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El-Sheekh MM, Yousuf WE, Mohamed TM, Kenawy ER. Synergistic antimicrobial action of nanocellulose, nanoselenium, and nanocomposite against pathogenic microorganisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131737. [PMID: 38657940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge in curiosity regarding the application of biopolymer-derived nanomaterials, primarily attributable to their extensive array of potential applications. In this study, nanocellulose was extracted from algae, biomolecule substances synthesized selenium nanoparticles, and a simple nanocomposite of nanocellulose and nanoselenium was elaborated using nanocellulose as a reducing agent under hydrothermal conditions. These nanocomposite materials have markedly improved properties at low concentrations. Our obtained polymers were characterized using techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron microscopic (TEM), Zeta Potential and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The size of nanocellulose, nanoselenium, and nanocomposite ranged from 35 to 85 nm. Antimicrobial investigation of the prepared nanopolymers was tested against Gram-negative bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli ATCC8739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 90274 and fungi such as Candida albicans ATCC 10221 besides Aspergillus fumigatus. In antibacterial action tests, nanoselenium showed significant efficacy against Bacillus subtilis with a 12 mm zone of inhibition, while the nanocomposite eclipsed all microorganisms. Nanocellulose and the nanocomposite were potent against Staphylococcus aureus (14 mm and 16 mm zones of inhibition, respectively). The nanocomposite showed potential against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm and 15 mm zones of inhibition, respectively). All polymers effectively inhibited Candida albicans growth (18 mm for the nanocomposite). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for three polymers have also been established. While nanocellulose displayed a MIC of 62.5 μg/ml in contradiction to Staphylococcus aureus, nanoselenium demonstrated a significant MIC of 3.95 μg/ml against Bacillus subtilis. These findings highlight the potential of the nanocomposite (nanocellulose-nanoselenium) as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Wesam E Yousuf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Nawar NF, Beltagy DM, Mohamed TM, Tousson E, El-Keey MM. Ameliorative anti-coagulant, anti-oxidative and anti-ferroptotic activities of nanocurcumin and donepezil on coagulation, oxidation and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae054. [PMID: 38617712 PMCID: PMC11007267 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is a neurological condition that worsens over time and is characterized by the buildup of amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the brain parenchyma. Neuroprotection and cholinesterase inhibition have been the two primary techniques used in the creation of medications to date. In ad, a novel sort of programmed cell death known as ferroptosis takes place along with iron buildup, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione deficiency. The objective of the current investigation was to examine the neuroprotective and anti-ferroptotic role of nanocurcumin and Donepezil against model of aluminum chloride AlCl3 and D-galactose induced ad. The experiment was performed on 70 rats divided into (G1: control, G2: NCMN, G3: Donepezil, G4: ad-model, G5: Donepezil co-treatment, G6: NCMN co-treatment and G7: NCMN+Donepezil co-treatment). Hematological parameters and biochemical investigations as oxidative stress, liver function, kidney function, iron profile and plasma fibrinogen were evaluated. Treatment with Nanocurcumin alone or in combination with Donepezil improved oxidative stress, liver functions, and kidney functions, improve iron profile and decreased plasma fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat F Nawar
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Doha M Beltagy
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mai M El-Keey
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Youssef MAM, Mohamed TM, Bakry AA, El-Keiy MM. Synergistic effect of spermidine and ciprofloxacin against Alzheimer's disease in male rat via ferroptosis modulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130387. [PMID: 38401586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathophysiology that remains not fully understood, and the exact mechanism of neurodegeneration is uncertain. Ferroptosis has been linked to the progression of degenerative diseases observed in AD models. The present study is designed to investigate the protective effects of spermidine, a potent antioxidant and iron chelator, and its synergistic interactions with ciprofloxacin, another iron chelator, in modulating ferroptosis and mitigating AD progression in rats. This study investigated AD-related biomarkers like neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ), arginase I, and serotonin. Spermidine demonstrated an anti-ferroptotic effect in the AD model, evident from the modulation of ferroptosis parameters such as hippocampus iron levels, reduced protein expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). Additionally, the administration of spermidine led to a significant increase in protein expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (p-Nrf2) and upregulation of Cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11) gene expression. Moreover, spermidine notably decreased p53 protein levels, acrolein, and gene expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). Overall, our findings suggest that spermidine and/or ciprofloxacin may offer potential benefits against AD by modulating ferroptosis. Furthermore, spermidine enhanced the antioxidant efficacy of ciprofloxacin and reduced its toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Azza A Bakry
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai M El-Keiy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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El-Demerdash FM, Al Mhanna AB, El-Sayed RA, Mohamed TM, Salem MM. Hepatoprotective impact of Nigella sativa silver nanocomposite against genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation induced by thioacetamide. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102332. [PMID: 38367325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Protection from liver damage and the repercussion of that harm is thought to be crucial for reducing the number of deaths each year. This work was developed to evaluate the possible role of silver nanocomposite prepared using Nigella sativa (N. sativa) aqueous extract against the hepatic damage brought on by thioacetamide (TAA), with particular attention to how they affect the NF-κβ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2 signaling pathways. There were seven groups of male Wistar rats used as follows: control, saline, N. sativa aqueous extract (NSAE; 200 mg/kg/d), N. sativa silver nanocomposite (NS-AgNC; 0.25 mg/kg/d), TAA (100 mg/kg; thrice weekly), NSAE + TTA, and NS-AgNC + TAA, respectively. The experiment continued for six weeks. The results showed that NS-AgNPs significantly enhanced liver functions (p<0.05) (albumin, ALP, LDH, AST, total protein, ALT, and globulin) and oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers (p<0.05) (H2O2, MDA, PCC, NO, SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST and, GSH), contrasted with TAA group. Moreover, a significant (p<0.05) downregulation of the gene expressions (COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κβ) was also achieved by using silver nanocomposite therapy. These findings have been supported by histological analysis. Collectively, NS-AgNC exhibits more prominent and well-recognized protective impacts than NSAE in modulating the anti-inflammatory, genotoxicity and oxidative stress effects against TAA-induced liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ansam B Al Mhanna
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Raghda A El-Sayed
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31257, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Salem
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31257, Tanta, Egypt.
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Beltagy DM, Nawar NF, Mohamed TM, Tousson E, El-Keey MM. The synergistic effect of nanocurcumin and donepezil on Alzheimer's via PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway modulating. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 170:106791. [PMID: 37918555 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks include amyloid-βeta (Aβ) and tau proteins aggregates, neurite degeneration, microglial activation with cognitive impairment. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/Glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (PI3K/AKT/GSK-3) pathway is essential for neuroprotection, cell survival and proliferation by blocking apoptosis. This study aimed to assess protective role of nanocurcumin (NCMN) as strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with elucidating its synergistic effects with Donepezil as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor on AD in rats via modulating PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. The experiment was performed on 70 male Wistar albino rats divided into seven groups (control, NCMN, Donepezil, AD-model, Donepezil co-treatment, NCMN only co-treatment, and NCMN+Donepezil combined treatment). Behavioral and biochemical investigations as cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, superoxidedismutase, and catalase), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Tau, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1), Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK-1), Glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3β) and toll-like receptor-4 were evaluated. Treatment with NCMN improved memory, locomotion, neuronal differentiation by activating PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. These results were confirmed by histological studies in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha M Beltagy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt.
