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Kosutova N, Lorencova L, Hires M, Jane E, Orovcik L, Kollar J, Kozics K, Gabelova A, Ukraintsev E, Rezek B, Kasak P, Cernocka H, Ostatna V, Blahutova J, Vikartovska A, Bertok T, Tkac J. Negative Charge-Carrying Glycans Attached to Exosomes as Novel Liquid Biopsy Marker. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1128. [PMID: 38400284 PMCID: PMC10892626 DOI: 10.3390/s24041128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer. In this paper, the isolation and properties of exosomes as potential novel liquid biopsy markers for early PCa liquid biopsy diagnosis are investigated using two prostate human cell lines, i.e., benign (control) cell line RWPE1 and carcinoma cell line 22Rv1. Exosomes produced by both cell lines are characterised by various methods including nanoparticle-tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used to study three different receptors on the exosomal surface (CD63, CD81 and prostate-specific membrane antigen-PMSA), implementing monoclonal antibodies and identifying the type of glycans present on the surface of exosomes using lectins (glycan-recognising proteins). Electrochemical analysis is used to understand the interfacial properties of exosomes. The results indicate that cancerous exosomes are smaller, are produced at higher concentrations, and exhibit more nega tive zeta potential than the control exosomes. The SPR experiments confirm that negatively charged α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acid-containing glycans are found in greater abundance on carcinoma exosomes, whereas bisecting and branched glycans are more abundant in the control exosomes. The SPR results also show that a sandwich antibody/exosomes/lectins configuration could be constructed for effective glycoprofiling of exosomes as a novel liquid biopsy marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kosutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Lubomir Orovcik
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9/6319, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kollar
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kozics
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia (A.G.)
| | - Alena Gabelova
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia (A.G.)
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.U.); (B.R.)
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.U.); (B.R.)
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Hana Cernocka
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.)
| | - Veronika Ostatna
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.)
| | - Jana Blahutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
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Lorencova L, Kasak P, Kosutova N, Jerigova M, Noskovicova E, Vikartovska A, Barath M, Farkas P, Tkac J. MXene-based electrochemical devices applied for healthcare applications. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:88. [PMID: 38206460 PMCID: PMC10784403 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The initial part of the review provides an extensive overview about MXenes as novel and exciting 2D nanomaterials describing their basic physico-chemical features, methods of their synthesis, and possible interfacial modifications and techniques, which could be applied to the characterization of MXenes. Unique physico-chemical parameters of MXenes make them attractive for many practical applications, which are shortly discussed. Use of MXenes for healthcare applications is a hot scientific discipline which is discussed in detail. The article focuses on determination of low molecular weight analytes (metabolites), high molecular weight analytes (DNA/RNA and proteins), or even cells, exosomes, and viruses detected using electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Separate chapters are provided to show the potential of MXene-based devices for determination of cancer biomarkers and as wearable sensors and biosensors for monitoring of a wide range of human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Natalia Kosutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Jerigova
- International Laser Center, Slovak Center of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovicova 3, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Noskovicova
- International Laser Center, Slovak Center of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovicova 3, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Barath
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Farkas
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Vrablova V, Kosutova N, Blsakova A, Bertokova A, Kasak P, Bertok T, Tkac J. Glycosylation in extracellular vesicles: Isolation, characterization, composition, analysis and clinical applications. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108196. [PMID: 37307942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of our understanding of the role that glycans play in the formation, loading and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). The capture of EVs (typically with a size of 100-200 nm) is described, including approaches based on glycan recognition with glycan-based analysis offering highly sensitive detection of EVs. Furthermore, detailed information is provided about the use of EV glycans and glycan processing enzymes as potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets or tools applied for regenerative medicine. The review also provides a short introduction into advanced methods for the characterization of EVs, new insights into the biomolecular corona covering EVs and bioanalytical tools available for glycan analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vrablova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Natalia Kosutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Blsakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Glycanostics sro., Kudlakova 7, Bratislava 841 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic; Glycanostics sro., Kudlakova 7, Bratislava 841 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic; Glycanostics sro., Kudlakova 7, Bratislava 841 01, Slovak Republic.
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Yousaf AB, Imran M, Farooq M, Kausar S, Yasmeen S, Kasak P. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Decorated with Zinc-Cadmium Sulfide for Type-II Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2609. [PMID: 37764638 PMCID: PMC10535485 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets with embedded ZnCdS nanoparticles to form a type II heterojunction using a facile synthesis approach, and we used them for photocatalytic H2 production. The morphologies, chemical structure, and optical properties of the obtained g-C3N4-ZnCdS samples were characterized by a battery of techniques, such as TEM, XRD, XPS, and UV-Vis DRS. The as-synthesized g-C3N4-ZnCdS photocatalyst exhibited the highest hydrogen production rate of 108.9 μmol·g-1·h-1 compared to the individual components (g-C3N4: 13.5 μmol·g-1·h-1, ZnCdS: 45.3 μmol·g-1·h-1). The improvement of its photocatalytic activity can mainly be attributed to the heterojunction formation and resulting synergistic effect, which provided more channels for charge carrier migration and reduced the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Meanwhile, the g-C3N4-ZnCdS heterojunction catalyst also showed a higher stability over a number of repeated cycles. Our work provides insight into using g-C3N4 and metal sulfide in combination so as to develop low-cost, efficient, visible-light-active hydrogen production photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Bin Yousaf
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Samaira Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, National Science College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan; (S.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Samina Yasmeen
