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Jayakodi G, Sundaram N, Venkatesan P. PARAMETRIC REGRESSION MODELING OF COMPETING RISK USING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PATIENT’S SURVIVAL DATA. JPJB 2022. [DOI: 10.17654/0973514322027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Marpalli S, Rao M, Venkatesan P, George B. Fascicle Orientation of Superficial Back Muscles Attached to the Posterior Layer of the Thoracolumbar Fascia: a Morphometric Study Using Human Cadavers. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2022. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.04.2022.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Marpalli S, Rao KG M, Venkatesan P, George B. Role of Posterior Layer of Thoracolumbar Fascia in Epimuscular Myofascial Force Transmission From Gluteus Maximus to Latissimus Dorsi and Lower Trapezius. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2022. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pranaya S, Ragunath PK, Venkatesan P. Diagnosis of triple negative breast cancer using expression data with several machine learning tools. Bioinformation 2022; 18:325-330. [PMID: 36909691 PMCID: PMC9997499 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the top three commonly caused cancers worldwide. Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer, lacks expression of the oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. This makes the prognosis poor and early detection hard. Therefore, AI based neural models such as Binary Logistic Regression, Multi-Layer Perceptron and Radial Basis Functions were used for differential diagnosis of normal samples and TNBC samples collected from signal intensity data of microarray experiment. Genes that were significantly upregulated in TNBC were compared with healthy controls. The MLP model classified TNBC and normal cells with anaccuracy of 93.4%. However, RBF gave 74% accuracy and binary Logistic Regression model showed an accuracy of 90.0% in identifying TNBC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaranarayanan Pranaya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai - 600 116, India
| | - PK Ragunath
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai - 600 116, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- Department of Statistics, ICMR, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai - 600 031, India
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Senthila S, Kumar PM, Venkatesan P. Preparation of Silymarin–quercetin Loaded Nanoparticles by Spontaneous Emulsification Solvent Diffusion Method Using D-alpha-tocopheryl Poly (Ethylene Glycol) 1000 Succinate. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i1231258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Silymarin, a flavonolignan, derived from Silybum marianum, family Asteraceae has long been used as a hepatoprotective remedy. Silymarin has cytoprotective activities due to its antioxidant property and free radical scavenging activity. The pharmacokinetic studies of past three decades revealed that silymarin has poor absorption, rapid metabolism especially by Phase II metabolism and ultimately poor oral bioavailability. Quercetin, a flavonoid present in edible vegetables and fruits, It is a potent antioxidant and shows a wide range of biological functions. Quercetin improves blood levels and efficacy of number of drugs since it is P-Glycoprotein inhibitor and also inhibits drug metabolizing enzymes. Both silymarin and quercetin were, poorly soluble in the water shows low bioavailability. The advanced type of formulation like polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) can be successfully utilised for bioavailability enhancement and targeting the Silymarin-quercetin to hepatocytes. A controlled release PNPs of silymarin-quercetin were prepared by spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion (SESD) method using Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) as biodegradable polymer, D-alpha-tocopheryl poly (ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (TPGS) used as a solubilizer, as an emulsifier. TPGS as an emulsifier and further as a matrix material blended with PLGA was used to enhance the encapsulation efficiency and improve the drug release profile of nanoparticles. Different formulations with various drug: polymer ratios and volume and concentration of surfactant, centrifugation time were evaluated. The effect of formulation parameters such as drug/polymer ratio, volume and surfactant content were evaluated. The surface morphology and size of the nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Drug encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release profiles of nanoparticles were determined using UV spectrophotometry. The nanoparticles prepared with combination of both the drugs in this study were spherical with size range of 100–200 nm. It was shown that TPGS was a good emulsifier for producing nanoparticles of hydrophobic drugs and improving the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading and drug release profile of nanoparticles. Although the amount of the TPGS used had a significant effect on the nanoparticle size and morphology, the drug loading and release profile of nanoparticles
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Marpalli S, Mohandas Rao KG, Venkatesan P, George BM. The morphological and microscopical characteristics of posterior layer of human thoracolumbar fascia; A potential source of low back pain. Morphologie 2021; 105:308-315. [PMID: 33579637 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia (PTLF) is the deep fascia of back of the trunk, which connects the trunk, upper limb and lower limb muscles. Very few cadaveric studies of posterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia (PTLF) are found in the literature, which mention the presence of nerve receptors in it but, quantification of the nerve receptors where not found. Providing the morphological and morphometrical data of PTLF may help the exercise physiologists, sports physicians, occupational health assistants and, physiotherapists to modify or invent new protocol of treatment to help the society. METHODS In this study, twenty formalin embalmed human cadavers were used and we have documented the orientation of the PTLF and quantified the number of peripheral nerve endings at the different vertebral levels. RESULTS Mean distance of PTLF from vertebral spines to the musculofascial junction was at thoracic region 3.38cm and 3.34cm; at lumbar region, it was 7.4cm and 7.36cm and at sacral region it was 2.98cm and 2.96cm on right and left side, respectively. The angulation of PTLF varies from 18-110 degrees at different vertebral levels. The microscopic data shows the thickness of PTLF and number of nerve endings in the sacral level is increased compared to that of thoracic vertebral levels. CONCLUSIONS We have contributed the novel morphological and microscopical details to the limited existing data on PTLF. We also have provided the quantitative data of nerve fibers, which are possible nociceptors of PTLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marpalli
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - K G Mohandas Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- Department of physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions (Bangalore campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - B M George
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.
