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Forecasting disease trajectories in critical illness: comparison of probabilistic dynamic systems to static models to predict patient status in the intensive care unit. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079243. [PMID: 38320842 PMCID: PMC10860023 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional prediction models fail to integrate the constantly evolving nature of critical illness. Alternative modelling approaches to study dynamic changes in critical illness progression are needed. We compare static risk prediction models to dynamic probabilistic models in early critical illness. DESIGN We developed models to simulate disease trajectories of critically ill COVID-19 patients across different disease states. Eighty per cent of cases were randomly assigned to a training and 20% of the cases were used as a validation cohort. Conventional risk prediction models were developed to analyse different disease states for critically ill patients for the first 7 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Daily disease state transitions were modelled using a series of multivariable, multinomial logistic regression models. A probabilistic dynamic systems modelling approach was used to predict disease trajectory over the first 7 days of an ICU admission. Forecast accuracy was assessed and simulated patient clinical trajectories were developed through our algorithm. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We retrospectively studied patients admitted to a Cleveland Clinic Healthcare System in Ohio, for the treatment of COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2022. RESULTS 5241 patients were included in the analysis. For ICU days 2-7, the static (conventional) modelling approach, the accuracy of the models steadily decreased as a function of time, with area under the curve (AUC) for each health state below 0.8. But the dynamic forecasting approach improved its ability to predict as a function of time. AUC for the dynamic forecasting approach were all above 0.90 for ICU days 4-7 for all states. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that modelling critical care outcomes as a dynamic system improved the forecasting accuracy of the disease state. Our model accurately identified different disease conditions and trajectories, with a <10% misclassification rate over the first week of critical illness.
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Thromboelastography-Guided Correction of Coagulopathy Before Tunneled Central Venous Access in Critically Ill Patients With Liver Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Study. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e1023. [PMID: 38115819 PMCID: PMC10730036 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Optimal blood product transfusion strategies before tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) placement are required in critically ill coagulopathic patients with liver disease to reduce exposure to allogeneic blood products and mitigate bleeding and thrombotic complications. Objectives This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a thromboelastography-guided transfusion strategy for the correction of coagulopathy in patients with liver disease compared with a conventional transfusion strategy (using international normalized ratio, platelet count, and fibrinogen) before tunneled CVC insertion. Design Setting and Participants A retrospective propensity score-matched single-center cohort study was conducted at a quaternary care academic medical center involving 364 patients with liver disease (cirrhosis and acute liver failure) who underwent tunneled CVC insertion in the ICU. Patients were stratified into two groups based on whether they received blood product transfusions based on a thromboelastography-guided or conventional transfusion strategy. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes that were evaluated included the volume, units and cost of blood products (fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and platelets) when using a thromboelastography-guided or conventional approach to blood transfusions. Secondary outcomes included the frequency of procedure-related bleeding and thrombotic complications. Results The total number of units/volume/cost of fresh frozen plasma (12 U/3,000 mL/$684 vs. 32 U/7,500 mL/$1,824 [p = 0.019]), cryoprecipitate (60 U/1,500 mL/$3,240 vs. 250 U/6,250 mL/$13,500 [p < 0.001]), and platelets (5 U/1,500 mL/$2,610 vs. 13 units/3,900 mL/$6,786 [p = 0.046]) transfused were significantly lower in the thromboelastography-guided transfusion group than in the conventional transfusion group. No differences in the frequency of bleeding/thrombotic events were observed between the two groups. Conclusions and Relevance A thromboelastography-guided transfusion strategy for correction of coagulopathy in critically ill patients with liver disease before tunneled CVC insertion, compared with a conventional transfusion strategy, reduces unnecessary exposure to allogeneic blood products and associated costs without increasing the risk for peri-procedural bleeding and thrombotic complications.
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Genome-wide association study of health and production traits in meat sheep. Animal 2023; 17:100968. [PMID: 37738702 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotypes are currently widely used in animal breeding programmes to enhance the speed of genetic progress. With sufficient data, a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) can be performed to identify informative markers. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic background of health (footrot and mastitis) and production (birth weight, weaning weight, scan weight, and fat and muscle depth) traits using the available phenotypic and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data collected on the UK Texel sheep population. Initially, 10 193 genotypes were subject to quality control, leaving 9 505 genotypes for further analysis. Selected genotypes, recorded on four different Illumina chip types from low density (15 k SNPs) to high density (606 006 SNPs), were imputed to a subset of 45 686 markers from 50 k array, distributed on 27 chromosomes. Phenotypes collected on 32 farms across the UK for footrot and mastitis and extracted from the UK National database (iTexel) for the production traits were used along with pre-estimated variance components to obtain de-regressed breeding values and used to perform GWAS. Results showed three SNPs being significant on the genome-wise level ('OAR8_62240378.1' on chromosome 8 for birth weight, 's14444.1' on chromosome 19 for weaning weight and 's65197.1' on chromosome 23 for scan weight). Fourteen subsequent SNPs were found to be significant at the chromosome-wise level. These SNPs are located within or close to previously reported QTLs impacting on animal health (such as faecal egg count or somatic cell count) and production (such as body or carcass weight and fat amount). These results indicate that the studied traits are highly polygenic with complex genetic architecture.