- Department of Chemistry, National Science College, Satellite Town, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan; (S.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Hailan S, Sobolciak P, Popelka A, Kasak P, Adham S, Krupa I. Complex treatment of oily polluted waters by modified melamine foams: from colloidal emulsions to a free oil removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:97872-97887. [PMID: 37603252 PMCID: PMC10495526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the efficient, low-cost, and scalable treatment of oily polluted waters including colloidal emulsions, oil-in-water mixtures, and free oil removal using melamine foams (MFs) modified by ferric chloride (FeCl3). Modified foams have superhydrophobic character due to the coordination of Fe3+ with free electron pairs on nitrogen and oxygen atoms within the melamine structure. The water contact angles (WCA) were 146° ± 2°, 148° ± 4°, 153° ± 2°, and 150° ± 4° for foams modified by the solutions with concentrations of 0.001 M, 0.005 M, 0.01 M, and 0.02 M, respectively. This modification enables the efficient treatment of various oil/water systems, including oil/water colloidal emulsions (99 vol% of the droplets have dimensions below 500 nm), oil-in-water mixtures up to 40 weight % of the oil component, and "free" oil removal as it was demonstrated in this study for the first time. The emulsions containing 100 ppm diesel oil (DO) were separated with 91.4% efficiency, and the mixtures containing 20 and 40 weight % DO were separated with 99.9% efficiency. Modified foams also quickly remove free DO from the water surface, absorbing 95 g/g DO, whereas water sorption was negligible. The separation of colloidal oil in water emulsions represents the key finding of this study as it indicates the applicability of the treated MFs for the treatment of emulsified industrial wastewater. The demulsification mechanism is based on multiple diffusion processes running at different time scales, including diffusion of the emulsion into the foam and diffusion of oil droplets within the foam, combined with parallel adsorption of oil droplets onto the solid skeleton of the foam. A multiplied usage of these foams for all these niche operations was also proven. The application of our current study with previous studies on modified MFs and polyurethane for water oil separation utilization is summarized in Table S1 ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hailan
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrik Sobolciak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anton Popelka
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samer Adham
- ConocoPhillips Global Water Sustainability Center, Qatar Science, and Technology Park, P. O. Box 24750, Doha, Qatar
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
- Materials Science and Technology Graduate Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Farkas B, Vojtková H, Farkas Z, Pangallo D, Kasak P, Lupini A, Kim H, Urík M, Matúš P. Involvement of Bacterial and Fungal Extracellular Products in Transformation of Manganese-Bearing Minerals and Its Environmental Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119215. [PMID: 37298163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese oxides are considered an essential component of natural geochemical barriers due to their redox and sorptive reactivity towards essential and potentially toxic trace elements. Despite the perception that they are in a relatively stable phase, microorganisms can actively alter the prevailing conditions in their microenvironment and initiate the dissolution of minerals, a process that is governed by various direct (enzymatic) or indirect mechanisms. Microorganisms are also capable of precipitating the bioavailable manganese ions via redox transformations into biogenic minerals, including manganese oxides (e.g., low-crystalline birnessite) or oxalates. Microbially mediated transformation influences the (bio)geochemistry of manganese and also the environmental chemistry of elements intimately associated with its oxides. Therefore, the biodeterioration of manganese-bearing phases and the subsequent biologically induced precipitation of new biogenic minerals may inevitably and severely impact the environment. This review highlights and discusses the role of microbially induced or catalyzed processes that affect the transformation of manganese oxides in the environment as relevant to the function of geochemical barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Farkas
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hana Vojtková
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Farkas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Domenico Pangallo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito snc, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Urík
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Matúš
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Hroncekova S, Lorencova L, Bertok T, Hires M, Jane E, Bučko M, Kasak P, Tkac J. Amperometric Miniaturised Portable Enzymatic Nanobiosensor for the Ultrasensitive Analysis of a Prostate Cancer Biomarker. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030161. [PMID: 36976085 PMCID: PMC10056543 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Screen-printing technology is a game changer in many fields including electrochemical biosensing. Two-dimensional nanomaterial MXene Ti3C2Tx was integrated as a nanoplatform to immobilise enzyme sarcosine oxidase (SOx) onto the interface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). A miniaturised, portable, and cost-effective nanobiosensor was constructed using chitosan as a biocompatible glue for the ultrasensitive detection of prostate cancer biomarker sarcosine. The fabricated device was characterised with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Sarcosine was detected indirectly via the amperometric detection of H2O2 formed during enzymatic reaction. The nanobiosensor could detect sarcosine down to 7.0 nM with a maximal peak current output at 4.10 ± 0.35 × 10−5 A using only 100 µL of a sample per measurement. The assay run in 100 μL of an electrolyte showed the first linear calibration curve in a concentration window of up to 5 μM with a slope of 2.86 μA·μM−1, and the second linear calibration curve in the range of 5–50 μM with a slope of 0.32 ± 0.01 μA·μM−1 (R2 = 0.992). The device provided a high recovery index of 92.5% when measuring an analyte spiked into artificial urine, and could be used for detection of sarcosine in urine for at least a period of 5 weeks after the preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Bučko
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Vrablova V, Blsakova A, Lorencova L, Kollar J, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Tkac J. How to choose proper magnetic particles for bioaffinity interactions? The case for immobilised glyconanoconjugate. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1242:340794. [PMID: 36657889 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an assay for detection of the cancer biomarker Thomsen-nouvelle (Tn) antigen on the ELISA plates format was designed and developed. The effects of size and the interfacial density of the negative charge of magnetic beads (MBs) on the specific sensitivity of the bioaffinity interaction were studied. In particular, glyconanoconjugate, i.e. glycan Tn antigen conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was covalently immobilised on MBs for the bioaffinity detection of anti-Tn antibodies as cancer biomarkers. Six different MBs were used in the study, i.e. carboxy-modified MBs of 250 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm and 2800 nm and epoxy-modified MBs of 2800 nm and 4500 nm. In order to evaluate which MBs are the best suited for detection of the analyte anti-Tn antibodies, sensitivities of detection (slopes from calibration curves) were calculated. Next, specific sensitivities were calculated for each type of MBs as a ratio of sensitivity of detection to the mass of MBs. From zeta potential ζ for each type of MBs, the interfacial charge density on MBs was calculated, expressed as the density of zeta potential ζd (ratio of zeta potential to surface area of MBs, i.e. ζd = ζ/A). Then, we evaluated the effect of size and ζd on the specific sensitivity of detection of anti-Tn antibodies in order to understand the immobilisation process on nanoscale. We also identified an optimal value of ζd on MBs; this was essential to achieve highly sensitive detection of the analyte, which made it possible to attain limit of detection (LOD) of (0.31 ± 0.01) ng mL-1 or (2.10 ± 0.04) pM for analyte detection. In addition, the optimal assay configuration was highly selective and enabled reliable detection of the analyte in human serum with a recovery index in the range of 102-104%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vrablova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Blsakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kollar