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Vijayaraj M, Abhinand PA, Venkatesan P, Ragunath PK. An ANN model for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. Bioinformation 2020; 16:539-546. [PMID: 32994679 PMCID: PMC7505241 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis and consequently mistreated owing to inherent limitations in histopathological and radiological presentations. It is known that the differential diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis is often non-trivial and requires expertise and experience from clinicians. Therefore, it is of interest to describe a multilayer neural network model to differentiate pulmonary tuberculosis from Sarcoidosis using signal intensity data from blood transcriptional microarray. Genes that are significantly upregulated in Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis in comparison with healthy controls were used in the model. The model classified Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis with 95.8% accuracy. The model also helps to identify gene markers that are differentially upregulated in the two clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Vijayaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University)
| | - PA Abhinand
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University)
| | - P Venkatesan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University)
| | - PK Ragunath
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University)
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Ramesh Kumar S, Dolla C, Vasantha M, Menon PA, Venkatesan G, Venkatesan P. Strategies for smoking cessation (pharmacologic intervention versus enhanced motivation vs. standard motivation) in TB patients under treatment in the RNTCP, India - A cluster - Randomized trial. Indian J Tuberc 2020; 67:8-14. [PMID: 32192623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis burden is still high and smoking prevalence among males has increased in India. It is found that increased morbidity, mortality and relapse among TB smokers. METHOD Setting: Patients from two Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program Centres of Tamilnadu form the study population. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of Bupropion therapy along with standard counselling versus enhanced counseling versus standard counseling for smoking cessation among TB patients. STUDY DESIGN Cluster randomized effectiveness trial. PROCEDURE Patients from each of the thirty-six Designated Microscopic Centres were randomly allocated to receive one of the three interventions using cluster randomization. Smoking cessation was assessed by self-reporting and confirmed by Carbon monoxide(CO) monitors, done at three-time points and TB treatment outcome at the end of ATT. RESULTS Out of 517 male patients enrolled to the study, the smoking status is available only to 381 subjects. The proportion of patients who have quit smoking in drug, enhanced and standard arms at the end of treatment was 67%, 83% and 52% (P= < 0.001). There was no statistical significance in response to TB treatment between those who quit and those who did not (Favourable response 99.2% vs 97.6%). CONCLUSION Both enhanced counselling arm and drug arm are effective strategies for smoking cessation among TB patients and their implementation in the TB programs are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramesh Kumar
- Dept. of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Madurai Unit, India.
| | - Chandrakumar Dolla
- Dept. of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - M Vasantha
- Dept. of Statistics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeep Aravinda Menon
- Dept. of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - G Venkatesan
- Dept. of Socio Behavioral Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- Dept. of Statistics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Mahesh BA, Kannan E, Davis GDJ, Venkatesan P, Ragunath PK. GenPop-An Online Tool to Analyze Human Population Genetic Data. Bioinformation 2020; 16:149-152. [PMID: 32405166 PMCID: PMC7196168 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GenPop is a web based online cross platform tool developed to help Geneticist and Epidemiologist to deal with association studies in analyzing human population genetic data. The
tool features include descriptive analysis such as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, chi-square p-value and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with multiple inheritance
models such as dominant, recessive, allelic, genotype, odd's ratio and relative risk at 95% confidence interval and analysis of multiple SNPs including haplotype frequencies and linkage
disequilibrium for a pair of biallelic markers. This is a user-driven human population genetic data analysis tool that is easily scalable and acceptable with multiple implementations of
different algorithms. GenPop has been developed using PHP, JavaScript and with PHPExcel library to analyse the genetic data for case control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arundhati Mahesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai ,Tamilnadu, India- 600116
| | - E Kannan
- VelTech Rangarajan Dr. Saguthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai ,Tamilnadu, India - 600062
| | - G Dicky John Davis
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai ,Tamilnadu, India- 600116
| | - P Venkatesan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai ,Tamilnadu, India- 600116
| | - P K Ragunath
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai ,Tamilnadu, India- 600116
