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Seifarth FG, Lax JEM, Harvey J, DiCorleto PE, Husni ME, Chandrasekharan UM, Tytell M. Topical heat shock protein 70 prevents imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1129-1135. [PMID: 29616455 PMCID: PMC6111098 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with systemic manifestations and potential genetic etiology. The newest treatments utilize antibodies against one of several cytokines known to underlie the inflammatory signaling molecules that produce the skin and systemic symptoms. However, these agents must be regularly injected, and they may compromise the normal responses of the immune system. Furthermore, they do not address the causes of the abnormal immunoregulatory responses of the disease because the etiology is not yet completely understood. In this short-term treatment study, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of an alfalfa-derived Hsp70-containing skin cream (aHsp70) was tested on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like lesions in wild-type mice. Treatment of the mice with the aHsp70 skin cream simultaneously with the imiquimod application mitigated the induction of psoriatic-like lesions and correlated with altered expression of various skin cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico G Seifarth
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kalispell Regional Healthcare, 1333 Surgical Services Drive, Kalispell, MT, 59901, USA
| | - Julia E-M Lax
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Alfa Biogene International B.V., Eemnesserweg 56, 3741 GB, Baarn, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Harvey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Paul E DiCorleto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Division of Research and Sponsored Programs, Kent State University, 202G Schwartz Center, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - M Elaine Husni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Unnikrishnan M Chandrasekharan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Michael Tytell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Harris DP, Chandrasekharan UM, Bandyopadhyay S, Willard B, DiCorleto PE. PRMT5-Mediated Methylation of NF-κB p65 at Arg174 Is Required for Endothelial CXCL11 Gene Induction in Response to TNF-α and IFN-γ Costimulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148905. [PMID: 26901772 PMCID: PMC4768879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory agonists differentially activate gene expression of the chemokine family of proteins in endothelial cells (EC). TNF is a weak inducer of the chemokine CXCL11, while TNF and IFN-γ costimulation results in potent CXCL11 induction. The molecular mechanisms underlying TNF plus IFN-γ-mediated CXCL11 induction are not fully understood. We have previously reported that the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 catalyzes symmetrical dimethylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 in EC at multiple arginine residues. Methylation of Arg30 and Arg35 on p65 is critical for TNF induction of CXCL10 in EC. Here we show that PRMT5-mediated methylation of p65 at Arg174 is required for induction of CXCL11 when EC are costimulated with TNF and IFN-γ. Knockdown of PRMT5 by RNAi reduced CXCL11 mRNA and protein levels in costimulated cells. Reconstitution of p65 Arg174Ala or Arg174Lys mutants into EC that were depleted of endogenous p65 blunted TNF plus IFN-γ-mediated CXCL11 induction. Mass spectrometric analyses showed that p65 Arg174 arginine methylation is enhanced by TNF plus IFN-γ costimulation, and is catalyzed by PRMT5. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP) demonstrated that PRMT5 is necessary for p65 association with the CXCL11 promoter in response to TNF plus IFN-γ. Further, reconstitution of p65 Arg174Lys mutant in EC abrogated this p65 association with the CXCL11 promoter. Finally, ChIP and Re-ChIP assays revealed that symmetrical dimethylarginine-containing proteins complexed with the CXCL11 promoter were diminished in p65 Arg174Lys-reconstituted EC stimulated with TNF and IFN-γ. In total, these results indicate that PRMT5-mediated p65 methylation at Arg174 is essential for TNF plus IFN-γ-mediated CXCL11 gene induction. We therefore suggest that the use of recently developed small molecule inhibitors of PRMT5 may present a therapeutic approach to moderating chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Harris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Unnikrishnan M. Chandrasekharan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Smarajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul E. DiCorleto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Fox
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Research Institute, Ohio
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Eswarappa SM, Potdar AA, Koch WJ, Fan Y, Vasu K, Lindner D, Willard B, Graham LM, DiCorleto PE, Fox PL. Programmed translational readthrough generates antiangiogenic VEGF-Ax. Cell 2014; 157:1605-18. [PMID: 24949972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Translational readthrough, observed primarily in less complex organisms from viruses to Drosophila, expands the proteome by translating select transcripts beyond the canonical stop codon. Here, we show that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA in mammalian endothelial cells undergoes programmed translational readthrough (PTR) generating VEGF-Ax, an isoform containing a unique 22-amino-acid C terminus extension. A cis-acting element in the VEGFA 3' UTR serves a dual function, not only encoding the appended peptide but also directing the PTR by decoding the UGA stop codon as serine. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 binds this element and promotes readthrough. Remarkably, VEGF-Ax exhibits antiangiogenic activity in contrast to the proangiogenic activity of VEGF-A. Pathophysiological significance of VEGF-Ax is indicated by robust expression in multiple human tissues but depletion in colon adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, genome-wide analysis revealed AGO1 and MTCH2 as authentic readthrough targets. Overall, our studies reveal a novel protein-regulated PTR event in a vertebrate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepa M Eswarappa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Alka A Potdar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William J Koch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kommireddy Vasu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Daniel Lindner
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Protein Sequencing, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul E DiCorleto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Harris DP, Bandyopadhyay S, Maxwell TJ, Willard B, DiCorleto PE. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induction of CXCL10 in endothelial cells requires protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5)-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 methylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15328-39. [PMID: 24753255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.547349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL10/IP-10 facilitates recruitment of Th1-type leukocytes to inflammatory sites. In this study, we show that the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 is critical for CXCL10 transcription in TNF-α-activated human endothelial cells (EC). We found that depletion of PRMT5 results in significantly reduced levels of CXCL10 mRNA, demonstrating a positive role for PRMT5 in CXCL10 induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed the presence of the symmetrical dimethylarginine modification catalyzed by PRMT5 associated with the CXCL10 promoter in response to TNF-α. However, symmetrical dimethylarginine-modified proteins were not detected at the promoter in the absence of PRMT5, indicating that PRMT5 is essential for methylation to occur. Furthermore, NF-κB p65, a critical driver of TNF-α-mediated CXCL10 induction, was determined to be methylated at arginine residues. Crucially, RNAi-mediated PRMT5 depletion abrogated p65 methylation and CXCL10 promoter binding. Mass spectrometric analysis in EC identified five dimethylated arginine residues in p65, four of which are uncharacterized in the literature. Expression of Arg-to-Lys point mutants of p65 demonstrated that both Arg-30 and Arg-35 must be dimethylated to achieve full CXCL10 expression. In conclusion, we have identified previously uncharacterized p65 post-translational modifications critical for CXCL10 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Harris
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Smarajit Bandyopadhyay
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Tyler J Maxwell
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Belinda Willard
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
| | - Paul E DiCorleto
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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DiCorleto PE, VanHook AM. Science Signaling
Podcast: 16 July 2013. Sci Signal 2013. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory signaling by tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 requires that it be released from nonmuscle myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. DiCorleto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Annalisa M. VanHook
