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Cook TM, Isenegger D, Dutta S, Sahab S, Kay P, Aboobucker SI, Biswas E, Heerschap S, Nikolau BJ, Dong L, Lübberstedt T. Overcoming roadblocks for in vitro nurseries in plants: induction of meiosis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1204813. [PMID: 37332695 PMCID: PMC10272530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to increase genetic gains in breeding programs of flowering plants depend on making genetic crosses. Time to flowering, which can take months to decades depending on the species, can be a limiting factor in such breeding programs. It has been proposed that the rate of genetic gain can be increased by reducing the time between generations by circumventing flowering through the in vitro induction of meiosis. In this review, we assess technologies and approaches that may offer a path towards meiosis induction, the largest current bottleneck for in vitro plant breeding. Studies in non-plant, eukaryotic organisms indicate that the in vitro switch from mitotic cell division to meiosis is inefficient and occurs at very low rates. Yet, this has been achieved with mammalian cells by the manipulation of a limited number of genes. Therefore, to experimentally identify factors that switch mitosis to meiosis in plants, it is necessary to develop a high-throughput system to evaluate a large number of candidate genes and treatments, each using large numbers of cells, few of which may gain the ability to induce meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner M. Cook
- Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel Isenegger
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Somak Dutta
- Iowa State University, Department of Statistics, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sareena Sahab
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pippa Kay
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eva Biswas
- Iowa State University, Department of Statistics, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Seth Heerschap
- Iowa State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Basil J. Nikolau
- Iowa State University, Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Liang Dong
- Iowa State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ames, IA, United States
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2
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He F, Pasam R, Shi F, Kant S, Keeble-Gagnere G, Kay P, Forrest K, Fritz A, Hucl P, Wiebe K, Knox R, Cuthbert R, Pozniak C, Akhunova A, Morrell PL, Davies JP, Webb SR, Spangenberg G, Hayes B, Daetwyler H, Tibbits J, Hayden M, Akhunov E. Exome sequencing highlights the role of wild-relative introgression in shaping the adaptive landscape of the wheat genome. Nat Genet 2019; 51:896-904. [PMID: 31043759 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introgression is a potential source of beneficial genetic diversity. The contribution of introgression to adaptive evolution and improvement of wheat as it was disseminated worldwide remains unknown. We used targeted re-sequencing of 890 diverse accessions of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat to identify wild-relative introgression. Introgression, and selection for improvement and environmental adaptation, each reduced deleterious allele burden. Introgression increased diversity genome wide and in regions harboring major agronomic genes, and contributed alleles explaining a substantial proportion of phenotypic variation. These results suggest that historic gene flow from wild relatives made a substantial contribution to the adaptive diversity of modern bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Raj Pasam
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Shi
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Pippa Kay
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerrie Forrest
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan Fritz
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Pierre Hucl
- Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Krystalee Wiebe
- Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ron Knox
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Curtis Pozniak
- Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alina Akhunova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Integrated Genomics Facility, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Peter L Morrell
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - John P Davies
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steve R Webb
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - German Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Hayes
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hans Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josquin Tibbits
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. .,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Eduard Akhunov
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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3
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Nsabiyera V, Baranwal D, Qureshi N, Kay P, Forrest K, Valárik M, Doležel J, Hayden MJ, Bariana HS, Bansal UK. Fine Mapping of Lr49 Using 90K SNP Chip Array and Flow-Sorted Chromosome Sequencing in Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1787. [PMID: 32117347 PMCID: PMC7010802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, threatens global wheat production due to the constant evolution of virulent pathotypes that defeat commercially deployed all stage-resistance (ASR) genes in modern cultivars. Hence, the deployment of combinations of adult plant resistance (APR) and ASR genes in new wheat cultivars is desirable. Adult plant resistance gene Lr49 was previously mapped on the long arm of chromosome 4B of cultivar VL404 and flanked by microsatellite markers barc163 (8.1 cM) and wmc349 (10.1 cM), neither of which was sufficiently closely linked for efficient marker assisted selection. This study used high-density SNP genotyping and flow sorted chromosome sequencing to fine-map the Lr49 locus as a starting point to develop a diagnostic marker for use in breeding and to clone this gene. Marker sunKASP_21 was mapped 0.4 cM proximal to Lr49, whereas a group of markers including sunKASP_24 were placed 0.6 cM distal to this gene. Testing of the linked markers on 75 Australian and 90 European cultivars with diverse genetic backgrounds showed that sunKASP_21 was most strongly associated with Lr49. Our results also show that the Lr49 genomic region contains structural variation relative to the reference stock Chinese Spring, possibly an inverted genomic duplication, which introduces a new set of challenges for the Lr49 cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallence Nsabiyera
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences and Environment, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Deepak Baranwal
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences and Environment, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Naeela Qureshi
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences and Environment, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Pippa Kay
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kerrie Forrest
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Miroslav Valárik
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Matthew J. Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Matthew J. Hayden, ; Urmil K. Bansal,
| | - Harbans S. Bariana
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences and Environment, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
| | - Urmil K. Bansal
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences and Environment, The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Matthew J. Hayden, ; Urmil K. Bansal,
