1
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Conti S, Venturini V, Cañellas-Socias A, Cortina C, Abenza JF, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Middendorp Guerra E, Xu CK, Li JH, Rossetti L, Stassi G, Roca-Cusachs P, Diz-Muñoz A, Ruprecht V, Guck J, Batlle E, Labernadie A, Trepat X. Membrane to cortex attachment determines different mechanical phenotypes in LGR5+ and LGR5- colorectal cancer cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3363. [PMID: 38637494 PMCID: PMC11026456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors are composed of heterogeneous and plastic cell populations, including a pool of cancer stem cells that express LGR5. Whether these distinct cell populations display different mechanical properties, and how these properties might contribute to metastasis is poorly understood. Using CRC patient derived organoids (PDOs), we find that compared to LGR5- cells, LGR5+ cancer stem cells are stiffer, adhere better to the extracellular matrix (ECM), move slower both as single cells and clusters, display higher nuclear YAP, show a higher survival rate in response to mechanical confinement, and form larger transendothelial gaps. These differences are largely explained by the downregulation of the membrane to cortex attachment proteins Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERMs) in the LGR5+ cells. By analyzing single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) expression patterns from a patient cohort, we show that this downregulation is a robust signature of colorectal tumors. Our results show that LGR5- cells display a mechanically dynamic phenotype suitable for dissemination from the primary tumor whereas LGR5+ cells display a mechanically stable and resilient phenotype suitable for extravasation and metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefora Conti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Venturini
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Cañellas-Socias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Cortina
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F Abenza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily Middendorp Guerra
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jia Hui Li
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leone Rossetti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Ruprecht
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Labernadie
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Beedle AE, Jaganathan A, Albajar-Sigalés A, Yavitt FM, Bera K, Andreu I, Granero-Moya I, Zalvidea D, Kechagia Z, Wiche G, Trepat X, Ivaska J, Anseth KS, Shenoy VB, Roca-Cusachs P. Fibrillar adhesion dynamics govern the timescales of nuclear mechano-response via the vimentin cytoskeleton. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.08.566191. [PMID: 37986921 PMCID: PMC10659263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The cell nucleus is continuously exposed to external signals, of both chemical and mechanical nature. To ensure proper cellular response, cells need to regulate not only the transmission of these signals, but also their timing and duration. Such timescale regulation is well described for fluctuating chemical signals, but if and how it applies to mechanical signals reaching the nucleus is still unknown. Here we demonstrate that the formation of fibrillar adhesions locks the nucleus in a mechanically deformed conformation, setting the mechanical response timescale to that of fibrillar adhesion remodelling (~1 hour). This process encompasses both mechanical deformation and associated mechanotransduction (such as via YAP), in response to both increased and decreased mechanical stimulation. The underlying mechanism is the anchoring of the vimentin cytoskeleton to fibrillar adhesions and the extracellular matrix through plectin 1f, which maintains nuclear deformation. Our results reveal a mechanism to regulate the timescale of mechanical adaptation, effectively setting a low pass filter to mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E.M. Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anuja Jaganathan
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aina Albajar-Sigalés
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Max Yavitt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303 USA
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303 USA
| | - Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, E-48940, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ignasi Granero-Moya
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dobryna Zalvidea
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zanetta Kechagia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303 USA
| | - Vivek B. Shenoy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Kechagia Z, Sáez P, Gómez-González M, Canales B, Viswanadha S, Zamarbide M, Andreu I, Koorman T, Beedle AEM, Elosegui-Artola A, Derksen PWB, Trepat X, Arroyo M, Roca-Cusachs P. The laminin-keratin link shields the nucleus from mechanical deformation and signalling. Nat Mater 2023; 22:1409-1420. [PMID: 37709930 PMCID: PMC10627833 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix dictate tissue behaviour. In epithelial tissues, laminin is a very abundant extracellular matrix component and a key supporting element. Here we show that laminin hinders the mechanoresponses of breast epithelial cells by shielding the nucleus from mechanical deformation. Coating substrates with laminin-111-unlike fibronectin or collagen I-impairs cell response to substrate rigidity and YAP nuclear localization. Blocking the laminin-specific integrin β4 increases nuclear YAP ratios in a rigidity-dependent manner without affecting the cell forces or focal adhesions. By combining mechanical perturbations and mathematical modelling, we show that β4 integrins establish a mechanical linkage between the substrate and keratin cytoskeleton, which stiffens the network and shields the nucleus from actomyosin-mediated mechanical deformation. In turn, this affects the nuclear YAP mechanoresponses, chromatin methylation and cell invasion in three dimensions. Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which tissues can regulate their sensitivity to mechanical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanetta Kechagia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Sáez
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LàCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemátiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brenda Canales
- Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Srivatsava Viswanadha
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amy E M Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LàCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemátiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Beedle AE, Roca-Cusachs P. The reversibility of cellular mechano-activation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102229. [PMID: 37633090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment is highly heterogeneous and dynamic. Therefore, cells must be equipped with molecular tools to adapt and respond to constantly fluctuating inputs. One such input is mechanical force, which activates signalling and regulates cell behaviour in the process of mechanotransduction. Whereas the mechanisms activating mechanotransduction are well studied, the reversibility of this process, whereby cells disassemble and reverse force-activated signalling pathways upon cessation of mechanical stimulation is far less understood. In this review we will outline some of the key experimental techniques to investigate the reversibility of mechanical signalling, and key discoveries arising from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Em Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Quiroga X, Walani N, Disanza A, Chavero A, Mittens A, Tebar F, Trepat X, Parton RG, Geli MI, Scita G, Arroyo M, Le Roux AL, Roca-Cusachs P. A mechanosensing mechanism controls plasma membrane shape homeostasis at the nanoscale. eLife 2023; 12:e72316. [PMID: 37747150 PMCID: PMC10569792 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nanoscale topography. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon, by which cells sense and restore mechanically induced PM nanoscale deformations. We show that cell stretch and subsequent compression reshape the PM in a way that generates local membrane evaginations in the 100 nm scale. These evaginations are recognized by I-BAR proteins, which triggers a burst of actin polymerization mediated by Rac1 and Arp2/3. The actin polymerization burst subsequently re-flattens the evagination, completing the mechanochemical feedback loop. Our results demonstrate a new mechanosensing mechanism for PM shape homeostasis, with potential applicability in different physiological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xarxa Quiroga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nikhil Walani
- Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Albert Chavero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alexandra Mittens
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Campus Nord, Carrer de Jordi GironaBarcelonaSpain
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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6
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Noordstra I, Hermoso MD, Schimmel L, Bonfim-Melo A, Currin-Ross D, Duong CN, Kalappurakkal JM, Morris RG, Vestweber D, Mayor S, Gordon E, Roca-Cusachs P, Yap AS. An E-cadherin-actin clutch translates the mechanical force of cortical flow for cell-cell contact to inhibit epithelial cell locomotion. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1748-1763.e6. [PMID: 37480844 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) allow cell contact to inhibit epithelial migration yet also permit epithelia to move as coherent sheets. How, then, do cells identify which contacts will inhibit locomotion? Here, we show that in human epithelial cells this arises from the orientation of cortical flows at AJs. When the leader cells from different migrating sheets make head-on contact with one another, they assemble AJs that couple together oppositely directed cortical flows. This applies a tensile signal to the actin-binding domain (ABD) of α-catenin, which provides a clutch to promote lateral adhesion growth and inhibit the lamellipodial activity necessary for migration. In contrast, AJs found between leader cells in the same migrating sheet have cortical flows aligned in the same direction, and no such mechanical inhibition takes place. Therefore, α-catenin mechanosensitivity in the clutch between E-cadherin and cortical F-actin allows cells to interpret the direction of motion via cortical flows and signal for contact to inhibit locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Noordstra
