1
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Weets CM, Katz R. Global approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance: a comprehensive analysis of water, sanitation and hygiene policies. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013855. [PMID: 38413102 PMCID: PMC10900347 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) contributes to a high burden of disease and exacerbates factors that promote the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Enforceable policies are foundational to curbing inappropriate use of antimicrobials and providing safe WASH. While many countries have established National Action Plans for AMR that include provisions for WASH, few have codified these plans into legally enforceable policy. Here, we provide a comprehensive map and describe the current regulatory environment for WASH. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the WASH-related policies in 193 countries. Policies were identified, collated, and categorised into a publicly available repository. RESULTS A total of 672 policies met the criteria for inclusion in the dataset. No category of WASH-related policies had been adopted by all countries included in the study. Policy categories that were potentially more difficult to enforce in light of economic and governance limitations tended to be more prevalent and diverse, whereas policies in categories that were highly resource intensive and specific were less universal. Countries with gaps in policy categories also tended to be regionally clustered. While countries in the South Asian and European WHO regions had nearly universal policy coverage across all countries, the presence of policies was inconsistent across countries in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions. CONCLUSION While decision-makers should rely on knowing which policies work best to mitigate the burden of WASH-related disease and AMR development, they must first have a comprehensive understanding of the current regulatory environment. Researchers and decision-makers need to know which policies work best and under what circumstances. The global mapping of WASH policies, which may have implications for AMR development, serves as a foundation for future policy analysis for AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Weets
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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2
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Weets CM, Eaneff S, Katz R. An incomplete picture: data limitations in costed National Action Plans for Health Security (NAPHS). BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014067. [PMID: 38382979 PMCID: PMC10882315 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Weets
- Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science and Security, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Stephanie Eaneff
- Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science and Security, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science and Security, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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3
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Katz R, Sridhar D. A decision-making tree for policy responses to a pathogen with pandemic potential. Nat Med 2024; 30:327-329. [PMID: 38321221 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Devi Sridhar
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK.
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4
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Katz R, Toole K, Robertson H, Case A, Kerr J, Robinson-Marshall S, Schermerhorn J, Orsborn S, Van Maele M, Zimmerman R, Stevens T, Phelan A, Carlson C, Graeden E. Open data for COVID-19 policy analysis and mapping. Sci Data 2023; 10:491. [PMID: 37500627 PMCID: PMC10374886 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded in the spring of 2020, governments around the world began to implement policies to mitigate and manage the outbreak. Significant research efforts were deployed to track and analyse these policies in real-time to better inform the response. While much of the policy analysis focused narrowly on social distancing measures designed to slow the spread of disease, here, we present a dataset focused on capturing the breadth of policy types implemented by jurisdictions globally across the whole-of-government. COVID Analysis and Mapping of Policies (COVID AMP) includes nearly 50,000 policy measures from 150 countries, 124 intermediate areas, and 235 local areas between January 2020 and June 2022. With up to 40 structured and unstructured characteristics encoded per policy, as well as the original source and policy text, this dataset provides a uniquely broad capture of the governance strategies for pandemic response, serving as a critical data source for future work in legal epidemiology and political science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kate Toole
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hailey Robertson
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jordan Schermerhorn
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan Zimmerman
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tess Stevens
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexandra Phelan
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Colin Carlson
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ellie Graeden
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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5
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Carlson C, Katz R. WHO ends public health emergency designation for mpox. BMJ 2023; 381:p1190. [PMID: 37277145 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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6
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Katz R. Challenges of tracking funding for pandemic preparedness and response. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e310-e311. [PMID: 36706769 PMCID: PMC9873267 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Katz
- Georgetown University, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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7
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Carlson CJ, Boyce MR, Dunne M, Graeden E, Lin J, Abdellatif YO, Palys MA, Pavez M, Phelan AL, Katz R. The World Health Organization's Disease Outbreak News: A retrospective database. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0001083. [PMID: 36962988 PMCID: PMC10021193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) notifies the global community about disease outbreaks through the Disease Outbreak News (DON). These online reports tell important stories about both outbreaks themselves and the high-level decision making that governs information sharing during public health emergencies. However, they have been used only minimally in global health scholarship to date. Here, we collate all 2,789 of these reports from their first use through the start of the Covid-19 pandemic (January 1996 to December 2019), and develop an annotated database of the subjective and often inconsistent information they contain. We find that these reports are dominated by a mix of persistent worldwide threats (particularly influenza and cholera) and persistent epidemics (like Ebola virus disease in Africa or MERS-CoV in the Middle East), but also document important periods in history like the anthrax bioterrorist attacks at the turn of the century, the spread of chikungunya and Zika virus to the Americas, or even recent lapses in progress towards polio elimination. We present three simple vignettes that show how researchers can use these data to answer both qualitative and quantitative questions about global outbreak dynamics and public health response. However, we also find that the retrospective value of these reports is visibly limited by inconsistent reporting (e.g., of disease names, case totals, mortality, and actions taken to curtail spread). We conclude that sharing a transparent rubric for which outbreaks are considered reportable, and adopting more standardized formats for sharing epidemiological metadata, might help make the DON more useful to researchers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Carlson
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Boyce
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Margaret Dunne
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Graeden
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jessica Lin
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yasser Omar Abdellatif
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Max A. Palys
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Munir Pavez
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Alexandra L. Phelan
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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8
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Eaneff S, Boyce MR, Graeden E, Lowrance D, Moore M, Katz R. Financing global health security: estimating the costs of pandemic preparedness in Global Fund eligible countries. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-008960. [PMID: 36639159 PMCID: PMC9842596 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Eaneff
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew R Boyce
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ellie Graeden
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Lowrance
- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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9