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Bin Yousaf A, Hagarová I, Javaid Zaidi S, Kasak P. Single-phase Mn-Fe interfacial oxides nanocomposites encored on carbon nitride sheets exhibited enhanced performance for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Aguedo J, Pakanova Z, Lorencova L, Nemcovic M, Kasak P, Barath M, Farkas P, Tkac J. MXene as a novel cartridge for N-glycan enrichment. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1234:340512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Bhagyaraj S, Al-Ghouti MA, Khan M, Kasak P, Krupa I. Modified os sepiae of Sepiella inermis as a low cost, sustainable, bio-based adsorbent for the effective remediation of boron from aqueous solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:71014-71032. [PMID: 35589901 PMCID: PMC9515050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of boron in low concentration is essential; however, a higher concentration of boron source in water has a toxic effect on humans as well as have retard effect on agricultural plant growth. Thus, the affordable and facile method to remediate water from higher boron concentrations is highly demanded. This report explores the ability of naturally occurring sustainable bio-waste os sepiae (cuttlefish bone, CFB) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of boron from water. Chemical activation of the os sepiae powder was examined to improve the efficiency of boron adsorption. A batch adsorption study for boron considering various parameters such as chemical modification of os sepiae, pH, initial boron concentration, and the temperature was scrutinized. Untreated (CFB), alkali-treated (CFB-D) and acid-treated (CFB-A) os sepiae powders were investigated and the adsorption capacities reached up to 53.8 ± 0.04 mg/g, 66.4 ± 0.02 mg/g and 69.8 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively, at optimal pH 8 and 25 °C. Boron adsorption by CFB, CFB-D, and CFB-A were well fitted with the linear Freundlich adsorption isotherm model with a correlation coefficient of 99.4%, 99.8%, and 99.7% respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of boron by CFB is an exothermic process and more feasible at a lower temperature around 25 °C. Moreover, detailed morphological and chemical characterization of the influence of adsorbed boron on adsorbents was conducted and discussed. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis spectra confirms the involvement of various functional groups including amino, carbonate (CO3)2-, and hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent in the adsorption mechanisms for boron removal. The results indicate that CFB can be an excellent example for the recycling and reuse of biowaste for water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Bhagyaraj
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad A Al-Ghouti
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Khan
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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12
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Hagarová I, Nemček L, Šebesta M, Zvěřina O, Kasak P, Urík M. Preconcentration and Separation of Gold Nanoparticles from Environmental Waters Using Extraction Techniques Followed by Spectrometric Quantification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911465. [PMID: 36232767 PMCID: PMC9570491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in environmental samples at ultratrace concentrations can be accurately performed by sophisticated and pricey analytical methods. This paper aims to challenge the analytical potential and advantages of cheaper and equally reliable alternatives that couple the well-established extraction procedures with common spectrometric methods. We discuss several combinations of techniques that are suitable for separation/preconcentration and quantification of AuNP in complex and challenging aqueous matrices, such as tap, river, lake, brook, mineral, and sea waters, as well as wastewaters. Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been successfully combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), chemiluminescence (CL), and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). The major advantage of this approach is the ability to quantify AuNP of different sizes and coatings in a sample with a volume in the order of milliliters. Small volumes of sample (5 mL), dispersive solvent (50 µL), and extraction agent (70 µL) were reported also for surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SA-DLLME) coupled with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). The limits of detection (LOD) achieved using different combinations of methods as well as enrichment factors (EF) varied greatly, being 0.004–200 ng L−1 and 8–250, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hagarová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Nemček
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Šebesta
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondřej Zvěřina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University in Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Martin Urík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 845 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-9014-9392
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13
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Bin Yousaf A, Kveton F, Blsakova A, Popelka A, Tkac J, Kasak P. Electrochemical surface activation of commercial tungsten carbide for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Zeb A, Sahar S, Lv SY, Yousaf AB, Kasak P, Lin X, Tang Z, Wu Y, Li G, Xu AW. Engineering at Subatomic Scale: Achieving Selective Catalytic Pathways via Tuning of the Oxidation States in Functionalized Single-Atom Quantum Catalysts. Small 2022; 18:e2202522. [PMID: 35896869 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the catalytic pathways of single-atom sites in single atom catalysts (SACs) is an exciting debate at the moment, which has redirected the research towards understanding and modifying the single-atom catalytic sites through various strategies including altering the coordination environment of single atom for desirable outcomes as well as increasing their number. One useful aspect concerning the tunability of the catalytic pathways of SACs, which has been overlooked, is the oxidation state dynamics of the single atoms. In this study, iron single-atoms (FeSA) with variable oxidation states, dependent on the precursors, are harnessed inside a nitrogen-rich functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) matrix via a facile one-step and low-temperature synthesis process. Dynamic electronic properties are imparted to the FeSAs by the simpler carbon dots matrix of CQDs in order to achieve the desired catalytic pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in different environments, which are explored experimentally and theoretically for an in-depth understanding of the redox chemistry that drives the alternative catalytic pathways in FeSA@CQDs. These alternative and oxidation state-dependent catalytic pathways are employed for specific as well as cascade-like activities simulating natural enzymes as well as biomarkers for the detection of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Zeb
- Key Laboratory for Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shafaq Sahar
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yao Lv
- Key Laboratory for Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ammar Bin Yousaf
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Xiaoming Lin
- Key Laboratory for Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhilie Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, School of Physics and Telecommunications Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Key Laboratory for Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - An-Wu Xu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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15
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Gajdosova VP, Lorencova L, Kasak P, Jerigova M, Velic D, Orovcik L, Barath M, Farkas P, Tkac J. Redox features of hexaammineruthenium(III) on MXene modified interface: Three options for affinity biosensing. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1227:340310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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16
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Blšákova A, Květoň F, Lorencová L, Blixt O, Vikartovská A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Amplified suspension magnetic bead-based assay for sensitive detection of anti-glycan antibodies as potential cancer biomarkers. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1195:339444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Hires M, Jane E, Kalavska K, Chovanec M, Mego M, Kasak P, Bertok T, Tkac J. Glycan signatures for the identification of cisplatin‐resistant testicular cancer cell lines: Specific glycoprofiling of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Cancer Med 2022; 11:968-982. [PMID: 35044085 PMCID: PMC8855906 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular cancer (TC) is the most frequent type of cancer among young men aged between 15 and 34 years. TC is treated using cisplatin, but 3%–5% of TC patients fail to respond to cisplatin, with a very bad to fatal prognosis. Accordingly, it is most important to quickly and readily identify those TC patients who are resistant to cisplatin treatment. Methods This study seeks to investigate changes in the glycosylation associated with cisplatin resistance to TC cell lines. Results A specific glycoprofiling of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was analysed in three TC cell lines and one cell line of female origin. A typical calibration curve for hCG glycoprofiling showed a dynamic range up to 50 ng/ml, with a limit of detection of 0.3 ng/ml and assay reproducibility represented by relative standard deviation of 3.0%. Changes in the glycan signatures on hCG were analysed in cisplatin‐sensitive cell lines and in their cisplatin‐resistant sub‐lines using an enzyme‐linked lectin assay (ELLA) protocol. An immobilised antibody was applied to a selective capture of hCG from a cytoplasmic fraction of cell lysates with final incubation using a lectin from a panel of 17 lectins. Conclusion The results suggest that one particular lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) can selectively discriminate sensitive TC cell lines from resistant TC cell lines. Moreover, there are additional lectins which can provide useful information about the strength of cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Translational Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and National Cancer Institute Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and National Cancer Institute Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Translational Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and National Cancer Institute Bratislava Slovakia