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mario Díez Hermoso
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lilian Schimmel
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Denni Currin-Ross
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Physics & EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cao Nguyen Duong
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Richard G Morris
- School of Physics & EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Emma Gordon
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Centre for Cell Biology of Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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7
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Abenza JF, Rossetti L, Mouelhi M, Burgués J, Andreu I, Kennedy K, Roca-Cusachs P, Marco S, García-Ojalvo J, Trepat X. Mechanical control of the mammalian circadian clock via YAP/TAZ and TEAD. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209120. [PMID: 37378613 PMCID: PMC10308087 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autonomous circadian clocks exist in nearly every mammalian cell type. These cellular clocks are subjected to a multilayered regulation sensitive to the mechanochemical cell microenvironment. Whereas the biochemical signaling that controls the cellular circadian clock is increasingly well understood, mechanisms underlying regulation by mechanical cues are largely unknown. Here we show that the fibroblast circadian clock is mechanically regulated through YAP/TAZ nuclear levels. We use high-throughput analysis of single-cell circadian rhythms and apply controlled mechanical, biochemical, and genetic perturbations to study the expression of the clock gene Rev-erbα. We observe that Rev-erbα circadian oscillations are disrupted with YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. By targeted mutations and overexpression of YAP/TAZ, we show that this mechanobiological regulation, which also impacts core components of the clock such as Bmal1 and Cry1, depends on the binding of YAP/TAZ to the transcriptional effector TEAD. This mechanism could explain the impairment of circadian rhythms observed when YAP/TAZ activity is upregulated, as in cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Abenza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leone Rossetti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Malèke Mouelhi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Burgués
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Keith Kennedy
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Marco
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi García-Ojalvo
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Marín-Llauradó A, Kale S, Ouzeri A, Golde T, Sunyer R, Torres-Sánchez A, Latorre E, Gómez-González M, Roca-Cusachs P, Arroyo M, Trepat X. Mapping mechanical stress in curved epithelia of designed size and shape. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4014. [PMID: 37419987 PMCID: PMC10329037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of organs such as lungs, kidneys and mammary glands relies on the three-dimensional geometry of their epithelium. To adopt shapes such as spheres, tubes and ellipsoids, epithelia generate mechanical stresses that are generally unknown. Here we engineer curved epithelial monolayers of controlled size and shape and map their state of stress. We design pressurized epithelia with circular, rectangular and ellipsoidal footprints. We develop a computational method, called curved monolayer stress microscopy, to map the stress tensor in these epithelia. This method establishes a correspondence between epithelial shape and mechanical stress without assumptions of material properties. In epithelia with spherical geometry we show that stress weakly increases with areal strain in a size-independent manner. In epithelia with rectangular and ellipsoidal cross-section we find pronounced stress anisotropies that impact cell alignment. Our approach enables a systematic study of how geometry and stress influence epithelial fate and function in three-dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Marín-Llauradó
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sohan Kale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Adam Ouzeri
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tom Golde
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sunyer
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Torres-Sánchez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Latorre
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Lolo FN, Pavón DM, Grande-García A, Elosegui-Artola A, Segatori VI, Sánchez S, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, del Pozo MA. Caveolae couple mechanical stress to integrin recycling and activation. eLife 2022; 11:e82348. [PMID: 36264062 PMCID: PMC9747151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are subjected to multiple mechanical inputs throughout their lives. Their ability to detect these environmental cues is called mechanosensing, a process in which integrins play an important role. During cellular mechanosensing, plasma membrane (PM) tension is adjusted to mechanical stress through the buffering action of caveolae; however, little is known about the role of caveolae in early integrin mechanosensing regulation. Here, we show that Cav1KO fibroblasts increase adhesion to FN-coated beads when pulled with magnetic tweezers, as compared to wild type fibroblasts. This phenotype is Rho-independent and mainly derived from increased active β1-integrin content on the surface of Cav1KO fibroblasts. Florescence recovery after photobleaching analysis and endocytosis/recycling assays revealed that active β1-integrin is mostly endocytosed through the clathrin independent carrier/glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-enriched endocytic compartment pathway and is more rapidly recycled to the PM in Cav1KO fibroblasts, in a Rab4 and PM tension-dependent manner. Moreover, the threshold for PM tension-driven β1-integrin activation is lower in Cav1KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) than in wild type MEFs, through a mechanism dependent on talin activity. Our findings suggest that caveolae couple mechanical stress to integrin cycling and activation, thereby regulating the early steps of the cellular mechanosensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel-Nicolás Lolo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Dácil María Pavón
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Araceli Grande-García
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | | | - Valeria Inés Segatori
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Sara Sánchez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of CataloniaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Miguel A del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
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10
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Barbacena P, Dominguez-Cejudo M, Fonseca CG, Gómez-González M, Faure LM, Zarkada G, Pena A, Pezzarossa A, Ramalho D, Giarratano Y, Ouarné M, Barata D, Fortunato IC, Misikova LH, Mauldin I, Carvalho Y, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, Eichmann A, Bernabeu MO, Franco CA. Competition for endothelial cell polarity drives vascular morphogenesis in the mouse retina. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2321-2333.e9. [PMID: 36220082 PMCID: PMC9552591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Blood-vessel formation generates unique vascular patterns in each individual. The principles governing the apparent stochasticity of this process remain to be elucidated. Using mathematical methods, we find that the transition between two fundamental vascular morphogenetic programs-sprouting angiogenesis and vascular remodeling-is established by a shift of collective front-to-rear polarity of endothelial cells in the mouse retina. We demonstrate that the competition between biochemical (VEGFA) and mechanical (blood-flow-induced shear stress) cues controls this collective polarity shift. Shear stress increases tension at focal adhesions overriding VEGFA-driven collective polarization, which relies on tension at adherens junctions. We propose that vascular morphogenetic cues compete to regulate individual cell polarity and migration through tension shifts that translates into tissue-level emergent behaviors, ultimately leading to uniquely organized vascular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Dominguez-Cejudo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina G Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Faure
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgia Zarkada
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andreia Pena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Pezzarossa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Champalimaud Foundation, Champalimaud Research, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ramalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ylenia Giarratano
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie Ouarné
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabela C Fortunato
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lenka Henao Misikova
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ian Mauldin
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yulia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cláudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E M Beedle
