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Loubens M, Marinach C, Paquereau CE, Hamada S, Hoareau-Coudert B, Akbar D, Franetich JF, Silvie O. The claudin-like apicomplexan microneme protein is required for gliding motility and infectivity of Plasmodium sporozoites. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011261. [PMID: 36928686 PMCID: PMC10047546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of host cells by apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium spp requires the sequential secretion of the parasite apical organelles, the micronemes and the rhoptries. The claudin-like apicomplexan microneme protein (CLAMP) is a conserved protein that plays an essential role during invasion by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and in Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages. CLAMP is also expressed in Plasmodium sporozoites, the mosquito-transmitted forms of the malaria parasite, but its role in this stage is still unknown. CLAMP is essential for Plasmodium blood stage growth and is refractory to conventional gene deletion. To circumvent this obstacle and study the function of CLAMP in sporozoites, we used a conditional genome editing strategy based on the dimerisable Cre recombinase in the rodent malaria model parasite P. berghei. We successfully deleted clamp gene in P. berghei transmission stages and analyzed the functional consequences on sporozoite infectivity. In mosquitoes, sporozoite development and egress from oocysts was not affected in conditional mutants. However, invasion of the mosquito salivary glands was dramatically reduced upon deletion of clamp gene. In addition, CLAMP-deficient sporozoites were impaired in cell traversal and productive invasion of mammalian hepatocytes. This severe phenotype was associated with major defects in gliding motility and with reduced shedding of the sporozoite adhesin TRAP. Expansion microscopy revealed partial colocalization of CLAMP and TRAP in a subset of micronemes, and a distinct accumulation of CLAMP at the apical tip of sporozoites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CLAMP is essential across invasive stages of the malaria parasite, and support a role of the protein upstream of host cell invasion, possibly by regulating the secretion or function of adhesins in Plasmodium sporozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Loubens
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carine Marinach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Clara-Eva Paquereau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Hamada
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié Salpêtrière (P3S), Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Hoareau-Coudert
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS PASS, Plateforme de cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (CyPS), Paris, France
| | - David Akbar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris Brain Institute, ICM Quant Cell imaging Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Fernandes P, Loubens M, Marinach C, Coppée R, Baron L, Grand M, Andre TP, Hamada S, Langlois AC, Briquet S, Bun P, Silvie O. Plasmodium sporozoites require the protein B9 to invade hepatocytes. iScience 2023; 26:106056. [PMID: 36761022 PMCID: PMC9906020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted to a mammalian host during blood feeding by an infected mosquito and invade hepatocytes for initial replication of the parasite into thousands of erythrocyte-invasive merozoites. Here we report that the B9 protein, a member of the 6-cysteine domain protein family, is secreted from sporozoite micronemes and is required for productive invasion of hepatocytes. The N-terminus of B9 forms a beta-propeller domain structurally related to CyRPA, a cysteine-rich protein forming an essential invasion complex in Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. The beta-propeller domain of B9 is essential for sporozoite infectivity and interacts with the 6-cysteine proteins P36 and P52 in a heterologous expression system. Our results suggest that, despite using distinct sets of parasite and host entry factors, Plasmodium sporozoites and merozoites may share common structural modules to assemble protein complexes for invasion of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Fernandes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manon Loubens
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carine Marinach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Romain Coppée
- Université de Paris, UMR 261 MERIT, IRD, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Baron
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Grand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thanh-Phuc Andre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Hamada
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié Salpêtrière (P3S), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claire Langlois
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bun
- INSERM U1266, NeurImag Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
- Corresponding author
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Belhimeur S, Briquet S, Peronet R, Pham J, Commere PH, Formaglio P, Amino R, Scherf A, Silvie O, Mecheri S. Plasmodium-encoded murine IL-6 impairs liver stage infection and elicits long-lasting sterilizing immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143012. [PMID: 37143657 PMCID: PMC10152192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plasmodium sporozoites (SPZ) inoculated by Anopheles mosquitoes into the skin of the mammalian host migrate to the liver before infecting hepatocytes. Previous work demonstrated that early production of IL-6 in the liver is detrimental for the parasite growth, contributing to the acquisition of a long-lasting immune protection after immunization with live attenuated parasites. Methods Considering that IL-6 as a critical pro-inflammatory signal, we explored a novel approach whereby the parasite itself encodes for the murine IL-6 gene. We generated transgenic P. berghei parasites that express murine IL-6 during liver stage development. Results and Discussion Though IL-6 transgenic SPZ developed into exo-erythrocytic forms in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo, these parasites were not capable of inducing a blood stage infection in mice. Furthermore, immunization of mice with transgenic IL-6-expressing P. berghei SPZ elicited a long-lasting CD8+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against a subsequent infectious SPZ challenge. Collectively, this study demonstrates that parasite-encoded IL-6 attenuates parasite virulence with abortive liver stage of Plasmodium infection, forming the basis of a novel suicide vaccine strategy to elicit protective antimalarial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Belhimeur
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS ERL9195 and Inserm U1201, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
| | - Roger Peronet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS ERL9195 and Inserm U1201, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Pham
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Centre d’élevage et de production des anophèles (CEPIA), Paris, France
| | | | - Pauline Formaglio
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Infection and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Rogerio Amino
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Malaria Infection and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Artur Scherf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS ERL9195 and Inserm U1201, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
| | - Salaheddine Mecheri
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS ERL9195 and Inserm U1201, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Salaheddine Mecheri,
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Fréville A, Gnangnon B, Tremp AZ, De Witte C, Cailliau K, Martoriati A, Aliouat EM, Fernandes P, Chhuon C, Silvie O, Marion S, Guerrera IC, Dessens JT, Pierrot C, Khalife J. Plasmodium berghei leucine-rich repeat protein 1 downregulates protein phosphatase 1 activity and is required for efficient oocyst development. Open Biol 2022; 12:220015. [PMID: 35920043 PMCID: PMC9346556 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a key enzyme for Plasmodium development. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying its regulation remain to be deciphered. Here, we report the functional characterization of the Plasmodium berghei leucine-rich repeat protein 1 (PbLRR1), an orthologue of SDS22, one of the most ancient and conserved PP1 interactors. Our study shows that PbLRR1 is expressed during intra-erythrocytic development of the parasite, and up to the zygote stage in mosquitoes. PbLRR1 can be found in complex with PbPP1 in both asexual and sexual stages and inhibits its phosphatase activity. Genetic analysis demonstrates that PbLRR1 depletion adversely affects the development of oocysts. PbLRR1 interactome analysis associated with phospho-proteomics studies identifies several novel putative PbLRR1/PbPP1 partners. Some of these partners have previously been characterized as essential for the parasite sexual development. Interestingly, and for the first time, Inhibitor 3 (I3), a well-known and direct interactant of Plasmodium PP1, was found to be drastically hypophosphorylated in PbLRR1-depleted parasites. These data, along with the detection of I3 with PP1 in the LRR1 interactome, strongly suggest that the phosphorylation status of PbI3 is under the control of the PP1-LRR1 complex and could contribute (in)directly to oocyst development. This study provides new insights into previously unrecognized PbPP1 fine regulation of Plasmodium oocyst development through its interaction with PbLRR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fréville
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gnangnon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Annie Z. Tremp
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, UK
| | - Caroline De Witte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain Martoriati
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - El Moukthar Aliouat
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Priyanka Fernandes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- Proteomics platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Marion
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Johannes T. Dessens
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT London, UK
| | - Christine Pierrot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jamal Khalife
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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5
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Fernandes P, Loubens M, Le Borgne R, Marinach C, Ardin B, Briquet S, Vincensini L, Hamada S, Hoareau-Coudert B, Verbavatz JM, Weiner A, Silvie O. The AMA1-RON complex drives Plasmodium sporozoite invasion in the mosquito and mammalian hosts. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010643. [PMID: 35731833 PMCID: PMC9255738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites that are transmitted by blood-feeding female Anopheles mosquitoes invade hepatocytes for an initial round of intracellular replication, leading to the release of merozoites that invade and multiply within red blood cells. Sporozoites and merozoites share a number of proteins that are expressed by both stages, including the Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) and the Rhoptry Neck Proteins (RONs). Although AMA1 and RONs are essential for merozoite invasion of erythrocytes during asexual blood stage replication of the parasite, their function in sporozoites was still unclear. Here we show that AMA1 interacts with RONs in mature sporozoites. By using DiCre-mediated conditional gene deletion in P. berghei, we demonstrate that loss of AMA1, RON2 or RON4 in sporozoites impairs colonization of the mosquito salivary glands and invasion of mammalian hepatocytes, without affecting transcellular parasite migration. Three-dimensional electron microscopy data showed that sporozoites enter salivary gland cells through a ring-like structure and by forming a transient vacuole. The absence of a functional AMA1-RON complex led to an altered morphology of the entry junction, associated with epithelial cell damage. Our data establish that AMA1 and RONs facilitate host cell invasion across Plasmodium invasive stages, and suggest that sporozoites use the AMA1-RON complex to efficiently and safely enter the mosquito salivary glands to ensure successful parasite transmission. These results open up the possibility of targeting the AMA1-RON complex for transmission-blocking antimalarial strategies. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted by mosquitoes. Infectious stages of the parasite known as sporozoites colonize the mosquito salivary glands and are injected into the host when the insect probes the skin for blood feeding. Sporozoites rapidly migrate to the host liver, invade hepatocytes and differentiate into the next invasive forms, the merozoites, which invade and replicate inside red blood cells. Merozoites invade cells through a specialized structure, known as the moving junction, formed by proteins called AMA1 and RONs. The role of these proteins in sporozoites remains unclear. Here we used conditional genome editing in a rodent malaria model to generate AMA1- and RON-deficient sporozoites. Phenotypic analysis of the mutants revealed that sporozoites use the AMA1-RON complex twice, first in the mosquito to safely enter the salivary glands and ensure successful parasite transmission, then in the mammalian host liver to establish a replicative niche. Our data establish that AMA1 and RONs facilitate host cell invasion across Plasmodium invasive stages, and might represent potential targets for transmission-blocking antimalarial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Fernandes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Manon Loubens
