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Asumda FZ, Campbell NA, Hassan MA, Fathi R, Vasquez Rico DF, Kiem M, Vang EV, Kim YH, Luo X, O’Brien DR, Buhrow SA, Reid JM, Moore MJ, Ben-Yair VK, Levitt ML, Leiting JL, Abdelrahman AM, Zhu X, Lucien F, Truty MJ, Roberts LR. Combined Antitumor Effect of the Serine Protease Urokinase Inhibitor Upamostat and the Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor Opaganib on Cholangiocarcinoma Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1050. [PMID: 38473407 PMCID: PMC10930726 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Upamostat is an orally available small-molecule serine protease inhibitor that is a highly potent inhibitor of trypsin 1, trypsin 2, trypsin 3 (PRSS1/2/3), and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). These enzymes are expressed in many cancers, especially during tissue remodeling and subsequent tumor cell invasion. Opaganib (ABC294640), a novel, orally available small molecule is a selective inhibitor of the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) by sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2). Both sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and SPHK2 are known to regulate the proliferation-inducing compound S-1-P. However, SPHK2 is more critical in cancer pathogenesis. The goal of this project was to investigate the potential antitumor effects of upamostat and opaganib, individually and in combination, on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) xenografts in nude mice. PAX165, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) from a surgically resected CCA, expresses substantial levels of SPHK2, PRSS1, PRSS2, and PRSS3. Four groups of 18 mice each were treated with upamostat, opaganib, both, or vehicle. Mouse weights and PAX165 tumor volumes were measured. Tumor volumes in the upamostat, opaganib, and upamostat plus opaganib groups were significantly decreased compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizal Z. Asumda
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Nellie A. Campbell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
| | | | - Reza Fathi
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd., 21 Ha’arba’a St., Tel Aviv 6473921, Israel; (R.F.); (M.L.L.)
| | | | - Melanie Kiem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Study of Human Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ethan V. Vang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yo Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (Y.H.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Xin Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Daniel R. O’Brien
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sarah A. Buhrow
- Department of Oncology and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Joel M. Reid
- Department of Oncology and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Michael J. Moore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Vered Katz Ben-Yair
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd., 21 Ha’arba’a St., Tel Aviv 6473921, Israel; (R.F.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Mark L. Levitt
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd., 21 Ha’arba’a St., Tel Aviv 6473921, Israel; (R.F.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Jennifer L. Leiting
- Division of Subspecialty General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Amro M. Abdelrahman
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.M.A.); (M.J.T.)
| | - Xinli Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Fabrice Lucien
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (Y.H.K.); (F.L.)
| | - Mark J. Truty
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.M.A.); (M.J.T.)
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (N.A.C.); (M.J.M.); (X.Z.)
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Abtahi NS, Ghezelayagh Z, Nemati I, Eivazkhani F, Farzaneh P, Shahverdi A, Goudarzi GR, Pedram A, Amirchaghmaghi E, Valojerdi MR, Silber S, Fathi R. Cryobiology and fertility preservation: a perspective on past, current and future studies. Cryo Letters 2023; 44:185-196. [PMID: 37883136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation has been used over many decades for the maintenance of viable biological specimens. Its expansion into the area of fertility preservation has been a natural outcome of the increased risks to human fertility from diseases, such as cancer and its treatment protocols, including radiation and chemo-therapy, and the general lifestyle trend to later marriages. The use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) in preserving fertility have benefitted significantly from new scientific approaches, such as cryostorage, in which live cells and tissues are stored at low temperatures and revived when necessary. This review focuses on "cryopreservation science monitoring in reproductive biomedicine" to evaluate knowledge, trends, driving forces, impetus, and emerging technologies in order to draw a future roadmap for this field. Our analysis of the field of cryobiology emphasizes the significance of strategic planning of cryobiology research to support more its extensive use in therapeutics in the future. The Royan Institute (Tehran, Iran) recognises this need and has developed a strategic plan to engage in multidisciplinary research on the application of cryobiology, including cryobioengineering, in disease mitigation. We hoped that this study can help improve the quality and quantity of public discourse and expert awareness of the role for cryopreservation in fertility preservation within ART. DOI: 10.54680/fr23410110112.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Abtahi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Ghezelayagh
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - I Nemati
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Eivazkhani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Farzaneh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC); Futures Studies Office, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - G R Goudarzi
- Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Pedram
- Futures Studies Office, Supreme National Defense University, Babaei Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Amirchaghmaghi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology; Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Valojerdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Silber
- Infertility Center of St. Louis, 224 South Woods Mill Road, Suite 730, Saint Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - R Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine; Futures Studies Office, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Plasse TF, Fathi R, Fehrmann C, McComsey GA. Upamostat: a serine protease inhibitor for antiviral, gastrointestinal, and anticancer indications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:1095-1103. [PMID: 37970658 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2284385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serine proteases are involved in many normal metabolic processes but also contribute to diseases of several organ systems, including viral and gastrointestinal diseases and oncology. Upamostat is an orally bioavailable prodrug of WX-UK1, which is most active against trypsins and closely related enzymes. AREAS COVERED Research over the past two decades suggests several diseases in the three areas noted above which upamostat may be active. Upamostat has been studied clinically against several cancers and for outpatient treatment of COVID-19. Preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies demonstrate good bioavailability, sustained tissue levels, and high concentrations of the active moiety, WX-UK1, in stool, potentially important for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Clinical studies suggest activity against SARS-CoV-2; results against pancreatic cancer are also encouraging, though studies in both indications are not definitive. The drug was very well tolerated for periods of 2 weeks to several months. EXPERT OPINION Upamostat is an orally bioavailable serine protease inhibitor with an excellent safety profile and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. It has demonstrated preliminary evidence of efficacy against COVID-19, and nonclinical data suggest potential applicability against other viral illnesses, gastrointestinal diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Plasse
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Fathi
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - C Fehrmann
- CEEF Solutions, Beaconsfield, Quebec, Canada
| | - G A McComsey
- CEEF Solutions, Beaconsfield, Quebec, Canada
- University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Saffari H, Hajiaghalou S, Hajari MA, Gourabi H, Fathi D, Fathi R. Design and fabrication of aspiration microfluidic channel for oocyte characterization. Talanta 2023; 254:124098. [PMID: 36462279 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development potential for oocytes can be predicted by their mechanical properties. One important parameter that is measured to calculate oocyte hardness is Cortical Tension (CT). In this work, for the first time, we present the design, simulation, and fabrication of a new aspiration microfluidic chip to measure the CT of oocytes and then predict their maturation capability in the Germinal Vesicle (GV) stage. This high-performance technique facilitates oocyte characterization and is a promising alternative to traditional methods such as MicroPipette Aspiration (MPA). The proposed technique involves considerably simpler operation, less specialized equipment, and less technical skill than MPA. The proposed microfluidic channel also promises faster measurements. It is shown that in order to completely continue the growth process of oocytes in GV stage, the CT should be in a certain range: very low or very high CTs lead to unsuccessful growth. The obtained results show that 79% of oocytes with the CT between 1.5 and 3 nN/μm reach the Metaphase II (MII) stage, whereas the growth for 78% of oocytes with the CT less than 1.5 nN/μm or higher than 3 nN/μm stops at the GV or Germinal Vesicle Break Down (GVBD) stages. Another property, kvis, that points to the viscous behavior of oocytes is also measured. It is seen that 80% of GV oocytes with the kvis values between 15 and 30 k Pa s/m reach the MII stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saffari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - S Hajiaghalou