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Zambarda C, Pérez González C, Schoenit A, Veits N, Schimmer C, Jung R, Ollech D, Christian J, Roca-Cusachs P, Trepat X, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Epithelial cell cluster size affects force distribution in response to EGF-induced collective contractility. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151274. [PMID: 36152392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors present in the extracellular environment regulate epithelial cell adhesion and dynamics. Among them, growth factors such as EGF, upon binding to their receptors at the cell surface, get internalized and directly activate the acto-myosin machinery. In this study we present the effects of EGF on the contractility of epithelial cancer cell colonies in confined geometry of different sizes. We show that the extent to which EGF triggers contractility scales with the cluster size and thus the number of cells. Moreover, the collective contractility results in a radial distribution of traction forces, which are dependent on integrin β1 peripheral adhesions and transmitted to neighboring cells through adherens junctions. Taken together, EGF-induced contractility acts on the mechanical crosstalk and linkage between the cell-cell and cell-matrix compartments, regulating collective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zambarda
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Pérez González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Schoenit
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nisha Veits
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Schimmer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raimund Jung
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Ollech
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joel Christian
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería (CIBER-BBN), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Rätze MAK, Koorman T, Sijnesael T, Bassey-Archibong B, van de Ven R, Enserink L, Visser D, Jaksani S, Viciano I, Bakker ERM, Richard F, Tutt A, O'Leary L, Fitzpatrick A, Roca-Cusachs P, van Diest PJ, Desmedt C, Daniel JM, Isacke CM, Derksen PWB. Correction: Loss of E-cadherin leads to Id2-dependent inhibition of cell cycle progression in metastatic lobular breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:3507-3509. [PMID: 35610485 PMCID: PMC9232389 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max A K Rätze
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijmen Sijnesael
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert van de Ven
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Enserink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Visser
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sridevi Jaksani
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Viciano
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira R M Bakker
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - François Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew Tutt
- The Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda O'Leary
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Fitzpatrick
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Clare M Isacke
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Andreu I, Granero-Moya I, Chahare NR, Clein K, Molina-Jordán M, Beedle AEM, Elosegui-Artola A, Abenza JF, Rossetti L, Trepat X, Raveh B, Roca-Cusachs P. Mechanical force application to the nucleus regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:896-905. [PMID: 35681009 PMCID: PMC7614780 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical force controls fundamental cellular processes in health and disease, and increasing evidence shows that the nucleus both experiences and senses applied forces. Such forces can lead to the nuclear translocation of proteins, but whether force controls nucleocytoplasmic transport, and how, remains unknown. Here we show that nuclear forces differentially control passive and facilitated nucleocytoplasmic transport, setting the rules for the mechanosensitivity of shuttling proteins. We demonstrate that nuclear force increases permeability across nuclear pore complexes, with a dependence on molecular weight that is stronger for passive than for facilitated diffusion. Owing to this differential effect, force leads to the translocation of cargoes into or out of the nucleus within a given range of molecular weight and affinity for nuclear transport receptors. Further, we show that the mechanosensitivity of several transcriptional regulators can be both explained by this mechanism and engineered exogenously by introducing appropriate nuclear localization signals. Our work unveils a mechanism of mechanically induced signalling, probably operating in parallel with others, with potential applicability across signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universidad de Navarra, TECNUN Escuela de Ingeniería, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Ignasi Granero-Moya
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nimesh R Chahare
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kessem Clein
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marc Molina-Jordán
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amy E M Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan F Abenza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leone Rossetti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barak Raveh
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Andreu I, Granero-Moya I, Garcia-Manyes S, Roca-Cusachs P. Understanding the role of mechanics in nucleocytoplasmic transport. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:020901. [PMID: 35783457 PMCID: PMC9246425 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell nuclei are submitted to mechanical forces, which in turn affect nuclear and cell functions. Recent evidence shows that a crucial mechanically regulated nuclear function is nucleocytoplasmic transport, mediated by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Mechanical regulation occurs at two levels: first, by force application to the nucleus, which increases NPC permeability likely through NPC stretch. Second, by the mechanical properties of the transported proteins themselves, as mechanically labile proteins translocate through NPCs faster than mechanically stiff ones. In this perspective, we discuss this evidence and the associated mechanisms by which mechanics can regulate the nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins. Finally, we analyze how mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport can provide a systematic approach to the study of mechanobiology and open new avenues both in fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom; Single Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
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16
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Andreu I, Falcones B, Hurst S, Chahare N, Quiroga X, Le Roux AL, Kechagia Z, Beedle AEM, Elosegui-Artola A, Trepat X, Farré R, Betz T, Almendros I, Roca-Cusachs P. The force loading rate drives cell mechanosensing through both reinforcement and cytoskeletal softening. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4229. [PMID: 34244477 PMCID: PMC8270983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell response to force regulates essential processes in health and disease. However, the fundamental mechanical variables that cells sense and respond to remain unclear. Here we show that the rate of force application (loading rate) drives mechanosensing, as predicted by a molecular clutch model. By applying dynamic force regimes to cells through substrate stretching, optical tweezers, and atomic force microscopy, we find that increasing loading rates trigger talin-dependent mechanosensing, leading to adhesion growth and reinforcement, and YAP nuclear localization. However, above a given threshold the actin cytoskeleton softens, decreasing loading rates and preventing reinforcement. By stretching rat lungs in vivo, we show that a similar phenomenon may occur. Our results show that cell sensing of external forces and of passive mechanical parameters (like tissue stiffness) can be understood through the same mechanisms, driven by the properties under force of the mechanosensing molecules involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sebastian Hurst
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nimesh Chahare
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Campus Nord, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xarxa Quiroga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zanetta Kechagia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amy E M Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, UK
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timo Betz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Tozzi C, Walani N, Le Roux AL, Roca-Cusachs P, Arroyo M. A theory of ordering of elongated and curved proteins on membranes driven by density and curvature. Soft Matter 2021; 17:3367-3379. [PMID: 33644786 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01733g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes interact with a myriad of curvature-active proteins that control membrane morphology and are responsible for mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. Some of these proteins, such as those containing BAR domains, are curved and elongated, and hence may adopt different states of orientational order, from isotropic to maximize entropy to nematic as a result of crowding or to adapt to the curvature of the underlying membrane. Here, extending the classical work of Onsager for ordering in hard particle systems and that of [E. S. Nascimento et al., Phys. Rev. E, 2017, 96, 022704], we develop a mean-field density functional theory to predict the orientational order and evaluate the free energy of ensembles of elongated and curved objects on curved membranes. This theory depends on the microscopic properties of the particles and explains how a density-dependent isotropic-to-nematic transition is modified by anisotropic curvature. We also examine the coexistence of isotropic and nematic phases. This theory predicts how ordering depends on geometry but we assume here that the geometry is fixed. It also lays the ground to understand the interplay between membrane reshaping by BAR proteins and molecular order, examined by [Le Roux et al., submitted, 2020].
