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Fan Y, Scafaro AP, Asao S, Furbank RT, Agostino A, Day DA, von Caemmerer S, Danila FR, Rug M, Webb D, Lee J, Atkin OK. Dark respiration rates are not determined by differences in mitochondrial capacity, abundance and ultrastructure in C 4 leaves. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:1257-1269. [PMID: 35048399 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the regulation of respiration in C4 plants, where mitochondria play different roles in the different types of C4 photosynthetic pathway, remains limited. We examined how leaf dark respiration rates (Rdark ), in the presence and absence of added malate, vary in monocots representing the three classical biochemical types of C4 photosynthesis (NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PCK) using intact leaves and extracted bundle sheath strands. In particular, we explored to what extent rates of Rdark are associated with mitochondrial number, volume and ultrastructure. Based on examination of a single species per C4 type, we found that the respiratory response of NAD-ME and PCK type bundle sheath strands to added malate was associated with differences in mitochondrial number, volume, and/or ultrastructure, while NADP-ME type bundle sheath strands did not respond to malate addition. In general, mitochondrial traits reflected the contributions mitochondria make to photosynthesis in the three C4 types. However, despite the obvious differences in mitochondrial traits, no clear correlation was observed between these traits and Rdark . We suggest that Rdark is primarily driven by cellular maintenance demands and not mitochondrial composition per se, in a manner that is somewhat independent of mitochondrial organic acid cycling in the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Fan
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew P Scafaro
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Antony Agostino
- Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David A Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Florence R Danila
- Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Melanie Rug
- Centre for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Daryl Webb
- Centre for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Centre for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Fan Y, Asao S, Furbank RT, von Caemmerer S, Day DA, Tcherkez G, Sage TL, Sage RF, Atkin OK. The crucial roles of mitochondria in supporting C 4 photosynthesis. New Phytol 2022; 233:1083-1096. [PMID: 34669188 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis involves a series of biochemical and anatomical traits that significantly improve plant productivity under conditions that reduce the efficiency of C3 photosynthesis. We explore how evolution of the three classical biochemical types of C4 photosynthesis (NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PCK types) has affected the functions and properties of mitochondria. Mitochondria in C4 NAD-ME and PCK types play a direct role in decarboxylation of metabolites for C4 photosynthesis. Mitochondria in C4 PCK type also provide ATP for C4 metabolism, although this role for ATP provision is not seen in NAD-ME type. Such involvement has increased mitochondrial abundance/size and associated enzymatic capacity, led to changes in mitochondrial location and ultrastructure, and altered the role of mitochondria in cellular carbon metabolism in the NAD-ME and PCK types. By contrast, these changes in mitochondrial properties are absent in the C4 NADP-ME type and C3 leaves, where mitochondria play no direct role in photosynthesis. From an eco-physiological perspective, rates of leaf respiration in darkness vary considerably among C4 species but does not differ systematically among the three C4 types. This review outlines further mitochondrial research in key areas central to the engineering of the C4 pathway into C3 plants and to the understanding of variation in rates of C4 dark respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Fan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shinichi Asao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David A Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA and University of Angers, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Tammy L Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Tanaka H, Asao S, Shibutani Y. Auxetic vibration behaviours of periodic tetrahedral units with a shared edge. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:210768. [PMID: 34703621 PMCID: PMC8527201 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A very low-frequency mode supported within an auxetic structure is presented. We propose a constrained periodic framework with corner-to-corner and edge-to-edge sharing of tetrahedra and develop a kinematic model incorporating two types of linear springs to calculate the momentum term under infinitesimal transformations. The modal analysis shows that the microstructure with its two degrees of freedom has both low- and high-frequency modes under auxetic transformations. The low-frequency mode approaches zero frequency when the corresponding spring constant tends to zero. With regard to coupled eigenmodes, the stress-strain relationship of the uniaxial forced vibration covers a wide range. When excited, a very slow motion is clearly observed along with a structural expansion for almost zero values of the linear elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Tanaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S. Asao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Shibutani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Nanotechnology Program, VNU Vietnam Japan University, Luu Huu Phuoc Street, My Dinh 1 Ward, Nam Tu Liem District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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Zhu L, Bloomfield KJ, Asao S, Tjoelker MG, Egerton JJG, Hayes L, Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Griffin KL, Hurry V, Liddell M, Meir P, Turnbull MH, Atkin OK. Acclimation of leaf respiration temperature responses across thermally contrasting biomes. New Phytol 2021; 229:1312-1325. [PMID: 32931621 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term temperature response curves of leaf dark respiration (R-T) provide insights into a critical process that influences plant net carbon exchange. This includes how