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M A Hajari
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Gourabi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - D Fathi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - R Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Plasse TF, Delgado B, Potts J, Abramson D, Fehrmann C, Fathi R, McComsey GA. A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of upamostat, a host-directed serine protease inhibitor, for outpatient treatment of COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 128:148-156. [PMID: 36549549 PMCID: PMC9762116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We performed a pilot study of upamostat, a serine protease inhibitor, in outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19 before a pivotal trial. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 patients with ≥2 moderate-severe symptoms onset within 5 days were randomized to oral upamostat 200 or 400 mg or placebo daily for 14 days. Patients completed COVID-19 symptom questionnaires daily for 28 days, then thrice weekly for 4 weeks, and underwent physical and laboratory examinations periodically. RESULTS A total of 61 patients enrolled of which 20 received a placebo or upamostat 200 mg daily; 21 received upamostat 400 mg daily. Treatment was well tolerated; only one patient (upamostat 400) reported a drug-related adverse event, mild skin rash; no patient discontinued owing to a drug-related adverse event. The median time to a sustained recovery from severe symptoms was 8, 4, and 3 days for the three treatment groups, respectively. New severe symptoms developed in 20% of the placebo group vs 2.4% in the combined upamostat groups, (P = 0.036). Three placebo patients (15%) versus no upamostat patients were hospitalized for worsening COVID (P= 0.03). The mean d-dimer level remained constant in placebo patients but decreased by 38% and 48% in upamostat 200 and 400 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Upamostat was well tolerated, shortened recovery time, and decreased new severe symptoms and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Reza Fathi
- RedHill Biopharma, Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Grace A McComsey
- University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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Baniasadi F, Hajiaghalou S, Shahverdi A, Ghalamboran MR, Pirhajati V, Fathi R. The Beneficial Effects of Static Magnetic Field and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Vitrification of Mature Mice Oocytes. Reprod Sci 2022:10.1007/s43032-022-01144-1. [PMID: 36562985 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) and nanoparticles (NPs) on the vitrification of cumulus-oocyte-complex (COC). To this end, the non-vitrified (nVit) and vitrified groups (Vit) that contain NPs, with or without SMF were labeled nVit_NPs, nVit_NPs_SMF, Vit_NPs, and Vit_NPs_SMF, respectively. The non-toxic dosages of NPs were first determined to be 0.008% w/v. The survival, apoptosis, and necrosis, mitochondrial activity, fertilization rate, subsequent-derived embryo development, and gene expressions were examined. The viability rates obtained by trypan blue and Anx-PI staining were meaningfully smaller in the Vit groups, compared to the nVit groups. The JC1 red/green signal ratios were reduced considerably in the Vit group, compared to the nVit. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to assess the entry of the NPs into the oocytes. TEM images showed that NPs were present in nVit_NPs, and Vit_NPs. Thereafter, the effects of NPs and SMF on in vitro fertilization (IVF) were examined. The difference in blastocyst rates between nVit and Vit_NPs_SMF groups was significant. Finally, Nanog, Cdx2, Oct4, and Sox2 genes were evaluated. There were substantial differences in Cdx2 gene expressions between the Vit_NPs and nVit groups. The expression of Nanog in Vit was significantly higher than those of the Vit_NPs, Vit_NPs_SMF, and nVit groups. The data presented here provide deeper insight into the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in COC vitrification. It appears that using SMF and supplemented CPA by NPs inhibits cryoinjury and promote the embryo development capacity of vitrified-warmed COCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baniasadi
- Department of Embryology, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Hajiaghalou
- Department of Embryology, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Ghalamboran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - V Pirhajati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Baniasadi F, Hajiaghalou S, Galamboran M, Fathi R, Shahverdi A. Vitrification of mouse mature oocyte by magnetic nanoparticles. Reprod Biomed Online 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Khajedehi N, Hajiaghalou S, Ghaleno L, Fathi R, Gourabi H. Mouse MII oocytes vitrification induces repair genes expression in embryos derived fertilization with DNA fragmented sperms. Reprod Biomed Online 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith CD, Maines LW, Keller SN, Katz Ben-Yair V, Fathi R, Plasse TF, Levitt ML. Recent Progress in the Development of Opaganib for the Treatment of Covid-19. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2199-2211. [PMID: 35855741 PMCID: PMC9288228 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to exert extensive humanitarian and economic stress across the world. Although antivirals active against mild disease have been identified recently, new drugs to treat moderate and severe Covid-19 patients are needed. Sphingolipids regulate key pathologic processes, including viral proliferation and pathologic host inflammation. Opaganib (aka ABC294640) is a first-in-class clinical drug targeting sphingolipid metabolism for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent work demonstrates that opaganib also has antiviral activity against several viruses including SARS-CoV-2. A recently completed multinational Phase 2/3 clinical trial of opaganib in patients hospitalized with Covid-19 demonstrated that opaganib can be safely administered to these patients, and more importantly, resulted in a 62% decrease in mortality in a large subpopulation of patients with moderately severe Covid-19. Furthermore, acceleration of the clearance of the virus was observed in opaganib-treated patients. Understanding the biochemical mechanism for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of opaganib is essential for optimizing Covid-19 treatment protocols. Opaganib inhibits three key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism: sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2); dihydroceramide desaturase (DES1); and glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). Herein, we describe a tripartite model by which opaganib suppresses infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting SK2, DES1 and GCS. The potential impact of modulation of sphingolipid signaling on multi-organ dysfunction in Covid-19 patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Charles D Smith, Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, 1214 Research Blvd, Suite 2015, Hummelstown, PA, 17036, USA, Tel +1 843 814 9257, Email
| | - Lynn W Maines
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
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Ahsan Khodami M, Hassan Seif M, Sadat Koochakzadeh R, Fathi R, Kaur H. Perceived stress, emotion regulation and quality of life during the Covid-19 outbreak: A multi-cultural online survey. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 2022; 180:514-518. [PMID: 33612843 PMCID: PMC7883744 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present COVID-19 epidemic is a threat to physical health and brings a drain to Quality of life and mental health in the general population. However, changes in Quality of life and mental health status due to pandemic-related is less known. This study was implemented to investigate and predict changes in the Quality of life and psychological changes in people worldwide due to the pandemic. 3002 individuals participated in an online survey. The result showed that Quality of life is significantly decreased over time, meanwhile perceived stress level is raised significantly, and an increased level of difficulty in emotion regulation has happened. Almost everyone faced with increased perceived stress and current quarantine experience were significant predictors of perceived stress escalation. Younger people and individuals who had a worsening quality of life response tended to show more stress and emotion regulation problems. Furthermore, prediction models show that by extending the time of quarantine, Quality of life will worsen, and therefore the rate of perceived stress will be higher, and the problem with emotion regulation will arise more. As the whole world faces the pandemic, this research provides several implications for public mental health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahsan Khodami