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Lixandru A, Venkatesan P, Jönsson C, Poenaru I, Hall B, Yang Y, Walton A, Güth K, Gauß R, Gutfleisch O. Identification and recovery of rare-earth permanent magnets from waste electrical and electronic equipment. Waste Manag 2017; 68:482-489. [PMID: 28751173 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are a strategic material for a number of emerging technologies. They are a key component in the most energy efficient electric motors and generators, thus, they are vital for energy technologies, industrial applications and automation, and future forms of mobility. Rare earth elements (REEs) such as neodymium, dysprosium and praseodymium are also found in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in volumes that grow with the technological evolution, and are marked as critical elements by the European Commission due to their high economic importance combined with significant supply risks. Recycling could be a good approach to compensate for the lack of rare earths (REs) on the market. However, less than 1% of REs are currently being recycled, mainly because of non-existing collection logistics, lack of information about the quantity of RE materials available for recycling and recycling-unfriendly product designs. To improve these lack of information, different waste streams of electrical and electronic equipment from an industrial recycling plant were analyzed in order to localize, identify and collect RE permanent magnets of the Nd-Fe-B type. This particular type of magnets were mainly found in hard disk drives (HDDs) from laptops and desktop computers, as well as in loudspeakers from compact products such as flat screen TVs, PC screens, and laptops. Since HDDs have been investigated thoroughly by many authors, this study focusses on other potential Nd-Fe-B resources in electronic waste. The study includes a systematic survey of the chemical composition of the Nd-Fe-B magnets found in the selected waste streams, which illustrates the evolution of the Nd-Fe-B alloys over the years. The study also provides an overview over the types of magnets integrated in different waste electric and electronic equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lixandru
- Fraunhofer ISC - Project Group Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, 63457 Hanau, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Functional Materials, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - P Venkatesan
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - C Jönsson
- University of Birmingham, School of Metallurgy and Materials, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - I Poenaru
- Fraunhofer ISC - Project Group Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, 63457 Hanau, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Functional Materials, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Hall
- Stena Metall AB, 40040 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Y Yang
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A Walton
- University of Birmingham, School of Metallurgy and Materials, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - K Güth
- Fraunhofer ISC - Project Group Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, 63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - R Gauß
- Fraunhofer ISC - Project Group Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, 63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - O Gutfleisch
- Fraunhofer ISC - Project Group Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS, 63457 Hanau, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Functional Materials, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Kumar SR, Pooranagangadevi N, Rajendran M, Mayer K, Flanigan T, Niaura R, Balaguru S, Venkatesan P, Swaminathan S. Physician's advice on quitting smoking in HIV and TB patients in south India: a randomised clinical trial. Public Health Action 2017; 7:39-45. [PMID: 28775942 PMCID: PMC5526492 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Madurai, India. Objective: To determine the efficacy of physician's advice on quitting smoking compared with standard counselling in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Design/Methods: This was a clinical trial conducted in Madurai, south India, among 160 male patients (80 with TB and 80 with HIV), randomised and stratified by nicotine dependence (low/high according to the Fagerström scale), who received physician's advice with standard counselling or standard counselling alone for smoking cessation. Abstinence at 1 month was assessed by self-report and carbon monoxide breath analysis. Results: The patients' mean age was 39.4 years (SD 8.5). Overall, 35% of the patients had high nicotine dependence. Most patients (41%) smoked both cigarettes and bidis. In a combined analysis including both the HIV and the TB groups, quit rates were 41% of the 68 patients in the physician group and 35% of the 68 patients in the standard counselling arm. Conclusions: Physician's advice to quit smoking delivered to patients with TB or HIV is feasible and acceptable. Smoking cessation could easily be initiated in TB patients in programme settings. Future studies should assess long-term abstinence rates with a larger sample size to demonstrate the efficacy of physician's advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Kumar
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - N Pooranagangadevi
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - M Rajendran
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - K Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Flanigan
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - R Niaura
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S Balaguru
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S Swaminathan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Sharmila N, Sundar TV, Sakthivel P, Venkatesan P. Ethyl 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2 H-pyran-5-carboxylate. IUCr Data 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C16H17ClO4, is a derivative of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-one in which the root moiety forms a dihedral angle of 49.36 (5)° with the pendent chlorobenzene ring. The crystal structure features weak methyl-C—H...O(ring carbonyl) contacts, leading to anR22(12) ring motif, and benzene-C—H...O(ester) interactions, leading to a supramolecular chain along thebaxis, to form a three-dimensional network.
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Abstract
The title compound, C16H18O4, is a derivative of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-one. The plane of the pyranone ring system forms a dihedral angle of 42.76 (10)° with that of the phenyl group. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H...O interactions that enclose anR21(6) ring motif and link the molecules into chains along thecaxis. A short intramolecular O...O contact [2.942 (3) Å] gives rise to anS(5) motif.
