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Khalsa JK, Cha J, Utro F, Naeem A, Murali I, Kuang Y, Vasquez K, Li L, Tyekucheva S, Fernandes SM, Veronese L, Guieze R, Sasi BK, Wang Z, Machado JH, Bai H, Alasfour M, Rhrissorrakrai K, Levovitz C, Danysh BP, Slowik K, Jacobs RA, Davids MS, Paweletz CP, Leshchiner I, Parida L, Getz G, Brown JR. Genetic events associated with venetoclax resistance in CLL identified by whole-exome sequencing of patient samples. Blood 2023; 142:421-433. [PMID: 37146250 PMCID: PMC10447490 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although BCL2 mutations are reported as later occurring events leading to venetoclax resistance, many other mechanisms of progression have been reported though remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze longitudinal tumor samples from 11 patients with disease progression while receiving venetoclax to characterize the clonal evolution of resistance. All patients tested showed increased in vitro resistance to venetoclax at the posttreatment time point. We found the previously described acquired BCL2-G101V mutation in only 4 of 11 patients, with 2 patients showing a very low variant allele fraction (0.03%-4.68%). Whole-exome sequencing revealed acquired loss(8p) in 4 of 11 patients, of which 2 patients also had gain (1q21.2-21.3) in the same cells affecting the MCL1 gene. In vitro experiments showed that CLL cells from the 4 patients with loss(8p) were more resistant to venetoclax than cells from those without it, with the cells from 2 patients also carrying gain (1q21.2-21.3) showing increased sensitivity to MCL1 inhibition. Progression samples with gain (1q21.2-21.3) were more susceptible to the combination of MCL1 inhibitor and venetoclax. Differential gene expression analysis comparing bulk RNA sequencing data from pretreatment and progression time points of all patients showed upregulation of proliferation, B-cell receptor (BCR), and NF-κB gene sets including MAPK genes. Cells from progression time points demonstrated upregulation of surface immunoglobulin M and higher pERK levels compared with those from the preprogression time point, suggesting an upregulation of BCR signaling that activates the MAPK pathway. Overall, our data suggest several mechanisms of acquired resistance to venetoclax in CLL that could pave the way for rationally designed combination treatments for patients with venetoclax-resistant CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Exome Sequencing
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Kaur Khalsa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Justin Cha
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Aishath Naeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ishwarya Murali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Yanan Kuang
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin Vasquez
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Liang Li
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stacey M. Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lauren Veronese
- Service de Cytogénétique Médicale, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- EA7453 CHELTER, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romain Guieze
- EA7453 CHELTER, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Binu Kandathilparambil Sasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - John-Hanson Machado
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Harrison Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maryam Alasfour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Brian P. Danysh
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kara Slowik
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Raquel A. Jacobs
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Matthew S. Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cloud P. Paweletz
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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Naeem A, Utro F, Wang Q, Cha J, Vihinen M, Martindale S, Zhou Y, Ren Y, Tyekucheva S, Kim AS, Fernandes SM, Saksena G, Rhrissorrakrai K, Levovitz C, Danysh BP, Slowik K, Jacobs RA, Davids MS, Lederer JA, Zain R, Smith CIE, Leshchiner I, Parida L, Getz G, Brown JR. Pirtobrutinib targets BTK C481S in ibrutinib-resistant CLL but second-site BTK mutations lead to resistance. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1929-1943. [PMID: 36287227 PMCID: PMC10202739 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) have transformed the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but continuous therapy has been complicated by the development of resistance. The most common resistance mechanism in patients whose disease progresses on covalent BTK inhibitors (BTKis) is a mutation in the BTK 481 cysteine residue to which the inhibitors bind covalently. Pirtobrutinib is a highly selective, noncovalent BTKi with substantial clinical activity in patients whose disease has progressed on covalent BTKi, regardless of BTK mutation status. Using in vitro ibrutinib-resistant models and cells from patients with CLL, we show that pirtobrutinib potently inhibits BTK-mediated functions including B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, cell viability, and CCL3/CCL4 chemokine production in both BTK wild-type and C481S mutant CLL cells. We demonstrate that primary CLL cells from responding patients on the pirtobrutinib trial show reduced BCR signaling, cell survival, and CCL3/CCL4 chemokine secretion. At time of progression, these primary CLL cells show increasing resistance to pirtobrutinib in signaling inhibition, cell viability, and cytokine production. We employed longitudinal whole-exome sequencing on 2 patients whose disease progressed on pirtobrutinib and identified selection of alternative-site BTK mutations, providing clinical evidence that secondary BTK mutations lead to resistance to noncovalent BTKis.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL4/genetics
- Chemokine CCL4/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Mutation
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishath Naeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Qing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Justin Cha
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephen Martindale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yinglu Zhou
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Annette S. Kim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stacey M. Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gordon Saksena
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Brian P. Danysh
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kara Slowik
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Raquel A. Jacobs
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Matthew S. Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. I. Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ignaty Leshchiner
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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3
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Wu Y, Jin M, Fernandez M, Hart KL, Liao A, Ge X, Fernandes SM, McDonald T, Chen Z, Röth D, Ghoda LY, Marcucci G, Kalkum M, Pillai RK, Danilov AV, Li JJ, Chen J, Brown JR, Rosen ST, Siddiqi T, Wang L. METTL3-Mediated m6A Modification Controls Splicing Factor Abundance and Contributes to Aggressive CLL. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:228-245. [PMID: 37067905 PMCID: PMC10150290 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing dysregulation underlies the onset and progression of cancers. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), spliceosome mutations leading to aberrant splicing occur in ∼20% of patients. However, the mechanism for splicing defects in spliceosome-unmutated CLL cases remains elusive. Through an integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we discover that proteins involved in RNA splicing are posttranscriptionally upregulated in CLL cells, resulting in splicing dysregulation. The abundance of splicing complexes is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. Moreover, increased splicing factor expression is highly correlated with the abundance of METTL3, an RNA methyltransferase that deposits N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNA. METTL3 is essential for cell growth in vitro and in vivo and controls splicing factor protein expression in a methyltransferase-dependent manner through m6A modification-mediated ribosome recycling and decoding. Our results uncover METTL3-mediated m6A modification as a novel regulatory axis in driving splicing dysregulation and contributing to aggressive CLL. SIGNIFICANCE METTL3 controls widespread splicing factor abundance via translational control of m6A-modified mRNA, contributes to RNA splicing dysregulation and disease progression in CLL, and serves as a potential therapeutic target in aggressive CLL. See related commentary by Janin and Esteller, p. 176. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wu
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Mike Fernandez
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Kevyn L. Hart
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Aijun Liao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Xinzhou Ge
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stacey M. Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tinisha McDonald
- The Hematopoietic Tissue Biorepository, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Daniel Röth
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Lucy Y. Ghoda
- The Hematopoietic Tissue Biorepository, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Guido Marcucci
- The Hematopoietic Tissue Biorepository, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Raju K. Pillai
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Alexey V. Danilov
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jingyi Jessica Li
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven T. Rosen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Tanya Siddiqi
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
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4
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Wu Y, Jin M, Fernandez M, Hart K, Liao A, Fernandes SM, McDonald T, Chen Z, Röth D, Ghoda L, Marcucci G, Kalkum M, Pillai RK, Danilov AV, Chen J, Brown JR, Rosen ST, Siddiqi T, Wang L. Abstract 3482: METTL3-mediated m6A modification controls splicing factor abundance and contributes to CLL progression. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
RNA splicing dysregulation is a hallmark of cancers and underlies the onset and progression of diseases. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common adult leukemia in western countries. Spliceosome mutations occur in ~20% of patients. However, the mechanism for splicing defects in spliceosome unmutated CLL cases remains elusive. Through an integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of primary CLL samples, we discovered proteins involved in RNA splicing are post-transcriptionally upregulated. Coupled with clinical annotation, we found spliceosome protein abundance is an independent risk factor and associated with poor prognosis. Splice variants found in CLL are highly overlapped with those driven by high spliceosome abundance but not splicing factor mutations, indicating high spliceosome abundance contributes to genetic lesion-independent splicing defects. To identify potential regulators for spliceosome, we proteome-widely analyzed the proteins that highly correlated with splicing factors expression. Analysis of 113 CLL samples has consistently identified METTL3 upregulation with positive correlation with 77.6% of detected splicing factors. METTL3 is an RNA methyltransferase that modifies N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on mRNA and regulates the translation of m6A-installed transcripts. m6A level on mRNA is increased in CLL cells with differential m6A highly enriched on splicing related transcripts. Moreover, high METTL3 expression in CLL is also associated with poor clinical outcomes. These results suggested that METTL3 translationally controls splicing factors through m6A and plays a role in CLL progression. Toward this end, we demonstrated that METTL3 is essential for CLL growth in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Knock out (KO) and pharmaceutical inhibition of METTL3 decreased cell growth and splicing factor expression. Overexpression of wildtype but not catalytic mutant METTL3 restored both defects in METTL3 KO cells, indicating that the regulation of splicing factor is m6A-dependent. To dissect the underlying mechanism, we performed an integrated Ribo-seq, RNA-seq, and MeRIP-seq on CLL cells with or without METTL3. KO of METTL3 decreased overall translation efficiency (TE) with RNA splicing as the most significantly affected pathway. Splicing factors with reduced TE displayed either hypo-m6A at stop codon region or hyper-m6A at CDS regions upon METTL3 KO, as direct or indirect targets of METTL3. Moreover, we found that m6A at stop codon and CDS regions regulates splicing factor translation via ribosome recycling and ribosome pausing, respectively. Taken together, our results uncovered a novel regulatory axis for METTL3 that controls splicing factor translation and contributes to CLL progression. Our study highlights a post-transcriptional layer of m6A modification as a major contributor to genetic lesion-independent splicing defects in CLL.