- Ural Federal University named after the first president of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin, 620075 Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian Federation,Laboratory of brain Neurotechnology, Ural Federal University,Corresponding author. Ural Federal University named after the first president of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin, 620075 Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Reza Fathi
- Faculty of Humanities, Management Department, University of Meybod, Yazd, Iran
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Ural Federal University named after the first president of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin, 620075 Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian Federation
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Winthrop KL, Skolnick AW, Rafiq AM, Beegle SH, Suszanski J, Koehne G, Barnett-Griness O, Bibliowicz A, Fathi R, Anderson P, Raday G, Eagle G, Katz Ben-Yair V, Minkowitz HS, Levitt ML, Gordon MS. Opaganib in COVID-19 pneumonia: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2a trial. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac232. [PMID: 35832268 PMCID: PMC9129144 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opaganib, an oral sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, was shown to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication in vitro. We thus considered that opaganib could be beneficial for moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of opaganib and its effect on supplemental oxygen requirements and time to hospital discharge in COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized patients requiring supplemental oxygen. Methods This Phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted between July and December 2020 in 8 sites in the United States. Forty-two enrolled patients received opaganib (n = 23) or placebo (n = 19) added to standard of care for up to 14 days and were followed up for 28 days after their last dose of opaganib/placebo. Results There were no safety concerns arising in this study. The incidence of ≥Grade 3 treatment-emergent adverse events was 17.4% and 33.3% in the opaganib and placebo groups, respectively. Three deaths occurred in each group. A numerical advantage for opaganib over placebo was observed in in this nonpowered study reflected by total supplemental oxygen requirement from baseline to Day 14, the requirement for supplemental oxygen for at least 24 hours by Day 14, and hospital discharge. Conclusions In this proof-of-concept study, hypoxic, hospitalized patients receiving oral opaganib had a similar safety profile to placebo-treated patients, with preliminary evidence of benefit for opaganib as measured by supplementary oxygen requirement and earlier hospital discharge. These findings support further evaluation of opaganib in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reza Fathi
- RedHill Biopharma Ltd., Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Gina Eagle
- G.E.T Pharma Consulting LLC, Lambertville, NJ, US
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12
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Fathi R. Optimization of urolithiasis treatment and diagnosis in the Turkestan region. J Med Life 2022; 15:344-349. [PMID: 35449989 PMCID: PMC9015170 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The article aims to identify the main problems in treating urological pathologies by analyzing scientific literature from this field and developing recommendations. The quantitative excretion of uric acid, urine volume, and pH are essential in the formation of uric acid stones. The most important risk factor for uric acid nephrolithiasis is the acidic reaction of urine, which is a prerequisite for the formation of urinary stones. When urine is alkalized, the pH should be 6-6.5. Drugs alkalize urine, and one should titrate using urine pH indicator paper until the level is stable. This study found that the spread of genitourinary diseases is increasing. This situation can be improved by monitoring and assessing epidemiological processes, preventing urological pathology, and optimizing medical care organization in the context of health care reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fathi
- Medical Center ARAD-RI-ECO, LLP ARAD-RI, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
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13
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Baniasadi F, Hajiaghalou S, Shahverdi A, Pirhajati V, Fathi R. Static magnetic field halves cryoinjuries of vitrified mouse COCs, improves their functions and modulates pluripotency of derived blastocysts. Theriogenology 2021; 163:31-42. [PMID: 33503549 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the influence of static magnetic field (SMF) of 60 mT on mouse Cumulus Oocytes Complexes (COCs) vitrification. The COCs were vitrified in the presence (Vit_SMF+) and absence of SMF (Vit_SMF-). Along with these groups, non-vitrified or fresh COCS, which exposed (nVit_SMF+) and non-exposed (nVit_SMF-) to magnetic field, were also considered. Survival and viability rates and mitochondrial activity as well as ultrastructure of oocytes were examined by trypan blue Staining (TBS), Annexin-PI Staining, JC1 staining and transition electron microscopy, respectively. Following in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development, gene expression was carried out through qRT-PCR at blastocyst (BL) stage. The survival rate in Vit_SMF+ and Vit_SMF- decreased meaningfully in comparison with nVit_SMF- (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between SMF+ and SMF- groups. The mitochondrial activity in Vit_SMF- was significantly reduced compared to the nVit_SMF- group (P < 0.05), however its value in Vit_SMF+ returned to the control level. Ultrastructural study demonstrated that SMF could protect the COCs from cryoinjuries and reduced damaged features in ooplasm of the vitrified oocytes. There was no significant difference in fertilization rate. Although, BL formation was the highest rate in the Vit_SMF+ group, it was just substantially higher than the non-vitrified groups (P < 0.05). The significant changes of Oct4, Cdx2 and Nanog genes expression due to vitrification (Vit_SMF-) or SMF (nVit_SMF+) treatments (P < 0.05) as compared to control (nVit_SMF-), returned to the natural level after using SMF in vitrified derived blastocysts (Vit_SMF+). Totally based on the results, it is clear that static magnetic field improves mitochondrial potential activity and ultrastructure of mouse vitrified COCs. In addition, SMF enhances the embryo cleavage rate to blastocyst stage and modulates pluripotency in blastocyst embryos derived from vitrified COCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baniasadi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Hajiaghalou
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - V Pirhajati
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Asumda FZ, Hassan MA, Kim YH, Campbell NA, Luo X, O'Brien DR, Buhrow SA, Reid JM, Moore MJ, Ben-Yair VK, Fathi R, Levitt ML, Lucien-Matteoni F, Leiting JL, Truty MJ, Roberts LR. Abstract 3078: Effects of upamostat and opaganib on cholangiocarcinoma patient derived xenografts. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Upamostat is an orally available small molecule serine protease inhibitor that is a highly potent inhibitor of trypsin 1, trypsin 2 and trypsin 3 (PRSS1/2/3) as well as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) which are expressed in many cancers and mediate cell migration, invasion and tissue remodeling. Opaganib (ABC294640), a novel, orally available small molecule is a specific inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2), which phosphorylates sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P). While proliferation induced by S-1-P is regulated by both sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and SPHK2, SPHK2 appears to be more involved in cancer. We aimed to investigate the potential antitumor effect of upamostat and opaganib, individually and in combination, on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patient derived xenografts (PDX) in nude mice.
Methods: PAX165, a PDX from a surgically resected CCA, expresses substantial levels of SPHK2, PRSS1, PRSS2 and PRSS3. 4 groups of 18 mice were treated with either drug or both. Mouse weights and tumor volumes were measured. In addition, experiments were conducted using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos.
Results: Table 1 shows the average tumor size for the control, upamostat, opaganib, and upamostat+opaganib groups at the study end point (Day 42). Tumor volumes in the upamostat, opaganib, and upamostat+opagnib groups were significantly decreased compared to the control group. The CAM experiments are ongoing and will be presented at the AACR Annual Meeting.
Change in tumor volumes (mean) of CCA PDX after opaganib, upamostat or combination treatmentControlOpaganibUpamostatOpaganib+UpamostatPre-treatment129.9128.7118.8126.8Day 42198.6102.093.3186.09Percent change Day 0-42+53%-21%-21%-32%P value vs. control0.00020.00100.0008
Conclusion: This preclinical study demonstrated that upamostat and opaganib resulted in tumor regression in mice. Body weights of the mice showed no significant inter- or intra- group differences. The combination of upamostat and opaganib treatment showed greater regression compared to either upamostat or opaganib alone. Studies are underway to identify the molecular mechanisms of their interaction.