respiratory traits acclimate to sustained changes in the environment. Our study analysed 860 high-resolution R-T (10-70°C range) curves for: (a) 62 evergreen species measured in two contrasting seasons across several field sites/biomes; and (b) 21 species (subset of those sampled in the field) grown in glasshouses at 20°C : 15°C, 25°C : 20°C and 30°C : 25°C, day : night. In the field, across all sites/seasons, variations in R25 (measured at 25°C) and the leaf T where R reached its maximum (Tmax ) were explained by growth T (mean air-T of 30-d before measurement), solar irradiance and vapour pressure deficit, with growth T having the strongest influence. R25 decreased and Tmax increased with rising growth T across all sites and seasons with the single exception of winter at the cool-temperate rainforest site where irradiance was low. The glasshouse study confirmed that R25 and Tmax thermally acclimated. Collectively, the results suggest: (1) thermal acclimation of leaf R is common in most biomes; and (2) the high T threshold of respiration dynamically adjusts upward when plants are challenged with warmer and hotter climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Shinichi Asao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 116, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Danielle Creek
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- INRAE Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 84, Sweden
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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5
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Rashid FAA, Scafaro AP, Asao S, Fenske R, Dewar RC, Masle J, Taylor NL, Atkin OK. Diel- and temperature-driven variation of leaf dark respiration rates and metabolite levels in rice. New Phytol 2020; 228:56-69. [PMID: 32415853 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaf respiration in the dark (Rdark ) is often measured at a single time during the day, with hot-acclimation lowering Rdark at a common measuring temperature. However, it is unclear whether the diel cycle influences the extent of thermal acclimation of Rdark , or how temperature and time of day interact to influence respiratory metabolites. To examine these issues, we grew rice under 25°C : 20°C, 30°C : 25°C and 40°C : 35°C day : night cycles, measuring Rdark and changes in metabolites at five time points spanning a single 24-h period. Rdark differed among the treatments and with time of day. However, there was no significant interaction between time and growth temperature, indicating that the diel cycle does not alter thermal acclimation of Rdark . Amino acids were highly responsive to the diel cycle and growth temperature, and many were negatively correlated with carbohydrates and with organic acids of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Organic TCA intermediates were significantly altered by the diel cycle irrespective of growth temperature, which we attributed to light-dependent regulatory control of TCA enzyme activities. Collectively, our study shows that environmental disruption of the balance between respiratory substrate supply and demand is corrected for by shifts in TCA-dependent metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Azzahra Ahmad Rashid
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Andrew P Scafaro
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ricarda Fenske
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Roderick C Dewar
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josette Masle
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Asao S, Hayes L, Aspinwall MJ, Rymer PD, Blackman C, Bryant CJ, Cullerne D, Egerton JJG, Fan Y, Innes P, Millar AH, Tucker J, Shah S, Wright IJ, Yvon-Durocher G, Tissue D, Atkin OK. Leaf trait variation is similar among genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis from differing climates and arises in plastic responses to the seasons rather than water availability. New Phytol 2020; 227:780-793. [PMID: 32255508 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We used a widely distributed tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. camaldulensis to partition intraspecific variation in leaf functional traits to genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity. We examined if genotypic variation is related to the climate of genotype provenance and whether phenotypic plasticity maintains performance in a changing environment. Ten genotypes from different climates were grown in a common garden under watering treatments reproducing the wettest and driest edges of the subspecies' distribution. We measured functional traits reflecting leaf metabolism and associated with growth (respiration rate, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and leaf mass per area) and performance proxies (aboveground biomass and growth rate) each season over a year. Genotypic variation contributed substantially to the variation in aboveground biomass but much less in growth rate and leaf traits. Phenotypic plasticity was a large source of the variation in leaf traits and performance proxies and was greater among sampling dates than between watering treatments. The variation in leaf traits was weakly correlated to performance proxies, and both were unrelated to the climate of genotype provenance. Intraspecific variation in leaf traits arises similarly among genotypes in response to seasonal environmental variation, instead of long-term water availability or climate of genotype provenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Asao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Paul D Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Chris Blackman
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Callum J Bryant
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Darren Cullerne
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Peter Innes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Josephine Tucker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shahen Shah
