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Sherenian MG, Cho SH, Levin A, Min JY, Oh SS, Hu D, Galanter J, Sen S, Huntsman S, Eng C, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Serebrisky D, Avila PC, Kalhan R, Smith LJ, Borrell LN, Seibold MA, Keoki Williams L, Burchard EG, Kumar R. PAI-1 gain-of-function genotype, factors increasing PAI-1 levels, and airway obstruction: The GALA II Cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1150-1158. [PMID: 28543872 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAI-1 gain-of-function variants promote airway fibrosis and are associated with asthma and with worse lung function in subjects with asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether the association of a gain-of-function polymorphism in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with airway obstruction is modified by asthma status, and whether any genotype effect persists after accounting for common exposures that increase PAI-1 level. METHODS We studied 2070 Latino children (8-21y) with genotypic and pulmonary function data from the GALA II cohort. We estimated the relationship of the PAI-1 risk allele with FEV1/FVC by multivariate linear regression, stratified by asthma status. We examined the association of the polymorphism with asthma and airway obstruction within asthmatics via multivariate logistic regression. We replicated associations in the SAPPHIRE cohort of African Americans (n=1056). Secondary analysis included the effect of the at-risk polymorphism on postbronchodilator lung function. RESULTS There was an interaction between asthma status and the PAI-1 polymorphism on FEV1 /FVC (P=.03). The gain-of-function variants, genotypes (AA/AG), were associated with lower FEV1 /FVC in subjects with asthma (β=-1.25, CI: -2.14,-0.35, P=.006), but not in controls. Subjects with asthma and the AA/AG genotypes had a 5% decrease in FEV1 /FVC (P<.001). In asthmatics, the risk genotype (AA/AG) was associated with a 39% increase in risk of clinically relevant airway obstruction (OR=1.39, CI: 1.01, 1.92, P=.04). These associations persisted after exclusion of factors that increase PAI-1 including tobacco exposure and obesity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The decrease in the FEV1 /FVC ratio associated with the risk genotype was modified by asthma status. The genotype increased the odds of airway obstruction by 75% within asthmatics only. As exposures known to increase PAI-1 levels did not mitigate this association, PAI-1 may contribute to airway obstruction in the context of chronic asthmatic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sherenian
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S H Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - A Levin
- Department of Public Health Science, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - J-Y Min
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Galanter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Sen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, UTHSC, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - D Serebrisky
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - P C Avila
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Kalhan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L J Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L N Borrell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - M A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - E G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ahn SH, Cho SH, Song JE, Kim S, Oh SS, Jung S, Cho KA, Lee TH. Caveolin-1 serves as a negative effector in senescent human gingival fibroblasts during Fusobacterium nucleatum infection. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:236-249. [PMID: 27315395 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that aging is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a well-known bacterial species that plays a central bridging role between early and late colonizers in the human oral cavity. Further, the ability of F. nucleatum to invade gingival fibroblasts (GFs) is critical to the development of periodontal diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the age-related infection of GFs by F. nucleatum remain unknown. We used young (fourth passage) and senescent (22nd passage) GFs to investigate the mechanisms of F. nucleatum infection in aged GFs and first observed increased invasion of F. nucleatum in senescent GFs. We also found that the co-localization of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a protein marker of aging, with F. nucleatum and the knockdown of Cav-1 in GFs reduced F. nucleatum invasion. Additionally, F. nucleatum infection triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through activation of NADPH oxidase in GFs, but senescent GFs exhibited significantly lower levels of NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production compared with young GFs in both the uninfected and infected conditions. Also, senescent GFs exhibited a decline in proinflammatory cytokine production and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation following F. nucleatum infection. Interestingly, the knockdown of Cav-1 in senescent GFs increased NADPH oxidase activity and caused the upregulation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and the phosphorylation of ERK. Collectively, the increased expression of Cav-1 might play a critical role in F. nucleatum invasion and could hinder the host response in senescent GFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ahn