Citation Format: Faizal Z. Asumda, Mohamed A. Hassan, Yo Han Kim, Nellie A. Campbell, Xin Luo, Daniel R. O'Brien, Sarah A. Buhrow, Joel M. Reid, Michael J. Moore, Vered Katz Ben-Yair, Reza Fathi, Mark L. Levitt, Fabrice Lucien-Matteoni, Jennifer L. Leiting, Mark J. Truty, Lewis R. Roberts. Effects of upamostat and opaganib on cholangiocarcinoma patient derived xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3078.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yo Han Kim
- 1Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Xin Luo
- 1Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Joel M. Reid
- 1Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark J. Truty
- 1Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
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Campbell M, Fathi R, Cheng S, Ho A, Gilbert E. Rhamnus prinoides
(gesho) stem extract prevents co‐culture biofilm formation by
Streptococcus mutans
and
Candida albicans. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:294-302. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Campbell
- Department of Biology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA
| | - R. Fathi
- Department of Biology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA
| | - S.Y. Cheng
- Department of Biology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA
| | - A. Ho
- Department of Biology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA
| | - E.S. Gilbert
- Department of Biology Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA
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16
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Miller J, House S, Lovato L, Meltzer A, Hahn B, Avarello J, Plasse T, Kalfus I, Fathi R, Silverman R. Absence of QT prolongation after administration of a 24-mg bimodal-release ondansetron pill (RHB-102). Am J Emerg Med 2020; 43:205-209. [PMID: 32139212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prospective data evaluating the effect of ondansetron on the corrected QT (QTc) interval is lacking in emergency department clinical use. As part of a randomized trial of a 24-mg bimodal-release ondansetron (RHB-102) pill, we tested the effect of RHB-102 compared to placebo on QTc change. METHODS This was a planned safety outcome analysis within a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The trial compared the effects of RHB-102 among patients ≥12 years who presented to 21 centers with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. Patients with an initial baseline electrocardiogram as well as a follow-up electrocardiogram 4 h later were included in the analysis. The safety endpoint for this analysis was the change from baseline in QTc interval at 4 h, the median time at which ondansetron serum level peaks. RESULTS A total of 147 patients were included with a mean baseline QTc in the RHB-102 and placebo arms of 410 and 406 ms, respectively. There was no difference in the change in QTc at 4 h post-study drug administration between the RHB-102 (+4, 95% CI 1-8 ms) and placebo group (+5, 95% CI 1-9 ms). In the RHB-102 arm, 6.6% of patients had a QTc change >30 ms and in the placebo arm 3.6% (p = 0.48). No patient in either arm had a QTc change >60 ms after study drug administration. CONCLUSION In patients with normal baseline QTc, 24-mg bimodal-release ondansetron did not prolong the QTc in comparison to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital and Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Stacey House
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Luis Lovato
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Andrew Meltzer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Barry Hahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Jahn Avarello
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Queens, NY, United States.
| | - Terry Plasse
- RedHill Biopharma Ltd., 21 Ha'arba'a Street, Tel Aviv 64739, Israel.
| | - Ira Kalfus
- RedHill Biopharma Ltd., 21 Ha'arba'a Street, Tel Aviv 64739, Israel.
| | - Reza Fathi
- RedHill Biopharma Ltd., 21 Ha'arba'a Street, Tel Aviv 64739, Israel.
| | - Robert Silverman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, Queens, NY, United States.
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17
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Silverman RA, House SL, Meltzer AC, Hahn B, Lovato LM, Avarello J, Miller JB, Kalfus IN, Fathi R, Raday G, Plasse TF, Yan EC. Bimodal Release Ondansetron for Acute Gastroenteritis Among Adolescents and Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1914988. [PMID: 31702802 PMCID: PMC6902785 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Vomiting resulting from acute gastroenteritis is commonly treated with intravenous antiemetics in acute care settings. If oral treatment were beneficial, patients might not need intravenous administered hydration or medication. Furthermore, a long-acting treatment could provide sustained relief from nausea and vomiting. OBJECTIVE To determine whether an experimental long-acting bimodal release ondansetron tablet decreases gastroenteritis-related vomiting and eliminates the need for intravenous therapy for 24 hours after administration. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial included patients from 19 emergency departments and 2 urgent care centers in the United States from December 8, 2014, to February 17, 2017. Patients 12 years and older with at least 2 vomiting episodes from presumed gastroenteritis in the previous 4 hours and symptoms with less than 36 hours' duration were randomized using a 3:2 active to placebo ratio. Analyses were performed on an intent-to-treat basis and conducted from June 1, 2017, to November 1, 2017. INTERVENTION Bimodal release ondansetron tablet containing 6 mg of immediate release ondansetron and 18 mg of a 24-hour release matrix for a total of 24 mg of ondansetron. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Treatment success was defined as no further vomiting, no need for rescue medication, and no intravenous hydration for 24 hours after bimodal release ondansetron administration. RESULTS Analysis included 321 patients (mean [SD] age, 29.0 [11.1] years; 195 [60.7%] women), with 192 patients in the bimodal release ondansetron group and 129 patients in the placebo group. Treatment successes were observed in 126 patients in the bimodal release ondansetron group (65.6%) compared with 70 patients in the placebo group (54.3%), with an 11.4% (95% CI, 0.3%-22.4%) absolute probability difference. The proportion of treatment success was 21% higher among patients who received bimodal release ondansetron compared with those who received a placebo (relative risk, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.46; P = .04). In an analysis including only patients with a discharge diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis and no major protocol violations, there were 123 treatment successes (69.5%) in the bimodal release ondansetron group compared with 67 treatment successes (54.9%) in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.53; P = .01). Adverse effects were infrequent and similar to the known safety profile of ondansetron. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This randomized clinical trial found that a long-acting bimodal release oral ondansetron tablet was an effective antiemetic among adolescents and adults with moderate to severe vomiting from acute gastroenteritis. The drug benefits extended to 24 hours after administration. Bimodal release ondansetron may decrease the need for intravenous access and emergency department care to manage acute gastroenteritis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02246439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Silverman
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, New York
| | - Stacey L House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew C Meltzer
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Barry Hahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, New York
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York
| | - Luis M Lovato
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California
| | - Jahn Avarello
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, New York
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York
- Cohens Childrens Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Northwell Health, New York, New York
| | - Joseph B Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric C Yan
- Atlantic Research Group, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Mohammadi S, Pardakhty A, Khalili M, Fathi R, Rezaeizadeh M, Farajzadeh S, Mohebbi A, Aflatoonian M. Niosomal Benzoyl Peroxide and Clindamycin Lotion Versus Niosomal Clindamycin Lotion in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:578-583. [PMID: 31857961 PMCID: PMC6912181 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Combination of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) with topical antibiotics can lead to higher efficacy and less bacterial resistance, but it in turn increases adverse effects such as skin irritability and dryness. In this study, the efficacy of combination therapy of niosomal BPO 1% and clindamycin (CL) 1% is compared with niosomal CL in acne vulgaris. Methods: This is a double-blind clinical trial study on 100 patients with acne vulgaris in Afzalipour hospital in Kerman. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (case and control). The case group received niosomal combination of BPO 1% and CL 1%.The control group received niosomal CL1%. The efficacy of treatment protocols was evaluated in 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks of treatment by counting lesions (severity and grading acne lesions) and quality of life (QoL). Furthermore, side effect were evaluated at each treatment visits. Results: The reduction in mean percentage of acne lesions in case group (treated with BPO 1% and CL1%) (64.21%) was higher than control group (treated with niosomal CL 1%) (59.04%), but the statistical difference was not significant. Sum of excellent and good results were found in 80% and 76.1% of case and control groups, respectively (P=0.377). Also adding BPO to the treatment formulation in case group did not increase adverse effects, as statistical difference between 2 groups was not significant. Conclusion: Combination of niosomal BPO 1% and CL 1% in treatment of acne vulgaris showed higher efficacy with no increase in adverse effects in comparison with niosomal CL 1%, but the statistical difference was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Mohammadi