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Le Borgne
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Carine Marinach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Ardin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Vincensini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Hamada
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié Salpêtrière (P3S), Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Hoareau-Coudert
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS PASS, Plateforme de cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (CyPS), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Verbavatz
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Allon Weiner
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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6
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Nacer A, Kivi G, Pert R, Juronen E, Holenya P, Aliprandini E, Amino R, Silvie O, Quinkert D, Le Duff Y, Hurley M, Reimer U, Tover A, Draper SJ, Gilbert S, Ho MM, Bowyer PW. Expanding the Malaria Antibody Toolkit: Development and Characterisation of Plasmodium falciparum RH5, CyRPA, and CSP Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:901253. [PMID: 35782147 PMCID: PMC9243361 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.901253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, an infection caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, continues to exact a significant toll on public health with over 200 million cases world-wide, and annual deaths in excess of 600,000. Considerable progress has been made to reduce malaria burden in endemic countries in the last two decades. However, parasite and mosquito resistance to frontline chemotherapies and insecticides, respectively, highlights the continuing need for the development of safe and effective vaccines. Here we describe the development of recombinant human antibodies to three target proteins from Plasmodium falciparum: reticulocyte binding protein homologue 5 (PfRH5), cysteine-rich protective antigen (PfCyRPA), and circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). All three proteins are key targets in the development of vaccines for blood-stage or pre-erythrocytic stage infections. We have developed potent anti-PfRH5, PfCyRPA and PfCSP monoclonal antibodies that will prove useful tools for the standardisation of assays in preclinical research and the assessment of these antigens in clinical trials. We have generated some very potent anti-PfRH5 and anti-PfCyRPA antibodies with some clones >200 times more potent than the polyclonal anti-AMA-1 antibodies used for the evaluation of blood stage antigens. While the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are not directly comparable, the data provide evidence that these new antibodies are very good at blocking invasion. These antibodies will therefore provide a valuable resource and have potential as biological standards to help harmonise pre-clinical malaria research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Nacer
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Adéla Nacer, ; Paul W. Bowyer,
| | - Gaily Kivi
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Raini Pert
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | | | - Pavlo Holenya
- Research and Development, JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rogerio Amino
- Malaria Infection & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Doris Quinkert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Le Duff
- Centre for Aids Reagents, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hurley
- Centre for Aids Reagents, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Reimer
- Research and Development, JPT Peptide Technologies GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simon J. Draper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gilbert
- Centre for Aids Reagents, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Mei Ho
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Bowyer
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Potters Bar, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Adéla Nacer, ; Paul W. Bowyer,
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7
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Barbieri D, Gomez L, Royer L, Dupuy F, Franetich JF, Tefit M, N’Dri ME, Mazier D, Silvie O, Moreno-Sabater A, Lavazec C. The Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Tadalafil Promotes Splenic Retention of Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes in Humanized Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:883759. [PMID: 35694548 PMCID: PMC9174641 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.883759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the bloodstream is closely related to the modulation of their mechanical properties. New drugs that increase the stiffness of infected erythrocytes may thus represent a novel approach to block malaria parasite transmission. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor tadalafil has been shown to impair the ability of infected erythrocytes to circulate in an in vitro model for splenic retention. Here, we used a humanized mouse model to address in vivo the effect of tadalafil on the circulation kinetics of mature gametocyte-infected erythrocytes. We show that stiff immature gametocyte-infected erythrocytes are retained in the spleen of humanized mice at rates comparable to that of the in vitro model. Accordingly, tadalafil-induced stiffening of mature gametocyte-infected erythrocytes impairs their circulation in the bloodstream and triggers their retention by the spleen. These in vivo results validate that tadalafil is a novel drug lead potentially capable of blocking malaria parasite transmission by targeting GIE mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barbieri
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lina Gomez
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Royer
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Florian Dupuy
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Maurel Tefit
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Esther N’Dri
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Moreno-Sabater
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lavazec
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Catherine Lavazec,
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8
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Briquet S, Gissot M, Silvie O. A toolbox for conditional control of gene expression in apicomplexan parasites. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:618-631. [PMID: 34564906 PMCID: PMC9293482 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites encompass diverse pathogens for humans and animals, including the causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis, Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. Genetic manipulation of these parasites has become central to explore parasite biology, unravel gene function and identify new targets for therapeutic strategies. Tremendous progress has been achieved over the past years with the advent of next generation sequencing and powerful genome editing methods. In particular, various methods for conditional gene expression have been developed in both Plasmodium and Toxoplasma to knockout or knockdown essential genes, or for inducible expression of master developmental regulators or mutant versions of proteins. Conditional gene expression can be achieved at three distinct levels. At the DNA level, inducible site‐specific recombinases allow conditional genome editing. At the RNA level, regulation can be achieved during transcription, using stage‐specific or regulatable promoters, or post‐transcriptionally through alteration of mRNA stability or translation. At the protein level, several systems have been developed for inducible degradation or displacement of a protein of interest. In this review, we provide an overview of current systems for conditional control of gene expression in Plasmodium and Toxoplasma parasites, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Briquet
- INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Gissot
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CIIL, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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9
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Gibbins MP, Müller K, Matuschewski K, Silvie O, Hafalla JCR. Inferior T cell immunogenicity of a Plasmodium berghei model liver stage antigen expressed throughout pre-erythrocytic maturation. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12877. [PMID: 34515999 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sporozoite antigens are the basis of a number of malaria vaccines being tested, but the contribution of antigens expressed during subsequent liver stage development to pre-erythrocytic stage immunity is poorly understood. We previously showed that, following immunisation with radiation attenuated sporozoites (RAS), a model epitope embedded in a sporozoite surface protein elicited robust CD8+ T cell responses, whilst the same epitope in a liver stage antigen induced inferior responses. Since RAS arrest early in their development in host hepatocytes, we hypothesised that extending parasite maturation in the liver could considerably improve the epitope-specific CD8+ T cell response. Here, we employed a late liver stage arrested parasite model, azithromycin prophylaxis alongside live sporozoites, to increase expression of the model epitope until full liver stage maturation. Strikingly, this alternative immunisation strategy, which has been shown to elicit superior protection, failed to improve the resulting epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Our findings support the notion that liver stage antigens are poorly immunogenic and provide additional caution about prioritising antigens for vaccine development based solely on immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Gibbins
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Katja Müller
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julius Clemence R Hafalla
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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10
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Fernandes P, Loubens M, Silvie O, Briquet S. Conditional Gene Deletion in Mammalian and Mosquito Stages of Plasmodium berghei Using Dimerizable Cre Recombinase. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2369:101-120. [PMID: 34313986 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1681-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing in the malaria parasite Plasmodium relies on homologous recombination and requires parasite transfection in asexual blood stages. Therefore, conditional genetic approaches are needed to delete genes that are essential during blood stage replication. Among these, the dimerizable Cre (DiCre) recombinase system has emerged as a powerful approach for conditional gene knockout in Plasmodium parasites. In this system, the Cre recombinase is expressed in the form of two separate, enzymatically inactive polypeptides. Rapamycin-induced heterodimerization of the two components restores recombinase activity, leading to site-specific excision of floxed DNA sequences. Here, we describe methods to generate genetically modified DiCre-expressing Plasmodium berghei mutants by introducing Lox sites upstream and downstream of a gene of interest and to induce conditional excision of the floxed gene in different stages of the parasite life cycle. Administration of rapamycin to P. berghei-infected mice allows conditional gene deletion in the asexual erythrocytic stages. Rapamycin-induced gene excision can also be achieved in P. berghei sexual blood stages prior to transmission to mosquitoes, or during sporogony by treating P. berghei-infected mosquitoes, both methods allowing functional studies in P. berghei mosquito stages. Finally, rapamycin can be administered to in vitro cell cultures in order to induce gene excision in P. berghei liver stages. Subsequent phenotyping allows for the analysis of essential gene function across the parasite life cycle stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Fernandes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manon Loubens
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France.
