Producing High-contrast Topographic Images of Weak objects. J Biol Phys 2013; 28:627-35. [PMID: 23345803 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021234621466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel class of transmission electron microscope (TEM), the difference-contrast electron microscope (DTEM), which displays nanostructures of thin specimen objects in a topographical manner. Topography obtained by the difference-contrast develops shadowgraphs in pseudo three-dimension, namely volume-like representation of projected objects as if things are illuminated by light from one direction. The specific optical device tomanipulate electron waves for DTEM is the hemicircular π phase-plate, which appears to be quite distinguishable from the Zernike phase plate utilized in Zernike phase-contrast TEM, while both have to be placed onto the back-focal plane of the objective lens. The topographic images obtained with DTEM for ultrathin sections of kidney cells were compared with those obtained with conventional TEM. DTEM confirmed the experimental advantage of high contrast topography by visualizing ultrastructural details inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Danev
- Department of Physiological Sciences, the Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
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24
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Kuramoto K, Okamura T, Yamaguchi T, Nakamura TY, Wakabayashi S, Morinaga H, Nomura M, Yanase T, Otsu K, Usuda N, Matsumura S, Inoue K, Fushiki T, Kojima Y, Hashimoto T, Sakai F, Hirose F, Osumi T. Perilipin 5, a lipid droplet-binding protein, protects heart from oxidative burden by sequestering fatty acid from excessive oxidation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:23852-63. [PMID: 22532565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.328708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles storing neutral lipids, including triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol ester. The properties of LDs vary greatly among tissues, and LD-binding proteins, the perilipin family in particular, play critical roles in determining such diversity. Overaccumulation of TAG in LDs of non-adipose tissues may cause lipotoxicity, leading to diseases such as diabetes and cardiomyopathy. However, the physiological significance of non-adipose LDs in a normal state is poorly understood. To address this issue, we generated and characterized mice deficient in perilipin 5 (Plin5), a member of the perilipin family particularly abundant in the heart. The mutant mice lacked detectable LDs, containing significantly less TAG in the heart. Particulate structures containing another LD-binding protein, Plin2, but negative for lipid staining, remained in mutant mice hearts. LDs were recovered by perfusing the heart with an inhibitor of lipase. Cultured cardiomyocytes from Plin5-null mice more actively oxidized fatty acid than those of wild-type mice. Production of reactive oxygen species was increased in the mutant mice hearts, leading to a greater decline in heart function with age. This was, however, reduced by the administration of N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of an antioxidant, glutathione. Thus, we conclude that Plin5 is essential for maintaining LDs at detectable sizes in the heart, by antagonizing lipase(s). LDs in turn prevent excess reactive oxygen species production by sequestering fatty acid from oxidation and hence suppress oxidative burden to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kuramoto
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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25
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Yasuda M, Aoshima C, Wakabayashi T, Takayasu M. Activation of STAT1 in Neurons Following Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:2236-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Funai M, Osuka K, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Inukai T, Yasuda M, Watanabe Y, Takayasu M. Activation of PI3 Kinase/Akt Signaling in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Outer Membranes. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:1127-31. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Funai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi-gun, Japan
| | - Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi-gun, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kimie Atsuzawa
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Inukai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi-gun, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Yasuda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi-gun, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- High Technology Research Center, Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takayasu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi-gun, Japan
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27
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Yoshida J, Takayasu M. Modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase through AMPK after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurotrauma 2010; 26:1157-65. [PMID: 19226196 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) induces dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), resulting in severe vasospasm. Clinically, however, some portions of cerebral arteries may show only mild vasospasm. Although severe vasospastic arteries after SAH have been intensively studied, activity of eNOS associated with the mild form of the disease has received less attention. The purpose of the present study was to clarify molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of eNOS activity in mild vasospastic arteries after SAH. In a rat single-hemorrhage model, basilar arteries were obtained up to 7 days after SAH. Western blot analysis was used to study the temporal profiles of eNOS, phosphorylated (p)-eNOS at Ser(1177) or Thr(495), inducible NOS (iNOS), AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK alpha, p-AMPK alpha at Thr(172)Akt, p-Akt at Ser(473), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and p-PKA at Thr(197) in basilar arteries. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to examine the spatial expression patterns of p-eNOS at Ser(1177) and p-AMPK alpha at Thr(172). Western blot analysis showed eNOS to be significantly phosphorylated at Ser(1177) from 1 to 2 days after SAH, accompanied by upregulation of iNOS and AMPK, while activation states of Akt and PKA did not show significant change. Immunohistochemistry revealed phosphorylation of eNOS and AMPK alpha in endothelial cells of the basilar artery. SAH might thus induce temporary activation of AMPK alpha, which phosphorylates eNOS at Ser(1177) in endothelial cells of mild vasospastic basilar arteries. This signal transduction may play an important role in controlling cerebral blood flow after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Osuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Karimata Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi-gun, Japan
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28
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Yamamoto Y, Usuda N, Oghiso Y, Kuwahara Y, Fukumoto M. The uneven irradiation of a target cell and its dynamic movement can mathematically explain incubation period for the induction of cancer by internally deposited radionuclides. Health Phys 2010; 99:388-393. [PMID: 20699702 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3181cd4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation from internally deposited radionuclides induces malignant tumors. Ingested radionuclides accumulate in specific organs, which are irradiated over a lifelong period. Our aim is to elucidate why the development of malignant tumors requires long-term internal exposure, on the order of decades, despite the fact that irradiation is continuous over this period. Three major factors are considered to be responsible for the long incubation time in carcinogenesis caused by internally deposited alpha-emitters: uneven distribution of radionuclides, limited range of irradiation, and dynamic movement of tumor precursor cells. We hypothesized that target cells susceptible to malignant transformation may undergo one event by alpha particles and may then migrate outside of the range of alpha particles, thereby avoiding immediate induction of successive additional events that would lead to cell death or neoplastic changes. Based on this hypothesis, we further proposed a mathematical model to predict the relationship between dose rate and incubation period of tumors induced by internally deposited alpha-emitters. The function was non-linear and included terms of both direct and indirect radiation effects. It well fitted both human Th-ICC cases and rat Pu-induced lung cancer, suggesting that indirect radiation effects are independent from dose rate. The significance of parameters of the model is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
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Sato H, Usuda N, Kuroda M, Hashimoto S, Maruta M, Maeda K. Significance of Serum Concentrations of E-selectin and CA19-9 in the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Wakabayashi T, Takayasu M. Oxidative stress activates STAT1 in basilar arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Res 2010; 1332:12-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Chikawa J, Uegaki Y, Usuda N, Kuwahara Y, Fukumoto M. Histological type of Thorotrast-induced liver tumors associated with the translocation of deposited radionuclides. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:336-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Aly HH, Qi Y, Atsuzawa K, Usuda N, Takada Y, Mizokami M, Shimotohno K, Hijikata M. Strain-dependent viral dynamics and virus-cell interactions in a novel in vitro system supporting the life cycle of blood-borne hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 2009; 50:689-96. [PMID: 19489071 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We developed an in vitro system that can be used for the study of the life cycle of a wide variety of blood-borne hepatitis C viruses (HCV) from various patients using a three-dimensional hollow fiber culture system and an immortalized primary human hepatocyte (HuS-E/2) cell line. Unlike the conventional two-dimensional culture, this system not only enhanced the infectivity of blood-borne HCV but also supported its long-term proliferation and the production of infectious virus particles. Both sucrose gradient fractionation and electron microscopy examination showed that the produced virus-like particles are within a similar fraction and size range to those previously reported. Infection with different HCV strains showed strain-dependent different patterns of HCV proliferation and particle production. Fluctuation of virus proliferation and particle production was found during prolonged culture and was found to be associated with change in the major replicating virus strain. Induction of cellular apoptosis was only found when strains of HCV-2a genotype were used for infection. Interferon-alpha stimulation also varied among different strains of HCV-1b genotypes tested in this study. CONCLUSION These results suggest that this in vitro infection system can reproduce strain-dependent events reflecting viral dynamics and virus-cell interactions at the early phase of blood-borne HCV infection, and that this system can allow the development of new anti-HCV strategies specific to various HCV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Hassan Aly
- Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ito R, Morita M, Takahashi N, Shimozawa N, Usuda N, Imanaka T, Ito M. Identification of Pex5pM, and retarded maturation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase and acyl-CoA oxidase in CHO cells expressing mutant Pex5p isoforms. J Biochem 2009; 138:781-90. [PMID: 16428307 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvi175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we isolated CHO cells, termed SK32 cells, that express mutant Pex5p (G432R), and showed mislocalization of catalase in the cytosol, but peroxisomal localization of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (thiolase) in the mutant cells [Ito, R. et al. (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 288, 321-327]. While analyzing the mutant cells, we found a novel Pex5p isoform (Pex5pM), which was shorter by seven amino acids than Pex5pL and longer by 30 amino acids than Pex5pS. Similar levels of mRNA syntheses for the PEX5 gene were observed in both the wild type and mutant cells, but the protein levels of Pex5p isoforms were markedly reduced in the mutant cells cultured at 37 degrees C and only slightly discernible at 30 degrees C, suggesting that they could be rapidly degraded. Furthermore, we characterized the peroxisomal localization of thiolase and acyl-CoA oxidase (Aox) in SK32 cells. The proteins in the organelle fraction were protected from proteinase K-digestion in the mutant cells, indicating that they were translocated inside peroxisomes. However, the conversion of Aox from component A to components B and C was completely prevented at both 30 and 37 degrees C, and the precursor form of thiolase was partially processed to the mature one in a temperature-sensitive manner. Transformed SK32 cells stably expressing one of the wild type Pex5p isoforms were isolated, and then the maturation steps for thiolase and Aox were examined. Pex5pM and S restored the processing of the two enzymes, but Pex5pL did not. In addition, Pex5pL prevented the maturation of thiolase observed at 30 degrees C. These results indicate that (i) the novel Pex5pM is functional and (ii) a seven amino acids-insertion, which is present in the L isoform but absent in the M isoform, plays some role in the process of maturation of thiolase and Aox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsu Ito
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501
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Ito H, Atsuzawa K, Morishita R, Usuda N, Sudo K, Iwamoto I, Mizutani K, Katoh-Semba R, Nozawa Y, Asano T, Nagata KI. Sept8 controls the binding of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 to synaptophysin. J Neurochem 2009. [PMID: 19196426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05849x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Septins, a conserved family of GTP/GDP-binding proteins, are present in organisms as diverse as yeast and mammals. We analyzed the distribution of five septins, Sept6, Sept7, Sept8, Sept9 and Sept11, in various rat tissues by western blot analyses and found all septins to be expressed in brain. We also examined the developmental changes of expression of these septins in the rat brain and found that the level of Sept8 increased during post-natal development. Morphological analyses revealed that Sept8 is enriched at pre-synapses. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE), as an interacting protein for Sept8. Synaptophysin is reported to associate with and recruit VAMP2 to synaptic vesicles and dissociate prior to forming the SNARE complex consisting of VAMP2, syntaxin and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa. We showed that Sept8 suppresses the interaction between VAMP2 and synaptophysin through binding to VAMP2. In addition, we found that Sept8 forms a complex with syntaxin1A, and the Sept8-VAMP2 interaction is disrupted by synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa. These results suggest that Sept8 may participate in the process of the SNARE complex formation and subsequent neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ito
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
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35
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Ito H, Atsuzawa K, Morishita R, Usuda N, Sudo K, Iwamoto I, Mizutani K, Katoh-Semba R, Nozawa Y, Asano T, Nagata KI. Sept8 controls the binding of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 to synaptophysin. J Neurochem 2009; 108:867-80. [PMID: 19196426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Septins, a conserved family of GTP/GDP-binding proteins, are present in organisms as diverse as yeast and mammals. We analyzed the distribution of five septins, Sept6, Sept7, Sept8, Sept9 and Sept11, in various rat tissues by western blot analyses and found all septins to be expressed in brain. We also examined the developmental changes of expression of these septins in the rat brain and found that the level of Sept8 increased during post-natal development. Morphological analyses revealed that Sept8 is enriched at pre-synapses. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE), as an interacting protein for Sept8. Synaptophysin is reported to associate with and recruit VAMP2 to synaptic vesicles and dissociate prior to forming the SNARE complex consisting of VAMP2, syntaxin and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa. We showed that Sept8 suppresses the interaction between VAMP2 and synaptophysin through binding to VAMP2. In addition, we found that Sept8 forms a complex with syntaxin1A, and the Sept8-VAMP2 interaction is disrupted by synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa. These results suggest that Sept8 may participate in the process of the SNARE complex formation and subsequent neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ito
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
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36
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Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Nagayama K. Effective detection of histochemical reaction products by phase contrast electron microscopy. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.652.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuteru Usuda
