1
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Senkin S, Moody S, Díaz-Gay M, Abedi-Ardekani B, Cattiaux T, Ferreiro-Iglesias A, Wang J, Fitzgerald S, Kazachkova M, Vangara R, Le AP, Bergstrom EN, Khandekar A, Otlu B, Cheema S, Latimer C, Thomas E, Atkins JR, Smith-Byrne K, Cortez Cardoso Penha R, Carreira C, Chopard P, Gaborieau V, Keski-Rahkonen P, Jones D, Teague JW, Ferlicot S, Asgari M, Sangkhathat S, Attawettayanon W, Świątkowska B, Jarmalaite S, Sabaliauskaite R, Shibata T, Fukagawa A, Mates D, Jinga V, Rascu S, Mijuskovic M, Savic S, Milosavljevic S, Bartlett JMS, Albert M, Phouthavongsy L, Ashton-Prolla P, Botton MR, Silva Neto B, Bezerra SM, Curado MP, Zequi SDC, Reis RM, Faria EF, de Menezes NS, Ferrari RS, Banks RE, Vasudev NS, Zaridze D, Mukeriya A, Shangina O, Matveev V, Foretova L, Navratilova M, Holcatova I, Hornakova A, Janout V, Purdue MP, Rothman N, Chanock SJ, Ueland PM, Johansson M, McKay J, Scelo G, Chanudet E, Humphreys L, de Carvalho AC, Perdomo S, Alexandrov LB, Stratton MR, Brennan P. Geographic variation of mutagenic exposures in kidney cancer genomes. Nature 2024; 629:10.1038/s41586-024-07368-2. [PMID: 38693263 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
International differences in the incidence of many cancer types indicate the existence of carcinogen exposures that have not yet been identified by conventional epidemiology make a substantial contribution to cancer burden1. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, obesity, hypertension and tobacco smoking are risk factors, but they do not explain the geographical variation in its incidence2. Underlying causes can be inferred by sequencing the genomes of cancers from populations with different incidence rates and detecting differences in patterns of somatic mutations. Here we sequenced 962 clear cell renal cell carcinomas from 11 countries with varying incidence. The somatic mutation profiles differed between countries. In Romania, Serbia and Thailand, mutational signatures characteristic of aristolochic acid compounds were present in most cases, but these were rare elsewhere. In Japan, a mutational signature of unknown cause was found in more than 70% of cases but in less than 2% elsewhere. A further mutational signature of unknown cause was ubiquitous but exhibited higher mutation loads in countries with higher incidence rates of kidney cancer. Known signatures of tobacco smoking correlated with tobacco consumption, but no signature was associated with obesity or hypertension, suggesting that non-mutagenic mechanisms of action underlie these risk factors. The results of this study indicate the existence of multiple, geographically variable, mutagenic exposures that potentially affect tens of millions of people and illustrate the opportunities for new insights into cancer causation through large-scale global cancer genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Senkin
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Cattiaux
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Aida Ferreiro-Iglesias
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Fitzgerald
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariya Kazachkova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raviteja Vangara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anh Phuong Le
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik N Bergstrom
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Azhar Khandekar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Burçak Otlu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saamin Cheema
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Calli Latimer
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Thomas
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua Ronald Atkins
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, The Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, The Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Christine Carreira
- Evidence Synthesis and Classification Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Priscilia Chopard
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Gaborieau
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - David Jones
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon W Teague
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Ferlicot
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Univeristé Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mojgan Asgari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Worapat Attawettayanon
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Sabaliauskaite
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Akihiko Fukagawa
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Dana Mates
- Occupational Health and Toxicology Department, National Center for Environmental Risk Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Urology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Rascu
- Urology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirjana Mijuskovic
- Clinic of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavisa Savic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Dr D. Misovic Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Milosavljevic
- International Organization for Cancer Prevention and Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - John M S Bartlett
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Monique Albert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Tumour Bank, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larry Phouthavongsy
- Ontario Tumour Bank, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Experimental Research Center, Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Botton
- Transplant Immunology and Personalized Medicine Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Brasil Silva Neto
- Service of Urology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Surgical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Paula Curado
- Department of Epidemiology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stênio de Cássio Zequi
- Department of Urology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Latin American Renal Cancer Group (LARCG), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Sao Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eliney Ferreira Faria
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Urology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosamonde E Banks
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David Zaridze
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anush Mukeriya
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Shangina
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Matveev
- Department of Urology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hornakova
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - James McKay
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Estelle Chanudet
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Laura Humphreys
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Perdomo
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
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2
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Torrens L, Moody S, de Carvalho AC, Kazachkova M, Abedi-Ardekani B, Cheema S, Senkin S, Cattiaux T, Cortez Cardoso Penha R, Atkins JR, Gaborieau V, Chopard P, Carreira C, Abbasi A, Bergstrom EN, Vangara R, Wang J, Fitzgerald S, Latimer C, Diaz-Gay M, Jones D, Teague J, Ribeiro Pinto F, Kowalski LP, Polesel J, Giudici F, de Oliveira JC, Lagiou P, Lagiou A, Vilensky M, Mates D, Mates IN, Arantes LM, Reis R, Podesta JRV, von Zeidler SV, Holcatova I, Curado MP, Canova C, Fabianova E, Rodríguez-Urrego PA, Humphreys L, Alexandrov LB, Brennan P, Stratton MR, Perdomo S. The Complexity of Tobacco Smoke-Induced Mutagenesis in Head and Neck Cancer. medRxiv 2024:2024.04.15.24305006. [PMID: 38699364 PMCID: PMC11065003 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.24305006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke, alone or combined with alcohol, is the predominant cause of head and neck cancer (HNC). Here, we further explore how tobacco exposure contributes to cancer development by mutational signature analysis of 265 whole-genome sequenced HNC from eight countries. Six tobacco-associated mutational signatures were detected, including some not previously reported. Differences in HNC incidence between countries corresponded with differences in mutation burdens of tobacco-associated signatures, consistent with the dominant role of tobacco in HNC causation. Differences were found in the burden of tobacco-associated signatures between anatomical subsites, suggesting that tissue-specific factors modulate mutagenesis. We identified an association between tobacco smoking and three additional alcohol-related signatures indicating synergism between the two exposures. Tobacco smoking was associated with differences in the mutational spectra and repertoire of driver mutations in cancer genes, and in patterns of copy number change. Together, the results demonstrate the multiple pathways by which tobacco smoke can influence the evolution of cancer cell clones.