- Department of Dermatology, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Khalili
- Department of Dermatology, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Fathi
- Department of Dermatology, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezaeizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Farajzadeh
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohebbi
- Department of Dermatology, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahin Aflatoonian
- Department of Dermatology, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ebrahimi M, Fathi R, Pirsaraei ZA, Talebi-Garakani E, Najafi M. Expression of the key metabolic regulators in the white adipose tissue of rats; the role of high-fat diet and aerobic training. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/cep180008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, especially in the white adipose tissue as an active metabolic organ, is tightly regulated by the key transcription factors, such as the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). We have studied the expression of these genes in the white adipose tissue to see how a high fat diet (HFD) and two intensities of aerobic training change the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. 44 male Wistar rats randomly divided into the normal (12% calories from fat) and HFD (56% calories from fat) groups. Each group included control (n=6), moderate trained (n=8, ~65% Vo2max) and high intensity trained (n=8, ~75% Vo2max) rats. After 8 weeks of training, the weight changes, plasma insulin and lipid profile levels and the relative gene expression of SREBP-1c and FXR in the adipose tissue was measured. Data were analysed by 2-way ANOVA (P<0.05). HFD fed rats showed higher levels of insulin and dyslipidemia that was correlated with the higher weight gain. Also, the adipose expression of SREBP-1c was higher in the HFD fed rats that it was strongly correlated with the lower FXR expression. Trained rats independent of the intensity of the training showed lower SREBP-1c and higher FXR expression, but no change was observed in the lipid profile levels. HFD-induced dyslipidemia could occur via SREBP-1c activation in the adipose tissue while the aerobic training activates FXR and inhibits the lipogenic pathways. Despite the activation of lipolytic pathways in the trained rats, it seems that diet has more effect on the lipid profile than the aerobic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ebrahimi
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 1453754769, Iran
| | - R. Fathi
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 1453754769, Iran
| | - Z. Ansari Pirsaraei
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, 1453754769, Iran
| | - E. Talebi-Garakani
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 1453754769, Iran
| | - M. Najafi
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, 1453754769, Iran
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Oldenburg E, Schar CR, Lange E, Plasse TF, Abramson DT, Fathi R, Towler EM, Levitt M, Jensen JK. Abstract 4200: New potential therapeutic applications of WX-UK1, as a specific and potent inhibitor of human trypsin-like proteases. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
WX-UK1 (the active metabolite of upamostat) was originally developed as an inhibitor of the serine protease urokinase (uPA) with a Ki ~1 uM. To identify more sensitive targets, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of the ~200 human trypsin-like serine proteases, many of which play crucial roles in homeostasis and disease. Among these we selected a subset for biochemical analysis based on an inspection of modelled 3D structures of WX-UK1:protease complexes and sequence alignment of binding site residues. Samples of the selected proteases were prepared and characterized for their binding to WX-UK1; enzymatically with respect to inhibition constant (Ki) and by surface plasmon resonance with respect to dissociation constant (kd). We now report that WX-UK1 is a potent and specific inhibitor of five human serine proteases (trypsin-3, trypsin-2, trypsin-1 and matriptase-1 and trypsin-6), with Ki's down to the low nanomolar range, 19 nM for trypsin-3. Several of these serine proteases are known to be associated with cancer progression and metastasis. As a compound with an established clinical safety profile, targeted use of upamostat in oncology and extension to non-oncology indications may be assessed.
Citation Format: Emil Oldenburg, Christine R. Schar, Eva Lange, Terry F. Plasse, Danielle T. Abramson, Reza Fathi, Eric M. Towler, Mark Levitt, Jan K. Jensen. New potential therapeutic applications of WX-UK1, as a specific and potent inhibitor of human trypsin-like proteases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4200.
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Ebrahimi M, Fathi R, Pirsaraei ZA, Garakani ET, Najafi M. How high-fat diet and high-intensity interval training affect lipid metabolism in the liver and visceral adipose tissue of rats. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/cep170018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipogenic and lipolytic pathways are tightly regulated by nuclear receptors and binding proteins, such as farnesoid x receptor (FXR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). We designed this research to study the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-fat diet (HFD) on hepatic and adipose FXR and SREBP-1c gene expression beside the plasma levels of lipid profile and insulin. 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal (~12% fat) and HFD (~56% fat) groups with or without participating in the 8 weeks HIIT protocol. Results from two-way ANOVA and Pearson tests (P<0.05) showed that the HFD rats experienced a larger weight gain correlated with dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, higher hepatic and adipose SREBP-1c expression and lower hepatic FXR expression compared with normal diet fed rats. Although HIIT rats showed higher hepatic FXR and lower hepatic and adipose SREBP-1c expression and lower weight gain compared with untrained rats, plasma lipid profile levels had not any significant difference between trained and untrained rats. Interestingly, hepatic FXR expression was negatively correlated with weight gain and SREBP-1c expression in both tissues while only the hepatic SREBP-1c was positively correlated to insulin levels. In conclusion, HFD-induced dyslipidemia could occur via the activation of the hepatic SREBP-1c pathway under the insulin effect. Although HIIT rats showed lower SREBP-1c correlated to hepatic FXR activation it seems diet is more effective on lipid profile than HIIT. Also, in presence of HFD, HIIT only affects adipose lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ebrahimi
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Babolsar 47416-13534, Iran
| | - R. Fathi
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Babolsar 47416-13534, Iran
| | - Z. Ansari Pirsaraei
- Department of animal science and fishery, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Farah Abad, Sari 4818168984, Iran
| | - E. Talebi Garakani
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism, University of Mazandaran, Shahid Beheshti Ave, Babolsar 47416-13534, Iran
| | - M. Najafi
- Department of animal science and fishery, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Farah Abad, Sari 4818168984, Iran
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Oldenberg E, Schar CR, Lange EL, Plasse TF, Abramson DT, Levitt ML, Fathi R, Jensen JK. Abstract B055: New potential therapeutic applications of WX-UK1 as a specific and potent inhibitor of human trypsin-2 and human trypsin-3. Mol Cancer Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-b055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
WX-UK1, a multi-serine protease inhibitor, was believed to function primarily as a synthetic small-molecule inhibitor of urokinase (uPA). We now reveal that WX-UK1 is a potent and rather specific inhibitor of human trypsin-2 and human trypsin-3, and propose that these new molecular targets offer potential for new indications in oncology and other diseases. Initially, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of the ~200 human trypsin-like serine proteases, most of which play crucial roles in homeostasis and disease. Among these we selected a subset for biochemical analysis based on an inspection of modeled 3D structures of WX-UK1:protease complexes and sequence alignment of binding site residues. Samples of the selected proteases were prepared and characterized biochemically with respect to inhibitory constant (Ki) of inhibition by WX-UK1-1 and dissociation constant (Kd). The Ki values were determined from enzymatic activity assays (37°C), and Kd values (affinity) by surface plasmon resonance (BIACORE) (25°C). Serine protease(human)Ki (nM)Mean ± SD (n)Kd (nM)Mean ± SD (n)Urokinase (uPA)874 ± 95 (3)720 ± 300 (3)Trypsin(-1)190 ± 10 (6)74 ± 18 (3)Trypsin-275 ± 3 (6)N.D.Trypsin-319 ± 4 (6)6 ± 4 (11)
While previously described as an inhibitor of bovine trypsin, we now show WX-UK1 to be a specific competitive inhibitor of both human trypsin-2 and human trypsin-3 with Ki of 75 and 19 nM, respectively. With a Kd of 6 nM, WX-UK-1 binds human trypsin-3 with a >100-fold binding specificity relative to most other trypsin-like serine proteases tested so far, including uPA, and 10-fold over the classical human trypsin. WX-UK1 (and its oral prodrug, upamostat) was originally developed as an inhibitor of uPA and other members of the S1 family of trypsin-like serine proteases, essential to aspects of tissue remodeling associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. However, with the identification of human trypsin-3 and human trypsin-2 as high-affinity molecular targets, new disease indications on top of oncology indications may be feasible. As a low-nanomolar inhibitor of human trypsin-3, WX-UK1 may have potential utility in the treatment of inflammatory digestive diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis, for the latter of which there are currently no approved therapies. Furthermore, WX-UK1, as a human trypsin-2 inhibitor, could potentially be used in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute lung injury, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)–a major unmet medical need.
