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Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Allen A, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Archuleta TN, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Arsenlis A, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AAS, Aybar N, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger RL, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Boyle D, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs R, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman TD, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christiansen NS, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins GW, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Danly C, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Do A, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, Drury O, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Durocher M, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Fehrenbach T, Feit M, Felker B, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geddes CGR, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani FR, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Higginson DP, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins LF, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, Howell L, Hsing WW, Hu SX, Huang H, Huckins J, Hui H, Humbird KD, Hund J, Hunt J, Hurricane OA, Hutton M, Huynh KHK, Inandan L, Iglesias C, Igumenshchev IV, Ivanovich I, Izumi N, Jackson M, Jackson J, Jacobs SD, James G, Jancaitis K, Jarboe J, Jarrott LC, Jasion D, Jaquez J, Jeet J, Jenei AE, Jensen J, Jimenez J, Jimenez R, Jobe D, Johal Z, Johns HM, Johnson D, Johnson MA, Gatu Johnson M, Johnson RJ, Johnson S, Johnson SA, Johnson T, Jones K, Jones O, Jones M, Jorge R, Jorgenson HJ, Julian M, Jun BI, Jungquist R, Kaae J, Kabadi N, Kaczala D, Kalantar D, Kangas K, Karasiev VV, Karasik M, Karpenko V, Kasarky A, Kasper K, Kauffman R, Kaufman MI, Keane C, Keaty L, Kegelmeyer L, Keiter PA, Kellett PA, Kellogg J, Kelly JH, Kemic S, Kemp AJ, Kemp GE, Kerbel GD, Kershaw D, Kerr SM, Kessler TJ, Key MH, Khan SF, Khater H, Kiikka C, Kilkenny J, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kimko J, Kimmel M, Kindel JM, King J, Kirkwood RK, Klaus L, Klem D, Kline JL, Klingmann J, Kluth G, Knapp P, Knauer J, Knipping J, Knudson M, Kobs D, Koch J, Kohut T, Kong C, Koning JM, Koning P, Konior S, Kornblum H, Kot LB, Kozioziemski B, Kozlowski M, Kozlowski PM, Krammen J, Krasheninnikova NS, Krauland CM, Kraus B, Krauser W, Kress JD, Kritcher AL, Krieger E, Kroll JJ, Kruer WL, Kruse MKG, Kucheyev S, Kumbera M, Kumpan S, Kunimune J, Kur E, Kustowski B, Kwan TJT, Kyrala GA, Laffite S, Lafon M, LaFortune K, Lagin L, Lahmann B, Lairson B, Landen OL, Land T, Lane M, Laney D, Langdon AB, Langenbrunner J, Langer SH, Langro A, Lanier NE, Lanier TE, Larson D, Lasinski BF, Lassle D, LaTray D, Lau G, Lau N, Laumann C, Laurence A, Laurence TA, Lawson J, Le HP, Leach RR, Leal L, Leatherland A, LeChien K, Lechleiter B, Lee A, Lee M, Lee T, Leeper RJ, Lefebvre E, Leidinger JP, LeMire B, Lemke RW, Lemos NC, Le Pape S, Lerche R, Lerner S, Letts S, Levedahl K, Lewis T, Li CK, Li H, Li J, Liao W, Liao ZM, Liedahl D, Liebman J, Lindford G, Lindman EL, Lindl JD, Loey H, London RA, Long F, Loomis EN, Lopez FE, Lopez H, Losbanos E, Loucks S, Lowe-Webb R, Lundgren E, Ludwigsen AP, Luo R, Lusk J, Lyons R, Ma T, Macallop Y, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mack JM, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Magelssen GR, Magoon J, Malone RM, Malsbury T, Managan R, Mancini R, Manes K, Maney D, Manha D, Mannion OM, Manuel AM, Manuel MJE, Mapoles E, Mara G, Marcotte T, Marin E, Marinak MM, Mariscal DA, Mariscal EF, Marley EV, Marozas JA, Marquez R, Marshall CD, Marshall FJ, Marshall M, Marshall S, Marticorena J, Martinez JI, Martinez D, Maslennikov I, Mason D, Mason RJ, Masse L, Massey W, Masson-Laborde PE, Masters ND, Mathisen D, Mathison E, Matone J, Matthews MJ, Mattoon C, Mattsson TR, Matzen K, Mauche CW, Mauldin M, McAbee T, McBurney M, Mccarville T, McCrory RL, McEvoy AM, McGuffey C, Mcinnis M, McKenty P, McKinley MS, McLeod JB, McPherson A, Mcquillan B, Meamber M, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Meissner R, Mehlhorn TA, Mehta NC, Menapace J, Merrill FE, Merritt BT, Merritt EC, Meyerhofer DD, Mezyk S, Mich RJ, Michel PA, Milam D, Miller C, Miller D, Miller DS, Miller E, Miller EK, Miller J, Miller M, Miller PE, Miller T, Miller W, Miller-Kamm V, Millot M, Milovich JL, Minner P, Miquel JL, Mitchell S, Molvig K, Montesanti RC, Montgomery DS, Monticelli M, Montoya A, Moody JD, Moore AS, Moore E, Moran M, Moreno JC, Moreno K, Morgan BE, Morrow T, Morton JW, Moses E, Moy K, Muir R, Murillo MS, Murray JE, Murray JR, Munro DH, Murphy TJ, Munteanu FM, Nafziger J, Nagayama T, Nagel SR, Nast R, Negres RA, Nelson A, Nelson D, Nelson J, Nelson S, Nemethy S, Neumayer P, Newman K, Newton M, Nguyen H, Di Nicola JMG, Di Nicola P, Niemann C, Nikroo A, Nilson PM, Nobile A, Noorai V, Nora RC, Norton M, Nostrand M, Note V, Novell S, Nowak PF, Nunez A, Nyholm RA, O'Brien M, Oceguera A, Oertel JA, Oesterle AL, Okui J, Olejniczak B, Oliveira J, Olsen P, Olson B, Olson K, Olson RE, Opachich YP, Orsi N, Orth CD, Owen M, Padalino S, Padilla E, Paguio R, Paguio S, Paisner J, Pajoom S, Pak A, Palaniyappan S, Palma K, Pannell T, Papp F, Paras D, Parham T, Park HS, Pasternak A, Patankar S, Patel MV, Patel PK, Patterson R, Patterson S, Paul B, Paul M, Pauli E, Pearce OT, Pearcy J, Pedretti A, Pedrotti B, Peer A, Pelz LJ, Penetrante B, Penner J, Perez A, Perkins LJ, Pernice E, Perry TS, Person S, Petersen D, Petersen T, Peterson DL, Peterson EB, Peterson JE, Peterson JL, Peterson K, Peterson RR, Petrasso RD, Philippe F, Phillion D, Phipps TJ, Piceno E, Pickworth L, Ping Y, Pino J, Piston K, Plummer R, Pollack GD, Pollaine SM, Pollock BB, Ponce D, Ponce J, Pontelandolfo J, Porter JL, Post J, Poujade O, Powell C, Powell H, Power G, Pozulp M, Prantil M, Prasad M, Pratuch S, Price S, Primdahl K, Prisbrey S, Procassini R, Pruyne A, Pudliner B, Qiu SR, Quan K, Quinn M, Quintenz J, Radha PB, Rainer F, Ralph JE, Raman KS, Raman R, Rambo PW, Rana S, Randewich A, Rardin D, Ratledge M, Ravelo N, Ravizza F, Rayce M, Raymond A, Raymond B, Reed B, Reed C, Regan S, Reichelt B, Reis V, Reisdorf S, Rekow V, Remington BA, Rendon A, 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Wilcox R, Wilcox S, Wild C, Wilde BH, Wilde CH, Wilhelmsen K, Wilke MD, Wilkens H, Wilkins P, Wilks SC, Williams EA, Williams GJ, Williams W, Williams WH, Wilson DC, Wilson B, Wilson E, Wilson R, Winters S, Wisoff PJ, Wittman M, Wolfe J, Wong A, Wong KW, Wong L, Wong N, Wood R, Woodhouse D, Woodruff J, Woods DT, Woods S, Woodworth BN, Wooten E, Wootton A, Work K, Workman JB, Wright J, Wu M, Wuest C, Wysocki FJ, Xu H, Yamaguchi M, Yang B, Yang ST, Yatabe J, Yeamans CB, Yee BC, Yi SA, Yin L, Young B, Young CS, Young CV, Young P, Youngblood K, Yu J, Zacharias R, Zagaris G, Zaitseva N, Zaka F, Ze F, Zeiger B, Zika M, Zimmerman GB, Zobrist T, Zuegel JD, Zylstra AB. Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:065102. [PMID: 38394591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.065102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Acree
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Addis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Aden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B B Afeyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Ct., Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
| | - M Aggleton
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Aghaian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Aguirre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Aikens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Akre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Albrecht
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Albritton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Alcala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Alday
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D A Alessi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Alexander
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Alfonso
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Alfonso
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Alger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S J Ali
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z A Ali
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - A Allen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W E Alley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Amala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Amendt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Amick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Ammula
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Amorin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Ampleford
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R W Anderson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Anklam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Antipa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Appelbe
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Aracne-Ruddle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Araya
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T N Archuleta
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Arend
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Arnold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Arnold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Arsenlis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Asay
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - L J Atherton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Atkinson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Atkinson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Auerbach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Austin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Auyang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A A S Awwal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Aybar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Ayers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Ayers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ayers
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - S Azevedo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Bachmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Back
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Bae
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D S Bailey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Bailey
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - T Baisden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K L Baker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Baldis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Barber
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Barberis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Barker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Barnes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C W Barnes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M A Barrios
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Barty
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Bass
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Batha
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Baxamusa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Bazan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J K Beagle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Beale
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B R Beck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J B Beck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R G Beeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R G Beeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Behrendt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Belk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Bell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Belyaev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Benage
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Bennett
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - L R Benedetti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L X Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R L Berger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Bernat
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Berry
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Bertolini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Besenbruch
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Betcher
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - R Bettenhausen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Bezzerides
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S D Bhandarkar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Bickel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Biener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Biesiada
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Bigelow
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Bigelow-Granillo
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - V Bigman
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R M Bionta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N W Birge
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Bitter
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - A C Black
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Bleile
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D L Bleuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Bliss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Bliss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Blue
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Boehly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Boehm
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C D Boley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Bonanno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E J Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Bonino
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Borden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - J Bousquet
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Bowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Bowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Boyd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Boyle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Bozek
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D K Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Bradley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Bradley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Bradley
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Brannon
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P S Brantley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Brienza-Larsen
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - R Briggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T M Briggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Britten
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E D Brooks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Browning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Bruhn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Brunner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Bruns
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Brunton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Bryant
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Buczek
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Bude
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Buitano
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Burkhart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Burmark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Burnham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Burr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L E Busby
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Butlin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Cabeltis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Cable
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W H Cabot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cagadas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Caggiano
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Cahayag
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S E Caldwell
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Calkins
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - D A Callahan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - L Camara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Camp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J H Campbell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Carey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Carey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Carlisle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Carlson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Carman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Carmichael
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Carpenter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Carr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Carrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Casavant
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Castillo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Castillo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J I Castor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Castro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Caughey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Cavitt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Celeste
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Cerjan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Chandler
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Chapman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T D Chapman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chase
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L-Y Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cheng
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Chittenden
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Choate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chou
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Chrien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Chrisp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Christiansen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A R Christopherson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Chung
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J A Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Claus
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cobble
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Cochrane
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Collette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T J B Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Conder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Conrad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Conyers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A W Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Cook
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - R Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Cooley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Cooper
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - T Cope
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Copeland
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Cortez
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Cox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Crandall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Crane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Cray
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Crilly
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J W Crippen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Cross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Cuotts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Czajka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Czechowicz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Daly
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Danforth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Danly
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Darbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Darlington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Datte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Dauffy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Davalos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Davidovits
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Davis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Davis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Dawson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R D Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T H Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Dayton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Decker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deeney
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - K A DeFriend
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Deis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N D Delamater
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Demaret
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Demos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Dempsey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Desjardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Desjardins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M P Desjarlais
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J DeYoreo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Diaz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dimonte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Dittrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S N Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Dixon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Do
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E S Dodd
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Donovan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Donovan
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Dorsano
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M R Douglas
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dow
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - J Downie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Downing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Dozieres
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Draggoo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Drake
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - R P Drake
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
| | - T Drake
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dreifuerst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Drury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D F DuBois
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F DuBois
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Dunham
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Durocher
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A K L Dymoke-Bradshaw
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - B Dzenitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ebbers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Eddinger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Eder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Efthimion
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Ehrlich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ehrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Elhadj
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ellerbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Elliott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ellison
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Elsner
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Emerich
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Engelhorn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T England
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E English
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Epperson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Erbert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M A Erickson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Erskine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Erlandson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Espinosa
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Estes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K G Estabrook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Evans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fabyan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fair
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fallejo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Farmer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W A Farmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Farrell
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V E Fatherley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Fedorov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Feigenbaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Feit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Felker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Ferguson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Fernandez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Panella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Fess
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C V Filip
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Fincke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Finn
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S M Finnegan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G Finucane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Fischer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Fishler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Flegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Florio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L R Foreman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Forsman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fooks
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Foord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fortner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Fournier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Frazier
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Frazier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Frederick
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M S Freeman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Frey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Frieders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Friedrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Fry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Fuller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gales
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K K Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Gambhir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Gao
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W J Garbett
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Garcia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gates
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Gaut
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Gauthier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - Z Gavin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaylord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Geissel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - F Génin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Georgeson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Giraldez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S G Glendinning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Glenn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Goade
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Gobby
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S R Goldman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Golick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gomez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - V Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Goodin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Grabowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grafil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Grandy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grasz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F R Graziani
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Greenman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Ct., Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
- Diamond Materials Gmbh, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
- Sutter Instrument, 1 Digital Dr., Novator, California 94949, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José California 95192-0106, USA
| | - J A Greenough
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Greenwood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
| | - T Green
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Griego
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G P Grim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Grondalski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gross
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Guckian
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - N Guler
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
| | - B Gunney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Guss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hackbarth
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Haefner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hagmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Haid
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Haines
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B M Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Hall
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G N Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hamamoto
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B A Hammel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J H Hammer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hampton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Handler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Hanson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Haque
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E Harding
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - D B Harris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Harte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E P Hartouni
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hatchett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A A Hauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Havre
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Hawley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hayes
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hayes-Sterbenz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C A Haynam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Haynes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Headley
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Heal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Heebner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Heerey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G M Heestand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Heeter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Hein
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Heinbockel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Hendricks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Henesian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Heninger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Henrikson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Henry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E B Herbold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Hermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hermes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V J Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Herrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O D Herrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hewett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hibbard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D G Hicks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hill
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - T Hilsabeck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D D Ho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V K Ho
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J K Hoffer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N M Hoffman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hohensee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Hoke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Holko
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holunga
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Holzrichter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Honig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hoover
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L F Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M L Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Horner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hornung