- Web Editor, Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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Chandrasekharan UM, Dechert L, Davidson UI, Waitkus M, Mavrakis L, Lyons K, Beach JR, Li X, Egelhoff TT, Fox PL, DiCorleto PE. Release of nonmuscle myosin II from the cytosolic domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 is required for target gene expression. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra60. [PMID: 23861542 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) elicits its biological activities through activation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1, also known as p55) and TNFR2 (also known as p75). The activities of both receptors are required for the TNF-α-induced proinflammatory response. The adaptor protein TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is critical for either p55- or p75-mediated activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, as well as for target gene expression. We identified nonmuscle myosin II (myosin) as a binding partner of p75. TNF-α-dependent signaling by p75 and induction of target gene expression persisted substantially longer in cells deficient in myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC; a component of myosin) than in cells replete in myosin. In resting endothelial cells, myosin was bound constitutively to the intracellular region of p75, a region that overlaps with the TRAF2-binding domain, and TNF-α caused the rapid dissociation of myosin from p75. At early time points after exposure to TNF-α, p75 activated Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1). Inhibition of ROCK1 activity blocked TNF-α-dependent phosphorylation of MRLC and the dissociation of myosin from p75. ROCK1-dependent release of myosin was necessary for the TNF-α-dependent recruitment of TRAF2 to p75 and for p75-specific activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Thus, our findings have revealed a previously uncharacterized, noncanonical regulatory function of myosin in cytokine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni M Chandrasekharan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Waitkus MS, Chandrasekharan UM, Willard B, Haque SJ, DiCorleto PE. STAT3-mediated coincidence detection regulates noncanonical immediate early gene induction. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11988-2003. [PMID: 23504318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.428516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways interact with one another to form dynamic networks in which the cellular response to one stimulus may depend on the presence, intensity, timing, or localization of other signals. In rare cases, two stimuli may be simultaneously required for cells to elicit a significant biological output. This phenomenon, generally termed "coincidence detection," requires a downstream signaling node that functions as a Boolean AND gate to restrict biological output from a network unless multiple stimuli are received within a specific window of time. Simultaneous activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and a thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1, PAR-1) increases the expression of multiple immediate early genes (IEGs) associated with growth and angiogenesis. Using a bioinformatic comparison of IEG promoter regions, we identified STAT3 as a critical transcription factor for the detection of coincident EGFR/PAR-1 activation. EGFR activation induces classical STAT3 Tyr(705) phosphorylation but also initiates an inhibitory signal through the PI3K-AKT signaling axis that prevents STAT3 Ser(727) phosphorylation. Coincident PAR-1 signaling resolves these conflicting EGF-activated pathways by blocking AKT activation and permitting GSK-3α/β-dependent STAT3 Ser(727) phosphorylation and STAT3-dependent gene expression. Functionally, combinatorial EGFR/PAR-1 signaling suppresses EGF-induced proliferation and thrombin-induced leukocyte adhesion and triggers a STAT3-dependent increase in endothelial cell migration. This study reveals a novel signaling role for STAT3 in which the simultaneous presence of extracellular EGF and thrombin is detected at the level of STAT3 post-translational modifications. Collectively, our results describe a novel regulatory mechanism in which combinatorial EGFR/PAR-1 signaling regulates STAT3-dependent IEG induction and endothelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Waitkus
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Bandyopadhyay S, Harris DP, Adams GN, Lause GE, McHugh A, Tillmaand EG, Money A, Willard B, Fox PL, DiCorleto PE. HOXA9 methylation by PRMT5 is essential for endothelial cell expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:1202-13. [PMID: 22269951 PMCID: PMC3302442 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05977-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of proinflammatory proteins in stimulated endothelial cells (EC) requires activation of multiple transcription programs. The homeobox transcription factor HOXA9 has an important regulatory role in cytokine induction of the EC-leukocyte adhesion molecules (ELAM) E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). However, the mechanism underlying stimulus-dependent activation of HOXA9 is completely unknown. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of HOXA9 activation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and show an unexpected requirement for arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). PRMT5 was identified as a TNF-α-dependent binding partner of HOXA9 by mass spectrometry. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of PRMT5 abrogated stimulus-dependent HOXA9 methylation with concomitant loss in E-selectin or VCAM-1 induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that PRMT5 is recruited to the E-selectin promoter following transient HOXA9 binding to its cognate recognition sequence. PRMT5 induces symmetric dimethylation of Arg140 on HOXA9, an event essential for E-selectin induction. In summary, PRMT5 is a critical coactivator component in a newly defined, HOXA9-containing transcription complex. Moreover, stimulus-dependent methylation of HOXA9 is essential for ELAM expression during the EC inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Daniel P. Harris
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory N. Adams
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Gregory E. Lause
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Anne McHugh
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Emily G. Tillmaand
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Angela Money
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Paul L. Fox
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
| | - Paul E. DiCorleto
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Kim TW, Febbraio M, Robinet P, Dugar B, Greene D, Cerny A, Latz E, Gilmour R, Staschke K, Chisolm G, Fox PL, DiCorleto PE, Smith JD, Li X. The critical role of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4-mediated NF-κB activation in modified low-density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory gene expression and atherosclerosis. J Immunol 2011; 186:2871-80. [PMID: 21278342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exciting discoveries related to IL-1R/TLR signaling in the development of atherosclerosis plaque have triggered intense interest in the molecular mechanisms by which innate immune signaling modulates the onset and development of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have clearly shown the definitive role of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have provided direct evidence supporting a link between innate immunity and atherogenesis. Although it is still controversial about whether infectious pathogens contribute to cardiovascular diseases, direct genetic evidence indicates the importance of IL-1R/TLR signaling in atherogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of IL-1R-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) kinase activity in modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-mediated signaling using bone marrow-derived macrophage as well as an in vivo model of atherosclerosis. First, we found that the IRAK4 kinase activity was required for modified LDL-induced NF-κB activation and expression of a subset of proinflammatory genes but not for the activation of MAPKs in bone marrow-derived macrophage. IRAK4 kinase-inactive knockin (IRAK4KI) mice were bred onto ApoE(-/-) mice to generate IRAK4KI/ApoE(-/-) mice. Importantly, the aortic sinus lesion formation was impaired in IRAK4KI/ApoE(-/-) mice compared with that in ApoE(-/-) mice. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine production was reduced in the aortic sinus region of IRAK4KI/ApoE(-/-) mice compared with that in ApoE(-/-) mice. Taken together, our results indicate that the IRAK4 kinase plays an important role in modified LDL-mediated signaling and the development of atherosclerosis, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of IRAK4 kinase activity might be a feasible approach in the development of antiatherosclerosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Whan Kim
- Department of Immunology, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Chandrasekharan UM, Waitkus M, Kinney CM, Walters-Stewart A, DiCorleto PE. Synergistic induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 by thrombin and epidermal growth factor requires vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:1983-9. [PMID: 20671228 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.212399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic response of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which is induced by thrombin and epidermal growth factor (EGF). METHODS AND RESULTS MKP-1 induction by thrombin (approximately 6-fold) was synergistically increased (approximately 18-fold) by cotreatment with EGF in cultured endothelial cells. EGF alone did not induce MKP-1 substantially (<2-fold). The synergistic induction of MKP-1 was not mediated by matrix metalloproteinases. The EGF receptor kinase inhibitor AG1478 blocked approximately 70% of MKP-1 induction by thrombin plus EGF (from 18- to 6-fold) but not the response to thrombin alone. An extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) signal was required for the thrombin alone effect; an ERK-independent PAR-1 signal was necessary for the approximately 12-fold MKP-1 induction by thrombin plus EGF. VEGF induction of MKP-1 was also approximately 12-fold and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) dependent. Inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and JNK activation blocked thrombin plus EGF-induced MKP-1 completely. Furthermore, VEGF receptor 2 depletion blocked the synergistic response without affecting the induction of MKP-1 by thrombin alone. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a novel signaling interaction between protease-activated receptor-1 and EGF receptor that is mediated by VEGF receptor 2 and results in synergistic MKP-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni M Chandrasekharan
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Shen J, Chandrasekharan UM, Ashraf MZ, Long E, Morton RE, Liu Y, Smith JD, DiCorleto PE. Lack of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 protects ApoE-null mice against atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2010; 106:902-10. [PMID: 20093631 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.198069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple protein kinases have been implicated in cardiovascular disease; however, little is known about the role of their counterparts: the protein phosphatases. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)-1 is actively involved in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice with homozygous deficiency in MKP-1 (MKP-1(-/-)) were bred with apolipoprotein (Apo)E-deficient mice (ApoE(-/-)) and the 3 MKP-1 genotypes (MKP-1(+/+)/ApoE(-/-) ; MKP-1(+/-)/ApoE(-/-) and MKP-1(-/-)/ApoE(-/-)) were maintained on a normal chow diet for 16 weeks. The 3 groups of mice exhibited similar body weight and serum lipid profiles; however, both MKP-1(+/-) and MKP-1(-/-) mice had significantly less aortic root atherosclerotic lesion formation than MKP-1(+/+) mice. Less en face lesion was observed in 8-month-old MKP-1(-/-) mice. The reduction in atherosclerosis was accompanied by decreased plasma levels of interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and preceded by increased antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. In addition, MKP-1-null mice had higher levels of plasma stromal cell-derived factor-1a, which negatively correlated with atherosclerotic lesion size. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MKP-1 expression was enriched in macrophage-rich areas versus smooth muscle cell regions of the atheroma. Furthermore, macrophages isolated from MKP-1-null mice showed dramatic defects in their spreading/migration and impairment in extracellular signal-regulated kinase, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38, pathway activation. In line with this, MKP-1-null atheroma exhibited less macrophage content. Finally, transplantation of MKP-1-intact bone marrow into MKP-1-null mice fully rescued the wild-type atherosclerotic phenotype. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that chronic deficiency of MKP-1 leads to decreased atherosclerosis via mechanisms involving impaired macrophage migration and defective extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Zhu W, Chandrasekharan UM, Bandyopadhyay S, Morris SM, DiCorleto PE, Kashyap VS. Thrombin induces endothelial arginase through AP-1 activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 298:C952-60. [PMID: 20032511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00466.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arterial thrombosis is a common disease leading to severe ischemia beyond the obstructing thrombus. Additionally, endothelial dysfunction at the site of thrombosis can be rescued by l-arginine supplementation or arginase blockade in several animal models. Exposure of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) to thrombin upregulates arginase I mRNA and protein levels. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of thrombin-induced arginase changes in endothelial cells. Thrombin strikingly increased arginase I promoter and enzyme activity in primary cultured RAECs. Using different deletion and point mutations of the promoter, we demonstrated that the activating protein-1 (AP-1) consensus site located at -3,157 bp in the arginase I promoter was a thrombin-responsive element. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further confirmed that upon thrombin stimulation, c-Jun and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) bound to the AP-1 site, which initiated the transactivation. Moreover, loss-of-function studies using small interfering RNA confirmed that recruitment of these two transcription factors to the AP-1 site was required for thrombin-induced arginase upregulation. In the course of defining the signaling pathway leading to the activation of AP-1 by thrombin, we found thrombin-induced phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK or JNK1/2/3) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which were followed by the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and ATF-2. These findings reveal the basis for thrombin induction of endothelial arginase I and indicate that arginase inhibition may be an attractive therapeutic alternative in the setting of arterial thrombosis and its associated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifei Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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14
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Bandyopadhyay S, Harris DP, Lause G, Money A, DiCorleto PE. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) contributes positively to the induction of the E‐selectin gene in endothelial cells (EC) by binding to HOXA9. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.637.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P. Harris
- Dept. of Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
| | - Gregory Lause
- Dept. of Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
| | - Angela Money
- Dept. of Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
| | - Paul E. DiCorleto
- Dept. of Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
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15
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Kinney CM, Chandrasekharan UM, Yang L, Shen J, Kinter M, McDermott MS, DiCorleto PE. Histone H3 as a novel substrate for MAP kinase phosphatase-1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 296:C242-9. [PMID: 19020052 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00492.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a nuclear, dual-specificity phosphatase that has been shown to dephosphorylate MAP kinases. We used a "substrate-trap" technique involving a mutation in MKP-1 of the catalytically critical cysteine to a serine residue ("CS" mutant) to capture novel MKP-1 substrates. We transfected the MKP-1 (CS) mutant and control (wild-type, WT) constructs into phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated COS-1 cells. MKP-1-substrate complexes were immunoprecipitated, which yielded four bands of 17, 15, 14, and 10 kDa with the CS MKP-1 mutant but not the WT MKP-1. The bands were identified by mass spectrometry as histones H3, H2B, H2A, and H4, respectively. Histone H3 was phosphorylated, and purified MKP-1 dephosphorylated histone H3 (phospho-Ser-10) in vitro; whereas, histone H3 (phospho-Thr-3) was unaffected. We have previously shown that thrombin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upregulated MKP-1 in human endothelial cells (EC). We now show that both thrombin and VEGF caused dephosphorylation of histone H3 (phospho-Ser-10) and histone H3 (phospho-Thr-3) in EC with kinetics consistent with MKP-1 induction. Furthermore, MKP-1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented VEGF- and thrombin-induced H3 (phospho-Ser-10) dephosphorylation but had no effect on H3 (phospho-Thr-3 or Thr-11) dephosphorylation. In summary, histone H3 is a novel substrate of MKP-1, and VEGF- and thrombin-induced H3 (phospho-Ser-10) dephosphorylation requires MKP-1. We propose that MKP-1-mediated H3 (phospho-Ser-10) dephosphorylation is a key regulatory step in EC activation by VEGF and thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corttrell M Kinney
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland Clinic, NB-21, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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16
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17
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Bandyopadhyay S, Adams G, McHugh A, Money A, DiCorleto PE. The protein arginine methyl transferase PRMT5 binds to HOXA9 and participates in cytokine induction of E‐selectin in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.471.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Adams
- Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
| | - Anne McHugh
- Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
| | - Angela Money
- Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
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18
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Shen J, Chandrasekharan UM, Liu Y, Smith JD, DiCorleto PE. MAP Kinase Phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) Deficiency Leads to Reduced Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in ApoE‐null Mice. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.174.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shen
- Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
| | | | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal ResearchNationwide Children's Hospital Research InstituteColumbusOH
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
| | - Paul E DiCorleto
- Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH
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19
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Abstract
Extensive research on the role of ADP in platelet activation led to the design of new anti-thrombotic drugs, such as clopidogrel (Plavix; sanofi-aventis); however, very little is known about the ADP-preferring nucleotide receptors (P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13) in endothelium. Here, we show that ADP stimulates migration of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in both Boyden chamber and in vitro wound repair assays. This promigratory effect was mimicked by 2-MeSADP, but not by AMP, and was inhibited by MRS2179 (P2Y1 receptor antagonist) but not by AR-C69931MX (P2Y12/13 receptor antagonist). RT-PCR revealed abundant P2Y1, barely detectable P2Y12, and absent P2Y13 receptor message in these cells. In addition, both ADP and 2-MeSADP, but not AMP, activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase. ADP also stimulated phosphorylation of p90RSK, a downstream substrate of phosphorylated ERK1/2, and induced phosphorylation of such transcription factors downstream of the JNK and p38 pathways as c-Jun and activating transcription factor-2. These signaling events were inhibited by MRS2179 but not by AR-C69931MX. Furthermore, blockade of the ERK or JNK pathways by U0126 and SP600125, respectively, abolished ADP- and 2-MeSADP-stimulated HUVEC migration. However, inhibition of the p38 pathway by SB203580 partially suppressed ADP- and 2-MeSADP-induced HUVEC migration. We conclude that ADP promotes human endothelial cell migration by activating P2Y1 receptor-mediated MAPK pathways, possibly contributing to reendothelialization and angiogenesis after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Kinney CM, Chandrasekharan UM, Mavrakis L, DiCorleto PE. VEGF and thrombin induce MKP-1 through distinct signaling pathways: role for MKP-1 in endothelial cell migration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 294:C241-50. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1/CL100) is a thrombin-responsive gene in endothelial cells (ECs). We now show that VEGF is another efficacious activator of MKP-1 expression in human umbilical vein ECs. VEGF-A and VEGF-E maximally induced MKP-1 expression in ECs; however, the other VEGF subtypes had no effect. Using specific neutralizing antibodies, we determined that VEGF induced MKP-1 specifically through VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), leading to the downstream activation of JNK. The VEGF-A165isoform stimulated MKP-1 expression, whereas the VEGF-A162isoform induced the gene to a lesser extent, and the VEGF-A121isoform had no effect. Furthermore, specific blocking antibodies against neuropilins, VEGFR-2 coreceptors, blocked MKP-1 induction. A Src kinase inhibitor (PP1) completely blocked both VEGF- and thrombin-induced MKP-1 expression. A dominant negative approach revealed that Src kinase was required for VEGF-induced MKP-1 expression, whereas Fyn kinase was critical for thrombin-induced MKP-1 expression. Moreover, VEGF-induced MKP-1 expression required JNK, whereas ERK was critical for thrombin-induced MKP-1 expression. In ECs treated with short interfering (si)RNA targeting MKP-1, JNK, ERK, and p38 phosphorylation were prolonged following VEGF stimulation. An ex vivo aortic angiogenesis assay revealed a reduction in VEGF- and thrombin-induced sprout outgrowth in segments from MKP-1-null mice versus wild-type controls. MKP-1 siRNA also significantly reduced VEGF-induced EC migration using a transwell assay system. Overall, these results demonstrate distinct MAPK signaling pathways for thrombin versus VEGF induction of MKP-1 in ECs and point to the importance of MKP-1 induction in VEGF-stimulated EC migration.
