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Wilawan B, Chan SS, Ling TC, Show PL, Ng EP, Jonglertjunya W, Phadungbut P, Khoo KS. Advancement of Carotenogenesis of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis: Recent Insight and Way Forward. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:402-423. [PMID: 37270443 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for astaxanthin has been increasing for many health applications ranging from pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and aquaculture due to its bioactive properties. Haematococcus pluvialis is widely recognized as the microalgae species with the highest natural accumulation of astaxanthin, which has made it a valuable source for industrial production. Astaxanthin produced by other sources such as chemical synthesis or fermentation are often produced in the cis configuration, which has been shown to have lower bioactivity. Additionally, some sources of astaxanthin, such as shrimp, may denature or degrade when exposed to high temperatures, which can result in a loss of bioactivity. Producing natural astaxanthin through the cultivation of H. pluvialis is presently a demanding and time-consuming task, which incurs high expenses and restricts the cost-effective industrial production of this valuable substance. The production of astaxanthin occurs through two distinct pathways, namely the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the chloroplast methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. The latest advancements in enhancing product quality and extracting techniques at a reasonable cost are emphasized in this review. The comparative of specific extraction processes of H. pluvialis biological astaxanthin production that may be applied to large-scale industries were assessed. The article covers a contemporary approach to optimizing microalgae culture for increased astaxanthin content, as well as obtaining preliminary data on the sustainability of astaxanthin production and astaxanthin marketing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busakorn Wilawan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sook Sin Chan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Woranart Jonglertjunya
- Fermentation Technology Laboratory (FerTechLab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Poomiwat Phadungbut
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
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Ng ZY, Ajeng AA, Cheah WY, Ng EP, Abdullah R, Ling TC. Towards circular economy: Potential of microalgae - bacterial-based biofertilizer on plants. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119445. [PMID: 37890301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Biofertilizers encompass microorganisms that can be applied to plants, subsequently establishing themselves within the plant's rhizosphere or internal structures. This colonization stimulates plant development by enhancing nutrient absorption from the host. While there is growing literature documenting the applications of microalgae-based and bacterial-based biofertilizers, the research focusing on the effectiveness of consortia formed by these microorganisms as short-term plant biofertilizers is notably insufficient. This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of microalgae-bacterial biofertilizers in promoting plant growth and their potential contribution to the circular economy. The review sheds light on the impact of microalgae-bacterial biofertilizers on plant growth parameters, delving into factors influencing their efficiency, microalgae-bacteria interactions, and effects on soil health. The insights from this review are poised to offer valuable guidance to stakeholders in agriculture, including farmers, environmental technologists, and businesses. These insights will aid in the development and investment in more efficient and sustainable methods for enhancing crop yields, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals and principles of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Ng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aaronn Avit Ajeng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Centre for Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS) Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Rosazlin Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ng YJ, Chan SS, Khoo KS, Munawaroh HSH, Lim HR, Chew KW, Ling TC, Saravanan A, Ma Z, Show PL. Recent advances and discoveries of microbial-based glycolipids: Prospective alternative for remediation activities. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108198. [PMID: 37330152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants have always been a prominent chemical that is useful in various sectors (e.g., cleaning agent production industry, textile industry and painting industry). This is due to the special ability of surfactants to reduce surface tension between two fluid surfaces (e.g., water and oil). However, the current society has long omitted the harmful effects of petroleum-based surfactants (e.g., health issues towards humans and reducing cleaning ability of water bodies) due to their usefulness in reducing surface tension. These harmful effects will significantly damage the environment and negatively affect human health. As such, there is an urgency to secure environmentally friendly alternatives such as glycolipids to reduce the effects of these synthetic surfactants. Glycolipids is a biomolecule that shares similar properties with surfactants that are naturally synthesized in the cell of living organisms, glycolipids are amphiphilic in nature and can form micelles when glycolipid molecules clump together, reducing surface tension between two surfaces as how a surfactant molecule is able to achieve. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive study on the recent advances in bacteria cultivation for glycolipids production and current lab scale applications of glycolipids (e.g., medical and waste bioremediation). Studies have proven that glycolipids are effective anti-microbial agents, subsequently leading to an excellent anti-biofilm forming agent. Heavy metal and hydrocarbon contaminated soil can also be bioremediated via the use of glycolipids. The major hurdle in the commercialization of glycolipid production is that the cultivation stage and downstream extraction stage of the glycolipid production process induces a very high operating cost. This review provides several solutions to overcome this issue for glycolipid production for the commercialization of glycolipids (e.g., developing new cultivating and extraction techniques, using waste as cultivation medium for microbes and identifying new strains for glycolipid production). The contribution of this review aims to serve as a future guideline for researchers that are dealing with glycolipid biosurfactants by providing an in-depth review on the recent advances of glycolipid biosurfactants. By summarizing the points discussed as above, it is recommended that glycolipids can substitute synthetic surfactants as an environmentally friendly alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jer Ng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sook Sin Chan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Anbalagan Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Chennai, India
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Appaturi JN, Maireles-Torres P, Alomar TS, AlMasoud N, El-Bahy ZM, Ling TC, Ng EP. Highly Active Nickel (II) Oxide-Supported Cerium Oxide Catalysts for Valorization of Glycerol into Oxygenated Fuel Additives. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4713. [PMID: 37445026 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Acetylation of glycerol to yield monoacetin (MAT), diacetin (DAT), and triacetin (TAT) over NiO-supported CeO2 (xNiO/CeO2) catalysts is reported. The catalysts were synthesized utilizing a sol-gel technique, whereby different quantities of NiO (x = 9, 27, and 45 wt%) were supported onto the CeO2 substrate, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) served as a porogen. The utilization of EDX elemental mapping analysis confirmed the existence of evenly distributed Ni2+ ion and octahedral NiO nanoparticles on the CeO2 surface through the DRS UV-Vis spectroscopy. The most active catalyst is 27NiO/CeO2 based on TAT selectivity in the glycerol acetylation with ethanoic acid, attaining 97.6% glycerol conversion with 70.5% selectivity to TAT at 170 °C with a 1:10 glycerol/ethanoic acid molar ratio for 30 min using a non-microwave instant heating reactor. The 27NiO/CeO2 is reusable without significant decline in catalytic performance after ten consecutive reaction cycles, indicating high structure stability with accessible active acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Nelson Appaturi
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pedro Maireles-Torres
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Taghrid S Alomar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinhom M El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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Cheah WY, Er AC, Aiyub K, Yasin NHM, Ngan S, Chew KW, Khoo KS, Ling TC, Juan JC, Ma Z, Show PL. Current status and perspectives of algae-based bioplastics: A reviewed potential for sustainability. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Ma YK, Alomar TS, AlMasoud N, El-Bahy ZM, Chia S, Daou TJ, Khoerunnisa F, Ling TC, Ng EP. Effects of Synthesis Variables on SAPO-34 Crystallization Templated Using Pyridinium Supramolecule and Its Catalytic Activity in Microwave Esterification Synthesis of Propyl Levulinate. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed investigation of the hydrothermal crystallization of SAPO-34 in the presence of the novel 1-propylpyridinium hydroxide ([PrPy]OH) organic structural directing agent is presented. The synthesis conditions are systematically tuned to investigate the effects of various parameters (viz. concentrations of each reactant, crystallization time, and temperature) on the nucleation and crystallization of SAPO-34. The results show that a careful variation in each of the synthesis parameters results in the formation of competing phases such as SAPO-5, SAPO-35, and SAPO-36. Pure and fully crystalline SAPO-34 can be crystallized using a precursor hydrogel of a molar ratio of 2.0 Al: 4.7 P: 0.9 Si: 6.7 [PrPy]OH: 148 H2O at 200 °C for only 19 h, which is a shorter time than that found in previous studies. The prepared SAPO-34 is also very active in the esterification of levulinic acid and 1-propanol. By using microwave heating, 91.5% conversion with 100% selectivity toward propyl levulinate is achieved within 20 min at 190 °C. Hence, the present study may open a new insight into the optimum synthesis study of other zeolites using novel pyridinium organic moieties and the opportunity of replacing conventional harmful and non-recyclable homogeneous catalysts in levulinate biofuel synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Ken Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Taghrid S. Alomar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinhom M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Stephen Chia
- Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - T. Jean Daou
- Axe Matériaux à Porosités Contrôlées, Institut de Science de Matériaux de Mulhouse UMR 7361, ENSCMu, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3b Rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fitri Khoerunnisa