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A Framework for Developing a Multidisciplinary Approach to Prone Positioning in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Intensive Care Med 2023:8850666231162566. [PMID: 36883212 DOI: 10.1177/08850666231162566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Prone position ventilation (PPV) is one of the few interventions with a proven mortality benefit in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), yet it is underutilized as demonstrated by multiple large observational studies. Significant barriers to its consistent application have been identified and studied. But the complex interplay of a multidisciplinary team makes its consistent application challenging. We present a framework of multidisciplinary collaboration that identifies the appropriate patients for this intervention and discuss our institutional experience applying a multidisciplinary team to implement prone position (PP) leading up to and through the current COVID-19 pandemic. We also highlight the role of such multidisciplinary teams in the effective implementation of prone positioning in ARDS throughout a large health care system. We emphasize the importance of proper selection of patients and provide guidance on how a protocolized approach can be utilized for proper patient selection.
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Neutralizing COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Chest 2022; 162:982-994. [PMID: 35780813 PMCID: PMC9247217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convalescent plasma has been one of the most common treatments for COVID-19, but most clinical trial data to date have not supported its efficacy. RESEARCH QUESTION Is rigorously selected COVID-19 convalescent plasma with neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies an efficacious treatment for adults hospitalized with COVID-19? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This was a multicenter, blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial among adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute respiratory symptoms for < 14 days. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive one unit of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (n = 487) or placebo (n = 473). The primary outcome was clinical status (disease severity) 14 days following study infusion measured with a seven-category ordinal scale ranging from discharged from the hospital with resumption of normal activities (lowest score) to death (highest score). The primary outcome was analyzed with a multivariable ordinal regression model, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) < 1.0 indicating more favorable outcomes with convalescent plasma than with placebo. In secondary analyses, trial participants were stratified according to the presence of endogenous anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies ("serostatus") at randomization. The trial included 13 secondary efficacy outcomes, including 28-day mortality. RESULTS Among 974 randomized patients, 960 were included in the primary analysis. Clinical status on the ordinal outcome scale at 14 days did not differ between the convalescent plasma and placebo groups in the overall population (aOR, 1.04; one-seventh support interval [1/7 SI], 0.82-1.33), in patients without endogenous antibodies (aOR, 1.15; 1/7 SI, 0.74-1.80), or in patients with endogenous antibodies (aOR, 0.96; 1/7 SI, 0.72-1.30). None of the 13 secondary efficacy outcomes were different between groups. At 28 days, 89 of 482 (18.5%) patients in the convalescent plasma group and 80 of 465 (17.2%) patients in the placebo group had died (aOR, 1.04; 1/7 SI, 0.69-1.58). INTERPRETATION Among adults hospitalized with COVID-19, including those seronegative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, treatment with convalescent plasma did not improve clinical outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT04362176; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov.
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TIME FROM HOSPITAL ADMISSION TO ONSET OF SEPTIC SHOCK IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY. Shock 2022; 58:211-216. [PMID: 35959788 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: Several studies have shown septic shock developing later during the hospital stay is associated with higher mortality. However, the precise point at which time from hospital admission to the onset of septic shock (admission-shock-onset-time) becomes an independent prognostic marker of mortality remains unknown. This study evaluated the association between admission-shock-onset-time and in-hospital mortality among patients with septic shock and the optimal cutoff period to categorize early- and late-onset septic shock. Method: We conducted a single-center retrospective, observational cohort study at a quaternary academic hospital comprising adult patients with septic shock admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2011 to December 2020. A multivariable additive logistic regression model was developed to assess if log-transformed admission-shock-onset-time was associated with in-hospital mortality. The thin plate spline function was used to describe the nonlinear relationship between the log-transformed admission-shock-onset-time and in-hospital mortality. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was ICU mortality. Results: Two thousand five hundred twenty patients met the inclusion criteria with an overall in-hospital mortality of 37.3%. The log-transformed admission-shock-onset-time was associated with higher in-hospital and ICU mortality even after adjusting for clinical variables. The odds ratio for in-hospital mortality continued to increase throughout the observation period. The adjusted odds ratio exceeded 2 in between 20.1 and 54.6 h, and it surpassed 3 in between 54.6 and 148.4 h of the time from the hospital admission to shock onset. Conclusion: In-hospital mortality continued to rise as admission-shock-onset-time increased in patients with septic shock. No clear dichotomization between early and late septic shock could be ascertained, and this categorization may limit our understanding of the temporal relationship of shock onset to mortality.
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Animal Board Invited Review: Meta-analysis of genetic parameters for resilience and efficiency traits in goats and sheep. Animal 2022; 16:100456. [PMID: 35190322 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection focused purely on production traits has proven very successful in improving the productive performance of livestock. However, heightened environmental and infectious disease challenges have raised the need to also improve the resilience of animals to such external stressors, as well as their efficiency in utilising available resources. A better understanding of the relationship between efficiency and production and health traits is needed to properly account for it in breeding programmes and to produce animals that can maintain high production performance in a range of environmental conditions with minimal environmental footprint. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of genetic parameters for production, efficiency and health traits in sheep and goats. The dataset comprised 963 estimates of heritability and 572 genetic correlations collated from 162 published studies. A threelevel meta-analysis model was fitted. Pooled heritability estimates for milk production traits ranged between 0.27 ± 0.03 and 0.48 ± 0.13 in dairy goats and between 0.21 ± 0.06 and 0.33 ± 0.07 in dairy sheep. In meat sheep, the heritability of efficiency traits ranged from 0.09 ± 0.02 (prolificacy) up to 0.32 ± 0.14 (residual feed intake). For health traits, pooled heritability was 0.07 ± 0.01 (faecal egg count) and 0.21 ± 0.01 (somatic cell score) in dairy goats and 0.14 ± 0.04 (faecal egg count) and 0.13 ± 0.02 (somatic cell score) in dairy sheep. In meat sheep, the heritability of disease resistance and survival traits ranged between 0.07 ± 0.02 (mastitis) and 0.50 ± 0.10 (breech strike). Pooled estimates of genetic correlations between resilience and efficiency traits in dairy goats were not significantly different from zero with the exception of somatic cell score and fat content (-0.19 ± 0.01). In dairy sheep, only the unfavourable genetic correlation between somatic cell score and protein content (0.12 ± 0.03) was statistically significant. In meat sheep only, the correlations between growth and faecal egg count (-0.28 ± 0.11) as well as between growth and dagginess (-0.33 ± 0.13) were statistically significant and favourable. Results of this meta-analysis provide evidence of genetic antagonism between production and health in dairy sheep and goats. This was not observed in meat sheep where most of the pooled estimates had high standard errors and were non-significant. Based on the obtained results, it seems feasible to simultaneously improve efficiency and health in addition to production by including the different types of traits in the breeding goal. However, a better understanding of potential trade-offs between these traits would be beneficial. Particularly, more studies focused on reproduction and resilience traits linked to the animal's multi-trait response to challenges are required.