| | - Nagat F Nawar
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Mai M El-Keey
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
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Atta A, Salem MM, El-Said KS, Mohamed TM. Mechanistic role of quercetin as inhibitor for adenosine deaminase enzyme in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:14. [PMID: 38225555 PMCID: PMC10790468 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving T and B lymphocytes. Autoantibodies contribute to joint deterioration and worsening symptoms. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme in purine metabolism, influences adenosine levels and joint inflammation. Inhibiting ADA could impact RA progression. Intracellular ATP breakdown generates adenosine, which increases in hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Lymphocytes with ADA play a role in RA. Inhibiting lymphocytic ADA activity has an immune-regulatory effect. Synovial fluid levels of ADA are closely associated with the disease's systemic activity, making it a useful parameter for evaluating joint inflammation. Flavonoids, such as quercetin (QUE), are natural substances that can inhibit ADA activity. QUE demonstrates immune-regulatory effects and restores T-cell homeostasis, making it a promising candidate for RA therapy. In this review, we will explore the impact of QUE in suppressing ADA and reducing produced the inflammation in RA, including preclinical investigations and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Atta
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Maha M Salem
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Karim Samy El-Said
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Abosharaf HA, Elsonbaty Y, Tousson E, M Mohamed T. Alzheimer's disease-related brain insulin resistance and the prospective therapeutic impact of metformin. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13356. [PMID: 37985011 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Besides COVID-19, two of the most critical outbreaks of our day are insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each disease's pathophysiology is well established. Furthermore, a substantial overlap between them has coexisted. Uncertainty remains on whether T2DM and AD are parallel illnesses with the same origin or separate illnesses linked through violent pathways. The current study was aimed at testing whether the insulin resistance in the brain results in AD symptoms or not. Insulin resistance was induced in the brains of rats using a single intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) dose. We then measured glucose, insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2), amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, and tau phosphorylation in the brain to look for signs of insulin resistance and AD. The results of this study indicated that a single dose of STZ was able to induce insulin resistance in the brain and significantly decline IRS-2. This resistance was accompanied by obvious memory loss, Aβ deposition, and tau phosphorylation, further visible diminishing in neurotransmitters such as dopamine and acetylcholine. Furthermore, oxidative stress was increased due to the antioxidant system being compromised. Interestingly, the pancreas injury and peripheral insulin resistance coexisted with brain insulin resistance. Indeed, the antidiabetic metformin was able to enhance all these drastic effects. In conclusion, brain insulin resistance could lead to AD and vice versa. These are highly linked syndromes that could influence peripheral organs. Further studies are required to stabilize this putative pathobiology relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A Abosharaf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Elsonbaty
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Hamed A, Ghareeb D, Mohamed TM, Hamed M, Nofal MS, Gaber M. Caffeine-folic acid-loaded-chitosan nanoparticles combined with methotrexate as a novel HepG2 immunotherapy targeting adenosine A2A receptor downstream cascade. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:384. [PMID: 37891562 PMCID: PMC10604858 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is a common chemotherapeutic drug that inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis. Treatment with MTX increased CD73 expression, which leads to higher levels of extracellular adenosine. Adenosine levels are also high in the tumor microenvironment through Cancer cells metabolism. That promotes the survival of cancer cells and contributes to tumor immune evasion through the Adenosine 2a Receptor. A2A receptor antagonists are an emerging class of agents that treat cancers by enhancing immunotherapy, both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutic agents. Caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of a novel well prepared and characterized nano formula CAF-FA-CS-NPs (D4) for A2aR blockade when combination with MTX to improve its antitumor efficacy by enhancing the immune system and eliminating immune suppression. METHODS CAF-FA-CS-NPs (D4) were prepared and characterized for particle size, loading efficiency, and release profile. Molecular docking was used to validate the binding affinity of caffeine and folic acid to A2A receptor. The effects of the nano formula were evaluated on human liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and MDA-MB-231, as well as normal human cells (WI-38). Different combination ratios of MTX and D4 were studied to identify the optimal combination for further genetic studies. RESULTS Molecular docking results validated that caffeine and folic acid have binding affinity to A2A receptor. The CS-NPs were successfully prepared using ionic gelation method, with caffeine and folic acid being loaded and conjugated to the nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions. The CAF loading capacity in D4 was 77.9 ± 4.37% with an encapsulation efficiency of 98.5 ± 0.37. The particle size was optimized through ratio variations. The resulting nanoparticles were fully characterized. The results showed that (D4) had antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against different cancer cells. The combination of D4 with MTX (IC50 D4 + 0.5 IC50 MTX) resulted in the downregulation of Bcl-2, FOXP3, CD39, and CD73 gene expression levels and upregulation of Bax and A2AR gene expression levels in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that CAF-FA-CS-NPs (D4) in combination with MTX may be a promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy, by inhibiting A2aR signaling and leading to improved immune activation and anti-tumor activity of MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Hamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Nofal
- Center of Excellency for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M Gaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Khalil SM, Eltaramsy A, Hegazi MM, Mohamed TM, Alwasel S, Salem ML. Time-dependent changes in the glycolytic pathway in activated T cells are independent of tumor burden or anti-cancer chemotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110622. [PMID: 37451014 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Although activated adoptive T cells therapy (ATC) is an effective approach for cancer treatment, it is not clear how modulation of T cell activation impacts their biochemical signature which significantly impacts the cell function. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of polyclonal activation on the metabolic signature of T cells from tumor-bearing mice under different settings of treatment with chemotherapy. Thirty female Swiss albino mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/each), Gp1(PBS), groups Gp2 were inoculated intraperitoneal (i.p) with 1 × 106 cells/mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), Gp3-Gp5 were treated with cisplatin (20 mg/mice) which were represented as EAC/CIS/1wk Or EAC/CIS/2wk 3 times every other day. Splenocytes were cultured in or presence of concanavalin-A (Con-A) and IL-2 for 24 h or 72 h, then cells were harvested, and processed to determine the enzyme activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) enzymes. The results showed that before culture, T cells harvested from EAC/PBS/1wk of mice or inoculated with EAC/CIS/1wk showed higher activity in HK, PFK, LDH, and G6PH as compared to naive T cells. After 24, and 72 h of culture and activation, the enzyme activities in T cells harvested from EAC/CIS/2wk mice or EAC/CIS/3wk mice decreased compared with their control. The late stage of the tumor without chemotherapy gives a low glycolic rate. In late activation, naive and early stages of the tumor with chemotherapy can give high glycolic metabolism. These results show great significance as an application of adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila M Khalil
- Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Eltaramsy
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona M Hegazi
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Egypt.
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El-Sheekh MM, Yousuf WE, Kenawy ER, Mohamed TM. Biosynthesis of cellulose from Ulva lactuca, manufacture of nanocellulose and its application as antimicrobial polymer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10188. [PMID: 37349573 PMCID: PMC10287754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Green nanotechnology has recently been recognized as a more proper and safer tool for medical applications thanks to its natural reductions with low toxicity and avoidance of injurious chemicals. The macroalgal biomass was used for nanocellulose biosynthesis. Algae are abundant in the environment and have a high content of cellulose. In our study, we extracted parent cellulose from Ulva lactuca where consecutive treatments extracted cellulose to obtain an insoluble fraction rich in cellulose. The extracted cellulose has the same results obtained by matching it with reference cellulose, especially the same Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis peaks. Nanocellulose was synthesized from extracted cellulose with hydrolysis by sulfuric acid. Nanocellulose was examined by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shown by a slab-like region as Fig. 4a and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) to examine the chemical composition. The size of nanocellulose in the range of 50 nm is calculated by XRD analysis. Antibacterial examination of nanocellulose was tested against Gram+ bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Klebsiella pneumonia (ST627), and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) to give 4.06, 4.66, 4.93 and 4.43 cm as respectively. Comparing the antibacterial effect of nanocellulose with some antibiotics and estimating minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of nanocellulose. We tested the influence of cellulose and nanocellulose on some fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. These results demonstrate that nanocellulose could be developed as an excellent solution to these challenges, making nanocellulose extracted from natural algae a very important medical material that is compatible with sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Wesam E Yousuf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Ragab EM, El Gamal DM, Mohamed TM, Khamis AA. Impairment of electron transport chain and induction of apoptosis by chrysin nanoparticles targeting succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase in pancreatic and lung cancer cells. Genes Nutr 2023; 18:4. [PMID: 36906524 PMCID: PMC10008604 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids may help ameliorate the incidence of the major causes of tumor-related mortality, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and lung cancer, which are predicted to steadily increase between 2020 to 2030. Here we compared the effect of chrysin and chrysin nanoparticles (CCNPs) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FLU) on the activity and expression of mitochondrial complex II (CII) to induce apoptosis in pancreatic (PANC-1) and lung (A549) cancer cells. METHODS Chrysin nanoparticles (CCNPs) were synthesized and characterized, and the IC50 was evaluated in normal, PANC-1, and A549 cell lines using the MTT assay. The effect of chrysin and CCNPs on CΙΙ activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and mitochondria swelling were evaluated. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry, and expression of the C and D subunits of SDH, sirtuin-3 (SIRT-3), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) was evaluated using RT-qPCR. RESULTS The IC50 of CII subunit C and D binding to chrysin was determined and used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment on the activity of SDH with ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Enzyme activity was significantly decreased (chrysin < CCNPs < 5-FLU and CCNPs < chrysin < 5-FLU, respectively), which was confirmed by the significant decrease of expression of SDH C and D, SIRT-3, and HIF-1α mRNA (CCNPs < chrysin < 5-FLU). There was also a significant increase in the apoptotic effects (CCNPs > chrysin > 5-FLU) in both PANC-1 and A549 cells and a significant increase in mitochondria swelling (CCNPs < chrysin < 5-FLU and CCNPs > chrysin > 5-FLU, respectively) than that in non-cancerous cells. CONCLUSION Treatment with CCNPs improved the effect of chrysin on succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity and expression and therefore has the potential as a more efficient formulation than chemotherapy to prevent metastasis and angiogenesis by targeting HIF-1α in PDAC and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Ragab
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Doaa M El Gamal
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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El-Masry EH, Mohamed TM, Metwally SS. Post-irradiation physicochemical features of polymer composite for the removal of Co(II) and Nd(III) from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:11661-11674. [PMID: 36098920 PMCID: PMC9898403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The scientific impact of this work is the protection of the environment from hazardous pollutants. Gamma irradiation was employed for the preparation of a new composite polymer by irradiating a mixture containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and tannic acid (TA) to produce PVP-HEMA-TA. The sorption efficiency and capacity of PVP-HEMA-TA were evaluated by studying some factors affecting the sorption of Nd(III) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions. The results demonstrated that the maximum uptake was 92.4 and 75.3% for Nd(III) and Co(II), respectively. From the kinetic studies, the pseudo-second-order equation could better fit the data than the pseudo-first-order for the sorption of both ions. The sorption isotherm investigations illustrated that the Langmuir equation fits the gained data better than Freundlich equation. The Langmuir capacity was 64.5 and 60.8 mg/g for neodymium and cobalt ions, respectively. The applicability of Langmuir equation is strong evidence that the process is limited by a chemisorption mechanism. Findings of the work highlight the potential utilization of PVP-HEMA-TA as an effective and recyclable material for the elimination of Nd(III) and Co(II) from the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H El-Masry
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Hot Labs. Center, Cairo, Post Code 13759, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed S Metwally
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Hot Labs. Center, Cairo, Post Code 13759, Egypt.