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Hamato S, Yamakawa M, Chung YM, Asao S. Numerical Computation for a Flow Caused by a High-Speed Traveling Train and a Stationary Overpass. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2020. [PMCID: PMC7302834 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50417-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yamakawa M, Chikaguchi S, Asao S, Hamato S. Multi Axes Sliding Mesh Approach for Compressible Viscous Flows. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2020. [PMCID: PMC7304722 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50436-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To compute flows around a body with a rotating or movable part like a tiltrotor aircraft, the multi axes sliding mesh approach has been proposed. This approach is based on the unstructured moving grid finite volume method, which has adopted the space-time unified domain for control volume. Thus, it can accurately express such a moving mesh. However, due to the difficulty of mesh control in viscous flows and the need to maintain the stability of computation, it is restricted to only inviscid flows. In this paper, the multi axes sliding mesh approach was extended to viscous flows to understand detailed flow phenomena around a complicated moving body. The strategies to solve several issues not present in inviscid flow computations are described. To show the validity of the approach in viscous flows, it was applied to the flow field of a sphere in uniform flow. Multiple domains that slide individually were placed around the sphere, and it was confirmed that the sliding mesh did not affect the flow field. The usability of the approach is expected to be applied to practical viscous flow computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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O'Leary BM, Asao S, Millar AH, Atkin OK. Core principles which explain variation in respiration across biological scales. New Phytol 2019; 222:670-686. [PMID: 30394553 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 670 I. Introduction 671 II. Principle 1 - Plant respiration performs three distinct functions 673 III. Principle 2 - Metabolic pathway flexibility underlies plant respiratory performance 676 IV. Principle 3 - Supply and demand interact over time to set plant respiration rate 677 V. Principle 4 - Plant respiratory acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities 679 VI. Principle 5 - Respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies 680 VII. Future directions 680 Acknowledgements 682 References 682 SUMMARY: Respiration is a core biological process that has important implications for the biochemistry, physiology, and ecology of plants. The study of plant respiration is thus conducted from several different perspectives by a range of scientific disciplines with dissimilar objectives, such as metabolic engineering, crop breeding, and climate-change modelling. One aspect in common among the different objectives is a need to understand and quantify the variation in respiration across scales of biological organization. The central tenet of this review is that different perspectives on respiration can complement each other when connected. To better accommodate interdisciplinary thinking, we identify distinct mechanisms which encompass the variation in respiratory rates and functions across biological scales. The relevance of these mechanisms towards variation in plant respiration are explained in the context of five core principles: (1) respiration performs three distinct functions; (2) metabolic pathway flexibility underlies respiratory performance; (3) supply and demand interact over time to set respiration rates; (4) acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities; and (5) respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies. We argue that each perspective on respiration rests on these principles to varying degrees and that broader appreciation of how respiratory variation occurs can unite research across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M O'Leary
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Asao
- USDA UV‐B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - William J. Parton
- USDA UV‐B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Maosi Chen
- USDA UV‐B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Wei Gao
- USDA UV‐B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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12
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De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Walker AP, Zaehle S, Asao S, Guenet B, Harper AB, Hickler T, Jain AK, Luo Y, Lu X, Luus K, Parton WJ, Shu S, Wang YP, Werner C, Xia J, Pendall E, Morgan JA, Ryan EM, Carrillo Y, Dijkstra FA, Zelikova TJ, Norby RJ. Challenging terrestrial biosphere models with data from the long-term multifactor Prairie Heating and CO 2 Enrichment experiment. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:3623-3645. [PMID: 28145053 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multifactor experiments are often advocated as important for advancing terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), yet to date, such models have only been tested against single-factor experiments. We applied 10 TBMs to the multifactor Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment in Wyoming, USA. Our goals were to investigate how multifactor experiments can be used to constrain models and to identify a road map for model improvement. We found models performed poorly in ambient conditions; there was a wide spread in simulated above-ground net primary productivity (range: 31-390 g C m-2 yr-1 ). Comparison with data highlighted model failures particularly with respect to carbon allocation, phenology, and the impact of water stress on phenology. Performance against the observations from single-factors treatments was also relatively poor. In addition, similar responses were predicted for different reasons across models: there were large differences among models in sensitivity to water stress and, among the N cycle models, N availability during the experiment. Models were also unable to capture observed treatment effects on phenology: they overestimated the effect of warming on leaf onset and did not allow CO2 -induced water savings to extend the growing season length. Observed interactive (CO2 × warming) treatment effects were subtle and contingent on water stress, phenology, and species composition. As the models did not correctly represent these processes under ambient and single-factor conditions, little extra information was gained by comparing model predictions against interactive responses. We outline a series of key areas in which this and future experiments could be used to improve model predictions of grassland responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anna B Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Thomas Hickler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography, Geosciences, Goethe-University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 South Gregory Street, Urbana, IL, 61801-3070, USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xingjie Lu