- 2nd Department of Oncology Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and National Cancer Institute Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia
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18
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Antunes A, Popelka A, Luyt AS, Mahmoud A, Aljarod OY, Hassan M, Kasak P. Impact of corona and radio-frequency plasma treatment on the degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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Bertok T, Bertokova A, Jane E, Hires M, Aguedo J, Potocarova M, Lukac L, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Borsig L, Tkac J. Identification of Whole-Serum Glycobiomarkers for Colorectal Carcinoma Using Reverse-Phase Lectin Microarray. Front Oncol 2021; 11:735338. [PMID: 34956866 PMCID: PMC8695905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.735338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer among men and women worldwide. Efforts are currently underway to find novel and more cancer-specific biomarkers that could be detected in a non-invasive way. The analysis of aberrant glycosylation of serum glycoproteins is a way to discover novel diagnostic and prognostic CRC biomarkers. The present study investigated a whole-serum glycome with a panel of 16 different lectins in search for age-independent and CRC-specific glycomarkers using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses and glycan heat matrices. Glycosylation changes present in the whole serum were identified, which could lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers for CRC diagnostics. In particular, the change in the bisecting glycans (recognized by Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin) had the highest discrimination potential for CRC diagnostics in combination with human L selectin providing area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.989 (95% CI 0.950-1.000), specificity of 1.000, sensitivity of 0.900, and accuracy of 0.960. We also implemented novel tools for identification of lectins with strong discrimination power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juvissan Aguedo
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ludovit Lukac
- University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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20
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Padmanabhan AC, Han DS, Zavahir S, Tkac J, Kasak P. Tandem Osmotic Engine Based on Hydrogel Particles with Antipolyelectrolyte and Polyelectrolyte Effect Fuelled by Both Salinity Gradient Modes. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040232. [PMID: 34940292 PMCID: PMC8701980 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we propose a new approach to attain energy by salinity gradient engines with pistons based on hydrogels possessing polyelectrolyte and antipolyelectrolyte effects in a tandem arrangement, providing energy in each salinity gradient mode in a repeatable manner. The swelling of hydrogel with a polyelectrolyte effect and shrinking of hydrogel particles possessing an antipolyelectrolyte effect in desalinated water, and subsequent shrinking of hydrogel with polyelectrolyte and swelling of hydrogel antipolyelectrolyte effect in saline water, generate power in both increasing and decreasing salinity modes. To investigate the energy recovery, we scrutinized osmotic engine assemblies by a setup arrangement of pistons with hydrogel particles, with polyelectrolyte and antipolyelectrolyte effects, in tandem. The energy recovery from the tandem engine setup (calculated based on dry form for each polyelectrolyte polyacrylate-based hydrogel-SPA) and antipolyelectrolyte–sulfobetaine-based gel with methacrylate polymeric backbone-SBE) up to 581 J kg−1 and a mean power of 0.16 W kg−1 was obtained by the tandem setup of SPA and SBE hydrogel containing 3% crosslinking density and particle size of 500 microns with an external load of 3.0 kPa. Exchange of sulfobetaine with methacrylamide (SBAm), the main polymer backbone, revealed a positive increase in energy recovery of 670 J kg−1 with a mean power of 0.19 W kg−1 for the tandem system operating under the same parameters (SPA@SBAm). The energy recovery can be controlled, modulated and tuned by selecting both hydrogels with antipolyelectrolyte and polyelectrolyte effects and their performing parameters. This proof of concept provides blue energy harvesting by contributing both polyelectrolyte and antipolyelectrolyte effects in a single tandem setup; together with easy accessibility (diaper-based materials (SPA)) and known antibiofouling, these properties offer a robust alternative for energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Suk Han
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.C.P.); (D.S.H.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Sifani Zavahir
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.C.P.); (D.S.H.); (S.Z.)
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (A.C.P.); (D.S.H.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-5674
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21
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Radwan AB, Paramparambath S, Cabibihan JJ, Al-Ali AK, Kasak P, Shakoor RA, Malik RA, Mansour SA, Sadasivuni KK. Superior Non-Invasive Glucose Sensor Using Bimetallic CuNi Nanospecies Coated Mesoporous Carbon. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11110463. [PMID: 34821679 PMCID: PMC8615784 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of blood glucose levels is necessary for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. The accurate quantification of serum or plasma glucose relies on enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods utilizing electrochemical biosensors. Current research efforts are focused on enhancing the non-invasive detection of glucose in sweat with accuracy, high sensitivity, and stability. In this work, nanostructured mesoporous carbon coupled with glucose oxidase (GOx) increased the direct electron transfer to the electrode surface. A mixed alloy of CuNi nanoparticle-coated mesoporous carbon (CuNi-MC) was synthesized using a hydrothermal process followed by annealing at 700 °C under the flow of argon gas. The prepared catalyst's crystal structure and morphology were explored using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the as-prepared catalyst was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry. The findings show an excellent response time of 4 s and linear range detection from 0.005 to 0.45 mM with a high electrode sensitivity of 11.7 ± 0.061 mA mM cm-2 in a selective medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bahgat Radwan
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (P.K.); (R.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.R.); (K.K.S.)
| | - Sreedevi Paramparambath
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (P.K.); (R.A.S.)
| | - John-John Cabibihan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Abdulaziz Khalid Al-Ali
- Department of Computer Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
- KINDI Center for Computing Research, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (P.K.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rana A. Shakoor
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (P.K.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rayaz A. Malik
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Said A. Mansour
- Qatar Energy and Environment Research Institute, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (S.P.); (P.K.); (R.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.R.); (K.K.S.)