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21
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Burdelya LG, Komarova EA, Hill JE, Browder T, Tararova ND, Mavrakis L, DiCorleto PE, Folkman J, Gudkov AV. Inhibition of p53 response in tumor stroma improves efficacy of anticancer treatment by increasing antiangiogenic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in mice. Cancer Res 2007; 66:9356-61. [PMID: 17018587 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of p53 function, which frequently occurs in tumors, can significantly modulate tumor cell sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. However, in addition to acting on malignant cells, anticancer agents act on the cells of tumor stroma, causing activation of a p53 response. The effect of this response on treatment outcome has been the subject of the present study. Tumors with p53-deficient stroma were generated using mouse tumorigenic packaging cells that produce a p53 inhibitory retrovirus, encoding a dominant-negative p53 mutant. Tumors maintaining wild-type p53 in their stroma were formed by cells of similar origin but deficient in retroviral production due to the deletion of the packaging signal in the retroviral vector. Comparison of these tumor models, differing only in p53 status of their stromas, showed that tumors with p53-deficient stroma were significantly more sensitive to experimental chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A similar effect was achieved when anticancer treatment was combined with pharmacologic suppression of p53 by the cyclic form of pifithrin alpha, a small-molecule inhibitor of p53. Potentiation of the anticancer effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by p53 suppression in the tumor stroma is likely to be due to the increased sensitivity of p53-deficient endothelium to genotoxic stress as shown both in cell culture and in experimental tumors. Thus, reversible pharmacologic suppression of p53 may be a viable approach to improving anticancer treatment via an enhanced antiangiogenic effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use
- Benzothiazoles/pharmacology
- Benzothiazoles/therapeutic use
- Benzothiazoles/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/therapy
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Endothelial Cells/radiation effects
- Fibroblasts
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Imidazoles/toxicity
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Protein Conformation
- Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology
- Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/therapeutic use
- Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/toxicity
- Rats
- Stromal Cells/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/radiation effects
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazoles/therapeutic use
- Thiazoles/toxicity
- Toluene/analogs & derivatives
- Toluene/pharmacology
- Toluene/therapeutic use
- Toluene/toxicity
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/chemistry
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila G Burdelya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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22
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Bandyopadhyay S, Ashraf MZ, Daher P, Howe PH, DiCorleto PE. HOXA9 participates in the transcriptional activation of E-selectin in endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:4207-16. [PMID: 17452460 PMCID: PMC1900059 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00052-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox gene HOXA9 has recently been shown to be an important regulator of endothelial cell (EC) differentiation and activation in addition to its role in embryonic development and hematopoiesis. In this report, we have determined that the EC-leukocyte adhesion molecule E-selectin is a key target for HOXA9. The depletion of HOXA9 protein in ECs resulted in a significant and specific decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced E-selectin gene expression. In addition, HOXA9 specifically activated the E-selectin gene promoter in ECs. Progressive deletional analyses together with site-specific mutagenesis of the E-selectin promoter indicated that the Abd-B-like HOX DNA-binding motif, CAATTTTATTAA, located in the proximal region spanning bp -210 to -221 upstream of the transcription start site was crucial for the promoter induction by HOXA9. Both HOXA9 in EC nuclear extract and recombinant HOXA9 protein bound to this sequence in vitro. Moreover, we showed that HOXA9 binds temporally, in a TNF-alpha-dependent manner, to the region containing this Abd-B-like element in vivo. We have thus identified a novel and functionally critical cis-regulatory element for TNF-alpha-mediated transient expression of the E-selectin gene. Further, we provide evidence that HOXA9 acts as an obligate proinflammatory factor by mediating cytokine induction of E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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23
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24
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Shen J, DiCorleto PE. ADP Stimulates Human Endothelial Cell Migration via P2Y1 Receptor‐mediated MAPK Pathways. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a1162-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shen
- Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute9600 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH44195
| | - Paul E. DiCorleto
- Cell BiologyCleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute9600 Euclid Ave.ClevelandOH44195
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25
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Parsons-Wingerter P, Chandrasekharan UM, McKay TL, Radhakrishnan K, DiCorleto PE, Albarran B, Farr AG. A VEGF165-induced phenotypic switch from increased vessel density to increased vessel diameter and increased endothelial NOS activity. Microvasc Res 2006; 72:91-100. [PMID: 16872639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF(165)) regulates numerous angiogenic cellular activities, its complex effects on vascular morphology are not highly quantified. By fractal-based, multiparametric branching analysis of 2D vascular pattern in the quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), we report that vessel density increased maximally at lower VEGF concentrations, but that vessel diameter and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) increased maximally at higher VEGF concentrations. Following exogenous application of human VEGF(165) to the CAM at embryonic day 7, vessel density and diameter were measured after 24 h at arterial end points by the fractal dimension (D(f)) and generational branching parameters for vessel area density (A(v)), vessel length density (L(v)) and vessel diameter (D(v)) using the computer code VESGEN. The VEGF-dependent phenotypic switch from normal vessels displaying increased vessel density to abnormal, dilated vessels typical of tumor vasculature and other pathologies resulted from an approximate threefold increase in VEGF concentration (1.25 to 5 microg/CAM) and correlated positively with increased eNOS activity. Relative to control specimens, eNOS activity increased maximally to 60% following VEGF treatment at 5 microg/CAM, compared to 10% at 1.25 microg/CAM, and was accompanied by no significant change in activity of inducible NOS. In summary, VEGF(165) induced a phenotypic switch from increased vessel density associated with low VEGF concentration, to increased vessel diameter and increased eNOS activity at high VEGF concentration.
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26
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Chandrasekharan UM, Siemionow M, Unsal M, Yang L, Poptic E, Bohn J, Ozer K, Zhou Z, Howe PH, Penn M, DiCorleto PE. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor-II is required for TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte-endothelial interaction in vivo. Blood 2006; 109:1938-44. [PMID: 17068152 PMCID: PMC1801063 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-020875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) binds to 2 distinct cell-surface receptors: TNF-alpha receptor-I (TNFR-I: p55) and TNF-alpha receptor-II (TNFR-II: p75). TNF-alpha induces leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (ECs), which mediate 3 defined steps of the inflammatory response; namely, leukocyte rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration. In this study, we have investigated the role of p75 in TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte adhesion molecules using cultured ECs derived from wild-type (WT), p75-null (p75-/-), or p55-null (p55-/-) mice. We observed that p75 was essential for TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. We also investigated the putative role of p75 in inflammation in vivo using an intravital microscopic approach with a mouse cremaster muscle model. TNF-alpha-stimulated leukocyte rolling, firm adhesion to ECs, and transmigration were dramatically reduced in p75-/- mice. Transplanted WT cremaster in p75-/- mice showed a robust leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion upon TNF-alpha activation, suggesting that the impairment in EC-leukocyte interaction in p75-/- mice is due to EC dysfunction. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that endothelial p75 is essential for TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte-endothelial-cell interaction. Our findings may contribute to the identification of novel p75-targeted therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni M Chandrasekharan
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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27
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Cabrera G, Porvasnik SL, DiCorleto PE, Siemionow M, Goldman CK. Intra-arterial adenoviral mediated tumor transfection in a novel model of cancer gene therapy. Mol Cancer 2006; 5:32. [PMID: 16899125 PMCID: PMC1560393 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize a novel in vivo cancer gene therapy model in which intra-arterial adenoviral gene delivery can be characterized. In this model, the rat cremaster muscle serves as the site for tumor growth and provides convenient and isolated access to the tumor parenchyma with discrete control of arterial and venous access for delivery of agents. Results Utilizing adenovirus encoding the green fluorescent protein we demonstrated broad tumor transfection. We also observed a dose dependant increment in luciferase activity at the tumor site using an adenovirus encoding the luciferase reporter gene. Finally, we tested the intra-arterial adenovirus dwelling time required to achieve optimal tumor transfection and observed a minimum time of 30 minutes. Conclusion We conclude that adenovirus mediated tumor transfection grown in the cremaster muscle of athymic nude rats via an intra-arterial route could be achieved. This model allows definition of the variables that affect intra-arterial tumor transfection. This particular study suggests that allowing a defined intra-tumor dwelling time by controlling the blood flow of the affected organ during vector infusion can optimize intra-arterial adenoviral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cabrera
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stacy L Porvasnik
- Powel Gene Therapy Center, The University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Paul E DiCorleto
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA
| | - Maria Siemionow
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA
| | - Corey K Goldman
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, USA
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28
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Shen J, DiCorleto PE, Sturek M. Cloning and Characterization of the Porcine P2Y6 Receptor: Evidence for Gi Protein‐mediated Signaling in Coronary Smooth Muscle. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Shen