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Discovery of hidden pedigree errors combining genomic information with the genomic relationship matrix in Texel sheep. Animal 2022; 16:100468. [PMID: 35190320 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic variants such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and animal pedigree are now used widely in routine genetic evaluations of livestock in many countries. The use of genomic information not only can be used to enhance the accuracy of prediction but also to verify pedigrees for animals that are extensively managed using natural mating and enabling multiple-sire mating groups to be used. By so doing, the rate of genetic gain is enhanced, and any bias associated with incorrect pedigrees is removed. This study used a set of 8 764 sheep genotypes to verify the pedigree based on both the conventional opposing homozygote method as well as a novel method when combined with the inclusion of the genomic relationship matrix (GRM). The genomic relationship coefficients between verified pairs of animals showed on average a relationship of 0.50 with parent, 0.25 with grandparent, 0.13 with great grandparent, 0.50 with full-sibling and 0.27 with half-sibling. Minimum obtained values from these verified pairs were then used as thresholds to determine the pedigree for unverified pairs of animals, to detect potential errors in the pedigree. Using a case study from a population partially genotyped UK sheep, the results from this study illustrate a powerful way to resolve parentage inconsistencies, when combining the conventional 'opposing homozygote' method using genomic information together with GRM for pedigree checking. In this way, previously undetected pedigree errors can be resolved.
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Humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in dialysis patients: Integrating anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-RBD antibody monitoring to manage dialysis centers in pandemic times. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257646. [PMID: 34610031 PMCID: PMC8491898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dialysis patients are both the most likely to benefit from vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 and at the highest risk of not developing an immune response. Data from the medical field are thus mandatory. We report our experience with a BNT162b2-mRNA vaccine in a retrospective analysis of 241 dialysis patients including 193 who underwent anti-Spike-Protein-Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) IgG analysis. We show that a pro-active vaccine campaign is effective in convincing most patients to be vaccinated (95%) and frequently elicits a specific antibody response (94.3% after two doses and 98.4% after three doses). Only immunocompromised Status is associated with lack of seroconversion (OR 7.6 [1.5–38.2], p = 0.02). We also identify factors associated with low response (last quartile; IgG<500AU/mL): immunocompromised status, age, absence of RAAS inhibitors, low lymphocytes count, high C Reactive Protein; and with high response (high quartile; IgG>7000AU/mL): age; previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and active Cancer. From this experience, we propose a strategy integrating anti-spike IgG monitoring to guide revaccination and dialysis center management in pandemic times.
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Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassITON): study protocol for a randomized placebo-control clinical trial evaluating COVID-19 convalescent plasma in hospitalized adults. Trials 2021; 22:221. [PMID: 33743799 PMCID: PMC7980732 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convalescent plasma is being used widely as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma is unclear. METHODS The Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassITON) is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized clinical trial being conducted in the USA to provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma as a treatment for adults hospitalized with symptomatic disease. Adults hospitalized with COVID-19 with respiratory symptoms for less than 14 days are eligible. Enrolled patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to 1 unit (200-399 mL) of COVID-19 convalescent plasma that has demonstrated neutralizing function using a SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus neutralization assay. Study treatments are administered in a blinded fashion and patients are followed for 28 days. The primary outcome is clinical status 14 days after study treatment as measured on a 7-category ordinal scale assessing mortality, respiratory support, and return to normal activities of daily living. Key secondary outcomes include mortality and oxygen-free days. The trial is projected to enroll 1000 patients and is designed to detect an odds ratio ≤ 0.73 for the primary outcome. DISCUSSION This trial will provide the most robust data available to date on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma for the treatment of adults hospitalized with acute moderate to severe COVID-19. These data will be useful to guide the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the current pandemic and for informing decisions about whether developing a standardized infrastructure for collecting and disseminating convalescent plasma to prepare for future viral pandemics is indicated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04362176 . Registered on 24 April 2020.
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Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassITON): study protocol for a randomized placebo-control clinical trial evaluating COVID-19 convalescent plasma in hospitalized adults. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-227796. [PMID: 33688640 PMCID: PMC7941637 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-227796/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Convalescent plasma is being used widely as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma is unclear. Methods: The Pass ive I mmunity T rial for O ur N ation (PassITON), is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized clinical trial being conducted in the United States to provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma as a treatment for adults hospitalized with symptomatic disease. Adults hospitalized with COVID-19 with respiratory symptoms for less than 14 days are eligible. Enrolled patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to 1 unit (200-399 mL) of COVID-19 convalescent plasma that has demonstrated neutralizing function using a SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus neutralization assay. Study treatments are administered in a blinded fashion and patients are followed for 28 days. The primary outcome is clinical status 14 days after study treatment as measured on a 7-category ordinal scale assessing mortality, respiratory support, and return to normal activities of daily living. Key secondary outcomes include mortality and oxygen-free days. The trial is projected to enroll 1000 patients and is designed to detect an odds ratio ≤ 0.73 for the primary outcome. Discussion: This trial will provide the most robust data available to date on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma for the treatment of adults hospitalized with acute moderate to severe COVID-19. These data will be useful to guide the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the current pandemic and for informing decisions about whether developing a standardized infrastructure for collecting and disseminating convalescent plasma to prepare for future viral pandemics is indicated. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04362176. Date of trial registration: April 24, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04362176.