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C J Horsfield
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Horvath
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hotaling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R House
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Howell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W W Hsing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Huang
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Huckins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Hui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Humbird
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hund
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hunt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K H-K Huynh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Inandan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Iglesias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I Ivanovich
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jackson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jackson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S D Jacobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Ct., Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
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- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
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- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
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- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
- Diamond Materials Gmbh, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
- Sutter Instrument, 1 Digital Dr., Novator, California 94949, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José California 95192-0106, USA
| | - G James
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Jancaitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jarboe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L C Jarrott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Jasion
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jaquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jeet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A E Jenei
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jensen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jimenez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jimenez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Jobe
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - Z Johal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H M Johns
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R J Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - O Jones
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Jorge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H J Jorgenson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Julian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B I Jun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jungquist
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kaae
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Kaczala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Kangas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Karasik
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - V Karpenko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Kasarky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - K Kasper
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Kauffman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M I Kaufman
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - C Keane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Keaty
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Kegelmeyer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Keiter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Kellett
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - J Kellogg
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J H Kelly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Kemic
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Kerbel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Kershaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Kerr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Kessler
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M H Key
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Khater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kiikka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kimko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kimmel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J M Kindel
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K Kirkwood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Klaus
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Klem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Klingmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Kluth
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - P Knapp
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knipping
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Kobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Koch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Kohut
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kong
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Konior
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Kornblum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L B Kot
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kozlowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Kozlowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Krammen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Krasheninnikova
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C M Krauland
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Kraus
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W Krauser
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Kress
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Kritcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Krieger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W L Kruer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M K G Kruse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kucheyev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kumbera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kumpan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kunimune
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Kur
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Kustowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Laffite
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - M Lafon
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - K LaFortune
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Lagin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lairson
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Land
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Laney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A B Langdon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Langenbrunner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Langer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Langro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N E Lanier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T E Lanier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Larson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B F Lasinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Lassle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D LaTray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Lau
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Laumann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Laurence
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T A Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Lawson
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - H P Le
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R R Leach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Leal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Leatherland
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - K LeChien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lechleiter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Lee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R J Leeper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Lefebvre
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | | | - B LeMire
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R W Lemke
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - R Lerche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Lerner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Letts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Levedahl
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Lewis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z M Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Liebman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lindford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Lindman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Lindl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Loey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Long
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E N Loomis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F E Lopez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Lopez
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - E Losbanos
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Loucks
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Lowe-Webb
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Lundgren
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A P Ludwigsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Luo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Lusk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Lyons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Macallop
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Mack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A MacLaren
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G R Magelssen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R M Malone
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - T Malsbury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Managan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Mancini
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - K Manes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Maney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Manha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Manuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Mapoles
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Mara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Marcotte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Marin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M M Marinak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E F Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E V Marley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Marozas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Marquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C D Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Marshall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Marticorena
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J I Martinez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Maslennikov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mason
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mason
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Masse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - W Massey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P-E Masson-Laborde
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - N D Masters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mathisen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mathison
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Matone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Matthews
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mattoon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T R Mattsson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - K Matzen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C W Mauche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Mauldin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T McAbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M McBurney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Mccarville
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R L McCrory
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A M McEvoy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Mcinnis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P McKenty
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M S McKinley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J B McLeod
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A McPherson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Mcquillan
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| | - M Meamber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Meaney
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Meissner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Mehlhorn
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Mehta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Menapace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Merritt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E C Merritt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mezyk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Milam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E K Miller
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - J Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Miller-Kamm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Minner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-L Miquel
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - S Mitchell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Molvig
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R C Montesanti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Montgomery
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Monticelli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Montoya
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A S Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Moran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Moreno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moreno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B E Morgan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Morrow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J W Morton
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Moses
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moy
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - R Muir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J E Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Munro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Murphy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F M Munteanu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Nafziger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Nagayama
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Nast
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Negres
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nelson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Nelson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Nelson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Nelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Nemethy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Newman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Newton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Nguyen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-M G Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Niemann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Nobile
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Noorai
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R C Nora
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Norton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Nostrand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Note
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Novell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P F Nowak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nunez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Nyholm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M O'Brien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Oceguera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Oertel
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| | - A L Oesterle
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| | - J Okui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olejniczak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Oliveira
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Olsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Olson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y P Opachich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Orsi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C D Orth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Owen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Padalino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
| | - E Padilla
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Paisner
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| | - S Pajoom
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Palaniyappan
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| | - K Palma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Pannell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Papp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Paras
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pasternak
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Patankar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M V Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Paul
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - M Paul
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pauli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O T Pearce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Pedretti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Pedrotti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Peer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L J Pelz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Penetrante
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Penner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Perez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L J Perkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pernice
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T S Perry
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Person
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D L Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E B Peterson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Peterson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R R Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Philippe
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - D Phillion
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Phipps
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Piceno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Pickworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Piston
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Plummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Pollack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S M Pollaine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | | | - J L Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Post
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Poujade
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - C Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Power
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Pozulp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prantil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prasad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Pratuch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Price
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Primdahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Procassini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pruyne
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Pudliner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Qiu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Quan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Quinn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Quintenz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F Rainer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P W Rambo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Rana
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Randewich
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D Rardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ratledge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Ravelo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F Ravizza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rayce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Raymond
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Raymond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Reed
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Reed
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Reichelt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Reis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Reisdorf
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Rekow
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rendon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Requieron
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Rever
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Richardson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Rice
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N G Rice
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Rieben
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rigatti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Riggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Ring
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Riordan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Riquier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - C Rivers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Robertson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Robles
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Rocha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M D Rosen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ross
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Rouse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Rovang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Rubenchik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Rubery
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Rushford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Russ
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B S Ryujin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A Sacks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R F Sacks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Saito
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Salmon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Salmonson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sanchez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Samuelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Saroyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Satsangi
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Sauers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Saunders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Sauppe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Sawicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Scanlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Schaffers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G T Schappert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Schiaffino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Schlossberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D W Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F Schmit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Smidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D H G Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M B Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Schneider
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Schollmeier
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C R Schroeder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S E Schrauth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H A Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Scott
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C R Scullard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Sedillo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Senecal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Sepke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Seppala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Sequoia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Severyn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Sevier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Sewell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Seznec
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Shamlian
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Shearer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Shelton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A I Shestakov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Shi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S J Shin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shingleton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Shmayda
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Shor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Shuldberg
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Siegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Silva
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Sims
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - D Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - P Singh
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Skulina
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Skupsky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Slutz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Sluyter
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - V A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Smauley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R M Smeltser
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Smith
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
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| | - M Schölmerich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Sohn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sommer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sorem
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J M Soures
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M L Spaeth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B K Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Speas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Spinka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P T Springer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Stahl
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Stahoviak
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Stanley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L G Stanton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
| | - R Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Steinman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stemke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stephens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sterbenz
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - P Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Stevens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Stevers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C H Still
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Stoeffl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Stolken
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stolz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Storm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Stone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Stoupin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Stout
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Stowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Strauser
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Streckart
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Streit
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D J Strozzi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Stutz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Summers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Suratwala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L J Suter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S B Sutton
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Dellgren G, Lund T, Raivio P, Leuckfeld I, Svahn J, Olsen P, Halme R, Fiane A, Lindstedt S, Riise G, Magnusson J. A Scandinavian Controlled Randomized Open-Label and Multi-Center Study Evaluating if Once-Daily Tacrolimus versus Twice-Daily Cyclosporine De Novo, Reduces the 3-Year Incidence of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Olsen P, Deuchrass R, Owen S, Lilley M, Jowsey J, Hamlin M. Running demands in club, regional, national, and international provincial New Zealand rugby union competitions. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1062043. [PMID: 36713949 PMCID: PMC9880471 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1062043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The demands of national and international professional rugby union matches are well established, however, there has not been a comparative study investigating running demands in New Zealand teams playing in club (amateur), Heartland Championship (semi-professional Div 2), the Mitre 10 Cup (semi-professional Div 1) or Super Rugby (professional) competitions. This information could enable specific training and rehabilitation that programmes to be developed to meet the needs of players in the different competitions. Players wore 10 Hz GPS units during games for one rugby season to determine absolute (m) and relative (m.min-1) measures for total distance, running volume (∼≥7 km·h-1) and high intensity running (∼≥16 km·h-1). There were typically minimal differences (1-2 m.min-1) in running distance measures between amateur level front row forwards and inside backs compared to players in these positions at higher levels of competition. Therefore, amateur players in these positions may find the transition to higher competitions less challenging with respect to running load. In contrast, amateur outside backs and back row forwards may find the increased pace of higher levels of competition more challenging due to typically covering significantly less running and high intensity running distances in amateur games. Differences for half backs were more variable between the levels of competition. Based on our results, it cannot be assumed that amateur rugby has lower running demands than higher competitions or that there is a continuum of increased running demands with increasing competition levels, as some playing positions in the semi-professional (Div 2) (second lowest level of competition) team recorded the largest values for total distance, running and high intensity running. Therefore, the specificity of running demands in a position and competition need to be considered individually for each player when transitioning between competitions. The practice and perception of returning a professional player to amateur club rugby due to the belief that running loads being lower may also be flawed, as we found considerable positional variation in running demands within-and-between competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsen
- Department of Applied Sciences and Social Practice, Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand,Correspondence: Peter Olsen
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- Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Shaun Owen
- Canterbury Rugby Union, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Matt Lilley
- Department of Applied Sciences and Social Practice, Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James Jowsey
- Department of Applied Sciences and Social Practice, Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael Hamlin
- Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AS, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger R, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman T, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins G, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo 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Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins L, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, Howell L, Hsing WW, Hu SX, Huang H, Huckins J, Hui H, Humbird KD, Hund J, Hunt J, Hurricane OA, Hutton M, Huynh KHK, Inandan L, Iglesias C, Igumenshchev IV, Izumi N, Jackson M, 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Kritcher AL, Krieger E, Kroll JJ, Kruer WL, Kruse MKG, Kucheyev S, Kumbera M, Kumpan S, Kunimune J, Kustowski B, Kwan TJT, Kyrala GA, Laffite S, Lafon M, LaFortune K, Lahmann B, Lairson B, Landen OL, Langenbrunner J, Lagin L, Land T, Lane M, Laney D, Langdon AB, Langer SH, Langro A, Lanier NE, Lanier TE, Larson D, Lasinski BF, Lassle D, LaTray D, Lau G, Lau N, Laumann C, Laurence A, Laurence TA, Lawson J, Le HP, Leach RR, Leal L, Leatherland A, LeChien K, Lechleiter B, Lee A, Lee M, Lee T, Leeper RJ, Lefebvre E, Leidinger JP, LeMire B, Lemke RW, Lemos NC, Le Pape S, Lerche R, Lerner S, Letts S, Levedahl K, Lewis T, Li CK, Li H, Li J, Liao W, Liao ZM, Liedahl D, Liebman J, Lindford G, Lindman EL, Lindl JD, Loey H, London RA, Long F, Loomis EN, Lopez FE, Lopez H, Losbanos E, Loucks S, Lowe-Webb R, Lundgren E, Ludwigsen AP, Luo R, Lusk J, Lyons R, Ma T, Macallop Y, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mack JM, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Magelssen GR, Magoon J, Malone RM, Malsbury T, 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A, Work K, Workman JB, Wright J, Wu M, Wuest C, Wysocki FJ, Xu H, Yamaguchi M, Yang B, Yang ST, Yatabe J, Yeamans CB, Yee BC, Yi SA, Yin L, Young B, Young CS, Young CV, Young P, Youngblood K, Zacharias R, Zagaris G, Zaitseva N, Zaka F, Ze F, Zeiger B, Zika M, Zimmerman GB, Zobrist T, Zuegel JD, Zylstra AB. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:075001. [PMID: 36018710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Acree
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Addis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Aden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B B Afeyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Court, Pleasanton, California, USA 94566
| | - M Aggleton
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Aghaian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Aguirre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Aikens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Akre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Albrecht
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Albritton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Alcala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Alday
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D A Alessi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Alexander
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Alfonso
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Alfonso
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Alger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S J Ali
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z A Ali
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - W E Alley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Amala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Amendt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Amick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Ammula
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Amorin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Ampleford
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R W Anderson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Anklam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Antipa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Appelbe
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Aracne-Ruddle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Araya
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Arend
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Arnold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Arnold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Asay
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - L J Atherton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Atkinson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Atkinson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Auerbach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Austin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Auyang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A S Awwal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Ayers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Ayers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ayers
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - S Azevedo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Bachmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Back
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Bae
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D S Bailey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Bailey
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - T Baisden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K L Baker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Baldis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Barber
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Barberis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Barker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Barnes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C W Barnes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M A Barrios
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Barty
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Bass
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Batha
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Baxamusa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Bazan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J K Beagle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Beale
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B R Beck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J B Beck
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Bedzyk
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R G Beeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R G Beeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Behrendt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Belk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Bell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Belyaev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Benage
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Bennett
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - L R Benedetti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L X Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Berger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Bernat
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Berry
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Bertolini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Besenbruch
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Betcher
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - R Bettenhausen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Bezzerides
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S D Bhandarkar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Bickel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Biener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Biesiada
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Bigelow
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Bigelow-Granillo
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - V Bigman
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R M Bionta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N W Birge
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Bitter
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - A C Black
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Bleile
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D L Bleuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Bliss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Bliss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Blue
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Boehly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Boehm
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C D Boley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Bonanno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E J Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Bonino
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Borden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - J Bousquet
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Bowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Bowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Boyd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Bozek
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D K Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Bradley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Bradley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Bradley
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Brannon
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P S Brantley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Brienza-Larsen
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - T M Briggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Britten
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E D Brooks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Browning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Bruhn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Brunner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Bruns
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Brunton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Bryant
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Buczek
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Bude
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Buitano
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Burkhart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Burmark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Burnham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Burr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L E Busby
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Butlin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Cabeltis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Cable
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W H Cabot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cagadas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Caggiano
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Cahayag
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S E Caldwell
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Calkins
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - D A Callahan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - L Camara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Camp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J H Campbell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Carey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Carey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Carlisle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Carlson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Carman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Carmichael
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Carpenter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Carr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Carrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Casavant
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Castillo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Castillo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J I Castor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Castro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Caughey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Cavitt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Celeste
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Cerjan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Chandler
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Chapman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Chapman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chase
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L-Y Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cheng
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Chittenden
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Choate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chou
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Chrien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Chrisp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A R Christopherson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Chung
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J A Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Claus
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cobble
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Cochrane
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Collette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T J B Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Conder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Conrad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Conyers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A W Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Cook
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - R Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Cooley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Cooper
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- University of New Mexico, Department of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - T Cope
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Copeland
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Cortez
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Cox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Crandall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Crane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Cray
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Crilly
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J W Crippen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Cross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Cuotts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Czajka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Czechowicz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Daly
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Danforth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Darbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Darlington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Datte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Dauffy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Davalos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Davidovits
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Davis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Davis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Dawson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R D Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T H Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Dayton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Decker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deeney
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - K A DeFriend
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Deis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N D Delamater
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Demaret
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Demos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Dempsey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Desjardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Desjardins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M P Desjarlais
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J DeYoreo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Diaz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dimonte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Dittrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S N Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Dixon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E S Dodd
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Donovan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Donovan
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Dorsano
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M R Douglas
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dow
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - J Downie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Downing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Dozieres
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Draggoo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Drake
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - R P Drake
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
| | - T Drake
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dreifuerst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D F DuBois
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F DuBois
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Dunham
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A K L Dymoke-Bradshaw
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - B Dzenitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ebbers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Eddinger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Eder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Efthimion
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Ehrlich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ehrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Elhadj
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ellerbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Elliott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ellison
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Elsner
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Emerich
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Engelhorn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T England
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E English
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Epperson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Erbert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M A Erickson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Erskine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Erlandson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Espinosa
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Estes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K G Estabrook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Evans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fabyan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fair
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fallejo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Farmer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W A Farmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Farrell
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V E Fatherley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Fedorov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Feigenbaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Feit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Ferguson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Fernandez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Panella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Fess
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C V Filip
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Fincke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Finn
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S M Finnegan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G Finucane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Fischer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Fishler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Flegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Florio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L R Foreman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Forsman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fooks
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Foord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fortner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Fournier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Frazier
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Frazier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Frederick
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M S Freeman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Frey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Frieders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Friedrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Fry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Fuller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gales
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K K Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Gambhir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Gao
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W J Garbett
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Garcia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gates
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Gaut
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Gauthier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - Z Gavin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaylord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Geissel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - F Génin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Georgeson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Giraldez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S G Glendinning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Glenn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Goade
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Gobby
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S R Goldman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Golick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gomez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - V Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Goodin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Grabowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grafil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Grandy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grasz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Graziani
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Greenman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Greenough
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Greenwood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - T Green
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Griego
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G P Grim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Grondalski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gross
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Guckian
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - N Guler
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Avenue, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
| | - B Gunney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Guss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hackbarth
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Haefner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hagmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Haid
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Haines
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B M Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Hall
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G N Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hamamoto
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B A Hammel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J H Hammer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hampton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Handler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Hanson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Haque
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E Harding
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - D B Harris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Harte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E P Hartouni
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hatchett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A A Hauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Havre
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Hawley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hayes
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hayes-Sterbenz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C A Haynam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Haynes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Headley
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Heal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Heebner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Heerey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G M Heestand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Heeter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Hein
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Heinbockel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Hendricks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Henesian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Heninger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Henrikson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Henry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E B Herbold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Hermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hermes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V J Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Herrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O D Herrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hewett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hibbard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D G Hicks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Optical Sciences Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - D Hill
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - T Hilsabeck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D E Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D D Ho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V K Ho
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J K Hoffer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N M Hoffman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hohensee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Hoke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Holko
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holunga
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Holzrichter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Honig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hoover
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M L Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Horner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hornung
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C J Horsfield
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Horvath
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hotaling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R House
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Howell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W W Hsing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Huang
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Huckins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Hui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Humbird
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hund
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hunt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K H-K Huynh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Inandan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Iglesias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jackson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jackson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S D Jacobs
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G James
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Jancaitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jarboe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L C Jarrott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Jasion
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jaquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jeet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A E Jenei
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jensen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jimenez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jimenez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Jobe
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - Z Johal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H M Johns
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R J Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - O Jones
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Jorge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H J Jorgenson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Julian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B I Jun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jungquist
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kaae
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Kaczala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Kangas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Karasik
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - V Karpenko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Kasarky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - K Kasper
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Kauffman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M I Kaufman
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - C Keane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Washington State University, Office of Research, P.O. Box 641060, Pullman, Washington 99164-1060, USA
| | - L Keaty
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Kegelmeyer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Keiter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Kellett
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - J Kellogg
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J H Kelly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Kemic
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Kerbel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Kershaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Kerr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Kessler
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M H Key
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Khater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kiikka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kimko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kimmel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J M Kindel
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K Kirkwood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Klaus
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Klem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Klingmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Kluth
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - P Knapp
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knipping
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Kobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Koch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Kohut
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kong
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Konior
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Kornblum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L B Kot
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kozlowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Kozlowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Krammen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Krasheninnikova
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kraus
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W Krauser
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Kress
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Kritcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Krieger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W L Kruer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M K G Kruse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kucheyev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kumbera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kumpan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kunimune
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Kustowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Laffite
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - M Lafon
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - K LaFortune
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lairson
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Langenbrunner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Lagin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Land