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Sharmila N, Sundar TV, Sathish G, Venkatesan P. Crystal and geometry-optimized structure, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-(2-bromo-eth-yl)indoline-2,3-dione. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:1569-1573. [PMID: 27840710 PMCID: PMC5095835 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016015760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the title compound, the isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) moiety is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.026 Å). In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ab plane, and enclosing (24) loops. In the title compound, C10H8BrNO2, the isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) moiety is nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.026 Å). In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ab plane, and enclosing R44(24) loops. There are a low percentage (19.3%) of intermolecular H⋯H contacts in the structure, as estimated by the analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces. This could be due to the presence of the Br atom, present in the bromoethylene group, which makes ca 18.7% Br⋯H contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharmila
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Physics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T V Sundar
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Physics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Sathish
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- Laboratorio de Políimeros, Centro de Química Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Complejo de Ciencias, ICUAP, Edif. 103H, 22 Sur y San Claudio, C.P. 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Abstract
We studied the premorbid characteristics and outcomes of 73 consecutive elderly patients (median age 79 years) admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. Eighty-six per cent of all patients had previously suffered from chronic diseases (mainly respiratory), 54% had been restricted in outdoor mobility due to breathlessness and 22% had limited self-care ability (Barthel score 15/20 or less). By six weeks 33% had died. Amongst the 49 survivors, nine patients (18%) were in hospital and eight had required a change of residence on discharge indicating a greater level of dependency. Fourteen of these 17 patients had previously lived alone. Amongst those who had returned to private addresses, the prevalence of significant disability (Barthel score 15/20 or less) rose from 20% before the pneumonia to 30% at six weeks. Amongst the less disabled survivors, the perceived health, measured by the Nottingham Health Profile, was similar to that found in a community survey of chronically ill elderly people. In addition to a high fatality rate, community acquired pneumonia in the elderly carries a substantial morbidity in terms of increased dependency and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Venkatesan
- Department of Statistics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR), Mayor Ramanathan Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sharmila N, Sundar TV, Satish G, Venkatesan P. 1-Benzyl-5-methylindoline-2,3-dione. IUCr Data 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314616003813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C16H13NO2, is an isatin (indole-2,3-dione) derivative. The isatin moiety is almost planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.022 Å, and its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 74.19 (12)° with the benzyl ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, formingC(6) chains propagating along thea-axis direction. The chains are linkedviaC—H...π interactions, forming slabs parallel to theabplane. Within the slabs there are weak π–π interactions present involving inversion-related isatin moieties.
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Suresh S, Senthamarai Kannan K, Venkatesan P. Higher order multivariate Markov chain model for fuzzy time series. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09720510.2014.894303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sharmila N, Sundar TV, Satish G, Ilangovan A, Venkatesan P. Two new isatin derivatives: 1-benzyl-4,5,6-trimethoxyindoline-2,3-dione and 1-benzyl-5-fluoroindoline-2,3-dione. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2015; 71:975-8. [PMID: 26524170 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615018422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) derivatives represent synthetically useful substrates which can be used to prepare a broad range of heterocyclic compounds. In the title compounds, C18H17NO5, (I), and C15H10FNO2, (II), the isatin ring systems are planar and form a dihedral angle of 73.04 (7)° in (I) and 76.82 (11)° in (II) with the benzyl groups. The bicyclic scaffolds in both compounds are almost superimposable, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.061 Å. The crystal structures of both derivatives are stabilized by C-H···O interactions. These contacts generate an R(1)2(7) ring motif in (I) and a C(7) chain motif in (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharmila
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Physics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, India
| | - T V Sundar
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Physics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 001, India
| | - G Satish
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Ilangovan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
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Kumar RS, Kumar AMV, Claassens M, Banurekha VV, Gomathi NS, Venkatesan P, Swaminathan S. Number of sputum specimens during treatment follow-up of tuberculosis patients: two or one? Public Health Action 2015; 3:304-7. [PMID: 26393051 DOI: 10.5588/pha.13.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis clinics in Chennai and Madurai, India. OBJECTIVE To examine the pattern of serial smears (negative-negative [NN], negative-positive [NP], positive-negative [PN], positive-positive [PP]) during treatment follow-up of culture-confirmed new smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) patients, and the proportion of culture-negatives in each category. DESIGN We reviewed the records and extracted follow-up smear (fluorescent microscopy) and culture (Löwenstein-Jensen) results of patients enrolled in clinical trials from January 2000 to August 2012 and treated with the Category I regimen (2EHRZ3/4HR3). Data entry and analysis were performed using EpiData. RESULTS Among 520 patients (176 infected with the human immunodeficiency virus), the proportions of culture-negative patients with NN, discordant (PN or NP) and PP patterns were approximately 98%, 80% and 40%, respectively. The smear-positive culture-negative phenomenon was more frequent in follow-up smear results graded 1+, followed by 2+ and 3+. CONCLUSION There is justification for discontinuing the examination of second specimens during treatment follow-up among TB patients. However, a positive result on the first smear needs to be confirmed by a second positive result before making clinical management decisions. The World Health Organization may need to reconsider its recommendation on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - M Claassens
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - V V Banurekha
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - N S Gomathi
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S Swaminathan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Sesh P, Venkatesan P, Jeyaraja K, Chandrasekar M, Pandiyan V. Xanthine oxidase as a biochemical marker of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs. INDIAN J ANIM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00111.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kumar BNP, Puvvada N, Rajput S, Sarkar S, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Venkatesan P, Pal I, Dey G, Konar S, Brunt KR, Rao RR, Mazumdar A, Kundu SC, Pathak A, Fisher PB, Mandal M. Sequential release of drugs from hollow manganese ferrite nanocarriers for breast cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:90-101. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Single drug therapies for cancer are often ineffective and may not provide long term clinical benefits.