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Towards an in vitro model of the glomerular barrier unit with an innovative bioassembly method. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:240-250. [PMID: 31121032 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of an artificial glomerular unit may be pivotal for renal pathophysiology studies at a multicellular scale. Using a tissue engineering approach, we aimed to reproduce in part the specific glomerular barrier architecture by manufacturing a glomerular microfibre (Mf). METHODS Immortalized human glomerular cell lines of endothelial cells (GEnCs) and podocytes were used. Cells and a three-dimensional (3D) matrix were characterized by immunofluorescence with confocal analysis, Western blot and polymerase chain reaction. Optical and electron microscopy were used to study Mf and cell shapes. We also analysed cell viability and cell metabolism within the 3D construct at 14 days. RESULTS Using the Mf manufacturing method, we repeatedly obtained a cellularized Mf sorting human glomerular cells in 3D. Around a central structure made of collagen I, we obtained an internal layer composed of GEnC, a newly formed glomerular basement membrane rich in α5 collagen IV and an external layer of podocytes. The cell concentration, optimal seeding time and role of physical stresses were modulated to obtain the Mf. Cell viability and expression of specific proteins (nephrin, synaptopodin, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and von Willebrandt factor (vWF)) were maintained for 19 days in the Mf system. Mf ultrastructure, observed with EM, had similarities with the human glomerular barrier. CONCLUSION In summary, with our 3D bio-engineered glomerular fibre, GEnC and podocytes produced a glomerular basement membrane. In the future, this glomerular Mf will allow us to study cell interactions in a 3D system and increase our knowledge of glomerular pathophysiology.
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C5b9 Deposition in Glomerular Capillaries Is Associated With Poor Kidney Allograft Survival in Antibody-Mediated Rejection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:235. [PMID: 30906289 PMCID: PMC6418012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries (PTC) reflects complement activation in antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) of kidney allograft. However, its association with allograft survival is controversial. We hypothesized that capillary deposition of C5b9-indicative of complement-mediated injury-is a severity marker of ABMR. This pilot study aimed to determine the frequency, location and prognostic impact of these deposits in ABMR. We retrospectively selected patients diagnosed with ABMR in two French transplantation centers from January 2005 to December 2014 and performed C4d and C5b9 staining by immunohistochemistry. Fifty-four patients were included. Median follow-up was 52.5 (34.25-73.5) months. Thirteen patients (24%) had C5b9 deposits along glomerular capillaries (GC). Among these, seven (54%) had a global and diffuse staining pattern. Twelve of the C5b9+ patients also had deposition of C4d in GC and PTC. C4d deposits along GC and PTC were not associated with death-censored allograft survival (p = 0.42 and 0.69, respectively). However, death-censored allograft survival was significantly lower in patients with global and diffuse deposition of C5b9 in GC than those with a segmental pattern or no deposition (median survival after ABMR diagnosis, 6 months, 40.5 months and 44 months, respectively; p = 0.015). Double contour of glomerular basement membrane was diagnosed earlier after transplantation in C5b9+ ABMR than in C5b9- ABMR (median time after transplantation, 28 vs. 85 months; p = 0.058). In conclusion, we identified a new pattern of C5b9+ ABMR, associated with early onset of glomerular basement membrane duplication and poor allograft survival. Complement inhibitors might be a therapeutic option for this subgroup of patients.
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The Case | A patient with acute tetraparesis. Kidney Int 2018; 94:1243-1244. [PMID: 30466572 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Genome-wide association identifies methane production level relation to genetic control of digestive tract development in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15164. [PMID: 30310168 PMCID: PMC6181922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The global temperatures are increasing. This increase is partly due to methane (CH4) production from ruminants, including dairy cattle. Recent studies on dairy cattle have revealed the existence of a heritable variation in CH4 production that enables mitigation strategies based on selective breeding. We have exploited the available heritable variation to study the genetic architecture of CH4 production and detected genomic regions affecting CH4 production. Although the detected regions explained only a small proportion of the heritable variance, we showed that potential QTL regions affecting CH4 production were located within QTLs related to feed efficiency, milk-related traits, body size and health status. Five candidate genes were found: CYP51A1 on BTA 4, PPP1R16B on BTA 13, and NTHL1, TSC2, and PKD1 on BTA 25. These candidate genes were involved in a number of metabolic processes that are possibly related to CH4 production. One of the most promising candidate genes (PKD1) was related to the development of the digestive tract. The results indicate that CH4 production is a highly polygenic trait.