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11
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Loubens M, Vincensini L, Fernandes P, Briquet S, Marinach C, Silvie O. Plasmodium sporozoites on the move: Switching from cell traversal to productive invasion of hepatocytes. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:870-881. [PMID: 33191548 PMCID: PMC8247013 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parasites of the genus Plasmodium, the etiological agent of malaria, are transmitted through the bite of anopheline mosquitoes, which deposit sporozoites into the host skin. Sporozoites migrate through the dermis, enter the bloodstream, and rapidly traffic to the liver. They cross the liver sinusoidal barrier and traverse several hepatocytes before switching to productive invasion of a final one for replication inside a parasitophorous vacuole. Cell traversal and productive invasion are functionally independent processes that require proteins secreted from specialized secretory organelles known as micronemes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how sporozoites traverse through cells and productively invade hepatocytes, and discuss the role of environmental sensing in switching from a migratory to an invasive state. We propose that timely controlled secretion of distinct microneme subsets could play a key role in successful migration and infection of hepatocytes. A better understanding of these essential biological features of the Plasmodium sporozoite may contribute to the development of new strategies to fight against the very first and asymptomatic stage of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Loubens
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI‐ParisParisFrance
| | - Laetitia Vincensini
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI‐ParisParisFrance
| | - Priyanka Fernandes
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI‐ParisParisFrance
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI‐ParisParisFrance
| | - Carine Marinach
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI‐ParisParisFrance
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI‐ParisParisFrance
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12
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Müller K, Gibbins MP, Roberts M, Reyes‐Sandoval A, Hill AVS, Draper SJ, Matuschewski K, Silvie O, Hafalla JCR. Low immunogenicity of malaria pre-erythrocytic stages can be overcome by vaccination. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13390. [PMID: 33709544 PMCID: PMC8033512 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity is considered one important criterion for progression of candidate vaccines to further clinical evaluation. We tested this assumption in an infection and vaccination model for malaria pre-erythrocytic stages. We engineered Plasmodium berghei parasites that harbour a well-characterised epitope for stimulation of CD8+ T cells, either as an antigen in the sporozoite surface-expressed circumsporozoite protein or the parasitophorous vacuole membrane associated protein upregulated in sporozoites 4 (UIS4) expressed in exo-erythrocytic forms (EEFs). We show that the antigen origin results in profound differences in immunogenicity with a sporozoite antigen eliciting robust, superior antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, whilst an EEF antigen evokes poor responses. Despite their contrasting immunogenic properties, both sporozoite and EEF antigens gain access to antigen presentation pathways in hepatocytes, as recognition and targeting by vaccine-induced effector CD8+ T cells results in high levels of protection when targeting either antigen. Our study is the first demonstration that poorly immunogenic EEF antigens do not preclude their susceptibility to antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell killing, which has wide-ranging implications on antigen prioritisation for next-generation pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Müller
- Parasitology UnitMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt UniversityBerlinGermany
| | - Matthew P Gibbins
- Department of Infection BiologyFaculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Present address:
Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Mark Roberts
- Department of Infection BiologyFaculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Arturo Reyes‐Sandoval
- Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Present address:
Instituto Politécnico NacionalIPN. Av. Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Unidad Adolfo López MateosMexico CityMexico
| | | | | | - Kai Matuschewski
- Parasitology UnitMax Planck Institute for Infection BiologyBerlinGermany
- Department of Molecular ParasitologyInstitute of BiologyHumboldt UniversityBerlinGermany
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesCIMI‐ParisParisFrance
| | - Julius Clemence R Hafalla
- Department of Infection BiologyFaculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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13
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Müller K, Silvie O, Mollenkopf HJ, Matuschewski K. Pleiotropic Roles for the Plasmodium berghei RNA Binding Protein UIS12 in Transmission and Oocyst Maturation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:624945. [PMID: 33747980 PMCID: PMC7973279 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.624945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the mosquito host by Plasmodium parasites is achieved by sexually differentiated gametocytes. Gametocytogenesis, gamete formation and fertilization are tightly regulated processes, and translational repression is a major regulatory mechanism for stage conversion. Here, we present a characterization of a Plasmodium berghei RNA binding protein, UIS12, that contains two conserved eukaryotic RNA recognition motifs (RRM). Targeted gene deletion resulted in viable parasites that replicate normally during blood infection, but form fewer gametocytes. Upon transmission to Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, both numbers and size of midgut-associated oocysts were reduced and their development stopped at an early time point. As a consequence, no salivary gland sporozoites were formed indicative of a complete life cycle arrest in the mosquito vector. Comparative transcript profiling in mutant and wild-type infected red blood cells revealed a decrease in transcript abundance of mRNAs coding for signature gamete-, ookinete-, and oocyst-specific proteins in uis12(-) parasites. Together, our findings indicate multiple roles for UIS12 in regulation of gene expression after blood infection in good agreement with the pleiotropic defects that terminate successful sporogony and onward transmission to a new vertebrate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Müller
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf
- Core Facility Microarray/Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Hamada S, Pionneau C, Parizot C, Silvie O, Chardonnet S, Marinach C. In-depth proteomic analysis of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites using trapped ion mobility spectrometry with parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000305. [PMID: 33452840 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sporozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium are transmitted by mosquitoes and infect the liver for an initial and obligatory round of replication, before exponential multiplication in the blood and onset of the disease. Sporozoites and liver stages provide attractive targets for malaria vaccines and prophylactic drugs. In this context, defining the parasite proteome is important to explore the parasite biology and to identify potential targets for antimalarial strategies. Previous studies have determined the total proteome of sporozoites from the two main human malaria parasites, P. falciparum and P. vivax, as well as P. yoelii, which infects rodents. Another murine malaria parasite, P. berghei, is widely used to investigate the parasite biology. However, a deep view of the proteome of P. berghei sporozoites is still missing. To fill this gap, we took advantage of the highly sensitive timsTOF PRO mass spectrometer, combined with three alternative methods for sporozoite purification, to identify the proteome of P. berghei sporozoites using low numbers of parasites. This study provides a reference proteome for P. berghei sporozoites, identifying a core set of proteins expressed across species, and illustrates how the unprecedented sensitivity of the timsTOF PRO system enables deep proteomic analysis from limited sample amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Hamada
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié Salpêtrière (P3S), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié Salpêtrière (P3S), Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié Salpêtrière (P3S), Paris, France
| | - Carine Marinach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
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15
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Briquet S, Marinach C, Silvie O, Vaquero C. Preparing for Transmission: Gene Regulation in Plasmodium Sporozoites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:618430. [PMID: 33585284 PMCID: PMC7878544 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.618430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted to mammals by anopheline mosquitoes and first infect the liver, where they transform into replicative exoerythrocytic forms, which subsequently release thousands of merozoites that invade erythrocytes and initiate the malaria disease. In some species, sporozoites can transform into dormant hypnozoites in the liver, which cause malaria relapses upon reactivation. Transmission from the insect vector to a mammalian host is a critical step of the parasite life cycle, and requires tightly regulated gene expression. Sporozoites are formed inside oocysts in the mosquito midgut and become fully infectious after colonization of the insect salivary glands, where they remain quiescent until transmission. Parasite maturation into infectious sporozoites is associated with reprogramming of the sporozoite transcriptome and proteome, which depends on multiple layers of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. An emerging scheme is that gene expression in Plasmodium sporozoites is controlled by alternating waves of transcription activity and translational repression, which shape the parasite RNA and protein repertoires for successful transition from the mosquito vector to the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Briquet
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Carine Marinach
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Vaquero
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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16
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Keswani T, Delcroix-Genete D, Herbert F, Leleu I, Lambert C, Draheim M, Salome-Desnoulez S, Saliou JM, Cazenave PA, Silvie O, Roland J, Pied S. Plasmodium yoelii Uses a TLR3-Dependent Pathway to Achieve Mammalian Host Parasitism. J Immunol 2020; 205:3071-3082. [PMID: 33148715 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is associated with complicated immunopathogenesis. In this study, we provide evidence for an unexpected role of TLR3 in promoting the establishment of Plasmodium yoelii infection through delayed clearance of parasitemia in wild type C57BL/6jRj (B6) compared with TLR3 knockout mice. In this study, we confirmed an increased expression of Tlr3, Trif, Tbk1, and Irf7/Irf3 in the liver 42 h postinfection and the initiation of an early burst of proinflammatory response such as Ifng, NF-kB, and Tnfa in B6 mice that may promote parasite fitness. Interestingly, in the absence of TLR3, we showed the involvement of high IFN-γ and lower type I IFN response in the early clearance of parasitemia. In parallel, we observed an increase in splenic NK and NKT cells expressing TLR3 in infected B6 mice, suggesting a role for TLR sensing in the innate immune response. Finally, we find evidence that the increase in the frequency of CD19+TLR3+ B cells along with reduced levels of total IgG in B6 mice possibly suggests the initiation of TLR3-dependent pathway early during P. yoelii infection. Our results thus reveal a new mechanism in which a parasite-activated TLR3 pathway promotes blood stage infection along with quantitative and qualitative differences in Ab responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Keswani
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Delcroix-Genete
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabien Herbert
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ines Leleu
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Lambert
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marion Draheim
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Jean Michel Saliou
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre-André Cazenave
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Roland
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylviane Pied
- Team 10: Tropical Biomes & Immunopathophysiology, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
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17