- Chemistry Education Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Setiabudhi 258, Bandung 40514, Indonesia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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Wu G, Zhuang D, Chew KW, Ling TC, Khoo KS, Van Quyen D, Feng S, Show PL. Current Status and Future Trends in Removal, Control, and Mitigation of Algae Food Safety Risks for Human Consumption. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196633. [PMID: 36235173 PMCID: PMC9572256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy and productivity, an increasing number of citizens are not only concerned about the nutritional value of algae as a potential new food resource but are also, in particular, paying more attention to the safety of its consumption. Many studies and reports pointed out that analyzing and solving seaweed food safety issues requires holistic and systematic consideration. The three main factors that have been found to affect the food safety of algal are physical, chemical, and microbiological hazards. At the same time, although food safety awareness among food producers and consumers has increased, foodborne diseases caused by algal food safety incidents occur frequently. It threatens the health and lives of consumers and may cause irreversible harm if treatment is not done promptly. A series of studies have also proved the idea that microbial contamination of algae is the main cause of this problem. Therefore, the rapid and efficient detection of toxic and pathogenic microbial contamination in algal products is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. At the same time, two other factors, such as physical and chemical hazards, cannot be ignored. Nowadays, the detection techniques are mainly focused on three major hazards in traditional methods. However, especially for food microorganisms, the use of traditional microbiological control techniques is time-consuming and has limitations in terms of accuracy. In recent years, these two evaluations of microbial foodborne pathogens monitoring in the farm-to-table chain have shown more importance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, there are also many new developments in the monitoring of heavy metals, algal toxins, and other pollutants. In the future, algal food safety risk assessment will not only focus on convenient, rapid, low-cost and high-accuracy detection but also be connected with some novel technologies, such as the Internet of Things (artificial intelligence, machine learning), biosensor, and molecular biology, to reach the purpose of simultaneous detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Dingling Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (S.F.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Dong Van Quyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (S.F.); (P.L.S.)
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.C.); (S.F.); (P.L.S.)
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Ahmad I, Ibrahim NNB, Abdullah N, Koji I, Mohama SE, Khoo KS, Cheah WY, Ling TC, Show PL. Bioremediation strategies of palm oil mill effluent and landfill leachate using microalgae cultivation: An approach contributing towards environmental sustainability. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chan SS, Low SS, Chew KW, Ling TC, Rinklebe J, Juan JC, Ng EP, Show PL. Prospects and environmental sustainability of phyconanotechnology: A review on algae-mediated metal nanoparticles synthesis and mechanism. Environ Res 2022; 212:113140. [PMID: 35314164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have proven that the employment of natural green components in the biogenesis of nanoparticles from microalgae species is one of the ways to delight the global environment issues. The application of nanotechnology with the exploitation of phycochemical produced from algae species is known as 'phyconanotechnology'. The use of biological compounds by microalgae as reducing agents for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles has shown promising results such as cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Different classifications of algae such as brown algae, red algae, green algae, and cyanobacteria are studied for the synthesis of different types of metal nanoparticles. It is also an important motive to acknowledge the mechanisms of the microalgae-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles via an intracellular pathway or extracellular pathway. Besides, microalgae species as biogenic sources preclude the use of conventional methods reagents, such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), which further consolidates their position as the best choice for sustainable (economically and environmentally) nanoparticle synthesis compared to the conventional nanoparticles synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Sin Chan
- Institut Sains Biologi, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Research Centre of Life Science and HealthCare, China Beacons Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institut Sains Biologi, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Zhuang D, Tang DYY, Chew KW, Ling TC. Phycocyanin: A Natural Antioxidant to Combat Free Radicals. CNF 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666211221160338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Various research showed that antioxidants can effectively overcome the damage caused
by free radicals to human health. Therefore, antioxidants are identified as one of the main directions
in the development of health care and cosmetics products due to high demand in the market.