Citation Format: Yiming Wu, Meiling Jin, Mike Fernandez, Kevyn Hart, Aijun Liao, Stacey M. Fernandes, Tinisha McDonald, Zhenhua Chen, Daniel Röth, Lucy Ghoda, Guido Marcucci, Markus Kalkum, Raju K. Pillai, Alexey V. Danilov, Jianjun Chen, Jennifer R. Brown, Steven T. Rosen, Tanya Siddiqi, Lili Wang. METTL3-mediated m6A modification controls splicing factor abundance and contributes to CLL progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wu
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA
| | - Meiling Jin
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA
| | | | - Kevyn Hart
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA
| | - Aijun Liao
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA
| | | | | | - Zhenhua Chen
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA
| | - Daniel Röth
- 3City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianjun Chen
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA
| | | | | | | | - Lili Wang
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, CA
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5
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Lampson BL, Gupta A, Tyekucheva S, Mashima K, Petráčková A, Wang Z, Wojciechowska N, Shaughnessy CJ, Baker PO, Fernandes SM, Shupe S, Machado JH, Fardoun R, Kim AS, Brown JR. Rare Germline ATM Variants Influence the Development of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1116-1128. [PMID: 36315919 PMCID: PMC9928739 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline missense variants of unknown significance in cancer-related genes are increasingly being identified with the expanding use of next-generation sequencing. The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene on chromosome 11 has more than 1,000 germline missense variants of unknown significance and is a tumor suppressor. We aimed to determine if rare germline ATM variants are more frequent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared with other hematologic malignancies and if they influence the clinical characteristics of CLL. METHODS We identified 3,128 patients (including 825 patients with CLL) in our hematologic malignancy clinic who had received clinical-grade sequencing of the entire coding region of ATM. We ascertained the comparative frequencies of germline ATM variants in categories of hematologic neoplasms, and, in patients with CLL, we determined whether these variants affected CLL-associated characteristics such as somatic 11q deletion. RESULTS Rare germline ATM variants are present in 24% of patients with CLL, significantly greater than that in patients with other lymphoid malignancies (16% prevalence), myeloid disease (15%), or no hematologic neoplasm (14%). Patients with CLL with germline ATM variants are younger at diagnosis and twice as likely to have 11q deletion. The ATM variant p.L2307F is present in 3% of patients with CLL, is associated with a three-fold increase in rates of somatic 11q deletion, and is a hypomorph in cell-based assays. CONCLUSION Germline ATM variants cluster within CLL and affect the phenotype of CLL that develops, implying that some of these variants (such as ATM p.L2307F) have functional significance and should not be ignored. Further studies are needed to determine whether these variants affect the response to therapy or account for some of the inherited risk of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Lampson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kiyomi Mashima
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Anna Petráčková
- Department of Immunology, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Current Address: Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Conner J. Shaughnessy
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Peter O. Baker
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Stacey M. Fernandes
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Samantha Shupe
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - John-Hanson Machado
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Rayan Fardoun
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Annette S. Kim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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6
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Gadi D, Martindale SP, Chiu PY, Khalsa J, Chen PH, Fernandes SM, Wang Z, Tyekucheva S, Machado JH, Fisher DC, Armand P, Davids MS, Rodig S, Sherry B, Brown JR. Circulating Th17 T cells at treatment onset predict autoimmune toxicity of PI3Kδ inhibitors. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:22. [PMID: 36732326 PMCID: PMC9895075 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PI3Kδ inhibitors are approved for the therapy of B cell malignancies, but their clinical use has been limited by unpredictable autoimmune toxicity, despite promising efficacy and evidence that toxicity is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Prior phenotypic evaluation by CyTOF has identified increases in activated CD8 T cells with activation of Th17 T cells, as well as decreases in Tregs, particularly in patients with toxicity. Here we sought to further understand the effects of idelalisib and duvelisib in vitro, and demonstrate that both idelalisib and duvelisib can inhibit T cell proliferation as well as Th1 and Treg differentiation in vitro, while promoting Th2 and Th17 differentiation. We further demonstrate directly using intracellular flow cytometry that autoimmune toxicity in patients is associated with higher absolute numbers of CD4 and CD8 T cells with Th17 differentiation in peripheral blood prior to therapy, and that gastrointestinal tissues from patients with active autoimmune complications of PI3Kδ inhibitors show infiltration with Th17+ T cells. These same tissues show depletion of Tregs as compared to CLL patients without toxicity, suggesting that loss of Tregs may be permissive for Th17 activation to lead to autoimmune toxicity. Clinical trials to restore this balance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gadi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P Martindale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pui Yan Chiu
- Center for Immunology & Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jasneet Khalsa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John-Hanson Machado
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Fisher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Armand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott Rodig
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Sherry
- Center for Immunology & Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Ryan CE, Brander DM, Barr PM, Tyekucheva S, Hackett LR, Collins MC, Fernandes SM, Ren Y, Zhou Y, McDonough MM, Walker HA, McEwan MR, Abramson JS, Jacobsen ED, LaCasce AS, Fisher DC, Brown JR, Davids MS. A phase 1b study of ibrutinib in combination with obinutuzumab in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:835-842. [PMID: 36717653 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated ibrutinib plus obinutuzumab in relapsed/refractory CLL, evaluating tolerability of 3 sequencing regimens as well as overall safety and efficacy. Fifty-two patients were initially randomized 1:1:1 to receive either obinutuzumab 1 month before ibrutinib initiation, ibrutinib 1 month prior to obinutuzumab initiation, or to start both drugs concomitantly. Higher rates of infusion-related reactions were observed with the first sequence, and only the latter 2 cohorts were expanded. Grade 4 hematologic toxicity was uncommon, and notable all-grade non-hematologic toxicities included bruising (58%), hypertension (46%), arthralgia (38%), diarrhea (37%), transaminitis (35%), atrial fibrillation (21%), and serious infection (17%). Best overall response rate was 96% (including 40% CR and 56% PR). Best rates of undetectable minimal residual disease in peripheral blood and bone marrow were 27% and 19%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 41.5 months, four-year progression-free and overall survival rates are 74% and 93%, respectively. Correlative studies demonstrated that serum CCL4 and CXCL13 levels were associated with clinical response, and BH3 profiling revealed increased BCL-2 and BCL-xL dependence in CLL cells from patients on treatment. Overall, ibrutinib plus obinutuzumab was highly active, with a manageable safety profile, supporting further investigation of this type of approach in relapsed/refractory CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Ryan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle M Brander
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul M Barr
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Liam R Hackett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary C Collins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yinglu Zhou
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mikaela M McDonough
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather A Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica R McEwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy S Abramson
- Center for Lymphoma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric D Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann S LaCasce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Fisher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Parry EM, Leshchiner I, Guièze R, Johnson C, Tausch E, Parikh SA, Lemvigh C, Broséus J, Hergalant S, Messer C, Utro F, Levovitz C, Rhrissorrakrai K, Li L, Rosebrock D, Yin S, Deng S, Slowik K, Jacobs R, Huang T, Li S, Fell G, Redd R, Lin Z, Knisbacher BA, Livitz D, Schneider C, Ruthen N, Elagina L, Taylor-Weiner A, Persaud B, Martinez A, Fernandes SM, Purroy N, Anandappa AJ, Ma J, Hess J, Rassenti LZ, Kipps TJ, Jain N, Wierda W, Cymbalista F, Feugier P, Kay NE, Livak KJ, Danysh BP, Stewart C, Neuberg D, Davids MS, Brown JR, Parida L, Stilgenbauer S, Getz G, Wu CJ. Evolutionary history of transformation from chronic lymphocytic leukemia to Richter syndrome. Nat Med 2023; 29:158-169. [PMID: 36624313 PMCID: PMC10155825 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Richter syndrome (RS) arising from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exemplifies an aggressive malignancy that develops from an indolent neoplasm. To decipher the genetics underlying this transformation, we computationally deconvoluted admixtures of CLL and RS cells from 52 patients with RS, evaluating paired CLL-RS whole-exome sequencing data. We discovered RS-specific somatic driver mutations (including IRF2BP2, SRSF1, B2M, DNMT3A and CCND3), recurrent copy-number alterations beyond del(9p21)(CDKN2A/B), whole-genome duplication and chromothripsis, which were confirmed in 45 independent RS cases and in an external set of RS whole genomes. Through unsupervised clustering, clonally related RS was largely distinct from diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We distinguished pathways that were dysregulated in RS versus CLL, and detected clonal evolution of transformation at single-cell resolution, identifying intermediate cell states. Our study defines distinct molecular subtypes of RS and highlights cell-free DNA analysis as a potential tool for early diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ignaty Leshchiner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Romain Guièze
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7453 CHELTER, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Eugen Tausch
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Camilla Lemvigh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julien Broséus
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, service d'hématologie biologique, pôle laboratoires, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Conor Messer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Filippo Utro
- IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Liang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kara Slowik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raquel Jacobs
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Teddy Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoff Fell
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Redd
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziao Lin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Christof Schneider
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Neil Ruthen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Bria Persaud
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aina Martinez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noelia Purroy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annabelle J Anandappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jialin Ma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julian Hess
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Z Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florence Cymbalista
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Hôpital Avicenne-AP-HP, INSERM U978- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Pierre Feugier
- Inserm UMRS1256 Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (N-GERE), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU Nancy, service d'hématologie clinique, Nancy, France
| | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laxmi Parida
- IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Division of CLL, Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Knisbacher BA, Lin Z, Hahn CK, Nadeu F, Duran-Ferrer M, Stevenson KE, Tausch E, Delgado J, Barbera-Mourelle A, Taylor-Weiner A, Bousquets-Muñoz P, Diaz-Navarro A, Dunford A, Anand S, Kretzmer H, Gutierrez-Abril J, López-Tamargo S, Fernandes SM, Sun C, Sivina M, Rassenti LZ, Schneider C, Li S, Parida L, Meissner A, Aguet F, Burger JA, Wiestner A, Kipps TJ, Brown JR, Hallek M, Stewart C, Neuberg DS, Martín-Subero JI, Puente XS, Stilgenbauer S, Wu CJ, Campo E, Getz G. Molecular map of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its impact on outcome. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1664-1674. [PMID: 35927489 PMCID: PMC10084830 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer characterization have consistently revealed marked heterogeneity, impeding the completion of integrated molecular and clinical maps for each malignancy. Here, we focus on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a B cell neoplasm with variable natural history that is conventionally categorized into two subtypes distinguished by extent of somatic mutations in the heavy-chain variable region of immunoglobulin genes (IGHV). To build the 'CLL map,' we integrated genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data from 1,148 patients. We identified 202 candidate genetic drivers of CLL (109 new) and refined the characterization of IGHV subtypes, which revealed distinct genomic landscapes and leukemogenic trajectories. Discovery of new gene expression subtypes further subcategorized this neoplasm and proved to be independent prognostic factors. Clinical outcomes were associated with a combination of genetic, epigenetic and gene expression features, further advancing our prognostic paradigm. Overall, this work reveals fresh insights into CLL oncogenesis and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziao Lin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia K Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julio Delgado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Barbera-Mourelle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pablo Bousquets-Muñoz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ander Diaz-Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesus Gutierrez-Abril
- Computational Oncology Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara López-Tamargo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare Sun
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Malignancies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariela Sivina