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Ishimura R, El-Gowily AH, Noshiro D, Komatsu-Hirota S, Ono Y, Shindo M, Hatta T, Abe M, Uemura T, Lee-Okada HC, Mohamed TM, Yokomizo T, Ueno T, Sakimura K, Natsume T, Sorimachi H, Inada T, Waguri S, Noda NN, Komatsu M. The UFM1 system regulates ER-phagy through the ufmylation of CYB5R3. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7857. [PMID: 36543799 PMCID: PMC9772183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein modification by ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) amplifies limited genome information and regulates diverse cellular processes, including translation, autophagy and antiviral pathways. Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a UBL covalently conjugated with intracellular proteins through ufmylation, a reaction analogous to ubiquitylation. Ufmylation is involved in processes such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation, ribosome-associated protein quality control at the ER and ER-phagy. However, it remains unclear how ufmylation regulates such distinct ER-related functions. Here we identify a UFM1 substrate, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3), that localizes on the ER membrane. Ufmylation of CYB5R3 depends on the E3 components UFL1 and UFBP1 on the ER, and converts CYB5R3 into its inactive form. Ufmylated CYB5R3 is recognized by UFBP1 through the UFM1-interacting motif, which plays an important role in the further uyfmylation of CYB5R3. Ufmylated CYB5R3 is degraded in lysosomes, which depends on the autophagy-related protein Atg7- and the autophagy-adaptor protein CDK5RAP3. Mutations of CYB5R3 and genes involved in the UFM1 system cause hereditary developmental disorders, and ufmylation-defective Cyb5r3 knock-in mice exhibit microcephaly. Our results indicate that CYB5R3 ufmylation induces ER-phagy, which is indispensable for brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ishimura
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Afnan H El-Gowily
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Daisuke Noshiro
- Division of Biological Molecular Mechanisms, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Satoko Komatsu-Hirota
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shindo
- Advanced Technical Support Department, Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Biological Information Research Center (JBIRC), Kohtoh-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Takefumi Uemura
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukshima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Biological Information Research Center (JBIRC), Kohtoh-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Inada
- Division of RNA and gene regulation, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukshima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Division of Biological Molecular Mechanisms, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Ragab EM, El Gamal DM, Mohamed TM, Khamis AA. Therapeutic potential of chrysin nanoparticle-mediation inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and ubiquinone oxidoreductase in pancreatic and lung adenocarcinoma. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:172. [PMID: 36076266 PMCID: PMC9461199 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and lung cancer are expected to represent the most common cancer types worldwide until 2030. Under typical conditions, mitochondria provide the bulk of the energy needed to sustain cell life. For that inhibition of mitochondrial complex ΙΙ (CΙΙ) and ubiquinone oxidoreductase with natural treatments may represent a promising cancer treatment option. A naturally occurring flavonoid with biological anti-cancer effects is chyrsin. Due to their improved bioavailability, penetrative power, and efficacy, chitosan–chrysin nano-formulations (CCNPs) are being used in medicine with increasing frequency. Chitosan (cs) is also regarded as a highly versatile and adaptable polymer. The cationic properties of Cs, together with its biodegradability, high adsorption capacity, biocompatibility, effect on permeability, ability to form films, and adhesive properties, are advantages. In addition, Cs is thought to be both safe and economical. CCNPs may indeed be therapeutic candidates in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and lung cancer by blocking succinate ubiquinone oxidoreductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Ragab
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Doaa M El Gamal
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Lyra Leite DM, Copley RR, Freeman PP, McKenna DE, Fetterman KA, Shah DA, Negahi Shirazi A, Fonoudi H, Mohamed TM, Blancard M, Burridge PW. Abstract P1136: Amino Acid Availability Regulates Differentiation Of HIPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes In A Protein-free System. Circ Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/res.131.suppl_1.p1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional protocols for the differentiation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) rely on complex media and the use of animal or recombinant proteins either directly or in supplements, such as B27, to obtain tissue monolayers. This fact decreases their reproducibility, while potentially increasing their costs and limiting higher-throughput production of cardiomyocytes for applications in both regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and pharmacological screenings. Albumin/serum-free protocols have been developed but produce cells with limited functionality and at lower yields, despite them being TNNT2-positive. We previously demonstrated it is possible to simplify the differentiation protocol utilizing a stepwise approach and combining time-point interventions with small molecules or nutritional inputs. Here, we performed a thorough screening of commercial media and their suitability for differentiation of hiPSC-CMs. We identified suitable basal media formulations and developed a novel protein-free differentiation protocol (PFDM) for generating hiPSC-CMs that preserves purity, yield, morphology, and functionality while reducing the cost of the differentiation process. PFDM also enabled the identification of nutritional requirements essential for cardiac differentiation and allowed a detailed investigation into how some common components supplemented during hiPSC-CM differentiation impact tissue morphology and contractility. We showed that non-essential amino acids regulate differentiation in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, antioxidant agents such as sodium pyruvate and ascorbic acid, while essential for differentiation, are potentially harmful during early cardiac mesoderm induction. Lastly, we validated this PFDM methodology in 35 control and patient-derived hiPSC lines, with monolayer differentiations in 6- and 12-well plates, 15 cm dishes, in addition to differentiations in 3D using 100- and 250-mL spinner flasks.