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Ran Y, Patron N, Kay P, Wong D, Buchanan M, Cao Y, Sawbridge T, Davies JP, Mason J, Webb SR, Spangenberg G, Ainley WM, Walsh TA, Hayden MJ. Zinc finger nuclease-mediated precision genome editing of an endogenous gene in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) using a DNA repair template. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:2088-2101. [PMID: 29734518 PMCID: PMC6230953 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-specific nucleases have been used to engineer targeted genome modifications in various plants. While targeted gene knockouts resulting in loss of function have been reported with relatively high rates of success, targeted gene editing using an exogenously supplied DNA repair template and site-specific transgene integration has been more challenging. Here, we report the first application of zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated, nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)-directed editing of a native gene in allohexaploid bread wheat to introduce, via a supplied DNA repair template, a specific single amino acid change into the coding sequence of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) to confer resistance to imidazolinone herbicides. We recovered edited wheat plants having the targeted amino acid modification in one or more AHAS homoalleles via direct selection for resistance to imazamox, an AHAS-inhibiting imidazolinone herbicide. Using a cotransformation strategy based on chemical selection for an exogenous marker, we achieved a 1.2% recovery rate of edited plants having the desired amino acid change and a 2.9% recovery of plants with targeted mutations at the AHAS locus resulting in a loss-of-function gene knockout. The latter results demonstrate a broadly applicable approach to introduce targeted modifications into native genes for nonselectable traits. All ZFN-mediated changes were faithfully transmitted to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Ran
- Genovo Biotechnology Co. LtdTianjinChina
| | | | - Pippa Kay
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesCentre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBioBundooraVic.Australia
| | - Debbie Wong
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesCentre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBioBundooraVic.Australia
| | - Margaret Buchanan
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesCentre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBioBundooraVic.Australia
| | - Ying‐Ying Cao
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesCentre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBioBundooraVic.Australia
| | - Tim Sawbridge
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesCentre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBioBundooraVic.Australia
- School of Applied BiologyLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVic.Australia
| | | | - John Mason
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesCentre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBioBundooraVic.Australia
- School of Applied BiologyLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVic.Australia
| | | | - German Spangenberg
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesCentre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBioBundooraVic.Australia
- School of Applied BiologyLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVic.Australia
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Hayden
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesCentre for AgriBioscienceAgriculture Victoria ResearchAgriBioBundooraVic.Australia
- School of Applied BiologyLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVic.Australia
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5
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Sabah SA, Moon JC, Jenkins-Jones S, Morgan CL, Currie CJ, Wilkinson JM, Porter M, Captur G, Henckel J, Chaturvedi N, Kay P, Skinner JA, Hart AJ, Manisty C. The risk of cardiac failure following metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:20-27. [PMID: 29305446 PMCID: PMC6424145 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b1.bjj-2017-1065.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with metal-on-metal (MoM) arthroplasties of the hip have an increased risk of cardiac failure compared with those with alternative types of arthroplasties (non-MoM). PATIENTS AND METHODS A linkage study between the National Joint Registry, Hospital Episodes Statistics and records of the Office for National Statistics on deaths was undertaken. Patients who underwent elective total hip arthroplasty between January 2003 and December 2014 with no past history of cardiac failure were included and stratified as having either a MoM (n = 53 529) or a non-MoM (n = 482 247) arthroplasty. The primary outcome measure was the time to an admission to hospital for cardiac failure or death. Analysis was carried out using data from all patients and from those matched by propensity score. RESULTS The risk of cardiac failure was lower in the MoM cohort compared with the non-MoM cohort (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.901; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.853 to 0.953). The risk of cardiac failure was similar following matching (aHR 0.909; 95% CI 0.838 to 0.987) and the findings were consistent in subgroup analysis. CONCLUSION The risk of cardiac failure following total hip arthroplasty was not increased in those in whom MoM implants were used, compared with those in whom other types of prostheses were used, in the first seven years after surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:20-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Sabah
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex and University College London, London, UK
| | - J C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London and Barts Heart Centre, London, UK
| | - S Jenkins-Jones
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK and Global Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Ll Morgan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK and Global Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff, UK
| | - C J Currie
- Global Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Pharmatelligence, Cardiff, UK and Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J M Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK and National Joint Registry for England, Wales and Northern Ireland
| | - M Porter
- Centre for Hip Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK
| | - G Captur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK and Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, London, UK
| | - J Henckel
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK and Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - N Chaturvedi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Kay
- Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, UK
| | - J A Skinner
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
| | - A J Hart
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
| | - C Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK and Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, London, UK
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6
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Pinheiro LB, O'Brien H, Druce J, Do H, Kay P, Daniels M, You J, Burke D, Griffiths K, Emslie KR. Interlaboratory Reproducibility of Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Using a New DNA Reference Material Format. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11243-11251. [PMID: 28968098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Use of droplet digital PCR technology (ddPCR) is expanding rapidly in the diversity of applications and number of users around the world. Access to relatively simple and affordable commercial ddPCR technology has attracted wide interest in use of this technology as a molecular diagnostic tool. For ddPCR to effectively transition to a molecular diagnostic setting requires processes for method validation and verification and demonstration of reproducible instrument performance. In this study, we describe the development and characterization of a DNA reference material (NMI NA008 High GC reference material) comprising a challenging methylated GC-rich DNA template under a novel 96-well microplate format. A scalable process using high precision acoustic dispensing technology was validated to produce the DNA reference material with a certified reference value expressed in amount of DNA molecules per well. An interlaboratory study, conducted using blinded NA008 High GC reference material to assess reproducibility among seven independent laboratories demonstrated less than 4.5% reproducibility relative standard deviation. With the exclusion of one laboratory, laboratories had appropriate technical competency, fully functional instrumentation, and suitable reagents to perform accurate ddPCR based DNA quantification measurements at the time of the study. The study results confirmed that NA008 High GC reference material is fit for the purpose of being used for quality control of ddPCR systems, consumables, instrumentation, and workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo B Pinheiro
- National Measurement Institute (NMI) , Lindfield, Sydney, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Helen O'Brien
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service , Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Julian Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Hongdo Do
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Translation Genomics and Epigenomics Laboratory, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Pippa Kay
- Agri-Bio Molecular Genetics, Biosciences Research Division, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Marissa Daniels