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Chandrasekaran D, Venkatesan P, Tirumurugaan KG, Nambi AP, Thirunavukkarasu PS, Kumanan K, Vairamuthu S. A study on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.31018/jans.v6i2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious problem in dairy animals suffering from mastitis. The study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of Methicillin resistant S. aureus from clinical mastitis milk samples and their antibiotic resistance profile and characterised with respect to the molecular features that contributed to the resistance in these pathogens. Isolation and identification of Methicillin resistant S. aureus were performed from acute clinical mastitis samples. The isolates were tested using agar disc diffusion method for their antimicrobial susceptibility and modified resazurin assay micro dilution technique for MIC to 8 different antimicrobial drugs. A total of 235 clinical mastitis milk samples from dairy cows were cultured for incidence of S. aureus. Methicillin resistant S. aureus was isolated from a total of 12 (44.25%) of the 116 S. aureus samples. Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity and MIC results, MRSA isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. Most of MRSA isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. MRSA alert kit test and mecA and blaZ target gene PCR were found to be useful in the confirmation of MRSA.
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Venkatesan P, Rajakannan V, Thamotharan S. Crystal structure of 3-amino-1-propyl-pyridinium bromide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:580-3. [PMID: 25552997 PMCID: PMC4257424 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814025665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title mol-ecular salt, C8H13N2 (+)·Br(-), crystallizes with two independent 3-amino-pyridinium cations and two bromide anions in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 2). In the pyridine ring, the N atom is alkyl-ated by a propyl group. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyridinium ring and the propyl group is 84.84 (2)° in cation A, whereas the corresponding angle is 89.23 (2)° in cation B. In the crystal, the anions and cations are linked via N-H⋯Br and C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [100].
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Venkatesan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - V. Rajakannan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - S. Thamotharan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
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Kumar RS, Kumar AMV, Claassens M, Banurekha VV, Sekar G, Venkatesan P, Swaminathan S. Are we justified in treating for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis based on positive follow-up smear results? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:449-53. [PMID: 24670701 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, India. OBJECTIVE To assess, among new culture-confirmed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, the proportion of follow-up smear-positives that were culture-negative (S+C-) by month of follow-up examination, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, pre-treatment drug susceptibility status and smear grading. DESIGN We extracted follow-up smear (fluorescence microscopy) and culture (Löwenstein-Jensen) results of patients enrolled in clinical trials from January 2000 to August 2012 and treated with the WHO Category I regimen (2EHRZ3/4HR3). RESULTS Of 520 patients, including 176 who were HIV-infected, respectively 199, 81, 47 and 43 were smear-positive at months 2, 4, 5 and 6; of these, respectively 138 (69%), 62 (75%), 32 (68%) and 27 (63%) were culture-negative. The S+C- phenomenon was more pronounced among '1+ positive' patients than in 2+ or 3+ positive patients and in 'pan-susceptible' patients than in those with any resistance, and did not vary by HIV status. CONCLUSION Nearly two thirds of patients with follow-up smears positive at months 5 and 6 were culture-negative. Starting multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) treatment empirically based on smear results, even in resource-limited settings, is incorrect and can have hazardous consequences. There is an urgent need to revisit the WHO recommendation concerning empirical MDR-TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - M Claassens
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - V V Banurekha
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - G Sekar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - P Venkatesan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S Swaminathan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Berry L, Venkatesan P. Aciclovir-induced neurotoxicity: Utility of CSF and serum CMMG levels in diagnosis. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:608-10. [PMID: 25440915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aciclovir is an anti-viral frequently used for herpes virus infections. Neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are uncommon but serious side effects of aciclovir treatment. This case illustrates how aciclovir induced neurotoxicity can present and how it can be diagnosed using quantitative assays of aciclovir and its metabolite in the CSF and serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom(1).