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Ali SS, Al-Tohamy R, Mohamed TM, Mahmoud YAG, Ruiz HA, Sun L, Sun J. Could termites be hiding a goldmine of obscure yet promising yeasts for energy crisis solutions based on aromatic wastes? A critical state-of-the-art review. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2022; 15:35. [PMID: 35379342 PMCID: PMC8981686 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be produced from a range of organic and renewable feedstock including fresh or vegetable oils, animal fats, and oilseed plants. In recent years, the lignin-based aromatic wastes, such as various aromatic waste polymers from agriculture, or organic dye wastewater from textile industry, have attracted much attention in academia, which can be uniquely selected as a potential renewable feedstock for biodiesel product converted by yeast cell factory technology. This current investigation indicated that the highest percentage of lipid accumulation can be achieved as high as 47.25% by an oleaginous yeast strain, Meyerozyma caribbica SSA1654, isolated from a wood-feeding termite gut system, where its synthetic oil conversion ability can reach up to 0.08 (g/l/h) and the fatty acid composition in yeast cells represents over 95% of total fatty acids that are similar to that of vegetable oils. Clearly, the use of oleaginous yeasts, isolated from wood-feeding termites, for synthesizing lipids from aromatics is a clean, efficient, and competitive path to achieve "a sustainable development" towards biodiesel production. However, the lacking of potent oleaginous yeasts to transform lipids from various aromatics, and an unknown metabolic regulation mechanism presented in the natural oleaginous yeast cells are the fundamental challenge we have to face for a potential cell factory development. Under this scope, this review has proposed a novel concept and approach strategy in utilization of oleaginous yeasts as the cell factory to convert aromatic wastes to lipids as the substrate for biodiesel transformation. Therefore, screening robust oleaginous yeast strain(s) from wood-feeding termite gut system with a set of the desirable specific tolerance characteristics is essential. In addition, to reconstruct a desirable metabolic pathway/network to maximize the lipid transformation and accumulation rate from the aromatic wastes with the applications of various "omics" technologies or a synthetic biology approach, where the work agenda will also include to analyze the genome characteristics, to develop a new base mutation gene editing technology, as well as to clarify the influence of the insertion position of aromatic compounds and other biosynthetic pathways in the industrial chassis genome on the expressional level and genome stability. With these unique designs running with a set of the advanced biotech approaches, a novel metabolic pathway using robust oleaginous yeast developed as a cell factory concept can be potentially constructed, integrated and optimized, suggesting that the hypothesis we proposed in utilizing aromatic wastes as a feedstock towards biodiesel product is technically promising and potentially applicable in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S. Ali
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Rania Al-Tohamy
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Tarek M. Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | | | - Héctor A. Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Lushan Sun
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
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Elbandrawy MM, Sweef O, Elgamal D, Mohamed TM, EhabTousson, Elgharabawy RM. Ellagic acid regulates hyperglycemic state through modulation of pancreatic IL-6 and TNF- α immunoexpression. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3871-3880. [PMID: 35844391 PMCID: PMC9280239 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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El-Said KS, Atta A, Mobasher MA, Germoush MO, Mohamed TM, Salem MM. Quercetin mitigates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting adenosine deaminase in rats. Mol Med 2022; 28:24. [PMID: 35193490 PMCID: PMC8862293 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by synovial proliferation and bone destruction. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key inflammatory enzyme that increases joint stiffness and pain in RA. In this study, we evaluated the in-silico, and in vivo inhibitory effect of quercetin isolated from Egyptian Fenugreek on ADA enzyme activity. We also determined the combinatorial effect of quercetin on methotrexate mediated anti-inflammatory efficacy and toxicity. In-silico molecular docking was conducted and confirmed in an in vivo RA rat model. The results showed that the inhibition constant of quercetin on joint ADA by docking and in-vitro was 61.9 and 55.5 mM, respectively. Therefore, quercetin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in a rat RA model as evidenced by reducing the specific activity of ADA in joint tissues, lower jaw volume, enhance body weight, downregulate ADA gene expression, reduce levels of RA cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, also, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide RA biomarker levels. These findings demonstrate that the purified quercetin has a promising anti-inflammatory effect against RA disease through its inhibitory effects on the ADA enzyme. Furthermore, isolated quercetin improved the anti-inflammatory efficacy of methotrexate, reduced its toxic effects by increasing antioxidant enzymes and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Samy El-Said
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Amira Atta
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Maysa A Mobasher
- Pathology Department, Biochemistry Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, 41412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 41412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Salem
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Mohamed TM, Attia MS, El-Sayyad GS, Fathy RM, El-Batal AI. Gamma radiation crosslinking of PVA/myrrh resin thin film for improving the post-harvest time of lemon fruits. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5619-5628. [PMID: 35425529 PMCID: PMC8981498 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09360f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of a thin film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/myrrh natural resin using a low gamma irradiation dose (1 kGy) was investigated towards increasing the post-harvest time of lemon fruit. Different analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and mapping techniques were used to characterize the prepared thin film. This investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of myrrh as an edible coating in prolonging shelf life and preserving the quality of lemon fruits (Citrus aurantifolia). Lemons were immersed directly in PVA solution containing 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations of myrrh and then stored at ambient (25 ± 1 °C) and low (4 ± 1 °C) temperatures. The disease severity, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), and ascorbic acid contents were tested after the coating with the PVA/myrrh thin film at different temperatures (4 °C and 25 °C) for different storage times (7 and 14 days). The application of different concentrations of the synthesized PVA/myrrh thin film (1%, 2%, and 3%) significantly reduced green mold disease symptoms and disease severity in the lemon fruits. The acidity value (pH value) was the lowest for the 2% myrrh treatment after 7 °C days at 25 °C, followed by the 1% myrrh treatment under the same conditions. The highest TSS was observed after the treatment for 7 days at 25 °C, with a value of 8.1 g dL-1. A high ascorbic acid concentration (33.5 mg dL-1) was noted after coating the lemons with the 1% PVA/myrrh thin film for 7 days at 25 °C. The results show that the application of a PVA/myrrh thin film extends the shelf-life and maintains the quality of lemon fruits by decreasing the levels of evaporation from the fruits and loss of weight due to the delay of the complete ripening stage of the lemon fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Mohamed
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) P.O Box 29 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) P.O Box 29 Cairo Egypt
| | - Rasha M Fathy
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) P.O Box 29 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) P.O Box 29 Cairo Egypt
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Ragab EM, El Gamal DM, Mohamed TM, Khamis AA. Study of the inhibitory effects of chrysin and its nanoparticles on mitochondrial complex II subunit activities in normal mouse liver and human fibroblasts. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:15. [PMID: 35089446 PMCID: PMC8795958 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial complex ΙΙ has a unique biological role owing to its participation in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. Our goal was to evaluate the succinate dehydrogenase and ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity of mitochondrial complex II in the presence of chrysin and chrysin-chitosan nanoparticles. Chrysin chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, drug release, and zeta potential. The binding affinity of chrysin to complex II subunits was assessed by molecular docking. The IC50 values were measured in a suspension of mouse mitochondria, and the inhibitory effect of chrysin and chrysin chitosan nanoparticles on mitochondrial complex ΙΙ was determined. RESULTS The free energy of binding between chrysin and complex ΙΙ subunits A, B, C, and D was -4.9, -5, -8.2, and -8.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The characteristic peak of chrysin was confirmed at 348 nm. The chrysin chitosan nanoparticles contained characteristic bands of both chrysin and chitosan. The crystalline nature of chrysin chitosan nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction measurements showing the characteristic Bragg peaks of (11.2°), (32.2°), (19.6°), (27.6°), and (31.96°). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed their spherical shape and an average particle size of 49.7 ± 3.02 nm. Chrysin chitosan nanoparticles showed a burst release within the initial 2 h followed by a steady release at 8 h. Their zeta potential was positive, between +35.5 and +80 mV. The IC50 of chrysin, chitosan nanoparticles, chrysin chitosan nanoparticles, and 5-fluorouracil was 34.66, 184.1, 12.2, and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively, in adult mice liver and 129, 311, 156, and 8.07 μg/mL, respectively, in normal human fibroblasts. When comparing the inhibitory effects on complex ΙΙ activity, application of the IC50 of chrysin, chitosan nanoparticles, chrysin chitosan nanoparticles, and 5-fluorouracil resulted in 40.14%, 90.9%, 86.7%, and 89% decreases in SDH activity and 70.09%, 86.74%, 60.8%, and 80.23% decreases in ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity in normal adult mice, but 80.9%, 89.06%, and 90% significant decreases in SDH activity, and 90%, 85%, and 95% decreases in ubiquinone reductase after treatment with chrysin, chrysin chitosan nanoparticles, and 5-fluorouracil, in normal human fibroblasts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chrysin and CCNPs exhibit potent inhibitory effects on SDH activity ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Ragab
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Doaa M El Gamal
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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Radwan AM, Aboelfetoh EF, Kimura T, Mohamed TM, El-Keiy MM. Fenugreek-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo antitumor potency. Biomed Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v8i8.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Donia T, Gerges MN, Mohamed TM. Anticancer Effects of Combination of Indole-3-Carbinol and Hydroxychloroquine on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma via Targeting Autophagy and Apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1802-1818. [PMID: 34379013 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1960388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is an active component of cruciferous vegetables which is considered a promising antineoplastic agent. This study aimed to assess I3C antineoplastic activity alone and with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model. Eighty female mice were divided into six groups wherein all groups except groups I and II received EAC cells (106 cells/mouse i.p.). Group I, served as control; group II served as I3C; group III served as EAC; groups IV and V received I3C (250 mg/kg body weight oral), and HCQ (60 mg/kg body weight i.p.) respectively; GVI received both I3C and HCQ. Antitumor response markers, serum, hepatic and renal biochemical parameters, histopathological changes, as well as autophagy and apoptosis markers in EAC cells were analyzed. The combination of I3C and HCQ showed the best antitumor responses with increased survival time and ameliorated biochemical parameters. Moreover, I3C upregulated LC3B and downregulated p62 gene expression in EAC cells. Furthermore, I3C combined with HCQ induced apoptosis by highly upregulating cleaved caspase-3 and Bax while downregulating Bcl-2 proteins expression in EAC cells in comparison with each drug alone. In conclusion, I3C combined with HCQ exhibited better antitumor activities than each drug alone via targeting autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marian N Gerges