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Simon R, Shay R, Bergam B, Katz R, Delaney S. Gastroschisis ultrasound bowel characteristics demonstrate minimal impact on perinatal outcomes. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:639-647. [PMID: 38043025 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bowel dilation and bowel wall thickness are common prenatal ultrasound measurements for fetuses with gastroschisis. Data regarding antenatal sonographic bowel findings and postnatal outcomes are conflicting. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of in utero bowel measurements on perinatal outcomes in gastroschisis pregnancies. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 116 pregnancies complicated by gastroschisis between 2011 and 2020. We reviewed ultrasounds documenting fetal bowel measurements. To evaluate the association of these measurements with antepartum and delivery outcomes, we ran logistic and linear models using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Eleven perinatal outcomes reached statistical significance, although with minimal clinical impact given small magnitude of effect. Intra-abdominal bowel dilation was associated with a 0.5 week decrease in delivery gestational age (GA) (95% CI -0.07, -0.03) and a 6.93 g increase in birth weight (95% CI 1.54, 28.73). Intra-abdominal bowel wall thickness was associated with later GA of non-stress test (NST) start of 0.22 weeks (95% CI 0.07, 0.37), increased delivery GA of 0.08 weeks (95% CI 0.02, 0.15), 0.006 decrease in umbilical artery (UA) pH (95% CI -0.009, -0.003), 0.26 increase in UA base deficit (95% CI 0.09, 0.43), and decreased odds of cesarean delivery (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70, 0.99). Extra-abdominal bowel wall thickness was associated with a 0.1 increase in UA base deficit (95% CI 0.02, 0.19) and a 0.05 increase in 5-min APGAR score (95% CI 0.01, 0.09). Stomach cross-section was associated with a 0.01 week decrease in delivery GA (95% CI -0.02, -0.001) and increased odds of receiving betamethasone (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.04). CONCLUSIONS In utero bowel characteristics reached statistical significance for several outcomes, but with minimal meaningful clinical differences in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Simon
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Shay
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Bergam
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Katz
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Delaney
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Boyce MR, Meyer MJ, Kraemer JD, Katz R. Financial Assistance for Health Security: Effects of International Financial Assistance on Capacities for Preventing, Detecting, and Responding to Public Health Emergencies. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:2054-2061. [PMID: 34634886 PMCID: PMC9808276 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health security funding is intended to improve capacities for preventing, detecting, and responding to public health emergencies. Recent years have witnessed substantial increases in the amounts of donor financial assistance to health security from countries, philanthropies, and other development partners. To date, no work has examined the effects of assistance on health security capacity development over time. This paper presents an analysis of the time-lagged effects of assistance for health security (AHS) on levels of capacity. METHODS We collected publicly available health security assessment scores published between 2010 and 2019 and data relating to financial AHS. Using validated methods, we rescaled assessment scores on analogous scales to enable comparison and binned them in quartiles. We then used a distributed lag model (DLM) in a Bayesian ordinal regression framework to assess the effects of AHS on capacity development over time. RESULTS Strong evidence exists for associations between financial assistance and select capacities on a variety of lagged time intervals. Financial assistance had positive effects on zoonotic disease capacities in the year it was disbursed, and positive effects on legislation, laboratory, workforce, and risk communication capacities one year after disbursal. Financial assistance had negative effects on laboratory and emergency response capacities two years after it was disbursed. Financial assistance did not have measurable effects on coordination, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), food safety, biosafety, surveillance, or response preparedness capacities over the timeframe considered. CONCLUSION Financial AHS is associated with positive effects for several core health security capacities. However, for the majority of capacities, levels of funding were not significantly associated with capacity level, though we cannot fully exclude endogeneity. Future work should continue to investigate these relationships in different contexts and examine other factors that may contribute to capacity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Boyce
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark J. Meyer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John D. Kraemer
- Department of Health Systems Administration, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Luo D, Thompson R, Katz R, Odland I, Li T, Langer D, Becker L, Duroseau Y, Godbout B. 260 Improving Patient Satisfaction With Mobile-Based Real-Time Results Sharing in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Batson AM, Spawton KA, Katz R, du Toit LJ. Cladosporium Leaf Spot Caused by Cladosporium variabile in Winter High Tunnel Production of Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea) in Maine, United States. Plant Dis 2022; 106:PDIS11212424PDN. [PMID: 35100834 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2424-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Batson
- Washington State University Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Mount Vernon, WA 98273
| | - K A Spawton
- Washington State University Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Mount Vernon, WA 98273
| | - R Katz
- Johnny's Selected Seeds, Winslow, ME 04901
| | - L J du Toit
- Washington State University Mount Vernon Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center, Mount Vernon, WA 98273
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13
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Covas P, Liu B, Swamy S, Bourne M, Alafarj M, Cantlay C, Newman E, Sidahmed A, Bradley A, Choi B, Lichtenberger J, Zeman R, Katz R, Earls J, Choi A. 415 Canary In A Coal Mine In NSTEMI? AI-QCT Evaluation Of Atherosclerosis And 2-year Outcomes After CCTA. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Kraemer MUG, Tegally H, Pigott DM, Dasgupta A, Sheldon J, Wilkinson E, Schultheiss M, Han A, Oglia M, Marks S, Kanner J, O'Brien K, Dandamudi S, Rader B, Sewalk K, Bento AI, Scarpino SV, de Oliveira T, Bogoch II, Katz R, Brownstein JS. Tracking the 2022 monkeypox outbreak with epidemiological data in real-time. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:941-942. [PMID: 35690074 PMCID: PMC9629664 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz U G Kraemer
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - David M Pigott
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, DC, USA
| | - Abhishek Dasgupta
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - James Sheldon
- The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Eduan Wilkinson
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Aimee Han
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark Oglia
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Spencer Marks
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joshua Kanner
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Katelynn O'Brien
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sudheer Dandamudi
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin Rader
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kara Sewalk
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana I Bento
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Pandemic Prevention Institute, The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel V Scarpino
- The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA; Pandemic Prevention Institute, The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Isaac I Bogoch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - John S Brownstein
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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15
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Tan YR, Agrawal A, Matsoso MP, Katz R, Davis SLM, Winkler AS, Huber A, Joshi A, El-Mohandes A, Mellado B, Mubaira CA, Canlas FC, Asiki G, Khosa H, Lazarus JV, Choisy M, Recamonde-Mendoza M, Keiser O, Okwen P, English R, Stinckwich S, Kiwuwa-Muyingo S, Kutadza T, Sethi T, Mathaha T, Nguyen VK, Gill A, Yap P. A call for citizen science in pandemic preparedness and response: beyond data collection. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009389. [PMID: 35760438 PMCID: PMC9237878 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the need to partner with the community in pandemic preparedness and response in order to enable trust-building among stakeholders, which is key in pandemic management. Citizen science, defined here as a practice of public participation and collaboration in all aspects of scientific research to increase knowledge and build trust with governments and researchers, is a crucial approach to promoting community engagement. By harnessing the potential of digitally enabled citizen science, one could translate data into accessible, comprehensible and actionable outputs at the population level. The application of citizen science in health has grown over the years, but most of these approaches remain at the level of participatory data collection. This narrative review examines citizen science approaches in participatory data generation, modelling and visualisation, and calls for truly participatory and co-creation approaches across all domains of pandemic preparedness and response. Further research is needed to identify approaches that optimally generate short-term and long-term value for communities participating in population health. Feasible, sustainable and contextualised citizen science approaches that meaningfully engage affected communities for the long-term will need to be inclusive of all populations and their cultures, comprehensive of all domains, digitally enabled and viewed as a key component to allow trust-building among the stakeholders. The impact of COVID-19 on people’s lives has created an opportune time to advance people’s agency in science, particularly in pandemic preparedness and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Roe Tan