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tozzi
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Guixé-Muntet S, Ortega-Ribera M, Wang C, Selicean S, Andreu I, Kechagia JZ, Fondevila C, Roca-Cusachs P, Dufour JF, Bosch J, Berzigotti A, Gracia-Sancho J. Nuclear deformation mediates liver cell mechanosensing in cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100145. [PMID: 32939447 PMCID: PMC7479345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver stiffness is increased in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) and accurately predicts prognosis in this population. Recent data suggest that extracellular matrix stiffness per se may modulate the phenotype of liver cells. We aimed at investigating the effect of matrix stiffness on the phenotype of liver cells of rats with cirrhosis, assessing its influence on their response to antifibrotic strategies and evaluating associated molecular mechanisms. METHODS Hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells were isolated from healthy rats or rats with cirrhosis (carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide), and cultured on polyacrylamide gels with different physiologically relevant stiffness for 72 h. RESULTS All cell types of rats with cirrhosis cultured at low stiffness showed a significant phenotype amelioration vs. rigid matrix (assessed by quantitative morphology, mRNA expression, protein synthesis, and electron microscopy imaging). Additionally, stiffness modified the antifibrotic effects of liraglutide in stellate cells of rats with cirrhosis. Finally, evaluation of nuclear morphology revealed that high stiffness induced nuclei deformation in all cell types, an observation confirmed in cells from human livers. Disconnecting the nucleus from the cytoskeleton by cytoskeleton disruption or a defective form of nesprin 1 significantly recovered spherical nuclear shape and quiescent phenotype of cells. CONCLUSIONS The environment's stiffness per se modulates the phenotype of healthy rats and liver cells of rats with cirrhosis by altering the nuclear morphology through cytoskeleton-derived mechanical forces. The reversibility of this mechanism suggests that targeting the stiffness-mediated intracellular mechanical tensions may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for ACLD. LAY SUMMARY During cirrhosis, the liver becomes scarred, stiff, and unable to perform its normal functions efficiently. In this study, we demonstrated that cells from diseased (stiff) livers recovered their functionality when placed in a soft environment (as that of a healthy liver). Furthermore, treatments aimed at tricking liver cells into believing they are in a healthy, soft liver improved their function and could potentially contribute to treat cirrhosis.
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Key Words
- ACLD, advanced chronic liver disease
- Cd, cytoskeleton disruptor
- Chronic liver disease
- DN-KASH, dominant negative nesprin peptide containing a KASH domain
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α
- HSC
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte
- KASH, Klarsicht/abnormal nuclear anchorage-1/Syne homology
- LSEC
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- Lamb1, laminin b1
- Stiffness
- TAA, thioacetamide
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Guixé-Muntet
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martí Ortega-Ribera
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Selicean
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Technology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenny Z. Kechagia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Technology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Technology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Hepatology, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
- Hepatology, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Berzigotti
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Hepatology, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
- Hepatology, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Lerche M, Elosegui-Artola A, Kechagia JZ, Guzmán C, Georgiadou M, Andreu I, Gullberg D, Roca-Cusachs P, Peuhu E, Ivaska J. Erratum: Integrin Binding Dynamics Modulate Ligand-Specific Mechanosensing in Mammary Gland Fibroblasts. iScience 2020; 23:101507. [PMID: 32896770 PMCID: PMC7482011 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100907.].
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20
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Lerche M, Elosegui-Artola A, Kechagia JZ, Guzmán C, Georgiadou M, Andreu I, Gullberg D, Roca-Cusachs P, Peuhu E, Ivaska J. Integrin Binding Dynamics Modulate Ligand-Specific Mechanosensing in Mammary Gland Fibroblasts. iScience 2020; 23:100907. [PMID: 32106057 PMCID: PMC7044518 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between integrin activity regulation and cellular mechanosensing of tissue rigidity, especially on different extracellular matrix ligands, remains poorly understood. Here, we find that primary mouse mammary gland stromal fibroblasts (MSFs) are able to spread efficiently, generate high forces, and display nuclear YAP on soft collagen-coated substrates, resembling the soft mammary gland tissue. We describe that loss of the integrin inhibitor, SHARPIN, impedes MSF spreading specifically on soft type I collagen but not on fibronectin. Through quantitative experiments and computational modeling, we find that SHARPIN-deficient MSFs display faster force-induced unbinding of adhesions from collagen-coated beads. Faster unbinding, in turn, impairs force transmission in these cells, particularly, at the stiffness optimum observed for wild-type cells. Mechanistically, we link the impaired mechanotransduction of SHARPIN-deficient cells on collagen to reduced levels of collagen-binding integrin α11β1. Thus integrin activity regulation and α11β1 play a role in collagen-specific mechanosensing in MSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lerche
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jenny Z Kechagia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Georgiadou
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine and Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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21
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Infante E, Stannard A, Board SJ, Rico-Lastres P, Panagaki F, Beedle AE, Rajan VS, Rostkova E, Lezamiz A, Wang YJ, Breen SG, Shanahan C, Roca-Cusachs P, Garcia-Manyes S. The mechanical stability of proteins regulates their translocation rate into the cell nucleus. Nat Phys 2019; 15:973-981. [PMID: 37484710 PMCID: PMC7614795 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-019-0551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The translocation of mechanosensitive transcription factors (TFs) across the nuclear envelope is a crucial step in cellular mechanotransduction. Yet the molecular mechanisms by which external mechanical cues control the nuclear shuttling dynamics of TFs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) to activate gene expression are poorly understood. Here, we show that the nuclear import rate of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA) - a protein that regulates cytoskeletal dynamics via the activation of the TF serum response factor (SRF) - inversely correlates with the protein's nanomechanical stability and does not relate to its thermodynamic stability. Tagging MRTFA with mechanically resistant proteins results in the downregulation of SRF-mediated myosin light-chain 9 (MYL9) gene expression and subsequent slowing down of cell migration. We conclude that the mechanical unfolding of proteins regulates their nuclear translocation rate through the NPC, and highlight the role of the NPC as a selective mechanosensor able to discriminate forces as low as ~10 pN. The modulation of the mechanical stability of TFs may represent a new strategy for the control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Infante
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Andrew Stannard
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Stephanie J. Board
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Palma Rico-Lastres
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Fani Panagaki
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Amy E.M. Beedle
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Vinoth Sundar Rajan
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Elena Rostkova
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Ainhoa Lezamiz
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Yong Jian Wang
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Samuel Gulaidi Breen
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Catherine Shanahan
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Technology (BIST) and University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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22
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Uroz M, Garcia-Puig A, Tekeli I, Elosegui-Artola A, Abenza JF, Marín-Llauradó A, Pujals S, Conte V, Albertazzi L, Roca-Cusachs P, Raya Á, Trepat X. Traction forces at the cytokinetic ring regulate cell division and polyploidy in the migrating zebrafish epicardium. Nat Mater 2019; 18:1015-1023. [PMID: 31160803 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial repair and regeneration are driven by collective cell migration and division. Both cellular functions involve tightly controlled mechanical events, but how physical forces regulate cell division in migrating epithelia is largely unknown. Here we show that cells dividing in the migrating zebrafish epicardium exert large cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) forces during cytokinesis. These forces point towards the division axis and are exerted through focal adhesions that connect the cytokinetic ring to the underlying ECM. When subjected to high loading rates, these cytokinetic focal adhesions prevent closure of the contractile ring, leading to multi-nucleation through cytokinetic failure. By combining a clutch model with experiments on substrates of different rigidity, ECM composition and ligand density, we show that failed cytokinesis is triggered by adhesion reinforcement downstream of increased myosin density. The mechanical interaction between the cytokinetic ring and the ECM thus provides a mechanism for the regulation of cell division and polyploidy that may have implications in regeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uroz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Garcia-Puig