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Al-Shahari EA, El Barky AR, Mohamed TM, Alm-Eldeen AA. Doxorubicin, L-arginine, or their combination as a prophylactic agent against hepatic carcinoma in mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:37661-37671. [PMID: 33721166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the ten most commonly diagnosed cancers. Doxorubicin is an antibiotic used in cancer treatment protocols that has several side effects. L-Arginine is a non-essential amino acid that is used as immune system activation and antitumor drugs. Therefore, the current study was designed to compare using doxorubicin, L-arginine, or their combination as a prophylactic agent against hepatic carcinoma induced by hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) injection in mice. The mice were divided into five groups: normal mice and mice that received HepG2, doxorubicin and HepG2, L-arginine and HepG2, and doxorubicin, L-Arginine, and HepG2, respectively. Liver function test as, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), caspase 3, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrotic factor (TNF), lipid peroxidation (NDA), and some antioxidant parameters were determined. A significant increase in AST and ALT, α-fetoprotein, TNF-α, and cytokines IL6 and MDA and a significant decrease in the serum caspase and liver catalase were determined in HepG2-injected mice. Moreover, some large hyperchromatic heptocytes were observed and the percentage of the positive area/field of HepPar-1, the most specific HCC marker, was 9.56%. Interestingly, mice that received doxorubicin, L-arginine, or their combination showed an improvement in some of the previous parameters. The improvement was more prominent with L-arginine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Al-Shahari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khaled University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Amira Ragab El Barky
- Biochemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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24
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Diab T, Mohamed TM, Hamed A, Gaber M. Induction of Apoptosis by Nano-Synthesized Complexes of H2L and its Cu(II) Complex in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1151-1159. [PMID: 32013853 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200204103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is currently the most utilized treatment for cancer. Therapeutic potential of metal complexes in cancer therapy has attracted a lot of interest. The mechanisms of action of most organometallic complexes are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to explore the mechanisms governing the anti-proliferative effect of the free ligand N1,N6-bis((2-hydroxynaphthalin-1-yl)methinyl)) adipohydrazone (H2L) and its complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II). METHODS Cells were exposed to H2L or its metal complexes where cell viability determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry. In addition, qRT-PCR was used to monitor the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Moreover, molecular docking was carried out to find the potentiality of Cu(II) complex as an inhibitor of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA). ADA, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the most affected cancer cell line. RESULTS The obtained results demonstrated that H2L and its Cu(II) complex exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity compared to other complexes against HepG2 cells (IC50=4.14±0.036μM/ml and 3.2±0.02μM/ml), respectively. Both H2L and its Cu(II) complex induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. Additionally, they induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. Interestingly, the activity of ADA was decreased by 2.8 fold in HepG2 cells treated with Cu(II) complex compared to untreated cells. An increase of SOD activity and GSH level in HepG2 cells compared to control was observed. CONCLUSION The results concluded that Cu(II) complex of H2L induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Further studies are needed to confirm its anti-cancer effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Diab
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Alaa Hamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Fayed D, Donia T, El-Shanshory M, Ali EMM, Mohamed TM. Evaluation of MicroRNA92, MicroRNA638 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia of Egyptian Children. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1567-1572. [PMID: 34048187 PMCID: PMC8408408 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.5.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: miRNA considers a small non-coding RNA molecule that has tumor suppressor or oncogenic functions and regulates gene expression. miRNA may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). miRNA was evaluated in patients with ALL to correlate their importance in the clinical prediction and the response to chemotherapy. Subject and methods: The study population included 30 healthy control and 71 children with ALL is divided into 4 groups: healthy, newly diagnosed, remitted, and relapsed groups. We quantify miRNA 92a, miRNA 638 expression using real-time PCR in childhood ALL. Results: plasma miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 expressions were elevated in ALL cases at the time of diagnosis (2.51 and 2.19 folds), and relapsed (2.1 and 1.61 folds) than that of patients with remitted ALL. There was a positive correlation between miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 patients with ALL. Also, total leukocyte and blast correlated with miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 unlike hemoglobin, and platelets didn’t correlate with miRNA 92a and miRNA 638. The sensitivity of miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 were 41.5% and 54.7% respectively while the specificity was 100 % of miRNA 92a and miRNA 638. Conclusion: miRNA 92a and miRNA 638 are recommended to be used as potential predictive and follow-up markers in children with ALL remitted and relapsed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Fayed
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shanshory
- Department of Pediatric, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Beltagy DM, Nawar NF, Mohamed TM, Tousson E, El-Keey MM. Beneficial consequences of probiotic on mitochondrial hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. J Complement Integr Med 2021; 18:761-767. [PMID: 33781011 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing dementia and brain cells death. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the ameliorating effect of Acidophilus probiotic against AD induced in rats by d-galactose and AlCl3 injection via evaluating mitochondrial parameter changes in hippocampus. METHODS This study was carried out on rats were classified into five groups; G1 (control group), G2 (probiotic group), G3 (AD group), G4 (co-treated group) and G5 (post-treated group). By the end of the experiment, some different neurotransmitters, oxidative stress biomarkers, zinc, blood glucose, Na+K-ATPase subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1), and gene expression of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured. RESULTS Significant changes in neurotransmitters, antioxidants levels and decreased ATP1A1 activity and gene expression of MMP in the hippocampus in G3 were detected if compared to control. Best improvement in G5 than G4 group was observed. These results were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical studies in hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Acidophilus probiotic was able to alleviate learning and memory associated injuries in AD by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction induced by d-galactose and AlCl3. This may be associated with its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha M Beltagy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Nagat F Nawar
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mai M El-Keey
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Mohamed TM, Youssef MAM, Bakry AA, El-Keiy MM. Alzheimer's disease improved through the activity of mitochondrial chain complexes and their gene expression in rats by boswellic acid. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:255-264. [PMID: 33159653 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The foremost neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's (AD), which is characterized as a gradual decrease in memory, cognitive function, and also personal changes occurred. This study aims to assess the role of boswellic bioactive component in control Alzheimer's disease through enhancing mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes in the rat model. Rats were divided into five equal groups: the control group (G1), boswellic acid control group (G2), AD disease group (G3), boswellic acid -pre-treated group (G4) and boswellic acid-treated group (G5). At the end of the experiment, blood glucose level, tau protein, different neurochemicals parameters (dopamine, acetylcholine), L-malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities was determined. Also, GLUT2 and mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes were evaluated. As a result, an increase in hippocampus glucose, tau protein expression, MDA and GLUT2 in the AD group (G3) compared to control groups (G1 and G2) has been recorded. These parameters were declined after pre (G4) and treated (G5) by boswellic acid. The neurochemicals, antioxidants parameters, four mitochondrial chain complexes activities and their gene expression in the hippocampus of the AD group were decreased compared to the control groups (G1 and G2). In contrast, pre and treated groups by boswellic acid (G4 and G5, respectively) have shown an increase in antioxidants parameters, and the activities of four mitochondrial complexes, with the best improvement in the pre-treated group (G4), then treated group (G5). In conclusion; the boswellic acid improved the antioxidant and mitochondrial complexes in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | | | - Azza A Bakry
- Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai M El-Keiy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Radwan AM, Aboelfetoh EF, Kimura T, Mohamed TM, El-Keiy MM. Withdrawal Notice: Role of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Fenugreek Seeds Extract as Anticancer Agent: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:ACAMC-EPUB-113650. [PMID: 33573579 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210126093028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article has been withdrawn on the recommendation of the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry due to some inconsistencies in the content of the article. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policiesmain.php Bentham Science Disclaimer It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa M Radwan
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527. Egypt
| | - Eman F Aboelfetoh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527. Egypt
| | - Tetsunari Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501. Japan
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527. Egypt
| | - Mai M El-Keiy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527. Egypt
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Karam HA, Bessa SS, Ali EMM, Diab T, Mohamed TM. The Inter-Relation between Leptin Receptor (Q223R) Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Egyptian Patients with HCC. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3557-3565. [PMID: 33369452 PMCID: PMC8046304 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship of leptin (LEP) and polymorphism of leptin receptor (LEPR) were studied in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compared with those with liver cirrhosis to find out the extent of the risk of LEPR on patients with HCC. Methods: Serum LEP level and LEPR Q223R gene polymorphism were determined in 300 patients with liver disease categorized equally into five groups’ healthy volunteers, patients with hepatitis C (HCV), patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis and HCC. LEPR gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) then digested by the MSP1 restriction enzyme. Results: The isolated 212 bp of LEPR was sequenced. The serum LEP level was reduced in patients with cirrhotic and HCC. Serum LEP level had negatively correlated with both tumor grade and size in HCC patients. The data obtained from restriction fragment length polymorphismPCR and sequencing revealed the existence of a novel synonymous Q223R single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 223 of LEPR gene (1137101). LEPR Gln223Arg, GG and GA genotypes were found in all studied groups. LEPR Gln223Arg, AA genotype was found in NASH, HCC, and control. LEPR Gln223Arg GA genotype is associated with some patients with HCC. Conclusion: GA genotype of LEPR Gln223Arg may be regarded as a probable genetic risk factor for Egyptian patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala A Karam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Bessa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thoria Diab
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Abosharaf HA, Salah M, Diab T, Tsubaki M, Mohamed TM. Biogenic silver nanoparticles induce apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Biomed Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v7i11.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is accounted as an ecofriendly process. The present study was conducted to estimate the potency of biogenic AgNPs against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vitro and EAC-bearing mice in vivo.