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S-H Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J-E Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S S Oh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - K A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - T-H Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
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3
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Abid Z, Oh SS, Hu D, Sen S, Huntsman S, Eng C, Farber HJ, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Serebrisky D, Avila PC, Thyne SM, Kim KYA, Borrell LN, Williams LK, Seibold MA, Burchard EG, Kumar R. Maternal age and asthma in Latino populations. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1398-1406. [PMID: 27238356 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Younger maternal age at birth is associated with increased risk of asthma in offspring in European descent populations, but has not been studied in Latino populations. OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the relationship between maternal age at birth and prevalence of asthma in a nationwide study of Latino children. METHODS We included 3473 Latino children aged 8-21 years (1696 subjects with physician-diagnosed asthma and 1777 healthy controls) from five US centres and Puerto Rico recruited from July 2008 through November 2011. We used multiple logistic regression models to examine the effect of maternal age at birth on asthma in offspring overall and in analyses stratified by ethnic subgroup (Mexican American, Puerto Rican and other Latino). Secondary analyses evaluated the effects of siblings, acculturation and income on this relationship. RESULTS Maternal age < 20 years was significantly associated with decreased odds of asthma in offspring, independent of other risk factors (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93). In subgroup analyses, the protective effect of younger maternal age was observed only in Mexican Americans (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.79). In Puerto Ricans, older maternal age was associated with decreased odds of asthma (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44-0.97). In further stratified models, the protective effect of younger maternal age in Mexican Americans was seen only in children without older siblings (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.81). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In contrast to European descent populations, younger maternal age was associated with decreased odds of asthma in offspring in Mexican American women. Asthma is common in urban minority populations but the factors underlying the varying prevalence among different Latino ethnicities in the United States is not well understood. Maternal age represents one factor that may help to explain this variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Abid
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Sen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H J Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - D Serebrisky
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - P C Avila
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S M Thyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K-Y A Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L N Borrell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - L K Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - M A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - E G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,The Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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White MJ, Risse-Adams O, Goddard P, Contreras MG, Adams J, Hu D, Eng C, Oh SS, Davis A, Meade K, Brigino-Buenaventura E, LeNoir MA, Bibbins-Domingo K, Pino-Yanes M, Burchard EG. Novel genetic risk factors for asthma in African American children: Precision Medicine and the SAGE II Study. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:391-400. [PMID: 27142222 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, an inflammatory disorder of the airways, is the most common chronic disease of children worldwide. There are significant racial/ethnic disparities in asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality among US children. This trend is mirrored in obesity, which may share genetic and environmental risk factors with asthma. The majority of asthma biomedical research has been performed in populations of European decent. We sought to identify genetic risk factors for asthma in African American children. We also assessed the generalizability of genetic variants associated with asthma in European and Asian populations to African American children. Our study population consisted of 1227 (812 asthma cases, 415 controls) African American children with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between SNP genotype and asthma status. We identified a novel variant in the PTCHD3 gene that is significantly associated with asthma (rs660498, p = 2.2 × 10(-7)) independent of obesity status. Approximately 5 % of previously reported asthma genetic associations identified in European populations replicated in African Americans. Our identification of novel variants associated with asthma in African American children, coupled with our inability to replicate the majority of findings reported in European Americans, underscores the necessity for including diverse populations in biomedical studies of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquitta J White
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA.