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3
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Perdomo S, Abedi-Ardekani B, de Carvalho AC, Ferreiro-Iglesias A, Gaborieau V, Cattiaux T, Renard H, Chopard P, Carreira C, Spanu A, Nikmanesh A, Cardoso Penha RC, Antwi SO, Ashton-Prolla P, Canova C, Chitapanarux T, Cox R, Curado MP, de Oliveira JC, Dzamalala C, Fabianova E, Ferri L, Fitzgerald R, Foretova L, Gallinger S, Goldstein AM, Holcatova I, Huertas A, Janout V, Jarmalaite S, Kaneva R, Kowalski LP, Kulis T, Lagiou P, Lissowska J, Malekzadeh R, Mates D, McCorrmack V, Menya D, Mhatre S, Mmbaga BT, de Moricz A, Nyirády P, Ognjanovic M, Papadopoulou K, Polesel J, Purdue MP, Rascu S, Rebolho Batista LM, Reis RM, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Rodríguez-Urrego PA, Sangkhathat S, Sangrajrang S, Shibata T, Stakhovsky E, Świątkowska B, Vaccaro C, Vasconcelos de Podesta JR, Vasudev NS, Vilensky M, Yeung J, Zaridze D, Zendehdel K, Scelo G, Chanudet E, Wang J, Fitzgerald S, Latimer C, Moody S, Humphreys L, Alexandrov LB, Stratton MR, Brennan P. The Mutographs biorepository: A unique genomic resource to study cancer around the world. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100500. [PMID: 38325367 PMCID: PMC10943582 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale biorepositories and databases are essential to generate equitable, effective, and sustainable advances in cancer prevention, early detection, cancer therapy, cancer care, and surveillance. The Mutographs project has created a large genomic dataset and biorepository of over 7,800 cancer cases from 30 countries across five continents with extensive demographic, lifestyle, environmental, and clinical information. Whole-genome sequencing is being finalized for over 4,000 cases, with the primary goal of understanding the causes of cancer at eight anatomic sites. Genomic, exposure, and clinical data will be publicly available through the International Cancer Genome Consortium Accelerating Research in Genomic Oncology platform. The Mutographs sample and metadata biorepository constitutes a legacy resource for new projects and collaborations aiming to increase our current research efforts in cancer genomic epidemiology globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Perdomo
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Ana Carolina de Carvalho
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Aida Ferreiro-Iglesias
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Gaborieau
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Cattiaux
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Renard
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Priscilia Chopard
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Christine Carreira
- Evidence Synthesis and Classification Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Andreea Spanu
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Arash Nikmanesh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | | | - Samuel O Antwi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Experimental Research Center, Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Taned Chitapanarux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Riley Cox
- Ontario Tumour Bank, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- Department of Epidemiology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Mount Sinai Hospital; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostic, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Epidemiology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- The Maria Sklodowska-Cure National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dana Mates
- Occupational Health and Toxicology, National Center for Environmental Risk Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valerie McCorrmack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Diana Menya
- Moi University, School of Public Health, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Sharayu Mhatre
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology and Population Genomics, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - André de Moricz
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre & Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Miodrag Ognjanovic
- IOCPR- International Organization for Cancer Prevention and Research, Serbia, Belgrade
| | | | - Jerry Polesel
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Rascu
- Urology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - "Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan; Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | | | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland
| | - Carlos Vaccaro
- Instituto Medicina Traslacional e Ingenieria Biomedica - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Naveen S Vasudev
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marta Vilensky
- Instituto de Oncología Angel Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - David Zaridze
- Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- Observational & Pragmatic Research Institute Pte., Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Estelle Chanudet
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Fitzgerald
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Calli Latimer
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Humphreys
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
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4
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Díaz-Gay M, Vangara R, Barnes M, Wang X, Islam SMA, Vermes I, Duke S, Narasimman NB, Yang T, Jiang Z, Moody S, Senkin S, Brennan P, Stratton MR, Alexandrov LB. Assigning mutational signatures to individual samples and individual somatic mutations with SigProfilerAssignment. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad756. [PMID: 38096571 PMCID: PMC10746860 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Analysis of mutational signatures is a powerful approach for understanding the mutagenic processes that have shaped the evolution of a cancer genome. To evaluate the mutational signatures operative in a cancer genome, one first needs to quantify their activities by estimating the number of mutations imprinted by each signature. RESULTS Here we present SigProfilerAssignment, a desktop and an online computational framework for assigning all types of mutational signatures to individual samples. SigProfilerAssignment is the first tool that allows both analysis of copy-number signatures and probabilistic assignment of signatures to individual somatic mutations. As its computational engine, the tool uses a custom implementation of the forward stagewise algorithm for sparse regression and nonnegative least squares for numerical optimization. Analysis of 2700 synthetic cancer genomes with and without noise demonstrates that SigProfilerAssignment outperforms four commonly used approaches for assigning mutational signatures. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION SigProfilerAssignment is available under the BSD 2-clause license at https://github.com/AlexandrovLab/SigProfilerAssignment with a web implementation at https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/signatures/assignment/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Raviteja Vangara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Mark Barnes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - S M Ashiqul Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Ian Vermes
- COSMIC, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Duke
- COSMIC, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Nithish Bharadhwaj Narasimman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Zichen Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Senkin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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5
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Díaz-Gay M, Vangara R, Barnes M, Wang X, Islam SMA, Vermes I, Narasimman NB, Yang T, Jiang Z, Moody S, Senkin S, Brennan P, Stratton MR, Alexandrov LB. Assigning mutational signatures to individual samples and individual somatic mutations with SigProfilerAssignment. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.10.548264. [PMID: 37502962 PMCID: PMC10369904 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.10.548264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of mutational signatures is a powerful approach for understanding the mutagenic processes that have shaped the evolution of a cancer genome. Here we present SigProfilerAssignment, a desktop and an online computational framework for assigning all types of mutational signatures to individual samples. SigProfilerAssignment is the first tool that allows both analysis of copy-number signatures and probabilistic assignment of signatures to individual somatic mutations. As its computational engine, the tool uses a custom implementation of the forward stagewise algorithm for sparse regression and nonnegative least squares for numerical optimization. Analysis of 2,700 synthetic cancer genomes with and without noise demonstrates that SigProfilerAssignment outperforms four commonly used approaches for assigning mutational signatures. SigProfilerAssignment is freely available at https://github.com/AlexandrovLab/SigProfilerAssignment with a web implementation at https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/signatures/assignment/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Raviteja Vangara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mark Barnes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - S M Ashiqul Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ian Vermes
- COSMIC, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nithish Bharadhwaj Narasimman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zichen Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sergey Senkin