Methods: AgNPs were prepared using mango leaves extract and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 106 EAC cells. Biogenic AgNPs- alone or combined with Doxorubicin (DOX)- was administered intraperitoneally day by day for two weeks.
Results: Biologically synthesized AgNPs showed a cytotoxic effect against cultured EAC cells but with less toxicity toward normal cells compared to DOX, which had strong cytotoxicity against both cells. Biogenic AgNPs alone or combined with DOX triggered the cytotoxicity against the EAC-bearing mouse model via decreasing body weight, tumor volume, and the number of viable tumor cells. The combined treatment (AgNPs-DOX) ameliorated the drastic effect induced by injection of EAC cells through improving liver and kidney functions compared to those treated with DOX alone. In addition, the combined treatment showed an elevation in the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and a reduction in the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the EAC cells. Furthermore, this combined treatment effectively arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, the combined treatment with AgNPs-DOX caused a significant reduction in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that biogenic AgNPs could be useful in developing a potent combination therapy against different types of cancers.
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Habieb ME, Mohamed MA, El Gamal DM, Hawas AM, Mohamed TM. Anti-aging effect of DL-β-hydroxybutyrate against hepatic cellular senescence induced by D-galactose or γ-irradiation via autophagic flux stimulation in male rats. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 92:104288. [PMID: 33147533 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to shed new light on anti-aging effect of DL-β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) against hepatic cellular senescence induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation. The rats divided into 6 groups. Group 1, control, group 2, exposed to γ-ray (5 GY), group 3, injected by d-galactose (150 mg/kg) daily for consecutive 6 weeks, which regarded to induce the aging, group 4, injected intraperitoneal by β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) (72.8 mg/kg) daily for consecutive 14 days, group 5, exposed to γ-ray then treated with βOHB daily for consecutive 14 days, group 6, injected daily with d-galactose for consecutive 6 weeks, then treated with βOHB daily at the last two weeks of d-galactose. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), Insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were estimated in serum. Moreover, protein expression of Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3-II/LC3-I) ratio, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), pAMPK, mRNA gene expression of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Nucleoporin p62 (p62), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1(P21CIP1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16INK4a) and DNA fragmentation percentage were measured in liver tissue as a biomarker of cellular senescence. The results confirmed that βOHB modulated serum level of AST, ALT, insulin, IL-6 and TNF-α, protein expression of mTOR and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, pAMPK and p62 in liver aging model induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation. Histopathological examination results of liver tissue indicated coincidence with those recorded by molecular biochemical inspection. Taken together, these findings suggest that βOHB may be useful in combating hepatic cellular senescence induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation via autophagy dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Habieb
- Drug Radiation Research Dept., National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box, 29 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Dept., National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box, 29 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - D M El Gamal
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - A M Hawas
- Drug Radiation Research Dept., National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box, 29 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - T M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
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Abosharaf HA, Diab T, Atlam FM, Mohamed TM. Osthole extracted from a citrus fruit that affects apoptosis on A549 cell line by histone deacetylasese inhibition (HDACs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00531. [PMID: 33014717 PMCID: PMC7522091 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the interactions between osthole extracted from Egyptian citrus fruits as HDACs inhibitor by theoretical study and practically. Besides, osthole was assed as anti-cancer activity. In this study, osthole was extracted from the Egyptian citrus fruit and was characterized. The role of osthole as in vitro inhibitor of HDACs was estimated and evaluated the antitumor activity against human lung cancer cells (A549), Caspase-9 activity was detected. The results obtained from GC-MS indicate that the grapefruit showed the highest osthole concentration compared to the other citrus fruits. Moreover, the grapefruit osthole competitively inhibits HDACs. The inhibition constant value, (Ki=3.36 mM), indicates that osthole exerts an inhibitory effect upon HDACs activity. In vitro study of osthole could inhibit the growth of A549 cells that depend on time and concentration. It also induces apoptosis and causes an increase of caspase-9 by osthole. In conclusion, grapefruit osthole could induce the apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells by inhibiting the histone deacetylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A Abosharaf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thoria Diab
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Faten M Atlam
- Theoretical Applied Chemistry Unit (TACO), Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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M. Gheit M, A. Abd Elwahab M, M. Mohamed T. The Role of Extracellular Secreted Proteases and Phospholipases Enzymes in Differentiation Between Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Candida. Biochemistry Letters 2019; 14:147-155. [DOI: 10.21608/blj.2019.47576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Mohamed TM, Nasef SM, Mahmoud GA. Preparation of high sensitive colorimetric sensing film for detection of iron ions using gamma irradiation. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1599940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M. Mohamed
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M. Nasef
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Mahmoud
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Abosheasha MA, Zahran F, Bessa SS, El-Magd MA, Mohamed TM. Association between a novel G94A single nucleotide polymorphism in ATP1A1 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Egyptian patients. J Res Med Sci 2019; 24:62. [PMID: 31523248 PMCID: PMC6669993 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_975_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme is essential for nerve cell membrane integrity, and reduction in its activity, probably due to ATP1A1 gene polymorphisms, is related to diabetic neuropathy progression. Therefore, the goal of the existent study is to evaluate the Na+/K+ ATPase activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Egyptian patients with or without neuropathy, search for polymorphism(s) in the highly polymorphic region of ATP1A1 gene, exon 2, and study its (their) associations with T2DM with and without neuropathy. Materials and Methods: A total number of 150 individuals were subclassified into healthy controls (n = 30), T2DM without complications (n = 60), and T2DM with neuropathy (n = 60). Results: The biochemical results exhibited a significant reduction in fasting C-Peptide and activity of Na+/K+ ATPase in T2DM patients with neuropathy followed by T2DM without complication in comparison with healthy controls. ATP1A1 exon2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) then digested by the PstI restriction enzyme, and the obtained data from restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR and sequencing revealed the existence of a novel synonymous G94A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at nucleotide 27 in exon 2 of ATP1A1 gene (rs1060366). Diabetic groups had only allele A, while the control group had G allele. Interestingly, individuals carrying AA genotype had a significantly lower Na+/K+ ATPase, C-peptide, and higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c %) than those having GG genotype, suggesting a possible association for this SNP, and this developed phenomenon of not only T2DM but also diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion: Thus, allele A of G94A SNP (rs1060366) could be a risk allele for diabetes susceptibility among Egyptian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Abosheasha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Cellular Genetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Faten Zahran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Bessa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Salem MM, Donia T, Abu-Khudir R, Ramadan H, Ali EMM, Mohamed TM. Propolis Potentiates Methotrexate Anticancer Mechanism and Reduces its Toxic Effects. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:460-480. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1640884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maha M. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thoria Donia
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Departement of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Ramadan