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isil Tekeli
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F Abenza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Marín-Llauradó
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vito Conte
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Abstract
Cells are constantly submitted to external mechanical stresses, which they must withstand and respond to. By forming a physical boundary between cells and their environment that is also a biochemical platform, the plasma membrane (PM) is a key interface mediating both cellular response to mechanical stimuli, and subsequent biochemical responses. Here, we review the role of the PM as a mechanosensing structure. We first analyse how the PM responds to mechanical stresses, and then discuss how this mechanical response triggers downstream biochemical responses. The molecular players involved in PM mechanochemical transduction include sensors of membrane unfolding, membrane tension, membrane curvature or membrane domain rearrangement. These sensors trigger signalling cascades fundamental both in healthy scenarios and in diseases such as cancer, which cells harness to maintain integrity, keep or restore homeostasis and adapt to their external environment. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Xarxa Quiroga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Nikhil Walani
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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24
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Wickström SA, Roca-Cusachs P. Special issue on "mechanotransduction in cell fate determination" - From molecular switches to organ-level regulation. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111452. [PMID: 31153925 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland; Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Garreta E, Prado P, Tarantino C, Oria R, Fanlo L, Martí E, Zalvidea D, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Cozzuto L, Campistol JM, Izpisúa Belmonte JC, Hurtado Del Pozo C, Montserrat N. Fine tuning the extracellular environment accelerates the derivation of kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Mater 2019; 18:397-405. [PMID: 30778227 PMCID: PMC9845070 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The generation of organoids is one of the biggest scientific advances in regenerative medicine. Here, by lengthening the time that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) were exposed to a three-dimensional microenvironment, and by applying defined renal inductive signals, we generated kidney organoids that transcriptomically matched second-trimester human fetal kidneys. We validated these results using ex vivo and in vitro assays that model renal development. Furthermore, we developed a transplantation method that utilizes the chick chorioallantoic membrane. This approach created a soft in vivo microenvironment that promoted the growth and differentiation of implanted kidney organoids, as well as providing a vascular component. The stiffness of the in ovo chorioallantoic membrane microenvironment was recapitulated in vitro by fabricating compliant hydrogels. These biomaterials promoted the efficient generation of renal vesicles and nephron structures, demonstrating that a soft environment accelerates the differentiation of hPSC-derived kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garreta
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Prado
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tarantino
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Oria
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Fanlo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dobryna Zalvidea
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Cozzuto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Hurtado Del Pozo
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Jose Thottacherry J, Joanna Kosmalska A, Pradhan S, Pal Singh P, Trepat X, Vishwakarma R, Pullarkat P, Roca-Cusachs P, Mayor S. Mechanochemical Feedback Control of Dynamin Independent Endocytosis Modulates Membrane Tension in Adherent Cells. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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27
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Thottacherry JJ, Kosmalska AJ, Kumar A, Vishen AS, Elosegui-Artola A, Pradhan S, Sharma S, Singh PP, Guadamillas MC, Chaudhary N, Vishwakarma R, Trepat X, Del Pozo MA, Parton RG, Rao M, Pullarkat P, Roca-Cusachs P, Mayor S. Mechanochemical feedback control of dynamin independent endocytosis modulates membrane tension in adherent cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4217. [PMID: 30310066 PMCID: PMC6181995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane tension regulates many key cellular processes. It is modulated by, and can modulate, membrane trafficking. However, the cellular pathway(s) involved in this interplay is poorly understood. Here we find that, among a number of endocytic processes operating simultaneously at the cell surface, a dynamin independent pathway, the CLIC/GEEC (CG) pathway, is rapidly and specifically upregulated upon a sudden reduction of tension. Moreover, inhibition (activation) of the CG pathway results in lower (higher) membrane tension. However, alteration in membrane tension does not directly modulate CG endocytosis. This requires vinculin, a mechano-transducer recruited to focal adhesion in adherent cells. Vinculin acts by controlling the levels of a key regulator of the CG pathway, GBF1, at the plasma membrane. Thus, the CG pathway directly regulates membrane tension and is in turn controlled via a mechano-chemical feedback inhibition, potentially leading to homeostatic regulation of membrane tension in adherent cells. Plasma membrane tension is an important factor that regulates many key cellular processes. Here authors show that a specific dynamin-independent endocytic pathway is modulated by changes in tension via the mechano-transducer vinculin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jose Thottacherry
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Anita Joanna Kosmalska
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Amit Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
| | - Amit Singh Vishen
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | | | - Susav Pradhan
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Parvinder P Singh
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Marta C Guadamillas
- Integrin Signalling Lab, Cell Biology & Physiology Program, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Natasha Chaudhary
- University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ram Vishwakarma
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Integrin Signalling Lab, Cell Biology & Physiology Program, Cell & Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Robert G Parton
- University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Madan Rao
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Pramod Pullarkat
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bengaluru, 560065, India.
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28
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Neri L, Lasa M, Elosegui-Artola A, D'Avola D, Carte B, Gazquez C, Alve S, Roca-Cusachs P, Iñarrairaegui M, Herrero J, Prieto J, Sangro B, Aldabe R. NatB-mediated protein N-α-terminal acetylation is a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40967-40981. [PMID: 28498797 PMCID: PMC5522283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new targets for systemic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an urgent medical need. Recently, we showed that hNatB catalyzes the N-α-terminal acetylation of 15% of the human proteome and that this action is necessary for proper actin cytoskeleton structure and function. In tumors, cytoskeletal changes influence motility, invasion, survival, cell growth and tumor progression, making the cytoskeleton a very attractive antitumor target. Here, we show that hNatB subunits are upregulated in in over 59% HCC tumors compared to non-tumor tissue and that this upregulation is associated with microscopic vascular invasion. We found that hNatB silencing blocks proliferation and tumor formation in HCC cell lines in association with hampered DNA synthesis and impaired progression through the S and the G2/M phases. Growth inhibition is mediated by the degradation of two hNatB substrates, tropomyosin and CDK2, which occurs when these proteins lack N-α-terminal acetylation. In addition, hNatB inhibition disrupts the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesions and tight/adherens junctions, abrogating two proliferative signaling pathways, Hippo/YAP and ERK1/2. Therefore, inhibition of NatB activity represents an interesting new approach to treating HCC by blocking cell proliferation and disrupting actin cytoskeleton function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Neri
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Lasa
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Delia D'Avola
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Carte
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Gazquez
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Alve
- Department of Biology, CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Iñarrairaegui
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Herrero
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Aldabe
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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29