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Fernandes P, Briquet S, Patarot D, Loubens M, Hoareau-Coudert B, Silvie O. The dimerisable Cre recombinase allows conditional genome editing in the mosquito stages of Plasmodium berghei. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236616. [PMID: 33044964 PMCID: PMC7549836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asexual blood stages of the malaria parasite are readily amenable to genetic modification via homologous recombination, allowing functional studies of parasite genes that are not essential in this part of the life cycle. However, conventional reverse genetics cannot be applied for the functional analysis of genes that are essential during asexual blood-stage replication. Various strategies have been developed for conditional mutagenesis of Plasmodium, including recombinase-based gene deletion, regulatable promoters, and mRNA or protein destabilization systems. Among these, the dimerisable Cre (DiCre) recombinase system has emerged as a powerful approach for conditional gene deletion in P. falciparum. In this system, the bacteriophage Cre is expressed in the form of two separate, enzymatically inactive polypeptides, each fused to a different rapamycin-binding protein. Rapamycin-induced heterodimerization of the two components restores recombinase activity. We have implemented the DiCre system in the rodent malaria parasite P. berghei, and show that rapamycin-induced excision of floxed DNA sequences can be achieved with very high efficiency in both mammalian and mosquito parasite stages. This tool can be used to investigate the function of essential genes not only in asexual blood stages, but also in other parts of the malaria parasite life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Fernandes
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Patarot
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Manon Loubens
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Hoareau-Coudert
- UMS PASS, Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (CyPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, CNRS, CIMI-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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18
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Aliprandini E, Tavares J, Panatieri RH, Thiberge S, Yamamoto MM, Silvie O, Ishino T, Yuda M, Dartevelle S, Traincard F, Boscardin SB, Amino R. Cytotoxic anti-circumsporozoite antibodies target malaria sporozoites in the host skin. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:1224-1233. [PMID: 30349082 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is the major surface protein of malaria sporozoites (SPZs), the motile and invasive parasite stage inoculated in the host skin by infected mosquitoes. Antibodies against the central CSP repeats of different plasmodial species are known to block SPZ infectivity1-5, but the precise mechanism by which these effectors operate is not completely understood. Here, using a rodent Plasmodium yoelii malaria model, we show that sterile protection mediated by anti-P. yoelii CSP humoral immunity depends on the parasite inoculation into the host skin, where antibodies inhibit motility and kill P. yoelii SPZs via a characteristic 'dotty death' phenotype. Passive transfer of an anti-repeat monoclonal antibody (mAb) recapitulates the skin inoculation-dependent protection, in a complement- and Fc receptor γ-independent manner. This purified mAb also decreases motility and, notably, induces the dotty death of P. yoelii SPZs in vitro. Cytotoxicity is species-transcendent since cognate anti-CSP repeat mAbs also kill Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium falciparum SPZs. mAb cytotoxicity requires the actomyosin motor-dependent translocation and stripping of the protective CSP surface coat, rendering the parasite membrane susceptible to the SPZ pore-forming-like protein secreted to wound and traverse the host cell membrane6. The loss of SPZ fitness caused by anti-P. yoelii CSP repeat antibodies is thus a dynamic process initiated in the host skin where SPZs either stop moving7, or migrate and traverse cells to progress through the host tissues7-9 at the eventual expense of their own life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Tavares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Hoffmann Panatieri
- Unit of Malaria Infection & Immunity, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Parasitology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabine Thiberge
- Unit of Malaria Infection & Immunity, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre de Production et d'Infection des Anophèles, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marcio Massao Yamamoto
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France
| | - Tomoko Ishino
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masao Yuda
- Department of Medical Zoology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Sylvie Dartevelle
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie des Anticorps, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rogerio Amino
- Unit of Malaria Infection & Immunity, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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19
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Langlois AC, Marinach C, Manzoni G, Silvie O. Plasmodium sporozoites can invade hepatocytic cells independently of the Ephrin receptor A2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200032. [PMID: 29975762 PMCID: PMC6033427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporozoite forms of the malaria parasite Plasmodium are transmitted by mosquitoes and first infect the liver for an initial round of replication before parasite proliferation in the blood. The molecular mechanisms involved during sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes remain poorly understood. In previous studies, two receptors of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the tetraspanin CD81 and the Scavenger Receptor BI (SR-BI), were shown to play an important role during entry of Plasmodium sporozoites into hepatocytic cells. In contrast to HCV entry, which requires both CD81 and SR-BI together with additional host factors, CD81 and SR-BI operate independently during malaria liver infection, as sporozoites can use CD81 and/or SR-BI, depending on the Plasmodium species, to invade hepatocytes. However, the molecular function of CD81 and SR-BI during parasite entry remains unknown. Another HCV entry factor, the Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), was recently reported to play a key role as a host cell entry factor during malaria liver infection. Here, we investigated the contribution of EphA2 during CD81-dependent and SR-BI-dependent sporozoite infection. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and antibodies against EphA2, combined with direct detection of parasites by flow cytometry or microscopy, we show that blocking EphA2 has no significant impact on P. yoelii or P. berghei host cell infection, irrespective of the entry route. Thus, our findings argue against an important role of EphA2 during malaria liver infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Langlois
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carine Marinach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Manzoni
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
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20
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Draheim M, Wlodarczyk MF, Crozat K, Saliou JM, Alayi TD, Tomavo S, Hassan A, Salvioni A, Demarta-Gatsi C, Sidney J, Sette A, Dalod M, Berry A, Silvie O, Blanchard N. Profiling MHC II immunopeptidome of blood-stage malaria reveals that cDC1 control the functionality of parasite-specific CD4 T cells. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1605-1621. [PMID: 28935714 PMCID: PMC5666312 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In malaria, CD4 Th1 and T follicular helper (TFH) cells are important for controlling parasite growth, but Th1 cells also contribute to immunopathology. Moreover, various regulatory CD4 T‐cell subsets are critical to hamper pathology. Yet the antigen‐presenting cells controlling Th functionality, as well as the antigens recognized by CD4 T cells, are largely unknown. Here, we characterize the MHC II immunopeptidome presented by DC during blood‐stage malaria in mice. We establish the immunodominance hierarchy of 14 MHC II ligands derived from conserved parasite proteins. Immunodominance is shaped differently whether blood stage is preceded or not by liver stage, but the same ETRAMP‐specific dominant response develops in both contexts. In naïve mice and at the onset of cerebral malaria, CD8α+ dendritic cells (cDC1) are superior to other DC subsets for MHC II presentation of the ETRAMP epitope. Using in vivo depletion of cDC1, we show that cDC1 promote parasite‐specific Th1 cells and inhibit the development of IL‐10+CD4 T cells. This work profiles the P. berghei blood‐stage MHC II immunopeptidome, highlights the potency of cDC1 to present malaria antigens on MHC II, and reveals a major role for cDC1 in regulating malaria‐specific CD4 T‐cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Draheim
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Myriam F Wlodarczyk
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Crozat
- CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Saliou
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), CNRS UMR 8204, Inserm U1019, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Plateforme de Protéomique et Peptides Modifiés (P3M), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Tchilabalo Dilezitoko Alayi
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), CNRS UMR 8204, Inserm U1019, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Plateforme de Protéomique et Peptides Modifiés (P3M), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stanislas Tomavo
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), CNRS UMR 8204, Inserm U1019, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Plateforme de Protéomique et Peptides Modifiés (P3M), CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ali Hassan
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anna Salvioni
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudia Demarta-Gatsi
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marc Dalod
- CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Berry
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
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21
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Bosson-Vanga H, Franetich JF, Soulard V, Sossau D, Tefit M, Kane B, Vaillant JC, Borrmann S, Müller O, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Le Grand R, Silvie O, Mazier D. Differential activity of methylene blue against erythrocytic and hepatic stages of Plasmodium. Malar J 2018; 17:143. [PMID: 29615050 PMCID: PMC5883292 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of malaria elimination/eradication, drugs that are effective against the different developmental stages of the parasite are highly desirable. The oldest synthetic anti-malarial drug, the thiazine dye methylene blue (MB), is known for its activity against Plasmodium blood stages, including gametocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible effect of MB against malaria parasite liver stages. METHODS MB activity was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro assays consisted of testing MB activity on Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium yoelii parasites in human, simian or murine primary hepatocytes, respectively. MB in vivo activity was evaluated using intravital imaging in BALB/c mice infected with a transgenic bioluminescent P. yoelii parasite line. The transmission-blocking activity of MB was also addressed using mosquitoes fed on MB-treated mice. RESULTS MB shows no activity on Plasmodium liver stages, including hypnozoites, in vitro in primary hepatocytes. In BALB/c mice, MB has moderate effect on P. yoelii hepatic development but is highly effective against blood stage growth. MB is active against gametocytes and abrogates parasite transmission from mice to mosquitoes. CONCLUSION While confirming activity of MB against both sexual and asexual blood stages, the results indicate that MB has only little activity on the development of the hepatic stages of malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Bosson-Vanga
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France. .,Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France
| | - Valérie Soulard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France
| | - Daniel Sossau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France.,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maurel Tefit
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France
| | - Bocar Kane
- UPMC, UMS28, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Müller
- Institute of Public Health, Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- CEA, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Sud 11, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA, INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Sud 11, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, PARIS, France. .,Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, 83 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013, PARIS, France.