- The Prince Charles Hospital University of Queensland , Thoracic Research Centre, Chermside, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Jingjing You
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Daniel Burke
- National Measurement Institute (NMI) , Lindfield, Sydney, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Kate Griffiths
- National Measurement Institute (NMI) , Lindfield, Sydney, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Kerry R Emslie
- National Measurement Institute (NMI) , Lindfield, Sydney, New South Wales 2070, Australia
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7
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Shi F, Tibbits J, Pasam RK, Kay P, Wong D, Petkowski J, Forrest KL, Hayes BJ, Akhunova A, Davies J, Webb S, Spangenberg GC, Akhunov E, Hayden MJ, Daetwyler HD. Exome sequence genotype imputation in globally diverse hexaploid wheat accessions. Theor Appl Genet 2017; 130:1393-1404. [PMID: 28378053 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Imputing genotypes from the 90K SNP chip to exome sequence in wheat was moderately accurate. We investigated the factors that affect imputation and propose several strategies to improve accuracy. Imputing genetic marker genotypes from low to high density has been proposed as a cost-effective strategy to increase the power of downstream analyses (e.g. genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction) for a given budget. However, imputation is often imperfect and its accuracy depends on several factors. Here, we investigate the effects of reference population selection algorithms, marker density and imputation algorithms (Beagle4 and FImpute) on the accuracy of imputation from low SNP density (9K array) to the Infinium 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for a collection of 837 hexaploid wheat Watkins landrace accessions. Based on these results, we then used the best performing reference selection and imputation algorithms to investigate imputation from 90K to exome sequence for a collection of 246 globally diverse wheat accessions. Accession-to-nearest-entry and genomic relationship-based methods were the best performing selection algorithms, and FImpute resulted in higher accuracy and was more efficient than Beagle4. The accuracy of imputing exome capture SNPs was comparable to imputing from 9 to 90K at approximately 0.71. This relatively low imputation accuracy is in part due to inconsistency between 90K and exome sequence formats. We also found the accuracy of imputation could be substantially improved to 0.82 when choosing an equivalent number of exome SNP, instead of 90K SNPs on the existing array, as the lower density set. We present a number of recommendations to increase the accuracy of exome imputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shi
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Josquin Tibbits
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Raj K Pasam
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Pippa Kay
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Debbie Wong
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanna Petkowski
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kerrie L Forrest
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben J Hayes
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Alina Akhunova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Integrated Genomics Facility, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | | | - German C Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduard Akhunov
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Matthew J Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, Agriculture Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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8
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Chaabane S, Hoffman C, Kim G, Kay P, Yarosh C, Koh W, Jahr J. A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study evaluating the effects of two new IV medications, IV acetaminophen and/or IV ibuprofen, on standard of care pain and antiemetic management in uterine fibroid embolization patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Hughes SR, Kay P, Brown LE. Impact of anti-inflammatories, beta-blockers and antibiotics on leaf litter breakdown in freshwaters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:3956-3962. [PMID: 26635223 PMCID: PMC4737798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are now recognised as important pollutants in freshwater systems, but a shortcoming of effects studies is that they have focused on structural endpoints and impacts on ecosystem functioning are poorly understood. The decomposition of organic matter is an important functional process in aquatic systems, and it is known that this can be impacted by the presence of pollutants. Previous studies on leaf litter breakdown have only considered the effects of antibiotics and not other groups of drugs though. The current study investigated the effects of anti-inflammatories, a beta-blocker and an antibiotic on microbially mediated breakdown of leaf litter in the laboratory; colonisation of leaf packs by benthic macroinvertebrates when placed in a stream; and shredding of leaf litter by these organisms. Furthermore, the effects of single compounds relative to their mixture were assessed. It was found that exposure of leaf litter to the study compounds did not influence its breakdown by microbes in the laboratory or macroinvertebrates in a stream. Exposure of leaf litter to pharmaceuticals also had no effect on its colonisation by macroinvertebrates in this study. Many unknowns remain, however, and further studies of the effects of pharmaceuticals on structural and functional endpoints are needed to aid aquatic conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Hughes
- School of Geography/water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- JBA Consulting Ltd, The Old School House, St Joseph's Street, Tadcaster, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - P Kay
- School of Geography/water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - L E Brown
- School of Geography/water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
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10
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Shinozuka H, Cogan NOI, Shinozuka M, Marshall A, Kay P, Lin YH, Spangenberg GC, Forster JW. A simple method for semi-random DNA amplicon fragmentation using the methylation-dependent restriction enzyme MspJI. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:25. [PMID: 25887558 PMCID: PMC4396059 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragmentation at random nucleotide locations is an essential process for preparation of DNA libraries to be used on massively parallel short-read DNA sequencing platforms. Although instruments for physical shearing, such as the Covaris S2 focused-ultrasonicator system, and products for enzymatic shearing, such as the Nextera technology and NEBNext dsDNA Fragmentase kit, are commercially available, a simple and inexpensive method is desirable for high-throughput sequencing library preparation. MspJI is a recently characterised restriction enzyme which recognises the sequence motif CNNR (where R = G or A) when the first base is modified to 5-methylcytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. RESULTS A semi-random enzymatic DNA amplicon fragmentation method was developed based on the unique cleavage properties of MspJI. In this method, random incorporation of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate is achieved through DNA amplification with DNA polymerase, followed by DNA digestion with MspJI. Due to the recognition sequence of the enzyme, DNA amplicons are fragmented in a relatively sequence-independent manner. The size range of the resulting fragments was capable of control through optimisation of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate concentration in the reaction mixture. A library suitable for sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform was prepared and processed using the proposed method. Alignment of generated short reads to a reference sequence demonstrated a relatively high level of random fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method may be performed with standard laboratory equipment. Although the uniformity of coverage was slightly inferior to the Covaris physical shearing procedure, due to efficiencies of cost and labour, the method may be more suitable than existing approaches for implementation in large-scale sequencing activities, such as bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based genome sequence assembly, pan-genomic studies and locus-targeted genotyping-by-sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shinozuka