- Department of Plant Protection, Economic Entomology Division, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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El-Magd MA, El-Said KS, El-Semlawy AA, Tanekhy M, Afifi M, Mohamed TM. Association of MHC IIA polymorphisms with disease resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila-challenged Nile tilapia. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 96:126-134. [PMID: 30853539 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes show high polymorphisms in vertebrates depending on animal immunity status. Herein, MHC class IIA gene in Aeromonas hydrophila-challenged Nile tilapia was screened for presence of polymorphisms using sequencing. Twelve nucleotides deletion polymorphism was determined with a PCR product size of 267 bp in the resistant fish and 255 bp in the control and susceptible/diseased fish. Additionally, a non-synonymous right frameshift c.712 T > G (P. 238 * > G) SNP was detected at the stop codon (*). SNP-susceptibility association analysis revealed that fish carrying GG genotype and allele G were high susceptible (risk) for A. hydrophila, and had lower immune response as indicated by significant reduction in non-specific immune parameters (total protein, globulin, IgM, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and lysosome activity) and mRNA level of MHC IIA, interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα), and toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in the spleen and head kidney. Thus, G allele could be considered as a risk (recessive or mutant) allele for c. 712 T > G (P. 238 * > G) SNP and so selection of Nile tilapia with protective allele (T) for this SNP could improve the disease resistant of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Karim S El-Said
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Aml A El-Semlawy
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Tanekhy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Branch), Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
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Donia TI, Gerges MN, Mohamed TM. Amelioration effect of Egyptian sweet orange hesperidin on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 285:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abu-Khudir R, Habieb ME, Mohamed MA, Hawas AM, Mohamed TM. Anti-apoptotic role of spermine against lead and/or gamma irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:24272-24283. [PMID: 28889190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to either lead (Pb) or γ-irradiation (IR) results in oxidative stress in biological systems. Herein, we explored the potential anti-apoptotic effect of spermine (Spm) against lead and/or γ-irradiation-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Rats were divided into eight experimental groups of ten rats each: groups including negative control, whole body γ-irradiated (6 Gray (Gy)), lead acetate (PbAct) trihydrate orally administered (75 mg/kg bw ≡ 40 mg/kg bw Pb for 14 consecutive days), and Spm intraperitoneally dosed (10 mg/kg bw for 14 consecutive days) rats and groups subjected to combinations of Pb + IR, Spm + IR, Spm + Pb, and Spm + Pb followed by IR on day 14 (Spm + Pb + IR). A significant decrease in arginase activity as well as mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2 and p21 was observed in rats intoxicated with Pb and/or γ-irradiation compared to controls, whereas Bax mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased. Also, an increased level of nitric oxide (NO) with a reduced arginase activity was observed in liver tissues of intoxicated rats. Spm co-treatment with lead and/or γ-irradiation attenuated the increase in Bax mRNA and protein expression, while it restored those of Bcl-2 and p21 together with NO levels and arginase activity to control values. Altogether, we suggest that Spm may be useful in combating free radical-induced apoptosis in Pb-intoxicated and/or γ-irradiated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, P.O. 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud E Habieb
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asrar M Hawas
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box; 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, P.O. 31527, Tanta, Egypt
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Khamis AA, Salama AF, Kenawy ME, Mohamed TM. Regulation of hepatic hydroxy methyl glutarate - CoA reductase for controlling hypercholesterolemia in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1242-1250. [PMID: 28938515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor upon developing cardiovascular diseases. This study is aiming to investigate the inhibition role of quercetin on hydroxy methyl glutarate - CoA reductase activity and its gene for attenuating hypercholesterolemia. The kinetic characteristics of HMG-CoA reductase activity were evaluated on extracellular rat liver microsomes. For studying the effect of quercetin by inducing hypercholesterolemia rats by Tyloxapol (i.v.). In addition, rats were treated with different doses of quercetin according to the inhibition constant of this inhibitor. Our results showed that in quercetin rats groups plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL -cholesterol and total lipids levels and hepatic (TBARS) level were significantly decreased as compared with negative control. However, plasma HDL level, hepatic total thiol level, catalase activity and total protein level significantly increased groups as compared with negative control. In addition, HMG-CoA reductase activity was decreased in quercetin groups and this confirmed in gene expression that these groups caused downregulation for HMG-CoA reductase. However, LDL receptor (LDLr) gene expression was upregulated by quercetin. Moreover, histopathological examination of rat liver showed the ameliorative effect of quercetin on hypercholesterolemic effect of triton. In conclusion, quercetin may consider as a new saving candidate for the future development of hypocholesterolemia agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt, Egypt.
| | - Afrah F Salama
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Kenawy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt, Egypt
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Shetaia YMH, El Khalik WAA, Mohamed TM, Farahat LA, ElMekawy A. Potential biodegradation of crude petroleum oil by newly isolated halotolerant microbial strains from polluted Red Sea area. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 111:435-442. [PMID: 26902685 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Two microbial isolates from oil polluted Red Sea water in Egypt, designated as RS-Y1 and RS-F3, were found capable of degrading Belayim mix (BX) crude oil. Strains RS-Y1 and RS-F3 were assigned to the genera Lipomyces tetrasporus and Paecilomyces variotii based on their morphological and physiological characteristics. Both isolates were compared for the biodegradation of crude petroleum-oil hydrocarbons in basal salt medium supplemented with 5% (w/v) of BX-crude oil. Gas chromatography profile showed that the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) inoculated with L. tetrasporus (68.3%) and P. variotii (58.15%) along with their consortium (66%) significantly reduced TPHs levels as compared to the control after 30days. L. tetrasporus (44.5%) was more effective than P. variotii strain (32.89%) in reducing the unresolved complex mixtures (UCM) content from the medium. Both isolates exhibited a strong growth over a wide range of salinity (5-45g/L NaCl).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed ElMekawy
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Egypt; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Beltagy DM, Mohamed TM, El Said AS, Tousson E. Beneficial role of ascorbic and folic acids antioxidants against thyroxin-induced testicular dysfunction in hyperthyroid rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:17246-17254. [PMID: 27221465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in the regulation of metabolism of almost all mammalian tissue including the reproductive system. Hyperthyroidism in early life may cause delayed sexual maturation, although physical development is normal and skeletal growth may be accelerated. Hyperthyroidism after puberty influences reproductive functions and increases testosterone level. The aim of this work is to study the effect of induced hyperthyroidism by L-thyroxine sodium administration on the testis of rats and to evaluate the ameliorating role of different antioxidants as ascorbic acid and folic acid on the hyperthyroid state via the assessment of different biochemical markers, histopathological and immunochemical sections. DNA analysis of the D1 deiodinase was performed to determine genetic mutation due to hyperthyroidism. The results showed partially disrupted in the measured biochemical parameters and spermatogenesis in hyperthyroid rats. Post-administration of both folic and ascorbic acids together in hyperthyroid rats showed the best ameliorating effects on the thyroid hormones, testosterone, testicular GGT and ALP, and all oxidative stress markers. There is no genetic mutations that occurred in D1 deiodinase due to hyperthyroidism. These findings were indicated by the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) studies of testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha M Beltagy
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Biochemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Damanhour, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Biochemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Damanhour, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S El Said
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Biochemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Damanhour, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
- Biochemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Damanhour, Egypt.