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Z Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Malignancies, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Hallek
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf and German CLL Study Group, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José I Martín-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xose S Puente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Catherine J Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Yin Y, Athanasiadis P, Karlsen L, Urban A, Xu H, Murali I, Fernandes SM, Arribas AJ, Hilli AK, Taskén K, Bertoni F, Mato AR, Normant E, Brown JR, Tjønnfjord GE, Aittokallio T, Skånland SS. Functional Testing to Characterize and Stratify PI3K Inhibitor Responses in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4444-4455. [PMID: 35998013 PMCID: PMC9588626 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) are approved for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although patients may show an initial response to these therapies, development of treatment intolerance or resistance remain clinical challenges. To overcome these, prediction of individual treatment responses based on actionable biomarkers is needed. Here, we characterized the activity and cellular effects of 10 PI3Ki and investigated whether functional analyses can identify treatment vulnerabilities in PI3Ki-refractory/intolerant CLL and stratify responders to PI3Ki. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (n = 51 in total) from treatment-naïve and PI3Ki-treated patients with CLL were studied. Cells were profiled against 10 PI3Ki and the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax. Cell signaling and immune phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell viability was monitored by detection of cleaved caspase-3 and the CellTiter-Glo assay. RESULTS pan-PI3Kis were most effective at inhibiting PI3K signaling and cell viability, and showed activity in CLL cells from both treatment-naïve and idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients. CLL cells from idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients showed overall reduced protein phosphorylation levels. The pan-PI3Ki copanlisib, but not the p110δ inhibitor idelalisib, inhibited PI3K signaling in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in addition to CD19+ B cells, but did not significantly affect T-cell numbers. Combination treatment with a PI3Ki and venetoclax resulted in synergistic induction of apoptosis. Analysis of drug sensitivities to 73 drug combinations and profiling of 31 proteins stratified responders to idelalisib and umbralisib, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest novel treatment vulnerabilities in idelalisib-refractory/intolerant CLL, and indicate that ex vivo functional profiling may stratify PI3Ki responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yin
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paschalis Athanasiadis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Karlsen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Urban
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ishwarya Murali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey M. Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto J. Arribas
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Abdul K. Hilli
- Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geir E. Tjønnfjord
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sigrid S. Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Mamidi MK, Mahmud H, Maiti GP, Mendez MT, Fernandes SM, Vesely SK, Holter-Chakrabarty J, Brown JR, Ghosh AK. Idelalisib activates AKT via increased recruitment of PI3Kδ/PI3Kβ to BCR signalosome while reducing PDK1 in post-therapy CLL cells. Leukemia 2022; 36:1806-1817. [PMID: 35568768 PMCID: PMC10874218 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Idelalisib targets PI3Kδ in the BCR pathway generating only a partial response in CLL patients, indicating that the leukemic cells may have evolved escape signals. Indeed, we detected increased activation of AKT accompanied by upregulation of MYC/BCL2 in post-therapy CLL cells from patients treated with idelalisib/ofatumumab. To unravel the mechanism of increased AKT-activation, we studied the impact of idelalisib on a CLL-derived cell line, MEC1, as a model. After an initial inhibition, AKT-activation level was restored in idelalisib-treated MEC1 cells in a time-dependent manner. As BCAP (B-cell adaptor for PI3K) and CD19 recruit PI3Kδ to activate AKT upon BCR-stimulation, we examined if idelalisib-treatment altered PI3Kδ-recruitment. Immunoprecipitation of BCAP/CD19 from idelalisib-treated MEC1 cells showed increased recruitment of PI3Kδ in association with PI3Kβ, but not PI3Kα or PI3Kγ and that, targeting both PI3Kδ with PI3Kβ inhibited AKT-reactivation. We detected similar, patient-specific recruitment pattern of PI3K-isoforms by BCAP/CD19 in post-idelalisib CLL cells with increased AKT-activation. Interestingly, a stronger inhibitory effect of idelalisib on P-AKT (T308) than S473 was discernible in idelalisib-treated cells despite increased recruitment of PI3Kδ/PI3Kβ and accumulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate; which could be attributed to reduced PDK1 activity. Thus, administration of isoform-specific inhibitors may prove more effective strategy for treating CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Mamidi
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hasan Mahmud
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Guru P Maiti
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mariana T Mendez
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R Brown
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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12
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Kuang Y, Fernandes SM, Fardoun R, Vasquez K, Mogili A, Paweletz CP, Brown JR. Abstract 3960: BCL-2 G101V mutations develop in one-third of patients on continuous venetoclax. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To date, these therapies are generally given continuously, indefinitely, leading to the development of resistance, which is often on target. Venetoclax is the first-in-class BCL-2 inhibitor which was initially approved for continuous therapy in relapsed high-risk CLL. In that context the BCL-2 G101V mutation (mut) was identified in post-progression samples and shown to reduce venetoclax binding to BCL-2, limiting its efficacy. The mut can be identified at low variant allele frequency (VAF) prior to clinical progression. We were therefore interested to identify the frequency of this mut in our cohort of relapsed refractory CLL patients (pts) on continuous venetoclax, and to assess the sensitivity of measurements in blood vs bone marrow. To this end we utilized a ddPCR assay which has LNA probes that specifically bind to either the BCL2 G101wt or G101V sequences, to screen for G101V muts in DNA extracted from patient samples. We also started to investigate additional co-occurring BCL2 muts in G101V positive samples by Sanger sequencing.
Our patient cohort included 28 pts, of whom 20 had serial samples collected during venetoclax therapy. The median age of the pts was 66, and they had a median of 3 prior therapies before venetoclax, including chemoimmunotherapy in 67.9% and a BTK inhibitor in 60.7%. Deletion of 17p was present in 43%, with five additional pts having isolated TP53 mut (total with known TP53 aberrancy, 61%). 75% (21/28) of those evaluated had an unmutated IGHV. The median duration of venetoclax treatment was 43.5 months (mos). The timing of the first sample tested was a median of 23.3 mos after venetoclax initiation.
We detected the G101V allele in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 9 out of 28 pts, at a median allele frequency (AF) of 1.38% (range 0.04%-22.31%), at a median of 44.6 mos on venetoclax. Out of the three pts who had G101V detected at multiple timepoints, two had AF increased with time (7.8 fold increase over 6 mos and 7.7 fold increase over 5 mos, respectively), one had similar AF with time (4.68% at 18.9 mos, 3.43% at 23.8 mos on treatment). Six of these pts also had bone marrow evaluated and all were also positive (at a median AF of 0.21%; range 0.2%-18.66%); one additional patient without a PBMC sample at that timepoint was positive in bone marrow. In order to screen for any co-occurring acquired resistance muts in BCL2 G101V positive samples, we performed Sanger sequencing across the BCL2 open-reading frame. We have identified a duplication mut (R107-R110dup) in one of the samples.
In conclusion, this study shows that approximately one-third of pts on continuous venetoclax for 2+ years develop evidence of low-level BCL-2 G101V mut. Further work is underway to identify additional co-existing muts in BCL2 or other genes, and to characterize the additional genetic events at the time of clear clinical progression.
Citation Format: Yanan Kuang, Stacey M. Fernandes, Rayan Fardoun, Kevin Vasquez, Abhishek Mogili, Cloud P. Paweletz, Jennifer R. Brown. BCL-2 G101V mutations develop in one-third of patients on continuous venetoclax [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3960.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer R. Brown
- 2Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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13
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Gadi D, Griffith A, Wang Z, Tyekucheva S, Rai V, Fernandes SM, Machado JH, Munugalavadla V, Lederer J, Brown JR. Idelalisib reduces regulatory T cells and activates T helper 17 cell differentiation in relapsed refractory patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:207-211. [PMID: 35170759 PMCID: PMC9263710 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors such as idelalisib have been associated with potentially severe autoimmune toxicity. In the present study, we demonstrate that relapsed refractory patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with idelalisib rituximab on the phase III registration trial show uniform decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and increase in CD8 T cells with treatment. Patients who do not develop toxicity show enrichment for T cells expressing multiple chemokine receptors, while those who do develop toxicity have an activated CD8 T cell population with T helper 17 cell differentiation at baseline, which then increases, leading to an increased CD8:Treg ratio that likely triggers autoimmune toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gadi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec Griffith
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vanessa Rai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John-Hanson Machado
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - James Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Biran A, Yin S, Kretzmer H, Ten Hacken E, Parvin S, Lucas F, Uduman M, Gutierrez C, Dangle N, Billington L, Regis FF, Rassenti LZ, Mohammad A, Hoffmann GB, Stevenson K, Zheng M, Witten E, Fernandes SM, Tausch E, Sun C, Stilgenbauer S, Brown JR, Kipps TJ, Aster JC, Gnirke A, Neuberg DS, Letai A, Wang L, Carrasco RD, Meissner A, Wu CJ. Activation of Notch and Myc Signaling via B-cell-Restricted Depletion of Dnmt3a Generates a Consistent Murine Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6117-6130. [PMID: 34686499 PMCID: PMC8678341 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by disordered DNA methylation, suggesting these epigenetic changes might play a critical role in disease onset and progression. The methyltransferase DNMT3A is a key regulator of DNA methylation. Although DNMT3A somatic mutations in CLL are rare, we found that low DNMT3A expression is associated with more aggressive disease. A conditional knockout mouse model showed that homozygous depletion of Dnmt3a from B cells results in the development of CLL with 100% penetrance at a median age of onset of 5.3 months, and heterozygous Dnmt3a depletion yields a disease penetrance of 89% with a median onset at 18.5 months, confirming its role as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. B1a cells were confirmed as the cell of origin of disease in this model, and Dnmt3a depletion resulted in focal hypomethylation and activation of Notch and Myc signaling. Amplification of chromosome 15 containing the Myc gene was detected in all CLL mice tested, and infiltration of high-Myc-expressing CLL cells in the spleen was observed. Notably, hyperactivation of Notch and Myc signaling was exclusively observed in the Dnmt3a CLL mice, but not in three other CLL mouse models tested (Sf3b1-Atm, Ikzf3, and MDR), and Dnmt3a-depleted CLL were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of Notch signaling in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these findings, human CLL samples with lower DNMT3A expression were more sensitive to Notch inhibition than those with higher DNMT3A expression. Altogether, these results suggest that Dnmt3a depletion induces CLL that is highly dependent on activation of Notch and Myc signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: Loss of DNMT3A expression is a driving event in CLL and is associated with aggressive disease, activation of Notch and Myc signaling, and enhanced sensitivity to Notch inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Methyltransferase 3A/genetics
- DNA Methyltransferase 3A/metabolism
- DNA Methyltransferase 3A/physiology
- Daptomycin/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RNA-Seq
- Receptors, Notch/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Biran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Salma Parvin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fabienne Lucas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Dangle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leah Billington
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fara Faye Regis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Z Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, California
| | - Arman Mohammad
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Kristen Stevenson
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Witten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clare Sun
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, California
| | - John C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, California
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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15
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Gadi D, Griffith A, Tyekucheva S, Wang Z, Rai V, Vartanov A, Thrash E, Fernandes SM, Lehmberg TZ, Lee B, Martindale SP, Machado JH, Odejide O, Armand P, Fisher DC, Arnason J, Davids MS, Lederer JA, Brown JR. A T cell inflammatory phenotype is associated with autoimmune toxicity of the PI3K inhibitor duvelisib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 36:723-732. [PMID: 34743191 PMCID: PMC8891037 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several PI3Kδ inhibitors are approved for the therapy of B cell malignancies, but their clinical use has been limited by unpredictable autoimmune toxicity. We have recently reported promising efficacy results treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with combination therapy with the PI3Kδγ inhibitor duvelisib and fludarabine cyclophosphamide rituximab (FCR) chemoimmunotherapy, but approximately one-third of patients develop autoimmune toxicity. We show here that duvelisib FCR treatment in an upfront setting modulates both CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Decreases in naïve and central memory CD4 T cells and naïve CD8 T cells occur with treatment, while activated CD8 T cells, granzyme positive Tregs and Th17 CD4 and CD8 T cells all increase with treatment, particularly in patients with toxicity. Cytokines associated with Th17 activation (IL-17A and IL-21) are also relatively elevated in patients with toxicity. The only CLL feature associated with toxicity was increased priming for apoptosis at baseline, with a significant decrease during the first week of duvelisib. We conclude that an increase in activated CD8 T cells with activation of Th17 T cells, in the context of lower baseline Tregs and greater CLL resistance to duvelisib, is associated with duvelisib-related autoimmune toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Gadi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec Griffith