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22
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Bertok T, Pinkova Gajdosova V, Bertokova A, Svecova N, Kasak P, Tkac J. Breast cancer glycan biomarkers: their link to tumour cell metabolism and their perspectives in clinical practice. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:881-910. [PMID: 34711108 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1996231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common cancer type diagnosed in women and 5th most common cause of deaths among all cancer deaths despite the fact that screening program is at place. This is why novel diagnostics approaches are needed in order to decrease number of BCa cases and disease mortality. AREAS COVERED In this review paper, we aim to cover some basic aspects regarding cellular metabolism and signalling in BCa behind altered glycosylation. We also discuss novel exciting discoveries regarding glycan-based analysis, which can provide useful information for better understanding of the disease. The final part deals with clinical usefulness of glycan-based biomarkers and the clinical performance of such biomarkers is compared to already approved BCa biomarkers and diagnostic tools based on imaging. EXPERT OPINION Recent discoveries suggest that glycan-based biomarkers offer high accuracy for possible BCa diagnostics in blood, but also for better monitoring and management of BCa patients. The review article was written using Web of Science search engine to include articles published between 2019 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Glycanostics Ltd., Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Pinkova Gajdosova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Natalia Svecova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Glycanostics Ltd., Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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23
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Maurya MR, Onthath H, Morsy H, Riyaz NUSS, Ibrahim M, Ahmed AE, Abuznad R, Alruwaili A, Alsaedi F, Kasak P, Sadasivuni KK. Colorimetry-Based Detection of Nitric Oxide from Exhaled Breath for Quantification of Oxidative Stress in Human Body. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9081055. [PMID: 34442192 PMCID: PMC8391997 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring exhaled breath is a safe, noninvasive method for determining the health status of the human body. Most of the components in our exhaled breath can act as health biomarkers, and they help in providing information about various diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) is one such important biomarker in exhaled breath that indicates oxidative stress in our body. This work presents a simple and noninvasive quantitative analysis approach for detecting NO from exhaled breath. The sensing is based on the colorimetric assisted detection of NO by m-Cresol Purple, Bromophenol Blue, and Alizaringelb dye. The sensing performance of the dye was analyzed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The study covers various sampling conditions like the pH effect, temperature effect, concentration effect, and selective nature of the dye. The m-Cresol Purple dye exhibited a high sensitivity towards NO with a detection limit of ~0.082 ppm in the linear range of 0.002-0.5 ppm. Moreover, the dye apprehended a high degree of selectivity towards other biocompounds present in the breath, and no possible interfering cross-reaction from these species was observed. The dye offered a high sensitivity, selectivity, fast response, and stability, which benchmark its potential for NO sensing. Further, m-Cresol Purple dye is suitable for NO sensing from the exhaled breath and can assist in quantifying oxidative stress levels in the body for the possible detection of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muni Raj Maurya
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Haseena Onthath
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Hagar Morsy
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
- College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Najam-US-Sahar Riyaz
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
- College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muna Ibrahim
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
- College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Alaa Elsafi Ahmed
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
- College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Raghad Abuznad
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
- College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Aeshah Alruwaili
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
- College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Fatimatulzahraa Alsaedi
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
- College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (M.R.M.); (H.O.); (H.M.); (N.-U.-S.R.); (M.I.); (A.E.A.); (R.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Luyt AS, Antunes A, Popelka A, Mahmoud A, Hassan MK, Kasak P. Effect of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and titanium (
IV
) dioxide content on the
UV
and hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Antunes
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Anton Popelka
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | | | | | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
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25
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Kollár J, Popelka A, Tkac J, Žabka M, Mosnáček J, Kasak P. Sulfobetaine-based polydisulfides with tunable upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in water alcohols mixture, depolymerization kinetics and surface wettability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:196-208. [PMID: 33387822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Synthesis of a new family of polymers having a polydisulfide structure can be conducted from sulfobetaine-based derivative of natural (R)-lipoic acid. A polydisulfide backbone of polymer can be depolymerized by response to external stimuli and sulfobetaine pendant groups ensure the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behaviour temperatures that can be modulated according to the nature of the solvent and concentration. EXPERIMENTS Sulfobetaine-bearing polydisulfides were synthesized from dithiolane derivatives and then characterized. UCST behavior of the polymers in water and in mixtures containing different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) was investigated. The regeneration of monomers from the polymers in response to external stimuli was examined using UV-vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Tunable surface wettability were shown on the grafted polymers. FINDINGS Decreasing polarity and/or increasing alcohol percentage in the water mixtures induced an increase in the cloud points of the polymers in the solutions. Thermoresponsive behaviour were repeatable and fully reversible with negligible hysteresis from aggregate to unimer state. The regeneration of monomers by depolymerization was tunable by temperature and sunlight. A thickness dependence on surface wettability was observed on wafers covalently modified with polydisulfides. This is the first report of sulfobetaine-based polydisulfides showing tunable UCST behavior and surface wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kollár
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Anton Popelka
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Matej Žabka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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26
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Abdulkareem A, Popelka A, Sobolčiak P, Tanvir A, Ouederni M, AlMaadeed MA, Kasak P, Adham S, Krupa I. The Separation of Emulsified Water/Oil Mixtures through Adsorption on Plasma-Treated Polyethylene Powder. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14051086. [PMID: 33652617 PMCID: PMC7956264 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses the preparation and characterization of efficient adsorbents for tertiary treatment (oil content below 100 ppm) of oil/water emulsions. Powdered low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was modified by radio-frequency plasma discharge and then used as a medium for the treatment of emulsified diesel oil/water mixtures in the concentration range from 75 ppm to 200 ppm. Plasma treatment significantly increased the wettability of the LDPE powder, which resulted in enhanced sorption capability of the oil component from emulsions in comparison to untreated powder. Emulsions formed from distilled water and commercial diesel oil (DO) with concentrations below 200 ppm were used as a model of oily polluted water. The emulsions were prepared using ultrasonication without surfactant. The droplet size was directly proportional to sonication time and ranged from 135 nm to 185 nm. A sonication time of 20 min was found to be sufficient to prepare stable emulsions with an average droplet size of approximately 150 nm. The sorption tests were realized in a batch system. The effect of contact time and initial oil concentrations were studied under standard atmospheric conditions at a stirring speed of 340 rpm with an adsorbent particle size of 500 microns. The efficiency of the plasma-treated LDPE powder in oil removal was found to be dependent on the initial oil concentration. It decreased from 96.7% to 79.5% as the initial oil concentration increased from 75 ppm to 200 ppm. The amount of adsorbed oil increased with increasing contact time. The fastest adsorption was observed during the first 30 min of treatment. The adsorption kinetics for emulsified oils onto sorbent followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Abdulkareem
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (A.A.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (A.T.); (M.A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Anton Popelka
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (A.A.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (A.T.); (M.A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Patrik Sobolčiak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (A.A.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (A.T.); (M.A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Aisha Tanvir
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (A.A.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (A.T.); (M.A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Mabrouk Ouederni
- QAPCO R&D–Qatar Petrochemical Company, P.O. Box 756 Doha, Qatar;
| | - Mariam A. AlMaadeed
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (A.A.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (A.T.); (M.A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (A.A.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (A.T.); (M.A.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Samer Adham
- GWSC-ConocoPhillips, Qatar Science & Technology Park, Tech 2 Building, No.109, P.O. Box 24750 Doha, Qatar;