- Med Pharmacology & PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriOne Hospital DrColumbiaMO65201
- Cell BiologyLerner Research Institute9500 Euclid AveClevelandOH44195
| | - Paul E. DiCorleto
- Cell BiologyLerner Research Institute9500 Euclid AveClevelandOH44195
| | - Michael Sturek
- Med Pharmacology & PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriOne Hospital DrColumbiaMO65201
- Cellular & Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University635 Barnhill DrIndianapolisIN46202
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29
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Narizhneva NV, Razorenova OV, Podrez EA, Chen J, Chandrasekharan UM, DiCorleto PE, Plow EF, Topol EJ, Byzova TV. Thrombospondin-1 up-regulates expression of cell adhesion molecules and promotes monocyte binding to endothelium. FASEB J 2005; 19:1158-60. [PMID: 15833768 PMCID: PMC1569946 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-3310fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) responsible for leukocyte-endothelium interactions plays a crucial role in inflammation and atherogenesis. Up-regulation of vascular CAM-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular CAM-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin expression promotes monocyte recruitment to sites of injury and is considered to be a critical step in atherosclerotic plaque development. Factors that trigger this initial response are not well understood. As platelet activation not only promotes thrombosis but also early stages of atherogenesis, we considered the role of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a matricellular protein released in abundance from activated platelets and accumulated in sites of vascular injury, as a regulator of CAM expression. TSP-1 induced expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on endothelium of various origins, which in turn, resulted in a significant increase of monocyte attachment. This effect could be mimicked by a peptide derived from the C-terminal domain of TSP-1 and known to interact with CD47 on the cell surface. The essential role of CD47 in the cellular responses to TSP-1 was demonstrated further using inhibitory antibodies and knockdown of CD47 with small interfering RNA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that secretion of endogenous TSP-1 and its interaction with CD47 on the cell surface mediates endothelial response to the major proinflammatory agent, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Taken together, this study identifies a novel mechanism regulating CAM expression and subsequent monocyte binding to endothelium, which might influence the development of anti-atherosclerosis therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V Narizhneva
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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30
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Chandrasekharan UM, Yang L, Walters A, Howe P, DiCorleto PE. Role of CL-100, a dual specificity phosphatase, in thrombin-induced endothelial cell activation. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:46678-85. [PMID: 15339908 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406441200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a cDNA microarray screening approach, we have identified seven novel thrombin-responsive genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells that were verifiable by Northern blot analysis. Among them CL-100, a dual-specificity phosphatase also known as MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), showed greatest induction by thrombin. Steady-state levels of CL-100 mRNA induction by thrombin peaked at 1 h and declined rapidly (t1/2 approximately 45 min). Induction by thrombin was protease-activated receptor-1-mediated, protein synthesis-independent, and transcriptionally regulated. Metabolic labeling followed by immunoprecipitation verified that the thrombin-induced CL-100 mRNA was translated into protein. We found that both Src-kinase and p42/p44 ERK activity are critical for thrombin-induced CL-100 expression, whereas phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C activity were not required. Antisense-mediated inhibition of CL-100 was shown to prolong thrombin-induced ERK activity in endothelial cells, concomitant with an inhibition in thrombin-induced PDGF-A (platelet-derived growth factor A) and PDGF-B gene expression and an up-regulation in thrombin-induced VCAM-1 and E-selectin gene expression. Inhibition of ERK activation by PD98059 in endothelial cells was shown to potentiate thrombin-induced expression of PDGF-B (approximately 3-fold) while inhibiting thrombin-induced VCAM-1 and E-selectin gene expression by 60 and 70%, respectively. These results suggested that induced expression of the CL-100 phosphatase and its subsequent regulation of ERK activity play a key regulatory role in the thrombin signaling pathway and in the transcriptional regulation of pathologically important "endothelial cell activation genes."
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Cycle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/biosynthesis
- Immunoprecipitation
- Kinetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/biosynthesis
- Protein Phosphatase 1
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, PAR-1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thrombin/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Umbilical Veins/metabolism
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni M Chandrasekharan
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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31
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Askari A, Unzek S, Goldman CK, Ellis SG, Thomas JD, DiCorleto PE, Topol EJ, Penn MS. Cellular, but not direct, adenoviral delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor results in improved left ventricular function and neovascularization in dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:1908-14. [PMID: 15145120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2003] [Revised: 11/07/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to compare the effects on angiogenesis and left ventricular (LV) function of adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (AdVEGF-165) gene delivery by direct injection of AdVEGF-165 to the transplantation of skeletal myoblasts (SKMB) transfected with AdVEGF-165 in a rat model of ischemic cardiomyopathy. BACKGROUND Angiogenesis offers the potential for treating ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, the optimal method of delivering angiogenic factors for neovascularization remains undetermined. With the increased clinical interest in cell therapy for the treatment of LV dysfunction, SKMB transplantation may serve as a means of gene transfer. METHODS Two months after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, rats received either injection of an adenoviral construct encoding VEGF-165, or 1 million SKMB transfected with AdLuciferase (AdLuc) or AdVEGF-165. Cardiac function was assessed echocardiographically, and neovascularization was assessed histologically four weeks after therapy. RESULTS Neovascularization was significantly increased by both AdVEGF delivery strategies (100 +/- 7% and 185 +/- 33% increase in vascular density compared with SKMB alone, respectively). However, cell-based delivery, but not direct injection of AdVEGF-165, resulted in increased cardiac function (73.5 +/- 12.6% and 1.5 +/- 8.8% increase in shortening fraction compared with saline control; AdLuc-transfected SKMB: 29.4 +/- 15.0%). The improved function was not due to increased engraftment of VEGF expressing SKMB. Rather, improved function correlated with less apoptosis in the border zone in those animals that received AdVEGF-165 expressing SKMB. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that cell-based delivery of VEGF leads to an improved treatment effect over direct adenoviral injection, and suggest that already developed adenoviral vectors that encode secreted factors could potentially offer greater efficacy in combination with SKMB transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Askari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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32
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Tian XL, Kadaba R, You SA, Liu M, Timur AA, Yang L, Chen Q, Szafranski P, Rao S, Wu L, Housman DE, DiCorleto PE, Driscoll DJ, Borrow J, Wang Q. Identification of an angiogenic factor that when mutated causes susceptibility to Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome. Nature 2004; 427:640-5. [PMID: 14961121 PMCID: PMC1618873 DOI: 10.1038/nature02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenic factors are critical to the initiation of angiogenesis and maintenance of the vascular network. Here we use human genetics as an approach to identify an angiogenic factor, VG5Q, and further define two genetic defects of VG5Q in patients with the vascular disease Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS). One mutation is chromosomal translocation t(5;11), which increases VG5Q transcription. The second is mutation E133K identified in five KTS patients, but not in 200 matched controls. VG5Q protein acts as a potent angiogenic factor in promoting angiogenesis, and suppression of VG5Q expression inhibits vessel formation. E133K is a functional mutation that substantially enhances the angiogenic effect of VG5Q. VG5Q shows strong expression in blood vessels and is secreted as vessel formation is initiated. VG5Q can bind to endothelial cells and promote cell proliferation, suggesting that it may act in an autocrine fashion. We also demonstrate a direct interaction of VG5Q with another secreted angiogenic factor, TWEAK (also known as TNFSF12). These results define VG5Q as an angiogenic factor, establish VG5Q as a susceptibility gene for KTS, and show that increased angiogenesis is a molecular pathogenic mechanism of KTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Tian
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Rajkumar Kadaba
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Sun-Ah You
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Mugen Liu
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ayse Anil Timur
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | - Qiuyun Chen
- Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | - Shaoqi Rao
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - David E. Housman
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - David J. Driscoll
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Julian Borrow
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Q.W. (). The GenBank accession numbers are AY500994 for human VG5Q (hVG5Q) mRNA and amino acid sequences; AY500995 for mouse VG5Q (mVG5Q) mRNA and amino acid sequences; and AY500996 for human VG5Q genomic DNA sequence
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33
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Mazumder B, Sampath P, Seshadri V, Maitra RK, DiCorleto PE, Fox PL. Regulated release of L13a from the 60S ribosomal subunit as a mechanism of transcript-specific translational control. Cell 2003; 115:187-98. [PMID: 14567916 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcript-specific translational control is generally directed by binding of trans-acting proteins to structural elements in the untranslated region (UTR) of the target mRNA. Here, we elucidate a translational silencing mechanism involving regulated release of an integral ribosomal protein and subsequent binding to its target mRNA. Human ribosomal protein L13a was identified as a candidate interferon-Gamma-Activated Inhibitor of Translation (GAIT) of ceruloplasmin (Cp) mRNA by a genetic screen for Cp 3'-UTR binding proteins. In vitro activity of L13a was shown by inhibition of target mRNA translation by recombinant protein. In response to interferon-gamma in vivo, the entire cellular pool of L13a was phosphorylated and released from the 60S ribosomal subunit. Released L13a specifically bound the 3'-UTR GAIT element of Cp mRNA and silenced translation. We propose a model in which the ribosome functions not only as a protein synthesis machine, but also as a depot for regulatory proteins that modulate translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsanjit Mazumder