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Laney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A B Langdon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Langer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Langro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N E Lanier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T E Lanier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Larson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B F Lasinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Lassle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D LaTray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Lau
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Laumann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Laurence
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T A Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Lawson
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - H P Le
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R R Leach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Leal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Leatherland
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - K LeChien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lechleiter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Lee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R J Leeper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Lefebvre
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | | | - B LeMire
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R W Lemke
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - R Lerche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Lerner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Letts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Levedahl
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Lewis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z M Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Liebman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lindford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Lindman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Lindl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Loey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Long
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E N Loomis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F E Lopez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Lopez
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - E Losbanos
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Loucks
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Lowe-Webb
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Lundgren
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A P Ludwigsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Luo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Lusk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Lyons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Macallop
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Mack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A MacLaren
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G R Magelssen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R M Malone
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - T Malsbury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Managan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Mancini
- University of Nevada at Reno, Department of Physics, MS 0220, 1664. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - K Manes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Maney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Manha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Manuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mapoles
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Mara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Marcotte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Marin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M M Marinak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mariscal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E F Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E V Marley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Marozas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Marquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C D Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Marshall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Marticorena
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Maslennikov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mason
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mason
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Masse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - W Massey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P-E Masson-Laborde
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - N D Masters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mathisen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mathison
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Matone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Matthews
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mattoon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T R Mattsson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - K Matzen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C W Mauche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Mauldin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T McAbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M McBurney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Mccarville
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R L McCrory
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A M McEvoy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Mcinnis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P McKenty
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M S McKinley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J B McLeod
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A McPherson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Mcquillan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Meamber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Meaney
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Meissner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Mehlhorn
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Mehta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Menapace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Merritt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E C Merritt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mezyk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Milam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E K Miller
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - J Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Miller-Kamm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Minner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-L Miquel
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - S Mitchell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Molvig
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R C Montesanti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Montgomery
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Monticelli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Montoya
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A S Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Moran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Moreno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moreno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B E Morgan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Morrow
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| | - J W Morton
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Moses
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moy
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| | - R Muir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Murillo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J E Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Munro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Murphy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F M Munteanu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Nafziger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Nagayama
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Nast
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Negres
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nelson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Nelson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Nelson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Nelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Nemethy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Newman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Newton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Nguyen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-M G Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Niemann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Nobile
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Noorai
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Nora
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Norton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Nostrand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Note
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Novell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P F Nowak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nunez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Nyholm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M O'Brien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Oceguera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Oertel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Okui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olejniczak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Oliveira
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Olsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Olson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y P Opachich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Orsi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C D Orth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Owen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Padalino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
| | - E Padilla
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Paisner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Pajoom
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Palaniyappan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Palma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Pannell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Papp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Paras
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pasternak
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Patankar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M V Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Focused Energy Inc., 11525-B Stonehollow Drive, Suite 200, Austin Texas 78758, USA
| | - R Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Paul
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - M Paul
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pauli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O T Pearce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Pedrotti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Peer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L J Pelz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Penetrante
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Penner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Perez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L J Perkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pernice
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T S Perry
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Person
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D L Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E B Peterson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Peterson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R R Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Philippe
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - T J Phipps
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Piceno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Pickworth
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| | - J Pino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Plummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Pollack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S M Pollaine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | | | - J L Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Post
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Poujade
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - C Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Power
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Pozulp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prantil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prasad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Pratuch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Price
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Primdahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Procassini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pruyne
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Pudliner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Qiu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Quan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Quinn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Quintenz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F Rainer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Rambo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S Rana
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Randewich
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D Rardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ratledge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Ravelo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F Ravizza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rayce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Raymond
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Raymond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Reed
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Reed
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Reichelt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Reis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Reisdorf
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Rekow
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rendon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Requieron
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Rever
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Richardson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Townes Laser Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - B Rice
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N G Rice
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Rieben
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rigatti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Riggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Ring
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Riordan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Riquier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - C Rivers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Robertson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Robles
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Rocha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ross
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Rouse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Rovang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Rubenchik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Rubery
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Rushford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Russ
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B S Ryujin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A Sacks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R F Sacks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Saito
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Salmon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Salmonson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sanchez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Samuelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Saroyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Satsangi
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Sauers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Saunders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Sauppe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Sawicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Scanlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Schaffers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G T Schappert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Schiaffino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Schlossberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D W Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M J Schmitt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D H G Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M B Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Schneider
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Schollmeier
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Schölmerich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C R Schroeder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S E Schrauth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H A Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Scott
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C R Scullard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Sedillo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Senecal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Sepke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Seppala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Sequoia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Severyn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Sevier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Sewell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Seznec
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Shamlian
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Shearer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Shelton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A I Shestakov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Shi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S J Shin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shingleton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Shmayda
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Shor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Shuldberg
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Siegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Silva
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Sims
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - D Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - P Singh
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Skulina
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Skupsky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Slutz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Sluyter
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - V A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Smauley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R M Smeltser
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Smith
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - R Sohn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sommer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sorem
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J M Soures
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M L Spaeth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B K Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Speas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Spinka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P T Springer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Stahl
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Stahoviak
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - L G Stanton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
| | - R Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Steinman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stemke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stephens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sterbenz
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - P Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Stevens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Stevers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C B Still
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Stoeffl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Stolken
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stolz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Storm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Stone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Stoupin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Stout
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Stowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Strauser
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Streckart
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Streit
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| | - D J Strozzi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Suratwala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L J Suter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S B Sutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Svidzinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Sweet
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Szoke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tabak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Takagi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Tambazidis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Tang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Taranowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L A Taylor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Telford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Thi
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Thomas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - I J Thompson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - C B Thorsness
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Tietbohl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Tipton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tobin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Tomlin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Tommasini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A J Toreja
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Torres
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R P J Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Townsend
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Trenholme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Trivelpiece
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Trosseille
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Truax
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Truong
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - D Tubbs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E R Tubman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Tunnell
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R E Turner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ulitsky
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Upadhye
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Vaher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P VanArsdall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D VanBlarcom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - R VanQuinlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Van Wonterghem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W S Varnum
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| | - A L Velikovich
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - A Vella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C P Verdon
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - B Vermillion
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| | - S Vernon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Vesey
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| | - J Vickers
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| | - R M Vignes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Visosky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Vocke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Vonhof
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Von Rotz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H X Vu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Vu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Wallin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Walmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C F Walters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Waltz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B E Warner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Watson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R G Watt
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| | - P Watts
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| | - J Weaver
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| | - R P Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Weaver
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C R Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S V Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Wegner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Welday
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| | - L Welser-Sherrill
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| | - K Weiss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Widmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G F Wheeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Whistler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Whitman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wilcox
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Wilcox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Wild
- Diamond Materials Gmbh, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - B H Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C H Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Wilhelmsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M D Wilke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Wilkens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Wilkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W H Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D C Wilson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Winters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Wisoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wittman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Wolfe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K W Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Woodhouse
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Woodruff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D T Woods
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Woods
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B N Woodworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wooten
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Wootton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Work
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - J B Workman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wu
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Wuest
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - F J Wysocki
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Xu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Yamaguchi
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S T Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Yatabe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C B Yeamans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B C Yee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Yi
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C S Young
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C V Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Youngblood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Zacharias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Zagaris
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Zaitseva
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Zaka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Zeiger
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - M Zika
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G B Zimmerman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Zobrist
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Zuegel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A B Zylstra
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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Maculaitis M, Hunsche E, Cislo P, Ansani N, Virro J, Will O, Peck E, Kopenhafer L, Olsen P, Hauber A, Beusterien K, Kim R. P-315 The importance of treatment features beyond pain reduction associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues from the patient perspective. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Beyond reducing pain, how do women with moderate-severe-endometriosis pain prioritize treatment features and outcomes associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues?
Summary answer
Moderate-severe-endometriosis patients prioritized safe long-term treatment, feeling treatment-effects within a few cycles, being able to maintain employment, reducing fatigue, depression, and headaches, and improving libido.
What is known already
The importance of pain management in endometriosis treatment is well-established. Poor health-related quality of life has been attributed to endometriosis pain, with greater impact as the number of endometriosis symptoms and symptom severity increase. Endometriosis treatment options include analgesics for acute pain episodes and surgery in more severe cases, as well as hormone therapies, including GnRH analogues. The potential risks, benefits, and outcomes associated with currently available GnRH analogues for endometriosis treatment can vary. Data are lacking on the patient perspective with respect to potential treatment features and outcomes beyond just pain reduction.
Study design, size, duration
Treatment-naïve patients with moderate-severe-endometriosis pain (rating scale ≥4 for menstrual pain) in the United States completed a cross-sectional online survey. Best-worst scaling (BWS) was used to assess preferences for key non-pain treatment attributes that were identified based on the literature. Cognitive pre-test interviews were conducted to confirm content validity of the questionnaire. Data collection for this ongoing survey was initiated in December 2021.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Patients (English-speaking, premenopausal, 18-50 years-old) were recruited via healthcare research panel. Eligible patients self-reported laparoscopy-confirmed-endometriosis, no endometriosis/other gynecological surgery in past 3 months, no osteoporosis/bone disease/uterine fibroids history, and healthcare coverage for previous 3 years. Treatment features in the BWS exercise included dosage flexibility, short treatment onset, reversibility of side effects, reducing fatigue, depression, headache, impact on libido, impact on sleep, ability to maintain employment, duration of treatment, and additional need for contraceptive use.
Main results and the role of chance
Overall, 115 patients (31.1±7.5 years-old) were included in the analyses. On a 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine) scale, the mean worst menstrual and non-menstrual pelvic pain (during past month) were 7.7±1.6 and 5.4±2.7, respectively. The most common endometriosis treatments ever used included over-the-counter pain medications (90.4%) and prescription contraceptives (74.8%).
Of 11 BWS features tested, patients prioritized:
“You can safely take the treatment for a long period of time” (relative importance=11.4%) “Your ability to get or maintain a job” (11.1%) “When starting a treatment, you will begin to feel the treatment’s effects within the first few menstrual cycles” (10.9%) “You will be less depressed” (10.8%) “Your interest in sex will not be affected” (10.7%) “Any side-effects you may experience are resolved quickly after treatment stops” (10.1%) “You will be less fatigued or tired” (9.5%) “You will have fewer headaches or migraines” (8.6%)
Least important to patients were:
“Your sleep will not be affected” (6.8%) “Your doctor offers different options for the dose strength and how often you take it, as appropriate to your needs” (5.9%) “You are not required to take additional contraceptives along with the treatment” (4.0%)
Limitations, reasons for caution
The preferences of patients who participated may differ from those who did not participate, thereby reducing the ability to generalize results. All data were self-reported; diagnosis and treatment could not be independently confirmed. The BWS exercise cannot include all possible attributes and outcomes relevant to patients.