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (A.A.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (A.T.); (M.A.A.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Khavlyuk PD, Stepanidenko EA, Bondarenko DP, Danilov DV, Koroleva AV, Baranov AV, Maslov VG, Kasak P, Fedorov AV, Ushakova EV, Rogach AL. The influence of thermal treatment conditions (solvothermal versus microwave) and solvent polarity on the morphology and emission of phloroglucinol-based nitrogen-doped carbon dots. Nanoscale 2021; 13:3070-3078. [PMID: 33522554 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07852b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of chemically synthesized carbon dots (CDs) can be widely tuned via doping and surface modification with heteroatoms such as nitrogen, which results in a range of potential applications. Herein, two most commonly used synthesis approaches, namely, solvothermal and microwave-assisted thermal treatments, have been used for the preparation of CDs from phloroglucinol using three different nitrogen containing solvents, namely, ethylenediamine, dimethylformamide, and formamide. Based on the analysis of the morphology and optical properties, we demonstrate the tenability of the CD appearance from amorphous or well-carbonized spherical particles to onion-like ones, which is controlled by solvent polarity, whereas the thermal treatment conditions mostly influence the degree of N-doping and the nature of emissive centers of CDs formed. The findings of this study expand the toolkit of the available CDs with variable morphology and energy structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel D Khavlyuk
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
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28
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29
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Antunes A, Luyt AS, Popelka A, Mahmoud A, Aljarod O, Hassan MK, Kasak P. Influence of accelerated weathering on the physical and structural properties of poly(lactic-acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PLA/PHBV) blends. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2021.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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30
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Yahia HB, Sabri S, Essehli R, Kasak P, Drogosz-Stachowicz J, Janecka A, El Bali B. Crystal Growth, Single Crystal Structure, and Biological Activity of Thiazolo-Pyridine Dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives. ACS Omega 2020; 5:27756-27765. [PMID: 33163758 PMCID: PMC7643073 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four novel TPDCA derivatives were prepared via a supersaturation method combining TPDCA with water, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Na(PO2H2), and ammonia solution: 2(C9H7NO5S)H2O (1), (C9H7NO5S)C5H9NO (2), (C9H7NO5S)Na(PO2H2) (3), and (C9H5NO5S)(NH4)2(H2O) (4). Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds (1) and (2) crystallize in the monoclinic space groups P21 and P21/c, respectively, whereas compounds (3) and (4) crystallize in the triclinic space group P1̅. Weak and moderate hydrogen bonds were detected in the four compounds. In the biological tests, (1) and (3) exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; in addition, (1) was cytotoxic against leukemia HL-60 cells with the IC50 value of 158.5 ± 12.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Ben Yahia
- Qatar
Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI 2.0), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Souhir Sabri
- Qatar
Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI 2.0), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Rachid Essehli
- Energy
and Transportation Science Division, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831-2008 Tennessee, United States
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre
for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Joanna Drogosz-Stachowicz
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University
of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department
of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University
of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Brahim El Bali
- Independent
scientist, LMSAC, Po. Box 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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31
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Bertok T, Jane E, Chrenekova N, Hroncekova S, Bertokova A, Hires M, Vikartovska A, Kubanikova P, Sokol R, Fillo J, Kasak P, Borsig L, Tkac J. Analysis of serum glycome by lectin microarrays for prostate cancer patients - a search for aberrant glycoforms. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:703-711. [PMID: 33119808 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first work focused on glycoprofiling of whole N- and O- glycome using lectins in an array format applied for analysis of serum samples from healthy individuals, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Lectin microarray was prepared using traditional lectins with the incorporation of 2 recombinant bacterial lectins and 3 human lectins (17 lectins in total). Clinical validation of glycans as biomarkers was done in two studies: discrimination of healthy individuals with BPH patients vs. PCa patients (C vs. PCa) and discrimination of healthy individuals vs. BPH and PCa patients (H vs. PCond). Single lectins (17 lectins) and a combination of two lectins (136 binary lectin combinations) were applied in the clinical validation of glycan biomarkers providing 153 AUC values from ROC curves for both studies (C vs. PCa and H vs. PCond). Potential N- and O-glycans as biomarkers were identified and possible carriers of these glycans are shortly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia.,Glycanostics, Ltd, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Chrenekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia
| | - Petra Kubanikova
- Private Urological Ambulance, Piaristicka 6, 911 01, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Roman Sokol
- Private Urological Ambulance, Piaristicka 6, 911 01, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Fillo
- University Hospital Bratislava, Mickiewiczova 13, 81107, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia. .,Glycanostics, Ltd, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovakia.
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32
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Lorencova L, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Jerigova M, Velic D, Sobolciak P, Krupa I, Kasak P, Tkac J. Electrochemical Investigation of Interfacial Properties of Ti 3C 2T x MXene Modified by Aryldiazonium Betaine Derivatives. Front Chem 2020; 8:553. [PMID: 32793549 PMCID: PMC7393994 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For efficient and effective utilization of MXene such as biosensing or advanced applications, interfacial modification of MXene needs to be considered. To this end, we describe modification of Ti3C2Tx MXene by aryldiazonium-based grafting with derivatives bearing a sulfo- (SB) or carboxy- (CB) betaine pendant moiety. Since MXene contains free electrons, betaine derivatives could be grafted to MXene spontaneously. Kinetics of spontaneous grafting of SB and CB toward MXene was electrochemically examined in two different ways, and such experiments confirmed much quicker spontaneous SB grafting compared to spontaneous CB grafting. Moreover, a wide range of electrochemical methods investigating non-Faradaic and Faradaic redox behavior also in the presence of two redox probes together with contact-angle measurements and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) confirmed substantial differences in formation and interfacial presentation of betaine layers, when spontaneously grafted on MXene. Besides spontaneous grafting of CB and SB toward MXene, also electrochemical grafting by a redox trigger was performed. Results suggest that electrochemical grafting provides a denser layer of SB and CB on the MXene interface compared to spontaneous grafting of SB and CB. Moreover, an electrochemically grafted SB layer offers much lower interfacial resistance and an electrochemically active surface area compared to an electrochemically grafted CB layer. Thus, by adjusting the SB/CB ratio in the solution during electrochemical grafting, it is possible to effectively tune the redox behavior of an MXene-modified interface. Finally, electrochemically grafted CB and SB layers on MXene were evaluated against non-specific protein binding and compared to the anti-fouling behavior of an unmodified MXene interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Jerigova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- International Laser Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Velic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- International Laser Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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33
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Gajdosova V, Lorencova L, Kasak P, Tkac J. Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarkers. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4022. [PMID: 32698389 PMCID: PMC7412172 DOI: 10.3390/s20144022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review paper describes recent advances made in the field of electrochemical nanobiosensors for the detection of breast cancer (BC) biomarkers such as specific genes, microRNA, proteins, circulating tumor cells, BC cell lines, and exosomes or exosome-derived biomarkers. Besides the description of key functional characteristics of electrochemical nanobiosensors, the reader can find basic statistic information about BC incidence and mortality, breast pathology, and current clinically used BC biomarkers. The final part of the review is focused on challenges that need to be addressed in order to apply electrochemical nanobiosensors in a clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (L.L.)
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34
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Abstract
This review paper comprehensively summarizes advances made in the design of glycan nanobiosensors using diverse forms of nanomaterials. In particular, the paper covers the application of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanoparticles, hybrid types of nanoparticles, proteins as nanoscaffolds and various nanoscale-based approaches to designing such nanoscale probes. The article covers innovative immobilization strategies for the conjugation of glycans on nanoparticles. Summaries of the detection schemes applied, the analytes detected and the key operational characteristics of such nanobiosensors are provided in the form of tables for each particular type of nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kveton
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Blsakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.K.); (A.B.)