Citation Format: Emil Oldenberg, Christine R. Schar, Eva L. Lange, Terry F. Plasse, Danielle T. Abramson, Mark L. Levitt, Reza Fathi, Jan K. Jensen. New potential therapeutic applications of WX-UK1 as a specific and potent inhibitor of human trypsin-2 and human trypsin-3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Oldenberg
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christine R. Schar
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva L. Lange
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Reza Fathi
- 2RedHill Biopharma, Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jan K. Jensen
- 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Snow SC, Pearson DR, Fathi R, Alkousakis T, Winslow CY, Golitz L. Heparin-induced haemorrhagic bullous dermatosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:393-398. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Snow
- Department of Medicine; UCLA Medical Center; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - D. R. Pearson
- Department of Dermatology; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Aurora CA USA
| | - R. Fathi
- Department of Dermatology; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Aurora CA USA
| | - T. Alkousakis
- Department of Dermatology; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Aurora CA USA
| | - C. Y. Winslow
- Department of Dermatology; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Aurora CA USA
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Aurora CO USA
| | - L. Golitz
- Department of Pathology; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Aurora CO USA
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Jasmi VK, Samadi F, Eimani H, Hasani S, Fathi R, Shahverdi A. Follicle Development in Grafted Mouse Ovaries after Vitrification Processes Under Static Magnetic Field. Cryo Letters 2017; 38:166-177. [PMID: 28767739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cryopreservation has emerged as an important method of fertility preservation. Magnetic field enhanced cryopreservation has been considered in recent times as a promising type of ovarian cryopreservation but the effectiveness of the process is still not clear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of applying 1-mT SMF (static magnetic field) on the vitrification of ovarian tissue and the follow-up investigation of the morphology and functions of vitrified- warmed ovarian tissue after transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovaries of 6-8 week-old female mice from the Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) were exposed of the static magnetic field during different steps of the vitrification process. Immunohistological studies were performed on the ovaries. RESULTS The mean percentage of damaged primordial follicles was lowest in control group and the group with ovaries exposed to magnetic field during the equilibration step. The latter group also had the highest percentage of intact primordial follicles after transplantation. CONCLUSION Exposure of mice ovaries to static magnetic field during first step of vitrification process (the equilibration step) resulted in greater resistance against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Jasmi
- 1Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - F Samadi
- 1Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - H Eimani
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Hasani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - R Fathi
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Fathi R. Degradation of Asphaltene on TiO 2Nanospherical Particles Under UV Illumination and Verification via Variation in Wettability and FTIR Spectroscopy. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2014.985314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abtahi NS, Eimani H, Vosough A, Shahverdi A, Fathi R, Hayati N, Nasiri N. Effect of therapeutic ultrasound on folliculogenesis, angiogenesis and apoptosis after heterotopic mouse ovarian transplantation. Ultrasound Med Biol 2014; 40:1535-1544. [PMID: 24785439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges in ovarian transplantation is ischemia-reperfusion damage. When transitional tissue faces an acute and critical condition in terms of blood supply (immediately after organ transplantation), treatment with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) seems to be very beneficial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ultrasound therapy on heterotopic transplanted mouse ovarian tissue. Adult female Naval Medical Research Institute mice were divided into three groups. In the experimental groups, the transplanted ovary was exposed 5 min daily to ultrasound with an intensity of 0.3 W/cm(2), frequency of 3 MHz and pulse mode of 1:4. The grafted ovaries were assessed with the usual histology and immunohistochemistry techniques. Results indicate that more CD31 angiogenic factor was expressed in irradiated animals than in control animals, and ultrasound therapy resulted in better follicular preservation, especially after 14 d. In conclusion, therapeutic ultrasound may accelerate and increase re-angiogenesis and can help to promote ovarian follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Abtahi
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Eimani
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Vosough
- Department of Reproductive Imaging at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ab Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Fathi
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Hayati
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Nasiri
- Department of Embryology at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Ruffo R, Fathi R, Kim DJ, Jung YH, Mari CM, Kim DK. Impedance analysis of Na0.44MnO2 positive electrode for reversible sodium batteries in organic electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fathi R, Valojerdi MR, Salehnia M. Effects of different cryoprotectant combinations on primordial follicle survivability and apoptosis incidence after vitrification of whole rat ovary. Cryo Letters 2013; 34:228-238. [PMID: 23812312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at obtaining best vitrification conditions for preservation of primordial follicles after vitrification of whole ovarian tissue of rats. Ovaries of prepubertal ~5-week old female Wistar rats were divided randomly into 7 groups: Control (non-vitrified), V1 (EG+DMSO), V2 (EG+PROH), V3 (DMSO+PROH), V4 (EG+DMSO+Sucrose), V5 (EG+PROH+Sucrose) and V6 (DMSO+PROH+Sucrose). Control and vitrified-warmed samples were sectioned serially and stained either with HE or anti and pro active caspase-3 kit. The number of intact follicles in different stages of development was lower and the number of atretic and apoptotic follicles was higher in vitrification groups than those of the control group. Cryoprotectant combinations in V4 group showed better follicular preservation especially for primordial follicle. V3, V4 and V5 were best cryoprotectant mixtures, after the control group, according to the number of atretic follicles but the incidence of apoptotic primordial follicles was lowest in V3, V4 and V6. Incidence of apoptosis and the number of atretic follicles were lowest in V3 and V4 groups, and there was better primordial follicle preservation and survivability in VIV group. Thus, the combination of EG + DMSO with sucrose appears to be better suited for vitrification of whole ovarian tissue of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fathi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Mollberg N, Surati M, Demchuk C, Fathi R, Salama AK, Husain AN, Hensing T, Salgia R. Mind-mapping for lung cancer: towards a personalized therapeutics approach. Adv Ther 2011; 28:173-94. [PMID: 21337123 PMCID: PMC3077059 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-010-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There were over 220,000 people diagnosed with lung cancer and over 160,000 people dying of lung cancer during 2010 alone in the United States. In order to arrive at better control, prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutics for lung cancer, we must be able to personalize the approach towards the disease. Mind-mapping has existed for centuries for physicians to properly think about various "flows" of personalized medicine. We include here the epidemiology, diagnosis, histology, and treatment of lung cancer-in particular, non-small cell lung cancer. As we have new molecular signatures for lung cancer, this is further detailed. This review is not meant to be a comprehensive review, but rather its purpose is to highlight important aspects of lung cancer diagnosis, management, and personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mollberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Illinois at Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - M Surati
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - C Demchuk
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R Fathi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - AK Salama
- Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center