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University Research and Development Park, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Bundoora, Australia.
| | - Noel O I Cogan
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University Research and Development Park, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Bundoora, Australia.
| | - Maiko Shinozuka
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University Research and Development Park, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Bundoora, Australia.
| | - Alexis Marshall
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University Research and Development Park, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Bundoora, Australia.
| | - Pippa Kay
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University Research and Development Park, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Yi-Han Lin
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University Research and Development Park, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Bundoora, Australia.
| | - German C Spangenberg
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University Research and Development Park, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Bundoora, Australia. .,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - John W Forster
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Biosciences Research Division, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University Research and Development Park, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,Dairy Futures Cooperative Research Centre, Bundoora, Australia. .,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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Sathananthan G, Flynn C, Scott D, Kay P, Harrison W, Kerr A. Percutaneous coronary intervention rates and outcomes of coronary angiography in patients with prior CABG - an ANZACS-QI single centre study. Heart Lung Circ 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.04.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Webster J, Nolan C, Sternberg H, Kay P, Webster M. Numbering by color: the perception of summary statistics in color distributions. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Lin A, Oh T, Alawami M, Chow K, Looi K, Looi J, Ellis C, Webster M, El-Jack S, Scott D, Stewart J, Ormiston J, Armstrong G, Khan A, Kay P, Harrison W, Gamble G, Ruygrok P. Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) for ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients: The 2012 Auckland/Northland Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Kay P, Groszmann M, Ross JJ, Parish RW, Swain SM. Modifications of a conserved regulatory network involving INDEHISCENT controls multiple aspects of reproductive tissue development in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2013; 197:73-87. [PMID: 23126654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Disrupting pollen tube growth and fertilization in Arabidopsis plants leads to reduced seed set and silique size, providing a powerful genetic system with which to identify genes with important roles in plant fertility. A transgenic Arabidopsis line with reduced pollen tube growth, seed set and silique growth was used as the progenitor in a genetic screen to isolate suppressors with increased seed set and silique size. This screen generated a new allele of INDEHISCENT (IND), a gene originally identified by its role in valve margin development and silique dehiscence (pod shatter). IND forms part of a regulatory network that involves several other transcriptional regulators and involves the plant hormones GA and auxin. Using GA and auxin mutants that alter various aspects of reproductive development, we have identified novel roles for IND, its paralogue HECATE3, and the MADS box proteins SHATTERPROOF1/2 in flower and fruit development. These results suggest that modified forms of the regulatory network originally described for the Arabidopsis valve margin, which include these genes and/or their recently evolved paralogs, function in multiple components of GA/auxin-regulated reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kay
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Botany, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - M Groszmann
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - J J Ross
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - R W Parish
- Department of Botany, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - S M Swain
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Holden J, Chapman PJ, Palmer SM, Kay P, Grayson R. The impacts of prescribed moorland burning on water colour and dissolved organic carbon: a critical synthesis. J Environ Manage 2012; 101:92-103. [PMID: 22406849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Discolouration of natural surface waters due to the humic component of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a costly problem for water supply companies. This paper reviews what is known about the impacts of prescribed moorland vegetation burning on water colour. Relevant research has taken place at three scales: laboratory experiments on peat cores, plot scale sampling of soil waters and catchment scale sampling of stream waters. While laboratory studies suggest burning increases colour production, the evidence from catchment and plot studies is contradictory. Plot studies suggest colour production may decrease or remain unchanged following burning although there is evidence for some transient changes. Catchment studies suggest prescribed moorland burning causes stream water colour to increase, although in most cases the evidence is not clear cut since most studies could not clearly disentangle the effects of burning from those of vegetation cover. The differences in findings between plot and catchment studies may be explained by: i) the short-term nature of some studies which do not measure long-term response and recovery times to burning; ii) the lack of colour measurements from shallow soil depths which contribute more to streamflow than soil water from deeper in the peat; and iii) the possibility of hydrological interactions occurring between different experimental plots at some sites. Additionally, the increase in recent patch burning in some catchments that has been statistically attributed by some authors to increases in stream water colour cannot be reconciled with theoretical calculations. When dilution with waters derived from other parts of the catchment are taken into account, large values of colour have to be theoretically derived from those recently burnt areas that occupy a small proportion of the catchment area in order to balance the change in stream water colour observed in recent years. Therefore, much further process-based work is required to properly investigate whether prescribed vegetation burning is a direct driver of enhanced colour and DOC in upland streams, rivers and lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Holden
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Ormiston J, Webster M, De Vroey F, Stewart J, El Jack S, Kay P, Webber B. Stent Recoil: A Bench Comparison of 12 Drug-eluting Stent (DES) Platforms. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Swain S, Kay P, Ogawa M. Preventing unwanted breakups: using polygalacturonases to regulate cell separation. Plant Signal Behav 2011; 6:93-7. [PMID: 21248492 PMCID: PMC3122015 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.1.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation is an important biological process in plants that is precisely regulated both spatially and temporally. Key separation events include abscission of organs such as leaves and fruit and dehiscence events such as pod shatter in canola and other Brassicas. Polygalacturonases (PGs) are enzymes essential for the degradation of pectin, an important component of the adhesive material between cells. Although there are around 70 PG genes with overlapping expression domains, recent analysis has revealed the function of several PGs in specific aspects of Arabidopsis reproductive development. Upstream regulators that control the expression domain of some of these PGs during reproductive development have also been identified. This information provides new strategies to control unwanted cell separation events in various crops.