Wider implications of the findings
Beyond pain reduction, patients most highly valued having safe long-term treatment, feeling treatment effects within a few cycles, rapid resolution of side effects, being able to work, maintaining libido, and reducing fatigue, depression, and headaches. These factors can help physicians to better align endometriosis treatment decision-making with patient preferences.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maculaitis
- Cerner Enviza, RWE Data & Analytics , Malvern, U.S.A
| | - E Hunsche
- Myovant Sciences- GmBH, Global Market Access & HEOR , Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Cislo
- Pfizer Inc, Statistical Research & Data Science Center , New York, U.S.A
| | - N Ansani
- Pfizer Inc, Medical Affairs , New York, U.S.A
| | - J Virro
- Myovant Sciences Inc, Medical Affairs , Brisbane, U.S.A
| | - O Will
- Cerner Enviza, RWE Data & Analytics , Malvern, U.S.A
| | - E Peck
- Cerner Enviza, RWE Data & Analytics , Malvern, U.S.A
| | - L Kopenhafer
- Cerner Enviza, RWE Data & Analytics , Malvern, U.S.A
| | - P Olsen
- Cerner Enviza, RWE Data & Analytics , Malvern, U.S.A
| | - A Hauber
- Pfizer Inc, Statistical Research & Data Science Center , New York, U.S.A
| | - K Beusterien
- Cerner Enviza, RWE Data & Analytics , Malvern, U.S.A
| | - R Kim
- Pfizer Inc, Patient & Health Impact , New York, U.S.A
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Pinto FE, Olsen P, Glud M, Wulf HC, Lerche CM. Topical Brimonidine Delays Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Hairless Mice. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1390-1394. [PMID: 35338500 PMCID: PMC9790565 DOI: 10.1111/php.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether topical brimonidine delayed or enhanced the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) when ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was applied to a well-established murine model. Hairless female mice (n = 125) were randomized into five groups and treated as follows: 1% brimonidine cream before UVR (Group 1), 0.33% brimonidine gel before UVR (Group 2), 1% brimonidine cream after UVR (Group 3), UVR only (control; Group 4) and 1% brimonidine cream only (control; Group 5). For each animal, the first four tumors were recorded and followed until three tumors reached 4 mm or one tumor reached 12 mm in diameter. All animal experiments continued for up to 365 days or until death. Application of 1% brimonidine cream before UVR delayed tumor development relative to control mice treated with UVR alone (P = 0.000006). However, when 0.33% brimonidine gel was applied before UVR (P = 0.313) or 1% brimonidine cream was applied after UVR (P = 0.252), there was no significant delay in tumor development relative to control mice treated with UVR alone. The development of the second and third tumors followed a similar pattern. Topical 1% brimonidine cream applied before UVR exposure delayed SCC development in hairless mice. In contrast, when brimonidine was applied after UVR there was no significant delay in tumor development. These results suggest that the 1% brimonidine cream probably absorbed the UVR, and therefore, a delay in tumor formation was only seen when brimonidine was applied before irradiation. However, there can be multiple reasons for this delay in photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda E. Pinto
- Department of DermatologyCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter Olsen
- Department of DermatologyCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Martin Glud
- Department of DermatologyCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Catharina M. Lerche
- Department of DermatologyCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark,Department of PharmacyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Vuorela A, Freitag TL, Leskinen K, Pessa H, Härkönen T, Stracenski I, Kirjavainen T, Olsen P, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Ilonen J, Knip M, Vaheri A, Partinen M, Saavalainen P, Meri S, Vaarala O. Enhanced influenza A H1N1 T cell epitope recognition and cross-reactivity to protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1 in Pandemrix-associated narcolepsy type 1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2283. [PMID: 33863907 PMCID: PMC8052463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic neurological disorder having a strong association with HLA-DQB1*0602, thereby suggesting an immunological origin. Increased risk of NT1 has been reported among children or adolescents vaccinated with AS03 adjuvant-supplemented pandemic H1N1 influenza A vaccine, Pandemrix. Here we show that pediatric Pandemrix-associated NT1 patients have enhanced T-cell immunity against the viral epitopes, neuraminidase 175-189 (NA175-189) and nucleoprotein 214-228 (NP214-228), but also respond to a NA175-189-mimic, brain self-epitope, protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1 (POMT1675-689). A pathogenic role of influenza virus-specific T-cells and T-cell cross-reactivity in NT1 are supported by the up-regulation of IFN-γ, perforin 1 and granzyme B, and by the converging selection of T-cell receptor TRAV10/TRAJ17 and TRAV10/TRAJ24 clonotypes, in response to stimulation either with peptide NA175-189 or POMT1675-689. Moreover, anti-POMT1 serum autoantibodies are increased in Pandemrix-vaccinated children or adolescents. These results thus identify POMT1 as a potential autoantigen recognized by T- and B-cells in NT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vuorela
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T L Freitag
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - K Leskinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Pessa
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Härkönen
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Stracenski
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Kirjavainen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Olsen
- Department of Child Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - J Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M Knip
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Vaheri
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Partinen
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Vitalmed Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Saavalainen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Vaarala
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Søndergaard L, Popma JJ, Reardon MJ, Van Mieghem NM, Deeb GM, Kodali S, George I, Williams MR, Yakubov SJ, Kappetein AP, Serruys PW, Grube E, Schiltgen MB, Chang Y, Engstrøm T, Sorajja P, Sun B, Agarwal H, Langdon T, den Heijer P, Bentala M, O’Hair D, Bajwa T, Byrne T, Caskey M, Paulus B, Garrett E, Stoler R, Hebeler R, Khabbaz K, Scott Lim D, Bladergroen M, Fail P, Feinberg E, Rinaldi M, Skipper E, Chawla A, Hockmuth D, Makkar R, Cheng W, Aji J, Bowen F, Schreiber T, Henry S, Hengstenberg C, Bleiziffer S, Harrison JK, Hughes C, Joye J, Gaudiani V, Babaliaros V, Thourani V, Dauerman H, Schmoker J, Skelding K, Casale A, Kovac J, Spyt T, Seshiah P, Smith JM, McKay R, Hagberg R, Matthews R, Starnes V, O’Neill W, Paone G, García JMH, Such M, de la Tassa CM, Cortina JCL, Windecker S, Carrel T, Whisenant B, Doty J, Resar J, Conte J, Aharonian V, Pfeffer T, Rück A, Corbascio M, Blackman D, Kaul P, Kliger C, Brinster D, Teefy P, Kiaii B, Leya F, Bakhos M, Sandhu G, Pochettino A, Piazza N, de Varennes B, van Boven A, Boonstra P, Waksman R, Bafi A, Asgar A, Cartier R, Kipperman R, Brown J, Lin L, Rovin J, Sharma S, Adams D, Katz S, Hartman A, Al-Jilaihawi H, Crestanello J, Lilly S, Ghani M, Bodenhamer RM, Rajagopal V, Kauten J, Mumtaz M, Bachinsky W, Nickenig G, Welz A, Olsen P, Watson D, Chhatriwalla A, Allen K, Teirstein P, Tyner J, Mahoney P, Newton J, Merhi W, Keiser J, Yeung A, Miller C, Berg JT, Heijmen R, Petrossian G, Robinson N, Brecker S, Jahangiri M, Davis T, Batra S, Hermiller J, Heimansohn D, Radhakrishnan S, Fremes S, Maini B, Bethea B, Brown D, Ryan W, Kleiman N, Spies C, Lau J, Herrmann H, Bavaria J, Horlick E, Feindel C, Neumann FJ, Beyersdorf F, Binder R, Maisano F, Costa M, Markowitz A, Tadros P, Zorn G, de Marchena E, Salerno T, Chetcuti S, Labinz M, Ruel M, Lee JS, Gleason T, Ling F, Knight P, Robbins M, Ball S, Giacomini J, Burdon T, Applegate R, Kon N, Schwartz R, Schubach S, Forrest J, Mangi A. Comparison of a Complete Percutaneous Versus Surgical Approach to Aortic Valve Replacement and Revascularization in Patients at Intermediate Surgical Risk: Results From the Randomized SURTAVI Trial. Circulation 2019; 140:1296-1305. [PMID: 31476897 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.039564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease, the completely percutaneous approach to aortic valve replacement and revascularization has not been compared with the standard surgical approach. METHODS The prospective SURTAVI trial (Safety and Efficiency Study of the Medtronic CoreValve System in the Treatment of Severe, Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis in Intermediate Risk Subjects Who Need Aortic Valve Replacement) enrolled intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis from 87 centers in the United States, Canada, and Europe between June 2012 and June 2016. Complex coronary artery disease with SYNTAX score (Synergy Between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery Trial) >22 was an exclusion criterion. Patients were stratified according to the need for revascularization and then randomly assigned to treatment with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Patients assigned to revascularization in the TAVR group underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, whereas those in the SAVR group had coronary artery bypass grafting. The primary end point was the rate of all-cause mortality or disabling stroke at 2 years. RESULTS Of 1660 subjects with attempted aortic valve implants, 332 (20%) were assigned to revascularization. They had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score for mortality (4.8±1.7% versus 4.4±1.5%; P<0.01) and were more likely to be male (65.1% versus 54.2%; P<0.01) than the 1328 patients not assigned to revascularization. After randomization to treatment, there were 169 patients undergoing TAVR and percutaneous coronary intervention, 163 patients undergoing SAVR and coronary artery bypass grafting, 695 patients undergoing TAVR, and 633 patients undergoing SAVR. No significant difference in the rate of the primary end point was found between TAVR and percutaneous coronary intervention and SAVR and coronary artery bypass grafting (16.0%; 95% CI, 11.1-22.9 versus 14.0%; 95% CI, 9.2-21.1; P=0.62), or between TAVR and SAVR (11.9%; 95% CI, 9.5-14.7 versus 12.3%; 95% CI, 9.8-15.4; P=0.76). CONCLUSIONS For patients at intermediate surgical risk with severe aortic stenosis and noncomplex coronary artery disease (SYNTAX score ≤22), a complete percutaneous approach of TAVR and percutaneous coronary intervention is a reasonable alternative to SAVR and coronary artery bypass grafting. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov. Unique identifier: NCT01586910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Søndergaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S., T.E.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Popma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.J.P.)
| | - Michael J. Reardon
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX (M.J.R.)
| | - Nicolas M. Van Mieghem
- Departments of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., A.P.K.)
| | - G. Michael Deeb
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (G.M.D.)
| | - Susheel Kodali
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (S.K., I.G.)
| | - Isaac George
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (S.K., I.G.)
| | - Mathew R. Williams
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York (M.R.W.)
| | - Steven J. Yakubov
- Department of Cardiology, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus (S.J.Y.)
| | - Arie P. Kappetein
- Departments of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.M.V.M., A.P.K.)
- Structural Heart, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, MN (A.P.K., M.B.S., Y.C.)
| | - Patrick W. Serruys
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, NHLI, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (P.W.S.)
| | - Eberhard Grube
- Department of Medicine II, Heart Center Bonn, Germany (E.G.)
| | | | - Yanping Chang
- Structural Heart, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, MN (A.P.K., M.B.S., Y.C.)
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S., T.E.)