- Anatomy IIFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Kimie Atsuzawa
- Anatomy IIFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
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Fukasawa M, Atsuzawa K, Matsuzawa A, Usuda N. Characterization of the nutrient‐metabolism in Sertoli cells by immunohistochemical and DNA microarray analyses. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.652.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimie Atsuzawa
- AnatomyFujita health university school of medicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Ayami Matsuzawa
- AnatomyFujita health university school of medicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- AnatomyFujita health university school of medicineToyoakeJapan
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Yamamoto Y, Usuda N, Takatsuji T, Kuwahara Y, Fukumoto M. Long Incubation Period for the Induction of Cancer by Thorotrast is Attributed to the Uneven Irradiation of Liver Cells at the Microscopic Level. Radiat Res 2009; 171:494-503. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1492.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Atsuzawa K, Usuda N, Nakazawa A, Fukasawa M, Danev R, Sugitani S, Nagayama K. High-contrast imaging of plastic-embedded tissues by phase contrast electron microscopy. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2009; 58:35-45. [PMID: 19213805 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfp004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phase contrast electron microscopy utilizing phase plates has been considered suitable for high-contrast observation of weak phase objects. This novel technique was newly applied to histochemically stained strong phase objects of osmificated biological specimens. Sections of various thicknesses, specifically stained for the Golgi apparatus by the ZIO technique using the heavy metals Zn and Os, were observed with a phase contrast electron microscope in Zernike and Hilbert imaging modes. Quantitative analysis of image contrast in real space and the power spectrum in Fourier space showed a high-contrast gain even for strong phase objects. This result clearly indicates that phase contrast electron microscopy can be effectively used not only for weak phase objects but also for strong phase objects in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Atsuzawa
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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40
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Atsuzawa K, Fukasawa M, Usuda N. Immunohistochemical and DNA microarray analysis of rat retinal Müller cells. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.652.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Atsuzawa
- Anatomy IIFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Motoaki Fukasawa
- Anatomy IIFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Anatomy IIFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
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41
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Yoshida J, Takayasu M. Modification of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase through AMPK after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Neurotrauma 2009. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008-0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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42
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Ito H, Atsuzawa K, Sudo K, Di Stefano P, Iwamoto I, Morishita R, Takei S, Semba R, Defilippi P, Asano T, Usuda N, Nagata KI. Characterization of a multidomain adaptor protein, p140Cap, as part of a pre-synaptic complex. J Neurochem 2008; 107:61-72. [PMID: 18662323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
p140Cap (Cas-associated protein) is an adaptor protein considered to play pivotal roles in cell adhesion, growth and Src tyrosine kinase-related signaling in non-neuronal cells. It is also reported to interact with a pre-synaptic membrane protein, synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa, and may participate in neuronal secretion. However, properties and precise functions of p140Cap in neuronal cells are almost unknown. Here we show, using biochemical analyses, that p140Cap is expressed in rat brain in a developmental stage-dependent manner, and is relatively abundant in the synaptic plasma membrane fraction in adults. Immunohistochemistry showed localization of p140Cap in the neuropil in rat brain and immunofluorescent analyses detected p140Cap at synapses of primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Electron microscopy further revealed localization at pre- and post-synapses. Screening of p140Cap-binding proteins identified a multidomain adaptor protein, vinexin, whose third Src-homology 3 domain interacts with the C-terminal Pro-rich motif of p140Cap. Immunocomplexes between the two proteins were confirmed in COS7 and rat brain. We also clarified that a pre-synaptic protein, synaptophysin, interacts with p140Cap. These results suggest that p140Cap is involved in neurotransmitter release, synapse formation/maintenance, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Japan
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43
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Miyanari Y, Usuda N, Shimotohno K. [Strategy of HCV proliferation]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2008; 53:666-672. [PMID: 18409561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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44