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Fabrication d’un réseau glomérulaire microvascularisé : néoformation d’une membrane basale glomérulaire. Nephrol Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Heritability of methane emissions from dairy cows over a lactation measured on commercial farms. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:4813-4819. [PMID: 29293701 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane emission is currently an important trait in studies on ruminants due to its environmental and economic impact. Recent studies were based on short-time measurements on individual cows. As methane emission is a longitudinal trait, it is important to investigate its changes over a full lactation. In this study, we aimed to estimate the heritability of the estimated methane emissions from dairy cows using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy during milking in an automated milking system by implementing the random regression method. The methane measurements were taken on 485 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows at 2 commercial farms located in western Poland. The overall daily estimated methane emission was 279 g/d. Genetic variance fluctuated over the course of lactation around the average level of 1,509 (g/d), with the highest level, 1,866 (g/d), at the end of the lactation. The permanent environment variance values started at 2,865 (g/d) and then dropped to around 846 (g/d) at 100 d in milk (DIM) to reach the level of 2,444 (g/d) at the end of lactation. The residual variance was estimated at 2,620 (g/d). The average repeatability was 0.25. The heritability level fluctuated over the course of lactation, starting at 0.23 (SE 0.12) and then increasing to its maximum value of 0.3 (SE 0.08) at 212 DIM and ending at the level of 0.27 (SE 0.12). Average heritability was 0.27 (average SE 0.09). We have shown that estimated methane emission is a heritable trait and that the heritability level changes over the course of lactation. The observed changes and low genetic correlations between distant DIM suggest that it may be important to consider the period in which methane phenotypes are collected.
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HLA haplotypes in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients of admixed and non-European ancestry. HLA 2017; 90:228-233. [PMID: 28695657 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is strongly associated with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes. Due to extensive linkage disequilibrium and multiple polymorphic candidate genes in the HLA complex, identifying the alleles responsible for these associations has proven difficult. We aimed to evaluate whether studying populations of admixed or non-European descent could help in defining the causative HLA alleles. When assessing haplotypes carrying HLA-DRB1*13:01 (hypothesized to specifically increase the susceptibility to chronic cholangitis), we observed that every haplotype in the Scandinavian PSC population carried HLA-DQB1*06:03. In contrast, only 65% of HLA-DRB1*13:01 haplotypes in an admixed/non-European PSC population carried this allele, suggesting that further assessments of the PSC-associated haplotype HLA-DRB1*13:01-DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03 in admixed or multi-ethnic populations could aid in identifying the causative allele.
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MP052PERFUSED GLOMERULAR MICROVASCULAR UNIT. A GLOMERULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODEL. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Long-Term Clinical Outcome in Renal Transplant Patients: A Validation Study. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:528-533. [PMID: 27483393 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are designed to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the association with a clinical phenotype. A previous GWAS performed in 300 renal transplant recipients identified two SNPs (rs3811321 and rs6565887) associated with serum creatinine and clinical outcome. We sought to validate these findings. Genotyping of the two SNPs was performed using Taqman assays in 1638 Caucasians participating in the Assessment of LEscol in Renal Transplant (ALERT) study. Primary endpoint was death-censored graft loss, and secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Applying Cox regression, no crude association to graft loss was found for rs3811321 on chromosome 14 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% CI 0.59-1.29, p = 0.50) or rs6565887 on chromosome 18 (HR 0.88, CI 0.62-1.25, p = 0.48). Multivariable adjustments did not change results, nor did evaluation of the number of risk alleles formed by the two SNPs. No association with mortality was detected. In conclusion, an impact of two SNPs on chromosomes 14 and 18 on death-censored graft survival or all-cause mortality was not confirmed. Our results emphasize the importance of validating findings from high-throughput genetics studies and call for large collaborative research initiatives in the field of transplantation outcomes.
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Genetic parameters of linear conformation type traits and their relationship with milk yield throughout lactation in mixed-breed dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5516-5525. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Estimation of genomic breeding values for milk yield in UK dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:8201-8. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rates of inbreeding and genetic adaptation for populations managed as herds in zoos with a rotational mating system or with optimized contribution of parents. J Anim Breed Genet 2015; 133:323-32. [PMID: 26423022 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study compares two genetic management scenarios for species kept in herds, such as deer. The simulations were designed so that their results can be extended to a wide range of zoo populations. In the first scenario, the simulated populations of size 3 × 20, 6 × 40 or 20 × 60 (herds × animals in herd) were managed with a rotational mating (RM) scheme in which 10%, 20% or 50% of males were selected for breeding and moved between herds in a circular fashion. The second scenario was based on optimal contribution theory (OC). OC requires an accurate pedigree to calculate kinship; males were selected and assigned numbers of offspring to minimize kinship in the next generation. RM was efficient in restriction of inbreeding and produced results comparable with OC. However, RM can result in genetic adaptation of the population to the zoo environment, in particular when 20% or less males are selected for rotation and selection of animals is not random. Lowest rates of inbreeding were obtained by combining OC with rotation of males as in the RM scheme. RM is easy to implement in practice and does not require pedigree data. When full pedigree is available, OC management is preferable.
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Abstract
Abstract. Pedigree and molecular data were used to evaluate genetic diversity in the Polish populations of the Polish primitive horse (also known as Polish Konik) and Hucul breeds over the time period of 30 years (1980–2011). Based on genotypes in 12 microsatellite loci (for 3865 Polish primitive horses and 1627 Huculs), as well as on pedigree data derived from over 7000 individuals (both breeds), several indices describing structure of the analysed populations were estimated. For both analysed breeds, we observed an increasing trend of inbreeding since 1980 which seems to be much more stable (oscillating around 10 % in the Polish primitive horse and 5 % in Hucul) since the beginning of 2000s when they were included in conservation programs in Poland. We observed that generally, indices related to genetic diversity are higher in the Hucul breed. Our study indicated that genetic diversity in the Polish primitive horse and Hucul breeds in Poland is still relatively high and conservation programs should be continued to keep it on the "safe" level in the future.