This review mainly focuses on the phycocyanin, a type of natural antioxidant mainly found in
cyanobacteria. This mini review summarizes the phycocyanin sources and numerous extraction
methods of phycocyanin along with the analytical methods and determine its ability to suppress
free radicals. Phycocyanin has been proven to play an important role in scavenging free radicals
and enhancing the body’s antioxidant capacity. However, there is a lack of long-term randomized
clinical trial results that can be used as evidence in showing the benefits of phycocyanin. The existing
phycocyanin extraction methods using solvents, ultrasonic-assisted, freeze-thaw, etc. can extract
high-quality phycocyanin efficiently and quickly. Scientists are also trying to incorporate
advanced technologies, such as "Industry 4.0" to optimize and enhance the industrial production of
phycocyanin. Lastly, this review also describes the difficulties faced during the phycocyanin production
or extraction process and financial obstacles in order to achieve the popularization of phycocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingling Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Doris Ying Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. Faculty of Science and Engineering. University of Nottingham
Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering,
Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Zhuang D, He N, Khoo KS, Ng EP, Chew KW, Ling TC. Application progress of bioactive compounds in microalgae on pharmaceutical and cosmetics. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132932. [PMID: 34798100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is an autotrophic organism with fast growth, short reproduction cycle, and strong environmental adaptability. In recent years, microalgae and the bioactive ingredients extracted from microalgae are regarded as potential substitutes for raw materials in the pharmaceutical and the cosmetics industry. In this review, the characteristics and efficacy of the high-value components of microalgae are discussed in detail, along with the sources and extraction technologies of algae used to obtain high-value ingredients are reviewed. Moreover, the latest trends in biotherapy based on high-value algae extracts as materials are discussed. The excellent antioxidant properties of microalgae derivatives are regarded as an attractive replacement for safe and environmentally friendly cosmetics formulation and production. Through further studies, the mechanism of microalgae bioactive compounds can be understood better and reasonable clinical trials conducted can safely conclude the compliance of microalgae-derived drugs or cosmetics to be necessary standards to be marketed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingling Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ning He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University. No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wahyuningsih SPA, Dewi FRP, Hsan ASY, Lee LM, Lim V, Aun LIL, Ling TC, Marviella ST. The Regulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)1α Expression by Quercetin: an In Silico Study. Acta Inform Med 2022; 30:96-99. [PMID: 35774834 PMCID: PMC9233451 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2022.30.96-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer disease is a growing health problem in developing and developed countries. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF1α) is a transcription factor responsible for expressing several proteins involved in angiogenesis. Quercetin can suppress HIF1α expression due to the inhibition of protein synthesis. However, to date, the study exploring the potential of quercetin in repressing HIF1α through its degradation mechanism has never been done. An in silico study is needed as a preliminary study to understand the mechanism underlining this possibility. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential of quercetin in regulating HIF1α expression through the ubiquitin degradation pathway by in silico study. Methods: This study was performed by in silico analysis, including biological activity prediction, 3D protein structure collection, protein-ligand and protein-protein docking, and the visualization of the docking results. Results: The probability activity (Pa) score of quercetin as an HIF1α expression inhibitor was 0.969. In the absence of quercetin, the center-weighted score of HIF1α - pVHL, HIF1α - FIH, and HIF1α - PHD2 was -699.4 kJ/mol, -846.0 kJ/mol, and -650.5 kJ/mol, respectively. In the presence of quercetin, the weighted score of HIF1α - pVHL, HIF1α - FIH, and HIF1α - PHD2 was reduced to -728.1 kJ/mol, -854.2 kJ/mol, and -650.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Conclusion: Quercetin could directly promote HIF1α and pVHL interaction, thus increasing the degradation of HIF1α by ubiquitin-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Amy Saik Yi Hsan
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Looi Mee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Lionel In Lian Aun
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Insitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Sephia Tiara Marviella