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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34
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Askari AT, Unzek S, Popovic ZB, Goldman CK, Forudi F, Kiedrowski M, Rovner A, Ellis SG, Thomas JD, DiCorleto PE, Topol EJ, Penn MS. Effect of stromal-cell-derived factor 1 on stem-cell homing and tissue regeneration in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Lancet 2003; 362:697-703. [PMID: 12957092 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 923] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial regeneration via stem-cell mobilisation at the time of myocardial infarction is known to occur, although the mechanism for stem-cell homing to infarcted tissue subsequently and whether this approach can be used for treatment of ischaemic cardiomyopathy are unknown. We investigated these issues in a Lewis rat model (ligation of the left anterior descending artery) of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS We studied the effects of stem-cell mobilisation by use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) with or without transplantation of syngeneic cells. Shortening fraction and myocardial strain by tissue doppler imaging were quantified by echocardiography. FINDINGS Stem-cell mobilisation with filgrastim alone did not lead to engraftment of bone-marrow-derived cells. Stromal-cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), required for stem-cell homing to bone marrow, was upregulated immediately after myocardial infarction and downregulated within 7 days. 8 weeks after myocardial infarction, transplantation into the peri-infarct zone of syngeneic cardiac fibroblasts stably transfected to express SDF-1 induced homing of CD117-positive stem cells to injured myocardium after filgrastim administration (control vs SDF-1-expressing cardiac fibroblasts mean 7.2 [SD 3.4] vs 33.2 [6.0] cells/mm2, n=4 per group, p<0.02) resulting in greater left-ventricular mass (1.24 [0.29] vs 1.57 [0.27] g) and better cardiac function (shortening fraction 9.2 [4.9] vs 17.2 [4.2]%, n=8 per group, p<0.05). INTERPRETATION These findings show that SDF-1 is sufficient to induce therapeutic stem-cell homing to injured myocardium and suggest a strategy for directed stem-cell engraftment into injured tissues. Our findings also indicate that therapeutic strategies focused on stem-cell mobilisation for regeneration of myocardial tissue must be initiated within days of myocardial infarction unless signalling for stem-cell homing is re-established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman T Askari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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35
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Byzova TV, Goldman CK, Jankau J, Chen J, Cabrera G, Achen MG, Stacker SA, Carnevale KA, Siemionow M, Deitcher SR, DiCorleto PE. Adenovirus encoding vascular endothelial growth factor-D induces tissue-specific vascular patterns in vivo. Blood 2002; 99:4434-42. [PMID: 12036873 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.12.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of an adenovirus encoding the mature form of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D, VEGF-D Delta N Delta C, to induce angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, or both was analyzed in 2 distinct in vivo models. We first demonstrated in vitro that VEGF-D Delta N Delta C encoded by the adenovirus (Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C) is capable of inducing endothelial cell proliferation and migration and that the latter response is primarily mediated by VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Second, we characterized a new in vivo model for assessing experimental angiogenesis, the rat cremaster muscle, which permits live videomicroscopy and quantitation of functional blood vessels. In this model, a proangiogenic effect of Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C was evident as early as 5 days after injection. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cremaster muscle demonstrated that neovascularization induced by Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C and by Ad-VEGF-A(165) (an adenovirus encoding the 165 isoform of VEGF-A) was composed primarily of laminin and VEGFR-2-positive vessels containing red blood cells, thus indicating a predominantly angiogenic response. In a skin model, Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as indicated by staining with laminin, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3, whereas Ad-VEGF-A(165) stimulated the selective growth of blood vessels. These data suggest that the biologic effects of VEGF-D are tissue-specific and dependent on the abundance of blood vessels and lymphatics expressing the receptors for VEGF-D in a given tissue. The capacity of Ad-VEGF-D Delta N Delta C to induce endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis demonstrates that its potential usefulness for the treatment of coronary artery disease, cerebral ischemia, peripheral vascular disease, restenosis, and tissue edema should be tested in preclinical models.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Immunohistochemistry
- Laminin/analysis
- Male
- Microscopy, Video
- Models, Animal
- Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply
- Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis
- Receptors, Growth Factor/analysis
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Skin/blood supply
- Skin/chemistry
- Skin/drug effects
- Transduction, Genetic
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
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Liu LP, Xia YF, Yang L, DiDonato JA, DiCorleto PE, Zhong CP, Geng JG. B lymphocytes and plasma cells express functional E-selectin by constitutive activation of NF-kappaB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 286:281-91. [PMID: 11500034 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
E-selectin (CD62E), a cell adhesion molecule for most leukocytes, is known to be expressed exclusively on the cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells mainly by inductive activation of NF-kappaB. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we showed that B lymphocytes and plasma cells in the spleens and lymph nodes from nude mice (T-lymphocyte-deficient), but not from SCID mice (T- and B-lymphocyte-deficient), expressed E-selectin prior to cytokine stimulation. The expression of E-selectin was also confirmed on human B lymphocytes isolated from peripheral bloods. The mouse J774A.1 monocytes could adhere to the marginal zones of mouse spleens in an E-selectin Ab inhibitable manner, suggesting the functional activity of the expressed E-selectin. In addition, ARH-77 cells, a cell line derived from human plasma cells, were found to express E-selectin mRNA and protein and to have a NF-kappaB activity for an E-selectin promoter. NF-kappaB antagonists, such as TPCK (tosylsulfonyl phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone), dexamethasone and a IkappaBalpha mutant plasmid could inhibit both the NF-kappaB activity and the expression of E-selectin. Transfection with an E-selectin promoter-driven reporter gene construct further verified the E-selectin promoter activity in ARH-77 cells. Again, TPCK, dexamethasone, and the IkappaBalpha mutant plasmid could neutralize this activity. These findings suggest that B lymphocytes and plasma cells can express E-selectin, which is functional for monocytic leukocytes, by a mechanism of constitutive activation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Abstract
Lithium affects development of various organisms and cell fate through the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and induction of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of lithium on primary bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Lithium treatment of BAEC induced beta-catenin stabilization but failed to activate the transcriptional activity of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor complex. Lithium caused a sustained G(2)/M cell cycle arrest without affecting cell viability. Reversibility of this cell cycle arrest occurred up to 3 days after treatment but was reduced thereafter. Lithium-treated BAEC exhibited a senescent-like morphology with an increase in cells positive for the senescence-associated-beta-galactosidase activity. Lithium also increased the expression of p21(Cip), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, both at the protein and RNA levels. No change in p21(Cip) mRNA stability was observed, whereas the transcriptional activity of a p21(Cip) promoter-luciferase construct containing p53 binding sites was increased after lithium treatment. Furthermore, lithium caused increased transcription of a reporter gene under the control of a promoter containing the p53 consensus binding sites both in transiently transfected BAEC and in a stably transfected fibroblast cell line. Lithium caused accumulation of p53 protein in BAEC without affecting p53 mRNA levels. Finally, up-regulation of p21(Cip) in response to lithium did not occur in mouse embryonic fibroblasts that were null for p53 alleles, confirming the dependence on a p53 pathway for this lithium effect. These findings demonstrate for the first time that lithium induces also stabilization of the tumor suppressor p53 and reveal a new mechanism that may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Mao
- Department of Cell Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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38
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Stenina OI, Shaneyfelt KM, DiCorleto PE. Thrombin induces the release of the Y-box protein dbpB from mRNA: a mechanism of transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:7277-82. [PMID: 11390977 PMCID: PMC34659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.121592298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that thrombin induces expression of the platelet-derived growth factor B-chain gene in endothelial cells (EC) through activation of the Y-box binding protein DNA-binding protein B (dbpB). We now present evidence that dbpB is activated by a novel mechanism: proteolytic cleavage leading to release from mRNA, nuclear translocation, and induction of thrombin-responsive genes. Cytosolic, full-length dbpB (50 kDa) was rapidly cleaved to a 30-kDa species upon thrombin stimulation of EC. This truncated, "active" dbpB exhibited nuclear localization and binding affinity for the thrombin response element sequence, which is distinct from the Y-box sequence. Oligo(dT) affinity chromatography revealed that cytosolic dbpB from control EC, but not active dbpB from thrombin-treated EC, was bound to mRNA. Latent dbpB immunoprecipitated from cytosolic extracts of control EC was activated by ribonuclease treatment. Furthermore, when EC cytosolic extracts were subjected to Nycodenz gradient centrifugation, latent dbpB fractionated with mRNA, whereas active dbpB fractionated with free proteins. The cytosolic retention domain of dbpB, which we localized to the region 247-267, was proteolytically cleaved during its activation. In contrast to full-length dbpB, truncated dbpB stimulated platelet-derived growth factor B-chain and tissue factor promoter activity by over 5-fold when transiently cotransfected with reporter constructs. These results suggest a novel mode of transcription factor activation in which an agonist causes release from mRNA of a latent transcription factor leading to its transport to the nucleus and its regulation of target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Stenina