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22
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Silvie O, Amino R, Hafalla JC. Tissue-specific cellular immune responses to malaria pre-erythrocytic stages. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 40:160-167. [PMID: 29217460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Complete and long-lasting protective immunity against malaria can be achieved through vaccination with invasive live attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites, the motile stage inoculated in the host skin during a mosquito bite. Protective immunity relies primarily on effector CD8+ T cells targeting the parasite in the liver. Understanding the tissue-specific features of the immune response is emerging as a vital requirement for understanding protective immunity. The small parasite inoculum, the scarcity of infected cells and the tolerogenic properties of the liver represent hurdles for the establishment of protective immunity in endemic areas. In this review, we discuss recent advances on liver-specific features of immunity including innate recognition of malaria pre-erythrocytic stages, CD8+ T cell interactions with infected hepatocytes, antigen presentation for effective CD8+ T cell responses and generation of liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells. A better understanding of the factors involved in the induction and maintenance of effector CD8+ T cell immunity against malaria pre-erythrocytic stages is crucial for the development of an effective vaccine targeting the initial phase of malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France.
| | - Rogerio Amino
- Unit of Malaria Infection and Immunity, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Julius Clemence Hafalla
- Immunology and Infection Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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23
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Manzoni G, Marinach C, Topçu S, Briquet S, Grand M, Tolle M, Gransagne M, Lescar J, Andolina C, Franetich JF, Zeisel MB, Huby T, Rubinstein E, Snounou G, Mazier D, Nosten F, Baumert TF, Silvie O. Plasmodium P36 determines host cell receptor usage during sporozoite invasion. eLife 2017; 6:e25903. [PMID: 28506360 PMCID: PMC5470872 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites, the mosquito-transmitted forms of the malaria parasite, first infect the liver for an initial round of replication before the emergence of pathogenic blood stages. Sporozoites represent attractive targets for antimalarial preventive strategies, yet the mechanisms of parasite entry into hepatocytes remain poorly understood. Here we show that the two main species causing malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, rely on two distinct host cell surface proteins, CD81 and the Scavenger Receptor BI (SR-BI), respectively, to infect hepatocytes. By contrast, CD81 and SR-BI fulfil redundant functions during infection by the rodent parasite P. berghei. Genetic analysis of sporozoite factors reveals the 6-cysteine domain protein P36 as a major parasite determinant of host cell receptor usage. Our data provide molecular insights into the invasion pathways used by different malaria parasites to infect hepatocytes, and establish a functional link between a sporozoite putative ligand and host cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Manzoni
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Carine Marinach
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Selma Topçu
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Grand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Tolle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gransagne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Julien Lescar
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Andolina
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Mirjam B Zeisel
- INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Huby
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- INSERM, U935, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Georges Snounou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
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24
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Petersen W, Stenzel W, Silvie O, Blanz J, Saftig P, Matuschewski K, Ingmundson A. Sequestration of cholesterol within the host late endocytic pathway restricts liver-stage Plasmodium development. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:726-735. [PMID: 28122820 PMCID: PMC5349780 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While lysosomes are degradative compartments and one of the defenses against invading pathogens, they are also hubs of metabolic activity. Late endocytic compartments accumulate around Plasmodium berghei liver-stage parasites during development, and whether this is a host defense strategy or active recruitment by the parasites is unknown. In support of the latter hypothesis, we observed that the recruitment of host late endosomes (LEs) and lysosomes is reduced in uis4- parasites, which lack a parasitophorous vacuole membrane protein and arrest during liver-stage development. Analysis of parasite development in host cells deficient for late endosomal or lysosomal proteins revealed that the Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) proteins, which are involved in cholesterol export from LEs, and the lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMP) 1 and 2 are important for robust liver-stage P. berghei growth. Using the compound U18666A, which leads to cholesterol sequestration in LEs similar to that seen in NPC- and LAMP-deficient cells, we show that the restriction of parasite growth depends on cholesterol sequestration and that targeting this process can reduce parasite burden in vivo. Taken together, these data reveal that proper LE and lysosome function positively contributes to liver-stage Plasmodium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Petersen
- Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Institute for Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Judith Blanz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alyssa Ingmundson
- Molecular Parasitology, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Risco-Castillo V, Topçu S, Marinach C, Manzoni G, Bigorgne A, Briquet S, Baudin X, Lebrun M, Dubremetz JF, Silvie O. Malaria Sporozoites Traverse Host Cells within Transient Vacuoles. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 18:593-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Risco-Castillo V, Topçu S, Son O, Briquet S, Manzoni G, Silvie O. CD81 is required for rhoptry discharge during host cell invasion by Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1533-48. [PMID: 24798694 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes and first infect the liver of their mammalian host, where they develop as liver stages before the onset of erythrocytic infection and malaria symptoms. Sporozoite entry into hepatocytes is an attractive target for anti-malarial prophylactic strategies but remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Apicomplexan parasites invade host cells by forming a parasitophorous vacuole that is essential for parasite development, a process that involves secretion of apical organelles called rhoptries. We previously reported that the host membrane protein CD81 is required for infection by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. CD81 acts at an early stage of infection, possibly at the entry step, but the mechanisms involved are still unknown. To investigate the role of CD81 during sporozoite entry, we generated transgenic P. yoelii parasites expressing fluorescent versions of three known rhoptry proteins, RON2, RON4 and RAP2/3. We observed that RON2 and RON4 are lost following rhoptry discharge during merozoite and sporozoite entry. In contrast, our data indicate that RAP2/3 is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole during infection. We further show that sporozoite rhoptry discharge occurs only in the presence of CD81, providing the first direct evidence for a role of CD81 during sporozoite productive invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Risco-Castillo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013, Paris, France; INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
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Manzoni G, Briquet S, Risco-Castillo V, Gaultier C, Topçu S, Ivănescu ML, Franetich JF, Hoareau-Coudert B, Mazier D, Silvie O. A rapid and robust selection procedure for generating drug-selectable marker-free recombinant malaria parasites. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4760. [PMID: 24755823 PMCID: PMC3996467 DOI: 10.1038/srep04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental genetics have been widely used to explore the biology of the malaria parasites. The rodent parasites Plasmodium berghei and less frequently P. yoelii are commonly utilised, as their complete life cycle can be reproduced in the laboratory and because they are genetically tractable via homologous recombination. However, due to the limited number of drug-selectable markers, multiple modifications of the parasite genome are difficult to achieve and require large numbers of mice. Here we describe a novel strategy that combines positive-negative drug selection and flow cytometry-assisted sorting of fluorescent parasites for the rapid generation of drug-selectable marker-free P. berghei and P. yoelii mutant parasites expressing a GFP or a GFP-luciferase cassette, using minimal numbers of mice. We further illustrate how this new strategy facilitates phenotypic analysis of genetically modified parasites by fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging of P. berghei mutants arrested during liver stage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Manzoni
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [4]
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [4]
| | - Veronica Risco-Castillo
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Gaultier
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [4]
| | - Selma Topçu
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Maria Larisa Ivănescu
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Hoareau-Coudert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Plateforme de Cytométrie en Flux CyPS, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [4] Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- 1] Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France [3] CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 75013, Paris, France
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Silvie O, Briquet S, Müller K, Manzoni G, Matuschewski K. Post-transcriptional silencing of UIS4 in Plasmodium berghei sporozoites is important for host switch. Mol Microbiol 2014; 91:1200-13. [PMID: 24446886 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted by mosquitoes and first infect hepatocytes of their mammalian host, wherein they develop as liver stages, surrounded by the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). The parasite must rapidly adapt to its changing environment after switching host. Shortly after invasion, the PVM is remodelled by insertion of essential parasite proteins of the early transcribed membrane protein family such as UIS4. Here, using the rodent malaria model Plasmodium berghei, we show that transcripts encoding UIS4 are stored in a translationally repressed state in sporozoites, allowing UIS4 protein synthesis only after host cell invasion. Using a series of reporter transgenic parasite lines we could demonstrate that the open reading frame of UIS4 mRNA is critical for gene silencing, whereas the 5' and 3' untranslated regions are dispensable. Our data further indicate that the UIS4 translational repression machinery is present only in mature sporozoites in the mosquito salivary glands, and that premature expression of UIS4 protein results in a loss of parasite infectivity. Our findings reveal the importance of specific post-transcriptional control in sporozoites, and establish that host switch requires high levels of translationally silent UIS4 RNA, which permits stage conversion, yet avoids premature expression of this liver stage-specific protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, 75013, Paris, France; INSERM, U1135, 75013, Paris, France; CNRS, ERL 8255, 75013, Paris, France