| | - P Venkatesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom(1)
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Chandrasekaran D, Venkatesan P, Tirumurugaan KG, Nambi AP, Thirunavukkarasu PS, Kumanan K, Vairamuthu S, Ramesh S. Pattern of antibiotic resistant mastitis in dairy cows. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.389-394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Seethalakshmi T, Venkatesan P, Nallu M, Lynch DE, Thamotharan S. 1-Allyl-2-amino-pyridin-1-ium bromide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o884. [PMID: 23795060 PMCID: PMC3685041 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813012452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the cation of the title salt, C8H11N2+·Br−, the dihedral angle between the planes of the pyridinium ring and the allyl group is 79.4 (3)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯Br and weak C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions, forming chains of alternating R21(7) and R42(8) rings, which run parallel to the c-axis direction. The crystal studied was an inversion twin with components in a 0.753 (12):0.247 (12) ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seethalakshmi
- Department of Physics, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Karur 639 005, India
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Venkatesan P, Bhutia SK, Singh AK, Das SK, Dash R, Chaudhury K, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, Mandal M. AEE788 potentiates celecoxib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Life Sci 2012; 91:789-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Venkatesan P, Santhanalakshmi J. Core-Shell Bimetallic Au-Pd Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Structure, Optical and Catalytic Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.nn.20110102.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Venkatesan P, Santhanalakshmi J. Synthesis of Gold-Palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Surface Catalytic Activity in Suzuki Coupling Reactions Using in FTIR Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.materials.20120203.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Taylor R, Pammi M, Venkatesan P. P3 Differences between attitudes to HIV testing and HIV testing practice among hospital doctors. Br J Vener Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050601c.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Venkatesan P, Janardhanan VS, Muralidharan C, Valliappan K. Improved HPLC method with the aid of chemometric strategy: determination of loxoprofen in pharmaceutical formulation. Acta Chim Slov 2012; 59:242-248. [PMID: 24061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Loxoprofen belongs to a class of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug acts by inhibiting isoforms of cyclo-oxygenase 1 and 2. In this study an improved RP-HPLC method was developed for the quantification of loxoprofen in pharmaceutical dosage form. For that purpose an experimental design approach was employed. Factors-independent variables (organic modifier, pH of the mobile phase and flow rate) were extracted from the preliminary study and as dependent variables three responses (loxoprofen retention factor, resolution between loxoprofen probenecid and retention time of probenecid) were selected. For the improvement of method development and optimization step, Derringer's desirability function was applied to simultaneously optimize the chosen three responses. The procedure allowed deduction of optimal conditions and the predicted optimum was acetonitrile: water (53:47, v/v), pH of the mobile phase adjusted at to 2.9 with ortho phosphoric acid. The separation was achieved in less than 4minutes. The method was applied in the quality control of commercial tablets. The method showed good agreement between the experimental data and predictive value throughout the studied parameter space. The optimized assay condition was validated according to International conference on harmonisation guidelines to confirm specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision.
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Abstract
A series of 4-hydroxy-3,4-dialkyl-2,6-diaryl-piperidine (7-12) have been synthesised by reduction of 3-alkyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-one using the Grignard reagent. Structural assignments and conformational analysis of the compounds were established based on the spectral studies. All the piperdin-4-ol derivatives (7-12) were assayed for antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activities and they exhibited significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maruthavanan
- Department of Chemistry, Sona College of Technology, Salem-636005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Santhanalakshmi J, Komalavalli R, Venkatesan P. Photo Catalytic Degradation of Chloropyrifos, Endosulphon, Imidocloprid and Quinolphos by Nano Crystalline TiO 2 – a Kinetic Study with pH and Mass Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.nn.20120201.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Venkatesan P, Santhanalakshmi J. Synthesis and Characterization of Surfactant Stabilized Trimetallic Au-Ag-Pd Nanoparticles for Heck Coupling Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.pc.20120201.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Venkatesan P, Maruthavanan T. Piperidine-mediated synthesis of thiazolyl chalcones and their derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:223-34. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.536161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Venkatesan
- Department of Chemistry, Mahendra Institute of Technology, Namakkal 637503, India.