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or reactivation from latency in vascular cells have been shown to contribute to atherosclerosis. CMV-infected endothelial cells (ECs) exhibit enhanced adhesion and procoagulant properties, changes compatible with processes observed in atherogenesis. The major immediate early promoter drives immediate early gene transcription. Immediate early (IE) gene products, IE72 and IE84, function as transcription factors and thereby influence expression of cellular genes, in permissive cells as well as in abortive infections, in which viral activity is limited to immediate early expression. ECs have been shown to harbor latent CMV, support abortive CMV infection and, under certain conditions, are permissive to productive viral infection. The objective of this study was to determine whether immediate early expression alone (in the absence of further progression of the virus life-cycle) results in the activation of EC genes associated with atherogenesis. METHODS The study was conducted in an in vitro transient transfection system in human and bovine vascular ECs, with CMV immediate early gene expression vectors and plasmids containing promoter sequences of adhesion molecule, growth factor and viral promoters driving the transcription of reporter genes. RESULTS CMV immediate early gene expression resulted in an increase in monocyte adhesion to ECs and in the relative promoter activities of cellular growth factor and adhesion molecule genes. In addition, the viral major immediate early promoter was regulated in EC by thrombin and the immediate early gene products. CONCLUSION These results infer the possible existence of a positive feedback mechanism in the developing atherosclerotic lesion, in which enhanced immediate early gene expression leads to subsequent activation of EC genes, which might in turn result in further activation of CMV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guetta
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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40
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Penn MS, Cui MZ, Winokur AL, Bethea J, Hamilton TA, DiCorleto PE, Chisolm GM. Smooth muscle cell surface tissue factor pathway activation by oxidized low-density lipoprotein requires cellular lipid peroxidation. Blood 2000; 96:3056-63. [PMID: 11049984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor, which is expressed in vascular lesions, increases thrombin production, blood coagulation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. We demonstrate that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) induces surface tissue factor pathway activity (ie, activity of the tissue factor:factor VIIa complex) on human and rat smooth muscle cells. Tissue factor messenger RNA (mRNA) was induced by oxidized LDL or native LDL; however, native LDL did not markedly increase tissue factor activity. We hypothesized that oxidized LDL mediated the activation of the tissue factor pathway via an oxidant-dependent mechanism, because antioxidants blocked the enhanced tissue factor pathway activity by oxidized LDL, but not the increased mRNA or protein induction. We separated total lipid extracts of oxidized LDL using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This yielded 2 major peaks that induced tissue factor activity. Of the known oxysterols contained in the first peak, 7alpha- or 7beta-hydroxy or 7-ketocholesterol had no effect on tissue factor pathway activity; however, 7beta-hydroperoxycholesterol increased tissue factor pathway activity without induction of tissue factor mRNA. Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide also increased tissue factor pathway activity, suggesting that lipid hydroperoxides, some of which exist in atherosclerotic lesions, activate the tissue factor pathway. We speculate that thrombin production could be elevated via a mechanism involving peroxidation of cellular lipids, contributing to arterial thrombosis after plaque rupture. Our data suggest a mechanism by which antioxidants may offer a clinical benefit in acute coronary syndrome and restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Aorta/physiology
- Azoles/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Deferoxamine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Isoindoles
- Kinetics
- Lipid Peroxidation
- Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, LDL/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Organoselenium Compounds/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Thromboplastin/genetics
- Thromboplastin/physiology
- Tin Compounds/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Penn
- Departments of Cardiology, Cell Biology, and Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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41
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Abstract
Thrombin stimulates the expression of multiple genes in endothelial cells (ECs), but the trans-acting factors responsible for this induction remain undefined. We have previously described a thrombin-inducible nuclear factor (TINF), which binds to an element in the PDGF B promoter and is responsible for the thrombin inducibility of this gene. Inactive cytoplasmic TINF is rapidly activated and translocated to nuclei of ECs upon stimulation with thrombin. We have now purified TINF from thrombin-treated ECs. Amino acid sequencing revealed it to be a member of the Y-box protein family, and the sole Y-box protein-encoding cDNA we detected in human or bovine ECs corresponded to DNA-binding protein B (dbpB). DbpB translocated to the nucleus after thrombin stimulation of ECs as shown by FACS analysis of nuclei from ECs expressing GFP-dbpB fusion proteins. During thrombin activation, dbpB was found to be cleaved, yielding a 30-kDa NH(2)-terminal fragment that recognized the thrombin-response element sequence, but not the Y-box consensus sequence. Preincubation of ECs with protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors completely blocked dbpB activation by thrombin and blocked induction of endogenous PDGF B-chain mRNA and promoter activation by thrombin. Y-box proteins are known to act constitutively to regulate the expression of several genes. Activation of this class of transcription factors in response to thrombin or any other agonist represents a novel signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Stenina
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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43
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Penn MS, Patel CV, Cui MZ, DiCorleto PE, Chisolm GM. LDL increases inactive tissue factor on vascular smooth muscle cell surfaces: hydrogen peroxide activates latent cell surface tissue factor. Circulation 1999; 99:1753-9. [PMID: 10190887 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.13.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor, which is required for the initiation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, is known to be upregulated in cells within atherosclerotic lesions, including smooth muscle cells. Tissue factor expression on the smooth muscle cell surface could be of pathological significance as a contributor to plaque growth, thrombus formation, and the acute coronary syndrome after plaque rupture. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we show that LDL increased tissue factor mRNA and cell surface protein in smooth muscle cells without a marked increase in surface tissue factor activity. Hydrogen peroxide activated tissue factor on the cell surface but did not increase tissue factor mRNA or cell surface protein. Sequentially added LDL and hydrogen peroxide increased mRNA, cell surface protein, and activity; surface activity was greater than that observed with hydrogen peroxide alone. The action of hydrogen peroxide did not involve a regulatory mechanism associated with the cytoplasmic tail of tissue factor because a truncated tissue factor lacking the cytoplasmic tail was activated by hydrogen peroxide. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a novel 2-step pathway for increased tissue factor activity on smooth muscle cell surfaces in which lipoproteins regulate synthesis of a latent tissue factor and oxidants activate the protein complex.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol, LDL/pharmacology
- Cytoplasm/chemistry
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Thromboplastin/biosynthesis
- Thromboplastin/genetics
- Thromboplastin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Penn
- Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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44
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Patel CV, Sharangpani R, Bandyopadhyay S, DiCorleto PE. Endothelial cells express a novel, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-regulated variant of HOXA9. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:1415-22. [PMID: 9880515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.3.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the class 1 homeobox (HOX) family of "master control" transcription factors has been studied principally in embryogenesis and neoplasia in which HOX genes play a critical role in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. We wished to test whether HOX family members were also involved in a differentiation-like process occurring in normal, diploid adult cells, that is, cytokine-induced activation of endothelial cells (EC). Screening of a human EC cDNA library yielded several members of the A and B groups of HOX transcription factors. One clone represented a novel, alternatively spliced variant of the human HOXA9 gene containing a new exon and the expression of which was driven by a novel promoter. This variant termed HOXA9EC appeared restricted to cells of endothelial lineage, i.e. expressed by human EC from multiple sources, but not by fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, or several transformed cell lines. HOXA9EC mRNA was rapidly down-regulated in EC in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha due to an apparent reduction in transcriptional rate. Reporter construct studies showed that the 400 base pairs of genomic DNA directly 5' to the transcription initiation site of HOXA9EC contained the information required for both up-regulation in response to cotransfection with a HOXA9EC expression vector and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent down-regulation of this gene. These results provide evidence of a novel HOX family member that may participate in either the suppression or the genesis of EC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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45
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Van Heek M, Schmitt D, Toren P, Cathcart MK, DiCorleto PE. Cholesteryl hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate from oxidized low density lipoprotein inactivates platelet-derived growth factor. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:19405-10. [PMID: 9677358 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.31.19405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Both oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have been implicated in the genesis of various inflammatory responses, including atherosclerosis. We demonstrate here a novel interaction between specific oxidized lipids derived from ox-LDL and PDGF. The lipid moieties of ox-LDL caused concentration-dependent inactivation of PDGF as measured by loss of its mitogenic activity and its binding to high affinity receptors. Reverse-phase and normal-phase HPLC were used to purify the inactivating component in the lipid mixture. By fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy, we identified the inactivating lipids as the 9- and 13-hydroperoxy derivatives of cholesteryl linoleate, cholesteryl hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate. When a series of cholesteryl esters were subjected to oxidizing conditions, only those containing two or more double bonds caused inactivation of PDGF; the extent of inactivation increased with increased levels of oxidation. Exposing PDGF to cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, or hydrogen peroxide did not affect the activity of the mitogen. The oxidized lipid had no effect on the mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor but did abolish the mitogenic activity of basic fibroblast growth factor and the antiproliferative activity of transforming growth factor beta1. The inactivation of PDGF and other cytokines by lipid hydroperoxides may occur in such processes as vascular disease, inflammation, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Heek