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Elosegui-Artola A, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P. Control of Mechanotransduction by Molecular Clutch Dynamics. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:356-367. [PMID: 29496292 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The linkage of cells to their microenvironment is mediated by a series of bonds that dynamically engage and disengage, in what has been conceptualized as the molecular clutch model. Whereas this model has long been employed to describe actin cytoskeleton and cell migration dynamics, it has recently been proposed to also explain mechanotransduction (i.e., the process by which cells convert mechanical signals from their environment into biochemical signals). Here we review the current understanding on how cell dynamics and mechanotransduction are driven by molecular clutch dynamics and its master regulator, the force loading rate. Throughout this Review, we place a specific emphasis on the quantitative prediction of cell response enabled by combined experimental and theoretical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Gauthier NC, Roca-Cusachs P. Mechanosensing at integrin-mediated cell–matrix adhesions: from molecular to integrated mechanisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 50:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Oria R, Wiegand T, Escribano J, Elosegui-Artola A, Uriarte JJ, Moreno-Pulido C, Platzman I, Delcanale P, Albertazzi L, Navajas D, Trepat X, García-Aznar JM, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Roca-Cusachs P. Force loading explains spatial sensing of ligands by cells. Nature 2017; 552:219-224. [PMID: 29211717 DOI: 10.1038/nature24662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells can sense the density and distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules by means of individual integrin proteins and larger, integrin-containing adhesion complexes within the cell membrane. This spatial sensing drives cellular activity in a variety of normal and pathological contexts. Previous studies of cells on rigid glass surfaces have shown that spatial sensing of ECM ligands takes place at the nanometre scale, with integrin clustering and subsequent formation of focal adhesions impaired when single integrin-ligand bonds are separated by more than a few tens of nanometres. It has thus been suggested that a crosslinking 'adaptor' protein of this size might connect integrins to the actin cytoskeleton, acting as a molecular ruler that senses ligand spacing directly. Here, we develop gels whose rigidity and nanometre-scale distribution of ECM ligands can be controlled and altered. We find that increasing the spacing between ligands promotes the growth of focal adhesions on low-rigidity substrates, but leads to adhesion collapse on more-rigid substrates. Furthermore, disordering the ligand distribution drastically increases adhesion growth, but reduces the rigidity threshold for adhesion collapse. The growth and collapse of focal adhesions are mirrored by, respectively, the nuclear or cytosolic localization of the transcriptional regulator protein YAP. We explain these findings not through direct sensing of ligand spacing, but by using an expanded computational molecular-clutch model, in which individual integrin-ECM bonds-the molecular clutches-respond to force loading by recruiting extra integrins, up to a maximum value. This generates more clutches, redistributing the overall force among them, and reducing the force loading per clutch. At high rigidity and high ligand spacing, maximum recruitment is reached, preventing further force redistribution and leading to adhesion collapse. Measurements of cellular traction forces and actin flow speeds support our model. Our results provide a general framework for how cells sense spatial and physical information at the nanoscale, precisely tuning the range of conditions at which they form adhesions and activate transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Oria
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tina Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jorge Escribano
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristian Moreno-Pulido
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Delcanale
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Elosegui-Artola A, Andreu I, Beedle AE, Lezamiz A, Uroz M, Kosmalska AJ, Oria R, Kechagia JZ, Rico-Lastres P, Le Roux AL, Shanahan CM, Trepat X, Navajas D, Garcia-Manyes S, Roca-Cusachs P. Force Triggers YAP Nuclear Entry by Regulating Transport across Nuclear Pores. Cell 2017; 171:1397-1410.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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33
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Rodríguez-Franco P, Brugués A, Marín-Llauradó A, Conte V, Solanas G, Batlle E, Fredberg JJ, Roca-Cusachs P, Sunyer R, Trepat X. Long-lived force patterns and deformation waves at repulsive epithelial boundaries. Nat Mater 2017; 16:1029-1037. [PMID: 28892054 PMCID: PMC5657559 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
For an organism to develop and maintain homeostasis, cell types with distinct functions must often be separated by physical boundaries. The formation and maintenance of such boundaries are commonly attributed to mechanisms restricted to the cells lining the boundary. Here we show that, besides these local subcellular mechanisms, the formation and maintenance of tissue boundaries involves long-lived, long-ranged mechanical events. Following contact between two epithelial monolayers expressing, respectively, EphB2 and its ligand ephrinB1, both monolayers exhibit oscillatory patterns of traction forces and intercellular stresses that tend to pull cell-matrix adhesions away from the boundary. With time, monolayers jam, accompanied by the emergence of deformation waves that propagate away from the boundary. This phenomenon is not specific to EphB2/ephrinB1 repulsion but is also present during the formation of boundaries with an inert interface and during fusion of homotypic epithelial layers. Our findings thus unveil a global physical mechanism that sustains tissue separation independently of the biochemical and mechanical features of the local tissue boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustí Brugués
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Vito Conte
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Guiomar Solanas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sunyer
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence to: ,
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence to: ,
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34
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Echegaray K, Andreu I, Lazkano A, Villanueva I, Sáenz A, Elizalde MR, Echeverría T, López B, Garro A, González A, Zubillaga E, Solla I, Sanz I, González J, Elósegui-Artola A, Roca-Cusachs P, Díez J, Ravassa S, Querejeta R. Papel del colágeno miocárdico en la estenosis aórtica grave con fracción de eyección conservada y síntomas de insuficiencia cardiaca. Rev Esp Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Pontes B, Monzo P, Gole L, Le Roux AL, Kosmalska AJ, Tam ZY, Luo W, Kan S, Viasnoff V, Roca-Cusachs P, Tucker-Kellogg L, Gauthier NC. Membrane tension controls adhesion positioning at the leading edge of cells. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2959-2977. [PMID: 28687667 PMCID: PMC5584154 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pontes et al. show that plasma membrane mechanics exerts an upstream control during cell motility. Variations in plasma membrane tension orchestrate the behavior of the cell leading edge, with increase–decrease cycles in tension promoting adhesion row positioning. Cell migration is dependent on adhesion dynamics and actin cytoskeleton remodeling at the leading edge. These events may be physically constrained by the plasma membrane. Here, we show that the mechanical signal produced by an increase in plasma membrane tension triggers the positioning of new rows of adhesions at the leading edge. During protrusion, as membrane tension increases, velocity slows, and the lamellipodium buckles upward in a myosin II–independent manner. The buckling occurs between the front of the lamellipodium, where nascent adhesions are positioned in rows, and the base of the lamellipodium, where a vinculin-dependent clutch couples actin to previously positioned adhesions. As membrane tension decreases, protrusion resumes and buckling disappears, until the next cycle. We propose that the mechanical signal of membrane tension exerts upstream control in mechanotransduction by periodically compressing and relaxing the lamellipodium, leading to the positioning of adhesions at the leading edge of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pontes
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratório de Pinças Óticas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pascale Monzo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) of Molecular Oncology (IFOM-FIRC), Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Gole
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anabel-Lise Le Roux
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anita Joanna Kosmalska
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhi Yang Tam
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sophie Kan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles Paristech, Paris, France
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore .,Institute FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) of Molecular Oncology (IFOM-FIRC), Milan, Italy
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36
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Elosegui-Artola A, Roca-Cusachs P. Amoebae as Mechanosensitive Tanks. Biophys J 2017. [PMID: 28636904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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González-Tarragó V, Elosegui-Artola A, Bazellières E, Oria R, Pérez-González C, Roca-Cusachs P. Binding of ZO-1 to α5β1 integrins regulates the mechanical properties of α5β1-fibronectin links. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1847-1852. [PMID: 28251923 PMCID: PMC5541835 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental processes in cell adhesion, motility, and rigidity adaptation are regulated by integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The link between the ECM component fibronectin (fn) and integrin α5β1 forms a complex with ZO-1 in cells at the edge of migrating monolayers, regulating cell migration. However, how this complex affects the α5β1-fn link is unknown. Here we show that the α5β1/ZO-1 complex decreases the resistance to force of α5β1-fn adhesions located at the edge of migrating cell monolayers while also increasing α5β1 recruitment. Consistently with a molecular clutch model of adhesion, this effect of ZO-1 leads to a decrease in the density and intensity of adhesions in cells at the edge of migrating monolayers. Taken together, our results unveil a new mode of integrin regulation through modification of the mechanical properties of integrin-ECM links, which may be harnessed by cells to control adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor González-Tarragó
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elsa Bazellières