- International Digital Health & AI Research Collaborative (I-DAIR), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepath, Haryana, India
| | - Malebona Precious Matsoso
- Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Witwatersrand, Member of IPPPR, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sara L M Davis
- Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annalena Huber
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Ashish Joshi
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ayman El-Mohandes
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Mellado
- School of Physics and Institute for Collider Particle Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Subatomic Physics, iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, Somerset West, South Africa
| | | | | | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harjyot Khosa
- International Planned Parenthood Federation, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeffrey Victor Lazarus
- Hospital Cliínic, University of Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Choisy
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Univerity of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi MInh, Viet Nam
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Core, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Olivia Keiser
- Institute of Global Health, Universite de Geneve, Geneva, GE, Switzerland
| | | | - Rene English
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | | | | - Tariro Kutadza
- Zimbabwe National Network of People Living with HIV (ZNNP+), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tavpritesh Sethi
- Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Thuso Mathaha
- School of Physics and Institute for Collider Particle Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vinh Kim Nguyen
- Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amandeep Gill
- International Digital Health & AI Research Collaborative (I-DAIR), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peiling Yap
- International Digital Health & AI Research Collaborative (I-DAIR), Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Kamradt-Scott A, Teo YY, Katz R. Singapore Statement on Global Health Security. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009949. [PMID: 35760439 PMCID: PMC9237860 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kamradt-Scott
- School of Transnational Governance, European University Institute, Firenze, Toscana, Italy
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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17
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Carlin EP, Graeden E, Robertson H, Katz R. Informing Pandemic Preparedness Through a Digital Global Health Security Library. Health Secur 2022; 20:256-260. [PMID: 35404134 PMCID: PMC10818047 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2021.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen P. Carlin
- Ellen P. Carlin, DVM, is an Assistant Research Professor, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Ellie Graeden
- Ellie Graeden, PhD, is an Associate Research Professor (Adjunct), Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Ellie Graeden is also Chief Operating Officer, Talus Analytics, Boulder, CO
| | - Hailey Robertson
- Hailey Robertson is a Researcher and Data Analyst, Talus Analytics, Boulder, CO
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Rebecca Katz, PhD, MPH, is a Professor, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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18
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Schermerhorn J, Case A, Graeden E, Kerr J, Moore M, Robinson-Marshall S, Wallace T, Woodrow E, Katz R. Fifteen days in December: capture and analysis of Omicron-related travel restrictions. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-008642. [PMID: 35296466 PMCID: PMC8928247 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the identification of the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in late November 2021, governments worldwide took actions intended to minimise the impact of the new variant within their borders. Despite guidance from the WHO advising a risk-based approach, many rapidly implemented stringent policies focused on travel restrictions. In this paper, we capture 221 national-level travel policies issued during the 3 weeks following publicisation of the Omicron variant. We characterise policies based on whether they target travellers from specific countries or focus more broadly on enhanced screening, and explore differences in approaches at the regional level. We find that initial reactions almost universally focused on entry bans and flight suspensions from Southern Africa, and that policies continued to target travel from these countries even after community transmission of the Omicron variant was detected elsewhere in the world. While layered testing and quarantine requirements were implemented by some countries later in this 3-week period, these enhanced screening policies were rarely the first response. The timing and conditionality of quarantine and testing requirements were not coordinated between countries or regions, creating logistical complications and burdening travellers with costs. Overall, response measures were rarely tied to specific criteria or adapted to match the unique epidemiology of the new variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Schermerhorn
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Ellie Graeden
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Talus Analytics, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin Kerr
- Talus Analytics, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Siobhan Robinson-Marshall
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Emily Woodrow
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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19
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Wang HH, Katz R, Fanghanel J, Schaak RE, Gopalan V. Erratum: "Ultrasensitive electrode-free and co-catalyst-free detection of nanomoles per hour hydrogen evolution for the discovery of new photocatalysts" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 025002 (2022)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:039902. [PMID: 35365008 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Hugo Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Julian Fanghanel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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20
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Katz R, Abu Ahmed M, Safadi A, Roizman S, Zisman A, Kabha M, Dekel Y, Baniel J, Aharoni S. The Butterfly transurethral device for BPH - more than one year experience. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Wang HH, Katz R, Fanghanel J, Schaak RE, Gopalan V. Ultrasensitive electrode-free and co-catalyst-free detection of nanomoles per hour hydrogen evolution for the discovery of new photocatalysts. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:025002. [PMID: 35232165 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High throughput theoretical methods are increasingly used to identify promising photocatalytic materials for hydrogen generation from water as a clean source of energy. While most promising water splitting candidates require co-catalyst loading and electrical biasing, computational costs to predict them a priori become large. It is, therefore, important to identify bare, bias-free semiconductor photocatalysts with small initial hydrogen production rates, often in the range of tens of nanomoles per hour, as these can become highly efficient with further co-catalyst loading and biasing. Here, we report a sensitive hydrogen detection system suitable for screening new photocatalysts. The hydrogen evolution rate of the prototypical rutile TiO2 loaded with 0.3 wt. % Pt is detected to be 78.0 ± 0.8 µmol/h/0.04 g, comparable with the rates reported in the literature. In contrast, sensitivity to an ultralow evolution rate of 11.4 ± 0.3 nmol/h/0.04 g is demonstrated for bare polycrystalline TiO2 without electrical bias. Two candidate photocatalysts, ZnFe2O4 (18.1 ± 0.2 nmol/h/0.04 g) and Ca2PbO4 (35.6 ± 0.5 nmol/h/0.04 g) without electrical bias or co-catalyst loading, are demonstrated to be potentially superior to bare TiO2. This work expands the techniques available for sensitive detection of photocatalytic processes toward much faster screening of new candidate photocatalytic materials in their bare state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Hugo Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Julian Fanghanel
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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22