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Private Bag #1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Kristina Luus
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - William J Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Shijie Shu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 South Gregory Street, Urbana, IL, 61801-3070, USA
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Private Bag #1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Christian Werner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jack A Morgan
- Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Edmund M Ryan
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Feike A Dijkstra
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tamara J Zelikova
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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Ryan EM, Ogle K, Peltier D, Walker AP, De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Williams DG, Parton W, Asao S, Guenet B, Harper AB, Lu X, Luus KA, Zaehle S, Shu S, Werner C, Xia J, Pendall E. Gross primary production responses to warming, elevated CO 2 , and irrigation: quantifying the drivers of ecosystem physiology in a semiarid grassland. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:3092-3106. [PMID: 27992952 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether the terrestrial biosphere will be a source or sink of carbon (C) under a future climate of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) and warming requires accurate quantification of gross primary production (GPP), the largest flux of C in the global C cycle. We evaluated 6 years (2007-2012) of flux-derived GPP data from the Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment, situated in a grassland in Wyoming, USA. The GPP data were used to calibrate a light response model whose basic formulation has been successfully used in a variety of ecosystems. The model was extended by modeling maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax ) and light-use efficiency (Q) as functions of soil water, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, vegetation greenness, and nitrogen at current and antecedent (past) timescales. The model fits the observed GPP well (R2 = 0.79), which was confirmed by other model performance checks that compared different variants of the model (e.g. with and without antecedent effects). Stimulation of cumulative 6-year GPP by warming (29%, P = 0.02) and eCO2 (26%, P = 0.07) was primarily driven by enhanced C uptake during spring (129%, P = 0.001) and fall (124%, P = 0.001), respectively, which was consistent across years. Antecedent air temperature (Tairant ) and vapor pressure deficit (VPDant ) effects on Amax (over the past 3-4 days and 1-3 days, respectively) were the most significant predictors of temporal variability in GPP among most treatments. The importance of VPDant suggests that atmospheric drought is important for predicting GPP under current and future climate; we highlight the need for experimental studies to identify the mechanisms underlying such antecedent effects. Finally, posterior estimates of cumulative GPP under control and eCO2 treatments were tested as a benchmark against 12 terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). The narrow uncertainties of these data-driven GPP estimates suggest that they could be useful semi-independent data streams for validating TBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiona Ogle
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Drew Peltier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - William Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anna B Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Xingjie Lu
- CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, PBM #1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Kristina A Luus
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Shijie Shu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 South Gregory Street, Urbana, IL, 61801-3070, USA
| | - Christian Werner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Chen M, Parton WJ, Adair EC, Asao S, Hartman MD, Gao W. Simulation of the effects of photodecay on long‐term litter decay using DayCent. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maosi Chen
- United States Department of Agriculture UV‐B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA
| | - William J. Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - E. Carol Adair
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- United States Department of Agriculture UV‐B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Melannie D. Hartman
- United States Department of Agriculture UV‐B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Wei Gao
- United States Department of Agriculture UV‐B Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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15
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Quentin AG, Pinkard EA, Ryan MG, Tissue DT, Baggett LS, Adams HD, Maillard P, Marchand J, Landhäusser SM, Lacointe A, Gibon Y, Anderegg WRL, Asao S, Atkin OK, Bonhomme M, Claye C, Chow PS, Clément-Vidal A, Davies NW, Dickman LT, Dumbur R, Ellsworth DS, Falk K, Galiano L, Grünzweig JM, Hartmann H, Hoch G, Hood S, Jones JE, Koike T, Kuhlmann I, Lloret F, Maestro M, Mansfield SD, Martínez-Vilalta J, Maucourt M, McDowell NG, Moing A, Muller B, Nebauer SG, Niinemets Ü, Palacio S, Piper F, Raveh E, Richter A, Rolland G, Rosas T, Saint Joanis B, Sala A, Smith RA, Sterck F, Stinziano JR, Tobias M, Unda F, Watanabe M, Way DA, Weerasinghe LK, Wild B, Wiley E, Woodruff DR. Non-structural carbohydrates in woody plants compared among laboratories. Tree Physiol 2015; 35:1146-1165. [PMID: 26423132 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plant tissue are frequently quantified to make inferences about plant responses to environmental conditions. Laboratories publishing estimates of NSC of woody plants use many different methods to evaluate NSC. We asked whether