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Niimi G, Usuda N, Shinzato M, Kaneko C, Nagamura Y, Pereda J. Histochemical study of the definitive erythropoietic foci in the chicken yolk sac. Ital J Anat Embryol 2008; 113:9-16. [PMID: 18491450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that avian yolk sac is involved in both primitive and definitive erythropoiesis during embryonic development. Definitive erythropoiesis is first detected at about 4-5 days incubation and its maximum activity is reached between day 10 and 15 of incubation, ending between days 18 and 20 of incubation. We confirmed the definitive erythropoietic foci in the chicken yolk sac throughout the 5th to 19th day of incubation by histochemical light and electron microscopy. The definitive erythropoietic foci were observed in the yolk sac endodermal layer from day 5 until day 19, just before hatching. Ultrastructurally, definitive erythropoietic foci were observed extravascularly in the yolk sac endodermal cell layer in direct contact with the vitellolysis zone. These findings provide a basis for clarifying definitive erythropoiesis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Niimi
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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45
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Inukai T, Osuka K, Takagi T, Usuda N, Yoshida J, Takayasu M. Activation of c-jun in the rat basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett 2007; 424:175-8. [PMID: 17723265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) initiates a series of cellular and molecular events, some of which involve a mitogen activated protein kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, precise details regarding activation of c-jun in the vessel wall after SAH largely remain to be elucidated. In this study, we therefore investigated the localization and time-dependent expression of c-jun in the rat basilar artery after SAH in a rat single-hemorrhage model featuring infusion of autologous arterial blood. Basilar arteries were obtained at 2, 6 and 12h and 1, 2, 4 and 7 days after SAH, as well as from controls. Western blot analysis with c-jun, phosphorylated c-jun at Ser(63), and actin antibodies revealed that c-jun was immediately phosphorylated at Ser(63) within 2h, thereafter gradually becoming dephosphorylated, while total c-jun and actin levels remained almost unchanged. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated phosphorylation of c-jun at Ser(63) to occur in smooth muscle cells of the basilar artery 2h after SAH. These results indicate that c-jun is activated in the basilar artery immediately after the onset of SAH, presumably resulting in transcription of immediate early genes and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Inukai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata Yazako, Nagakute, Aichi-gun 480-1195, Japan
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Miyanari Y, Atsuzawa K, Usuda N, Watashi K, Hishiki T, Zayas M, Bartenschlager R, Wakita T, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K. The lipid droplet is an important organelle for hepatitis C virus production. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:1089-97. [PMID: 17721513 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 953] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle that is used for the storage of neutral lipids. It dynamically moves through the cytoplasm, interacting with other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These interactions are thought to facilitate the transport of lipids and proteins to other organelles. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a causative agent of chronic liver diseases. HCV capsid protein (Core) associates with the LD, envelope proteins E1 and E2 reside in the ER lumen, and the viral replicase is assumed to localize on ER-derived membranes. How and where HCV particles are assembled, however, is poorly understood. Here, we show that the LD is involved in the production of infectious virus particles. We demonstrate that Core recruits nonstructural (NS) proteins and replication complexes to LD-associated membranes, and that this recruitment is critical for producing infectious viruses. Furthermore, virus particles were observed in close proximity to LDs, indicating that some steps of virus assembly take place around LDs. This study reveals a novel function of LDs in the assembly of infectious HCV and provides a new perspective on how viruses usurp cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyanari
- Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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47
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Niimi G, Hasegawa K, Usuda N, Shinzato M, Pereda J, Nagamura Y. Presence of erythrocytes in the villous trophoblast cell layer of normal first trimester and term human placentae. Ital J Anat Embryol 2007; 112:191-198. [PMID: 18078240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light and electron microscopic examination of first-trimester and term human placental tissues were performed to identify erythrocytes containing hemoglobin in the villous trophoblast cell layer. Erythrocytes were not identified in chorionic villous epithelium at week 7 of gestation. These cells first appeared in the villous cytotrophoblast at week 8, and continued to be present in the villous cytotrophoblast until week 9, as shown by benzidine staining. At week 12 gestation, a cluster of erythrocytes was present in a villous syncytial sprout. At 40 and 41 weeks gestation, erythrocytes were located in the villous cytotrophoblast cell layer. Electron microscopic observations focused on the cytoplasm of villous cytotrophoblast at week 8, the syncytial sprout at week 12 and the cytotrophoblast cell layer at term, confirmed the presence of erythrocytes at an extravascular location, as observed by light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Niimi
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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48