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Chan SS, Khoo KS, Chew KW, Ling TC, Show PL. Recent advances biodegradation and biosorption of organic compounds from wastewater: Microalgae-bacteria consortium - A review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 344:126159. [PMID: 34673198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The litter of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the water streams and soil bodies via industrial effluents led to several adverse effects on the environment, health, and ecosystem. For the past decades, scientists have been paying efforts in the innovation and development of POPs removal from wastewater treatment. However, the conventional methods used for the removal of POPs from wastewater are costly and could lead to secondary pollution including soil and water bodies pollution. In recent, the utilization of green mechanisms such as biosorption, bioaccumulation and biodegradation has drawn attention and prelude the potential of green technology globally. Microalgae-bacteria consortia have emerged to be one of the latent wastewater treatment systems. The synergistic interactions between microalgae and bacteria could proficiently enhance the existing biological wastewater treatment system. This paper will critically review the comparison of conventional and recent advanced wastewater treatment systems and the mechanisms of the microalgae-bacteria symbiosis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Sin Chan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Ibbotson SH, Allan D, Dawe RS, Eadie E, Farr PM, Fassihi H, Fedele F, Ferguson J, Fityan A, Freeman P, Fullerton L, Goulden V, Haque S, Ling TC, Mackay A, McKenna K, Ralph N, Rhodes LE, Sarkany R, Turner D, Ungureanu S, Weatherhead S. Photodiagnostic services in the UK and Republic of Ireland: a British Photodermatology Group Workshop Report. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:2448-2455. [PMID: 34459043 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodiagnostic investigations are essential for the accurate diagnosis of abnormal cutaneous photosensitivity and provide important information for the management of patients with photodermatoses (cutaneous photosensitivity disorders). Although photodiagnosis has been undertaken since the early 1970s, specialist services in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland are limited and there is no formal guidance on diagnostic approach. Indeed, there is a limited literature in this area of methodology and diagnostic practice. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to undertake a British Photodermatology Group Workshop to review the role and activities of specialist centres in the UK and Republic of Ireland in order to ascertain whether there were consensus practices. Secondary objectives were to identify key priorities for service, training and research. METHODS An initial detailed survey review of current activities was undertaken prior to the Workshop and data from this survey were used to inform discussion at the Workshop, which was attended by key photodermatology experts from the UK and Republic of Ireland. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS We have undertaken a detailed review of current Photodiagnostic Services in the UK and Republic of Ireland and report on our findings from the 12 centres and we have identified key areas of consensus practice. This is an important step in the process of standardising and optimising procedures and protocols and defining minimum clinical standards for photodiagnostic investigations, which are of such diagnostic importance in Dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK.,Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - D Allan
- Medical Physics Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - R S Dawe
- Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - E Eadie
- Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - P M Farr
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - H Fassihi
- Photodermatology Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Fedele
- Photodermatology Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Ferguson
- Photodermatology Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Fityan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Hampshire, UK
| | - P Freeman
- Department of Medical Physics, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Fullerton
- Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - V Goulden
- Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S Haque
- Department of Dermatology, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - T C Ling
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A Mackay
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - K McKenna
- Department of Dermatology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - N Ralph
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L E Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R Sarkany
- Photodermatology Unit, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Turner
- Photodermatology Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S Ungureanu
- Department of Dermatology, Solihull Hospital, Solihull, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Weatherhead
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Yu KL, Lee XJ, Ong HC, Chen WH, Chang JS, Lin CS, Show PL, Ling TC. Adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue and anionic Congo red dyes using wet-torrefied microalgal biochar: Equilibrium, kinetic and mechanism modeling. Environ Pollut 2021; 272:115986. [PMID: 33187841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the adsorption behavior of cationic and anionic dyes of methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) onto wet-torrefied Chlorella sp. microalgal biochar respectively, as an approach to generate a waste-derived and low-cost adsorbent. The wet-torrefied microalgal biochar possessed microporous properties with pore diameter less than 2 nm. The optimum adsorbent dosage of wet-torrefied microalgal biochar for MB and CR dyes removal were determined at 1 g/L and 2 g/L, respectively, with their natural pHs as the optimum adsorption pHs. The determined equilibrium contact times for MB and CR were 120 h and 4 h, respectively. Based on the equilibrium modeling, the results revealed that Langmuir isotherm showed the best model fit, based on the highest R2 coefficient, for both the adsorption processes of MB and CR using the wet-torrefied microalgal biochar, indicating that the monolayer adsorption was the dominant process. From the modeling, the maximum adsorption capacities for MB and CR were 113.00 mg/g and 164.35 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic modeling indicated the adsorption rate and mechanism of the dyes adsorption processes, which could be crucial for future modeling and application of wet-torrefied microalgal biochar. From the results, it suggests that the valorization of microalgae by utilizing wet-torrefied microalgal biochar as the effective adsorbent for the removal of toxic dyes with an approach of microalgal biorefinery and value-added application to the environment is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Yu