NSC estimates in the recent literature could be quantitatively compared among studies. We also asked whether any differences among laboratories were related to the extraction and quantification methods used to determine starch and sugar concentrations. These questions were addressed by sending sub-samples collected from five woody plant tissues, which varied in NSC content and chemical composition, to 29 laboratories. Each laboratory analyzed the samples with their laboratory-specific protocols, based on recent publications, to determine concentrations of soluble sugars, starch and their sum, total NSC. Laboratory estimates differed substantially for all samples. For example, estimates for Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EGL) varied from 23 to 116 (mean = 56) mg g(-1) for soluble sugars, 6-533 (mean = 94) mg g(-1) for starch and 53-649 (mean = 153) mg g(-1) for total NSC. Mixed model analysis of variance showed that much of the variability among laboratories was unrelated to the categories we used for extraction and quantification methods (method category R(2) = 0.05-0.12 for soluble sugars, 0.10-0.33 for starch and 0.01-0.09 for total NSC). For EGL, the difference between the highest and lowest least squares means for categories in the mixed model analysis was 33 mg g(-1) for total NSC, compared with the range of laboratory estimates of 596 mg g(-1). Laboratories were reasonably consistent in their ranks of estimates among tissues for starch (r = 0.41-0.91), but less so for total NSC (r = 0.45-0.84) and soluble sugars (r = 0.11-0.83). Our results show that NSC estimates for woody plant tissues cannot be compared among laboratories. The relative changes in NSC between treatments measured within a laboratory may be comparable within and between laboratories, especially for starch. To obtain comparable NSC estimates, we suggest that users can either adopt the reference method given in this publication, or report estimates for a portion of samples using the reference method, and report estimates for a standard reference material. Researchers interested in NSC estimates should work to identify and adopt standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey G Quentin
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 12, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | | | - Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, USA USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - L Scott Baggett
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Pascale Maillard
- INRA, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Jacqueline Marchand
- INRA, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Plateforme Technique d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle (OC 081) Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Simon M Landhäusser
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - André Lacointe
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Bordeaux University, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - William R L Anderegg
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08540, USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Marc Bonhomme
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Claye
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Private Bag 98, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Pak S Chow
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | | | - Noel W Davies
- Central Science Laboratory, Private Bag 74, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - L Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Rita Dumbur
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Kristen Falk
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lucía Galiano
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Institute of Hydrology, Freiburg University, Fahnenbergplatz, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - José M Grünzweig
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Hood
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula MT-59812, USA
| | - Joanna E Jones
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Private Bag 98, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Iris Kuhlmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melchor Maestro
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria s/n, 22700 Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mickael Maucourt
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Université Bordeaux, UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathan G McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Bordeaux University, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Plant Production Department, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de vera s.n. 46022-Valencia, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria s/n, 22700 Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Frida Piper
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Simpson 471, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Eran Raveh
- Department of Fruit Trees Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, A.R.O., Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev 85289, Israel
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Teresa Rosas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brigitte Saint Joanis
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula MT-59812, USA
| | - Renee A Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Postbox 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Mari Tobias
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Birgit Wild
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 5A, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erin Wiley
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - David R Woodruff
- USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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16
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Asao S, Ryan MG. Carbohydrate regulation of photosynthesis and respiration from branch girdling in four species of wet tropical rain forest trees. Tree Physiol 2015; 35:608-620. [PMID: 25870320 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