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69366 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69366 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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6
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Greene AK, Norling HN, Brownstone LM, Maloul EK, Roe C, Moody S. Visions of recovery: a cross-diagnostic examination of eating disorder pro-recovery communities on TikTok. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:109. [PMID: 37400909 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals seeking support or inspiration for eating disorder recovery may turn to pro-recovery content on social media sites such as TikTok. While research has thus far treated pro-recovery social media as a fairly homogeneous space, many pro-recovery hashtags single out particular eating disorder diagnoses. This exploratory study used codebook thematic analysis of 241 popular pro-recovery videos on TikTok to compare the presentation of eating disorders and eating disorder recovery across five different diagnosis-specific hashtags: #anarecovery, #arfidrecovery, #bedrecovery, #miarecovery, and #orthorexiarecovery. These hashtags refer to the following eating disorder diagnoses respectively: anorexia nervosa, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and orthorexia nervosa. Our analysis generated the following qualitative themes across the entire dataset: (1) centrality of food to eating disorders and recovery, (2) what eating disorders look and feel like, (3) recovery as a process, (4) getting and giving help, and (5) negotiating diet culture in recovery. To supplement our qualitative findings and facilitate cross-diagnostic comparisons, we also conducted one-way ANOVAs and chi-square tests to probe for statistically significant differences in audience engagement and code prevalence across the different hashtags. Our results indicate that there are clear differences in how recovery is envisioned on TikTok based on which diagnostic hashtags are employed. Such variations in how different eating disorders are imagined on popular social media demand further investigation and clinical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Greene
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Bldg. 14, G016, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Hannah N Norling
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver, 1999 East Evans Avenue, Denver, CO, 80208-1700, USA
| | - Lisa M Brownstone
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver, 1999 East Evans Avenue, Denver, CO, 80208-1700, USA
| | - Elana K Maloul
- Department of English Language and Literature, University of Michigan, 435 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Caity Roe
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver, 1999 East Evans Avenue, Denver, CO, 80208-1700, USA
| | - Sarah Moody
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver, 1999 East Evans Avenue, Denver, CO, 80208-1700, USA
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7
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Nomburg J, Bullman S, Nasrollahzadeh D, Collisson EA, Abedi-Ardekani B, Akoko LO, Atkins JR, Buckle GC, Gopal S, Hu N, Kaimila B, Khoshnia M, Malekzadeh R, Menya D, Mmbaga BT, Moody S, Mulima G, Mushi BP, Mwaiselage J, Mwanga A, Newton Y, Ng DL, Radenbaugh A, Rwakatema DS, Selekwa M, Schüz J, Taylor PR, Vaske C, Goldstein A, Stratton MR, McCormack V, Brennan P, DeCaprio JA, Meyerson M, Mmbaga EJ, Van Loon K. An international report on bacterial communities in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1947-1959. [PMID: 35837755 PMCID: PMC11100422 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is disproportionately high in the eastern corridor of Africa and parts of Asia. Emerging research has identified a potential association between poor oral health and ESCC. One possible link between poor oral health and ESCC involves the alteration of the microbiome. We performed an integrated analysis of four independent sequencing efforts of ESCC tumors from patients from high- and low-incidence regions of the world. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of ESCC tumors from 61 patients in Tanzania, we identified a community of bacteria, including members of the genera Fusobacterium, Selenomonas, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, Veillonella and Campylobacter, present at high abundance in ESCC tumors. We then characterized the microbiome of 238 ESCC tumor specimens collected in two additional independent sequencing efforts consisting of patients from other high-ESCC incidence regions (Tanzania, Malawi, Kenya, Iran, China). This analysis revealed similar ESCC-associated bacterial communities in these cancers. Because these genera are traditionally considered members of the oral microbiota, we next explored whether there was a relationship between the synchronous saliva and tumor microbiomes of ESCC patients in Tanzania. Comparative analyses revealed that paired saliva and tumor microbiomes were significantly similar with a specific enrichment of Fusobacterium and Prevotella in the tumor microbiome. Together, these data indicate that cancer-associated oral bacteria are associated with ESCC tumors at the time of diagnosis and support a model in which oral bacteria are present in high abundance in both saliva and tumors of some ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Nomburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dariush Nasrollahzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital. Tehran Iran
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Eric A. Collisson
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Larry O. Akoko
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joshua R. Atkins
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Geoffrey C. Buckle
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Satish Gopal
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital. Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital. Tehran Iran
| | - Diana Menya
- School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Beatrice P. Mushi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Ally Mwanga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yulia Newton
- NantOmics/NantHealth, Inc., El Segundo, California, USA
| | - Dianna L. Ng
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Deogratias S. Rwakatema
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Msiba Selekwa
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Vaske
- NantOmics/NantHealth, Inc., El Segundo, California, USA
| | - Alisa Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael R. Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Valerie McCormack
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - James A. DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elia J. Mmbaga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Katherine Van Loon
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Islam SA, Díaz-Gay M, Wu Y, Barnes M, Vangara R, Bergstrom EN, He Y, Vella M, Wang J, Teague JW, Clapham P, Moody S, Senkin S, Li YR, Riva L, Zhang T, Gruber AJ, Steele CD, Otlu B, Khandekar A, Abbasi A, Humphreys L, Syulyukina N, Brady SW, Alexandrov BS, Pillay N, Zhang J, Adams DJ, Martincorena I, Wedge DC, Landi MT, Brennan P, Stratton MR, Rozen SG, Alexandrov LB. Uncovering novel mutational signatures by de novo extraction with SigProfilerExtractor. Cell Genom 2022; 2:None. [PMID: 36388765 PMCID: PMC9646490 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutational signature analysis is commonly performed in cancer genomic studies. Here, we present SigProfilerExtractor, an automated tool for de novo extraction of mutational signatures, and benchmark it against another 13 bioinformatics tools by using 34 scenarios encompassing 2,500 simulated signatures found in 60,000 synthetic genomes and 20,000 synthetic exomes. For simulations with 5% noise, reflecting high-quality datasets, SigProfilerExtractor outperforms other approaches by elucidating between 20% and 50% more true-positive signatures while yielding 5-fold less false-positive signatures. Applying SigProfilerExtractor to 4,643 whole-genome- and 19,184 whole-exome-sequenced cancers reveals four novel signatures. Two of the signatures are confirmed in independent cohorts, and one of these signatures is associated with tobacco smoking. In summary, this report provides a reference tool for analysis of mutational signatures, a comprehensive benchmarking of bioinformatics tools for extracting signatures, and several novel mutational signatures, including one putatively attributed to direct tobacco smoking mutagenesis in bladder tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Ashiqul Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Centre for Computational Biology and Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mark Barnes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Raviteja Vangara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik N. Bergstrom
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yudou He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mike Vella
- NVIDIA Corporation, 2788 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jon W. Teague
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Peter Clapham
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sergey Senkin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cedex 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Yun Rose Li
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Genetics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Laura Riva
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andreas J. Gruber
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christopher D. Steele
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Burçak Otlu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Azhar Khandekar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ammal Abbasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laura Humphreys