- IBDM, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Roger Oria
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain .,University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Sunyer R, Conte V, Escribano J, Elosegui-Artola A, Labernadie A, Valon L, Navajas D, Garcia-Aznar JM, Munoz JJ, Roca-Cusachs P, Trepat X. Collective cell durotaxis emerges from long-range intercellular force transmission. Science 2016; 353:1157-61. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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39
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Meacci G, Wolfenson H, Liu S, Stachowiak MR, Iskratsch T, Mathur A, Ghassemi S, Gauthier N, Tabdanov E, Lohner J, Gondarenko A, Chander AC, Roca-Cusachs P, O'Shaughnessy B, Hone J, Sheetz MP. α-Actinin links extracellular matrix rigidity-sensing contractile units with periodic cell-edge retractions. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3471-3479. [PMID: 27122603 PMCID: PMC5221581 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-02-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During spreading and migration, the leading edges of cells undergo periodic protrusion-retraction cycles. The functional purpose of these cycles is unclear. Here, using submicrometer polydimethylsiloxane pillars as substrates for cell spreading, we show that periodic edge retractions coincide with peak forces produced by local contractile units (CUs) that assemble and disassemble along the cell edge to test matrix rigidity. We find that, whereas actin rearward flow produces a relatively constant force inward, the peak of local contractile forces by CUs scales with rigidity. The cytoskeletal protein α-actinin is shared between these two force-producing systems. It initially localizes to the CUs and subsequently moves inward with the actin flow. Knockdown of α-actinin causes aberrant rigidity sensing, loss of CUs, loss of protrusion-retraction cycles, and, surprisingly, enables the cells to proliferate on soft matrices. We present a model based on these results in which local CUs drive rigidity sensing and adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Meacci
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Shuaimin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anurag Mathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Saba Ghassemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Nils Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
| | - Erdem Tabdanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - James Lohner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Ashok C Chander
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 .,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
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Elosegui-Artola A, Oria R, Chen Y, Kosmalska A, Pérez-González C, Castro N, Zhu C, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P. Mechanical regulation of a molecular clutch defines force transmission and transduction in response to matrix rigidity. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:540-8. [PMID: 27065098 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell function depends on tissue rigidity, which cells probe by applying and transmitting forces to their extracellular matrix, and then transducing them into biochemical signals. Here we show that in response to matrix rigidity and density, force transmission and transduction are explained by the mechanical properties of the actin-talin-integrin-fibronectin clutch. We demonstrate that force transmission is regulated by a dynamic clutch mechanism, which unveils its fundamental biphasic force/rigidity relationship on talin depletion. Force transduction is triggered by talin unfolding above a stiffness threshold. Below this threshold, integrins unbind and release force before talin can unfold. Above the threshold, talin unfolds and binds to vinculin, leading to adhesion growth and YAP nuclear translocation. Matrix density, myosin contractility, integrin ligation and talin mechanical stability differently and nonlinearly regulate both force transmission and the transduction threshold. In all cases, coupling of talin unfolding dynamics to a theoretical clutch model quantitatively predicts cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Oria
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Anita Kosmalska
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Natalia Castro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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41
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Kosmalska AJ, Casares L, Elosegui-Artola A, Thottacherry JJ, Moreno-Vicente R, González-Tarragó V, Del Pozo MÁ, Mayor S, Arroyo M, Navajas D, Trepat X, Gauthier NC, Roca-Cusachs P. Physical principles of membrane remodelling during cell mechanoadaptation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7292. [PMID: 26073653 PMCID: PMC4490354 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological processes in any physiological environment involve changes in cell shape, which must be accommodated by their physical envelope—the bilayer membrane. However, the fundamental biophysical principles by which the cell membrane allows for and responds to shape changes remain unclear. Here we show that the 3D remodelling of the membrane in response to a broad diversity of physiological perturbations can be explained by a purely mechanical process. This process is passive, local, almost instantaneous, before any active remodelling and generates different types of membrane invaginations that can repeatedly store and release large fractions of the cell membrane. We further demonstrate that the shape of those invaginations is determined by the minimum elastic and adhesive energy required to store both membrane area and liquid volume at the cell–substrate interface. Once formed, cells reabsorb the invaginations through an active process with duration of the order of minutes. Variations in cell shape must be accommodated by the cell membrane, but how the membrane adjusts to changes in area and volume is not known. Here the authors show that the membrane responds in a nearly instantaneous, purely physical manner involving the flattening or generation of membrane invaginations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Joanna Kosmalska
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Laura Casares
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Víctor González-Tarragó
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | | | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Marino Arroyo
- LaCàN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences I, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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42
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Bazellières E, Conte V, Elosegui-Artola A, Serra-Picamal X, Bintanel-Morcillo M, Roca-Cusachs P, Muñoz JJ, Sales-Pardo M, Guimerà R, Trepat X. Control of cell-cell forces and collective cell dynamics by the intercellular adhesome. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:409-20. [PMID: 25812522 PMCID: PMC4886824 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of epithelial tissues determines key processes in development, tissue healing, and cancer invasion. These processes are critically influenced by cell-cell adhesion forces. However, the identity of the proteins that resist and transmit forces at cell-cell junctions remains unclear, and how these proteins control tissue dynamics is largely unknown. Here we provide a systematic study of the interplay between cell-cell adhesion proteins, intercellular forces, and epithelial tissue dynamics. We show that collective cellular responses to selective perturbations of the intercellular adhesome conform to three mechanical phenotypes. These phenotypes are controlled by different molecular modules and characterized by distinct relationships between cellular kinematics and intercellular forces. We show that these forces and their rates can be predicted by the concentrations of cadherins and catenins. Unexpectedly, we identified different mechanical roles for P-cadherin and E-cadherin; while P-cadherin predicts levels of intercellular force, E-cadherin predicts the rate at which intercellular force builds up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Bazellières
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Vito Conte
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- 1] Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain [2] Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, and CIBERES, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - José J Muñoz
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric, Department of Applied Mathematics III, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marta Sales-Pardo
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Guimerà
- 1] Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Catalonia, Spain [2] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- 1] Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain [2] Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, and CIBERES, Barcelona 08036, Spain [3] Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
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43
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Elosegui-Artola A, Bazellières E, Allen MD, Andreu I, Oria R, Sunyer R, Gomm JJ, Marshall JF, Jones JL, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P. Rigidity sensing and adaptation through regulation of integrin types. Nat Mater 2014; 13:631-7. [PMID: 24793358 PMCID: PMC4031069 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue rigidity regulates processes in development, cancer and wound healing. However, how cells detect rigidity, and thereby modulate their behaviour, remains unknown. Here, we show that sensing and adaptation to matrix rigidity in breast myoepithelial cells is determined by the bond dynamics of different integrin types. Cell binding to fibronectin through either α5β1 integrins (constitutively expressed) or αvβ6 integrins (selectively expressed in cancer and development) adapts force generation, actin flow and integrin recruitment to rigidities associated with healthy or malignant tissue, respectively. In vitro experiments and theoretical modelling further demonstrate that this behaviour is explained by the different binding and unbinding rates of both integrin types to fibronectin. Moreover, rigidity sensing through differences in integrin bond dynamics applies both when integrins bind separately and when they compete for binding to fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence. Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michael D. Allen