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Brown LE, Mitchell G, Holden J, Folkard A, Wright N, Beharry-Borg N, Berry G, Brierley B, Chapman P, Clarke SJ, Cotton L, Dobson M, Dollar E, Fletcher M, Foster J, Hanlon A, Hildon S, Hiley P, Hillis P, Hoseason J, Johnston K, Kay P, McDonald A, Parrott A, Powell A, Slack RJ, Sleigh A, Spray C, Tapley K, Underhill R, Woulds C. Priority water research questions as determined by UK practitioners and policy makers. Sci Total Environ 2010; 409:256-266. [PMID: 21035169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several recent studies have emphasised the need for a more integrated process in which researchers, policy makers and practitioners interact to identify research priorities. This paper discusses such a process with respect to the UK water sector, detailing how questions were developed through inter-disciplinary collaboration using online questionnaires and a stakeholder workshop. The paper details the 94 key questions arising, and provides commentary on their scale and scope. Prioritization voting divided the nine research themes into three categories: (1) extreme events (primarily flooding), valuing freshwater services, and water supply, treatment and distribution [each >150/1109 votes]; (2) freshwater pollution and integrated catchment management [100-150 votes] and; (3) freshwater biodiversity, water industry governance, understanding and managing demand and communicating water research [50-100 votes]. The biggest demand was for research to improve understanding of intervention impacts in the water environment, while a need for improved understanding of basic processes was also clearly expressed, particularly with respect to impacts of pollution and aquatic ecosystems. Questions that addressed aspects of appraisal, particularly incorporation of ecological service values into decision making, were also strongly represented. The findings revealed that sustainability has entered the lexicon of the UK water sector, but much remains to be done to embed the concept operationally, with key sustainability issues such as resilience and interaction with related key sectors, such as energy and agriculture, relatively poorly addressed. However, the exercise also revealed that a necessary condition for sustainable development, effective communication between scientists, practitioners and policy makers, already appears to be relatively well established in the UK water sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Brown
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Gleick PH, Adams RM, Amasino RM, Anders E, Anderson DJ, Anderson WW, Anselin LE, Arroyo MK, Asfaw B, Ayala FJ, Bax A, Bebbington AJ, Bell G, Bennett MVL, Bennetzen JL, Berenbaum MR, Berlin OB, Bjorkman PJ, Blackburn E, Blamont JE, Botchan MR, Boyer JS, Boyle EA, Branton D, Briggs SP, Briggs WR, Brill WJ, Britten RJ, Broecker WS, Brown JH, Brown PO, Brunger AT, Cairns J, Canfield DE, Carpenter SR, Carrington JC, Cashmore AR, Castilla JC, Cazenave A, Chapin FS, Ciechanover AJ, Clapham DE, Clark WC, Clayton RN, Coe MD, Conwell EM, Cowling EB, Cowling RM, Cox CS, Croteau RB, Crothers DM, Crutzen PJ, Daily GC, Dalrymple GB, Dangl JL, Darst SA, Davies DR, Davis MB, De Camilli PV, Dean C, DeFries RS, Deisenhofer J, Delmer DP, DeLong EF, DeRosier DJ, Diener TO, Dirzo R, Dixon JE, Donoghue MJ, Doolittle RF, Dunne T, Ehrlich PR, Eisenstadt SN, Eisner T, Emanuel KA, Englander SW, Ernst WG, Falkowski PG, Feher G, Ferejohn JA, Fersht A, Fischer EH, Fischer R, Flannery KV, Frank J, Frey PA, Fridovich I, Frieden C, Futuyma DJ, Gardner WR, Garrett CJR, Gilbert W, Goldberg RB, Goodenough WH, Goodman CS, Goodman M, Greengard P, Hake S, Hammel G, Hanson S, Harrison SC, Hart SR, Hartl DL, Haselkorn R, Hawkes K, Hayes JM, Hille B, Hökfelt T, House JS, Hout M, Hunten DM, Izquierdo IA, Jagendorf AT, Janzen DH, Jeanloz R, Jencks CS, Jury WA, Kaback HR, Kailath T, Kay P, Kay SA, Kennedy D, Kerr A, Kessler RC, Khush GS, Kieffer SW, Kirch PV, Kirk K, Kivelson MG, Klinman JP, Klug A, Knopoff L, Kornberg H, Kutzbach JE, Lagarias JC, Lambeck K, Landy A, Langmuir CH, Larkins BA, Le Pichon XT, Lenski RE, Leopold EB, Levin SA, Levitt M, Likens GE, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Lorand L, Lovejoy CO, Lynch M, Mabogunje AL, Malone TF, Manabe S, Marcus J, Massey DS, McWilliams JC, Medina E, Melosh HJ, Meltzer DJ, Michener CD, Miles EL, Mooney HA, Moore PB, Morel FMM, Mosley-Thompson ES, Moss B, Munk WH, Myers N, Nair GB, Nathans J, Nester EW, Nicoll RA, Novick RP, O'Connell JF, Olsen PE, Opdyke ND, Oster GF, Ostrom E, Pace NR, Paine RT, Palmiter RD, Pedlosky J, Petsko GA, Pettengill GH, Philander SG, Piperno DR, Pollard TD, Price PB, Reichard PA, Reskin BF, Ricklefs RE, Rivest RL, Roberts JD, Romney AK, Rossmann MG, Russell DW, Rutter WJ, Sabloff JA, Sagdeev RZ, Sahlins MD, Salmond A, Sanes JR, Schekman R, Schellnhuber J, Schindler DW, Schmitt J, Schneider SH, Schramm VL, Sederoff RR, Shatz CJ, Sherman F, Sidman RL, Sieh K, Simons EL, Singer BH, Singer MF, Skyrms B, Sleep NH, Smith BD, Snyder SH, Sokal RR, Spencer CS, Steitz TA, Strier KB, Südhof TC, Taylor SS, Terborgh J, Thomas DH, Thompson LG, Tjian RT, Turner MG, Uyeda S, Valentine JW, Valentine JS, Van Etten JL, van Holde KE, Vaughan M, Verba S, von Hippel PH, Wake DB, Walker A, Walker JE, Watson EB, Watson PJ, Weigel D, Wessler SR, West-Eberhard MJ, White TD, Wilson WJ, Wolfenden RV, Wood JA, Woodwell GM, Wright HE, Wu C, Wunsch C, Zoback ML. Climate change and the integrity of science. Science 2010; 328:689-90. [PMID: 20448167 DOI: 10.1126/science.328.5979.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Malkoc G, Kay P, Webster MA. Individual differences in hue scaling. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/3.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Webster MA, Kay P. Variation in focal color choices across languages of the world color survey. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Malkoc G, Webster MA, Kay P. Individual differences in color categories. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Miller J, Ost L, Kay P, Collette D. Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor of the Bladder Treated with Arterioembolization and Excision. Curr Urol 2010. [DOI: 10.1159/000253410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Armstrong A, Holden J, Kay P, Foulger M, Gledhill S, McDonald AT, Walker A. Drain-blocking techniques on blanket peat: A framework for best practice. J Environ Manage 2009; 90:3512-3519. [PMID: 19576680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in artificial drain-blocking in world peatlands. The UK blanket peatlands have been severely drained over the past few decades but now drains are being blocked in an attempt to improve peatland environments. The drain-blocking has been a disparate process with limited knowledge transfer between organisations and within organisations operating in different geographic areas. Consequently, there has been no compilation of techniques used and their effectiveness. During this study thirty-two drain-blocked sites were surveyed and all the key stakeholders interviewed. Drain-blocking using peat turf was preferred by practitioners and was also the most cost-effective method. Peat turves were successful except on steep slopes, in areas of severe erosion, in very wet or very dry locations, or if the mineral substrate was exposed. A drain-blocking best practice guide is offered by this paper, providing information on the most suitable methods for blocking peatland drains under different circumstances. Additional considerations are provided for practitioners to ensure peatland drain-blocking is as successful as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Armstrong
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Ogawa M, Kay P, Wilson S, Swain SM. ARABIDOPSIS DEHISCENCE ZONE POLYGALACTURONASE1 (ADPG1), ADPG2, and QUARTET2 are Polygalacturonases required for cell separation during reproductive development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2009; 21:216-33. [PMID: 19168715 PMCID: PMC2648098 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation is thought to involve degradation of pectin by several hydrolytic enzymes, particularly polygalacturonase (PG). Here, we characterize an activation tagging line with reduced growth and male sterility caused by increased expression of a PG encoded by QUARTET2 (QRT2). QRT2 is essential for pollen grain separation and is part of a small family of three closely related endo-PGs in the Arabidopsis thaliana proteome, including ARABIDOPSIS DEHISCENCE ZONE POLYGALACTURONASE1 (ADPG1) and ADPG2. Functional assays and complementation experiments confirm that ADPG1, ADPG2, and QRT2 are PGs. Genetic analysis demonstrates that ADPG1 and ADPG2 are essential for silique dehiscence. In addition, ADPG2 and QRT2 contribute to floral organ abscission, while all three genes contribute to anther dehiscence. Expression analysis is consistent with the observed mutant phenotypes. INDEHISCENT (IND) encodes a putative basic helix-loop-helix required for silique dehiscence, and we demonstrate that the closely related HECATE3 (HEC3) gene is required for normal seed abscission and show that IND and HEC3 are required for normal expression of ADPG1 in the silique dehiscence zone and seed abscission zone, respectively. We also show that jasmonic acid and ethylene act together with abscisic acid to regulate floral organ abscission, in part by promoting QRT2 expression. These results demonstrate that multiple cell separation events, including both abscission and dehiscence, require closely related PG genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Ogawa