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Eaneff S, Graeden E, McClelland A, Katz R. Investing in global health security: Estimating cost requirements for country-level capacity building. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000880. [PMID: 36962802 PMCID: PMC10021513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical gaps in global capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious diseases. To effectively allocate investments that address these gaps, it is first necessary to quantify the extent of the need, evaluate the types of resources and activities that require additional support, and engage the global community in ongoing assessment, planning, and implementation. Which investments are needed, where, to strengthen health security? This work aims to estimate costs to strengthen country-level health security, globally and identify associated cost drivers. The cost of building public health capacity is estimated based on investments needed, per country, to progress towards the benchmarks identified by the World Health Organization's Joint External Evaluation (JEE). For each country, costs are estimated to progress to a score of "demonstrated capacity" (4) across indicators. Over five years, an estimated US$124 billion is needed to reach "demonstrated capacity" on each indicator of the JEE for each of the 196 States Parties to the International Health Regulations (IHR). Personnel costs, including skilled health, public health, and animal health workers, are the single most influential cost driver, comprising 66% of total costs. These findings, and the data generated by this effort, provide cost estimates to inform ongoing health security financing discussions at the global level. The results highlight the significant need for sustainable financing mechanisms for both workforce development and ongoing support for the health and public health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Eaneff
- Georgetown University Center for Health Science and Security, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Ellie Graeden
- Georgetown University Center for Health Science and Security, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | | | - Rebecca Katz
- Georgetown University Center for Health Science and Security, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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23
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Carlson CJ, Farrell MJ, Grange Z, Han BA, Mollentze N, Phelan AL, Rasmussen AL, Albery GF, Bett B, Brett-Major DM, Cohen LE, Dallas T, Eskew EA, Fagre AC, Forbes KM, Gibb R, Halabi S, Hammer CC, Katz R, Kindrachuk J, Muylaert RL, Nutter FB, Ogola J, Olival KJ, Rourke M, Ryan SJ, Ross N, Seifert SN, Sironen T, Standley CJ, Taylor K, Venter M, Webala PW. The future of zoonotic risk prediction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200358. [PMID: 34538140 PMCID: PMC8450624 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the light of the urgency raised by the COVID-19 pandemic, global investment in wildlife virology is likely to increase, and new surveillance programmes will identify hundreds of novel viruses that might someday pose a threat to humans. To support the extensive task of laboratory characterization, scientists may increasingly rely on data-driven rubrics or machine learning models that learn from known zoonoses to identify which animal pathogens could someday pose a threat to global health. We synthesize the findings of an interdisciplinary workshop on zoonotic risk technologies to answer the following questions. What are the prerequisites, in terms of open data, equity and interdisciplinary collaboration, to the development and application of those tools? What effect could the technology have on global health? Who would control that technology, who would have access to it and who would benefit from it? Would it improve pandemic prevention? Could it create new challenges? This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease macroecology: parasite diversity and dynamics across the globe'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Carlson
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Maxwell J. Farrell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoe Grange
- Public Health Scotland, Glasgow G2 6QE, UK
| | - Barbara A. Han
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA
| | - Nardus Mollentze
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexandra L. Phelan
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Angela L. Rasmussen
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Gregory F. Albery
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Bernard Bett
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David M. Brett-Major
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lily E. Cohen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA
| | - Evan A. Eskew
- Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Anna C. Fagre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristian M. Forbes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rory Gibb
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sam Halabi
- O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Charlotte C. Hammer
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9
| | - Renata L. Muylaert
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Felicia B. Nutter
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Rourke
- Law Futures Centre, Griffith Law School, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Department of Geography and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Noam Ross
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Stephanie N. Seifert
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claire J. Standley
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Kishana Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marietjie Venter
- Zoonotic Arbo and Respiratory Virus Program, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok 20500, Kenya
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24
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Covas P, Liu B, Newman E, Jennings R, Crabtree T, Min J, Krepp J, Choi B, Lewis J, Reiner J, Katz R, Earls J, Choi A. Artificial Intelligence Guided Evaluation Of Atherosclerosis And Vessel Morphology In Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction From Cardiac Computed Tomography (AI NSTEMI-CCTA). J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Katz R, Abu Ahmed M, Safadi A, Roizman S, Zisman A, Maharan K, Dekel Y, Baniel J, Aharoni S. The Butterfly: A novel minimally invasive transurethral retraction device for BPH. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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DeVita T, Brett-Major D, Katz R. How are healthcare provider systems preparing for health emergency situations? World Med Health Policy 2021; 14:102-120. [PMID: 34226853 PMCID: PMC8242524 DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural disasters, disease outbreaks, famine, and human conflict have strained communities everywhere over the course of human existence. However, modern changes in climate, human mobility, and other factors have increased the global community's vulnerability to widespread emergencies. We are in the midst of a disruptive health event, with the COVID-19 pandemic testing our health provider systems globally. This study presents a qualitative analysis of published literature, obtained systematically, to examine approaches health providers are taking to prepare for and respond to mass casualty incidents around the globe. The research reveals emerging trends in the weaknesses of systems' disaster responses while highlighting proposed solutions, so that others may better prepare for future disasters. Additionally, the research examines gaps in the literature, to foster more targeted and actionable contributions to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy DeVita
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - David Brett-Major
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed cities establishing themselves as major players in addressing global issues, often taking collective action through international city networks and organizations. These networks are important, as they amplify the voices of municipal officials, who are often excluded from high-level decision-making, and can also provide a platform for officials from low- or middle-income nations to participate in higher-level political forums. The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has included traditional public health stakeholders—including supranational organizations, international non-governmental organizations and national authorities—but has also featured mayors and city networks, in an unprecedented fashion. Existing networks without an explicit focus on health have shifted their focuses to prioritize pandemic response and several new networks have been created. These developments are significant, not only because they represent a shift in health governance and policy, but also because cities and urban networks more broadly have exhibited a nimbleness and pragmatism unmatched by higher levels of governance. These characteristics could prove beneficial for addressing the current pandemic, as well as future health issues and emergencies. Furthermore, given the relative lack of engagement with health security issues before the COVID-19 pandemic, the drastic health and economic impacts associated with it, and the demonstrable value added by strong city leadership, there are an open policy window and a compelling case for continued city engagement in health security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Boyce
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Room NW 306, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Room NW 306, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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28