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Xin Jiat Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Research in Energy Sciences (ENERGY), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Bioseparation Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chia JY, Khoo KS, Ling TC, Croft L, Manickam S, Yap YJ, Show PL. Description and detection of excludons as transcriptional regulators in gram-positive, gram-negative and archaeal strains of prokaryotes. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Lin YK, Leong HY, Ling TC, Lin DQ, Yao SJ. Raman spectroscopy as process analytical tool in downstream processing of biotechnology. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Cheng SY, Show PL, Juan JC, Chang JS, Lau BF, Lai SH, Ng EP, Yian HC, Ling TC. Landfill leachate wastewater treatment to facilitate resource recovery by a coagulation-flocculation process via hydrogen bond. Chemosphere 2021; 262:127829. [PMID: 32768754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent trend to recover value-added products from wastewater calls for more effective pre-treatment technology. Conventional landfill leachate treatment is often complex and thus causes negative environmental impacts and financial burden. In order to facilitate downstream processing of leachate wastewater for production of energy or value-added products, it is pertinent to maximize leachate treatment performance by using simple yet effective technology that removes pollutants with minimum chemical added into the wastewater that could potentially affect downstream processing. Hence, the optimization of coagulation-flocculation leachate treatment using multivariate approach is crucial. Central composite design was applied to optimize operating parameters viz. Alum dosage, pH and mixing speed. Quadratic model indicated that the optimum COD removal of 54% is achieved with low alum dosage, pH and mixing speed of 750 mgL-1, 8.5 and 100 rpm, respectively. Optimization result showed that natural pH of the mature landfill leachate sample is optimum for alum coagulation process. Hence, the cost of pH adjustment could be reduced for industrial application by adopting optimized parameters. The inherent mechanism of pollutant removal was elucidated by FTIR peaks at 3853 cm-1 which indicated that hydrogen bonds play a major role in leachate removal by forming well aggregated flocs. This is concordance with SEM image that the floc was well aggregated with the porous linkages and amorphous surface structure. The optimization of leachate treatment has been achieved by minimizing the usage of alum under optimized condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yin Cheng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation) Office, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Research Centre for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Beng Fye Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sai Hin Lai
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Science, Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Haw Choon Yian
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Phoon BL, Ong CC, Mohamed Saheed MS, Show PL, Chang JS, Ling TC, Lam SS, Juan JC. Conventional and emerging technologies for removal of antibiotics from wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2020; 400:122961. [PMID: 32947727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and pharmaceuticals related products are used to enhance public health and quality of life. The wastewater that is produced from pharmaceutical industries still contains noticeable amount of antibiotics, and this has remained one of the major environmental problems facing public health. The conventional wastewater remediation approach employed by the pharmaceutical industries for the antibiotics wastewater removal is unable to remove the antibiotics completely. Besides, municipal and livestock wastewater also contain unmetabolized antibiotics released by human and animal, respectively. The antibiotic found in wastewater leads to antibiotic resistance challenges, also emergence of superbugs. Currently, numerous technological approaches have been developed to remove antibiotics from the wastewater. Therefore, it was imperative to critically review the weakness and strength of these current advanced technological approaches in use. Besides, the conventional methods for removal of antibiotics such as Klavaroti et al., Homem and Santos also discussed. Although, membrane treatment is discovered as the ultimate choice of approach, to completely remove the antibiotics, while the filtered antibiotics are still retained on the membrane. This study found, hybrid processes to be the best solution antibiotics removal from wastewater. Nevertheless, real-time monitoring system is also recommended to ascertain that, wastewater is cleared of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Lee Phoon
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3 Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Cheen Ong