| | - AN Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago
| | - T Hensing
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - R Salgia
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Che C, Xiang J, Wang GX, Fathi R, Quan JM, Yang Z. One-pot synthesis of quinoline-based tetracycles by a tandem three-component reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:982-9. [PMID: 17705443 DOI: 10.1021/cc070058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A practical one-pot synthetic strategy for the efficient synthesis of a range of structurally interesting and bioactive quinoline-based tetracycles has been developed. A key step in the synthesis is a tandem three-component reaction of heteroaromatic amine, methyl 2-formylbenzoate and (t)butyl isonitrile, followed by TFA-mediated lactamization via intramolecular aminolysis of an adjacent ester. Results related to a kinase-panel screening for several selected compounds are also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Che
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Beijing, 100871
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To seek an association between total arterial compliance (TAC) and the extent of ischaemia at stress echocardiography. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Regional cardiac centre. METHODS 255 consecutive patients (147 men; mean (SD) age 58 (8)) presenting for stress echocardiography for clinical indications were studied. Wall motion score index (WMSI) was calculated and ischaemia was defined by an inducible or worsening wall motion abnormality. Peak WMSI was used to reflect the extent of dysfunction (ischaemia or scar), and DeltaWMSI was indicative of extent of ischaemia. TAC was assessed at rest by simultaneous radial applanation tonometry and pulsed wave Doppler in all patients. RESULTS Ischaemia was identified by stress echocardiography in 65 patients (25%). TAC was similar in the groups with negative and positive echocardiograms (1.08 (0.41) v 1.17 (0.51) ml/mm Hg, not significant). However, the extent of dysfunction was associated with TAC independently of age, blood pressure, risk factors, and use of a beta blocker. Moreover, the extent of ischaemia was determined by TAC, risk factors, and use of a beta blocker. CONCLUSION While traditional cardiovascular risk factors are strong predictors of ischaemia on stress echocardiography, TAC is an independent predictor of the extent of ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Haluska
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Lu K, Luo T, Xiang Z, You Z, Fathi R, Chen J, Yang Z. A concise and diversity-oriented strategy for the synthesis of benzofurans and indoles via Ugi and Diels-Alder reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 7:958-67. [PMID: 16283808 DOI: 10.1021/cc050099b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of diverse benzofurans and indoles from readily available starting materials was achieved via the sequential Ugi four-component reaction, intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, and oxidative aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Two types of isoquinoline scaffolds were successfully constructed in a combinatorial format via the Ugi four-component reaction and the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction, starting from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing, 100871, China
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Liang B, Huang M, You Z, Xiong Z, Lu K, Fathi R, Chen J, Yang Z. Pd-Catalyzed Copper-Free Carbonylative Sonogashira Reaction of Aryl Iodides with Alkynes for the Synthesis of Alkynyl Ketones and Flavones by Using Water as a Solvent. J Org Chem 2005; 70:6097-100. [PMID: 16018709 DOI: 10.1021/jo050498t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed copper-free carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reaction to synthesize alkynyl ketones from terminal alkynes and aryl iodides was achieved by using water as a solvent. The reaction was carried out at room temperature under balloon pressure of CO with Et(3)N as a base. The developed method was successfully applied to the synthesis of flavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, ShenZhen Graduate School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Benzo[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid (2) was generated from 1 by forming three new bonds in one step via a Pd(II)-mediated cascade carboxylative annulation. The proposed mechanism was supported by the observation of an unusual acetylation of 1 as a side reaction together with an (18)O-labeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- VivoQuest, Inc., 711 Executive Blvd, Valley Cottage, New York 10989, USA.
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Hu Y, Nawoschik KJ, Liao Y, Ma J, Fathi R, Yang Z. Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted 2,3-Diarylbenzo[b]furan by the Pd-Catalyzed Annulation of o-Alkynylphenols: Exploring a Combinatorial Approach. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2235-9. [PMID: 15049614 DOI: 10.1021/jo0303160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The palladium/bpy-catalyzed annulation of o-alkynylphenol with various aryl halides to generate diversified 2,3-diarylbenzo[b]furan is herein described. This method provides an efficient synthetic pathway for the combinatorial synthesis of conformationally restricted 2,3-diarylbenzo[b]furan for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Hu
- VivoQuest, Inc., 711 Executive Boulevard, Valley Cottage, New York 10989, USA
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Liao Y, Hu Y, Wu J, Zhu Q, Donovan M, Fathi R, Yang Z. Diversity Oriented Synthesis and Branching Reaction Pathway to Generate Natural Product-like Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2003; 10:2285-316. [PMID: 14529343 DOI: 10.2174/0929867033456738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry can be used to synthesize diversified molecules on a large scale. As with all large-scale experiments, this process requires a major investment in equipment, consumables and time. Therefore, careful design is critical. As the complexity of the libraries to be generated increases, additional considerations become important. What are the issues that should be considered when planning combinatorial chemistry projects? Which features in the design strategy are critical to consider ensuring that all of the potential products will be synthesized? How are the reactants selected to optimize product synthesis and yield? Over the last several years, through an experimental process, we have successfully developed and optimized our synthetic strategy. Our approach incorporates a number of critical components into a tightly controlled process that generates molecules with maximal structural complexity. This complexity emanates from carbon-carbon bond formation, which is extremely stable and it is reminiscent of complex natural product molecules. Our studies have illustrated that transition metal catalysts are powerful reagents that can be used to drive the synthesis of diverse small molecules from less complex starting materials. In this review, we will describe some of our recent efforts to synthesize natural product-like molecules and their derivative structures to successfully create libraries of complex molecules for drug discovery applications. Our diversity-oriented synthesis methods incorporate transition metal catalysts, as a versatile tool for creating carbon-carbon bonds and structural complexity, and the branched reaction pathway, as a method for incorporating diversity into the molecular scaffolds. We will review our combinatorial chemistry program, focusing on the decisions that we made for (1) the scaffold selection; (2) the design of a diversity oriented approach for library synthesis; (3) the incorporation of the branched reaction pathway to generate natural product-like molecules from the same starting material; and (4) the process steps that we selected for chemistry development and library generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- VivoQuest, Inc, Valley Cottage, NY 10989, USA
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Liao Y, Fathi R, Yang Z. Aliphatic acetylenic homocoupling catalyzed by a novel combination of AgOTs-CuCl2-TMEDA and its application for the solid-phase synthesis of bis-benzo[b]furan-linked 1,3-diynes. Org Lett 2003; 5:909-12. [PMID: 12633103 DOI: 10.1021/ol030009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A novel catalytic system of AgOTs-CuCl(2)-TMEDA is described for the homocoupling of aliphatic acetylenes on solid support. It is the first observation that Ag(I)'s activating triple bond could facilitate Cu(II)-mediated oxidative acetylenic homocoupling. This study provides an efficient way to synthesize a diversified symmetrical bis-benzo[b]furan-linked 1,3-diyne library on solid support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- VivoQuest, Inc., 711 Executive Boulevard, Valley Cottage, New York 10989, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- VivoQuest, Inc. 711 Executive Blvd. Valley Cottage, New York 10989, USA.