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Datta P, Philipsen PA, Olsen P, Andersen JD, Morling N, Wulf HC. Serum 25(OH)D levels after oral vitamin D 3 supplementation and UVB exposure correlate. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2019; 35:344-353. [PMID: 31166629 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inter-individual variation in 25(OH)D3 increase (Δ25(OH)D3 ) after vitamin D3 supplementation was determined and compared with the UVB irradiation response. METHODS Nineteen Danish participants received 85 μg vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) daily for nine weeks with regular serum 25(OH)D3 measurements. These participants had three years earlier taken part in a 9-week controlled UVB study. The Δ25(OH)D3 was not confounded by ambient UVB, BMI or ethnicity. RESULTS Δ25(OH)D3 was 53 nmol L-1 and almost identical to Δ25(OH)D3 (52 nmol L-1 ) after UVB. Δ25(OH)D3 ranged from 17 to 91 nmol L-1 (span 74 nmol L-1 ) and was about half of that observed after UVB irradiation (span 136 nmol L-1 ). The interquartile ranges for vitamin D3 supplementation (38.8-71.4 nmol L-1 , span: 32.6 nmol L-1 ) and UVB irradiation (35.7-65.4 nmol L-1 , span: 29.7 nmol L-1 ) were similar indicating a comparable response of the two interventions. As the 25(OH)D3 start levels (R2 = 0.398, P = 3.8 × 10-3 ), 25(OH)D3 end levels (R2 = 0.457, P = 1.5 × 10-3 ) and Δ25(OH)D3 (R2 = 0.253, P = 0.028) between both interventions were correlated, this suggested a possible common individual background for the variation. Four pigment SNPs influenced the variation in the vitamin D3 -induced and UVB-induced Δ25(OH)D3 . A combined model including the influence of these four SNPs and the 25(OH)D3 start level explained 86.8% (P = 1.6 × 10-35 ) of the individual variation after vitamin D3 supplementation. CONCLUSION The inter-individual variation in the two interventions was comparable and had no common demographic but a partly common genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pameli Datta
- Department of Dermatology D92, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Alshede Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology D92, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Olsen
- Department of Dermatology D92, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Dyrberg Andersen
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology D92, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lerche CM, Olsen P, Nissen CV, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. A novel LC-MS/MS method to quantify eumelanin and pheomelanin and their relation to UVR sensitivity - A study on human skin biopsies. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:809-816. [PMID: 31233275 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanin in the skin can be divided into eumelanin and pheomelanin subtypes. Simultaneous quantification of these subtypes could clarify their relation to skin type and skin cancer development. We describe a novel, sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify two eumelanin markers, pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA), and two pheomelanin markers, thiazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (TDCA) and thiazole-2,4,5 tricarboxylic acid (TTCA), performed in a single run using the same biopsy. Volunteers with either Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) I/II or III/IV (n = 30) each provided a 4-mm punch biopsy from the buttock. Upon analysis, the FST I + II group had significantly less of all four melanin biomarkers (PTCA, 0.75 ng/mm2 ; PDCA, 0.08 ng/mm2 ; TTCA, 0.24 ng/mm2 ; and TDCA, 0.10 ng/mm2 ) versus the FST III + IV group (PTCA, 4.89 ng/mm2 ; PDCA, 0.22 ng/mm2 ; TTCA, 2.61 ng/mm2 ; and TDCA, 0.72 ng/mm2 ), p ≤ 0.003. We find that this new LC-MS/MS method is sensitive enough to quantify eumelanin and pheomelanin markers even in the lightest skin types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Young AR, Narbutt J, Harrison GI, Lawrence KP, Bell M, O'Connor C, Olsen P, Grys K, Baczynska KA, Rogowski-Tylman M, Wulf HC, Lesiak A, Philipsen PA. Optimal sunscreen use, during a sun holiday with a very high ultraviolet index, allows vitamin D synthesis without sunburn. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1052-1062. [PMID: 31069787 PMCID: PMC6899952 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Sunlight contains ultraviolet (UV)A and UVB radiation. UVB is essential for vitamin D synthesis but is the main cause of sunburn and skin cancer. Sunscreen use is advocated to reduce the sun's adverse effects but may compromise vitamin D status. Objectives To assess the ability of two intervention sunscreens to inhibit vitamin D synthesis during a week‐long sun holiday. Methods The impact of sunscreens on vitamin D status was studied during a 1‐week sun holiday in Tenerife (28° N). Comparisons were made between two formulations, each with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15. The UVA‐protection factor (PF) was low in one case and high in the other. Healthy Polish volunteers (n = 20 per group) were given the sunscreens and advised on the correct application. Comparisons were also made with discretionary sunscreen use (n = 22) and nonholiday groups (51·8° N, n = 17). Sunscreen use in the intervention groups was measured. Behaviour, UV radiation exposure, clothing cover and sunburn were monitored. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] was assessed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Use of intervention sunscreens was the same (P = 0·60), and both equally inhibited sunburn, which was present in the discretionary use group. There was an increase (P < 0·001) in mean ± SD 25(OH)D3 (28·0 ± 16·5 nmol L−1) in the discretionary use group. The high and low UVA‐PF sunscreen groups showed statistically significant increases (P < 0·001) of 19·0 ± 14·2 and 13·0 ± 11·4 nmol L−1 25(OH)D3, respectively with P = 0·022 for difference between the intervention sunscreens. The nonholiday group showed a fall (P = 0·08) of 2·5 ± 5·6 nmol L−1 25(OH)D3. Conclusions Sunscreens may be used to prevent sunburn yet allow vitamin D synthesis. A high UVA‐PF sunscreen enables significantly higher vitamin D synthesis than a low UVA‐PF sunscreen because the former, by default, transmits more UVB than the latter. What's already known about this topic? Action spectra (wavelength dependence) for erythema and the cutaneous formation of vitamin D overlap considerably in the ultraviolet (UV)B region. Theoretically, sunscreens that inhibit erythema should also inhibit vitamin D synthesis. To date, studies on the inhibitory effects of sunscreens on vitamin D synthesis have given conflicting results, possibly, in part, because people typically apply sunscreen suboptimally. Many studies have design flaws.
What does this study add? Sunscreens (sun protection factor, SPF 15) applied at sufficient thickness to inhibit sunburn during a week‐long holiday with a very high UV index still allow a highly significant improvement of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration. An SPF 15 formulation with high UVA protection enables better vitamin D synthesis than a low UVA protection product. The former allows more UVB transmission.
Linked Editorial: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18273. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18492 available online https://www.bjdonline.com/article/optimal-sunscreen-use-during-a-sun-holiday-with-a-very-high-ultraviolet-index-allows-vitamin-d-synthesis-without-sunburn/
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Young
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - J Narbutt
- Medical University of Łódź, Department of Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Łódź, 90-647, Poland
| | - G I Harrison
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - K P Lawrence
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - M Bell
- Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc., Nottingham, NG90 5EF, U.K
| | - C O'Connor
- Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc., Nottingham, NG90 5EF, U.K
| | - P Olsen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatological Research, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - K Grys
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - K A Baczynska
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, U.K
| | | | - H C Wulf
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatological Research, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - A Lesiak
- Medical University of Łódź, Department of Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Łódź, 90-647, Poland
| | - P A Philipsen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatological Research, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
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Højskov I, Moons P, Egerod I, Olsen P, Thygesen L, Hansen N, Cour S, Bech K, Borregaard B, Gluud C, Winkel P, Lindschou J, Berg S. Early physical and psycho-educational rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med 2019; 51:136-143. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Datta P, Philipsen PA, Olsen P, Petersen B, Andersen JD, Morling N, Wulf HC. Pigment genes not skin pigmentation affect UVB-induced vitamin D. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:448-458. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00320c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The long-term UVB induced serum 25(OH)D increase was influenced by pigment gene polymorphisms rather than measured facultative skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pameli Datta
- Department of Dermatology D92
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Peter Alshede Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology D92
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Peter Olsen
- Department of Dermatology D92
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Bibi Petersen
- Department of Dermatology D92
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Jeppe Dyrberg Andersen
- Section of Forensic Genetics
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
| | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology D92
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen
- Denmark
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14
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Narbutt J, Philipsen PA, Lesiak A, Sandberg Liljendahl T, Segerbäck D, Heydenreich J, Chlebna-Sokol D, Olsen P, Harrison GI, Pearson A, Baczynska K, Rogowski-Tylman M, Wulf HC, Young AR. Children sustain high levels of skin DNA photodamage, with a modest increase of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , after a summer holiday in Northern Europe. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:940-950. [PMID: 29691848 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure increases the risk of skin cancer in adulthood, which is associated with mutations caused by UVR-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Solar UVR is also the main source of vitamin D, essential for healthy bone development in children. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of a 12-day Baltic Sea (54° N) beach holiday on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ] and CPD in 32 healthy Polish children (skin types I-IV). METHODS Blood and urine were collected before and after the holiday and assessed for 25(OH)D3 and excreted CPD, respectively, and personal UVR exposure was measured. Diaries were used to record sunbathing, sunburn and sunscreen use. Before- and after-holiday skin redness and pigmentation were measured by reflectance spectroscopy. RESULTS The average ± SD daily exposure UVR dose was 2·4 ± 1·5 standard erythema doses (SEDs), which is borderline erythemal. The mean concentration of 25(OH)D3 increased (× 1·24 ± 0·19) from 64·7 ± 13·3 to 79·3 ± 18·7 nmol L-1 (P < 0·001). Mean CPD increased 12·6 ± 10·0-fold from 26·9 ± 17·9 to 248·9 ± 113·4 fmol μmol-1 creatinine (P < 0·001). Increased 25(OH)D3 was accompanied by a very much greater increase in DNA damage associated with carcinogenic potential. Overall, skin type had no significant effects on behavioural, clinical or analytical outcomes, but skin types I/II had more CPD (unadjusted P = 0·0496) than skin types III/IV at the end of the holiday. CONCLUSIONS Careful consideration must be given to the health outcomes of childhood solar exposure, and a much better understanding of the risk-benefit relationships of such exposure is required. Rigorous photoprotection is necessary for children, even in Northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Narbutt
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419, Łódź, Poland
| | - P A Philipsen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - A Lesiak
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419, Łódź, Poland
| | - T Sandberg Liljendahl
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, S-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - D Segerbäck
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, S-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J Heydenreich
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - D Chlebna-Sokol
- Department of Paediatric Propedeutics and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419, Łódź, Poland
| | - P Olsen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - G I Harrison
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - A Pearson
- Public Health England, Laser and Optical Radiation Dosimetry Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 ORQ, U.K
| | - K Baczynska
- Public Health England, Laser and Optical Radiation Dosimetry Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 ORQ, U.K
| | | | - H C Wulf
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Dermatology D92, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, U.K
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Lehnert P, Lange T, Møller C, Olsen P, Carlsen J. Acute Pulmonary Embolism in a National Danish Cohort: Increasing Incidence and Decreasing Mortality. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1160/th17-08-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study reports the incidence, clinical profile and mortality for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients in the Danish population in four eras from 2004 to 2014. Patients admitted with first-time acute PE from 2004 through 2014 were identified from national patient registries classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, World Health Organization. A total of 30,275 patients from a population of 4,301,673 adult residents aged 18 years or older were diagnosed with first-time acute PE, corresponding to an incidence of 64 (95% confidence interval: 61–66) per 100,000 adult residents per year. Throughout the study period, PE incidence increased from 45 to 83 per 100,000 adult residents. Age at disease onset also increased during the study period, rising from 67.1 to 68.0 (p = 0.002). Cancer was the most frequent concomitant diagnosis, with an incidence of 15.9%. Thoracic computed tomography and referral to specialized cardiac centres increased significantly throughout the study period. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates decreased between 2004 and 2014 from 17 to 11% and from 23 to 18% (p < 0.00), respectively. The 5-year mortality risk was reduced when comparing Era IV (2012–2014) with Era I (2004–2005), with a hazard ratio of 0.93 (p = 0.01). In Denmark, the annual incidence of acute PE has increased during the past decade from 45 to 83 per 100,000 adults with a significant decrease in both short- and long-term mortalities. In recent years, patients were more likely to be investigated with modern diagnostics and referred to cardiac centres for specialized treatment.