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Samuel W. Brady
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Boian S. Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David J. Adams
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Iñigo Martincorena
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David C. Wedge
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cedex 08, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Michael R. Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Steven G. Rozen
- Centre for Computational Biology and Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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9
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Moody S, Senkin S, Islam SMA, Wang J, Nasrollahzadeh D, Cortez Cardoso Penha R, Fitzgerald S, Bergstrom EN, Atkins J, He Y, Khandekar A, Smith-Byrne K, Carreira C, Gaborieau V, Latimer C, Thomas E, Abnizova I, Bucciarelli PE, Jones D, Teague JW, Abedi-Ardekani B, Serra S, Scoazec JY, Saffar H, Azmoudeh-Ardalan F, Sotoudeh M, Nikmanesh A, Poustchi H, Niavarani A, Gharavi S, Eden M, Richman P, Campos LS, Fitzgerald RC, Ribeiro LF, Soares-Lima SC, Dzamalala C, Mmbaga BT, Shibata T, Menya D, Goldstein AM, Hu N, Malekzadeh R, Fazel A, McCormack V, McKay J, Perdomo S, Scelo G, Chanudet E, Humphreys L, Alexandrov LB, Brennan P, Stratton MR. Mutational signatures in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from eight countries with varying incidence. Nat Genet 2021; 53:1553-1563. [PMID: 34663923 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) shows remarkable variation in incidence that is not fully explained by known lifestyle and environmental risk factors. It has been speculated that an unknown exogenous exposure(s) could be responsible. Here we combine the fields of mutational signature analysis with cancer epidemiology to study 552 ESCC genomes from eight countries with varying incidence rates. Mutational profiles were similar across all countries studied. Associations between specific mutational signatures and ESCC risk factors were identified for tobacco, alcohol, opium and germline variants, with modest impacts on mutation burden. We find no evidence of a mutational signature indicative of an exogenous exposure capable of explaining differences in ESCC incidence. Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)-associated mutational signatures single-base substitution (SBS)2 and SBS13 were present in 88% and 91% of cases, respectively, and accounted for 25% of the mutation burden on average, indicating that APOBEC activation is a crucial step in ESCC tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sergey Senkin
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - S M Ashiqul Islam
- Moores Cancer Centre, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dariush Nasrollahzadeh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Stephen Fitzgerald
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erik N Bergstrom
- Moores Cancer Centre, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Atkins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Yudou He
- Moores Cancer Centre, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Azhar Khandekar
- Moores Cancer Centre, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Christine Carreira
- Evidence Synthesis and Classification Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Calli Latimer
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Thomas
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irina Abnizova
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pauline E Bucciarelli
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Jones
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon W Teague
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - Hiva Saffar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Nikmanesh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Niavarani
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Gharavi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Eden
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Richman
- Histopathology Department, Hemel Hempstead General Hospital, Hemel Hempstead, UK
| | - Lia S Campos
- West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Blandina Theophil Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre & Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Centre Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Fazel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - James McKay
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Perdomo
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Estelle Chanudet
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Laura Humphreys
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Moores Cancer Centre, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Henry DS, Merrell LK, Blackstone SR, Collazo-Vargas E, Mohl C, Tolerico M, Singley L, Moody S. Does Perpetrator Occupation Affect Classification of Sexual Assault? J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP10255-NP10275. [PMID: 31486341 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519873331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Classification of sexual assault varies based on the characteristics of the victim, perpetrator, and event. However, most studies focus on the individual characteristics of participants asked to classify the assault, the victims' characteristics, or the event; few have examined variations in the perpetrator. Therefore, this study examined whether the occupation of the perpetrator affected the classification of the event as sexual assault. Participants included a primarily White female sample of undergraduate students (n = 401) at a south-Atlantic university. They completed a paper-and-pencil survey containing an ambiguous sexual assault encounter where the occupation of the perpetrator (athlete, reporter, college student, or politician) was randomly varied. Participants were asked to classify whether the encounter was sexual assault and what an appropriate punishment might be. Additional measures included the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMA) and questions about personal experience with sexual assault. Overall, most participants labeled the encounter as sexual assault, indicating that college students are aware of the legal parameters for providing consent. However, this classification occurred differentially based on the occupation of the perpetrator. Participants were most likely to label the athlete as committing sexual assault, followed by the college student, politician, and reporter, respectively. Females and those who reject rape myths were more likely to label the scenario as sexual assault. A "personal apology" and a "sexual rehabilitation program" were the most common punishments selected for the perpetrator. These findings highlight potential concerns and the need for additional training when college students adjudicate sexual assault reports and determine appropriate consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Moody
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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11
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De Briyne N, Holmes D, Sandler I, Stiles E, Szymanski D, Moody S, Neumann S, Anadón A. Cannabis, Cannabidiol Oils and Tetrahydrocannabinol-What Do Veterinarians Need to Know? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030892. [PMID: 33804793 PMCID: PMC8003882 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As cannabis-derived products have become more available, veterinarians are seeing more cases of toxicosis. In addition, animal owners are having an increasing interest in using these products for their pets. This review looks at the situation in Europe and North America, the different types of cannabis and cannabis-derived products with historical examples of use in animals, and the cannabis industry. The existing regulatory framework for use in humans and animals as medicines and/or supplements was examined. Finally, a review of the clinical indications for which medicinal cannabis is authorised, a discussion of toxicosis, and recommendations and warnings around medical cannabis use are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy De Briyne
- Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE), 1040 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Danny Holmes
- Holmes St Anthony’s Veterinary Hospital, St Anthonys, Caherslee, V92 V6YK Tralee, Ireland;
| | - Ian Sandler
- Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA), Ottawa, ON K1R 7K1, Canada; (I.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Enid Stiles
- Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA), Ottawa, ON K1R 7K1, Canada; (I.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Dharati Szymanski
- American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA;
| | - Sarah Moody
- Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE), 1040 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Stephan Neumann
- Companion Animal Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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12