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Venkatesan P, Maruthavanan T. Piperidine-mediated synthesis of thiazolyl chalcones and their derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Venkatesan P, Manavalan R, Valliappan K. Preparation and evaluation of sustained release loxoprofen loaded microspheres. J Basic Clin Pharm 2011; 2:159-62. [PMID: 24826017 PMCID: PMC3979224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate the loxoprofen loaded Sustained release microspheres by emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Ethylcellulose, a biocompatible polymer is used as the retardant material. The effects of process conditions such as drug loading, polymer type and solvent type on the characteristics of microspheres were investigated. The prepared microspheres were characterized for their particle size and drug loading and drug release. The in-vitro release studies were carried out in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. The prepared microspheres were white, free flowing and spherical in shape. The drug-loaded microspheres showed 71.2% of entrapment and the in-vitro release studies showed that Loxoprofen microspheres of 1:3 ratios showed better sustained effect over a period of 8 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu-608 002, India,Corresponding Author: E-mail:
| | - R. Manavalan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu-608 002, India
| | - K. Valliappan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu-608 002, India
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Venkatesan P, Puvvada N, Dash R, Prashanth Kumar B, Sarkar D, Azab B, Pathak A, Kundu SC, Fisher PB, Mandal M. The potential of celecoxib-loaded hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposite for the treatment of colon cancer. Biomaterials 2011; 32:3794-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Venkatesan P, Raman TT, Ponnuraja C. Survival analysis of women with breast cancer under adjuvant therapy in South India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:1533-1535. [PMID: 22126494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
While there has been much research in identifying risk factors and prognostic factor for breast cancer for breast cancer survival, the research specific to South Indian population is limited: Most of the association studies between breast cancer and risk factor have been widely studied in developed countries. This study attempts to explore the survival experience of breast cancer patients treated under adjuvant and neo-adjuvant therapy. The data were obtained from a Government Cancer Hospital, Tamil Nadu, South India and included 522 women diagnosed and treated with adjuvant and neo-adjuvant therapy between January 2000 to December 2008 and follow up to May 2010. The survival experiences under two treatments are presented using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The important prognostic variables for response to treatment survival were identified using Cox regression with and without time-dependent covariates. Of the 522 cases, 248(47.5%) were of stage 2 (A and B), 249 (47.7%) were of stage 3 (A and B). About 90% received neo-adjuvant therapy. About 94% of the patients had response to treatment. The Cox model showed that apart from the chemotherapy, number of children, child birth status and stage 3B and 4 turn out to be significant predictors for response to treatment survival. This is the first study to evaluate adjuvant therapy effects under hospital setup in South India. The results show that response to treatment survival is related poor in advanced stage patients under treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Venkatesan
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, ICMR, Department of Mathematics, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
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Venkatesan P, Santhanalakshmi J. Designed synthesis of Au/Ag/Pd trimetallic nanoparticle-based catalysts for Sonogashira coupling reactions. Langmuir 2010; 26:12225-12229. [PMID: 20462280 DOI: 10.1021/la101088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pdnp and Pd containing trimetallic nanoparticles (tnp) are synthesized by chemical method with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the capping agent. Compositionally, four different tnp are prepared and the particle sizes are characterized by UV-vis spectra, HR-TEM, and XRD measurements. The catalytic activities of Pdnp and tnp are tested using the Sonogashira C-C coupling reaction. The product yield and recyclability of the recovered catalysts are studied. tnp (1:1:1) exhibited better catalysis than Pdnp, which may be due to the concerted electronic effects of the Au-Ag core onto the Pd shell atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Venkatesan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamilnadu, India.
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Venkatesan P, Santhanalakshmi J. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of trimetallic nanoparticles in the Suzuki C–C coupling reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kamala T, Paramasivan CN, Herbert D, Venkatesan P, Prabhakar R. Evaluation of procedures for isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria from soil and water. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 60:1021-4. [PMID: 16349208 PMCID: PMC201427 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.3.1021-1024.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Six methods of decontamination each for the isolation of mycobacteria from soil and water were compared. On the basis of the results obtained, three of the six methods for soil and two of the six methods for water were further evaluated. For both soil and water samples, the method using 3% sodium lauryl sulfate in combination with 1% NaOH yielded more positives than the other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamala
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Madras, India