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Boyce MR, Attal-Juncqua A, Lin J, McKay S, Katz R. Global Fund contributions to health security in ten countries, 2014-20: mapping synergies between vertical disease programmes and capacities for preventing, detecting, and responding to public health emergencies. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e181-e188. [PMID: 33482139 PMCID: PMC8448292 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is a robust vertical global health programme. The extent to which vertical programmes financially support health security has not been investigated. We, therefore, endeavoured to quantify the extent to which the budgets of this vertical programme support health security. We believe this is a crucial area of work as the global community works to combine resources for COVID-19 response and future pandemic preparedness. METHODS We examined budgets for work in Kenya, Uganda, Vietnam, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone from January, 2014 to December, 2020. These ten countries were selected because of the robustness of investments and the availability of data. Using the International Health Regulations Joint External Evaluation (JEE) tool as a framework, we mapped budget line items to health security capacities. Two researchers independently reviewed each budget and mapped items to the JEE. Budgets were then jointly reviewed until a consensus was reached regarding if an item supported health security directly, indirectly, or not at all. The budgets for the study countries were inputted into a single Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and line items that mapped to JEE indicators were scaled up to their respective JEE capacity. Descriptive analyses were then done to determine the total amount of money budgeted for activities that support health security, how much was budgeted for each JEE capacity, and how much of the support was direct or indirect. FINDINGS The research team reviewed 37 budgets. Budgets totalled US$6 927 284 966, and $2 562 063 054 (37·0%) of this mapped to JEE capacities. $1 330 942 712 (19·2%) mapped directly to JEE capacities and $1 231 120 342 (17·8%) mapped indirectly to JEE capacities. Laboratory systems, antimicrobial resistance, and the deployment of medical countermeasures and personnel received the most overall budgetary support; laboratory systems, antimicrobial resistance, and workforce development received the greatest amount of direct budgetary support. INTERPRETATION Over one-third of the Global Fund's work also supports health security and the organisation has budgeted more than $2 500 000 000 for activities that support health security in ten countries since 2014. Although these funds were not budgeted specifically for health security purposes, recognising how vertical programmes can synergistically support other global health efforts has important implications for policy related to health systems strengthening. FUNDING Resolve to Save Lives: An Initiative of Vital Strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Boyce
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aurelia Attal-Juncqua
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephanie McKay
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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29
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Kraemer MUG, Scarpino SV, Marivate V, Gutierrez B, Xu B, Lee G, Hawkins JB, Rivers C, Pigott DM, Katz R, Brownstein JS. Data curation during a pandemic and lessons learned from COVID-19. Nat Comput Sci 2021; 1:9-10. [PMID: 38217160 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-020-00015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel V Scarpino
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
| | - Vukosi Marivate
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernardo Gutierrez
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Graham Lee
- Research Software Engineering Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jared B Hawkins
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Rivers
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Pigott
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - John S Brownstein
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Lewis G, Jordan JL, Relman DA, Koblentz GD, Leung J, Dafoe A, Nelson C, Epstein GL, Katz R, Montague M, Alley EC, Filone CM, Luby S, Church GM, Millett P, Esvelt KM, Cameron EE, Inglesby TV. The biosecurity benefits of genetic engineering attribution. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6294. [PMID: 33293537 PMCID: PMC7722838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology can be misused, and the risk of this causing widespread harm increases in step with the rapid march of technological progress. A key security challenge involves attribution: determining, in the wake of a human-caused biological event, who was responsible. Recent scientific developments have demonstrated a capability for detecting whether an organism involved in such an event has been genetically modified and, if modified, to infer from its genetic sequence its likely lab of origin. We believe this technique could be developed into powerful forensic tools to aid the attribution of outbreaks caused by genetically engineered pathogens, and thus protect against the potential misuse of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lewis
- Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
- Alt. Technology Labs, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | | | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine; and Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory D Koblentz
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jade Leung
- Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Allan Dafoe
- Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Cassidy Nelson
- Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerald L Epstein
- Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction, National Defense University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Montague
- Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan C Alley
- Alt. Technology Labs, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Luby
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George M Church
- Alt. Technology Labs, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piers Millett
- Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- International Genetically Engineered Machine Competition, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M Esvelt
- Alt. Technology Labs, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
- Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas V Inglesby
- Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cable J, Heymann DL, Uzicanin A, Tomori O, Marinissen MJ, Katz R, Kerr L, Lurie N, Parker GW, Madad S, Maldin Morgenthau B, Osterholm MT, Borio L. Pandemic diseases preparedness and response in the age of COVID-19-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1489:17-29. [PMID: 33155324 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
For years, experts have warned that a global pandemic was only a matter of time. Indeed, over the past two decades, several outbreaks and pandemics, from SARS to Ebola, have tested our ability to respond to a disease threat and provided the opportunity to refine our preparedness systems. However, when a novel coronavirus with human-to-human transmissibility emerged in China in 2019, many of these systems were found lacking. From international disputes over data and resources to individual disagreements over the effectiveness of facemasks, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed several vulnerabilities. As of early November 2020, the WHO has confirmed over 46 million cases and 1.2 million deaths worldwide. While the world will likely be reeling from the effects of COVID-19 for months, and perhaps years, to come, one key question must be asked, How can we do better next time? This report summarizes views of experts from around the world on how lessons from past pandemics have shaped our current disease preparedness and response efforts, and how the COVID-19 pandemic may offer an opportunity to reinvent public health and healthcare systems to be more robust the next time a major challenge appears.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Heymann
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amra Uzicanin
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Maria Julia Marinissen
- Division of International Health Security, Office of Policy and Planning, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Larry Kerr
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Global Affairs, Washington, DC
| | - Nicole Lurie
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerald W Parker
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Syra Madad
- System-wide Special Pathogens Program, Central Office Emergency Management, Institute for Diseases and Disaster Management, New York, New York.,NYC Health+Hospitals, New York, New York
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Abstract
With human population growth, rapid urbanisation, increasing globalisation, and climate change, the interdependency of human health and animal health is mounting. Therefore, the importance of national emergency management plans (NEMPs) for the mitigation of, and preparedness for, all hazards, including disease epidemics, both zoonotic and zootic, is ever increasing. The authors decided to take a One Health approach by assessing the inclusion of Veterinary Services and animal health in NEMPs, based on geographical region, the date of the NEMP, national income status, and the proportion of the agricultural sector in national gross domestic product (GDP). To carry out the assessment, the authors analysed the publicly available NEMPs of 86 Members of the World Organisation for Animal Health. Of the 86 NEMPs reviewed, only a third expressly mentioned Veterinary Services, almost 60% mentioned zoonotic and/or zootic diseases, and about two-thirds mentioned animals to some extent. The highest correlating factor to the inclusion of animal health in NEMPs was the level of the agricultural sector's contributions to the national GDP. Fisheries and aquaculture were not a major consideration in any of the reviewed NEMPs, especially not in relation to diseases. Based on region, Latin America and the Caribbean exhibited the lowest inclusion rate of animal health in NEMPs. The results demonstrate that the omission of animal health is still a problem. A multi-disciplinary approach that includes veterinary medicine as well as human medicine is vital in the construction and/or revision of NEMPs. Future studies should consider whether or not there is a connection between countries' veterinary capacities and the inclusion of Veterinary Services in their NEMPs and whether or not they have the infrastructure and human resources to put into operation the roles of Veterinary Services as identified in their NEMPs.