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Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Hires M, Jane E, Lorencova L, Vikartovska A, Tanvir A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Ultrasensitive Ti 3C 2T X MXene/Chitosan Nanocomposite-Based Amperometric Biosensor for Detection of Potential Prostate Cancer Marker in Urine Samples. Processes (Basel) 2020; 8:580. [PMID: 33304843 PMCID: PMC7116456 DOI: 10.3390/pr8050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered nanomaterial Ti3C2TX (a member of the MXene family) was used to immobilise enzyme sarcosine oxidase to fabricate a nanostructured biosensor. The device was applied for detection of sarcosine, a potential prostate cancer biomarker, in urine for the first time. The morphology and structures of MXene have been characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical measurements, SEM and AFM analysis revealed that MXene interfaced with chitosan is an excellent support for enzyme immobilisation to fabricate a sensitive biosensor exhibiting a low detection limit of 18 nM and a linear range up to 7.8 µM. The proposed biosensing method also provides a short response time of 2 s and high recovery index of 102.6% for detection of sarcosine spiked into urine sample in a clinically relevant range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Aisha Tanvir
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. BOX 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. BOX 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
- Correspondence:
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Lorencova L, Bertok T, Bertokova A, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
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Lorencova L, Bertok T, Bertokova A, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Front Cover: Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes (ChemElectroChem 9/2020). ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
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Lorencova L, Bertok T, Bertokova A, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Exosomes as a Source of Cancer Biomarkers: Advances in Electrochemical Biosensing of Exosomes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Aniko Bertokova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
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Kálosi A, Labudová M, Annušová A, Benkovičová M, Bodík M, Kollár J, Kotlár M, Kasak P, Jergel M, Pastoreková S, Siffalovic P, Majkova E. A bioconjugated MoS2 based nanoplatform with increased binding efficiency to cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1973-1980. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01975h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preparation and study of a MoS2 nanosheet based nanoplatform for a cancer detection and treatment system equipped with an antibody–antigen based recognition element.
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Abstract
Introduction: The review provides a comprehensive overview about applicability of serological detection of autoantibodies against aberrant glycans as cancer biomarkers.Areas covered: Clinical usefulness of autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers is discussed for seven types of cancers with sensitivity and specificity of such biomarkers provided. Moreover, an option of using serological antibodies against a non-natural form of sialic acid - N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is taken into our bodies together with red meat, as a potential cancer biomarker is discussed shortly as well.Expert opinion: In the final part of the review, we discuss what measures need to be applied for selective implementation of autoantibody assays into a clinical practice. Moreover, we discuss key challenges ahead for reliable and robust detection of autoantibodies against aberrant glycans as biomarkers for disease diagnostics and for stratification of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Blsakova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Filip Kveton
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kasak P, Danko M, Zavahir S, Mrlik M, Xiong Y, Yousaf AB, Lai WF, Krupa I, Tkac J, Rogach AL. Identification of Molecular Fluorophore as a Component of Carbon Dots able to Induce Gelation in a Fluorescent Multivalent-Metal-Ion-Free Alginate Hydrogel. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15080. [PMID: 31636324 PMCID: PMC6803645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a simple approach to fabricate fluorescent multivalent metal ion-free alginate hydrogels, which can be produced using carbon dots accessible from natural sources (citric acid and L-cysteine). Molecular fluorophore 5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-[1,3]-thiazolo[3,2-a] pyridine-3,7-dicarboxylic acid (TPDCA), which is formed during the synthesis of carbon dots, is identified as a key segment for the crosslinking of hydrogels. The crosslinking happens through dynamic complexation of carboxylic acid groups of TPDCA and alginate cages along with sodium ions. The TPDCA derived hydrogels are investigated regarding to their thermal, rheological and optical properties, and found to exhibit characteristic fluorescence of this aggregated molecular fluorophore. Moreover, gradient hydrogels with tunable mechanical and optical properties and controlled release are obtained upon immersion of the hydrogel reactors in solutions of divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+) with a higher affinity to alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Martin Danko
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sifani Zavahir
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Ammar Bin Yousaf
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong.
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Lorencova L, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Blahutova J, Vikartovska A, Parrakova L, Gemeiner P, Kasak P, Tkac J. Cover Feature: 2D MXenes as Perspective Immobilization Platforms for Design of Electrochemical Nanobiosensors (Electroanalysis 10/2019). ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201981003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Blahutova
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Parrakova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Pavol Gemeiner
- Faculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
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Bertok T, Lorencova L, Hroncekova S, Gajdosova V, Jane E, Hires M, Kasak P, Kaman O, Sokol R, Bella V, Eckstein AA, Mosnacek J, Vikartovska A, Tkac J. Synthesis and characterization of Au nanoshells with a magnetic core and betaine derivatives. MethodsX 2019; 6:1999-2012. [PMID: 31667097 PMCID: PMC6812350 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The article describes preparation, characterization and further modification of hybrid magnetic particles (Au nanoshells with a magnetic core (MPs@silica@Au)) by zwitterionic molecules bearing diazonium functional groups. Such hybrid magnetic particles modified by zwitterionic molecules exhibit the following features: Responsiveness towards external magnetic field applicable for various enrichment strategies due to magnetic core; Golden outer layer exhibiting free surface plasmons could be used for grafting of zwitterionic molecules via diazonium functionality; Zwitterionic interface on such particles provides resistivity towards non-specific protein binding; and at the same time such interface was applied for immobilization of antibodies against prostate specific antigen (PSA) applied for selective enrichment of PSA from serum samples with subsequent electrochemical assays.