| | - O Risse-Adams
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
- Lowell Science Research Program, Lowell High School, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Goddard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
| | - M G Contreras
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
- SF BUILD, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Adams
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
| | - D Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
| | - C Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
| | - S S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
| | - A Davis
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - K Meade
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - E Brigino-Buenaventura
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Kaiser Permanente Vallejo Medical Center, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | | | - K Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
| | - M Pino-Yanes
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario N.S. de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 2911, San Francisco, CA, 94143-2911, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Park CS, Oh SS, Kim YE, Choi SY, Lim HG, Ahn H, Kim YJ. Anti-alpha-Gal antibody response following xenogeneic heart valve implantation in adults. J Heart Valve Dis 2013; 22:222-229. [PMID: 23798212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The study aim was to investigate the xenoreactive immune response directed at Galalpha1, 3-Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) which is known to be a major barrier in xenotransplantation, and to identify factors such as age, gender, ABO group and type of implanted tissue that might affect the anti-alpha-Gal immune response in adults subjected to bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV) implantation. METHODS A total of 103 early survivors aged > 20 years who underwent cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass was enrolled. Among the patients (45 males, 58 females; mean age 62.8 years), 66 who underwent BHV implantation were assigned as a study group, while the remainder were assigned to a control group. Serum samples were obtained from all patients on three occasions: before surgery (TO); on postoperative day 1 (T1); and on postoperative day 14 or at discharge (T2). A serum sample was also obtained from 31 patients in the study group at the out-patient clinic (T3) at a mean of 38 days after surgery. RESULTS Anti-alpha-Gal antibody reactivity at TO was higher in patients aged < 65 years. Anti-alpha-Gal IgM and IgG reactivity at T2 was higher in the study group when compared to that in controls. In the study group, anti-alpha-Gal IgM and IgG reactivities were decreased at T1, but then increased at T2 when compared to that at TO. Anti-alpha-Gal IgG reactivity remained elevated at T3, but the IgM reactivity declined in the study group. None of the factors, including age, gender, ABO group and type of implanted tissue, had any effect on the anti-alpha-Gal immune response after BHV implantation. CONCLUSION BHV implantation in adults elicits an increased formation of anti-alpha-Gal antibodies, with different patterns for each isotype. Based on the study results, host factors including age, gender and blood type might be less important in the anti-alpha-Gal immune response following BHV implantation in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Soo Park
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh SS, Sullivan KA, Wilkinson JE, Backus C, Hayes JM, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Neurodegeneration and early lethality in superoxide dismutase 2-deficient mice: a comprehensive analysis of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuroscience 2012; 212:201-13. [PMID: 22516022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications including neuropathy is widely known. Mitochondrial and cellular damage are associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and decreased levels or function of the cellular antioxidant mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). We hypothesized that targeted SOD2 deletion in the peripheral nervous system using cre-lox technology under control of the nestin promoter would accelerate neuropathy in a type 2 model of diabetes, the BKS.db/db mouse. SOD2-deficient mice, however, demonstrated severe gait deformities and seizures and died by 20 days of age. Examination of SOD2 expression levels revealed that SOD2 was lost in brain and reduced in the spinal cord, but appeared normal in dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerves in SOD2-deficient mice. These findings indicate incomplete targeted knockout of SOD2. Morphological examination revealed cortical lesions similar to spongiform encephalopathy in the brain of SOD2-deficient mice. No lesions were evident in the spinal cord, but changes in myelin within the sciatic and sural nerves including a lack of cohesion between layers of compact myelin were observed. Together, these results indicate that targeted neuronal SOD2 knockout using the nestin promoter results in severe central nervous system degeneration and perinatal lethality in mice. A specific peripheral nervous system-targeting construct is required to examine the consequences of SOD2 knockout in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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7