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Hölzl-Armstrong L, Moody S, Kucab JE, Zwart EP, Bellamri M, Luijten M, Turesky RJ, Stratton MR, Arlt VM, Phillips DH. Mutagenicity of 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP) in human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111855. [PMID: 33189884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a possible human carcinogen formed in cooked fish and meat. PhIP is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP), a genotoxic metabolite that reacts with DNA leading to the mutation-prone DNA adduct N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-PhIP (dG-C8-PhIP). Here, we studied N-OH-PhIP-induced whole genome mutagenesis in human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts (HUFs) immortalised and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). In addition, mutagenicity of N-OH-PhIP in TP53 and the lacZ reporter gene were assessed. TP53 mutant frequency in HUF cultures treated with N-OH-PhIP (2.5 μM for 24 h, n = 90) was 10% while no TP53 mutations were found in untreated controls (DMSO for 24 h, n = 6). All N-OH-PhIP-induced TP53 mutations occurred at G:C base pairs with G > T/C > A transversions accounting for 58% of them. TP53 mutations characteristic of those induced by N-OH-PhIP have been found in human tumours including breast and colorectal, which are cancer types that have been associated with PhIP exposure. LacZ mutant frequency increased 25-fold at 5 μM N-OH-PHIP and up to ~350 dG-C8-PhIP adducts/108 nucleosides were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation multistage scan mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS3) at this concentration. In addition, a WGS mutational signature defined by G > T/C > A transversions was present in N-OH-PhIP-treated immortalised clones, which showed similarity to COSMIC SBS4, 18 and 29 signatures found in human tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hölzl-Armstrong
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jill E Kucab
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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13
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Hölzl-Armstrong L, Kucab JE, Moody S, Zwart EP, Loutkotová L, Duffy V, Luijten M, Gamboa da Costa G, Stratton MR, Phillips DH, Arlt VM. Mutagenicity of acrylamide and glycidamide in human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4173-4196. [PMID: 32886187 PMCID: PMC7655573 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a suspected human carcinogen formed during high-temperature cooking of starch-rich foods. It is metabolised by cytochrome P450 2E1 to its reactive metabolite glycidamide, which forms pre-mutagenic DNA adducts. Using the human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts (HUFs) immortalisation assay (HIMA), acrylamide- and glycidamide-induced mutagenesis was studied in the tumour suppressor gene TP53. Selected immortalised HUF clones were also subjected to next-generation sequencing to determine mutations across the whole genome. The TP53-mutant frequency after glycidamide exposure (1.1 mM for 24 h, n = 198) was 9% compared with 0% in cultures treated with acrylamide [1.5 (n = 24) or 3 mM (n = 6) for 48 h] and untreated vehicle (water) controls (n = 36). Most glycidamide-induced mutations occurred at adenines with A > T/T > A and A > G/T > C mutations being the most common types. Mutations induced by glycidamide occurred at specific TP53 codons that have also been found to be mutated in human tumours (i.e., breast, ovary, colorectal, and lung) previously associated with acrylamide exposure. The spectrum of TP53 mutations was further reflected by the mutations detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and a distinct WGS mutational signature was found in HUF clones treated with glycidamide that was again characterised by A > G/T > C and A > T/T > A mutations. The WGS mutational signature showed similarities with COSMIC mutational signatures SBS3 and 25 previously found in human tumours (e.g., breast and ovary), while the adenine component was similar to COSMIC SBS4 found mostly in smokers’ lung cancer. In contrast, in acrylamide-treated HUF clones, only culture-related background WGS mutational signatures were observed. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that glycidamide may be involved in the development of breast, ovarian, and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hölzl-Armstrong
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Jill E Kucab
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie Loutkotová
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.,Covance Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, 84124, USA
| | - Veronica Duffy
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Gonçalo Gamboa da Costa
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK. .,Toxicology Department, GAB Consulting GmbH, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Moore L, Leongamornlert D, Coorens THH, Sanders MA, Ellis P, Dentro SC, Dawson KJ, Butler T, Rahbari R, Mitchell TJ, Maura F, Nangalia J, Tarpey PS, Brunner SF, Lee-Six H, Hooks Y, Moody S, Mahbubani KT, Jimenez-Linan M, Brosens JJ, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Martincorena I, Saeb-Parsy K, Campbell PJ, Stratton MR. The mutational landscape of normal human endometrial epithelium. Nature 2020; 580:640-646. [PMID: 32350471 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All normal somatic cells are thought to acquire mutations, but understanding of the rates, patterns, causes and consequences of somatic mutations in normal cells is limited. The uterine endometrium adopts multiple physiological states over a lifetime and is lined by a gland-forming epithelium1,2. Here, using whole-genome sequencing, we show that normal human endometrial glands are clonal cell populations with total mutation burdens that increase at about 29 base substitutions per year and that are many-fold lower than those of endometrial cancers. Normal endometrial glands frequently carry 'driver' mutations in cancer genes, the burden of which increases with age and decreases with parity. Cell clones with drivers often originate during the first decades of life and subsequently progressively colonize the epithelial lining of the endometrium. Our results show that mutational landscapes differ markedly between normal tissues-perhaps shaped by differences in their structure and physiology-and indicate that the procession of neoplastic change that leads to endometrial cancer is initiated early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Moore
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim H H Coorens
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ellis
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Inivata Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan C Dentro
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin J Dawson
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Butler
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raheleh Rahbari
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas J Mitchell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Maura
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick S Tarpey
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon F Brunner
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Lee-Six
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvette Hooks
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mercedes Jimenez-Linan
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Tommy's National Miscarriage Research Centre, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Moody S, Thompson JS, Chuang SS, Liu H, Raderer M, Vassiliou G, Wlodarska I, Wu F, Cogliatti S, Robson A, Ashton-Key M, Bi Y, Goodlad J, Du MQ. Novel GPR34 and CCR6 mutation and distinct genetic profiles in MALT lymphomas of different sites. Haematologica 2018; 103:1329-1336. [PMID: 29674500 PMCID: PMC6068028 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.191601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma originates from a background of diverse chronic inflammatory disorders at various anatomic sites. The genetics underlying its development, particularly in those associated with autoimmune disorders, is poorly characterized. By whole exome sequencing of 21 cases of MALT lymphomas of the salivary gland and thyroid, we have identified recurrent somatic mutations in 2 G-protein coupled receptors (GPR34 and CCR6) not previously reported in human malignancies, 3 genes (PIK3CD, TET2, TNFRSF14) not previously implicated in MALT lymphoma, and a further 2 genes (TBL1XR1, NOTCH1) recently described in MALT lymphoma. The majority of mutations in GPR34 and CCR6 were nonsense and frameshift changes clustered in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, and would result in truncated proteins that lack the phosphorylation motif important for β-arrestin-mediated receptor desensitization and internalization. Screening of these newly identified mutations, together with previously defined genetic changes, revealed distinct mutation profiles in MALT lymphoma of various sites, with those of salivary gland characterized by frequent TBL1XR1 and GPR34 mutations, thyroid by frequent TET2, TNFRSF14 and PIK3CD mutations, and ocular adnexa by frequent TNFAIP3 mutation. Interestingly, in MALT lymphoma of the salivary gland, there was a significant positive association between TBL1XR1 mutation and GPR34 mutation/translocation (P=0.0002). In those of ocular adnexa, TBL1XR1 mutation was mutually exclusive from TNFAIP3 mutation (P=0.049), but significantly associated with IGHV3-23 usage (P=0.03) and PIK3CD mutation (P=0.009). These findings unravel novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of MALT lymphoma and provide further evidence for potential oncogenic co-operation between receptor signaling and genetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moody
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Sneath Thompson
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hongxiang Liu
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Markus Raderer
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - George Vassiliou
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Fangtian Wu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alistair Robson
- Department of Dermatopathology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, UK
| | - Yingwen Bi
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - John Goodlad