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Estimation of genetic parameters for milk yield across lactations in mixed-breed dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2455-61. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Short‐Term Storage and Swim‐Up Selection Do Not Affect the X/Y Ratio in Equine Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 49:52-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Genetic analysis of milk urea nitrogen and relationships with yield and fertility across lactation. J Dairy Sci 2012; 94:5665-72. [PMID: 22032390 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to investigate the relationship of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) with 3 milk production traits [milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY)] and 6 fertility measures (number of inseminations, calving interval, interval from calving to first insemination, interval from calving to last insemination, interval from first to last insemination, and pregnancy at first insemination). Data consisted of 635,289 test-day records of MY, FY, PY, and MUN on 76,959 first-lactation Swedish Holstein cows calving from 2001 to 2003, and corresponding lactation records for the fertility traits. Yields and MUN were analyzed with a random regression model followed by a multi-trait model in which the lactation was broken into 10 monthly periods. Heritability for MUN was stable across lactation (between 0.16 and 0.18), whereas MY, FY, and PY had low heritability at the beginning of lactation, which increased with time and stabilized after 100 d in milk, at 0.47, 0.36, and 0.44, respectively. Fertility traits had low heritabilities (0.02 to 0.05). Phenotypic correlations of MUN and milk production traits were between 0.13 (beginning of lactation) and 0.00 (end of lactation). Genetic correlations of MUN and MY, FY, and PY followed similar trends and were positive (0.22) at the beginning and negative (-0.15) at the end of lactation. Phenotypic correlations of MUN and fertility were close to zero. A surprising result was that genetic correlations of MUN and fertility traits suggest a positive relationship between the 2 traits for most of the lactation, indicating that animals with breeding values for increased MUN also had breeding values for improved fertility. This result was obtained with a random regression model as well as with a multi-trait model. The analyzed group of cows had a moderate level of MUN concentration. In such a population MUN concentration may increase slightly due to selection for improved fertility. Conversely, selection for increased MUN concentration may improve fertility slightly.
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Inbreeding rate and genetic structure of cat populations in Poland. J Appl Genet 2010; 52:101-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-010-0018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Expression of p65 gene in experimental colon cancer under the influence of 5-fluorouracil given alone and in combination with hormonal modulation. Neoplasma 2004; 51:319-24. [PMID: 15254665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of tamoxifen (TAM), lanreotide (LAN) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), given separately or together, on p65 gene expression in murine Colon 38 cancer was investigated by RT-PCR method. The findings were compared with cell proliferation determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index, apoptosis visualized by TUNEL method and tumor mass. It was found that in the control group (mice bearing colon cancer without treatment) the expression of p65 gene was present in 57% of investigated samples. In the groups treated with TAM or LAN p65 gene expression was detected in 87.5% and 83.3% of analyzed cases, respectively. Both these substances increased apoptotic index in Colon 38 cancer and LAN also decreased the proliferation index. After a combined treatment with TAM and LAN a percentage of p65 positive cases was similar to that of the control group and equaled approximately 60%. This treatment did not increase proapoptotic effects of these drugs, and even reduced the antiproliferogenic effect of LAN. In the group treated with 5-FU and LAN p65 gene expression was also close to the control value (about 66%). Similarly in this group the combined treatment with these two drugs did not cause any favorable effect on proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, in this group even reduced antiproliferogenic effect of LAN was observed. In the group with 5-FU alone the expression of p65 was present in about 80% of samples. The treatment with 5-FU increased apoptotic index and did not change proliferation. In the group treated with a combination of TAM and 5-FU all analyzed cases showed the presence of p65 gene expression. Previously, we observed in this group the most pronounced and synergistic effect of these substances on the inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor mass reduction. Based on these findings we conclude that p65 gene expression in murine Colon 38 cancer tissues can be modulated via chemotherapy (5-FU) and also via hormonal modulation (TAM and LAN).
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The involvement of angiotensins in the control of prostatic epithelial cell proliferation in the rat. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2002; 39:341-3. [PMID: 11766770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of captopril (the inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme) and of angiotensins II and IV (3-8 fragment of angiotensin II) on cell proliferation of the prostatic epithelium was investigated in the rat. The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into cell nuclei was used as an index of cell proliferation. It was found that the treatment with captopril resulted in the suppression of prostatic epithelial cell proliferation. The antiproliferative effect of captopril was reversed (at least partially) by a simultaneous treatment with either angiotensin II or angiotensin IV. The effects of angiotensins were not blocked by the administration of losartan--AT1 angiotensin receptor blocker. These findings suggest the involvement of angiotensins in the control of prostatic growth, acting via the receptors different from the AT1-subtype (presumably via AT4 receptors).
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Angiotensins II and IV stimulate the rat adrenocortical cell proliferation acting via different receptors. Endocr Regul 2001; 35:139-42. [PMID: 11674842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of angiotensins II (Ang II) and IV (Ang IV,3-8 fragment of angiotensin II) on the adrenocortical cell proliferation have been investigated in the rat. METHODS The male adult Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with saline, captopril or captopril together with either Ang II or Ang IV. A part of animals received additionally losartan - an antagonist of AT1 subtype of angiotensin receptors. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) incorporation into cell nuclei was used as the index of cell proliferation. RESULTS It was found that both Ang II and Ang IV increased the BrDU labeling in the adrenal cortex of captopril-pretreated rats. This effect involved mainly the zona glomerulosa cells. The proliferogenic effect of Ang II was blocked by AT1 receptor antagonist losartan. In contrast, losartan did not block the effect of Ang IV. CONCLUSION Both Ang II and Ang IV stimulate the adrenocortical cell proliferation in the rat, but they act via different receptors - AT1 in the case of Ang II and non-AT1 (probably AT4) in the case of Ang IV.