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Lee CT, Katz R, Eaneff S, Mahar M, Ojo O. Action-Based Costing for National Action Plans for Health Security: Accelerating Progress Toward the International Health Regulations (2005). Health Secur 2020; 18:S53-S63. [PMID: 32004126 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2019.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple costing tools have been developed to understand the resources required to build and sustain implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR), including a detailed costing tool developed by WHO ("WHO Costing Tool") and 2 action-based costing tools, Georgetown University's IHR Costing Tool and CDC's Priority Actions Costing Tool (PACT). The relative performance of these tools is unknown. Nigeria costed its National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) using the WHO Costing Tool. We conducted a desktop review, using the other tools to compare the cost estimates generated using different costing approaches. Technical working groups developed activity plans and estimated component costs using the WHO Costing Tool during a weeklong workshop with approximately 60 participants from various ministries, departments, and federal agencies. We retrospectively applied the IHR Costing Tool and PACT to generate rapid cost estimates required to achieve a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) score of "demonstrated capacity" (level 4). The tools generated similar activities for implementation. Cost estimates varied based on the anticipated procurement and human resources requirements and by the level of implementation (eg, health facility-level versus local government area-level procurement). The desktop IHR Costing Tool and PACT tools required approximately 2 and 8 person-hours to complete, respectively. A strategic costing approach, wherein governments select from a menu of recommended and costed actions following the JEE to develop a NAPHS, could accelerate implementation of plans. Major cost drivers, including procurement and human resources, should be prioritized based on anticipated resource availability and countries' priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Lee
- Christopher T. Lee, MD, MSc, MPH, is Senior Technical Advisor-Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, NY. Rebecca Katz, PhD, MPH, is Professor and Director, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Stephanie Eaneff, MSP, is Senior Researcher, Talus Analytics, Boulder, CO. Michael Mahar, PhD, is Public Health Advisor, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Olubunmi Ojo is with the Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Christopher T. Lee, MD, MSc, MPH, is Senior Technical Advisor-Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, NY. Rebecca Katz, PhD, MPH, is Professor and Director, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Stephanie Eaneff, MSP, is Senior Researcher, Talus Analytics, Boulder, CO. Michael Mahar, PhD, is Public Health Advisor, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Olubunmi Ojo is with the Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Stephanie Eaneff
- Christopher T. Lee, MD, MSc, MPH, is Senior Technical Advisor-Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, NY. Rebecca Katz, PhD, MPH, is Professor and Director, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Stephanie Eaneff, MSP, is Senior Researcher, Talus Analytics, Boulder, CO. Michael Mahar, PhD, is Public Health Advisor, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Olubunmi Ojo is with the Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Michael Mahar
- Christopher T. Lee, MD, MSc, MPH, is Senior Technical Advisor-Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, NY. Rebecca Katz, PhD, MPH, is Professor and Director, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Stephanie Eaneff, MSP, is Senior Researcher, Talus Analytics, Boulder, CO. Michael Mahar, PhD, is Public Health Advisor, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Olubunmi Ojo is with the Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Olubunmi Ojo
- Christopher T. Lee, MD, MSc, MPH, is Senior Technical Advisor-Prevent Epidemics, Resolve to Save Lives, an Initiative of Vital Strategies, New York, NY. Rebecca Katz, PhD, MPH, is Professor and Director, Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Stephanie Eaneff, MSP, is Senior Researcher, Talus Analytics, Boulder, CO. Michael Mahar, PhD, is Public Health Advisor, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Olubunmi Ojo is with the Department of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Choi A, Marques H, Kumar V, Griffin W, Lichtenberger J, Zeman R, Katz R, Earls J. Automated Artificial Intelligence Based Interpretation Of Coronary CTA: Plaque Volume, Plaque Characterization And High Risk Plaque Compared With Consensus Of Level III Expert Readers. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Choi A, Marques H, Kumar V, Griffin W, Lichtenberger J, Zeman R, Katz R, Earls J. Automated Artificial Intelligence-based Interpretation Of Coronary CTA: Determination Of Stenosis Severity Compared With Level III Expert Readers. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Boyce MR, Katz R. Rapid urban health security assessment tool: a new resource for evaluating local-level public health preparedness. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:bmjgh-2020-002606. [PMID: 32546588 PMCID: PMC7299020 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanisation will be one of the defining demographic trends of the 21st century-creating unique opportunities for sustainable capacity development, as well as substantial risks and challenges for managing public health and health emergencies. Plans and policies for responding to public health emergencies are generally framed at higher levels of governance, but developing, improving and sustaining the capacities necessary for implementing these policies is a direct function of local-level authorities. Evaluating local-level public health capacities is an important process for identifying strengths and weaknesses that can impact the preparedness for, detection of and response to health security threats. However, while various evaluations and assessments exist for evaluating capacities at other levels, currently, there are no readily available health security assessments for the local-level. In this paper, we describe a tool-the Rapid Urban Health Security Assessment (RUHSA) Tool-that is based on a variety of other relevant assessments and guidance documents. Assessing capacities allow for local-level authorities to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their local health security systems, create multiyear action plans and prioritise opportunities for improving capacities, effectively engage with development partners to target resources effectively and develop compelling narratives and a legacy of leadership. While the RUHSA Tool was not designed to be used in the midst of a public health emergency, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it may also be adapted to inform a checklist for prioritising what capacities and activities a city needs to rapidly develop or to help focus requests for assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Boyce
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science & Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Katz R, Efremov V, Mooney C, El-Khuffash A, Heaphy L, Cosgrave D, Loughrey J, Thornton P. Assessment of the reliability and validity of a novel point-of-care fibrinogen (F-Point) device against an industry standard at fibrinogen levels >2 g/L in non-haemorrhage scenarios. Int J Obstet Anesth 2020; 43:91-96. [PMID: 32386992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A diagnostic accuracy study assessing the reliability and validity of a novel plasma fibrinogen point-of-care (F-Point) device compared with the von Clauss method of assay. METHODS Forty-one women presenting for elective caesarean delivery and 43 non-pregnant female patients presenting for elective gynaecological surgery were recruited to assess agreement at normal fibrinogen levels (elective gynaecological cohort) and high fibrinogen levels (elective caesarean section cohort). Validity was assessed by comparing the F-Point results with the gold standard of von Clauss fibrinogen assay performed on the ACL Top 500. Reliability (test-retest) and validity were assessed using the intraclass correlation to control for operator variance (two-way random absolute agreement method), presented as intra class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% confidence interval, and Bland-Altman analysis, presented as mean bias and 95% limits of agreement and coefficient of variation (COV). RESULTS The results demonstrated a high test-retest reliability demonstrated in the paired F-Point measurements with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95, a bias of 0 (-00.69 to 0.69) and a COV of 9%. Similarly, there was acceptable agreement demonstrated between F-Point and von Clauss assay with an ICC of 0.91, a bias of -0.1 (-0.96 to 0.75) and a COV of 11%. CONCLUSIONS Our novel plasma fibrinogen point-of-care device has been shown to be reliable and valid when testing fibrinogen levels as low as 2 g/L. Future studies investigating the correlation at lower fibrinogen levels, for example during haemorrhage and in patients with coagulopathies, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Katz
- Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square E, Dublin, Ireland
| | - V Efremov
- Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Mooney
- Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square E, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - L Heaphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Cosgrave
- Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square E, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Loughrey
- Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square E, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Thornton
- Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square E, Dublin, Ireland.
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Graeden E, Carlson C, Katz R. Answering the right questions for policymakers on COVID-19. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8:e768-e769. [PMID: 32325018 PMCID: PMC7172725 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Graeden
- Talus Analytics, Boulder, CO, USA; Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Colin Carlson
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Osterhaus ADME, Vanlangendonck C, Barbeschi M, Bruschke CJM, Christensen R, Daszak P, de Groot F, Doherty P, Drury P, Gmacz S, Hamilton K, Hart J, Katz R, Longuet C, McLeay J, Morelli G, Schlundt J, Smith T, Suri S, Umali K, van Aken J, Wagenaar JA. Make science evolve into a One Health approach to improve health and security: a white paper. One Health Outlook 2020; 2:6. [PMID: 32835168 PMCID: PMC7162674 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-019-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The World One Health Congresses are biennial gatherings of approximately 1500 professionals from relevant international organisations, OIE, FAO, WHO, World Bank, leading scientific experts and researchers in the field of One Health, animal production and trade, food safety, animal health, human health and environmentology/ecology, government representatives in public health, human health, food safety, environmental health and global health security. The Congress is organized by the One Health Platform. This white paper summarizes highlights of the 5th International One Health Congress in Saskatoon, Canada, June 2018 and serves as a roadmap for the future, detailing several concrete action points to be carried out in the run-up to the 6th World One Health Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland, June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center of Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Renee Christensen
- The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Frouke de Groot
- Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Doherty
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick Drury
- The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabri Gmacz
- WHO, Health Emergencies Programme, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Keith Hamilton
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - John Hart
- WHO, Health Emergencies Programme, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Christophe Longuet
- Connecting Organizations for Regional Disease Surveillance (CORDS), San Francisco, USA
| | - Jesse McLeay
- WHO, Health Emergencies Programme, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Sameera Suri
- The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Khristeen Umali
- The Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan van Aken
- WHO, Health Emergencies Programme, Geneva, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Phelan
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Lawrence O Gostin
- O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC
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Standley CJ, MacDonald PDM, Attal-Juncqua A, Barry AM, Bile EC, Collins DL, Corvil S, Ibrahima DB, Hemingway-Foday JJ, Katz R, Middleton KJ, Reynolds EM, Sorrell EM, Lamine SM, Wone A, Martel LD. Leveraging Partnerships to Maximize Global Health Security Improvements in Guinea, 2015-2019. Health Secur 2020; 18:S34-S42. [PMID: 32004131 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2019.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, a US congressional appropriation provided funds to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to support global health security capacity building in 17 partner countries, including Guinea. The 2014 funding enabled CDC to provide more than 300 deployments of personnel to Guinea during the Ebola response, establish a country office, and fund 11 implementing partners through cooperative agreements to support global health security engagement efforts in 4 core technical areas: workforce development, surveillance systems, laboratory systems, and emergency management. This article reflects on almost 4 years of collaboration between CDC and its implementing partners in Guinea during the Ebola outbreak response and the recovery period. We highlight examples of collaborative synergies between cooperative agreement partners and local Guinean partners and discuss the impact of these collaborations in strengthening the above 4 core capacities. Finally, we identify the key elements of the successful collaborations, including communication and information sharing as a core cooperative agreement activity, a flexible funding mechanism, and willingness to adapt to local needs. We hope these observations can serve as guidance for future endeavors seeking to establish strong and effective partnerships between government and nongovernment organizations providing technical and operational assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Standley
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Pia D M MacDonald
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Aurelia Attal-Juncqua
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Alpha Mahmoud Barry
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Ebi Celestin Bile
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Doreen L Collins
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Salomon Corvil
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jennifer J Hemingway-Foday
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Kathy J Middleton
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Eileen M Reynolds
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Erin M Sorrell
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Soumah Mohamed Lamine
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Abdoulaye Wone
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lise D Martel