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence. Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ion Andreu
- CEIT and TECNUN (University of Navarra). Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Roger Oria
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sunyer
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer J. Gomm
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence. Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - John F. Marshall
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence. Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - J. Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence. Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Authors for correspondence: Pere Roca-Cusachs, PhD, Assistant professor, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia / University of Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona Spain, Tel: (+34) 934 020 863, ; Xavier Trepat, PhD, ICREA Research Professor, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, C/ Baldiri i Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona Spain, Tel: (+34) 934 020 265,
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Authors for correspondence: Pere Roca-Cusachs, PhD, Assistant professor, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia / University of Barcelona, C/ Baldiri i Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona Spain, Tel: (+34) 934 020 863, ; Xavier Trepat, PhD, ICREA Research Professor, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, C/ Baldiri i Reixac, 15-21, 08028, Barcelona Spain, Tel: (+34) 934 020 265,
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44
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Roca-Cusachs P, Sunyer R, Trepat X. Mechanical guidance of cell migration: lessons from chemotaxis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:543-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Meacci G, Stachowiak M, Liu S, Iskratsch T, Mathur A, Wolfenson H, Ghassemi S, Roca-Cusachs P, Tabdanov E, Gauthier N, Gondarenko A, O'Shaughnessy B, Hone J, Sheetz M. Sarcomere-Like Units Contract Cell Edges. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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46
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Abstract
From the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, a network of molecular links connects cells to their environment. Molecules in this network transmit and detect mechanical forces, which subsequently determine cell behavior and fate. Here, we reconstruct the mechanical pathway followed by these forces. From matrix proteins to actin through integrins and adaptor proteins, we review how forces affect the lifetime of bonds and stretch or alter the conformation of proteins, and how these mechanical changes are converted into biochemical signals in mechanotransduction events. We evaluate which of the proteins in the network can participate in mechanotransduction and which are simply responsible for transmitting forces in a dynamic network. Besides their individual properties, we also analyze how the mechanical responses of a protein are determined by their serial connections from the matrix to actin, their parallel connections in integrin clusters and by the rate at which force is applied to them. All these define mechanical molecular pathways in cells, which are emerging as key regulators of cell function alongside better studied biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Roca-Cusachs
- University of Barcelona and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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47
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Lynch CD, Gauthier NC, Biais N, Lazar AM, Roca-Cusachs P, Yu CH, Sheetz MP. Filamin depletion blocks endoplasmic spreading and destabilizes force-bearing adhesions. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1263-73. [PMID: 21325628 PMCID: PMC3198308 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-08-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells severely depleted of filamins were observed to have numerous motility-related defects, including a defect in endoplasmic spreading; smaller, more dynamic focal adhesions; and an inability to sustain high levels of traction force. The endoplasm as a separate mechanical unit spread by pulling forces is also discussed. Cell motility is an essential process that depends on a coherent, cross-linked actin cytoskeleton that physically coordinates the actions of numerous structural and signaling molecules. The actin cross-linking protein, filamin (Fln), has been implicated in the support of three-dimensional cortical actin networks capable of both maintaining cellular integrity and withstanding large forces. Although numerous studies have examined cells lacking one of the multiple Fln isoforms, compensatory mechanisms can mask novel phenotypes only observable by further Fln depletion. Indeed, shRNA-mediated knockdown of FlnA in FlnB–/– mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) causes a novel endoplasmic spreading deficiency as detected by endoplasmic reticulum markers. Microtubule (MT) extension rates are also decreased but not by peripheral actin flow, because this is also decreased in the Fln-depleted system. Additionally, Fln-depleted MEFs exhibit decreased adhesion stability that appears in increased ruffling of the cell edge, reduced adhesion size, transient traction forces, and decreased stress fibers. FlnA–/– MEFs, but not FlnB–/– MEFs, also show a moderate defect in endoplasm spreading, characterized by initial extension followed by abrupt retractions and stress fiber fracture. FlnA localizes to actin linkages surrounding the endoplasm, adhesions, and stress fibers. Thus we suggest that Flns have a major role in the maintenance of actin-based mechanical linkages that enable endoplasmic spreading and MT extension as well as sustained traction forces and mature focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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48
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Moore SW, Roca-Cusachs P, Sheetz MP. Stretchy proteins on stretchy substrates: the important elements of integrin-mediated rigidity sensing. Dev Cell 2010; 19:194-206. [PMID: 20708583 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix and tissue rigidity guides many cellular processes, including the differentiation of stem cells and the migration of cells in health and disease. Cells actively and transiently test rigidity using mechanisms limited by inherent physical parameters that include the strength of extracellular attachments, the pulling capacity on these attachments, and the sensitivity of the mechanotransduction system. Here, we focus on rigidity sensing mediated through the integrin family of extracellular matrix receptors and linked proteins and discuss the evidence supporting these proteins as mechanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon W Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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49
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Roca-Cusachs P, Gauthier NC, del Rio A, Sheetz MP. Clustering of alpha(5)beta(1) integrins determines adhesion strength whereas alpha(v)beta(3) and talin enable mechanotransduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:16245-50. [PMID: 19805288 PMCID: PMC2752568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902818106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A key molecular link between cells and the extracellular matrix is the binding between fibronectin and integrins alpha(5)beta(1) and alpha(v)beta(3). However, the roles of these different integrins in establishing adhesion remain unclear. We tested the adhesion strength of fibronectin-integrin-cytoskeleton linkages by applying physiological nanonewton forces to fibronectin-coated magnetic beads bound to cells. We report that the clustering of fibronectin domains within 40 nm led to integrin alpha(5)beta(1) recruitment, and increased the ability to sustain force by over six-fold. This force was supported by alpha(5)beta(1) integrin clusters. Importantly, we did not detect a role of either integrin alpha(v)beta(3) or talin 1 or 2 in maintaining adhesion strength. Instead, these molecules enabled the connection to the cytoskeleton and reinforcement in response to an applied force. Thus, high matrix forces are primarily supported by clustered alpha(5)beta(1) integrins, while less stable links to alpha(v)beta(3) integrins initiate mechanotransduction, resulting in reinforcement of integrin-cytoskeleton linkages through talin-dependent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027; and
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, c/Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nils C. Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027; and
| | - Armando del Rio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027; and
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027; and
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50
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Abstract
The molecular mechanism by which a mechanical stimulus is translated into a chemical response in biological systems is still unclear. We show that mechanical stretching of single cytoplasmic proteins can activate binding of other molecules. We used magnetic tweezers, total internal reflection fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy to investigate the effect of force on the interaction between talin, a protein that links liganded membrane integrins to the cytoskeleton, and vinculin, a focal adhesion protein that is activated by talin binding, leading to reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Application of physiologically relevant forces caused stretching of single talin rods that exposed cryptic binding sites for vinculin. Thus in the talin-vinculin system, molecular mechanotransduction can occur by protein binding after exposure of buried binding sites in the talin-vinculin system. Such protein stretching may be a more general mechanism for force transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando del Rio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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