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Mail bag, Merbein, Victoria 3505, Australia
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To ACY, Kay P, Khan A, Kerr AJ. CORONARY ARTERY ANATOMY IN APICAL BALLOONING SYNDROME. Heart Lung Circ 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2008.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ranchord AM, Kay P, Tanner H, Harrison W, Ratnayeke M, Swampillai J, Plunkett S, Harding SA. SURGEONS AND ANAESTHETISTS REQUIRE EDUCATION ABOUT THE TIMING OF ELECTIVE SURGERY AND PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH DRUG ELUTING STENTS. Heart Lung Circ 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2008.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gladding PA, Webster MW, Kay P. Late Drug-eluting Stent Thrombosis and Erythropoietin: Cause and Effect? Heart Lung Circ 2007; 16:305-7. [PMID: 17446131 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A case of late thrombosis of a sirolimus-eluting stent, 16 months after implantation, is described. Two weeks prior to presentation with stent thrombosis the patient had a 50% dose increase of longterm erythropoietin. The prothrombotic effect of erythropoietin may have precipitated the thrombotic event.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Gladding
- Auckland City Hospital, Greenlane Cardiovascular Service, Park Rd., Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Drivonikou GV, Kay P, Regier T, Ivry RB, Gilbert AL, Franklin A, Davies IRL. Further evidence that Whorfian effects are stronger in the right visual field than the left. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:1097-102. [PMID: 17213312 PMCID: PMC1783370 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610132104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Whorf hypothesis holds that differences between languages induce differences in perception and/or cognition in their speakers. Much of the experimental work pursuing this idea has focused on the domain of color and has centered on the issue of whether linguistically coded color categories influence color discrimination. A new perspective has been cast on the debate by recent results that suggest that language influences color discrimination strongly in the right visual field but not in the left visual field (LVF). This asymmetry is likely related to the contralateral projection of visual fields to cerebral hemispheres and the specialization of the left hemisphere for language. The current study presents three independent experiments that replicate and extend these earlier results by using different tasks and testing across different color category boundaries. Our results differ in one respect: although we find that Whorfian effects on color are stronger for stimuli in the right visual field than in the LVF, we find that there are significant category effects in the LVF as well. The origin of the significant category effect in the LVF is considered, and two factors that might account for the pattern of results are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. V. Drivonikou
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P. Kay
- International Computer Science Institute, 1947 Center Street, Berkeley, CA 94704
- Department of Linguistics and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - T. Regier
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Calfornia, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - R. B. Ivry
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - A. L. Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - A. Franklin
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - I. R. L. Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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Board TN, Mann J, Rooney P, Eagle M, Hogg P, Kay P, Kearney J. P62 Processing of Whole Femoral Head Allografts: Efficacy and Biological Compatability of a New Procesing Technique. Transfus Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_62.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Goldoni S, Iozzo RA, Kay P, Campbell S, McQuillan A, Agnew C, Zhu JX, Keene DR, Reed CC, Iozzo RV. A soluble ectodomain of LRIG1 inhibits cancer cell growth by attenuating basal and ligand-dependent EGFR activity. Oncogene 2006; 26:368-81. [PMID: 16847455 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains-1 (LRIG1) is a transmembrane protein with an ectodomain containing 15 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) homologous to mammalian decorin and the Drosophila kekkon1 gene. In this study, we demonstrate that a soluble ectodomain of LRIG1, containing only the LRRs, inhibits ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and causes growth inhibition of A431, HeLa and MDA-468 carcinoma cells. In contrast, cells that do not express detectable levels of EGFR fail to respond to soluble LRIG1. However, when a functional EGFR gene is introduced in these cells, they become growth-inhibited by soluble LRIG1 protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate the existence of high-affinity (K(d)=10 nM) binding sites on the A431 cells that can be competitively displaced (up to 75%) by molar excess of EGF. Even more powerful effects are obtained with a chimeric proteoglycan harboring the N-terminus of decorin, substituted with a single glycosaminoglycan chain, fused to the LRIG1 ectodomain. Both proteins also inhibit ligand-dependent activation of the EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 signaling in a rapid and dose-dependent manner. These results suggest a novel mechanism of action evoked by a soluble ectodomain of LRIG1 protein that could modulate EGFR signaling and its growth-promoting activity. Attenuation of EGFR activity without physical downregulation of the receptor could represent a novel therapeutic approach toward malignancies in which EGFR plays a primary role in tumor growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldoni
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Pradhan NR, Bale L, Kay P, Porter ML. Salvage revision total knee replacement using the Endo-Model rotating hinge prosthesis. Knee 2004; 11:469-73. [PMID: 15581766 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2003] [Revised: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inability to balance a knee in complex revision total knee replacement has led to the use of rotating hinged knee devices in these cases as a salvage procedure. We conducted a retrospective study of 50 patients receiving 51 Endo-Model rotating hinge prosthesis with an average follow-up of 4 years (range 2-6 years). Clinical and radiological results were reviewed at latest follow-up. Five patients died from unrelated causes. Reasons for revision were infection (23), aseptic loosening (23), implant failure (3), stiffness (1) and peri-prosthetic fracture (1). The average number of previous surgery from and including the primary arthroplasty was three (ranges 1-14). Seven patients required plastic surgery for soft tissue cover. There was notable improvement in the pain, stability, range of motion and mobility of the patients with an improvement in the Hospital for Special Surgery Score (35.9 to 72.17). Postoperatively, 11 (22%) had an excellent HSS grade, 22 (44%) good grade, 10 (19%) fair grade and 8 (15%) poor grade. A significant number of our patients had an extremely low preoperative HSS score, and for these patients, an improvement to a fair grade HSS score was a satisfactory and realistic outcome. Forty-four (86%) patients were satisfied with the outcome of the revision surgery, 3 (6%) noncommittal and 4 (8%) disappointed. Comparing revision for infection vs. aseptic loosening, 22 (95%) patients out of 23 were satisfied in the aseptic loosening group vs. 17 (74%) out of 23 were satisfied in the infected group. In selected complex cases, salvage revision surgery shows encouraging results in the short to medium term using the Endo-Model rotating hinge prosthesis. A knee score such as the Hospital for Special Surgery score (objective outcome) should be used in conjunction with a patient satisfaction questionnaire (subjective outcome) in assessing the clinical outcome of complex, salvage revision knee surgery. Revision for infected total knee replacement is less likely to produce a satisfactory outcome as compared to revision for aseptic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Pradhan
- Centre of Hip Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Hall Lane, Appley Bridge, Wigan WN6 9EP Lancashire, UK.