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Ito H, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Iwamoto I, Sudo K, Katoh-Semba R, Mizutani K, Morishita R, Deguchi T, Nozawa Y, Asano T, Nagata KI. Phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase of a multidomain adaptor protein, vinexin, at synapses. J Neurochem 2007; 100:545-54. [PMID: 17241162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vinexin is an adaptor protein that is supposed to play pivotal roles in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization and signaling. At least three splice variants, vinexinalpha, beta and gamma, have so far been reported. In spite of the possible importance of vinexin, the properties and functions of vinexin in neuronal cells are almost unknown. Here we show that vinexin isoforms are expressed in rat brain in a developmental stage-dependent manner, and that vinexinalpha is relatively abundant in the telencephalon regions of the adult rat brain. An immunohistochemical study showed the localization of vinexinalpha in neurons and glia in the rat brain. In primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons, vinexin was found to be present at synapses and filopodia in growth cones by immunofluorescent analyses. Biochemical fractionation revealed the distribution of vinexin in synaptosomes. Nerve terminal localization of vinexin was confirmed by electron microscopy. Vinexinbeta is reported to be phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) at Ser189, which is equivalent to Ser593 of vinexinalpha. We thus constructed a site- and phosphorylation state-specific antibody to monitor the ERK-mediated phosphorylation of vinexin. In immunofluorescent analyses, the phosphorylation was observed at synapses formed among cultured rat hippocampal neurons and it was reduced by treatment of the cells with PD98059. In an immunoelectron microscopic examination, the phosphorylation signal was mainly detected on the postsynaptic side of synapses in the rat hippocampal neurons. As active ERK was co-localized with vinexin in synapses, the ERK signal is likely to be involved in the regulation of vinexin-dependent cellular processes in synapses. On the other hand, the phosphorylation was hardly detected in neurons cultured for 3 days, suggesting the presence of a yet unidentified regulatory mechanism of vinexin at the growth cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, japan
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Osuka K, Watanabe Y, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Aoshima C, Yamauchi K, Takayasu M, Yoshida J. Phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase at Ser847 in the nucleus intermediolateralis after spinal cord injury in mice. Neuroscience 2007; 145:241-7. [PMID: 17258865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase IIalpha (CaM-KIIalpha) can phosphorylate neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) at Ser847 and attenuate NOS activity in neuronal cells. In the present study we focused on chronological alteration in levels and cellular location of nNOS, phosphorylated (p)-Ser847-nNOS (NP847), CaM-KII and p-Thr286-CaM-KIIalpha following spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. Western blot analysis showed nNOS to be significantly phosphorylated at Ser847 from 3 h after SCI, peaking at 24 h and gradually decreasing thereafter, and CaM-KII to be colocalized with nNOS after SCI. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SCI causes an increase in both NP847 and p-Thr286-CaM-KIIalpha in the nucleus intermediolateralis. These findings suggest that SCI induces p-Thr286-CaM-KIIalpha, which phosphorylates the nNOS at Ser847 in the nucleus intermediolateralis where NO is thought to play a role as a neurotransmitter in autonomic preganglionic neurons. Thus, the NP847 signaling pathway might be involved in the autonomic failure which occurs immediately after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Sarkar J, Qi C, Guo D, Ahmed MR, Jia Y, Usuda N, Viswakarma N, Rao MS, Reddy JK. Transcription coactivator PRIP, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-interacting protein, is redundant for the function of nuclear receptors PParalpha and CAR, the constitutive androstane receptor, in mouse liver. Gene Expr 2007; 13:255-69. [PMID: 17605299 PMCID: PMC6032459 DOI: 10.3727/000000006780666948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the genes encoding for the transcription coactivators, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-interacting protein (PRIP/ASC-2/RAP250/TRBP/NRC) and PPAR-binding protein (PBP/TRAP220/DRIP205/MED1), results in embryonic lethality by affecting placental and multiorgan development. Targeted deletion of coactivator PBP gene in liver parenchymal cells (PBP(LIV-/-)) results in the near abrogation of the induction of PPARalpha and CAR (constitutive androstane receptor)-regulated genes in liver. Here, we show that targeted deletion of coactivator PRIP gene in liver (PRIP(LIV-/-)) does not affect the induction of PPARalpha-regulated pleiotropic responses, including hepatomegaly, hepatic peroxisome proliferation, and induction of mRNAs of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation system, indicating that PRIP is not essential for PPARalpha-mediated transcriptional activity. We also provide additional data to show that liver-specific deletion of PRIP gene does not interfere with the induction of genes regulated by nuclear receptor CAR. Furthermore, disruption of PRIP gene in liver did not alter zoxazolamine-induced paralysis, and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Studies with adenovirally driven EGFP-CAR expression in liver demonstrated that, unlike PBP, the absence of PRIP does not prevent phenobarbital-mediated nuclear translocation/retention of the receptor CAR in liver in vivo and cultured hepatocytes in vitro. These results show that PRIP deficiency in liver does not interfere with the function of nuclear receptors PPARalpha and CAR. The dependence of PPARalpha- and CAR-regulated gene transcription on coactivator PBP but not on PRIP attests to the existence of coactivator selectivity in nuclear receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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