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Rai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Vartanov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Thrash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Z Lehmberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P Martindale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John-Hanson Machado
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oreofe Odejide
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe Armand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Fisher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Arnason
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Watanabe M, Borges FT, Pessoa EA, Fonseca CD, Fernandes SM, Drew RC, Volpini RA, Vattimo MFF. Renoprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine depends upon the severity of the ischemia reperfusion injury. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e9941. [PMID: 34495252 PMCID: PMC8427747 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e9941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in seriously ill patients, while renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the most frequent event in this oxidative renal injury. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a small molecule containing a thiol group that has antioxidant properties, promoting detoxification and acting directly as a free radical scavenger. In this study, the protective effect of NAC was investigated in short-term (30 min) and long-term (45 min) ischemic AKI. This was achieved via clamping of the renal artery for 30 or 45 min in Wistar rats to induce I/R injury. AKI worsened with a longer period of ischemia (45 compared to 30 min) due to probable irreversible damage. Preconditioning with NAC in short-term ischemia improved renal blood flow and increased creatinine clearance by reducing oxidative metabolites and increasing antioxidant capacity. Otherwise, NAC did not change these parameters in the long-term ischemia. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the period of ischemia determines the severity of the AKI, and NAC presented antioxidant effects in short-term ischemia but not in long-term ischemia, confirming that there is a possible therapeutic window for its renoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F T Borges
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E A Pessoa
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C D Fonseca
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S M Fernandes
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R C Drew
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R A Volpini
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M F F Vattimo
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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17
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Sandova V, Pavlasova GM, Seda V, Cerna KA, Sharma S, Palusova V, Brychtova Y, Pospisilova S, Fernandes SM, Panovska A, Doubek M, Davids MS, Brown JR, Mayer J, Mraz M. IL4-STAT6 signaling induces CD20 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and this axis is repressed by PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib. Haematologica 2021; 106:2995-2999. [PMID: 34196167 PMCID: PMC8561290 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.278644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sandova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vaclav Seda
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Amruz Cerna
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sonali Sharma
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Palusova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Brychtova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Panovska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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18
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Murali I, Cha J, Leshchiner I, Kuang Y, Vasquez K, Khalsa J, Fernandes SM, Utro F, Rhrissorrakrai K, Levovitz C, Danysh BP, Slowik K, Jacobs RA, Paweletz CP, Parida L, Getz G, Brown JR. Abstract 1097: Mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mechanisms of resistance to venetoclax, a highly selective oral BCL2 inhibitor approved for therapy of CLL, remain poorly understood and we sought to characterize the clonal evolution of resistance in patients developing progressive disease on venetoclax. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 7 relapsed/refractory CLL patients with disease progressing on venetoclax. We observed del17p in 43% (3/7), TP53 mutation in 86% (6/7) and unmutated IGHV in 71% (5/7) of patients. A median of four longitudinal tumor samples were sequenced per patient (total Nsamples= 25). We performed digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) analysis to look at the emergence of BCL2 G101V mutations that have been previously linked with venetoclax resistance after long times on therapy. G101V mutation was detected by ddPCR in two patients at low variant allelic fractions (VAF) of 0.03% and 4.68% respectively, and not detected by WES. We further detected one droplet positive for G101V mutation in two other patients in venetoclax progression bone marrow samples. Due to the very low VAF of the BCL2 G101V mutations, we suspected that other mechanisms of acquired resistance were more significant in this cohort of relatively early relapses. Analysis of WES data showed no somatic single nucleotide variants (sSNVs) selected in more than one patient with resistance. However, copy number analysis revealed acquired del8p in 3 patients, resulting in large subclonal expansions. Furthermore, del 8p co-occurred with amp 1q21.2-21.3 affecting the MCL1 gene in 2 patients, and with amp 8q, del 17p, del 18q22.1-23 and del 9p23-21.2 (containing the MYC, TP53, BCL2 and CDKN2A/B genes respectively) in a third. Two other patients showed expansion of clones harboring del 10q23.31-24.1, that includes PTEN, while a third contains an expanding clone with two IRF8 mutations (S283C and SFF416fs). Resistance in the final patient is likely associated with marked expansion of clones with TP53 and SF3B1 mutations. RNA-seq analysis comparing pre-venetoclax to post-venetoclax resistant samples from 8 CLL patients showed downregulation of the BCR, FCGR and MAPK signaling pathways, with upregulation of mitochondrial translation, oxidative phosphorylation and the TCA/citric acid cycle at the time of progression. RNA-seq analysis focusing on the patients with del 8p shows significant downregulation of the TNFRSF10A/10B genes (TRAIL-Rs), with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showing positive enrichment for WNT5A/FZD4 signaling and CREB signaling via the PKC and MAPK pathways, concomitant with downregulation of the BCR and FCGR pathways at progression. Our data suggest several mechanisms of venetoclax resistance in CLL, including loss of TNFRSF10A/B, sometimes with MCL1 upregulation, as well as WNT pathway upregulation and BCR pathway downregulation, which we are now validating in primary patient PBMCs and relevant cell line models.
Citation Format: Ishwarya Murali, Justin Cha, Ignaty Leshchiner, Yanan Kuang, Kevin Vasquez, Jasneet Khalsa, Stacey M. Fernandes, Filippo Utro, Kahn Rhrissorrakrai, Chaya Levovitz, Brian P. Danysh, Kara Slowik, Raquel A. Jacobs, Cloud P. Paweletz, Laxmi Parida, Gad Getz, Jennifer R. Brown. Mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarya Murali
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Justin Cha
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Jasneet Khalsa
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kara Slowik
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Gad Getz
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
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Keegan JW, Borriello F, Fernandes SM, Brown JR, Lederer JA. Engineered immunostimulatory cells can convert PBMCs from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients into potent tumor killing immune cells. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7517 Background: Alloplex Biotherapeutics has developed a cellular therapeutic that uses ENgineered Leukocyte ImmunoSTimulatory cell lines called ENLIST cells to activate and expand populations of tumor killing effector cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This process leads to a 300-fold expansion of NK cells, CD8+ T cells, NKT cells, and TCRγδ T cells that are called SUPLEXA cells, which will be cryopreserved and transferred back into patients as an autologous immune cell therapy for cancer. In this study, PBMCs from CLL patients were used to generate SUPLEXA cells as a first approach to comparatively profile SUPLEXA cells from cancer patients and normal healthy volunteers (NHVs). Methods: ENLIST cell lines were engineered by expressing curated immunomodulatory proteins in the SK-MEL-2 melanoma cell line. Two million (M) PBMCs from 10 CLL patients or 2 NHVs were incubated with 0.4 M freeze/thaw killed ENLIST cells for 5 days in XVIVO-15 medium with 2% heat-inactivated human AB serum (XAB2) and then split 1:15 in XAB2 containing IL-7 and IL-15 to expand. After 9 days, SUPLEXA cells were harvested and cryopreserved. Results: Original PBMCs and matched SUPLEXA cells from each donor were thawed and characterized by mass cytometry (CyTOF) using a 47-marker antibody panel. CyTOF staining results of PBMCs from CLL patients demonstrated approximately 95% leukemia cells and few T cells, NK cells, B cells, and monocytes. CyTOF staining of SUPLEXA cells from all 10 CLL patients showed expansion of NK cells (17%), CD8 T cells (11%), and CD4 T cells (7.5%) that were similar in phenotype to SUPLEXA cells from NHVs showing high expression of granzymes and perforin that are indicative of potent tumor cell killing activity. Cancer cells in the original CLL PBMC samples were reduced to 0.78%. However, a population of non-T/non-B cells (60% ± 9.5%) was detected in SUPLEXA cells from all CLL patients that require further characterization. Next, SUPLEXA cells from CLL and NHV patients were comparatively tested for tumor cell killing activity at 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 effector to target cell (MEL-14 melanoma cells expressing RFP) ratios. Percent killing of tumor cells by SUPLEXA cells prepared from CLL patients (77.8% ± 2.6% at 2:1) and NHVs (81.5% ± 0.3% at 2:1) were nearly identical at all effector to target ratios. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that PBMCs from CLL patients can be converted into SUPLEXA cells despite low numbers of normal immune cells at baseline and the known immunologic impairment present in CLL patients. Importantly, SUPLEXA cells derived from CLL patients acquire potent tumor killing activity that is indistinguishable from SUPLEXA cells prepared from NHVs. Taken together, these findings support the feasibility of converting PBMCs from CLL patients with low percentages of NK and T cells into an autologous cellular therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. Keegan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - James A. Lederer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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20
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Lee JH, Shao S, Kim M, Fernandes SM, Brown JR, Kam LC. Multi-Factor Clustering Incorporating Cell Motility Predicts T Cell Expansion Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648925. [PMID: 33898440 PMCID: PMC8063612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of an initial population of T cells is essential for cellular immunotherapy. In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), expansion is often complicated by lack of T cell proliferation, as these cells frequently show signs of exhaustion. This report seeks to identify specific biomarkers or measures of cell function that capture the proliferative potential of a starting population of cells. Mixed CD4+/CD8+ T cells from healthy donors and individuals previously treated for CLL were characterized on the basis of proliferative potential and in vitro cellular functions. Single-factor analysis found little correlation between the number of populations doublings reached during expansion and either Rai stage (a clinical measure of CLL spread) or PD-1 expression. However, inclusion of in vitro IL-2 secretion and the propensity of cells to align onto micropatterned features of activating proteins as factors identified three distinct groups of donors. Notably, these group assignments provided an elegant separation of donors with regards to proliferative potential. Furthermore, these groups exhibited different motility characteristics, suggesting a mechanism that underlies changes in proliferative potential. This study describes a new set of functional readouts that augment surface marker panels to better predict expansion outcomes and clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michelle Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Brown JR, Walker SR, Heppler LN, Tyekucheva S, Nelson EA, Klitgaard J, Nicolais M, Kroll Y, Xiang M, Yeh JE, Chaudhury M, Giaccone ZT, Fernandes SM, Jacobsen ED, Fisher DC, Freedman AS, Davids MS, Supko JG, Wu C, Frank DA. Targeting constitutively active STAT3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A clinical trial of the STAT3 inhibitor pyrimethamine with pharmacodynamic analyses. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:E95-E98. [PMID: 33373063 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Sarah R. Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Lisa N. Heppler
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Data Sciences Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Erik A. Nelson
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Josephine Klitgaard
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Maria Nicolais
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Yasmin Kroll
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Michael Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer E. Yeh
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Mousumi Chaudhury
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Zachary T. Giaccone
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Stacey M. Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Eric D. Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - David C. Fisher
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Arnold S. Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Matthew S. Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Supko
- Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Catherine Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - David A. Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
- Departments of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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22