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16
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Datta P, Philipsen PA, Olsen P, Bogh MK, Johansen P, Schmedes AV, Morling N, Wulf HC. The half-life of 25(OH)D after UVB exposure depends on gender and vitamin D receptor polymorphism but mainly on the start level. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:985-995. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00258g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The 25(OH)D decrease over time in a group (N= 22) with high 25(OH)D start levels was exponential. The half-life (T1/2) was 89 days and prolonged in materials with lower 25(OH)D start levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pameli Datta
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
| | - Peter A. Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
| | - Peter Olsen
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
| | - Morten K. Bogh
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
| | - Peter Johansen
- Section of Forensic Genetics
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
| | - Anne V. Schmedes
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemistry
- Lillebaelt Hospital
- 7100 Vejle
- Denmark
| | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
| | - Hans C. Wulf
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
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17
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Shearman JP, George T, Olsen P, KImber N, Hamlin M. The Effect of Home Advantage on International-level Rugby Union Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000488126.08190.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Datta P, Philipsen PA, Olsen P, Petersen B, Johansen P, Morling N, Wulf HC. Major inter-personal variation in the increase and maximal level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D induced by UVB. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:536-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00462d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in vitamin D formation and metabolism after long-term UVB exposure were at least 131 nmol l−1, even after eliminating most of the known external and behavioural sources of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pameli Datta
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
| | - Peter A. Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
| | - Peter Olsen
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
| | - Bibi Petersen
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
| | - Peter Johansen
- Section of Forensic Genetics
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
| | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen
| | - Hans C. Wulf
- Department of Dermatology
- Copenhagen University Hospital
- Bispebjerg Hospital
- 2400 Copenhagen NV
- Denmark
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Aydanian A, Tang L, Chen Y, Morris JG, Olsen P, Johnson JA, Nair GB, Stine OC. Genetic relatedness of selected clinical and environmental non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 37:152-8. [PMID: 26164777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an attempt to better understand the non-O1/O139 isolates of Vibrio cholerae, a systematic study of clinical and environmental isolates collected from various geographical locations between the years 1932 and 1998 was conducted. METHODS Ninety-nine V. cholerae isolates collected from clinical and environmental sources from various geographical regions between 1932 and 1998 were studied by sequencing seven housekeeping genes. Genetic relatedness was defined by multiple methods that allow for the observed high levels of recombination. RESULTS Four V. cholerae subpopulations were determined. One subpopulation contained mostly environmental isolates, a second contained the cholera toxin-positive serogroup O1/O139 isolates, and the other two subpopulations were enriched for non-O1/O139 clinical isolates that were frequently clonally related to each other. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that many of these non-O1/O139 clinical isolates were phylogenetically related to common ancestors, even though the isolates had been collected up to 36 years apart and from different countries or continents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Tang
- University of Maryland College of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuansha Chen
- University of Maryland College of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Olsen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Judith A Johnson
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - G Balakrish Nair
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - O Colin Stine
- University of Maryland College of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bodekær M, Petersen B, Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Heydenreich J, Olsen P, Wulf HC. UVR exposure and vitamin D in a rural population. A study of outdoor working farmers, their spouses and children. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 13:1598-606. [PMID: 25248029 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living and working in the countryside may result in excessive UVR exposure, with increased risk of skin cancer. Some sun exposure is, however, recommended, since vitamin D production is UVB-dependent. OBJECTIVES To examine UVR exposure and vitamin D levels in a rural population of outdoor working male farmers, their indoor working spouses and their children, expected to receive high UVR exposure. METHODS Prospective, cohort study. During the summer 2009 daily, personal UVR exposure and sun behaviour were recorded by dosimetry and diaries (17 403 days). Vitamin D was measured at the end of summer and the following winter. RESULTS Risk behaviour (= exposure of shoulders/upper body to the sun), beach days, sunscreen use and sunburns were infrequent. Farmers and boys had the highest daily UVR exposure (both 1.5 SED per day), likewise on work days. On non-work days the UVR exposure was even higher (up to 2.0 SED per day). Farmers, girls and boys had a higher chronic UVR exposure than the spouses, who had more intermittent high UVR exposure. Vitamin D levels did not differ between family members. At the end of summer 16% of the participants were vitamin D insufficient, the following winter, 61%. Some UVR exposure variables correlated positively, but weakly, with vitamin D levels. CONCLUSIONS UVR exposure was generally high among this study population, however, vitamin D levels still dropped below the recommended level during winter for most participants. Differences in UVR exposure between the groups did not result in differences in vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodekær
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Khorasani M, Amigo J, Sonnergaard J, Olsen P, Bertelsen P, Rantanen J. Visualization and prediction of porosity in roller compacted ribbons with near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 109:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Norgaard T, Moldrup P, Ferré TPA, Katuwal S, Olsen P, de Jonge LW. Field-scale Variation in Colloid Dispersibility and Transport: Multiple Linear Regressions to Soil Physico-Chemical and Structural Properties. J Environ Qual 2014; 43:1764-1778. [PMID: 25603261 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.12.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water-dispersible soil colloids (WDC) act as carriers for sorbing chemicals in macroporous soils and hence constitute a significant risk for the aquatic environment. The prediction of WDC readily available for facilitated chemical transport is an unsolved challenge. This study identifies key parameters and predictive indicators for assessing field-scale variation of WDC. Samples representing three measurement scales (1- to 2-mm aggregates, intact 100-cm rings, and intact 6283 cm columns) were retrieved from the topsoil of a 1.69-ha agricultural field in a 15-m by 15-m grid to determine colloid dispersibility, mobilization, and transport. The amount of WDC was determined using (i) a laser diffraction method on 1- to 2-mm aggregates and (ii) an end-over-end shaking method on 100-cm intact rings. The accumulated amount of colloids leached from 20-cm by 20-cm intact columns was determined as a measure of the integrated colloid mobilization and transport. The WDC and the accumulated colloid transport were higher in samples from the northern part of the field. Using multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses, WDC or amount of colloids transported were predicted at the three measurement scales from 24 measured, geo-referenced parameters to identify parameters that could serve as indicator parameters for screening for colloid dispersibility, mobilization, and transport. The MLR analyses were performed at each sample scale using all, only northern, and only southern field locations. Generally, the predictive power of the regression models was best on the smallest 1- to 2-mm aggregate scale. Overall, our results suggest that different drivers controlled colloid dispersibility and transport at the three measurement scales and in the two subareas of the field.
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Olsen P, Elliott JM, Frampton C, Bradley PS. Winning or losing does matter: Acute cardiac admissions in New Zealand during Rugby World Cup tournaments. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1254-60. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487314539433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Olsen
- Department of Applied Sciences and Allied Health, Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, New Zealand
| | - JM Elliott
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - C Frampton
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - PS Bradley
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Sunderland, UK
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Petersen B, Wulf HC, Triguero-Mas M, Philipsen PA, Thieden E, Olsen P, Heydenreich J, Dadvand P, Basagaña X, Liljendahl TS, Harrison GI, Segerbäck D, Schmalwieser AW, Young AR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Sun and ski holidays improve vitamin D status, but are associated with high levels of DNA damage. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2806-2813. [PMID: 24844860 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is caused by solar UVR, which is also essential for vitamin D production. DNA damage (thymine dimers: T-T dimers) and vitamin D (25(OH)D) synthesis are both initiated by solar UVB. We aimed to investigate the simultaneous adverse and beneficial effects of solar UVB exposure in holidaymakers. Sun-seekers and skiers (n=71) were observed over 6 days through on-site monitoring, personal diary entries, and recording of personal UVB exposure doses with electronic dosimeters. Urine and blood samples were analyzed for T-T dimers and 25(OH)D, respectively. The volunteers had a statistically significant increase in vitamin D. There were strong associations between UVB exposure and post-holiday levels of T-T dimers and vitamin D, as well as between post-holiday T-T dimers and vitamin D. We conclude that UVB-induced vitamin D synthesis is associated with considerable DNA damage in the skin. These data, on two major health predictors, provide a basis for further field studies that may result in better understanding of the risks and benefits of "real life" solar exposure. However, vitamin D status can be improved more safely through the use of vitamin D dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Petersen
- Department of Dermatological Research, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hans C Wulf
- Department of Dermatological Research, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margarita Triguero-Mas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter A Philipsen
- Department of Dermatological Research, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Thieden
- Department of Dermatological Research, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Olsen
- Department of Dermatological Research, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Heydenreich
- Department of Dermatological Research, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tove S Liljendahl
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Graham I Harrison
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Segerbäck
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alois W Schmalwieser
- Unit of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antony R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Datta P, Bogh MK, Olsen P, Eriksen P, Schmedes AV, Grage MML, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. Increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 in humans after solar exposure under natural conditions compared to artificial UVB exposure of hands and face. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1817-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Olsen P. 4221 POSTER Network Focused Nursing – From Clinical Practice to Nursing Theory. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jaakkola E, Mustonen A, Olsen P, Miettinen S, Savuoja T, Raams A, Jaspers NGJ, Shao H, Wu BL, Ignatius J. ERCC6 founder mutation identified in Finnish patients with COFS syndrome. Clin Genet 2011; 78:541-7. [PMID: 20456449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (COFS) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by microcephaly, congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism, neurogenic arthrogryposis, growth failure and severe psychomotor retardation. We report a large consanguineous pedigree from northern Finland with six individuals belonging into four different sibships and affected with typical COFS syndrome phenotype. Two deceased patients have been published previously in 1982 as the first cases exhibiting cerebral calcifications typical for this disorder. Two living and one of the deceased patients were all shown to possess a novel homozygous mutation in the ERCC6 [Cockayne syndrome B (CSB)] gene, thereby confirming the diagnosis on molecular genetic level even for the earlier published cases. Genealogical investigation showed a common ancestor living in a northeastern village in Finland in the 18th century for all six patients implying a founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jaakkola
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Bradley PS, Di Mascio M, Peart D, Olsen P, Sheldon B. High-intensity activity profiles of elite soccer players at different performance levels. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:2343-51. [PMID: 19918194 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181aeb1b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to (a) determine the high-intensity activity patterns of soccer players at different performance levels and playing positions, (b) investigate temporary and end game fatigue in elite domestic and international soccer matches, and (c) quantify acceleration and maximal running speed profiles of elite soccer players. Elite domestic (n = 100) and international (n = 10) soccer players were analyzed using a multicamera computerized tracking system. No differences were found for high-intensity running distance (2,520 +/- 678 vs. 2,745 +/- 332 m), mean recovery time (67 +/- 15 vs. 71 +/- 26 seconds), or maximal running speed (7.76 +/- 0.31 vs. 7.66 +/- 0.34 mxs-1). The distance covered in high-intensity running irrespective of playing level was 18% lower (p < 0.05) in the last than in the first 15-minute period of the game (391 +/- 117 vs. 478 +/- 141 m). The decline in high-intensity running immediately after the most intense 5-minute period was similar between international (222 +/- 33 vs. 109 +/- 37 m or 51% decline) and elite domestic (243 +/- 81 vs. 114 +/- 51 m or 53% decline) players. Wide midfielders, central midfielders, fullbacks, and attackers covered a greater (p < 0.01) distance in high-intensity running than central defenders (3,243 +/- 625, 2,949 +/- 435, 2,806 +/- 408, 2,618 +/- 745 vs. 2,034 +/- 284 m). Results demonstrate that high-intensity running is reduced during various periods of elite soccer matches, and high-intensity activity profiles and fatigue patterns are similar between international and elite domestic players but vary markedly between playing positions. These data provide valuable information to the fitness coach regarding the high-intensity active profile of elite soccer players that could be used to develop soccer-specific training drills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Bradley
- Department of Sport and Exercise, Soccer Research Group, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
The aims of this study were to (1) determine the activity profiles of a large sample of English FA Premier League soccer players and (2) examine high-intensity running during elite-standard soccer matches for players in various playing positions. Twenty-eight English FA Premier League games were analysed during the 2005-2006 competitive season (n=370), using a multi-camera computerised tracking system. During a typical match, wide midfielders (3138 m, s=565) covered a greater distance in high-intensity running than central midfielders (2825 m, s= 73, P=0.04), full-backs (2605 m, s=387, P < 0.01), attackers (2341 m, s=575, P < 0.01), and central defenders (1834 m, s=256, P < 0.01). In the last 15 min of a game, high-intensity running distance was approximately 20% less than in the first 15-min period for wide midfielders (467 m, s=104 vs. 589 m, s=134, P < 0.01), central midfielders (429 m, s=106 vs. 534 m, s=99, P < 0.01), full-backs (389 m, s=95 vs. 481 m, s=114, P < 0.01), attackers (348 m, s=105 vs. 438 m, s=129, P < 0.01), and central defenders (276 m, s=93 vs. 344 m, s=80, P < 0.01). There was a similar distance deficit for high-intensity running with (148 m, s=78 vs. 193 m, s=96, P < 0.01) and without ball possession (229 m, s=85 vs. 278 m, s=97, P < 0.01) between the last 15-min and first 15-min period of the game. Mean recovery time between very high-intensity running bouts was 72 s (s=28), with a 28% longer recovery time during the last 15 min than the first 15 min of the game (83 s, s=26 vs. 65 s, s=20, P < 0.01). The decline in high-intensity running immediately after the most intense 5-min period was more evident in attackers (216 m, s=50 vs. 113 m, s=47, P < 0.01) and central defenders (182 m, s=26 vs. 96 m, s=39, P < 0.01). The results suggest that high-intensity running with and without ball possession is reduced during various phases of elite-standard soccer matches and the activity profiles and fatigue patterns vary among playing positions. The current findings provide valuable information about the high-intensity running patterns of a large sample of elite-standard soccer players, which could be useful in the development and prescription of specific training regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Bradley
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK.