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian University Hospitals Trust, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Cripe L, Colan S, Eliopoulos H, Moody S, Mendell J. Effects of long-term treatment with eteplirsen on cardiac function. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moody S, Escudero-Ibarz L, Wang M, Clipson A, Ochoa Ruiz E, Dunn-Walters D, Xue X, Zeng N, Robson A, Chuang SS, Cogliatti S, Liu H, Goodlad J, Ashton-Key M, Raderer M, Bi Y, Du MQ. Significant association between TNFAIP3
inactivation and biased immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region 4-34 usage in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. J Pathol 2017; 243:3-8. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moody
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Leire Escudero-Ibarz
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Ming Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Alexandra Clipson
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Eguzkine Ochoa Ruiz
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Deborah Dunn-Walters
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease; King's College London Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine; London UK
| | - Xuemin Xue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Alistair Robson
- Department of Dermatopathology; St John's Institute of Dermatology; London UK
| | | | - Sergio Cogliatti
- Institute of Pathology; State Hospital St Gallen; St Gallen Switzerland
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
| | - John Goodlad
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital; NHS Lothian University Hospitals Trust; Edinburgh UK
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Trust; Southampton UK
| | - Markus Raderer
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Yingwen Bi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Cambridge UK
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Wang M, Escudero-Ibarz L, Moody S, Zeng N, Clipson A, Huang Y, Xue X, Grigoropoulos NF, Barrans S, Worrillow L, Forshew T, Su J, Firth A, Martin H, Jack A, Brugger K, Du MQ. Somatic Mutation Screening Using Archival Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by Fluidigm Multiplex PCR and Illumina Sequencing. J Mol Diagn 2015; 17:521-32. [PMID: 26165823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput somatic mutation screening using FFPE tissues is a major challenge because of a lack of established methods and validated variant calling algorithms. We aimed to develop a targeted sequencing protocol by Fluidigm multiplex PCR and Illumina sequencing and to establish a companion variant calling algorithm. The experimental protocol and variant calling algorithm were first developed and optimized against a series of somatic mutations (147 substitutions, 12 indels ranging from 1 to 33 bp) in seven genes, previously detected by Sanger sequencing of DNA from 163 FFPE lymphoma biopsy specimens. The optimized experimental protocol and variant calling algorithm were further ascertained in two separate experiments by including the seven genes as a part of larger gene panels (22 or 13 genes) using FFPE and high-molecular-weight lymphoma DNAs, respectively. We found that most false-positive variants were due to DNA degradation, deamination, and Taq polymerase errors, but they were nonreproducible and could be efficiently eliminated by duplicate experiments. A small fraction of false-positive variants appeared in duplicate, but they were at low alternative allele frequencies and could be separated from mutations when appropriate threshold value was used. In conclusion, we established a robust practical approach for high-throughput mutation screening using archival FFPE tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leire Escudero-Ibarz
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Moody
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Clipson
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanxue Huang
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xuemin Xue
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas F Grigoropoulos
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Worrillow
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Forshew
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Su
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Firth
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Martin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jack
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Brugger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Moody S, Goh H, Bielanowicz A, Rippon P, Loveland KL, Itman C. Prepubertal mouse testis growth and maturation and androgen production are acutely sensitive to di-n-butyl phthalate. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3460-75. [PMID: 23766129 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are plasticizers with widespread industrial, domestic, and medical applications. Epidemiological data indicating increased incidence of testicular dysgenesis in boys exposed to phthalates in utero are reinforced by studies demonstrating that phthalates impair fetal rodent testis development. Because humans are exposed to phthalates continuously from gestation through adulthood, it is imperative to understand what threat phthalates pose at other life stages. To determine the impact during prepuberty, we assessed the consequences of oral administration of 1 to 500 mg di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)/kg/d in corn oil to wild-type (C57BL/6J) male mice from 4 to 14 days of age. Dose-dependent effects on testis growth correlated with reduced Sertoli cell proliferation. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses identified delayed spermatogenesis and impaired Sertoli cell maturation after exposure to 10 to 500 mg DBP/kg/d. Interference with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis was indicated in mice fed 500 mg DBP/kg/d, which had elevated circulating inhibin but no change in serum FSH. Increased immunohistochemical staining for inhibin-α was apparent at doses of 10 to 500 mg DBP/kg/d. Serum testosterone and testicular androgen activity were lower in the 500 mg DBP/kg/d group; however, reduced anogenital distance in all DBP-treated mice suggested impaired androgen action at earlier time points. Long-term effects were evident, with smaller anogenital distance and indications of disrupted spermatogenesis in adult mice exposed prepubertally to doses from 1 mg DBP/kg/d. These data demonstrate the acute sensitivity of the prepubertal mouse testis to DBP at doses 50- to 500-fold lower than those used in rat and identify the upregulation of inhibin as a potential mechanism of DBP action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moody
- Department of Anatomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Yan Q, Wang M, Moody S, Xue X, Huang Y, Bi Y, Du MQ. Distinct involvement of NF-κB regulators by somatic mutation in ocular adnexal malt lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2012; 160:851-4. [PMID: 23240725 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Andrewes D, Andrewes D, Matthews J, Moody S, Parker M, Purchase J, Rood J, Taylor J. Practical barriers to accessing cancer care. J Geriatr Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2012.10.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Malikie D, Moody S, Warren B. Effect Of Variable Numbers Of Repetitions On Peak Torque In Isokinetic Testing Of The Knee Extensors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000354731.90639.aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Warren BL, Moody S, Malikie D. Effect Of Variable Repetitions On Peak Torque In Male And Female Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000355931.21331.a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lesmes-Anel J, Robinson G, Moody S. Learning preferences and learning styles: a study of Wessex general practice registrars. Br J Gen Pract 2001; 51:559-64. [PMID: 11462316 PMCID: PMC1314048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experienced trainers know that individual registrars react very differently to identical learning experiences generated during the year in practice. This divergence reflects differences in registrars' learning styles. Only one study of United Kingdom (UK) general practitioners' learning styles has been undertaken. Learning style theory predicts that matching learning preference with learning style will enhance learning. This paper researches for the first time the evidence in the setting of UK general practice. AIM To determine, for the general practice registrars within the Wessex Region, the nature of their learning preferences and learning styles and correlations between them. DESIGN OF STUDY A descriptive confidential postal questionnaire survey. SETTING Fifty-seven registrars identified in the Wessex Region with a minimum experience of six months in general practice. METHOD The questionnaire gathered demographic data (sex, age, experience in general practice, years post-registration, and postgraduate qualifications). Learning preferences were elicited using a six-point Likert scale for learning experiences. The Honey and Mumford Learning Style Questionnaire (LSQ) elicited the registrars' learning styles. A second questionnaire was sent to non-responders. RESULTS The response rate was 74%. Registrars report that interactive learning with feedback is preferred, but more passive learning formats remain valued. A wide range of learning style scores was found. The Honey and Mumford LSQ mean scores fell within the reflector-theorist quadrant. Evidence for correlations between learning preferences and learning styles was also found, in particular for the multiple choice question and audit components of summative assessment. CONCLUSION A wide range of registrar learning styles exists in Wessex, and initial correlations are described between learning preferences and learning styles as predicted by style theory. This work sets the stage for a shared understanding and use of learning style theory to enhance professional learning throughout a GP's career. More research is needed in this domain.