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Hardy JL, Frederick CM, Kay P, Werner JS. Color naming and lens brunescence. J Vis 2004. [DOI: 10.1167/4.8.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
The impact of veterinary medicines on the environment will depend on a number of factors including physicochemical properties, amount used and method of administration, treatment type and dose, animal husbandry practices, manure storage and handling practices, metabolism within the animal, and degradation rates in manure and slurry. Once released to the environment, other factors such as soil type, climate, and ecotoxicity also determine the environmental impact of the compound. The importance of individual routes into the environment for different types of veterinary medicines varies according to the type of treatment and livestock category. Treatments used in aquaculture have a high potential to reach the aquatic environment. The main routes of entry to the terrestrial environment are from the use of veterinary medicines in intensively reared livestock, via the application of slurry and manure to land, and by the use of veterinary medicines in pasture-reared animals where pharmaceutical residues are excreted directly into the environment. Veterinary medicines applied to land via spreading of slurry may also enter the aquatic environment indirectly via surface runoff or leaching to groundwater. It is likely that topical treatments have greater potential to be released to the environment than treatments administered orally or by injection. Inputs from the manufacturing process, companion animal treatments, and disposal are likely to be minimal in comparison. Monitoring studies demonstrate that veterinary medicines do enter the environment, with sheep dip chemicals, antibiotics, sealice treatments, and anthelmintics being measured in soils, groundwater, surface waters, sediment, or biota. Maximum concentrations vary across chemical classes, with very high concentrations being reported for the sheep dip chemicals. The degree to which veterinary medicines may adsorb to particulates varies widely. Partition coefficients (K(d)) range from low (0.61 L kg(-1)) to high (6000 L kg(-1)). The variation in partitioning for many of the compounds in different soils was significant (up to a factor of 30), but these differences could be not be explained by normalization to the organic carbon content of the soils. Thus, to arrive at a realistic assessment of the availability of veterinary medicines for transport through the soil and uptake into soil organisms, the K(oc) (which is used in many of the exposure models) may not be an appropriate measure. Transport of particle-associated substances from soil to surface waters has also been demonstrated. Veterinary medicines can persist in soils for days to years, and half-lives are influenced by a range of factors including temperature, pH, and the presence of manure. The persistence of major groups of veterinary medicines in soil, manure, slurry, and water varies across and within classes. Ecotoxicity data were available for a wide range of veterinary medicines. The acute and chronic effects of avermectins and sheep dip chemicals on aquatic organisms are well documented, and these substances are known to be toxic to many organisms at low concentrations (ng L(-1) to microg L(-1)). Concerns have also been raised about the possibility of indirect effects of these substances on predatory species (e.g., birds and bats). Data for other groups indicate that toxicity values are generally in the mg L(-1) range. For the antibiotics, toxicity is greater for certain species of algae and marine bacteria. Generally, toxicity values for antibacterial agents were significantly higher than reported environmental concentrations. However, because of a lack of appropriate toxicity data, it is difficult to assess the environmental significance of these observations with regard to subtle long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B A Boxall
- Cranfield Centre for EcoChemistry, Shardlow Hall, Shardlow, Derby DE72 2GN, UK
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Kay P. Color categories are not arbitrary. J Vis 2002. [DOI: 10.1167/2.10.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Malkoc G, Kay P, Webster MA. Individual differences in unique and binary hues. J Vis 2002. [DOI: 10.1167/2.10.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aim of this randomised prospective study was to establish whether the use of knee splints following total knee replacement is necessary. The study included 81 patients undergoing total knee replacement who were randomised into a 'splint' and a 'no splint' group post-operatively. The following parameters were recorded: The range of movement pre-operatively, 5 days post-operatively and 6 weeks post-operatively; the length of time to straight leg raise; the blood drained from the wound; and the amount of post-operative analgesia required. We found that patients in the 'no splint' group achieved significantly greater flexion at 5 days and 6 weeks post-operatively but drained significantly more blood from the wound. Transfusion requirements were similar in the two groups. There was no other significant difference in the parameters measured between the two groups. In conclusion we found no evidence to advocate the use of knee splints following total knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zenios
- North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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Kay P. The vitamin K controversy. Birth Gaz 2002; 16:19-21. [PMID: 11899341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Marais DJ, Best JM, Rose RC, Keating P, Soeters R, Denny L, Dehaeck CM, Nevin J, Kay P, Passmore JA, Williamson AL. Oral antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 in women with cervical neoplasia. J Med Virol 2001; 65:149-54. [PMID: 11505457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) antibodies detected in oral fluid from women with cervical neoplasia, their HPV-16 antibody seroprevalence, and their cervical HPV-16 DNA presence. Cervical HPV-16 DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 43.2% (35/81) of these women. The prevalence of IgG and IgA antibodies to HPV-16 virus-like particles (VLP-16) in oral fluid and was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-VLP-16 IgA antibodies were detected in oral fluid from 54.3% (44/81) of women with cervical neoplasia, compared with 8% (3/36) in controls (P = 0.000002). Anti-VLP-16 IgG was detected in oral fluid from 43.2.9% (25/72) and 13.3% (4/30; P = 0.029), respectively. Women who were HPV-16 DNA positive at their cervical lesion, displayed an oral fluid anti-VLP-16 IgA prevalence of 60.7% (17/28) and HPV-16 DNA negative women an oral fluid anti-VLP-16 IgA prevalence of 50% (20/40; P = 0.38). Oral fluid anti-VLP-16 IgG prevalence in HPV-16 DNA positive women was 28.6% (8/28) compared with 40% (16/40) in oral fluid from HPV-16 DNA negative women (P = 0.3). Amongst HPV-16 DNA positive women, the anti-VLP-16 IgG seroprevalence was 75% (21/28) and IgA seroprevalence 35.7% (10/28) and for the HPV-16 DNA negative women these values were 60% (24/40) and 32.5% (13/40), respectively. Oral IgA antibody testing proved no more sensitive than serum antibody detection for the determination of HPV infection but could be useful as a non-invasive screening method for women with cervical neoplasia and for estimating the mucosal antibody response to HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Marais
- University of Cape Town, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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Brownlow HC, Benjamin S, Andrew JG, Kay P. Disability and mental health of patients waiting for total hip replacement. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2001; 83:128-33. [PMID: 11320923 PMCID: PMC2503328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a cross sectional study to examine the relationship between physical function and mental health of patients waiting for total hip replacement surgery, and the relationship between physical and social function and mental health to time spent waiting for surgery. We found that, in addition to the expected poor hip function, limited mobility and pain, one-quarter of the patients had clinically significant mood disorders and another quarter were in the borderline range. No association was found between severity of mental disorder and assessment of hip function. The patients had been waiting for 1-26 months (median 6 months) for surgery: yet those waiting longest were no worse on any of the outcome measures and their mental health was better. We conclude that mental disorders are common in patients waiting for hip replacements, are not directly related to hip function and their origins are unknown, but they require clinical assessment and treatment. There is no evidence that physical or social function or mental health are worse in those waiting longer for hip replacement surgery. Even so, these patients are severely disabled and some have to wait too long.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Brownlow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sarcomas of the liver are extremely rare in adults. Optimal therapeutic approaches remain unclear. METHODS Twenty consecutive adult patients who had surgical treatment for primary hepatic sarcomas were reviewed. Patient age ranged from 23 to 80 years. Other than one patient with primary hepatic angiosarcoma who had a history of thorium dioxide colloid (Thorotrast) exposure 23 years before diagnosis, no predisposing causes were apparent. Nineteen patients had hepatic resection and one patient had an orthotopic liver transplant. No patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy but radiotherapy was delivered intraoperatively in one patient. RESULTS Leiomyosarcoma was the most common histological type of sarcoma diagnosed (five of 20 patients), followed by malignant solitary fibrous tumour (four) and epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (three). Fourteen tumours were high-grade sarcomas and six were low grade malignancies. Thirteen patients developed a recurrence. Distant metastases (ten patients) and intrahepatic recurrence (six) were the predominant sites of initial treatment failure. Six patients received salvage chemotherapy. Histological grade was the only factor significantly associated with overall patient survival (P= 0.03). With complete resection, patients with high-grade tumours had a 5-year survival rate of 18 (95 per cent confidence interval 5-62) per cent compared with 80 (52-100) per cent for patients with low-grade tumours. The 5-year survival rate for all 20 patients was 37 (20-60) per cent. CONCLUSION Surgical resection is the only effective therapy for primary hepatic sarcomas at present. Better adjuvant therapy is necessary, especially for high-grade malignancies, owing to the high failure rate with operation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Poggio