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Kretzmer H, Biran A, Purroy N, Lemvigh CK, Clement K, Gruber M, Gu H, Rassenti L, Mohammad AW, Lesnick C, Slager SL, Braggio E, Shanafelt TD, Kay NE, Fernandes SM, Brown JR, Wang L, Li S, Livak KJ, Neuberg DS, Klages S, Timmermann B, Kipps TJ, Campo E, Gnirke A, Wu CJ, Meissner A. Preneoplastic Alterations Define CLL DNA Methylome and Persist through Disease Progression and Therapy. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:54-69. [PMID: 33604581 PMCID: PMC7888194 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-19-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most human cancers converge to a deregulated methylome with reduced global levels and elevated methylation at select CpG islands. To investigate the emergence and dynamics of the cancer methylome, we characterized genome-wide DNA methylation in pre-neoplastic monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including serial samples collected across disease course. We detected the aberrant tumor-associated methylation landscape at CLL diagnosis and found no significantly differentially methylated regions in the high-count MBL-to-CLL transition. Patient methylomes showed remarkable stability with natural disease and post-therapy progression. Single CLL cells were consistently aberrantly methylated, indicating a homogeneous transition to the altered epigenetic state, and a distinct expression profile together with MBL cells compared to normal B cells. Our longitudinal analysis reveals the cancer methylome to emerge early, which may provide a platform for subsequent genetically-driven growth dynamics and together with its persistent presence suggests a central role in the normal-to-cancer transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kretzmer
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anat Biran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noelia Purroy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Camilla K Lemvigh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kendell Clement
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michaela Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Connie Lesnick
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Susan L Slager
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Neil E Kay
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, California
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sven Klages
- Sequencing Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Sequencing Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Elias Campo
- Lymphoid Neoplasm Program, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clínic; Departament d'Anatomia Patològica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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23
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Choi IK, Wang Z, Ke Q, Hong M, Paul DW, Fernandes SM, Hu Z, Stevens J, Guleria I, Kim HJ, Cantor H, Wucherpfennig KW, Brown JR, Ritz J, Zhang B. Mechanism of EBV inducing anti-tumour immunity and its therapeutic use. Nature 2020; 590:157-162. [PMID: 33361812 PMCID: PMC7864874 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) comprise a large set of non-mutated cellular antigens recognized by T cells in human and murine cancers. Their potential as targets for immunotherapy has been explored for more than two decades1, yet the origins of TAA-specific T cells remain unclear. While tumour cells may be an important source of TAAs for T cell priming2, several recent studies suggest that infection with some viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus and influenza virus can elicit T cell responses against abnormally expressed cellular antigens that function as TAAs3,4. However, the cellular and molecular basis of such responses remains undefined. Here we show that expression of the Epstein-Barr virus signalling protein LMP1 in B cells provokes T cell responses to multiple TAAs. LMP1 signalling leads to overexpression of many cellular antigens previously shown to be TAAs, their presentation on major histocompatibility complex classes I (MHC-I) and II (MHC-II) (mainly through the endogenous pathway) and the upregulation of costimulatory ligands CD70 and OX40L, thereby inducing potent cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. These findings delineate a mechanism of infection-induced anti-tumour immunity. Furthermore, by ectopically expressing LMP1 in tumour B cells from patients with cancer and thereby enabling them to prime T cells, we develop a general approach for rapid production of autologous cytotoxic CD4+ T cells against a wide range of endogenous tumour antigens, such as TAAs and neoantigens, for treating B cell malignancies. This work stresses the need to revisit classical concepts concerning viral and tumour immunity, which will be critical to fully understand the impact of common infections on human health and to improve the rational design of immune approaches to treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kyu Choi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Ke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dereck W Paul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuting Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Stevens
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indira Guleria
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical Laboratory Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harvey Cantor
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Baochun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Haselager MV, Kielbassa K, Ter Burg J, Bax DJC, Fernandes SM, Borst J, Tam C, Forconi F, Chiodin G, Brown JR, Dubois J, Kater AP, Eldering E. Changes in Bcl-2 members after ibrutinib or venetoclax uncover functional hierarchy in determining resistance to venetoclax in CLL. Blood 2020; 136:2918-2926. [PMID: 32603412 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells cycle between lymph node (LN) and peripheral blood (PB) and display major shifts in Bcl-2 family members between those compartments. Specifically, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1, which are not targeted by the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax, are increased in the LN. Because ibrutinib forces CLL cells out of the LN, we hypothesized that ibrutinib may thereby affect expression of Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 and sensitize CLL cells to venetoclax. We investigated expression of Bcl-2 family members in patients under ibrutinib or venetoclax treatment, combined with dissecting functional interactions of Bcl-2 family members, in an in vitro model of venetoclax resistance. In the PB, recent LN emigrants had higher Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 expression than did cells immigrating back to the LN. Under ibrutinib treatment, this distinction collapsed; significantly, the pretreatment profile reappeared in patients who relapsed on ibrutinib. However, in response to venetoclax, Bcl-2 members displayed an early increase, underlining the different modes of action of these 2 drugs. Profiling by BH3 mimetics was performed in CLL cells fully resistant to venetoclax due to CD40-mediated induction of Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, and Bfl-1. Several dual or triple combinations of BH3 mimetics were highly synergistic in restoring killing of CLL cells. Lastly, we demonstrated that proapoptotic Bim interacts with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members in a sequential manner: Bcl-2 > Bcl-XL > Mcl-1 > Bfl-1. Combined, the data indicate that Bcl-XL is more important in venetoclax resistance than is Mcl-1 and provide biological rationale for potential synergy between ibrutinib and venetoclax.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/administration & dosage
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco V Haselager
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karoline Kielbassa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Ter Burg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danique J C Bax
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Constantine Tam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences and Haematology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Chiodin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Julie Dubois
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Yuan DJ, Fernandes SM, Brown JR, Kam LC. Individualized expansion of T cells from CLL patients for immunotherapy. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.86.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T cell therapy has shown significant promise in treating blood cancers, yet high proportions of T cells from patients are either unresponsive to stimulation methods or show wide variability in regards to which activation conditions induce optimal expansion. In this work, we explore how expansion of T cells from CLL patients using scaffolds with tunable physical parameters (rigidity, fiber dimensions, pore size) is correlated to patient biomarker data, as well as exhaustion and functional profiles of patient T cells, to gain insight on personalizing T cell production for immunotherapy.
Polymer fiber scaffolds are fabricated via electrospinning with PDMS/PCL polymer blend and coated with activating antibodies to CD3 and CD28 to stimulate T cells isolated from CLL patients with pre-annotated mutation burdens and disease progression. Exhaustion surface markers, memory/effector phenotyping, and cytokine secretion are measured via immunostaining before and after expansion.
Preliminary data has shown that decreasing fiber diameters (from 6 to 1 μm) enhanced T cell expansion and increased the ratio of effector memory to central memory phenotypes. We observe that higher CLL Rai stage leads to decrease in proliferative potential. Interestingly, cells from each CLL patient in our initial study showed different patterns of expansion for the same set of scaffold compositions. Machine learning methods can identify clinical markers that predict exhaustion and functional profiles from starting cell populations as well as expansion with different biomaterial parameters. Collectively, insight into predicting how patient T cells can be robustly expanded in a personalized approach is powerful for translating T cell therapies to more patients.
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26
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Guièze R, Liu VM, Rosebrock D, Jourdain AA, Hernández-Sánchez M, Martinez Zurita A, Sun J, Ten Hacken E, Baranowski K, Thompson PA, Heo JM, Cartun Z, Aygün O, Iorgulescu JB, Zhang W, Notarangelo G, Livitz D, Li S, Davids MS, Biran A, Fernandes SM, Brown JR, Lako A, Ciantra ZB, Lawlor MA, Keskin DB, Udeshi ND, Wierda WG, Livak KJ, Letai AG, Neuberg D, Harper JW, Carr SA, Piccioni F, Ott CJ, Leshchiner I, Johannessen CM, Doench J, Mootha VK, Getz G, Wu CJ. Mitochondrial Reprogramming Underlies Resistance to BCL-2 Inhibition in Lymphoid Malignancies. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:369-384.e13. [PMID: 31543463 PMCID: PMC6801112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial apoptosis can be effectively targeted in lymphoid malignancies with the FDA-approved B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor venetoclax, but resistance to this agent is emerging. We show that venetoclax resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with complex clonal shifts. To identify determinants of resistance, we conducted parallel genome-scale screens of the BCL-2-driven OCI-Ly1 lymphoma cell line after venetoclax exposure along with integrated expression profiling and functional characterization of drug-resistant and engineered cell lines. We identified regulators of lymphoid transcription and cellular energy metabolism as drivers of venetoclax resistance in addition to the known involvement by BCL-2 family members, which were confirmed in patient samples. Our data support the implementation of combinatorial therapy with metabolic modulators to address venetoclax resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clonal Evolution/drug effects
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/metabolism
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guièze
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7453 CHELTER, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vivian M Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Baranowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Philip A Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jin-Mi Heo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zachary Cartun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Ozan Aygün
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Giulia Notarangelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dimitri Livitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anat Biran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana Lako
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zoe B Ciantra
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew A Lawlor
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Derin B Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Anthony G Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Ott
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | | | | | - John Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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27
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Gruber M, Bozic I, Leshchiner I, Livitz D, Stevenson K, Rassenti L, Rosebrock D, Taylor-Weiner A, Olive O, Goyetche R, Fernandes SM, Sun J, Stewart C, Wong A, Cibulskis C, Zhang W, Reiter JG, Gerold JM, Gribben JG, Rai KR, Keating MJ, Brown JR, Neuberg D, Kipps TJ, Nowak MA, Getz G, Wu CJ. Growth dynamics in naturally progressing chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Nature 2019; 570:474-479. [PMID: 31142838 PMCID: PMC6630176 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
How the genomic features of a patient's cancer relate to individual disease kinetics remains poorly understood. Here we used the indolent growth dynamics of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) to analyse the growth rates and corresponding genomic patterns of leukaemia cells from 107 patients with CLL, spanning decades-long disease courses. We found that CLL commonly demonstrates not only exponential expansion but also logistic growth, which is sigmoidal and reaches a certain steady-state level. Each growth pattern was associated with marked differences in genetic composition, the pace of disease progression and the extent of clonal evolution. In a subset of patients, whose serial samples underwent next-generation sequencing, we found that dynamic changes in the disease course of CLL were shaped by the genetic events that were already present in the early slow-growing stages. Finally, by analysing the growth rates of subclones compared with their parental clones, we quantified the growth advantage conferred by putative CLL drivers in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Clone Cells/drug effects
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Cohort Studies
- Disease Progression
- Evolution, Molecular
- Female
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Recurrence
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Bozic
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Kristen Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Oriol Olive
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reaha Goyetche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes G Reiter
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gerold
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John G Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kanti R Rai
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin A Nowak
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Ott CJ, Federation AJ, Schwartz LS, Kasar S, Klitgaard JL, Lenci R, Li Q, Lawlor M, Fernandes SM, Souza A, Polaski D, Gadi D, Freedman ML, Brown JR, Bradner JE. Enhancer Architecture and Essential Core Regulatory Circuitry of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:982-995.e7. [PMID: 30503705 PMCID: PMC6298230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer profiling is a powerful approach for discovering cis-regulatory elements that define the core transcriptional regulatory circuits of normal and malignant cells. Gene control through enhancer activity is often dominated by a subset of lineage-specific transcription factors. By integrating measures of chromatin accessibility and enrichment for H3K27 acetylation, we have generated regulatory landscapes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) samples and representative cell lines. With super enhancer-based modeling of regulatory circuits and assessments of transcription factor dependencies, we discover that the essential super enhancer factor PAX5 dominates CLL regulatory nodes and is essential for CLL cell survival. Targeting enhancer signaling via BET bromodomain inhibition disrupts super enhancer-dependent gene expression with selective effects on CLL core regulatory circuitry, conferring potent anti-tumor activity.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Azepines/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/drug effects