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Diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with acromegaly. Med Sci Monit 2001; 7:142-7. [PMID: 11208511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of glucose metabolism are a common feature of acromegaly. Overt diabetes mellitus develops in about 10-15% of patients. We present an unusual complication of acromegaly: a 37-year old man with a 2-year history of acromegaly developed diabetic ketoacidosis 3 weeks after transsphenoidal adenomectomy. No specific cause for this sudden metabolic derangement could be demonstrated. Insulin need was very high in the first days after the onset of ketoacidosis, but was considerably reduced after initiation of treatment with octreotide and after successful re-operation.
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Pituitary-adrenocortical responses to the chronic administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in rats. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 102:73-8. [PMID: 10626669 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor, but it may play a role in the regulation of the neuroendocrine system activity. Only few data are available about its possible influence on the pituitary gland. We have recently reported an acute stimulatory effect of G-CSF (and of GM-CSF) on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in rats in vivo. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether chronic administration of G-CSF affects ACTH and corticosterone secretion and growth processes of the rat anterior pituitary gland and adrenal cortex in vivo. We have demonstrated that G-CSF (at a dose of 10.0 microg/kg body weight (BW)) injected s.c. once daily (for 7 days), stimulated both ACTH and corticosterone secretion. Simultaneously, G-CSF treatment did not change the total anterior pituitary cell proliferation as revealed by immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). On the other hand, proliferative activity of corticotrophs, detected in the sections of the anterior pituitary using double-labeling. was significantly increased after treatment with G-CSF. Moreover, this growth factor induced an increase in the proliferation ratio in the entire adrenal equatorial section. These findings suggest an involvement of G-CSF in the regulation of pituitary-adrenal axis and support the hypothesis of bidirectional associations between the immune system and the endocrine glands.
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Abstract
We have studied the in vivo influence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on blood plasma concentration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone in Wistar rats. The administration of 10 micrograms/kg b.w. GM-CSF at 45 (P < 0.01), 90 (P < 0.01) and at 45 (P < 0.001), 90 (P < 0.001) and 180 min (P < 0.001) increased the secretion of ACTH and corticosterone, respectively. Prolonged administration of 10 micrograms/kg b.w. of GM-CSF increased the ACTH (P < 0.001) and corticosterone (P < 0.001) concentration in blood plasma. We have also found that chronic treatment with 10 micrograms/kg b.w. of GM-CSF increased the proliferative activity of corticotrophs (P < 0.05), but it did not significantly change the total cell proliferation in the anterior pituitary gland. Moreover, this cytokine increased cell proliferation of the adrenal cortex (P < 0.001). These experiments suggest that GM-CSF activates the pituitary-adrenal axis and support the hypothesis of bidirectional associations between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.
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The involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of cell proliferation in the rat endometrium. Cell Mol Life Sci 1999; 55:506-10. [PMID: 10228564 DOI: 10.1007/s000180050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogens are known to enhance angiotensin biosynthesis by increasing the elaboration of its precursor, angiotensinogen. On the other hand, we found that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) suppressed the proliferative response of the rat anterior pituitary gland to oestrogens. To answer the question whether the angiotensin system is involved in the control of the cell proliferation of the uterine epithelium, the effects of an ACE inhibitor, enalapril maleate, and of angiotensins II and IV, alone or together with losartan, an antagonist of angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1), on endometrial epithelial cell proliferation have been studied. The experiments were performed on ovariectomized female Wistar rats. In the first experiment the animals were injected with a single dose of oestradiol benzoate or received an injection of solvent only. Half of the oestrogen-treated rats were injected additionally with enalapril maleate (EN, twice daily). The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) into endometrial cell nuclei was used as an index of cell proliferation. It was found that oestradiol alone dramatically increased the BrDU labelling index (LI) of endometrial cell nuclei, and this effect was partially blocked by the simultaneous treatment with EN. In the second experiment, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with angiotensin II (AII), angiotensin IV (AIV) or saline, alone or together with losartan. It was found that AIV induced an increase in the LI in uterine epithelium, and this effect was not blocked by the simultaneous treatment with losartan. The increase in LI in uterine epithelium was also observed in the rats treated with AII and with losartan. These findings suggest an involvement of angiotensin IV in the control of uterine epithelium cell proliferation.
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[A model foe practical student training]. KINDERKRANKENSCHWESTER : ORGAN DER SEKTION KINDERKRANKENPFLEGE 1998; 17:175-7. [PMID: 9616580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists on diethylstilbestrol-induced vascular changes in the rat anterior pituitary gland: a quantitative evaluation. Histol Histopathol 1996; 11:909-13. [PMID: 8930634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects if diethylstilbestrol (DES) and of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists, such as losartan (selective AT1 receptor antagonist) or PD 123319 (selective AT2 receptor antagonist) on the anterior pituitary microvasculature were studied by means of computer-assisted image analysis. The vascularization was visualized using Selye's method modified by Poely et al. (1964). It was found that DES induced a sharp increase in vessel area, mean vessel diameter and perimeter, whereas mean vessel number was reduced. These DES-induced changes were inhibited by simultaneous administration of losartan. On the other hand, PD 123319 was less effective. These findings suggest an involvement of Ang II, acting mainly via AT1 receptors, in the mechanism of estrogen-induced vascular changes in the rat anterior pituitary gland.