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Grützke J, Rindte K, Goosmann C, Silvie O, Rauch C, Heuer D, Lehmann MJ, Mueller AK, Brinkmann V, Matuschewski K, Ingmundson A. The spatiotemporal dynamics and membranous features of the Plasmodium liver stage tubovesicular network. Traffic 2014; 15:362-82. [PMID: 24423236 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For membrane-bound intracellular pathogens, the surrounding vacuole is the portal of communication with the host cell. The parasitophorous vacuole (PV) harboring intrahepatocytic Plasmodium parasites satisfies the parasites' needs of nutrition and protection from host defenses to allow the rapid parasite growth that occurs during the liver stage of infection. In this study, we visualized the PV membrane (PVM) and the associated tubovesicular network (TVN) through fluorescent tagging of two PVM-resident Plasmodium berghei proteins, UIS4 and IBIS1. This strategy revealed previously unrecognized dynamics with which these membranes extend throughout the host cell. We observed dynamic vesicles, elongated clusters of membranes and long tubules that rapidly extend and contract from the PVM in a microtubule-dependent manner. Live microscopy, correlative light-electron microscopy and fluorescent recovery after photobleaching enabled a detailed characterization of these membranous features, including velocities, the distribution of UIS4 and IBIS1, and the connectivity of PVM and TVN. Labeling of host cell compartments revealed association of late endosomes and lysosomes with the elongated membrane clusters. Moreover, the signature host autophagosome protein LC3 was recruited to the PVM and TVN and colocalized with UIS4. Together, our data demonstrate that the membranes surrounding intrahepatic Plasmodium are involved in active remodeling of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Grützke
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Offeddu V, Rauch M, Silvie O, Matuschewski K. The Plasmodium protein P113 supports efficient sporozoite to liver stage conversion in vivo. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2014; 193:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Poulin B, Patzewitz EM, Brady D, Silvie O, Wright MH, Ferguson DJP, Wall RJ, Whipple S, Guttery DS, Tate EW, Wickstead B, Holder AA, Tewari R. Unique apicomplexan IMC sub-compartment proteins are early markers for apical polarity in the malaria parasite. Biol Open 2013; 2:1160-70. [PMID: 24244852 PMCID: PMC3828762 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20136163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (IMC), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion. Using live cell imaging and reverse genetics in the rodent malaria model P. berghei, we localise two unique IMC sub-compartment proteins (ISPs) and examine their role in defining apical polarity during zygote (ookinete) development. We show that these proteins localise to the anterior apical end of the parasite where IMC organisation is initiated, and are expressed at all developmental stages, especially those that are invasive. Both ISP proteins are N-myristoylated, phosphorylated and membrane-bound. Gene disruption studies suggest that ISP1 is likely essential for parasite development, whereas ISP3 is not. However, an absence of ISP3 alters the apical localisation of ISP1 in all invasive stages including ookinetes and sporozoites, suggesting a coordinated function for these proteins in the organisation of apical polarity in the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Poulin
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Patzewitz
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
| | - Declan Brady
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
| | - Olivier Silvie
- INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 945 “Immunity and infection”, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Megan H. Wright
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David J. P. Ferguson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Richard J. Wall
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
| | - Sarah Whipple
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
| | - David S. Guttery
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, PO Box 65, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Edward W. Tate
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Bill Wickstead
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
| | - Anthony A. Holder
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Rita Tewari
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7UH, UK
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Risco-Castillo V, Son O, Franetich JF, Rubinstein E, Mazier D, Silvie O. [Plasmodium sporozoite entry pathways during malaria liver infection]. Biol Aujourdhui 2013; 207:219-29. [PMID: 24594570 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2013021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, are transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes, which inject sporozoites into the skin of the host. The motile sporozoites enter the blood stream and, upon reaching the liver, transform into liver stages inside hepatocytes. The parasites enter host cells actively, using their actomyosin motor machinery to propel themselves through a specialized structure called junction. Penetration inside an invagination of the host cell plasma membrane results in the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole, which is essential for parasite further development. The mechanisms of sporozoite entry into host cells remain poorly understood at the molecular level. We reported for the first time a host factor required for infection of hepatocytes by Plasmodium sporozoites, the tetraspanin CD81, which also serves as a receptor for the hepatitis C virus. CD81 is involved at an early step of the infection, however no evidence for a direct interaction between CD81 and the parasite could be found. Although sporozoites can use several independent pathways to enter hepatocytes, depending on the parasite species and the host cell type, we showed that P. falciparum, the deadliest human malaria parasite, depends on CD81 to infect hepatocytes. We identified structural determinants in the CD81 large extracellular domain, and demonstrated that CD81 function is regulated by its molecular environment in specialized tetraspanin-enriched membrane microdomains. Based on these data we propose that CD81 acts indirectly during malaria infection, by interacting with other essential but still unidentified factor(s), possibly a receptor for the sporozoites, within specific microdomains of the hepatocyte plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Risco-Castillo
- Inserm, UMR S 945, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Son
- Inserm, UMR S 945, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Inserm, UMR S 945, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- Inserm, U1004, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France - Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, 14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Inserm, UMR S 945, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Inserm, UMR S 945, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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Abstract
Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by unicellular parasites of the genus Plasmodium. These obligate intracellular parasites have the unique capacity to infect and replicate within erythrocytes, which are terminally differentiated host cells that lack antigen presentation pathways. Prior to the cyclic erythrocytic infections that cause the characteristic clinical symptoms of malaria, the parasite undergoes an essential and clinically silent expansion phase in the liver. By infecting privileged host cells, employing programs of complex life stage conversions and expressing varying immunodominant antigens, Plasmodium parasites have evolved mechanisms to downmodulate protective immune responses against ongoing and even future infections. Consequently, anti-malaria immunity develops only gradually over many years of repeated and multiple infections in endemic areas. The identification of immune correlates of protection among the abundant non-protective host responses remains a research priority. Understanding the molecular and immunological mechanisms of the crosstalk between the parasite and the host is a prerequisite for the rational discovery and development of a safe, affordable, and protective anti-malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Clemence Hafalla
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Müller K, Matuschewski K, Silvie O. The Puf-family RNA-binding protein Puf2 controls sporozoite conversion to liver stages in the malaria parasite. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19860. [PMID: 21673790 PMCID: PMC3097211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by unicellular, obligate intracellular parasites of the genus Plasmodium. During host switch the malaria parasite employs specialized latent stages that colonize the new host environment. Previous work has established that gametocytes, sexually differentiated stages that are taken up by the mosquito vector, control expression of genes required for mosquito colonization by translational repression. Sexual parasite development is controlled by a DEAD-box RNA helicase of the DDX6 family, termed DOZI. Latency of sporozoites, the transmission stage injected during an infectious blood meal, is controlled by the eIF2alpha kinase IK2, a general inhibitor of protein synthesis. Whether RNA-binding proteins participate in translational regulation in sporozoites remains to be studied. Here, we investigated the roles of two RNA-binding proteins of the Puf-family, Plasmodium Puf1 and Puf2, during sporozoite stage conversion. Our data reveal that, in the rodent malaria parasite P. berghei, Puf2 participates in the regulation of IK2 and inhibits premature sporozoite transformation. Inside mosquito salivary glands puf2⁻ sporozoites transform over time to round forms resembling early intra-hepatic stages. As a result, mutant parasites display strong defects in initiating a malaria infection. In contrast, Puf1 is dispensable in vivo throughout the entire Plasmodium life cycle. Our findings support the notion of a central role for Puf2 in parasite latency during switch between the insect and mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Parasitology Unit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Parasitology Unit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Parasitology Unit, Berlin, Germany
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Dembele L, Gego A, Zeeman AM, Franetich JF, Silvie O, Rametti A, Le Grand R, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Sauerwein R, van Gemert GJ, Vaillant JC, Thomas AW, Snounou G, Kocken CHM, Mazier D. Towards an in vitro model of Plasmodium hypnozoites suitable for drug discovery. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18162. [PMID: 21483865 PMCID: PMC3069045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst the Plasmodium species in humans, only P. vivax and P. ovale produce latent hepatic stages called hypnozoites, which are responsible for malaria episodes long after a mosquito bite. Relapses contribute to increased morbidity, and complicate malaria elimination programs. A single drug effective against hypnozoites, primaquine, is available, but its deployment is curtailed by its haemolytic potential in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient persons. Novel compounds are thus urgently needed to replace primaquine. Discovery of compounds active against hypnozoites is restricted to the in vivo P. cynomolgi-rhesus monkey model. Slow growing hepatic parasites reminiscent of hypnozoites had been noted in cultured P. vivax-infected hepatoma cells, but similar forms are also observed in vitro by other species including P. falciparum that do not produce hypnozoites. METHODOLOGY P. falciparum or P. cynomolgi sporozoites were used to infect human or Macaca fascicularis primary hepatocytes, respectively. The susceptibility of the slow and normally growing hepatic forms obtained in vitro to three antimalarial drugs, one active against hepatic forms including hypnozoites and two only against the growing forms, was measured. RESULTS The non-dividing slow growing P. cynomolgi hepatic forms, observed in vitro in primary hepatocytes from the natural host Macaca fascicularis, can be distinguished from similar forms seen in P. falciparum-infected human primary hepatocytes by the differential action of selected anti-malarial drugs. Whereas atovaquone and pyrimethamine are active on all the dividing hepatic forms observed, the P. cynomolgi slow growing forms are highly resistant to treatment by these drugs, but remain susceptible to primaquine. CONCLUSION Resistance of the non-dividing P. cynomolgi forms to atovaquone and pyrimethamine, which do not prevent relapses, strongly suggests that these slow growing forms are hypnozoites. This represents a first step towards the development of a practical medium-throughput in vitro screening assay for novel hypnozoiticidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dembele
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U945, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Gego
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U945, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Zeeman
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U945, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U945, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Rametti