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Vongsangnak W, Olsen P, Hansen K, Krogsgaard S, Nielsen J. Building Aspergillus oryzae as an efficient cell factory for enzyme production. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Clinical observations over several months of 2 flocks of White Leghorn chickens producing eggs for consumption and infected with erysipelas revealed a mortality of 13% and 33%. Egg production was not affected. Histopathological examinations showed non-specific septicemic changes of the liver, kidney and spleen. Lesions in endocardium, joints and skin, which are seen in turkeys and pigs, were not observed. From 50 birds examined from each flock, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from 78% (outbreak no. 1) and 94% (outbreak no.2) respectively. In biochemical respects the isolated strains constituted a homogeneous group. E. rhusiopathiae is usually described as negative for maltose fermentation, but this could not be confirmed in this investigation. Moreover, 2 of the isolated strains were negative for hydrogen sulphide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bisgaard
- Dept. Langaa, Institute of Avian Diseases, Langaa, Denmark
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Vongsangnak W, Olsen P, Hansen K, Krogsgaard S, Nielsen J. Improved annotation through genome-scale metabolic modeling of Aspergillus oryzae. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:245. [PMID: 18500999 PMCID: PMC2413144 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since ancient times the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae has been used in the fermentation industry for the production of fermented sauces and the production of industrial enzymes. Recently, the genome sequence of A. oryzae with 12,074 annotated genes was released but the number of hypothetical proteins accounted for more than 50% of the annotated genes. Considering the industrial importance of this fungus, it is therefore valuable to improve the annotation and further integrate genomic information with biochemical and physiological information available for this microorganism and other related fungi. Here we proposed the gene prediction by construction of an A. oryzae Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) library, sequencing and assembly. We enhanced the function assignment by our developed annotation strategy. The resulting better annotation was used to reconstruct the metabolic network leading to a genome scale metabolic model of A. oryzae. Results Our assembled EST sequences we identified 1,046 newly predicted genes in the A. oryzae genome. Furthermore, it was possible to assign putative protein functions to 398 of the newly predicted genes. Noteworthy, our annotation strategy resulted in assignment of new putative functions to 1,469 hypothetical proteins already present in the A. oryzae genome database. Using the substantially improved annotated genome we reconstructed the metabolic network of A. oryzae. This network contains 729 enzymes, 1,314 enzyme-encoding genes, 1,073 metabolites and 1,846 (1,053 unique) biochemical reactions. The metabolic reactions are compartmentalized into the cytosol, the mitochondria, the peroxisome and the extracellular space. Transport steps between the compartments and the extracellular space represent 281 reactions, of which 161 are unique. The metabolic model was validated and shown to correctly describe the phenotypic behavior of A. oryzae grown on different carbon sources. Conclusion A much enhanced annotation of the A. oryzae genome was performed and a genome-scale metabolic model of A. oryzae was reconstructed. The model accurately predicted the growth and biomass yield on different carbon sources. The model serves as an important resource for gaining further insight into our understanding of A. oryzae physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Olsen P, Rasmussen M, Zhu W, Tonnesen E, Stefano GB. Human gliomas contain morphine. Med Sci Monit 2005; 11:MS18-21. [PMID: 15874895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphine has been found in cancer cell lines originating from human and animal cells. Thus, it became important to demonstrate whether or not actual tumours contain this opiate alkaloid. MATERIAL/METHODS Human glioma tissues were biochemically treated to isolate and separate endogenous morphine via high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC peak corresponding to an authentic morphine standard had its morphine level determined via radioimmune assay. The identity of this material was established by Q-TOF-MS analysis. RESULTS Each glioma exhibited an endogenous morphine presence. Tumor extractions demonstrated a molecular mass of 286.14 da, identical to authentic morphine. Subsequent fragmentation analysis of this molecule revealed fragment masses of 129.01 da, 183.09 da and 201.07 da, corresponding to authentic morphine fragments. This material was not found in any of the solutions used in the study nor was it present as a residual material in blank HPLC runs. CONCLUSIONS Morphine is present in human gliomas, suggesting that it may exert an action that effects tumour physiology/pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsen
- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Abstract
Current methods for glycosylation of complex alcohols, e.g. with glycosyl trichloroacetimidates, generally occur in the presence of a strong Lewis acid 'promoter', and at sub-ambient temperatures. However, the older literature reports high-temperature glycosylations, especially of phenols. We have described an efficient method for glycosylation of alcohols under neutral conditions, using as anomeric leaving group methyl 3,5-dinitrosalicylate (DISAL). Only a very few reports have described the use of microwaves to promote glycosylations, mainly of simple alcohols. Here we describe fast, high-temperature glycosylations using precise microwave heating in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, with both DISAL and widely used trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors in the absence of strong Lewis acids. Also, we have applied microwave heating as a general protocol for evaluating new, potential glycosyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Larsen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Section for Bioorganic Chemistry, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Olsen P, Rasmussen M, Stefano GB, Tønnesen EK. [Morphine affects the proliferation of tumour cells]. Ugeskr Laeger 2004; 166:4347-50. [PMID: 15587623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsen
- Anaestesiologisk-lntensiv Afdeling N, Arhus Universitetshospital, Arhus Sygehus.
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Deligne S, Dharanipragada S, Gopinath R, Maison B, Olsen P, Printz H. A robust high accuracy speech recognition system for mobile applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1109/tsa.2002.804541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Costanzo MC, Crawford ME, Hirschman JE, Kranz JE, Olsen P, Robertson LS, Skrzypek MS, Braun BR, Hopkins KL, Kondu P, Lengieza C, Lew-Smith JE, Tillberg M, Garrels JI. YPD, PombePD and WormPD: model organism volumes of the BioKnowledge library, an integrated resource for protein information. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:75-9. [PMID: 11125054 PMCID: PMC29810 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The BioKnowledge Library is a relational database and web site (http://www.proteome.com) composed of protein-specific information collected from the scientific literature. Each Protein Report on the web site summarizes and displays published information about a single protein, including its biochemical function, role in the cell and in the whole organism, localization, mutant phenotype and genetic interactions, regulation, domains and motifs, interactions with other proteins and other relevant data. This report describes four species-specific volumes of the BioKnowledge Library, concerned with the model organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YPD), Schizosaccharomyces pombe (PombePD) and Caenorhabditis elegans (WormPD), and with the fungal pathogen Candida albicans (CalPD). Protein Reports of each species are unified in format, easily searchable and extensively cross-referenced between species. The relevance of these comprehensively curated resources to analysis of proteins in other species is discussed, and is illustrated by a survey of model organism proteins that have similarity to human proteins involved in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Costanzo
- Proteome, Inc., 100 Cummings Center, Suite 435M, Beverly, MA 01915, USA.
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Clausen C, Olsen P. Strategic Management and the Politics of Production in the Development of Work: A Case Study in a Danish Electronic Manufacturing Plant. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/095373200107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that asthma phenotype could probably be programmed before birth. The current study examined the impact of maternal vaginitis and febrile infections during pregnancy on the subsequent development of asthma among children. METHODS The analyses were based on 8088 children from the northern Finland birth cohort, 1985-1986. RESULTS The prevalence of asthma at age 7 was 3.5%. Children had a higher risk of asthma if their mothers experienced vaginitis and febrile infections during pregnancy, odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, (95% CI: 1.08-1.84) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.25-2.18), respectively, after adjusting for other covariates. There was a clear time trend in risk of childhood asthma corresponding to the timing of maternal febrile infections in pregnancy. The adjusted OR for the first, second and third trimesters were 2.08 (95% CI: 1.13-3.82), 1.73 (95% CI: 1.09-2.75) and 1.44 (95% CI: 0.97-2.15), respectively. Maternal history of allergic diseases, birthweight <2500 g and male gender also seemed to be risk factors for childhood asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that further investigation of the relation of maternal infections during pregnancy to asthma among children seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xu
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
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Mølck AM, Poulsen M, Tindgard Lauridsen S, Olsen P. Lack of histological cerebellar changes in Wistar rats given pulegone for 28 days. Comparison of immersion and perfusion tissue fixation. Toxicol Lett 1998; 95:117-22. [PMID: 9635415 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulegone was given orally by gavage to groups of 28 SPF Wistar rats at dosage levels of 0 or 160 mg/kg body weight per day for 28 days. Clinically treated animals showed slackness, depression, decreased food consumption, and body weight. The loss of body weight was accompanied by a marked decrease in plasma creatinine. In contrast to earlier results, this study did not reveal occurrence of cyst-like spaces in the white matter of cerebellum using either perfusion or immersion tissue fixation techniques. Pulegone increased plasma alkaline phosphatase and relative liver weight indicating an adverse effect on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mølck
- Institute of Food Safety and Toxicology, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Søborg.
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Abstract
A nested PCR method was compared with culture for the detection of Bordetella pertussis in a routine clinical diagnostic laboratory. A total of 241 clinical nasopharyngeal aspirates were examined in parallel in the laboratory. Both methods were positive for 75 samples (31%), eight samples were positive by nested PCR only (3.3%), and one sample was positive by culture only (0.4%). The mean time actually required in the clinical laboratory (not operating with pertussis diagnosis during weekends) from the day of arrival to the diagnosis of a positive or negative sample by the nested PCR assay was 1.8 +/- 1.3 days (mean +/- SD), for positive culture 4.5 +/- 1.4 days and for negative culture 10.5 +/- 1.0 days. The hands-on time in the laboratory to perform the nested PCR was 2 h, for a positive culture 25 min, and for a negative culture 15 min. The cost analysis of the methods, when running one sample at a time, showed that the laboratory cost for PCR was six times higher than culture. When running four samples together the cost for PCR was three times higher than culture. In conclusion, the nested PCR is the more rapid and sensitive method compared to culture. With the present design, the PCR-protocol involves higher material expenditure and claims more hands-on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erlandsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Orebro Medical Centre Hospital, Sweden
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Woo DD, Nguyen DK, Khatibi N, Olsen P. Genetic identification of two major modifier loci of polycystic kidney disease progression in pcy mice. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:1934-40. [PMID: 9329956 PMCID: PMC508382 DOI: 10.1172/jci119724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the uniform disease progression in inbred animals, polycystic kidney disease (PKD) progression within human families can be highly variable. This may be due to environmental or genetic factors or both. To determine if PKD severity can be influenced by modifier genes, we carried out an intercross between DBA/2-pcy/pcy and Mus m. castaneous involving 3,105 6-wk-old F2 mice. Large differences in PKD severity were observed in this cross. In addition, 23/ 800 phenotypically normal mice were pcy/pcy genotypically. These results demonstrated that PKD progression in pcy/ pcy mice is a quantitative trait that is strongly modulated by modifier genes. Whole genome quantitative trait loci mapping of 114 selected pcy/pcy mice (68 with the mild PKD and 46 with severe PKD) identified two loci, MOP1 and MOP2 that strongly modulate PKD progression. MOP1 (max LOD score = 10.3 at D4Mit111) and MOP2 (max LOD score = 13.8 at D16Mit1) accounted for 36.7 and 46.8% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Two-factor ANOVA of the phenotypes and genotypes of all 673 pcy/pcy mice from our cross indicated that MOP1 and MOP2 alleles regulate PKD progression in a complex additive manner. Characterization of these novel modifying loci may provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Woo
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1689, USA.
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Olsen P. [My workplace: Casefinding Service, Addictive Drugs Secretariat--help for the less fortunate, Oslo. Interview by Marit Fonn]. Tidsskr Sykepl 1997; 85:26-8. [PMID: 9349027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Olsen P, Mortensen A, Frandsen H, Lauridsen S, Gluver J, Nielsen T, Bertram M. 136 Age dependent development of atherosclerosis and plasma lipids in ApoE and LDLR double knock-out mice. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)87562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Espersen R, Olsen P, Nicolaisen G, Jensen B, Rasmussen E. Assessment of recovery from ocular irritancy using a human tissue equivalent model. Toxicol In Vitro 1997; 11:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(97)00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/1996] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Olsen P, Hallas-Møller T. [Why is strong licorice not healthy for children]. Ugeskr Laeger 1996; 158:7262-3. [PMID: 9012048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Olsen
- Institut for Toksikologi, Søborg
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50
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Svendsen U, Arendrup H, Nørgaard M, Olsen P, Thiis J, Mortensen S, Pettersson G. Double lung transplantation with bronchial artery revascularization using mammary artery. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:3485. [PMID: 8540060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Svendsen
- Medical Department B, State University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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