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- PAX5 Transcription Factor/genetics
- PAX5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St. Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Alexander J Federation
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Logan S Schwartz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St. Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Siddha Kasar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Josephine L Klitgaard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Romina Lenci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Medical School, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Matthew Lawlor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St. Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Souza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donald Polaski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepti Gadi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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29
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Improgo MR, Tesar B, Klitgaard JL, Magori‐Cohen R, Yu L, Kasar S, Chaudhary D, Miao W, Fernandes SM, Hoang K, Westlin WF, Kim HT, Brown JR. MYD88 L265P mutations identify a prognostic gene expression signature and a pathway for targeted inhibition inCLL. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:925-936. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Reina Improgo
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA
| | - Bethany Tesar
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA
| | - Josephine L. Klitgaard
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA
| | - Reuma Magori‐Cohen
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Cambridge MA USA
| | - Lijian Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA
| | - Siddha Kasar
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | - Stacey M. Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
| | - Kevin Hoang
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
| | | | - Haesook T. Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA
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30
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Davids MS, Kim HT, Yu L, De Maeyer G, McDonough M, Vartanov AR, Langey R, Fernandes SM, Hellman JM, Francoeur K, Arnason J, Jacobsen ED, LaCasce AS, Fisher DC, Brown JR. Ofatumumab plus high dose methylprednisolone followed by ofatumumab plus alemtuzumab to achieve maximal cytoreduction prior to allogeneic transplantation for 17p deleted or TP53 mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia .. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:1312-1315. [PMID: 30322319 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1519814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that ofatumumab with sequential methylprednisolone - alemtuzumab would be an effective and tolerable regimen for patients with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with TP53 dysfunction. Thirty CLL patients with TP53 dysfunction (15 treatment naive (TN), 15 relapsed/refractory (R/R)) were enrolled in this phase II study. Therapy included ofatumumab with methylprednisolone for 2-4 monthly cycles, then ofatumumab with alemtuzumab for 4-24 weeks, then allogeneic transplantation or maintenance. The rate of overall response, complete response, marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 80, 13, 80, 53, and 66%, respectively, in TN patients and 68, 0, 54, 25, and 53%, respectively, in R/R patients. Notable grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia and infection in 43 and 40% of patients, respectively. At median follow-up of 45 months, 13 patients died, and 10 patients are alive posttransplant. Overall, we observed high rates of MRD-negativity and acceptable tolerability in high-risk CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Davids
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Haesook T Kim
- b Biostatistics and Computational Biology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Lijian Yu
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Guadalupe De Maeyer
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Mikaela McDonough
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Alexander R Vartanov
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Rachael Langey
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hellman
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Karen Francoeur
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jon Arnason
- c Department of Medical Oncology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eric D Jacobsen
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Ann S LaCasce
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David C Fisher
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- a Departments of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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31
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Liu X, Wang A, Liang X, Liu J, Zou F, Chen C, Zhao Z, Deng Y, Wu H, Qi Z, Wang B, Wang L, Liu F, Xu Y, Wang W, Fernandes SM, Stone RM, Galinsky IA, Brown JR, Loh T, Griffin JD, Zhang S, Weisberg EL, Zhang X, Liu J, Liu Q. Simultaneous inhibition of Vps34 kinase would enhance PI3Kδ inhibitor cytotoxicity in the B-cell malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53515-53525. [PMID: 27447747 PMCID: PMC5288202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3Kδ has been found to be over-expressed in B-Cell-related malignancies. Despite the clinical success of the first selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, CAL-101, inhibition of PI3Kδ itself did not show too much cytotoxic efficacy against cancer cells. One possible reason is that PI3Kδ inhibition induced autophagy that protects the cells from death. Since class III PI3K isoform PIK3C3/Vps34 participates in autophagy initiation and progression, we predicted that a PI3Kδ and Vps34 dual inhibitor might improve the anti-proliferative activity observed for PI3Kδ-targeted inhibitors. We discovered a highly potent ATP-competitive PI3Kδ/Vps34 dual inhibitor, PI3KD/V-IN-01, which displayed 10-1500 fold selectivity over other PI3K isoforms and did not inhibit any other kinases in the kinome. In cells, PI3KD/V-IN-01 showed 30-300 fold selectivity between PI3Kδ and other class I PI3K isoforms. PI3KD/V-IN-01 exhibited better anti-proliferative activity against AML, CLL and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines than known selective PI3Kδ and Vps34 inhibitors. Interestingly, we observed FLT3-ITD AML cells are more sensitive to PI3KD/V-IN-01 than the FLT3 wt expressing cells. In AML cell inoculated xenograft mouse model, PI3KD/V-IN-01 exhibited dose-dependent anti-tumor growth efficacies. These results suggest that dual inhibition of PI3Kδ and Vps34 might be a useful approach to improve the PI3Kδ inhibitor's anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Aoli Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Zou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Deng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Ziping Qi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Beilei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Feiyang Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilene A Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teckpeng Loh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shanchun Zhang
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,Hefei Cosource Medicine Technology Co. Ltd. Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R.China
| | - Ellen L Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230036, P. R. China.,Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
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32
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Liu X, Wang A, Liang X, Chen C, Liu J, Zhao Z, Wu H, Deng Y, Wang L, Wang B, Wu J, Liu F, Fernandes SM, Adamia S, Stone RM, Galinsky IA, Brown JR, Griffin JD, Zhang S, Loh T, Zhang X, Wang W, Weisberg EL, Liu J, Liu Q. Characterization of selective and potent PI3Kδ inhibitor (PI3KDIN- 015) for B-Cell malignances. Oncotarget 2018; 7:32641-51. [PMID: 27081697 PMCID: PMC5078040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3Kδ is predominately expressed in leukocytes and has been found overexpressed in B-cell related malignances such as CLL and AML. We have discovered a highly selective ATP competitive PI3Kd inhibitor PI3KD-IN-015, which exhibits a high selectivity among other PI3K isoforms in both biochemical assays and cellular assay, meanwhile did not inhibit most of other protein kinases in the kinome. PI3KD-IN-015 demonstrates moderately anti-proliferation efficacies against a variety of B-cell related cancer cell lines through down-regulate the PI3K signaling significantly. It induced both apoptosis and autophagy in B-cell malignant cell lines. In addition, combination of autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin could potentiate the moderate anti-proliferation effect of PI3KD-IN-015. PI3KD-IN-015 shows anti-proliferation efficacy against CLL and AML patient primary cells. Collectively, these results indicate that PI3KD-IN-015 may be useful drug candidate for further development of anti-B-cell related malignances therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Aoli Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Deng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Beilei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Feiyang Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophia Adamia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilene A Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shanchun Zhang
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,Hefei Cosource Medicine Technology Co. LTD., Hefei 230031, Anhui, P.R.China
| | - Teckpeng Loh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ellen L Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China.,Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
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33
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Dang A, De Leo S, Bogdanowicz DR, Yuan DJ, Fernandes SM, Brown JR, Lu HH, Kam LC. Enhanced activation and expansion of T cells using mechanically soft elastomer fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 31008184 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Practical deployment of cellular therapies requires effective platforms for producing clinically relevant numbers of high-quality cells. This report introduces a materials-based approach to improving activation and expansion of T cells, which are rapidly emerging as an agent for treating cancer and a range of other diseases. Electrospinning is used to create a mesh of poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers, which is used to present activating ligands to CD3 and CD28, which activate T cells for expansion. Incorporation of poly(dimethyl siloxane) elastomer into the fibers reduces substrate rigidity and enhances expansion of mixed populations of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Intriguingly, this platform also rescues expansion of T cells isolated from CLL patients, which often show limited responsiveness and other features resembling exhaustion. By simplifying the process of cell expansion, compared to current bead-based platforms, and improving T cell expansion, the system introduced here may accelerate development of cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sarah De Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Dennis J Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Helen H Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA,
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34
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Fernandes SM, Pires AR, Matoso P, Ferreira C, Nunes-Cabaço H, Correia L, Valadas E, Poças J, Pacheco P, Veiga-Fernandes H, Foxall RB, Sousa AE. HIV-2 infection is associated with preserved GALT homeostasis and epithelial integrity despite ongoing mucosal viral replication. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:236-248. [PMID: 28513595 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that enable preservation of gut mucosal integrity during persistent viral replication and inherent inflammation remain unclear. Here, we investigated, for the first time, gut homeostasis in HIV-2 infection, a naturally occurring form of attenuated HIV disease. We found viral replication in both sigmoid and ileum of asymptomatic HIV-2+ patients (range: 240-851 circulating CD4+T-cells per μl) despite their undetectable viremia, accompanied by interferon-γ-producing CD8 T-cell expansion, irrespective of antiretroviral treatment. Nevertheless, there was no CD4 T-cell depletion, and Foxp3+ and IL-17- or IL-22-producing CD4 T-cell numbers were unaffected. Moreover, IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells and IL-22-induced antimicrobial peptides and mucins were maintained. In agreement, the epithelium histology was preserved, including tight junction protein zonula occludens (ZO-1) levels. Furthermore, in vitro infection of colon epithelia with primary isolates revealed no HIV-2 impact on ZO-1 expression. Notably, sigmoid transcriptional levels of CCL20 and CCL28 were significantly increased, in direct correlation with GM-CSF, indicating a local response able to enhance CD4 T-cell recruitment. In conclusion, maintenance of mucosal integrity in HIV-2 infection was associated with T-cell recruitment responses, potentially counteracting CD4 T-cell depletion due to HIV-2 replication. These data have unique implications for the design of therapies targeting gut homeostasis in HIV-1 infection and other chronic inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A R Pires
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Matoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Ferreira
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Nunes-Cabaço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Correia
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Valadas
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-EPE, Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Doenças Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Poças
- Serviço de Infecciologia, Hospital de S. Bernardo, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - P Pacheco
- Serviço de Infecciologia, Hospital Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - H Veiga-Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R B Foxall