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Chang JT, Esumi N, Moore K, Li Y, Zhang S, Chew C, Goodman B, Rattner A, Moody S, Stetten G, Campochiaro PA, Zack DJ. Cloning and characterization of a secreted frizzled-related protein that is expressed by the retinal pigment epithelium. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:575-83. [PMID: 10072424 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.4.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/frizzled cell signaling pathway has been implicated in the determination of polarity in a number of systems, including the Drosophila retina. The vertebrate retina develops from an undifferentiated neuroepithelium into an organized and laminated structure that demonstrates a high degree of polarity at both the tissue and cellular levels. In the process of searching for molecules that are preferentially expressed by the vertebrate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), we identified secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), a member of the SFRP family that appears to act by modulating Wnt signal transduction. SFRP5 is highly expressed by RPE cells, and is also expressed in the pancreas. Within the retina, the related molecule SFRP2 is expressed specifically by cells of the inner nuclear layer. Thus, photoreceptors are likely to be bathed by two opposing gradients of SFRP molecules. Consistent with SFRP5 's postulated role in modulating Wnt signaling in the retina, it inhibits the ability of Xwnt-8 mRNA to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. The human SFRP5 gene consists of three coding exons and it maps to chromosome 10q24.1; human SFRP2 maps to 4q31.3. Based on the biology and complementary expression patterns of SFRP2 and SFRP5, we suggest that they may be involved in determining the polarity of photoreceptor, and perhaps other, cells in the retina.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Body Patterning
- Cattle
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryonic Development
- Exons
- Eye Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Introns
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Microinjections
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pigment Epithelium of Eye/metabolism
- Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage
- Retina/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Wnt Proteins
- Xenopus
- Xenopus Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Chang
- The Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-9289, USA
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Moody S, Becker S, Nuchamowitz Y, Mirelman D. Identification of significant variation in the composition of lipophosphoglycan-like molecules of E. histolytica and E. dispar. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1998; 45:9S-12S. [PMID: 9561777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lipophosphoglycan-like (LPG-like) molecules of E. histolytica virulent strains are clearly distinct from those of the avirulent E. histolytica and E. dispar strains. Abundant 'LPG' levels are apparently limited to virulent strains, while lipophosphopeptidoglycans ('LPPG's) are common to both virulent and avirulent strains of E. histolytica and E. dispar. It is therefore conceivable that 'LPPG' performs a function that is essential to survival within the host, while the 'LPG' performs a more specific function related to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moody
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Moody S, Becker S, Nuchamowitz Y, Mirelman D. Virulent and avirulent Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar differ in their cell surface phosphorylated glycolipids. Parasitology 1997; 114 ( Pt 2):95-104. [PMID: 9051918 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182096008396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Virulent strains of Entamoeba histolytica have been reported to produce a mixture of phosphoglycoconjugates that share some structural features with the lipophosphoglycans (LPGs) of Leishmania. Purification of these glycoconjugates is essential to their precise structural characterization. In this study we have extracted 'LPG-like' molecules from various virulent E. histolytica strains and purified on the basis of charge differences, 2 apparently related glycoconjugates a 'LPG' and a 'lipophosphopeptidoglycan (LPPG)'. In marked contrast to the abundance of these 'LPG' and 'LPPG' molecules in the virulent strains, avirulent E. histolytica and E. dispar strains produce either very low, or no detectable levels of LPG, and either low levels or modified forms of 'LPPG'. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies prepared against that 'LPG' of the virulent strain HM-1:1MSS c16 identified epitopes shared between both the 'LPG' and the 'LPPG' of this and other virulent strains, using Western blot analysis. Flow cytometric analysis of a range of strains using these antibodies identified a surface distribution of these molecules and confirmed a correlation between surface exposure of epitopes bound by these antibodies and parasite virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moody
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Moody S, Becker S, Nuchamowitz Y, McConville MJ, Mirelman D. The lipophosphoglycan-like molecules of virulent and avirulent E. histolytica as well as of E. dispar differ in both composition and abundance. Arch Med Res 1997; 28 Spec No:98-102. [PMID: 9033029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Moody
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
Copper serves as the cofactor for a number of important enzymes in cartilage, as well as in other tissues, including lysyl oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and cytochrome oxidase. Ceruloplasmin is responsible for the transport of approx. 95% of the copper in serum, but the mechanisms for intracellular copper transport are unknown. We have demonstrated recently that a high-molecular-weight cartilage glycoprotein, referred to as CMGP, has regions of sequence homology with ceruloplasmin. CMGP also binds copper and has at least some oxidase activity similar to that of ceruloplasmin. Other tissues synthesize intracellular ceruloplasmin-like proteins. The present report represents part of an effort to examine the hypothesis that CMGP is a copper transport protein in chondrocytes and to characterize the enzymatic activities of CMGP. These studies demonstrate that CMGP is the principal chondrocyte protein labeled by 67Cu in vitro and that the label is localized to the mitochondria, cytosol, and membrane fractions of sucrose gradients, suggesting copper transport through the cell. In parallel experiments, [3H]leucine was incorporated into proteins corresponding to the subunits and fragments of CMGP, as described previously, and in a similar distribution among the subcellular fractions as labeled copper. Additionally, CMGP has oxidase and ferroxidase activities similar to those of ceruloplasmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Fife
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5103
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Abstract
We report a retrospective study of 59 patients for whom our university hospital nursing service had required the use of lay sitters because of the need for constant observation. Of 54 charts examined, 28 noted a need for psychiatric consultation, mostly because of delirious states. Quality of care deficits discerned included (1) inadequate pharmacotherapy of alcoholic and nonalcoholic delirium, (2) inadequate search for treatable causes of delirium (thyroid, B12, and folate deficiencies), (3) insufficient awareness of persistent cognitive deficits, which influence the patient's ability to care for himself or give informed consent. The knowledge and skills deficits we found are not unique to this hospital and reflect the failure of most graduate programs to reinforce basic psychiatric teaching. The quality of care issues indicate that more serious consideration should be given to providing necessary psychiatric training.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock
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Burkholder T, Chambers M, Hotmire K, Wurster RD, Moody S, Randall WC. Gross and microscopic anatomy of the vagal innervation of the rat heart. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1992; 232:444-52. [PMID: 1543268 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092320313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiac ganglia and their vagal innervation are described from gross and microscopic dissections and functional studies in the anesthetized, open-chest, adult rat. Dissecting microscope sketches of the ventral and dorsal aspects of the rat heart provide gross descriptions of the anatomical course of the vagal cardiac nerves. Histological sectioning of adipose tissue packets surrounding the terminal endings of vagal branches distributed to the roots of the great cardiac vessels (aorta, pulmonary artery, precaval veins) revealed clusters of autonomic ganglia. These packets or "fat pads" were located: (1) along the dorsal surface of the right precava and extending medially toward the aortic root, (2) deep to the aortic arch, (3) in the angle between the root of the left precava and the pulmonary artery on the superior-dorsal surface of the left atrium, and (4) in the rostro-dorsal interatrial septum. Vagal distributions of small terminal branches were traced to each of these pads, which contained numerous autonomic ganglia. Electrical excitation of right or left cervical vagus elicited varying degrees of sinus slowing, slowing of A-V conduction, and suppression in atrial contractile force. Very small quantities (0.5 mg in 10 microliters saline) of the ganglionic blocking agent, hexamethonium (C6) were injected selectively into a single fat pad, followed by repetition of right or left vagal stimulation, with careful analysis of changes in heart rate (paced and unpaced), A-V conduction, and contractile force.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Burkholder
- Biology Department, Taylor University, Upland, Indiana 46989
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Abstract
The purpose of the study was to design treatment programmes for various types of reading disorder in such a way as to allow a valid evaluation of their efficacy, i.e. in a way which allows specific treatment effects to be distinguished from non-specific treatment effects (e.g., the effects of attention from a helpful person), and from changes unrelated to treatment (e.g. spontaneous recovery). In particular, the intention was to investigate whether specific forms of therapeutic intervention help specific forms of disorder. Studies on five patients with different patterns of reading difficulty showed that specific treatment programmes were responsible for significant improvement in the patients' reading performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moody
- Psychology Department, Birkbeck College, London
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Tolkin JB, MacAdam C, Moody S, Wood BP. Radiological case of the month. Extralobar pulmonary sequestration. Am J Dis Child 1987; 141:1223-4. [PMID: 3314476 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460110093032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J B Tolkin
- Department of Pediatrics, North York General Hospital, Willowdale, Ontario
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Moody S, Dalme FC. Alternative sites for service, education, and research. ANA Publ 1986:6-11. [PMID: 3636091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cooper PR, Moody S, Sklar F. Chronic monitoring of intracranial pressure using an in vivo calibrating sensor: experience in patients with pseudotumor cerebri. Neurosurgery 1979; 5:666-70. [PMID: 534074 DOI: 10.1227/00006123-197912000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of reliable methods are available for the short term monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP). However, the danger of infection and the need for external connections make the use of these methods for extended periods inappropriate. Most previously described devices for chronic monitoring of ICP are of limited value because of uncertain drift from zero-point readings. The Hittman-Meyer ICP sensor approaches the ideal for a long term monitoring device. It is fully implantable and is accurate over a wide range of pressures and for extended periods. It is designed so that in vivo calibration may be performed in a noninvasive fashion. We report the use of this device in eight patients with pseudomotor cerebri. It has functioned accurately for periods ranging up to 14 months after implantation and has proven to be a valuable aid in the management of these patients. (Neurosurgery, 5: 666-670, 1979).
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Abstract
Serial (two or three) computerized tomographic (CT) scans were performed on a series of 58 patients with severe head injury. The protocol called for scans to be done upon admission and on Days 3 and 7 after injury. New lesions (i.e., lesions not visualized on the initial CT scans but appearing on subsequent scans) were a frequent finding, occurring in over half of all patients. For the purposes of this study a new lesion was classified as edema involving two or more lobes, extra-axial hematoma, parenchymal hemorrhage, or infarction. Significant correlation was found between good outcome and the absence of new lesions and between bad outcome and the development of new lesions (p less than 0.001). Several patients did well in spite of the development of new lesions, but these patients were unique in that most had small, unilateral parenchymal hematomas located at or near the frontal or temporal poles. In most cases, patients who did poorly in spite of not developing new lesions had severe injuried visualized on their initial scans (massive intracerebral hematoma, hemorrhage of the corpus callosum) or succumbed to medical complications. The pertinent literature is reviewed, and other CT findings associated with a poor prognosis are noted. The authors suggest that serial CT scanning may be used to make prognostic assessments in severely head-injured patients and may be of value in increasing the confidence in and accuracy of assessments made on clinical grounds alone. (Neurosurgery, 5: 566--569, 1979).
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Cooper PR, Moody S, Clark WK, Kirkpatrick J, Maravilla K, Gould AL, Drane W. Dexamethasone and severe head injury. A prospective double-blind study. J Neurosurg 1979; 51:307-16. [PMID: 381599 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1979.51.3.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A prospective double-blind study of the effects of dexamethasone administration on the outcome of patients with severe head injuries was performed. Patients were stratified for severity of neurological injury and were treated with placebo, low-dose dexamethasone (16 mg/day), or high-dose dexamethasone (96 mg/day) for a period of 6 days. Outcome was evaluated at 6 months following injury. Of the 76 patients available for analysis, a good outcome was achieved in 37% of placebo-treated patients, 44% of low-dose-treated patients, and 29% of high-dose-treated patients. These differences are not statistically significant. Similarly dexamethasone administration had no statistically significant effect on intracranial pressure patterns or serial neurological examinations during hospitalization. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in only one patient. Good outcome was associated with age under 10 years, lighter depth of coma on admission, and the preservation of brain-stem reflexes upon admission. A recalculation of data in previous clinical series purporting to show an improvement in outcome as a result of corticosteroid therapy shows no significant difference in outcome when steroid- and placebo-treated patients are compared. In our series, 90% of all deaths were caused by recurrent intracranial hematomas, medical complications, or diffuse brain injuries with parenchymal hemorrhage and tissue disruption -- causes of death which cannot be affected by corticosteroid therapy. The study suggests that dexamethasone in either high or low dosages has no significant effect on morbidity and mortality following severe head injury.
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Abstract
The rational management of patients with head injury calls for the closest cooperation between the radiologist and neurosurgeon. Until the last three to four years, cerebral angiography had been considered the diagnostic procedure of choice for the management of patients with suspected traumatically induced intracranial mass lesions. Experience with CT scanning now indicates that for a number of reasons this procedure is to be preferred in the diagnosis of head injuries. It is more rapid than angiography, routinely visualizes the entire brain, is noninvasive, resolves lesions that are much smaller than any visualized by angiography and defines the density and thus the nature of traumatic lesions in a manner not possible with previously employed techniques. Using CT scanning in a sequential fashion we have routinely been able to visualize the appearance of new lesions in the post-traumatic period and have as well, been able to develop insights into the temporal appearance and disappearance of white matter edema as measured by Hounsfield numbers. In the late post-traumatic period, it has been valuable in defining hydrocephalus, porencephaly and other post-traumatic lesions that have a significant bearing on both therapy and prognosis.
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