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U945, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Sud XI, UMR-E01, Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Division of Immuno-Virology, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Sud XI, UMR-E01, Orsay, France
| | - Robert Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan van Gemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alan W. Thomas
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Georges Snounou
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U945, Paris, France
| | - Clemens H. M. Kocken
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U945, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
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Friesen J, Silvie O, Putrianti ED, Hafalla JCR, Matuschewski K, Borrmann S. Natural immunization against malaria: causal prophylaxis with antibiotics. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:40ra49. [PMID: 20630856 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains the most prevalent vector-borne infectious disease and has the highest rates of fatality. Current antimalarial drug strategies cure malaria or prevent infections but lack a sustained public health impact because they fail to expedite the acquisition of protective immunity. We show that antibiotic administration during transmission of the parasite Plasmodium berghei results in swift acquisition of long-lived, life cycle-specific protection against reinfection with live sporozoites in mice. Antibiotic treatment specifically inhibits the biogenesis and inheritance of the apicoplast in Plasmodium liver stages, resulting in continued liver-stage maturation but subsequent failure to establish blood-stage infection. Exponential expansion of these attenuated liver-stage merozoites from a single sporozoite induces potent immune protection against malaria. If confirmed in residents of malaria-endemic areas, periodic prophylaxis with safe and affordable antibiotics may offer a powerful shortcut toward a needle-free surrogate malaria immunization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Friesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University School of Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Putrianti ED, Schmidt-Christensen A, Arnold I, Heussler VT, Matuschewski K, Silvie O. The Plasmodium serine-type SERA proteases display distinct expression patterns and non-essential in vivo roles during life cycle progression of the malaria parasite. Cell Microbiol 2009; 12:725-39. [PMID: 20039882 PMCID: PMC2878606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parasite proteases play key roles in several fundamental steps of the Plasmodium life cycle, including haemoglobin degradation, host cell invasion and parasite egress. Plasmodium exit from infected host cells appears to be mediated by a class of papain-like cysteine proteases called ‘serine repeat antigens’ (SERAs). A SERA subfamily, represented by Plasmodium falciparum SERA5, contains an atypical active site serine residue instead of a catalytic cysteine. Members of this SERAser subfamily are abundantly expressed in asexual blood stages, rendering them attractive drug and vaccine targets. In this study, we show by antibody localization and in vivo fluorescent tagging with the red fluorescent protein mCherry that the two P. berghei serine-type family members, PbSERA1 and PbSERA2, display differential expression towards the final stages of merozoite formation. Via targeted gene replacement, we generated single and double gene knockouts of the P. berghei SERAser genes. These loss-of-function lines progressed normally through the parasite life cycle, suggesting a specialized, non-vital role for serine-type SERAs in vivo. Parasites lacking PbSERAser showed increased expression of the cysteine-type PbSERA3. Compensatory mechanisms between distinct SERA subfamilies may thus explain the absence of phenotypical defect in SERAser disruptants, and challenge the suitability to develop potent antimalarial drugs based on specific inhibitors of Plasmodium serine-type SERAs.
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Charrin S, Yalaoui S, Bartosch B, Cocquerel L, Franetich JF, Boucheix C, Mazier D, Rubinstein E, Silvie O. The Ig domain protein CD9P-1 down-regulates CD81 ability to support Plasmodium yoelii infection. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:31572-8. [PMID: 19762465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.057927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium sporozoites is a prerequisite for establishment of a malaria natural infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying sporozoite invasion are largely unknown. We have previously reported that CD81 is required on hepatocytes for infection by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. CD81 belongs to the tetraspanin superfamily of transmembrane proteins. By interacting with each other and with other transmembrane proteins, tetraspanins may play a role in the lateral organization of membrane proteins. In this study, we investigated the role of the two major molecular partners of CD81 in hepatocytic cells, CD9P-1/EWI-F and EWI-2, two transmembrane proteins belonging to a novel subfamily of immunoglobulin proteins. We show that CD9P-1 silencing increases the host cell susceptibility to P. yoelii sporozoite infection, whereas EWI-2 knock-down has no effect. Conversely, overexpression of CD9P-1 but not EWI-2 partially inhibits infection. Using CD81 and CD9P-1 chimeric molecules, we demonstrate the role of transmembrane regions in CD81-CD9P-1 interactions. Importantly, a CD9P-1 chimera that no longer associates with CD81 does not affect infection. Based on these data, we conclude that CD9P-1 acts as a negative regulator of P. yoelii infection by interacting with CD81 and regulating its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Charrin
- INSERM, U602, Université Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, F-94807 Villejuif, France
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Putrianti E, Silvie O, Kordes M, Borrmann S, Matuschewski K. Vaccine‐Like Immunity against Malaria by Repeated Causal‐Prophylactic Treatment of Liver‐StagePlasmodiumParasites. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:899-903. [DOI: 10.1086/597121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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40
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Bongfen SE, Ntsama PM, Offner S, Smith T, Felger I, Tanner M, Alonso P, Nebie I, Romero JF, Silvie O, Torgler R, Corradin G. The N-terminal domain of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein represents a target of protective immunity. Vaccine 2008; 27:328-35. [PMID: 18984024 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal domain of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has been largely neglected in the search for a malaria vaccine in spite of being a target of inhibitory antibodies and protective T cell responses in mice. Thus, in order to develop this region as a vaccine candidate to be eventually associated with other candidates and, in particular, with the very advanced C-terminal counterpart, synthetic constructs representing N- and C-terminal regions of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei CSP were administered as single or combined formulations in mice. We show that the antisera generated against the combinations inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes in vitro better than antisera against single peptides. Furthermore, two different P. falciparum CSP N-terminal constructs (PfCS22-110 and PfCS65-110) were recognized by serum samples from people living in malaria-endemic regions. Importantly, recognition of the short N-terminal peptide (PfCS65-110) by sera from children living in a malaria-endemic region was associated with protection from disease. Taken together, these results underline the potential of using such fragments as malaria vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silayuv E Bongfen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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van Schaijk BCL, Janse CJ, van Gemert GJ, van Dijk MR, Gego A, Franetich JF, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, Yalaoui S, Silvie O, Hoffman SL, Waters AP, Mazier D, Sauerwein RW, Khan SM. Gene disruption of Plasmodium falciparum p52 results in attenuation of malaria liver stage development in cultured primary human hepatocytes. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3549. [PMID: 18958160 PMCID: PMC2568858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties with inducing sterile and long lasting protective immunity against malaria with subunit vaccines has renewed interest in vaccinations with attenuated Plasmodium parasites. Immunizations with sporozoites that are attenuated by radiation (RAS) can induce strong protective immunity both in humans and rodent models of malaria. Recently, in rodent parasites it has been shown that through the deletion of a single gene, sporozoites can also become attenuated in liver stage development and, importantly, immunization with these sporozoites results in immune responses identical to RAS. The promise of vaccination using these genetically attenuated sporozoites (GAS) depends on translating the results in rodent malaria models to human malaria. In this study, we perform the first essential step in this transition by disrupting, p52, in P. falciparum an ortholog of the rodent parasite gene, p36p, which we had previously shown can confer long lasting protective immunity in mice. These P. falciparum P52 deficient sporozoites demonstrate gliding motility, cell traversal and an invasion rate into primary human hepatocytes in vitro that is comparable to wild type sporozoites. However, inside the host hepatocyte development is arrested very soon after invasion. This study reveals, for the first time, that disrupting the equivalent gene in both P. falciparum and rodent malaria Plasmodium species generates parasites that become similarly arrested during liver stage development and these results pave the way for further development of GAS for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C. L. van Schaijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan van Gemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa R. van Dijk
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Gego
- INSERM, U511, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR S511 Paris, France
| | | | - Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Samir Yalaoui
- INSERM, U511, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR S511 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- INSERM, U511, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR S511 Paris, France
| | | | - Andrew P. Waters
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Mazier
- INSERM, U511, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, UMR S511 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Robert W. Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shahid M. Khan
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Silvie O, Mota MM, Matuschewski K, Prudêncio M. Interactions of the malaria parasite and its mammalian host. Curr Opin Microbiol 2008; 11:352-9. [PMID: 18644249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Plasmodium development inside its mammalian victim is the remarkable restriction to the host species. Adaptation to an intracellular life style in specific target cells is determined by multiple parasite-host interactions. The first line of crosstalk occurs during intradermal sporozoite injection by an Anopheles mosquito. The following expansion in the liver is highly efficient and leads to successful establishment of the parasite population. During the periodic waves of fevers and chills the parasite destroys and re-infects red blood cells. Recent advances in experimental genetics and imaging techniques begin to expose the complex interactions at the changing parasite-host interfaces. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of target cell recognition, nutrient acquisition, and hijacking of cellular and immune functions may ultimately explain the elaborate biology of a medically important single cell eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Silvie