The approach presented here using hybrid magnetic particles can be easily applied for immobilization of antibodies using a highly robust surface patterning protocols i.e. by formation of a self-assembled monolayer with delivery of functional groups on the outer surface of magnetic particles. Hybrid magnetic particles with immobilized antibodies are applied for highly efficient and quick separation of protein of interest i.e. PSA from complex sample. Finally, hybrid magnetic particles with “fished-out” protein molecules could be incubated with lectins to form a sandwich configuration for glycoprofiling of PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic.,Glycanostics Ltd., Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic.,Glycanostics Ltd., Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ondrej Kaman
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sokol
- Private Urological Ambulance, Piaristicka 6, Trencin 911 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimir Bella
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Heydukova 10, Bratislava 812 50, Slovak Republic
| | - Anita Andicsova Eckstein
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mosnacek
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic.,Glycanostics Ltd., Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
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Yousaf AB, Khan R, Zeb A, Zaidi SJ, Kasak P. Binary cobalt-iron oxides magnetic nanocomposites embedded porous carbon lawn with inherent N doping as promising electrode material for supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zavahir S, Krupa I, AlMaadeed SA, Tkac J, Kasak P. Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels in Engines Based on the Antipolyelectrolyte Effect and Driven by the Salinity Gradient. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:9260-9268. [PMID: 31240919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose and investigate an original approach to energy conversion based on polyzwitterionic hydrogels, which exhibit an antipolyelectrolyte effect that enables them to swell in salt water and shrink in water of a different (i.e., desalinated water) salinity. The swelling and shrinking processes run cyclically and can move a piston up or down reversibly, thus transforming the antipolyelectrolyte effect into a mechanical force based on the salinity gradient. This phenomenon makes polyzwitterionic hydrogels suitable for use in a smart, polymeric engine. We apply this approach to investigate energy recovery from a polysulfobetaine-based hydrogel. The cross-linking density, external load, particle size, and repeatability of energy recoverability of hydrogels are examined. The maximum energy recovery from 0.4 g of hydrogel in feed (calculated based on dry form) of 102 mJ/kg was obtained by a hydrogel with a 3% cross-linking density, a 200-300 μm particle size, and 100 g external load. Excellent reproducibility of engine cycles was achieved over 10 cycles. This concept is complementary to the osmotic engine concept based on a polyelectrolyte hydrogel. In addition, polyzwitterionic materials have become a benchmark material for preventing biofouling, and the swelling properties of such materials can be further modulated and tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifani Zavahir
- Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , P.O. Box 2713, Doha , Qatar
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , P.O. Box 2713, Doha , Qatar
| | - Sumaya A AlMaadeed
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Qatar University , P.O. Box 2713, Doha , Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravska Cesta 9 , Bratislava 845 38 , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , P.O. Box 2713, Doha , Qatar
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Lorencova L, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Blahutova J, Vikartovska A, Parrakova L, Gemeiner P, Kasak P, Tkac J. 2D MXenes as Perspective Immobilization Platforms for Design of Electrochemical Nanobiosensors. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Blahutova
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Parrakova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Pavol Gemeiner
- Faculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of Technology in Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar University P.O. Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 Bratislava 845 38 Slovak Republic
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Tkac J, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Hires M, Jane E, Lorencova L, Kasak P. Prostate-specific antigen glycoprofiling as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of prostate cancer. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180077. [PMID: 30842876 PMCID: PMC6388024 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial part of this review details the controversy behind the use of a serological level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the diagnostics of prostate cancer (PCa). Novel biomarkers are in demand for PCa diagnostics, outperforming traditional PSA tests. The review provides a detailed and comprehensive summary that PSA glycoprofiling can effectively solve this problem, thereby considerably reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies. In addition, PSA glycoprofiling can serve as a prognostic PCa biomarker to identify PCa patients with an aggressive form of PCa, avoiding unnecessary further treatments which are significantly life altering (incontinence or impotence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Glycanostics Ltd, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Glycanostics Ltd, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Glycanostics Ltd, Dubravska cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Bertok T, Lorencova L, Chocholova E, Jane E, Vikartovska A, Kasak P, Tkac J. Cover Feature: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Based Biosensors: Mechanistic Principles, Analytical Examples and Challenges towards Commercialization for Assays of Protein Cancer Biomarkers (ChemElectroChem 4/2019). ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institution of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institution of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Erika Chocholova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institution of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Eduard Jane
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institution of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institution of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology Institution of ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Dubravska cesta 9 845 38 Bratislava Slovakia
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Danko M, Kroneková Z, Mrlik M, Osicka J, Bin Yousaf A, Mihálová A, Tkac J, Kasak P. Sulfobetaines Meet Carboxybetaines: Modulation of Thermo- and Ion-Responsivity, Water Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Cell Adhesion. Langmuir 2019; 35:1391-1403. [PMID: 30134095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A procedure for the preparation of copolymers bearing sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine methacrylic-based monomers by free-radical polymerization is described and discussed. A combination of monomers affects the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in water and in the presence of a simple NaCl electrolyte while retaining the zwitterionic character. In addition, hydrogel samples were prepared and showed tunable water structure and mechanical properties. The total nonfreezable water content decreases with the amount of carboxybetaine segment in the hydrogel feed and the compression moduli were in a range of 0.7-1.6 MPa. Responses to external conditions such as temperature and ion strength were investigated and a potential application such as modulated thermal detection is proposed. The presence of the carboxylate group in the carboxybetaine segment enables a small fluorescence probe and peptide bearing RDG motif to be attached to polymer and hydrogel samples, respectively. The hydrogel samples functionalized with the RGD motif exhibit controlled cell adhesion. Such synthetic strategy based on combination of different zwitterionic segments offers a simple pathway for the development of zwitterionic materials with programmable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Danko
- Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , P.O. Box 2713, Doha , Qatar
- Polymer Institute , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 84541 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Kroneková
- Polymer Institute , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 84541 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute , Tomas Bata University in Zlin , Trida T, Bati 5678 , 76001 , Zlin , Czech Republic
| | - Josef Osicka
- Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , P.O. Box 2713, Doha , Qatar
| | - Ammar Bin Yousaf
- Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , P.O. Box 2713, Doha , Qatar
| | - Andrea Mihálová
- Polymer Institute , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 84541 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Dúbravská cesta 9 , 84538 Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials , Qatar University , P.O. Box 2713, Doha , Qatar
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50
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Bertok T, Lorencova L, Hroncekova S, Gajdosova V, Jane E, Hires M, Kasak P, Kaman O, Sokol R, Bella V, Eckstein AA, Mosnacek J, Vikartovska A, Tkac J. Advanced impedimetric biosensor configuration and assay protocol for glycoprofiling of a prostate oncomarker using Au nanoshells with a magnetic core. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 131:24-29. [PMID: 30798249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper several advances were implemented for glycoprofiling of prostate specific antigen (PSA), what can be applied for better prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics in the future: 1) application of Au nanoshells with a magnetic core (MP@silica@Au); 2) use of surface plasmons of Au nanoshells with a magnetic core for spontaneous immobilization of zwitterionic molecules via diazonium salt grafting; 3) a double anti-fouling strategy with integration of zwitterionic molecules on Au surface and on MP@silica@Au particles was implemented to resist non-specific protein binding; 4) application of anti-PSA antibody modified Au nanoshells with a magnetic core for enrichment of PSA from a complex matrix of a human serum; 5) direct incubation of anti-PSA modified MP@silica@Au with affinity bound PSA to the lectin modified electrode surface. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) signal was enhanced 43 times integrating Au nanoshells with a magnetic core compared to the biosensor without them. This proof-of-concept study shows that the biosensor could detect PSA down to 1.2 fM and at the same time to glycoprofile such low PSA concentration using a lectin patterned biosensor device. The biosensor offers a recovery index of 108%, when serum sample was spiked with a physiological concentration of PSA (3.5 ng mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic; Glycanostics Ltd., Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic; Glycanostics Ltd., Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Stefania Hroncekova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Gajdosova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ondrej Kaman
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10/112, Prague 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sokol
- Private Urological Ambulance, Piaristicka 6, Trencin 911 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimir Bella
- St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Heydukova 10, Bratislava 812 50, Slovak Republic
| | - Anita Andicsova Eckstein
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mosnacek
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic; Glycanostics Ltd., Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 38, Slovak Republic.
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