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Inhibitory effects of fumagillin and its analogue TNP-470 on the function, morphology and angiogenesis of an oestrogen-induced prolactinoma in Fischer 344 rats. J Endocrinol 1996; 150:99-106. [PMID: 8708569 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1500099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The process of angiogenesis occurs in many physiological states, but it is also essential for the growth of solid tumours and metastasis formation. An abnormal arterial vascularization has been shown in prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas induced by prolonged treatment with oestrogens in Fischer 344 (F344) rats. It is thought that anti-angiogenic agents might be useful in therapy for these tumours. Fumagillin and its analogue TNP-470 are known to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation selectively, but their effect on lactotroph cell secretory function and prolactinoma formation has not yet been described. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of fumagillin and TNP-470 on prolactin secretion, and morphological and vascular changes within the anterior pituitary in long-term oestrogen-treated male F344 rats in vivo and in vitro. As expected, 7 weeks after s.c. implantation of Silastic tubes containing 10 mg diethyl-stilboestrol (DES), a very high rise in serum prolactin levels was found. Both angiogenesis inhibitors injected s.c. at doses of 10 mg/kg body weight for 24 days attenuated the stimulatory effect of DES on prolactin production and release. They also diminished prolactin cell density and inhibited cell proliferation expressed as the number of anterior pituitary cells labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), but the effect of TNP-470 was minor compared with fumagillin. Both angioinhibitors suppressed neo-vascularization within the anterior pituitary with similar potency but, on the other hand, they did not affect DES-induced increases in prolactin secretion from cultured rat pituitary cells and cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, our results provide strong evidence for the anti-tumour and anti-prolactin activity of angiogenesis inhibitors in the experimentally oestrogen-induced pituitary adenoma; this might be mediated indirectly through the inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and granulocyte colony stimulating factor on prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in rats: dose- and time-response in vivo studies. CYTOBIOS 1996; 86:147-153. [PMID: 9022262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the plasma levels of prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in rats were studied. The administration of 10 micrograms/kg G-CSF at 45 min (p < 0.05) and 90 min (p < 0.01) or 10 micrograms/kg GM-CSF at 45 and 90 min (p < 0.01) stimulated the secretion of ACTH. Moreover, G-CSF administration only, in doses of 10 micrograms/kg at 45 min (p < 0.05) and 90 min (p < 0.01) augmented PRL secretion into the blood. These experiments suggest that the human colony stimulating factors (GM-CSF and G-CSF) activate the anterior pituitary gland in vivo to ACTH secretion, but only G-CSF positively influenced PRL release in rats.
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Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and granulocyte colony stimulating factor on melatonin secretion in rats in vivo and in vitro studies. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 56:187-90. [PMID: 7532183 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(94)00146-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed in order to clarify whether granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) affect melatonin production and release. We have found that both factors (GM-CSF at doses of 10.0 and 100.0 micrograms/kg, and G-CSF at doses of 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 micrograms/kg) stimulate melatonin secretion in rats in vivo. Positive correlations between tested doses of GM-CSF and G-CSF and plasma melatonin levels were observed (P < 0.01). Moreover, GM-CSF at doses of 2.0 and 20.0 ng/ml activated in vitro the pineal gland to melatonin release (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.
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Is estrogen-induced pituitary hyperplasia and hyperprolactinaemia mediated by angiotensin II? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 377:371-8. [PMID: 7484439 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0952-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Influence of interleukin 1 and antihuman interleukin 1 receptor antibody on the growth and function of the thyroid gland in rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1994; 131:531-4. [PMID: 7952165 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1310531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines seem to influence the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. We have studied the effect of different doses of interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta (given twice daily ip) alone or together with antihuman IL-1 receptor antibody (aIL-1ra) on the proliferation of thyroid follicular cells and thyroid hormone levels in male Wistar rats. We have examined the influence of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta at doses of 10.0, 1.0 and 0.1 micrograms/kg body wt of animal and aIL-1ra at a dose of 10.0 micrograms/kg body wt of animals. The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into thyroid follicular cell nuclei was used as an index of cell proliferation (labeling index: LI) and measured 24 h after the last of two injections of interleukin. Interleukin 1 beta, at all examined doses, increased thyroid follicular cell proliferation when compared to controls (p < 0.05), and a positive correlation between log of the dose of IL-1 beta used and LI (r = 0.62, p < 0.05) using Student's t-test was found. The administration of aIL-1ra alone also enhanced the thyroid follicular cell proliferation, whereas aIL-1ra used together with IL-1 beta exerted a less pronounced effect than each of these substances used separately (p < 0.05). Interleukin 1 alpha at the dose of 10.0 micrograms/kg body wt increased the proliferation of thyroid follicular cells (p < 0.05). Thyroid hormone levels did not change in any of the experiments. These results suggest a regulatory role of IL-1 upon the proliferation of thyroid cells.
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Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a multifunctional monokine which possesses an impressive array of diverse actions relating to the function of the immune system. IL-1 is present and formed locally in the brain as demonstrated by biochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Various immunomodulatory and neuroendocrine effects of IL-1 have been reported, including induction of several morphological changes in the endocrine cells of experimental animals and humans. IL-1 is present in two molecular forms (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta) that activate specific receptors for IL-1. In the present study we investigated the possible effect of recombinant human IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta and recently cloned anti-human IL-1 receptor antibody (M10) on cell proliferation in the anterior and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland of the rat. In vivo labelling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and immunocytochemical staining with anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody were used as a sensitive index of cell proliferation. IL-1 beta was found to stimulate dose-dependently (0.1-10 micrograms/kg body weight) incorporation of BrdU into pituitary intermediate cell nuclei, and positive correlation between the tested doses of IL-1 beta and BrdU-labelling index was noted (r = 0.89; P < 0.01). This IL-1 beta-induced stimulation of pituitary pars intermedia cell proliferation was receptor specific, since stimulation was blocked by anti-IL-1 receptor antibody. On the other hand, recombinant human IL-1 alpha did not affect BrdU incorporation and the proliferation of pituitary pars intermedia cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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