- Department of Parasitology, Heidelberg University School of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Okitsu SL, Silvie O, Westerfeld N, Curcic M, Kammer AR, Mueller MS, Sauerwein RW, Robinson JA, Genton B, Mazier D, Zurbriggen R, Pluschke G. A virosomal malaria peptide vaccine elicits a long-lasting sporozoite-inhibitory antibody response in a phase 1a clinical trial. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1278. [PMID: 18060072 PMCID: PMC2093993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peptides delivered on the surface of influenza virosomes have been shown to induce solid humoral immune responses in experimental animals. High titers of peptide-specific antibodies were also induced in a phase 1a clinical trial in volunteers immunized with virosomal formulations of two peptides derived from the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) of Plasmodium falciparum. The main objective of this study was to perform a detailed immunological and functional analysis of the CSP-specific antibodies elicited in this phase 1a trial. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 46 healthy malaria-naïve adults were immunized with virosomal formulations of two peptide-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugates, one derived from the NANP repeat region of P. falciparum CSP (designated UK-39) the other from P. falciparum AMA-1 (designated AMA49-C1). The two antigens were delivered in two different concentrations, alone and in combination. One group was immunized with empty virosomes as control. In this report we show a detailed analysis of the antibody response against UK-39. Three vaccinations with a 10 microg dose of UK-39 induced high titers of sporozoite-binding antibodies in all volunteers. This IgG response was affinity maturated and long-lived. Co-administration of UK-39 and AMA49-C1 loaded virosomes did not interfere with the immunogenicity of UK-39. Purified total IgG from UK-39 immunized volunteers inhibited sporozoite migration and invasion of hepatocytes in vitro. Sporozoite inhibition closely correlated with titers measured in immunogenicity assays. CONCLUSIONS Virosomal delivery of a short, conformationally constrained peptide derived from P. falciparum CSP induced a long-lived parasite-inhibitory antibody response in humans. Combination with a second virosomally-formulated peptide derived from P. falciparum AMA-1 did not interfere with the immunogenicity of either peptide, demonstrating the potential of influenza virosomes as a versatile, human-compatible antigen delivery platform for the development of multivalent subunit vaccines. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00400101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji L. Okitsu
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Silvie
- INSERM/UPMC UMR S U511, Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Marija Curcic
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Robert W. Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Robinson
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blaise Genton
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Mazier
- INSERM/UPMC UMR S U511, Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Gerd Pluschke
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Okitsu SL, Kienzl U, Moehle K, Silvie O, Peduzzi E, Mueller MS, Sauerwein RW, Matile H, Zurbriggen R, Mazier D, Robinson JA, Pluschke G. Structure-activity-based design of a synthetic malaria peptide eliciting sporozoite inhibitory antibodies in a virosomal formulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:577-87. [PMID: 17524988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum is a leading candidate antigen for inclusion in a malaria subunit vaccine. We describe here the design of a conformationally constrained synthetic peptide, designated UK-39, which has structural and antigenic similarity to the NPNA-repeat region of native CSP. NMR studies on the antigen support the presence of helical turn-like structures within consecutive NPNA motifs in aqueous solution. Intramuscular delivery of UK-39 to mice and rabbits on the surface of reconstituted influenza virosomes elicited high titers of sporozoite crossreactive antibodies. Influenza virus proteins were crucially important for the immunostimulatory activity of the virosome-based antigen delivery system, as a liposomal formulation of UK-39 was not immunogenic. IgG antibodies elicited by UK-39 inhibited invasion of hepatocytes by P. falciparum sporozoites, but not by antigenically distinct P. yoelii sporozoites. Our approach to optimized virosome-formulated synthetic peptide vaccines should be generally applicable for other infectious and noninfectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji L Okitsu
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Silvie O, Franetich JF, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E, Mazier D. Alternative invasion pathways for Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Int J Parasitol 2006; 37:173-82. [PMID: 17112526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium sporozoites is a prerequisite for establishment of a natural malaria infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying sporozoite invasion are largely unknown. We have previously reported that infection by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites depends on CD81 and cholesterol-dependent tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) on the hepatocyte surface. Here we have analyzed the role of CD81 and TEMs during infection by sporozoites from the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei. We found that depending on the host cell type, P. berghei sporozoites can use several distinct pathways for invasion. Infection of human HepG2, HuH7 and HeLa cells by P. berghei does not depend on CD81 or host membrane cholesterol, whereas both CD81 and cholesterol are required for infection of mouse hepatoma Hepa1-6 cells. In primary mouse hepatocytes, both CD81-dependent and -independent mechanisms participate in P. berghei infection and the relative contribution of the different pathways varies, depending on mouse genetic background. The existence of distinct invasion pathways may explain why P. berghei sporozoites are capable of infecting a wide range of host cell types in vitro. It could also provide a means for human parasites to escape immune responses and face polymorphisms of host receptors. This may have implications for the development of an anti-malarial vaccine targeting sporozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Silvie
- Inserm, U511, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France.
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46
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Silvie O, Greco C, Franetich JF, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, Hannoun L, van Gemert GJ, Sauerwein RW, Levy S, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E, Mazier D. Expression of human CD81 differently affects host cell susceptibility to malaria sporozoites depending on the Plasmodium species. Cell Microbiol 2006; 8:1134-46. [PMID: 16819966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites can enter host cells by two distinct pathways, either through disruption of the plasma membrane followed by parasite transmigration through cells, or by formation of a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) where the parasite further differentiates into a replicative exo-erythrocytic form (EEF). We now provide evidence that following invasion without PV formation, transmigrating Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites can partially develop into EEFs inside hepatocarcinoma cell nuclei. We also found that rodent P. yoelii sporozoites can infect both mouse and human hepatocytes, while human P. falciparum sporozoites infect human but not mouse hepatocytes. We have previously reported that the host tetraspanin CD81 is required for PV formation by P. falciparum and P. yoelii sporozoites. Here we show that expression of human CD81 in CD81-knockout mouse hepatocytes is sufficient to confer susceptibility to P. yoelii but not P. falciparum sporozoite infection, showing that the narrow P. falciparum host tropism does not rely on CD81 only. Also, expression of CD81 in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line is sufficient to promote the formation of a PV by P. yoelii but not P. falciparum sporozoites. These results highlight critical differences between P. yoelii and P. falciparum sporozoite infection, and suggest that in addition to CD81, other molecules are specifically required for PV formation during infection by the human malaria parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Silvie
- Inserm, U511, F-75013 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France.
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47
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Silvie O, Charrin S, Billard M, Franetich JF, Clark KL, van Gemert GJ, Sauerwein RW, Dautry F, Boucheix C, Mazier D, Rubinstein E. Cholesterol contributes to the organization of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains and to CD81-dependent infection by malaria sporozoites. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:1992-2002. [PMID: 16687736 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins constitute a family of widely expressed integral membrane proteins that associate extensively with one another and with other membrane proteins to form specific membrane microdomains distinct from conventional lipid rafts. So far, because of the lack of appropriate tools, the functionality of these microdomains has remained largely unknown. Here, using a new monoclonal antibody that only binds to the tetraspanin CD81 associated with other tetraspanins, we show that membrane cholesterol contributes to the organization of tetraspanin microdomains on the surface of live cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrate involvement of host membrane cholesterol during infection by Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, which both depend on host CD81 expression for invasion, but not during CD81-independent infection by Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Our results unravel a functional link between CD81 and cholesterol during infection by malaria parasites, and illustrate that tetraspanin microdomains constitute a novel type of membrane microdomains that could be used by pathogens for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Silvie
- Inserm, U511, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Gego A, Silvie O, Franetich JF, Farhati K, Hannoun L, Luty AJF, Sauerwein RW, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E, Mazier D. New approach for high-throughput screening of drug activity on Plasmodium liver stages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:1586-9. [PMID: 16569892 PMCID: PMC1426939 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.4.1586-1589.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium liver stages represent potential targets for antimalarial prophylactic drugs. Nevertheless, there is a lack of molecules active on these stages. We have now developed a new approach for the high-throughput screening of drug activity on Plasmodium liver stages in vitro, based on an infrared fluorescence scanning system. This method allowed us to count automatically and rapidly Plasmodium-infected hepatocytes, using different hepatic cells and different Plasmodium species, including Plasmodium falciparum. This new technique is well adapted for high-throughput drug screening and should facilitate the identification of new antimalarial compounds active on Plasmodium liver stages.
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Renia L, Maranon C, Hosmalin A, Gruner AC, Silvie O, Snounou G. Do apoptotic Plasmodium-infected hepatocytes initiate protective immune responses? J Infect Dis 2006; 193:163-4; author reply 164-5. [PMID: 16323145 DOI: 10.1086/498536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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50
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Semblat JP, Silvie O, Franetich JF, Mazier D. Laser capture microdissection of hepatic stages of the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum for molecular analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2005; 293:301-7. [PMID: 16028429 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-853-6:301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the sequencing of parasite genomes and development of DNA microarray technology, gene profiling of parasites remains a difficult task. For example, transcriptome analysis cannot currently be applied to the hepatic stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum due to difficulties in obtaining sufficient amounts of parasite material that lies among the large excess of host cell RNA. Here, we describe the isolation of P. falciparum-infected human hepatocytes by a laser capture microdissection approach. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification of several P. falciparum transcripts demonstrates the high quality of the RNA recovered after microdissection. This approach should enable analysis of P. falciparum transcriptome during its hepatic development, a major step toward the identification of new therapeutic and vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Semblat
- Immunobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Infections Parasitaires, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtriere, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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