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Baek MJ, Na CY, Oh SS, Lee CH, Kim JH, Seo HJ, Park SW, Kim WS. Surgical treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation combined with rheumatic mitral valve disease: effects of the cryo-maze procedure and predictors for late recurrence. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 30:728-36. [PMID: 17008109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the modified maze procedure using cryoablation for treating chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease and to assess the risk factors for late failure of sinus rhythm restoration. METHODS Between March 2000 and June 2004, 170 consecutive patients, who underwent the modified maze procedure using cryoablation concomitant with mitral valve surgery for atrial fibrillation associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease, were divided into two groups based on the type of right-sided maze: the modified Cox-maze III (CM group, n=93) and modified Kosakai-maze (KM group, n = 77) procedures. The postoperative and mid-term follow-up results were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the risk factors for late recurrence of atrial fibrillation. RESULTS There were three in-hospital deaths, including two in the CM group (2.2%) and one in the KM group (1.3%), and there were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. The cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times were significantly shorter in the KM group than the CM group. At discharge, the sinus rhythm rate was 70% in the CM group and 74% in the KM group (p = 0.55). Follow-up was completed in 97% of the patients, with a mean time of 26.6+/-15.2 months. At the latest follow-up, one death occurred in the CM group (0.6%). Sinus rhythm was documented in 141 (84%) out of all the patients, including 76 (84%) in the CM group and 65 (86%) in the KM group (p=0.72). The 4-year actuarial survival free from stroke was 90.3+/-5.9% for the CM group and 96.4+/-3.5% for the KM group (p = 0.68), and 4-year event-free survival was 81.2+/-7.4% for the CM group and 96.4+/-3.5% for the KM group (p = 0.078). Using a multivariate analysis, a left atrial dimension >65 mm (p = 0.011) and repair for rheumatic mitral valve disease (p = 0.038) were independent risk factors for a late recurrence of AF. CONCLUSIONS The modified maze procedures using cryoablation are safe and effective in treating chronic atrial fibrillation associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jong Baek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Abstract
The clinical manifestations of Plasmodium falciparum malaria are directly linked to the blood stage of the parasite life cycle. At the blood stage, the circulating merozoites invade erythrocytes via a specific invasion pathway often identified with its dependence or independence on sialic acid residues of the host receptor. The invasion process involves multiple receptor-ligand interactions that mediate a complex series of events in a period of approximately 1 min. Although the mechanism by which merozoites invade erythrocytes is not fully understood, recent advances have put a new perspective on the importance of developing a multivalent blood stage-malaria vaccine. In this review, we highlight the role of currently identified host invasion receptors in blood-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Division of Cell Biology, Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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9
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Abstract
We present an alternative technique to the modified Fontan procedure used in a 3-year-old boy who had complex heart defects with bilateral superior vena cava and apicocaval juxtaposition. The left superior vena caval pathway was used behind the ventricle to connect the inferior vena cava to the pulmonary artery. We proved the technical feasibility of this with good midterm results at the 5-year follow-up angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gook Lim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Hong HS, Hwang EM, Sim HJ, Cho HJ, Boo JH, Oh SS, Kim SU, Mook-Jung I. Interferon gamma stimulates beta-secretase expression and sAPPbeta production in astrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 307:922-7. [PMID: 12878199 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurons, but not astrocytes, are known as the major source of Abeta, because astrocytes express low levels of putative beta-secretase (BACE). Astrocytes near senile plaque cores show enhanced levels of BACE protein expression, however, suggesting that astrocytes can contribute to Abeta production under pathological conditions. To investigate factors that stimulate BACE protein expression in astrocytes, we tested the effects of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on BACE protein expression in U373MG astrocytoma cells and primary astrocyte cultures from Tg2576 mouse brains. BACE protein expression and sAPPbeta production were dramatically increased, without changes in holo APP levels, following IFN-gamma treatment in both cell types. AG490, which is a blocker of IFN-gamma-induced STAT signaling, decreased IFN-gamma-induced BACE protein expression and sAPPbeta production in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that astrocytes are capable of expressing BACE and producing sAPPbeta in response to certain stimulating factors, and IFN-gamma is one such factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hong
- Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest during repair of aortic arch anomalies may induce neurological complications or myocardial injury. Regional cerebral and myocardial perfusion may eliminate those potential side effects. METHODS From March 2000 to March 2002, 48 neonates or infants with complex arch anomaly were operated on using the regional perfusion technique. Thirty-three patients were male and the median age was 24 days (range 5-301 days). Preoperative diagnosis consisted of coarctation or interruption of the aorta associated with ventricular septal defect (group I, n = 26) and arch anomaly with complex intracardiac defects such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome or its variants (group II, n = 22). Arterial cannula was inserted through the innominate artery and the flow rate was regulated to about 50-100 ml/kg per min during regional perfusion. Simultaneous myocardial perfusion was maintained using a Y-connected infusion line. Cardioplegia was applied during intracardiac repair. RESULTS Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times were 154 +/- 49 and 39 +/- 34 min, respectively. Temporary circulatory arrest for intracardiac procedures was performed in eight patients. However, the mean arrest time was minimized (range 1-18 min). The descending aorta clamping time was 33 +/- 16 min. Operative mortality rates in each group were 0 and 18.2% (0/26 and 4/22). Late mortality rates were 0 and 11.1% (0/26 and 2/18) during 9.1 months of follow-up. Complications consisted of low cardiac output in eight cases, transient neurological problems in two cases, and transient renal insufficiency in two cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Regional perfusion is feasible and can be used with acceptable results. It may reduce potential complications following aortic arch reconstruction using circulatory arrest. However, repair of aortic arch in the patients with complex intracardiac defects still imposes a significant rate of mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheong Lim
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Institute, Bucheon, Kyungki-do, South Korea
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12
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Abstract
Interstitial pulmonary emphysema is a well-documented complication of assisted mechanical ventilation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Localized persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema (LPIPE) confined to a single lobe was incidentally presented in a 4-day-old female infant. This patient was a normal full-term baby with no respiratory distress symptom and no experience of assisted mechanical ventilation. Chest radiograph showed radiolucent area in right lower lobe zone, which needed differential diagnosis from other congenital lesions such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and congenital lobar emphysema. CT scan showed irregular-shaped air cystic spaces and pathologically, cystic walls primarily consisted of compressed lung parenchyma and loose connective tissue intermittently lined by multinucleated foreign body giant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Oh
- Department of Pathology, Sejong General Hospital, Puchon, Korea
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Voigt S, Hanspal M, LeRoy PJ, Zhao PS, Oh SS, Chishti AH, Liu SC. The cytoadherence ligand Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) binds to the P. falciparum knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) by electrostatic interactions. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2000; 110:423-8. [PMID: 11071296 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Voigt
- Department of Medicine, St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Oh SS, Voigt S, Fisher D, Yi SJ, LeRoy PJ, Derick LH, Liu S, Chishti AH. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 is anchored to the actin-spectrin junction and knob-associated histidine-rich protein in the erythrocyte skeleton. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2000; 108:237-47. [PMID: 10838226 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A distinctive pathological feature of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the endothelial attachment of erythrocytes infected with mature asexual-stage parasites in microvessels of the major organs. Electron-dense protrusions described as knobs are displayed on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes and act as attachment points in cytoadherence. Parasite-encoded knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) is a major component of knobs found on the cytoplasmic side of the host cell membrane. P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a family of parasite-encoded cytoadherence receptors localized to knobs on the surface of parasitized erythrocytes. Despite its high antigenic diversity, PfEMP1 has a remarkably conserved cytoplasmic domain. We demonstrate in this study that the cytoplasmic domain of PfEMP1 (VAR(CD)) binds to host spectrin and actin and to full-length KAHRP in vitro. Apparent dissociation constants determined for VAR(CD)/F-actin and VAR(CD)/KAHRP interactions are 44.9+/-6.4 and 10. 7+/-2.2 nM, respectively. Further, we provide evidence that KAHRP polypeptides self-associate in solution to form structures similar to knobs and show binding of self-associated KAHRP clusters to spectrin-actin-protein 4.1 complexes. Findings in this study suggest that PfEMP1 is localized to the knob in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes by binding to the host spectrin-actin junction and to self-associated KAHRP through its conserved cytoplasmic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology Research, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 736 Cambridge Street, 02135, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Ikeda Y, Martone M, Gu Y, Hoshijima M, Thor A, Oh SS, Peterson KL, Ross J. Altered membrane proteins and permeability correlate with cardiac dysfunction in cardiomyopathic hamsters. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000; 278:H1362-70. [PMID: 10749734 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.4.h1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A mutation in the delta-sarcoglycan (SG) gene with absence of delta-SG protein in the heart has been identified in the BIO14.6 cardiomyopathic (CM) hamster, but how the defective gene leads to myocardial degeneration and dysfunction is unknown. We correlated left ventricular (LV) function with increased sarcolemmal membrane permeability and investigated the LV distribution of the dystrophin-dystroglycan complex in BIO14.6 CM hamsters. On echocardiography at 5 wk of age, the CM hamsters showed a mildly enlarged diastolic dimension (LVDD) with decreased LV percent fractional shortening (%FS), and at 9 wk further enlargement of LVDD with reduction of %FS was observed. The percent area of myocardium exhibiting increased membrane permeability or membrane rupture, assessed by Evans blue dye (EBD) staining and wheat germ agglutinin, was greater at 9 than at 5 wk. In areas not stained by EBD, immunostaining of dystrophin was detected in CM hamsters at sarcolemma and T tubules, as expected, but it was also abnormally expressed at the intercalated discs; in addition, the expression of beta-dystroglycan was significantly reduced compared with control hearts. As previously described, alpha-SG was completely deficient in CM hearts compared with control hearts. In myocardial areas showing increased sarcolemmal permeability, neither dystrophin nor beta-dystroglycan could be identified by immunolabeling. Thus, together with the known loss of delta-SG and other SGs, abnormal distribution of dystrophin and reduction of beta-dystroglycan are associated with increased sarcolemmal permeability followed by cell rupture, which correlates with early progressive cardiac dysfunction in the BIO14.6 CM hamster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ikeda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0613, USA
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16
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Hanada T, Lin L, Chandy KG, Oh SS, Chishti AH. Human homologue of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor binds to p56lck tyrosine kinase and Shaker type Kv1.3 potassium channel in T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:26899-904. [PMID: 9341123 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.43.26899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human homologue of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor protein (hDlg) belongs to a newly discovered family of proteins termed MAGUKs that appear to have structural as well as signaling functions. Consistent with the multi-domain organization of MAGUKs, hDlg consists of three copies of the PDZ (PSD-95/Discs large/zO-1) domain, an SH3 motif, and a guanylate kinase-like domain. In addition, the hDlg contains an amino-terminal proline-rich domain that is absent in other MAGUKs. To explore the role of hDlg in cell signaling pathways, we used human T lymphocytes as a model system to investigate interaction of hDlg with known tyrosine kinases. In human T lymphocyte cell lines, binding properties of hDlg were studied by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immune complex kinase assays. Our results show that protein tyrosine kinase activity is associated with the immunoprecipitates of hDlg. Immunoblotting experiments revealed that the immunoprecipitates of hDlg contain p56lck, a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases. The specificity of the interaction is demonstrated by the lack of p59fyn tyrosine kinase and phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase in the hDlg immunoprecipitates. Direct interaction between hDlg and p56lck is demonstrated using glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins of hDlg and recombinant p56lck expressed in the baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. The p56lck binding site was localized within the amino-terminal segment of hDlg containing proline-rich domain. In addition, we show in vivo association of hDlg with Kv1.3 channel, which was expressed in T lymphocytes as an epitope-tagged protein using a vaccinia virus expression system. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence of a direct interaction between hDlg and p56lck tyrosine kinase and suggest a novel function of hDlg in coupling tyrosine kinase and voltage-gated potassium channel in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hanada
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA
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17
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Siow YL, Kalmar GB, Sanghera JS, Tai G, Oh SS, Pelech SL. Identification of two essential phosphorylated threonine residues in the catalytic domain of Mekk1. Indirect activation by Pak3 and protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:7586-94. [PMID: 9065412 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.12.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa protein kinase Mekk1 plays an important role in the stress response pathway that involves the activation of downstream kinases Sek1 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Conserved serine and threonine residues located between the kinase subdomains VII and VIII of many protein kinases are phosphorylated for maximal kinase activation. Two threonine residues within this region in Mekk1 at positions 560 and 572, but not the serine at 557, were shown to be essential for catalytic activity in this study. When these threonine residues were replaced with alanine, there was a significant loss in phosphotransferase activity toward the primary substrate, Sek1, and a large decrease in autophosphorylation activity. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that these threonine residues cannot be replaced with either serine or glutamic acid for preservation of phosphotransferase activity. Further examination of the Mekk1 mutants isolated from 32P-labeled transfected COS cells showed that Thr-560 and Thr-572 were indeed phosphorylated after two-dimensional tryptic-chymotryptic phosphopeptide analysis. Additional determinants in the NH2-terminal domain of Mekk1 also play a role in the regulation of Mekk1 activity. Although Pak3 and PKC can activate Mekk1 in vivo, this interaction is indirect and independent, since there was no direct phosphorylation of Mekk1 by Pak3 or PKC or of Pak3 by PKC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Siow