- Department of Zoology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Mohamed TM, Parveen S, Ludwig JB, Oscar TP. Chlorine inactivation of Salmonella Kentucky isolated from chicken carcasses: evaluation of strain variation. J Food Prot 2015; 78:414-8. [PMID: 25710160 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to evaluate chlorine resistance among strains of Salmonella Kentucky isolated from chicken carcasses. Selected strains (n = 8) were exposed to 30 ppm of chlorine in 10% buffered peptone water (pH 7.4) for 0 to 10 min at 4°C and 150 rpm. The initial level (mean ± SD) of Salmonella Kentucky was 6.18 ± 0.09 log CFU/ml and did not differ (P > 0.05) among strains. A two-way analysis of variance indicated that the level of Salmonella Kentucky in chlorinated water was affected (P < 0.05) by a time by strain interaction. Differences among strains increased as a function of chlorine exposure time. After 10 min of chlorine exposure, the most resistant strain (SK145) was 5.63 ± 0.54 log CFU/ml, whereas the least resistant strain (SK275) was 3.07 ± 0.29 log CFU/ml. Significant differences in chlorine resistance were observed for most strain comparisons. Death of Salmonella Kentucky was nonlinear over time and fitted well to a power law model with a shape parameter of 0.34 (concave upward). Time (minutes) for a 1-log reduction of Salmonella Kentucky differed (P < 0.05) among strains: >10 min for SK145, 6.0 min for SK254, 1.5 min for SK179, and 0.3 to 0.65 min for other strains. Results of this study indicate that strain is an important variable to include in models that predict changes in levels of Salmonella Kentucky in chlorinated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Mohamed
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, Room 2111, Center for Food Science and Technology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, USA
| | - S Parveen
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, Room 2111, Center for Food Science and Technology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, USA.
| | - J B Ludwig
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Residue Chemistry and Predictive Microbiology Research Unit, Room 2111, Center for Food Science and Technology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, USA
| | - T P Oscar
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Residue Chemistry and Predictive Microbiology Research Unit, Room 2111, Center for Food Science and Technology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, USA
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Mohamed TM, El-Souod SMA, Ali EM, El-Badry MO, El-Keiy MM, Aly AS. Immobilization and characterization of inulinase from Ulocladium atrum on nonwoven fabrics. J Biosci 2014; 39:785-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abu El-souod SM, Mohamed TM, Ali EM, El-badry MO, El-keiy MM. Partial purification of extracellular exo-inulinase from Ulocladium atrum. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moustafa AHA, Ali EMM, Mohamed TM, Abdou HI. Oxidative stress and thyroid hormones in patients with liver diseases. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:703-8. [PMID: 19818291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver metabolizes the thyroid hormones and regulates their systemic endocrine effects so liver disease could affect thyroid hormone metabolism. Oxidative stress could play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate serum levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant in liver diseases as prognostic markers and know the importance of these antioxidants level in relation to thyroid hormones. METHODS Serum nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), apolipoprotein-1 (APOA1) levels and erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were determined in 20 control subjects, 13 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 18 patients with chronic HCV, 17 patients with compensated cirrhotic HCV and 42 patients with decompensated cirrhotic HCV. RESULTS Cirrhotic patients with HCV had higher NO and MDA levels while lower T(3) and erythrocyte GSH levels, and GSHPx activity than the chronic. Serum T(3) showed negative correlation with serum NO and MDA whereas positive correlation with APOA1, GSH, and GSHPx in cirrhotic patients with HCV. CONCLUSION The measurement of the total T(3), NO, MDA, GSH reduced and GSHPx as biomarkers for liver diseases might be a beneficial tool, helping in monitoring the state of liver disease patients.
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Fahmy AS, Abo-Zeid AZ, Mohamed TM, Ghanem HM, Borai IH, Mohamed SA. Characterization of esterases from Cucurbita pepo cv. "Eskandrani". Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:437-43. [PMID: 17321740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2004] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two of the six esterases identified in Cucurbita pepo cv. "Eskandrani" were purified to homogeneity using two chromatography steps: anion exchange and gel filtration. The molecular weights of C. pepo esterases EIc and EII were 50,000 +/- 1500 and 68,000 +/- 1900 Da from gel filtration and 47,000 and 66,000 Da from SDS/PAGE, respectively, suggesting a monomeric structure for both enzymes. Esterases EIc and EII had K(m) values of 1.22 and 1.56 mM and pH optima at 9.0 and 8.0, respectively. The substrate specificity of C. pepo esterases EIc and EII were determined for a number of p-nitrophenyl esters, where their affinity toward these substrates were decreased as carbon atom number increased. Esterases EIc and EII had the same temperature optima, 40 degrees C. Thermal stability studies of esterases EIc and EII indicated that half maximal activities of EIc and EII esterases were reached at 55 degrees C and 50 degrees C, while they lost 45%, 51% and 70%, 77% of their activities after 30 and 90 min of incubation at 40 degrees C, respectively. The effect of different metal cations and inhibitors were examined. The inhibition studies revealed that the active sites of the two esterases contain serine and cysteine residues. The characteristics of C. pepo esterases are closely similar to those of microbial esterases used in food processing and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf S Fahmy
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Mohamed SA, Mohamed TM, Fahmy AS, El-Badry MO, Abdel-Gany SS. Fasciola gigantica: enzymes of the ornithine-proline-glutamate pathway--characterization of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. Exp Parasitol 2008; 118:47-53. [PMID: 17655846 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), proline oxidase (PO), Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), and Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CD) were assessed in Fasciola gigantica. All enzymes are involved in the conversion of ornithine into glutamate and proline. High levels of P5CD suggest that the direction of the metabolic flow from ornithine is more toward glutamate than proline. F. gigantica P5CD1 and P5CD2 were separated from the majority of contaminating proteins in crude homogenate using a CM-cellulose column. A Sephacryl S-200 column was employed for P5CD2 to obtain pure enzyme with increased specific activity. The molecular mass of P5CD2 was estimated to be 50kDa using a Sephacryl S-200 column and SDS-PAGE. It migrated as a single band on SDS-PAGE, indicating a monomeric enzyme. P5CD2 had Km values of 1.44mM and 0.37mM for NAD and P5C, respectively. P5CD2 oxidized a number of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, where the aromatic compounds had higher affinity toward the enzyme. All amino acids examined had partial inhibitory effects on the enzyme. While 3mM AMP caused 31% activation of enzyme, 3mM ADP and ATP inhibited activity by 18% and 23%, respectively. Apart from Cu2+, the divalent cations that were studied caused partial inhibitory effects on the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mohamed TM. Adenosine deaminase from camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii: purification and characterization. Exp Appl Acarol 2006; 40:101-11. [PMID: 17089216 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-006-9023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase is involved in purine metabolism and is a key enzyme for the control of the cellular levels of adenosine. Adenosine deaminase activity showed significant changes during embryogenesis of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii. From the elution profile of chromatography on DEAE-sepharose, three forms of enzyme (ADAI, ADAII and ADAIII) were separated. ADAII was purified to homogeneity after chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The molecular mass of adenosine deaminase ADAII was 42 kDa for the native enzyme and represented a monomer of 42 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme had a pH optimum at 7.5 and temperature optimum at 40 degrees C with heat stability up to 40 degrees C. ADAII had a K (m) of 0.5 mM adenosine with higher affinity toward deoxyadenosine and adenosine than other purines. Ni(2+), Ba(2+), Zn(2+), Li(2+), Hg(2+) and Mg(2+) partially inhibited the ADAII. Mg(2+) was the strongest inhibitor by 91% of the enzyme's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Mohamed SA, Fahmy AS, Mohamed TM, Hamdy SM. Proteases in egg, miracidium and adult of Fasciola gigantica. Characterization of serine and cysteine proteases from adult. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 142:192-200. [PMID: 16102991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 06/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic activity of 0-12 day old eggs, miracidium and adult worm of Fasciola gigantica was assessed and proteases were partially purified by DEAE-Sepharose and CM-cellulose columns. Four forms of protease were separated, PIa, PIb, PIc and PII. Purifications were completed for PIc and PII using Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. A number of natural and synthetic proteins were tested as substrates for F. gigantica PIc and PII. The two proteases had moderate activity levels toward azoalbumin and casein compared to azocasein, while gelatin, hemoglobin, albumin and fibrin had very low affinity toward the two enzymes. Amidolytic substrates are more specific to protease activity. PIc had higher affinity toward BAPNA-HCl (N-benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide-HCl) and BTPNA-HCl (N-benzoyl-tyrosine-p-nitroanilide-HCl) at pH 8.0 indicating that the enzyme was a serine protease. However, PII had higher affinity toward BAPNA at pH 6.5 in the presence of sulfhydryl groups (beta-mercaptoethanol) indicating that the enzyme was a cysteine protease. The effect of specific protease inhibitors on these enzymes was studied. The results confirmed that proteases PIc and PII could be serine and cysteine proteases, respectively. The molecular weights of F. gigantica PIc and PII were 60,000 and 25,000, respectively. F. gigantica PIc and PII had pH optima at 7.5 and 5.5 and K(M) of 2 and 5 mg azocasein/mL, respectively. For amidolytic substrates, PIc had K(M) of 0.3 mM BAPNA/mL and 0.5 mM BTPNA/mL at pH 8.0 and PII had K(M) of 0.6 mM BAPNA/mL at pH 6.5 with reducing agent. F. gigantica PIc and PII had the same optimum temperature at 50 degrees C and were stable up to 40 degrees C. All examined metal cations tested had inhibitory effects toward the two enzymes. From substrate specificity and protease inhibitor studies, PIc and PII could be designated as serine PIc and cysteine PII, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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