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Wu J, Zhu Q, Wang L, Fathi R, Yang Z. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 4-tosyl-2(5H)-furanone with boronic acids: a facile and efficient route to generate 4-substituted 2(5H)-furanones. J Org Chem 2003; 68:670-3. [PMID: 12530910 DOI: 10.1021/jo020640f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and facile synthesis of 4-substituted 2(5H)-furanones using palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between 4-tosyl-2(5H)-furanone and boronic acids is reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Zhu Q, Wu J, Fathi R, Yang Z. Phenyliodonium zwitterion as an efficient electrophile in the palladium-catalyzed suzuki-type reaction: a novel method for the synthesis of 3-aryl-4-hydroxycoumarins. Org Lett 2002; 4:3333-6. [PMID: 12227782 DOI: 10.1021/ol020159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of phenyliodonium zwitterions with aryl boronic acids has been developed. The unique characteristics of the mild reaction conditions and convenient synthetic accessibility of phenyliodonium zwitterions make this method a valuable tool for generating diversified 3-aryl-4-hydroxycoumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center (ADARC), The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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Liao Y, Reitman M, Zhang Y, Fathi R, Yang Z. Palladium(II)-mediated cascade carbonylative annulation of o-alkynyl-phenols on silyl linker-based macrobeads: a combinatorial synthesis of a 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]furan library. Org Lett 2002; 4:2607-9. [PMID: 12123388 DOI: 10.1021/ol020111y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A palladium(II)-mediated cascade carbonylative annulation of o-alkynylphenols was achieved successfully on silyl linker-based macrobeads, which led to an efficient combinatorial synthesis of a 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]furan library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liao
- Harvard Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, SGM 604, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5731, USA.
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Wu J, Wang L, Fathi R, Yang Z. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 4-tosylcoumarin and arylboronic acids: synthesis of 4-arylcoumarin compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fathi R, Jordan F. .alpha.-D-Ribofuranosyl 1,2-cyclic monophosphate. Isolation, NMR spectroscopic properties and rates and mechanism of acid and alkaline hydrolysis. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00372a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gao H, Fathi R, Gaffney BL, Goswami B, Kung PP, Rhee Y, Jin R, Jones RA. 6-O-(Pentafluorophenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine: a versatile synthon for nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00051a051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fathi R, Jordan F. Certain novel ribofuranosyl phosphates derived from 5-phospho-.alpha.-D-ribofuranosyl-1-pyrophosphate: synthesis, structure, and alkaline hydrolytic reactivities. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00244a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Fathi R. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation of o-alkynylphenols: syntheses of 2-substituted-3-aroyl-benzo[b]furans. J Org Chem 2002; 67:2365-8. [PMID: 11925257 DOI: 10.1021/jo010839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here a general synthetic methodology for palladium-catalyzed carbonylative annulation of o-alkynylphenol to construct 2-substituted-3-aroyl-benzo[b]furan. On the basis of the results, this methodology could be applied to a wider selection of iodide substrates to generate desired products. In accordance with mechanistic studies, this process involves coordination of cationic and less hindered acyl palladium complexes with o-alkynylphenols to create a desired cascade triad (coordination, nucleophilic addition, and reductive elimination). Consistent with this mechanism, addition of 1 equiv of AgBF(4) to palladium catalyst Pd(Ph(3)P)(4) generates an ideal candidate for this unique transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Hu
- Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5731, USA.
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Abstract
The subjective interpretation of dobutamine echocardiography (DBE) makes the accuracy of this technique dependent on the experience of the observer, and also poses problems of concordance between observers. Myocardial tissue Doppler velocity (MDV) may offer a quantitative technique for identification of coronary artery disease, but it is unclear whether this parameter could improve the results of less expert readers and in segments with low interobserver concordance. The aim of this study was to find whether MDV improved the accuracy of wall motion scoring in novice readers, experienced echocardiographers, and experts in stress echocardiography, and to identify the optimal means of integrating these tissue Doppler data in 77 patients who underwent DBE and angiography. New or worsening abnormalities were identified as ischemia and abnormalities seen at rest as scarring. Segmental MDV was measured independently and previously derived cutoffs were applied to categorize segments as normal or abnormal. Five strategies were used to combine MDV and wall motion score, and the results of each reader using each strategy were compared with quantitative coronary angiography. The accuracy of wall motion scoring by novice (68 +/- 3%) and experienced echocardiographers (71 +/- 3%) was less than experts in stress echocardiography (88 +/- 3%, p <0.001). Various strategies for integration with MDV significantly improved the accuracy of wall motion scoring by novices from 75 +/- 2% to 77 +/- 5% (p <0.01). Among the experienced group, accuracy improved from 74 +/- 2% to 77 +/- 5% (p <0.05), but in the experts, no improvement was seen from their baseline accuracy. Integration with MDV also improved discordance related to the basal segments. Thus, use of MDV in all segments or MDV in all segments with wall motion scoring in the apex offers an improvement in sensitivity and accuracy with minimal compromise in specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fathi
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Early atherosclerosis involves the endothelium of many arteries. Information about peripheral arterial anatomy and function derived from vascular imaging studies such as brachial artery reactivity (BAR) and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) may be pertinent to the coronary circulation. The prevention and early treatment of atherosclerosis is gaining more attention, and these tests might be used as indications or perhaps guides to the effectiveness of therapy, but their application in clinical practice has been limited. This review seeks to define the anatomy and pathophysiology underlying these investigations, their methodology, the significance of their findings, and the issues that must be resolved before their application. METHODS The literature on BAR and IMT is extensively reviewed, especially in relation to clinical use. RESULTS Abnormal flow-mediated dilation is present in atherosclerotic vessels, is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and may be a marker of preclinical disease. Treatment of known atherosclerotic risk factors has been shown to improve flow-mediated dilation, and some data suggest that vascular responsiveness is related to outcome. Carotid IMT is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and increased levels can predict myocardial infarction and stroke. Aggressive risk factor management can decrease IMT. CONCLUSIONS BAR and IMT are functional and structural markers of the atherosclerotic process. The clinical use of BAR has been limited by varying reproducibility and the influence by exogenous factors, but IMT exhibits less variability. A desirable next step in the development of BAR and IMT as useful clinical tools would be to show an association of improvement in response to treatment with improvement in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fathi
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Liao Y, Fathi R, Reitman M, Zhang Y, Yang Z. Optimization study of Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction on high-loading macrobeads using a silyl linker. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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