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Marais DJ, Vardas E, Ramjee G, Allan B, Kay P, Rose RC, Williamson AL. The impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 status on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and HPV antibodies in serum and cervical secretions. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1239-42. [PMID: 10979925 DOI: 10.1086/315815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2000] [Revised: 07/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected (HIV-positive) and -uninfected (HIV-negative) sex workers were examined for the presence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Cervicovaginal rinse and serum samples from these women were examined for IgG and IgA antibodies to HPV-16 virus-like particles (VLP-16) by ELISA. The HIV-positive women displayed a significantly higher prevalence of HPV DNA (40/47 [85%]) than did the HIV-negative women (22/52 [42%]; P=.00001). Both HIV-positive and HIV-negative sex workers displayed a high seroprevalence rate for anti-VLP-16 IgG antibodies (27/40 [68%] and 30/43 [70%], respectively), but significantly fewer HIV-positive women than HIV-negative women had anti-VLP-16 serum IgA (6/40 [15%] vs. 17/43 [40%], respectively; P=.012). Significantly more HIV-positive women than HIV-negative women had cervical anti-VLP-16 IgG antibodies (16/49 [33%] vs. 6/63 [10%], respectively; P=.002) but not IgA antibodies (P=.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Marais
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Marais DJ, Rose RC, Lane C, Kay P, Nevin J, Denny L, Soeters R, Dehaeck CM, Williamson AL. Seroresponses to human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 virus-like particles in South African women with cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Med Virol 2000; 60:403-10. [PMID: 10686023 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(200004)60:4<403::aid-jmv7>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 in woman in Cape Town with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (n = 95), cervical cancer (n = 40), female blood donors (n = 95) and children (n = 110). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) made use of baculovirus synthesised HPV virus like particles (VLPs) as antigen. Antibodies to at least one HPV type were detected in sera from 75% of cancer patients, 71.6% of CIN patients, 44.2% of blood donors and 27.3% of children. Sera from 95 women with CIN were compared with age-matched female blood donors. There was a significant association of seropositivity to VLP-16 (P = 0.006) and VLP-45 (P = 0.008) with CIN compared with the blood donors. There was also a significant difference in the seropositivity of women with CIN to any of the five virus-like particle (VLP) types compared to the blood donors (P = 0.0002: OR = 3.2). Thirty-nine of sixty-nine (56.5%) women with CIN were found to be HPV-16 DNA positive. The average age of women in this group that were VLP-16 seropositive was 34 years and those found to be VLP-16 seronegative was 52 years of age. Antibodies to all five VLP types were detected in these populations, thus an ideal vaccine should induce protection from infection by a wide range of HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Marais
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the importance of the duration and intensity of "warm up" exercise for reducing ischaemia during second exercise in patients with exertional angina. DESIGN Randomised crossover comparison of three warm up exercise protocols. PATIENTS 18 subjects with stable ischaemic heart disease and > 0.1 mV ST segment depression on treadmill exercise testing. INTERVENTIONS The warm up protocols were 20 minutes of slow exercise at 2.7 km/h, symptom limited graded exercise for a mean of 7.4 (range 5.0 to 10.5) minutes, and three minutes of symptom limited fast exercise of similar maximum intensity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ST segment depression during graded treadmill exercise undertaken 10 minutes after each warm up protocol or no warm up exercise. RESULTS Compared with exercise with no warm up, the duration of graded exercise after earlier slow warm up increased by 4.9% (95% confidence interval (CI), -3.3% to 13.7%), after graded warm up by 10.3% (95% CI, 5.6% to 15.2%), and after fast warm up by 16% (95% CI, 6.2% to 26.7%). ST segment depression at equivalent submaximal exercise decreased after slow warm up by 27% (95% CI, 5% to 44%), after graded warm up by 31% (95% CI, 17% to 44%), and after fast warm up by 47% (95% CI, 27% to 61%). Compared with slow warm up exercise, the more intense graded and fast warm up protocols significantly increased the duration of second exercise (p = 0.0072) and reduced both peak ST depression (p = 0.0026) and the rate of increase of ST depression (p = 0.0069). CONCLUSIONS In patients with exertional angina the size of the warm up response is related to the maximum intensity rather than the duration of first exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kay
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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de Feyter PJ, Kay P, Disco C, Serruys PW. Reference chart derived from post-stent-implantation intravascular ultrasound predictors of 6-month expected restenosis on quantitative coronary angiography. Circulation 1999; 100:1777-83. [PMID: 10534464 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.17.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided stent implantation and the availability of a reference chart to predict the expected in-stent restenosis rate based on operator-dependent IVUS parameters may interactively facilitate optimal stent placement. The use of IVUS guidance protects against undue risks of dissection or rupture. METHODS AND RESULTS IVUS-determined post-stent-implantation predictors of 6-month in-stent restenosis on quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) were identified by logistic regression analysis. These predictors were used to construct a reference chart that predicts the expected 6-month QCA restenosis rate. IVUS and QCA data were obtained from 3 registries (MUSIC [Multicenter Ultrasound Stenting in Coronaries study], WEST-II [West European Stent Trial II], and ESSEX [European Scimed Stent EXperience]) and 2 randomized in-stent restenosis trials (ERASER [Evaluation of ReoPro And Stenting to Eliminate Restenosis] and TRAPIST [TRApidil vs placebo to Prevent In-STent intimal hyperplasia]). In-stent restenosis was defined as luminal diameter stenosis >50% by QCA. IVUS predictors were minimum and mean in-stent area, stent length, and in-stent diameter. Multiple models were constructed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The model containing minimum in-stent area and stent length best fit the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. This model was used to construct a reference chart to calculate the expected 6-month restenosis rate. CONCLUSIONS The expected 6-month in-stent restenosis rate after stent implantation for short lesions in relatively large vessels can be predicted by use of in-stent minimal area (which is inversely related to restenosis) and stent length (which is directly related to restenosis), both of which can be read from a simple reference chart.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J de Feyter
- University Hospital Rotterdam-Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
Myf-3 is the human homologue of the murine Myo-D1 gene involved in muscle-cell differentiation. Using Southern blot analysis, we examined methylation of Myf-3 in histologically normal colonic mucosae, adenomas and carcinomas from a large series of patients with primary colorectal cancer. Hypermethylation of this gene in comparison with normal mucosa was observed in 88% of adenomas and in 99% of carcinomas. The pattern of Myf-3 methylation was similar in different areas of the same tumour, suggesting that methylation imbalances occur before the bulk of clonal-cell expansion. Significantly increased levels of Myf-3 methylation were observed in tumours which were more invasive, located in the proximal colon or from older patients. Patients whose tumours had extensive methylation showed a trend for shortened survival, though this was probably related to their being more invasive. Extensive methylation was significantly more frequent in tumours with microsatellite instability. Further work is required to determine whether the hypermethylation of Myf-3 observed in colorectal cancers is a specific alteration with functional significance or whether it reflects non-specific methylation imbalances occurring early during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shannon
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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