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Venkatesan P, Das S, Krishnan MMR, Chakraborty C, Chaudhury K, Mandal M. Effect of AEE788 and/or Celecoxib on colon cancer cell morphology using advanced microscopic techniques. Micron 2009; 41:247-56. [PMID: 19945288 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of changes in cancer cell morphology and cytoskeletal element induced by external stimuli is focus of current cancer chemotherapeutic studies. Cancer cell cytoskeleton is complex network of interwoven protein fibers composed of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. These interwoven protein fibers are responsible for maintaining cell morphology, movement, adhesion and transmembrane signal transmission. In this study, morphological and cytoskeletal changes induced by AEE788 and/or Celecoxib on colon cancer cell HCT 15 were analyzed using advanced microscopic techniques. Cell proliferation assay was used for determining IC(50) of AEE788 and/or Celecoxib on HCT 15. Confocal microscopic analysis of AEE788 and/or Celecoxib treated HCT 15 was performed using Rhodamine-Phalloidin (actin stain) and Hoechst 33342 (nuclear stain). Atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were also performed to analyze cell morphology and cell wall extension (filopodia and lamellipodia). In addition, quantitative analysis of morphological parameters was studied using cellular image processing technique. This is the first report that combination of AEE788 and Celecoxib additively increase growth inhibition and cell death on human colon cancer cell HCT 15 as estimated by cell proliferation assay. Morphological analysis of AEE788 or Celecoxib treated HCT 15 cell for 24h have not revealed significant change in morphology under phase contrast microscopy. But, slight morphological changes were observed in combination (AEE788+Celecoxib) treated HCT 15 for 24h. In contrast, high resolution confocal laser fluorescence and atomic force microscopic studies have revealed cell shrinkage, disorganized actin filament and, loss of filopodia and lamellipodia. These changes were more prominent in combination of AEE788 and Celecoxib treated HCT 15 than either drug alone. These results may suggest antiproliferative and antimetastatic activity of AEE788 and/or Celecoxib. Quantitative analysis of morphological parameters using cellular image processing technique have shown decrease in mean area, perimeter, compactness and eccentricity of combination drug treated cells than either drug alone. These results further support the confocal and AFM study. Scanning electron microscopic study of AEE788 and/or Celecoxib treated HCT 15 has also shown morphological changes and loss of filopodia and lamellipodia. In conclusion, this investigation of morphological and cytoskeletal changes using advanced microscopic techniques present a significant foundation for evaluating anticancer activity of a drug and form a new strategy for evaluating effect of AEE788 and/or Celecoxib on colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Venkatesan
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Pandiyarajan T, Karthikeyan B, Venkatesan P, Ashok M, Anandan S, Giridharan NV. Simple synthesis and spectroscopic studies on cobalt added ZnO nanocrystals. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 74:84-86. [PMID: 19546025 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared through simple wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the prepared particles are in wurtzite structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy studies show the shape and morphology of the particles. To identify the presence of cobalt in ZnO, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis was done. Optical absorption measurements show the presence of exciton peak at 375 nm. Photoluminescence studies were done with the excitation wavelength of 330 nm, which shows the emission because of exciton recombination and oxygen vacancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pandiyarajan
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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Babu BR, Venkatesan P, Kanimozhi R, Basha CA. Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater by electrochemical oxidation using cylindrical flow reactor and optimization of treatment conditions. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2009; 44:985-994. [PMID: 19827490 DOI: 10.1080/10934520902996880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the use of electrooxidation for treatment of wastewater obtained from a pharmaceutical industry. The wastewater primarily contained Gentamicin and Dexamethasone. With NaCl as supporting electrolyte, the effluent was treated in a cylindrical flow reactor in continuous (single pass) mode under various current densities (2-5 A/dm2) and flow rates (10-40 L/h). By cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis, the optimum condition for maximum redox reaction was determined. The efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and power consumption were studied for different operating conditions. From the results it was observed that maximum COD reduction of about 85.56% was obtained at a flow rate of 10 L/h with an applied current density of 4 A/dm2. FT-IR spectra studies showed that during electrooxidation, the intensities of characteristic functional groups such as N-H, O-H were reduced and some new peaks also started to appear. Probable theory, reaction mechanism and modeling were proposed for the oxidation of pharmaceutical effluent. The experimental results demonstrated that electrooxidation treatment was very effective and capable of elevating the quality of treated wastewater to the reuse standard prescribed for pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ramesh Babu
- Pollution Control Division, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sulochana S, Mitchison DA, Kubendiren G, Venkatesan P, Paramasivan CN. Bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin on exponential and stationary phase cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Chemother 2009; 21:127-34. [PMID: 19423464 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2009.21.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin, alone and in combination with isoniazid and rifampin, was studied on exponential and stationary phase cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv strain, the standard strain which is a wild type of M. tuberculosis strain, not exposed to any environment, susceptible to all anti-tuberculosis drugs. Moxifloxacin alone was highly bactericidal, being intermediate in activity between isoniazid and rifampin on both types of culture. The speed of activity was slow with the stationary phase culture, causing a reduction from 6.41 log(10)cfu/ml to 2.70 log(10)cfu/ml on day 6 with the higher moxifloxacin concentration of 4 microg/ml and to 4.08 log(10)cfu/ml with the lower concentration of 0.25 microg/ml. When added to isoniazid, its activity against both exponential and stationary phase cultures was increased. However, when it was added to rifampin, no increase in activity was found with either type of culture. Addition of moxifloxacin to isoniazid and rifampin resulted in a slight increase in activity against the exponential culture but a considerable increase against the stationary culture with counts below the limit of detection at 4 and 6 days with both moxifloxacin concentrations. The synergism found with isoniazid, but not with rifampin, supports the view that isoniazid should be included in combinations with moxifloxacin during the therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sulochana
- Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudhur, India
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