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria, the most lethal form of human malaria, claims at least 2 million lives worldwide each year. Recently, there has been a significant advance in our understanding of the molecular basis of P. falciparum sequestration, a distinctive pathologic feature that often leads to fatal human cerebral malaria. Parasite-derived VAR proteins (Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte membrane protein 1) have been cloned and identified as antigenically diverse cytoadherent receptors localized to the knob protrusions that act as attachment points in parasite sequestration. Evidence now supports the hypothesis that cryptic regions of band 3 protein are parasite-induced, host-derived erythrocyte receptors mediating parasite sequestration. Knob structures have been localized to spectrin-actin-protein 4.1 junctions in intact spread membrane skeletons. A recombinant domain of knob-associated histidine-rich protein, a major protein found in both membrane-intact and isolated knobs, has been shown to associate with filamentous actin and spectrin. Parasite- and host-derived erythrocyte membrane proteins involved in P. falciparum sequestration are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Department of Biomedical Research, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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Oh SS, Khardori R, Kopplin DK, Amador AG. Effects of somatostatin and somatotropin on the in vitro testicular steroidogenesis in hamster. Rev Esp Fisiol 1995; 51:187-92. [PMID: 8907432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adult hamsters were exposed to short-photoperiod, and injected with either somatotropin (GH), somatostatin (GHRIH), or saline for eight weeks. Hamster testis fragments of similar size were incubated with or without hCG. No significant differences in the basal media testosterone and estradiol levels were observed among groups. Treatment with GH potentiated the hCG-dependent increase in media testosterone. Contrary to what was expected, treatment with GHRIH did not only not reduce the hCG-related elevation in media testosterone, but even produced a numerical increase of it. Treatment with GHRIH potentiated the hCG-dependent increase in media estradiol, whereas treatment with GH produced only a numerical increase of the response. Furthermore, the combined exposure to GHRIH and hCG appeared to cause an increase in the efficiency of testicular aromatase. Since previous data indicated that the combined deficiency of lactotropic and somatotropic actions severely impairs testicular steroidogenesis, treatment with GHRIH should have caused further steroidogenic impairment in hamsters exposed to short-photoperiod. Since this does not appear to be the case, it could be postulated that GHRIH has a direct stimulatory or at least a protective effect on testicular steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-1315, USA
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20
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Oh SS, Kaplan ML. Early treatment of obese (ob/ob) mice with triiodothyronine increases oxidative metabolism in muscle but not in brown adipose tissue or liver. J Nutr 1995; 125:112-24. [PMID: 7815168 DOI: 10.1093/jn/125.1.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the possibility that early replacement of low triiodothyronine (T3) may improve the low oxidative metabolism in metabolically important tissues of ob/ob mice. Triiodothyronine doses (2.5 to 25.0 micrograms/100 g body wt) were injected intraperitoneally into ob/ob and non-ob/ob mice daily from 3 wk until 6 wk of age. Untreated ob/ob and non-ob/ob mice were injected with saline (pH 9.1). Food intake was equalized across all groups. At 6 wk of age, the O2 consumption of muscle, white and brown adipose tissues, and hepatocytes was measured. The saline-treated ob/ob mice showed lower muscle weights, higher fat pad and liver weights, and larger fat cell sizes than saline-treated non-ob/ob mice. In ob/ob mice, tissue O2 consumption was the same in muscle, lower in brown and white adipose tissues, but higher in liver compared with values in non-ob/ob mice. Triiodothyronine treatment in ob/ob mice resulted in lower values for body weight, liver weight, hepatocyte number, liver protein, epididymal fat pad weight, and white adipocyte number and size than in saline-treated ob/ob mice. Triiodothyronine treatment increased soleus muscle, liver and brown adipose tissue O2 consumption in non-ob/ob mice. In ob/ob mice, triiodothyronine increased only soleus muscle O2 consumption and required higher doses than in non-ob/ob mice to achieve an effect. These data are consistent with the concept of tissue triiodothyronine resistance in ob/ob mice. Low triiodothyronine levels and tissue resistance to triiodothyronine might be important early defects in this obesity syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Oh SS, Kaplan ML. Early treatment of obese (ob/ob) mice with triiodothyronine increases oxygen consumption and temperature and decreases body fat content. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994; 207:260-7. [PMID: 7800681 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-207-43814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An early abnormality in the ob/ob mouse is a low circulating level of the thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). The possibility was explored that early T3 treatment of ob/ob mice will increase oxidative metabolism and lower body fat content. Doses of T3, ranging from 0.0 to 25.0 micrograms/100 g body wt were injected, ip, into ob/ob and non-ob/ob mice daily from 3 weeks until 6 weeks of age. Food intake was equalized across all groups to that consumed by non-ob/ob saline-treated group. At 6 weeks of age, body weight, serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), T3, insulin and glucose, oxygen consumption, colonic temperature, and body composition were analyzed. T3 treatment decreased body weight, increased body oxygen consumption, increased colonic temperature, and decreased body fat without a significant change in body protein in ob/ob mice. T3 treatment also increased serum T3, and decreased serum T4, insulin, and glucose concentrations in ob/ob mice. Because total body protein did not change as a result of T3 treatment, the increased oxidative metabolism due to T3 treatment was probably via the change of metabolic activity of the total lean body mass or the specific metabolically active tissues in the ob/ob mice, such as brown adipose tissue, liver, or muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Abstract
Based on Akhtar's ferric peroxide mechanism and on recent studies in our own laboratory, we present a detailed proposal for aromatase action. This picture can account for the known stereochemical consequences at C-19 observed by others using isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. The postulated process involves anchoring of the 19-hydroxymethyl and 19-oxo groups at the active site by a glutamate residue, which also serves to activate the 19-oxo group for attack by ferric peroxy species in the third oxidative step.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
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Kaplan ML, Oh SS. Oxygen consumption of muscles from ob/ob and Ay/a strains of obese mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 1991; 15:809-12. [PMID: 1794923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen consumption was measured in the in vitro preparations of soleus, extensor digitorum longus, gracilis, and diaphragm muscles from young ob/ob obese mice. In young Ay/a obese mice, similar measurements were made with in vitro preparations of soleus, gracilis, and diaphragm muscles. These young obese mice were heavier than their nonobese littermates. Muscle weights were similar in obese and nonobese mice. In the Ay/a obese mice, values of muscle oxygen consumption were similar to those found in the a/a nonobese littermates. This correlates well with other known information about the Ay/a variety of obesity. In the ob/ob obese mice, values of oxygen consumption in the gracilis and diaphragm muscle preparations were lower than those in nonobese littermates. These data indicate that some muscles in the ob/ob obese mice contribute to the depressed whole animal oxygen consumption by virtue of defective oxidative metabolism. The data also indicate that the tissue defects are very different in various types of obese animal models. This probably is also true for different types of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Kaplan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Oh SS, Kaplan ML. Effect of triiodothyronine on glucose utilization in diaphragm of obese (ob/ob) mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 1989; 13:21-30. [PMID: 2703291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetically obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice are hypothyroid, hyperinsulinemic, and insulin resistant. Because muscle plays an important role in glucose homeostasis, the role of triiodothyronine (T3) in regulation of insulin-sensitive glucose utilization by muscles of obese mice was examined. Four doses of T3, 5.0, 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 micrograms/100 g body weight were injected, i.p., into obese and nonobese mice daily from 3 weeks until 6 weeks of age. Food consumption and body weight were decreased at lower doses of T3 and increased at higher doses of T3 in both obese and nonobese mice. By 6 weeks of age all doses of T3 treatment increased oxygen consumption in both genotypes. At 6 weeks of age, the diaphragms from the saline-injected nonobese mice had greater in-vitro insulin-stimulated glucose utilization than muscles from the saline-injected obese mice. Both anaerobic and aerobic glucose oxidation were increased by T3 treatment, but the obese had greater increases than those observed in muscles from nonobese mice. Muscles from obese mice increased insulin-stimulated glucose utilization by T3 treatment to that of the nonobese level, whereas there was no change in insulin-stimulated glucose utilization of nonobese mice. Muscle glycogen synthesis in obese and nonobese mice was decreased with very high T3 doses. A higher dose of T3 was required to increase glucose utilization in the obese muscles than in the nonobese muscles. The results suggest that a functional hypothyroidism or T3 resistance may be an early part of this particular obesity syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Oh
- Food and Nutrition Department, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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