How trees sense source-sink carbon balance remains unclear. One potential mechanism is a feedback from non-structural carbohydrates regulating photosynthesis and removing excess as waste respiration when the balance of photosynthesis against growth and metabolic activity changes. We tested this carbohydrate regulation of photosynthesis and respiration using branch girdling in four tree species in a wet tropical rainforest in Costa Rica. Because girdling severs phloem to stop carbohydrate export while leaving xylem intact to allow photosynthesis, we expected carbohydrates to accumulate in leaves to simulate a carbon imbalance. We varied girdling intensity by removing phloem in increments of one-quarter of the circumference (zero, one--quarter, half, three-quarters, full) and surrounded a target branch with fully girdled ones to create a gradient in leaf carbohydrate content. Light saturated photosynthesis rate was measured in situ, and foliar respiration rate and leaf carbohydrate content were measured after destructive harvest at the end of the treatment. Girdling intensity created no consistent or strong responses in leaf carbohydrates. Glucose and fructose slightly increased in all species by 3.4% per one-quarter girdle, total carbon content and leaf mass per area increased only in one species by 5.4 and 5.5% per one-quarter girdle, and starch did not change. Only full girdling lowered photosynthesis in three of four species by 59-69%, but the decrease in photosynthesis was unrelated to the increase in glucose and fructose content. Girdling did not affect respiration. The results suggest that leaf carbohydrate content remains relatively constant under carbon imbalance, and any changes are unlikely to regulate photosynthesis or respiration. Because girdling also stops the export of hormones and reactive oxygen species, girdling may induce physiological changes unrelated to carbohydrate accumulation and may not be an effective method to study carbohydrate feedback in leaves. In three species, removal of three-quarters of phloem area did not cause leaf carbohydrates to accumulate nor did it change photosynthesis or respiration, suggesting that phloem transport is flexible and transport rate per unit phloem can rapidly increase under an increase in carbohydrate supply relative to phloem area. Leaf carbohydrate content thus may be decoupled from whole plant carbon balance by phloem transport in some species, and carbohydrate regulation of photosynthesis and respiration may not be as common in trees as previous girdling studies suggest. Further studies in carbohydrate regulation should avoid using girdling as girdling can decrease photosynthesis through unintended means without the tested mechanisms of accumulating leaf carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Asao
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, USA Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA
| | - Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA Emeritus, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Street, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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17
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Asao S, Bedoya-Arrieta R, Ryan MG. Variation in foliar respiration and wood CO2 efflux rates among species and canopy layers in a wet tropical forest. Tree Physiol 2015; 35:148-159. [PMID: 25597756 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As tropical forests respond to environmental change, autotrophic respiration may consume a greater proportion of carbon fixed in photosynthesis at the expense of growth, potentially turning the forests into a carbon source. Predicting such a response requires that we measure and place autotrophic respiration in a complete carbon budget, but extrapolating measurements of autotrophic respiration from chambers to ecosystem remains a challenge. High plant species diversity and complex canopy structure may cause respiration rates to vary and measurements that do not account for this complexity may introduce bias in extrapolation more detrimental than uncertainty. Using experimental plantations of four native tree species with two canopy layers, we examined whether species and canopy layers vary in foliar respiration and wood CO2 efflux and whether the variation relates to commonly used scalars of mass, nitrogen (N), photosynthetic capacity and wood size. Foliar respiration rate varied threefold between canopy layers, ∼0.74 μmol m(-2) s(-1) in the overstory and ∼0.25 μmol m(-2) s(-1) in the understory, but little among species. Leaf mass per area, N and photosynthetic capacity explained some of the variation, but height explained more. Chamber measurements of foliar respiration thus can be extrapolated to the canopy with rates and leaf area specific to each canopy layer or height class. If area-based rates are sampled across canopy layers, the area-based rate may be regressed against leaf mass per area to derive the slope (per mass rate) to extrapolate to the canopy using the total leaf mass. Wood CO2 efflux varied 1.0-1.6 μmol m(-2) s(-1) for overstory trees and 0.6-0.9 μmol m(-2) s(-1) for understory species. The variation in wood CO2 efflux rate was mostly related to wood size, and little to species, canopy layer or height. Mean wood CO2 efflux rate per surface area, derived by regressing CO2 efflux per mass against the ratio of surface area to mass, can be extrapolated to the stand using total wood surface area. The temperature response of foliar respiration was similar for three of the four species, and wood CO2 efflux was similar between wet and dry seasons. For these species and this forest, vertical sampling may yield more accurate estimates than would temporal sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Asao
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, USA Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA
| | - Ricardo Bedoya-Arrieta
- La Selva Biological Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica
| | - Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA Emeritus, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Street, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Zaehle S, Walker AP, Dietze MC, Wang YP, Luo Y, Jain AK, El-Masri B, Hickler T, Wårlind D, Weng E, Parton WJ, Thornton PE, Wang S, Prentice IC, Asao S, Smith B, McCarthy HR, Iversen CM, Hanson PJ, Warren JM, Oren R, Norby RJ. Where does the carbon go? A model-data intercomparison of vegetation carbon allocation and turnover processes at two temperate forest free-air CO2 enrichment sites. New Phytol 2014; 203:883-99. [PMID: 24844873 PMCID: PMC4260117 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) has the potential to increase vegetation carbon storage if increased net primary production causes increased long-lived biomass. Model predictions of eCO2 effects on vegetation carbon storage depend on how allocation and turnover processes are represented. We used data from two temperate forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments to evaluate representations of allocation and turnover in 11 ecosystem models. Observed eCO2 effects on allocation were dynamic. Allocation schemes based on functional relationships among biomass fractions that vary with resource availability were best able to capture the general features of the observations. Allocation schemes based on constant fractions or resource limitations performed less well, with some models having unintended outcomes. Few models represent turnover processes mechanistically and there was wide variation in predictions of tissue lifespan. Consequently, models did not perform well at predicting eCO2 effects on vegetation carbon storage. Our recommendations to reduce uncertainty include: use of allocation schemes constrained by biomass fractions; careful testing of allocation schemes; and synthesis of allocation and turnover data in terms of model parameters. Data from intensively studied ecosystem manipulation experiments are invaluable for constraining models and we recommend that such experiments should attempt to fully quantify carbon, water and nutrient budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 89523, USA
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Fuse H, Ishigami T, Mino Y, Kagawa Y, Asao S, Matsuyama H. Coordinated Numerical Simulation of Porous Membrane Formation by the Phase Field Method and Particulate-Laden Flow. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.40.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Fuse
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
| | - Toru Ishigami
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
| | - Yasushi Mino
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
| | - Yusuke Kagawa
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Industrial Technology
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University
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Cheng W, Parton WJ, Gonzalez-Meler MA, Phillips R, Asao S, McNickle GG, Brzostek E, Jastrow JD. Synthesis and modeling perspectives of rhizosphere priming. New Phytol 2014; 201:31-44. [PMID: 23952258 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) is a mechanism by which plants interact with soil functions. The large impact of the RPE on soil organic matter decomposition rates (from 50% reduction to 380% increase) warrants similar attention to that being paid to climatic controls on ecosystem functions. Furthermore, global increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration and surface temperature can significantly alter the RPE. Our analysis using a game theoretic model suggests that the RPE may have resulted from an evolutionarily stable mutualistic association between plants and rhizosphere microbes. Through model simulations based on microbial physiology, we demonstrate that a shift in microbial metabolic response to different substrate inputs from plants is a plausible mechanism leading to positive or negative RPEs. In a case study of the Duke Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment, performance of the PhotoCent model was significantly improved by including an RPE-induced 40% increase in soil organic matter decomposition rate for the elevated CO2 treatment--demonstrating the value of incorporating the RPE into future ecosystem models. Overall, the RPE is emerging as a crucial mechanism in terrestrial ecosystems, which awaits substantial research and model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Cheng
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - William J Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Miquel A Gonzalez-Meler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Richard Phillips
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Gordon G McNickle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Edward Brzostek
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Julie D Jastrow
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
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Ishigami T, Fuse H, Asao S, Saeki D, Ohmukai Y, Kamio E, Matsuyama H. Permeation of Dispersed Particles through a Pore and Transmembrane Pressure Behavior in Dead-End Constant-Flux Microfiltration by Two-Dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302448x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ishigami
- Center for Membrane and Film
Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501,
Japan
| | - Hiromi Fuse
- Center for Membrane and Film
Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501,
Japan
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, 1-27-1 Amagasaki,
Hyogo 661-0047, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saeki
- Center for Membrane and Film
Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501,
Japan
| | - Yoshikage Ohmukai
- Center for Membrane and Film
Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501,
Japan
| | - Eiji Kamio
- Center for Membrane and Film
Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501,
Japan
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Center for Membrane and Film
Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501,
Japan
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Rao S, Ushida T, Tateishi T, Okazaki Y, Asao S. Effect of Ti, Al, and V ions on the relative growth rate of fibroblasts (L929) and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) cells. Biomed Mater Eng 1996. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-1996-6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rao
- National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T. Ushida
- National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T. Tateishi
- National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, 1-1 Higashi Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y. Okazaki
- Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 1-2 Namiki Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - S. Asao
- Undergraduate Student, Nippon Institute of Technology, 4-1 Gakuendai Miyashiro, Saitama, Japan
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