- Claire J. Standley, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; Aurelia Attal-Juncqua, MSc, is Senior Research Associate; Rebecca Katz, PhD, is Professor and Director; and Erin M. Sorrell, PhD, is Assistant Research Professor; all at the Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Pia D. M. MacDonald, PhD, is Senior Director; Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, MPH, is a Research Epidemiologist; and Eileen M. Reynolds, MA, is Senior IT Project Manager; all at RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC. Alpha Mahmoud Barry, DrPH, is Professor and Executive Director, University of Conakry and Santé Plus Organization, Conakry, Guinea. Ebi Celestin Bile, MSc, is Team Lead, IDDS Project, IDDS West Africa-Guinea, FHI360, Conakry, Guinea. Doreen L. Collins, MPH, is Director, Global Project Management, FHI Clinical, Durham, NC. Salomon Corvil, MD, is FETP-Guinea Resident Advisor, AFENET, Conakry, Guinea. Diallo Boubabar Ibrahima, MPH, is Chief of Party, RTI International, Conakry, Guinea. Kathy J. Middleton, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, and Lise D. Martel, PhD, is Guinea Country Director; both with the Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Soumah Mohamed Lamine, MD, is an Emergency Management Technical Assistant, and Abdoulaye Wone, MD, is Public Health Coordinator; both with the International Organization for Migration, Conakry, Guinea. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Keita S, Morel Vulliez A, Traore A, Standley CJ, Soumah ML, Lamah A, Wone A, Asima M, Barry AM, Berete M, Attal Juncqua A, Katz R, Robert A, Sompare I, Sorrell EM, Toure Y, Martel LD, Phipps M. Public health emergency management capacity building in Guinea: 2014-2019. IJEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1504/ijem.2020.10034626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chadefaux D, Goggins K, Cazzaniga C, Marzaroli P, Marelli S, Katz R, Eger T, Tarabini M. Development of a two-dimensional dynamic model of the foot-ankle system exposed to vibration. J Biomech 2020; 99:109547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Martel LD, Phipps M, Traore A, Standley CJ, Soumah ML, Lamah A, Wone A, Asima M, Barry AM, Berete M, Juncqua AA, Katz R, Robert A, Sompare I, Sorrell EM, Toure Y, Vulliez AM, Keita S. Public health emergency management capacity building in Guinea: 2014-2019. IJEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1504/ijem.2020.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Eccleston-Turner
- From the School of Law, University of Keele, Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom (M.E.-T.); and the Center for Global Health Science and Security (A.P., R.K.) and the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law (A.P.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Alexandra Phelan
- From the School of Law, University of Keele, Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom (M.E.-T.); and the Center for Global Health Science and Security (A.P., R.K.) and the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law (A.P.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca Katz
- From the School of Law, University of Keele, Newcastle-under-Lyme, United Kingdom (M.E.-T.); and the Center for Global Health Science and Security (A.P., R.K.) and the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law (A.P.), Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Abstract
Quarantine is an important but often misused tool of public health. An effective quarantine requires a process that inspires trust in government, only punishes noncompliance, and promotes a culture of social responsibility. Accomplishing successful quarantine requires incentives and enabling factors, payments, job security, and a tiered enforcement plan. In this article, we examine the variation in state-level quarantine laws and assess the effectiveness of these laws and regulations. We find that most states allow for an individual to have a hearing (63%) and to have a voice in burial and cremation procedures (71%), yet are weak on all other individual rights measures. Only 20% of states have provisions to protect employment when an individual is under quarantine, and less than half have plans for safe and humane quarantines. Decision makers at the state and local levels must make a concerted effort to revise and update quarantine laws and regulations. Ideally, these laws and regulations should be harmonized so as to avoid confusion and disruption between states, and public health officials should work with populations to identify and address the factors that will support successful quarantines if they are ever required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Katz
- Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science and Security, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, 306 NW Medical Dental Building, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Andrea Vaught
- Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science and Security, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, 306 NW Medical Dental Building, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Adrienne Formentos
- Georgetown University Center for Global Health Science and Security, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, 306 NW Medical Dental Building, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Jordan Capizola
- George Washington University, 2121 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052
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Attal-Juncqua A, Standley CJ, Tordjmann A, Burci GL, Katz R. Legislative assessments as a tool for strengthening health security capacity: the example of Guinea post-2014 Ebola outbreak. Journal of Global Health Reports 2019. [DOI: 10.29392/joghr.3.e2019060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Phelan AL, Katz R. Legal Epidemiology for Global Health Security and Universal Health Coverage. J Law Med Ethics 2019; 47:427-429. [PMID: 31560636 DOI: 10.1177/1073110519876175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Phelan
- Alexandra L. Phelan, S.J.D., LL.M., LL.B., is with the Center for Global Health Science, Georgetown University. Rebecca Katz, Ph.D., M.P.H., is with the Center for Global Health Science, Georgetown University
| | - Rebecca Katz
- Alexandra L. Phelan, S.J.D., LL.M., LL.B., is with the Center for Global Health Science, Georgetown University. Rebecca Katz, Ph.D., M.P.H., is with the Center for Global Health Science, Georgetown University
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McKay S, Boyce M, Chu-Shin S, Tsai FJ, Katz R. An Evaluation Tool for National-Level Pandemic Influenza Planning. World Med Health Policy 2019; 11:127-133. [PMID: 32328340 PMCID: PMC7169723 DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The historical threat of pandemic influenza and the circulation of novel influenza viruses have led countries to strengthen their efforts in pandemic influenza preparedness planning. A cornerstone of these efforts is the creation of a comprehensive national plan that addresses all of the capacities required to prevent, detect, and respond to novel influenza outbreaks. In 2017 and 2018, the World Health Organization issued updated guidance for national pandemic planning efforts, based on lessons learned from the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) outbreak, the International Health Regulations (World Health Organization, 2005a), and other developments in health security. We have created a tool to assess national‐level plans based on these updated guidelines. This tool will allow for countries to identify both strengths and weaknesses in their national plans, identify capacities and sectors that require improvement, and to help frame the updating or drafting of plans in line with the most updated guidance.
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Katz R, Graeden E, Kerr J, Eaneff S. Tracking the Flow of Funds in Global Health Security. Ecohealth 2019; 16:298-305. [PMID: 30820704 PMCID: PMC6682579 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Countries, philanthropies, and private sector organizations have been actively investing in global health security around the world. However, despite the coordinated approach to funding within the Global Health Security Agenda, there is currently no well-established method to track the commitment and disbursal of funds for global health security from funders to recipients or to identify the activities supported by existing funding initiatives. To address this need, we developed the Global Health Security Tracking Dashboard. This interactive, publicly available, Web-based dashboard maps the flow of funds from funder to recipient and categorizes the target efforts of those funds, allowing users to identify patterns of influence and success in health security funding implementation. The dashboard provides an evidence-based approach for defining targets for future funding by identifying the areas in which funds have not yet been effectively allocated, showcasing successes, and providing a source of information to promote mutual accountability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Katz
- Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, 305 SW Med Dent, Washington, D.C., 20057 USA
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