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A E Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Caires A, Fernandes GS, Leme AM, Castino B, Pessoa EA, Fernandes SM, Fonseca CD, Vattimo MF, Schor N, Borges FT. Endothelin-1 receptor antagonists protect the kidney against the nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine-A in normotensive and hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6373. [PMID: 29267497 PMCID: PMC5731326 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin-A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant associated with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Nephrotoxicity associated with CsA involves the increase in afferent and efferent arteriole resistance, decreased renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor blockade with bosentan (BOS) and macitentan (MAC) antagonists on altered renal function induced by CsA in normotensive and hypertensive animals. Wistar and genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) were separated into control group, CsA group that received intraperitoneal injections of CsA (40 mg/kg) for 15 days, CsA+BOS and CsA+MAC that received CsA and BOS (5 mg/kg) or MAC (25 mg/kg) by gavage for 15 days. Plasma creatinine and urea, mean arterial pressure (MAP), RBF and renal vascular resistance (RVR), and immunohistochemistry for ET-1 in the kidney cortex were measured. CsA decreased renal function, as shown by increased creatinine and urea. There was a decrease in RBF and an increase in MAP and RVR in normotensive and hypertensive animals. These effects were partially reversed by ET-1 antagonists, especially in SHR where increased ET-1 production was observed in the kidney. Most MAC effects were similar to BOS, but BOS seemed to be better at reversing cyclosporine-induced changes in renal function in hypertensive animals. The results of this work suggested the direct participation of ET-1 in renal hemodynamics changes induced by cyclosporin in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The antagonists of ET-1 MAC and BOS reversed part of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caires
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - G S Fernandes
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A M Leme
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Programa Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B Castino
- Programa Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E A Pessoa
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S M Fernandes
- Laboratorio Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C D Fonseca
- Laboratorio Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Enfermagem Clínica e Cirúrgica, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M F Vattimo
- Laboratorio Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N Schor
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F T Borges
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Programa Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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36
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Aw A, Kim HT, Fernandes SM, Hoang K, Kasar S, Faham M, Brown JR. Minimal residual disease detected by immunoglobulin sequencing predicts CLL relapse more effectively than flow cytometry. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1986-1989. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1397664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Aw
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Haesook T. Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Hoang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Malek Faham
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- CLL Center and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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37
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Yang Q, Modi P, Korkut A, Fernandes SM, Hanna J, Brown JR, Gandhi V. Changes in Bcl-2 Family Protein Profile During Idelalisib Therapy Mimic Those During Duvelisib Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Lymphocytes. JCO Precis Oncol 2017; 1:1700025. [PMID: 32913964 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Yang
- , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; , , and , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Prexy Modi
- , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; , , and , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Anil Korkut
- , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; , , and , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; , , and , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - John Hanna
- , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; , , and , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; , , and , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- , , , and , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; , , and , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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38
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Deng J, Isik E, Fernandes SM, Brown JR, Letai A, Davids MS. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition increases BCL-2 dependence and enhances sensitivity to venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:2075-2084. [PMID: 28111464 PMCID: PMC5555835 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has transformed the management of patients with CLL, it does not induce substantial apoptosis in vitro, and as such the mechanisms underlying its ability to kill CLL cells are not well understood. Acalabrutinib, a more specific BTK inhibitor now in development, also appears to be highly effective in CLL, but the connection of its mechanism with CLL cell death is also unclear. Using dynamic BH3 profiling, we analyzed alterations in the function of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway induced by ibrutinib and acalabrutinib. We studied CLL patient samples treated ex vivo with both drugs, as well as primary samples from CLL patients on clinical trials of both drugs. We found that BTK inhibition enhances mitochondrial BCL-2 dependence without significantly altering overall mitochondrial priming. Enhancement of BCL-2 dependence was accompanied by an increase in the pro-apoptotic protein BIM. In contrast, treatment with the selective BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax enhanced overall mitochondrial priming without increasing BCL-2 dependence. Pre-treatment of CLL cells with either BTK inhibitor, whether ex vivo or in vivo in patients, enhanced killing by venetoclax. Our data suggest that BTK inhibition enhances mitochondrial BCL2 dependence, supporting the ongoing development of clinical trials combining BTK and BCL-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Isik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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39
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Kasar S, Kim J, Improgo R, Tiao G, Polak P, Haradhvala N, Lawrence MS, Kiezun A, Fernandes SM, Bahl S, Sougnez C, Gabriel S, Lander ES, Kim HT, Getz G, Brown JR. Whole-genome sequencing reveals activation-induced cytidine deaminase signatures during indolent chronic lymphocytic leukaemia evolution. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8866. [PMID: 26638776 PMCID: PMC4686820 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chromosome 13q deletion or normal cytogenetics represent the majority of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cases, yet have relatively few driver mutations. To better understand their genomic landscape, here we perform whole-genome sequencing on a cohort of patients enriched with these cytogenetic characteristics. Mutations in known CLL drivers are seen in only 33% of this cohort, and associated with normal cytogenetics and unmutated IGHV. The most commonly mutated gene in our cohort, IGLL5, shows a mutational pattern suggestive of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity. Unsupervised analysis of mutational signatures demonstrates the activities of canonical AID (c-AID), leading to clustered mutations near active transcriptional start sites; non-canonical AID (nc-AID), leading to genome-wide non-clustered mutations, and an ageing signature responsible for most mutations. Using mutation clonality to infer time of onset, we find that while ageing and c-AID activities are ongoing, nc-AID-associated mutations likely occur earlier in tumour evolution. The oncogenic events driving indolent chronic lymphocytic leukaemia are relatively unknown. Here, the authors perform whole genome sequencing on 30 such tumours and identify recurrent mutations in IGLL5 and two activation induced cytidine deaminase signatures that are operative at different stages of CLL evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kasar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - J Kim
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - R Improgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - G Tiao
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - P Polak
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - N Haradhvala
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - M S Lawrence
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - A Kiezun
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - S M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - S Bahl
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - C Sougnez
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - S Gabriel
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - E S Lander
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - H T Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - G Getz
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - J R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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40
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Jesus G, Fernandes SM, Alvarez A, Gouveia J, Bento H, França C. Enteral nutrition on intensive care unit: a protocol based approach. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798315 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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41
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Pires J, Ledo L, Jesus G, Ferreira F, Santos V, Madaleno C, Victorino RMM, Fernandes SM. Severe sepsis admitted through the emergency department to an internal medicine ward: time to antibiotic and its factors (retrospective cohort study). Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4797344 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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42
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Mejia P, Diez-Silva M, Kamena F, Lu F, Fernandes SM, Seeberger PH, Davis AE, Mitchell JR. Human C1-Inhibitor Suppresses Malaria Parasite Invasion and Cytoadhesion via Binding to Parasite Glycosylphosphatidylinositol and Host Cell Receptors. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:80-9. [PMID: 26347576 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum-induced severe malaria remains a continuing problem in areas of endemicity, with elevated morbidity and mortality. Drugs targeting mechanisms involved in severe malaria pathology, including cytoadhesion of infected red blood cells (RBCs) to host receptors and production of proinflammatory cytokines, are still necessary. Human C1-inhibitor (C1INH) is a multifunctional protease inhibitor that regulates coagulation, vascular permeability, and inflammation, with beneficial effects in inflammatory disease models, including septic shock. We found that human C1INH, at therapeutically relevant doses, blocks severe malaria pathogenic processes by 2 distinct mechanisms. First, C1INH bound to glycan moieties within P. falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositol (PfGPI) molecules on the parasite surface, inhibiting parasite RBC invasion and proinflammatory cytokine production by parasite-stimulated monocytes in vitro and reducing parasitemia in a rodent model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in vivo. Second, C1INH bound to host CD36 and chondroitin sulfate A molecules, interfering with cytoadhesion of infected RBCs by competitive binding to these receptors in vitro and reducing sequestration in specific tissues and protecting against ECM in vivo. This study reveals that C1INH is a potential therapeutic antimalarial molecule able to interfere with severe-disease etiology at multiple levels through specific interactions with both parasite PfGPIs and host cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mejia
- Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
| | - Monica Diez-Silva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Faustin Kamena
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengxin Lu
- Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
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43
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Wu H, Hu C, Wang A, Weisberg EL, Chen Y, Yun CH, Wang W, Liu Y, Liu X, Tian B, Wang J, Zhao Z, Liang Y, Li B, Wang L, Wang B, Chen C, Buhrlage SJ, Qi Z, Zou F, Nonami A, Li Y, Fernandes SM, Adamia S, Stone RM, Galinsky IA, Wang X, Yang G, Griffin JD, Brown JR, Eck MJ, Liu J, Gray NS, Liu Q. Discovery of a BTK/MNK dual inhibitor for lymphoma and leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 30:173-81. [PMID: 26165234 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) kinase is a member of the TEC kinase family and is a key regulator of the B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling pathway. It is important for B-cell maturation, proliferation, survival and metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of BTK is clinically effective against a variety of B-cell malignances, such as mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and activated B-cell-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. MNK kinase is one of the key downstream regulators in the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and controls protein synthesis via regulating the activity of eIF4E. Inhibition of MNK activity has been observed to moderately inhibit the proliferation of AML cells. Through a structure-based drug-design approach, we have discovered a selective and potent BTK/MNK dual kinase inhibitor (QL-X-138), which exhibits covalent binding to BTK and noncovalent binding to MNK. Compared with the BTK kinase inhibitor (PCI-32765) and the MNK kinase inhibitor (cercosporamide), QL-X-138 enhanced the antiproliferative efficacies in vitro against a variety of B-cell cancer cell lines, as well as AML and CLL primary patient cells, which respond moderately to BTK inhibitor in vitro. The agent can effectively arrest the growth of lymphoma and leukemia cells at the G0-G1 stage and can induce strong apoptotic cell death. These primary results demonstrate that simultaneous inhibition of BTK and MNK kinase activity might be a new therapeutic strategy for B-cell malignances.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - C Hu
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - A Wang
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - E L Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C-H Yun
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Wang
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Liu
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - B Tian
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Zhao
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Li
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Wang
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - B Wang
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Chen
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S J Buhrlage
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Qi
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - F Zou
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - A Nonami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Adamia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I A Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - G Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M J Eck
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Liu
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - N S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Liu
- High Magnetic Field laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, P. R. China.,Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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44