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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46
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Faruqi TR, Erzurum SC, Kaneko FT, DiCorleto PE. Role of nitric oxide in poly(I-C)-induced endothelial cell expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:H2490-7. [PMID: 9374789 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.5.h2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I-C)] is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that simulates a viral-infected state in cells. It has been shown that viral infection, as well as poly(I-C), stimulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cell (EC) monolayers and that this is mediated through the surface expression of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. We have tested the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in poly(I-C)-induced monocytic cell adhesion to human vascular EC. Using primary cultured EC for these studies, we confirmed the results from previous reports that these cells have higher basal levels of NO production than passaged cells. Poly(I-C)-induced monocytic cell adhesion to primary EC was concentration-dependently inhibited by 40-74% by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA), as well as three other NOS inhibitors, without significantly affecting interleukin-1 beta-induced adhesion. L-NMA inhibited poly(I-C)-induced surface expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 by 25 and 45%, respectively, and mRNA levels of E-selectin and VCAM-1 by 62 and 74%, respectively. Primary EC transiently transfected with a plasmid containing an E-selectin promoter-driven luciferase reporter gene showed that L-NMA treatment reduced poly(I-C)-induced E-selectin promoter activity to basal levels. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis indicated that poly(I-C)-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) binding to a radiolabeled oligonucleotide corresponding to the consensus NF-kappa B binding domain of the E-selectin promoter was decreased by L-NMA pretreatment. Hence, NO appears to augment E-selectin gene expression in response to poly(I-C) at the transcriptional level in vascular EC. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that NO augments poly(I-C)-induced EC activation. These data suggest a novel role for NO as a response mediator in dsRNA-induced leukocyte adhesion to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Faruqi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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47
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Faruqi TR, DiCorleto PE. IFN-gamma inhibits double-stranded RNA-induced E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.8.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IFN-gamma plays a role in immune regulatory functions as well as in viral defense. We show in this study that IFN-gamma treatment down-regulates the induction by a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), of the endothelial cell-specific leukocyte adhesion protein, E-selectin. The inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin was concentration and time dependent and was specific for dsRNA, in that the induction of E-selectin by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, thrombin, or LPS was not inhibited significantly by this pretreatment. IFN-gamma pretreatment reduced poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin mRNA in a protein synthesis-independent manner. Poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin mRNA t1/2 was reduced slightly by IFN-gamma treatment, while the message for VCAM-1 was stabilized. Transient transfection of endothelial cells with an E-selectin promoter-driven reporter gene construct revealed that poly(I:C) stimulation of E-selectin promoter activity was decreased significantly by IFN-gamma pretreatment. Poly(I:C)-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation following IFN-gamma pretreatment was unaffected, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. These results indicate a novel role for IFN-gamma in the regulation of E-selectin gene expression in response to dsRNA by a transcriptional mechanism independent of nuclear factor-kappa B, as well as by a minor decrease in message stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Faruqi
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
| | - P E DiCorleto
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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Faruqi TR, DiCorleto PE. IFN-gamma inhibits double-stranded RNA-induced E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells. J Immunol 1997; 159:3989-94. [PMID: 9378988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
IFN-gamma plays a role in immune regulatory functions as well as in viral defense. We show in this study that IFN-gamma treatment down-regulates the induction by a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), of the endothelial cell-specific leukocyte adhesion protein, E-selectin. The inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin was concentration and time dependent and was specific for dsRNA, in that the induction of E-selectin by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, thrombin, or LPS was not inhibited significantly by this pretreatment. IFN-gamma pretreatment reduced poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin mRNA in a protein synthesis-independent manner. Poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin mRNA t1/2 was reduced slightly by IFN-gamma treatment, while the message for VCAM-1 was stabilized. Transient transfection of endothelial cells with an E-selectin promoter-driven reporter gene construct revealed that poly(I:C) stimulation of E-selectin promoter activity was decreased significantly by IFN-gamma pretreatment. Poly(I:C)-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation following IFN-gamma pretreatment was unaffected, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. These results indicate a novel role for IFN-gamma in the regulation of E-selectin gene expression in response to dsRNA by a transcriptional mechanism independent of nuclear factor-kappa B, as well as by a minor decrease in message stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Faruqi
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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49
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Faruqi RM, Poptic EJ, Faruqi TR, De La Motte C, DiCorleto PE. Distinct mechanisms for N-acetylcysteine inhibition of cytokine-induced E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:H817-26. [PMID: 9277499 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.2.h817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a well-characterized, thiol-containing antioxidant, on agonist-induced monocytic cell adhesion to endothelial cells (EC). NAC inhibited interleukin-1 (IL-1 beta)-induced, but not basal, adhesion with 50% inhibition at approximately 20 mM. Monocytic cell adhesion to EC in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), alpha-thrombin, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was similarly inhibited by NAC. Unlike published studies with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, which specifically inhibited vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), NAC inhibited IL-1 beta-induced mRNA and cell surface expression of both E-selectin and VCAM-1. NAC had no effect on the half-life of E-selectin or VCAM-1 mRNA. Although NAC reduced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation in EC as measured by gel-shift assays using an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the consensus NF-kappa B binding sites of the VCAM-1 gene (VCAM-NF-kappa B), the antioxidant had no appreciable effect when an oligomer corresponding to the consensus NF-kappa B binding site of the E-selectin gene (E-selectin-NF-kappa B) was used. Because NF-kappa B has been reported to be redox sensitive, we studied the effects of NAC on the EC redox environment. NAC caused an expected dramatic increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in EC. In vitro studies demonstrated that whereas the binding affinity of NF-kappa B to the VCAM-NF-kappa B oligomer peaked at a GSH-to-oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio of approximately 200 and decreased at higher ratios, the binding to the E-selectin-NF-kappa B oligomer appeared relatively unaffected even at ratios > 400, i.e., those achieved in EC treated with 40 mM NAC. These results suggest that NF-kappa B binding to its consensus sequences in the VCAM-1 and E-selectin gene exhibits marked differences in redox sensitivity, allowing for differential gene expression regulated by the same transcription factor. Our data also demonstrate that NAC increases the GSH-to-GSSG ratio within the EC suggesting one possible mechanism through which this antioxidant inhibits agonist-induced monocyte adhesion to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Faruqi
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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50
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Gottsauner-Wolf M, Jang Y, Lincoff AM, Cohen JL, Labhasetwar V, Poptic EJ, Forudi F, Guzman LA, DiCorleto PE, Levy RJ, Topol EJ, Ellis SG. Influence of local delivery of the protein tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor tyrphostin-47 on smooth-muscle cell proliferation in a rat carotid balloon-injury model. Am Heart J 1997; 133:329-34. [PMID: 9060802 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(97)70228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Smooth-muscle cell proliferation in response to arterial injury represents an important etiologic factor in restenosis after angioplasty. Tyrphostin-47, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits smooth-muscle cell proliferation in vitro. In this study tyrphostin-47 was incorporated into matrixes to determine whether prolonged local delivery would result in a reduction of neointimal proliferation after arterial injury in a rat carotid balloon-injury model. A polymer matrix (polylactic polyglycolic acid copolymer and pluronic gel F-127, mean matrix weight 7.83 +/- 0.39 mg) was loaded with tyrphostin-47 (25% w/w). Release studies demonstrated delivery of 11% of the incorporated drug over a 21-day release period. In cell culture, tyrphostin-47 released from the polymer matrix produced a reduction in smooth-muscle cell proliferation (p < 0.0007). Balloon denudation injury of the left common carotid artery of 34 animals was performed. In 12 animals, polymer matrixes containing tyrphostin-47 were wrapped around the injured arteries to provide prolonged drug delivery (estimated dosage 28 micrograms/kg/24 hr); in 10 animals a polymer matrix without tyrphostin-47 was implanted; and in 12 animals only balloon injury was performed. The mean neointimal cross-sectional areas, luminal areas, and intima/media ratios were not significantly different among animals receiving local treatment with tyrphostin-47, sham polymer after injury, or balloon injury without polymer implantation. We conclude that despite inhibition of smooth-muscle cell proliferation by tyrphostin-47 in vitro, sustained local delivery of this tyrosine kinase inhibitor does not result in a reduction of neointimal proliferation in the rat carotid injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gottsauner-Wolf
- Department of Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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