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Landau DA, Clement K, Ziller MJ, Boyle P, Fan J, Gu H, Stevenson K, Sougnez C, Wang L, Li S, Kotliar D, Zhang W, Ghandi M, Garraway L, Fernandes SM, Livak KJ, Gabriel S, Gnirke A, Lander ES, Brown JR, Neuberg D, Kharchenko PV, Hacohen N, Getz G, Meissner A, Wu CJ. Locally disordered methylation forms the basis of intratumor methylome variation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:813-825. [PMID: 25490447 PMCID: PMC4302418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity plays a critical role in tumor evolution. To define the contribution of DNA methylation to heterogeneity within tumors, we performed genome-scale bisulfite sequencing of 104 primary chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs). Compared with 26 normal B cell samples, CLLs consistently displayed higher intrasample variability of DNA methylation patterns across the genome, which appears to arise from stochastically disordered methylation in malignant cells. Transcriptome analysis of bulk and single CLL cells revealed that methylation disorder was linked to low-level expression. Disordered methylation was further associated with adverse clinical outcome. We therefore propose that disordered methylation plays a similar role to that of genetic instability, enhancing the ability of cancer cells to search for superior evolutionary trajectories.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CpG Islands
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Genetic Variation
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sulfites/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan A Landau
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kendell Clement
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Ziller
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Jean Fan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Kristen Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Lili Wang
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Fluidigm, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dylan Kotliar
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Levi Garraway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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45
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Brown JR, Messmer B, Werner L, Davids MS, Mikler E, Supko JG, Fisher DC, LaCasce AS, Armand P, Jacobsen E, Dalton V, Tesar B, Fernandes SM, McDonough S, Ritz J, Rassenti L, Kipps TJ, Neuberg D, Freedman AS. A phase I study of escalated dose subcutaneous alemtuzumab given weekly with rituximab in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Haematologica 2013; 98:964-70. [PMID: 23645694 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.086207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the safety and preliminary efficacy of escalated dose subcutaneous alemtuzumab in combination with rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Twenty-eight patients with relapsed refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia were treated on four dosing cohorts of weekly rituximab at 375 mg/m(2) and alemtuzumab doses that started at 30 mg three times per week and escalated to weekly dosing over four weeks, culminating with 90 mg weekly. One dose limiting toxicity of a rituximab infusion reaction was seen in cohort 2, but the regimen was otherwise well tolerated without evidence of differential toxicity by cohort. The overall response rate by National Cancer Institute-Working Group criteria was 61%, and the rate of complete bone marrow response was 43%, most of whom were negative for minimal residual disease. The addition of CT scan evaluation per International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 2008 criteria reduced the overall response rate to 14%. Median overall survival was 35 months, with 12 patients able to proceed to stem cell transplantation. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that chronic lymphocytic leukemia involving more than 80% of the bone marrow at study start was associated with lower trough concentrations of alemtuzumab and rituximab, and that higher trough serum concentrations of alemtuzumab were associated with complete bone marrow clearance. We conclude that escalated subcutaneous doses of alemtuzumab given weekly are well tolerated and result in excellent bone marrow clearance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, helping patients to proceed to stem cell transplantation. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier:00330252).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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46
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Brown JR, Hanna M, Tesar B, Werner L, Pochet N, Asara JM, Wang YE, Dal Cin P, Fernandes SM, Thompson C, Macconaill L, Wu CJ, Van de Peer Y, Correll M, Regev A, Neuberg D, Freedman AS. Integrative genomic analysis implicates gain of PIK3CA at 3q26 and MYC at 8q24 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3791-802. [PMID: 22623730 PMCID: PMC3719990 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The disease course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) varies significantly within cytogenetic groups. We hypothesized that high-resolution genomic analysis of CLL would identify additional recurrent abnormalities associated with short time-to-first therapy (TTFT). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We undertook high-resolution genomic analysis of 161 prospectively enrolled CLLs using Affymetrix 6.0 SNP arrays, and integrated analysis of this data set with gene expression profiles. RESULTS Copy number analysis (CNA) of nonprogressive CLL reveals a stable genotype, with a median of only 1 somatic CNA per sample. Progressive CLL with 13q deletion was associated with additional somatic CNAs, and a greater number of CNAs was predictive of TTFT. We identified other recurrent CNAs associated with short TTFT: 8q24 amplification focused on the cancer susceptibility locus near MYC in 3.7%; 3q26 amplifications focused on PIK3CA in 5.6%; and 8p deletions in 5% of patients. Sequencing of MYC further identified somatic mutations in two CLLs. We determined which catalytic subunits of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were in active complex with the p85 regulatory subunit and showed enrichment for the α subunit in three CLLs carrying PIK3CA amplification. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate amplifications of 3q26 focused on PIK3CA and 8q24 focused on MYC in CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Duplication
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, myc/genetics
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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47
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Lu F, Fernandes SM, Davis AE. The effect of C1 inhibitor on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Pathol 2012; 22:75-80. [PMID: 22705194 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the complement system has been demonstrated to be an important mechanism in the mediation of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MIR) injury. C1 inhibitor (C1INH) has been shown to be beneficial in experimental MIR models. The underlying mechanism of this effect has been assumed to result primarily from inhibition of complement system activation. We recently demonstrated that C1INH plays a direct role in suppression of leukocyte transmigration in the mouse intestinal ischemia and reperfusion model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the beneficial effect of C1INH in mouse MIR model. METHODS C57BL/6, C1INH-deficient (C1INH(-/-)), and C3-deficient mice (C3(-/-)) were subjected to 30-min (C57BL/6 and C1INH(-/-)) or 60-min (C3(-/-)) occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery followed by 4-h reperfusion. C1INH or reactive center cleaved inactive C1INH (iC1INH) was injected intravenously 5 min before reperfusion. RESULTS Myocardial infarct size relative to the area at risk or relative to left ventricular area was significantly reduced in C1INH-treated wild-type, C1INH(-/-), and C3(-/-) mice compared with vehicle-treated mice. MIR induced an increase in myocardial polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation and plasma cardiac specific troponin I levels in vehicle-treated MIR mice, while C1INH treatment significantly attenuated these effects. iC1INH had a similar protective effect. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that C1INH prevented MIR injury in mice and that this cardioprotective effect may not solely result from complement inhibition, but might be also contributed by inhibiting leukocyte recruitment into ischemic tissue, an effect that is not mediated via protease inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxin Lu
- Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abe Y, Aberle C, Akiri T, dos Anjos JC, Ardellier F, Barbosa AF, Baxter A, Bergevin M, Bernstein A, Bezerra TJC, Bezrukhov L, Blucher E, Bongrand M, Bowden NS, Buck C, Busenitz J, Cabrera A, Caden E, Camilleri L, Carr R, Cerrada M, Chang PJ, Chimenti P, Classen T, Collin AP, Conover E, Conrad JM, Cormon S, Crespo-Anadón JI, Cribier M, Crum K, Cucoanes A, D'Agostino MV, Damon E, Dawson JV, Dazeley S, Dierckxsens M, Dietrich D, Djurcic Z, Dracos M, Durand V, Efremenko Y, Elnimr M, Endo Y, Etenko A, Falk E, Fallot M, Fechner M, von Feilitzsch F, Felde J, Fernandes SM, Franco D, Franke AJ, Franke M, Furuta H, Gama R, Gil-Botella I, Giot L, Göger-Neff M, Gonzalez LFG, Goodman MC, Goon JTM, Greiner D, Guillon B, Haag N, Hagner C, Hara T, Hartmann FX, Hartnell J, Haruna T, Haser J, Hatzikoutelis A, Hayakawa T, Hofmann M, Horton-Smith GA, Ishitsuka M, Jochum J, Jollet C, Jones CL, Kaether F, Kalousis L, Kamyshkov Y, Kaplan DM, Kawasaki T, Keefer G, Kemp E, de Kerret H, Kibe Y, Konno T, Kryn D, Kuze M, Lachenmaier T, Lane CE, Langbrandtner C, Lasserre T, Letourneau A, Lhuillier D, Lima HP, Lindner M, Liu Y, López-Castanõ JM, LoSecco JM, Lubsandorzhiev BK, Lucht S, McKee D, Maeda J, Maesano CN, Mariani C, Maricic J, Martino J, Matsubara T, Mention G, Meregaglia A, Miletic T, Milincic R, Milzstajn A, Miyata H, Motta D, Mueller TA, Nagasaka Y, Nakajima K, Novella P, Obolensky M, Oberauer L, Onillon A, Osborn A, Ostrovskiy I, Palomares C, Peeters SJM, Pepe IM, Perasso S, Perrin P, Pfahler P, Porta A, Potzel W, Queval R, Reichenbacher J, Reinhold B, Remoto A, Reyna D, Röhling M, Roth S, Rubin HA, Sakamoto Y, Santorelli R, Sato F, Schönert S, Schoppmann S, Schwan U, Schwetz T, Shaevitz MH, Shrestha D, Sida JL, Sinev V, Skorokhvatov M, Smith E, Spitz J, Stahl A, Stancu I, Strait M, Stüken A, Suekane F, Sukhotin S, Sumiyoshi T, Sun Y, Sun Z, Svoboda R, Tabata H, Tamura N, Terao K, Tonazzo A, Toups M, Trinh Thi HH, Veyssiere C, Wagner S, Watanabe H, White B, Wiebusch C, Winslow L, Worcester M, Wurm M, Yanovitch E, Yermia F, Zbiri K, Zimmer V. Indication of reactor ν(e) disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:131801. [PMID: 22540693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Double Chooz experiment presents an indication of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. An observed-to-predicted ratio of events of 0.944±0.016(stat)±0.040(syst) was obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France, with two 4.25 GW(th) reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10 m(3) fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 flux measurement after correction for differences in core composition. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a nonzero value of the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter sin(2)2θ(13). Analyzing both the rate of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum, we find sin(2)2θ(13)=0.086±0.041(stat)±0.030(syst), or, at 90% C.L., 0.017<sin(2)2θ(13)<0.16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abe
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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Wang L, Lawrence MS, Wan Y, Stojanov P, Sougnez C, Stevenson K, Werner L, Sivachenko A, DeLuca DS, Zhang L, Zhang W, Vartanov AR, Fernandes SM, Goldstein NR, Folco EG, Cibulskis K, Tesar B, Sievers QL, Shefler E, Gabriel S, Hacohen N, Reed R, Meyerson M, Golub TR, Lander ES, Neuberg D, Brown JR, Getz G, Wu CJ. SF3B1 and other novel cancer genes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:2497-506. [PMID: 22150006 PMCID: PMC3685413 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1109016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 845] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The somatic genetic basis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a common and clinically heterogeneous leukemia occurring in adults, remains poorly understood. METHODS We obtained DNA samples from leukemia cells in 91 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and performed massively parallel sequencing of 88 whole exomes and whole genomes, together with sequencing of matched germline DNA, to characterize the spectrum of somatic mutations in this disease. RESULTS Nine genes that are mutated at significant frequencies were identified, including four with established roles in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (TP53 in 15% of patients, ATM in 9%, MYD88 in 10%, and NOTCH1 in 4%) and five with unestablished roles (SF3B1, ZMYM3, MAPK1, FBXW7, and DDX3X). SF3B1, which functions at the catalytic core of the spliceosome, was the second most frequently mutated gene (with mutations occurring in 15% of patients). SF3B1 mutations occurred primarily in tumors with deletions in chromosome 11q, which are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We further discovered that tumor samples with mutations in SF3B1 had alterations in pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing. CONCLUSIONS Our study defines the landscape of somatic mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and highlights pre-mRNA splicing as a critical cellular process contributing to chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Cancer Vaccine Center and the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lu F, Fernandes SM, Davis AE. The role of the complement and contact systems in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis model: the effect of C1 inhibitor in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G878-83. [PMID: 20338925 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00400.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The complement and contact systems may be involved in the pathophysiological process of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C1 inhibitor (C1INH) is the most important inhibitor of both the complement and contact systems. We evaluated the role of these systems and the effect of both active and inactive forms of C1INH (iC1INH) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Three percent DSS was used in drinking water to induce colitis in complement C3-deficient (C3(-/-)) mice, bradykinin type 2 receptor deficient (Bk(2)R(-/-)) mice, and C57BL/6 mice. After ten days DSS exposure, C3(-/-) mice exhibited markedly less weight loss than wild-type (WT) mice (12 +/- 3.3% vs. 30 +/- 1.2%, P < 0.05) and developed a milder disease-activity index (DAI), histological score, colon shortening, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) elevation (P < 0.05, respectively). The Bk(2)R(-/-) mice were not protected from the disease. Seven-day treatment with either native C1INH or iC1INH reduced the severity of the disease in WT mice, as indicated by decreased weight loss (15 +/- 1.8%, 14 +/- 2.1% vs. 30 +/- 1.2%, P < 0.05, respectively), DAI, intestinal tissue damage, and MPO elevation compared with untreated WT DSS control mice (P < 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that complement plays a role in the development of DSS-induced colitis and that blockade of the complement system might be useful for the acute phase of IBD treatment. C1INH, however, leads to an amelioration of DSS-induced colitis via a mechanism that does not involve the inhibition of complement or contact system activation but does result in significant suppression of leukocyte infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxin Lu
- Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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