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3 Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Science, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Tabandeh M, Cheng CK, Centi G, Show PL, Chen WH, Ling TC, Ong HC, Ng EP, Juan JC, Lam SS. Recent advancement in deoxygenation of fatty acids via homogeneous catalysis for biofuel production. Molecular Catalysis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Cheng SY, Show PL, Juan JC, Ling TC, Lau BF, Lai SH, Ng EP. Sustainable landfill leachate treatment: Optimize use of guar gum as natural coagulant and floc characterization. Environ Res 2020; 188:109737. [PMID: 32554270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable wastewater treatment necessitates the application of natural and green material in the approach. Thus, selecting a natural coagulant in leachate treatment is a crucial step in landfill operation to prevent secondary environmental pollution due to residual inorganic coagulant in treated effluent. Current study investigated the application of guar gum in landfill leachate treatment. Central composite design in response surface methodology was used to optimize the performance of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal. Quadratic model developed indicated the optimum COD removal 22.57% at guar gum dosage of 44.39 mg/L, pH 8.56 (natural pH of leachate) and mixing speed 79.27 rpm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that floc was compact and energy-dispersive-x-ray analysis showed that guar gum was capable to adsorb multiple ions from the leachate. Structural characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared analysis demonstrated that hydrogen bonding between guar and pollutant particles was involved in coagulation and flocculation process. Therefore, guar gum coagulant present potential to be an alternative in leachate treatment where pH requirement is not required during treatment. Simultaneously, adsorption by guar gum offers added pollutant removal advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yin Cheng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation) Office, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Beng Fye Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sai Hin Lai
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Science, Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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22
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Fayyaz M, Chew KW, Show PL, Ling TC, Ng IS, Chang JS. Genetic engineering of microalgae for enhanced biorefinery capabilities. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107554. [PMID: 32437732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based bioproducts are in limelight because of their promising future, novel characteristics, the current situation of population needs, and rising prices of rapidly depleting energy resources. Algae-based products are considered as clean sustainable energy and food resources. At present, they are not commercialized due to their high production cost and low yield. In recent years, novel genome editing tools like RNAi, ZNFs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 are used to enhance the quality and quantity of the desired products. Genetic and metabolic engineering are frequently applied because of their rapid and precise results than random mutagenesis. Omic approaches help enhance biorefinery capabilities and are now in the developing stage for algae. The future is very bright for transgenic algae with increased biomass yield, carbon dioxide uptake rate, accumulating high-value compounds, reduction in cultivation, and production costs, thus reaching the goal in the global algal market and capital flow. However, microalgae are primary producers and any harmful exposure to the wild strains can affect the entire ecosystem. Therefore, strict regulation and monitoring are required to assess the potential risks before introducing genetically modified microalgae into the natural ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmooda Fayyaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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Azmi AAB, Sankaran R, Show PL, Ling TC, Tao Y, Munawaroh HSH, Kong PS, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Current application of electrical pre-treatment for enhanced microalgal biomolecules extraction. Bioresour Technol 2020; 302:122874. [PMID: 32007308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment of microalgal biomass possessing rigid cell wall is a critical step for enhancing the efficiency of microalgal biorefinery. However, the conventional pretreatment processes suffer the drawbacks of complex processing steps, long processing time, low conversion efficiency and high processing costs. This significantly hinders the industrial applicability of microalgal biorefinery. The innovative electricity-aid pretreatment techniques serve as a promising processing tool to extensively enhance the release of intracellular substances from microalgae. In this review, application of electric field-based techniques and recent advances of using electrical pretreatments on microalgae cell focusing on pulsed electric field, electrolysis, high voltage electrical discharges and moderate electric field are reviewed. In addition, the emerging techniques integrating electrolysis with liquid biphasic flotation process as promising downstream approach is discussed. This review delivers broad knowledge of the present significance of the application of these methods focusing on the development of electric assisted biomolecules extraction from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Azim Bin Azmi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Revathy Sankaran
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | | | - Pei San Kong
- Sime Darby Plantation Research Sdn. Bhd. (formerly known as Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd.) (Company No. 560590-X), R&D Centre, Lot 2664, Jalan Pulau Carey, 42960 Pulau Carey, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Lau BF, Kong KW, Leong KH, Sun J, He X, Wang Z, Mustafa MR, Ling TC, Ismail A. Banana inflorescence: Its bio-prospects as an ingredient for functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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25
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Tan CH, Show PL, Lam MK, Fu X, Ling TC, Chen CY, Chang JS. Examination of indigenous microalgal species for maximal protein synthesis. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sankaran R, Parra Cruz RA, Pakalapati H, Show PL, Ling TC, Chen WH, Tao Y. Recent advances in the pretreatment of microalgal and lignocellulosic biomass: A comprehensive review. Bioresour Technol 2020; 298:122476. [PMID: 31810736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal and lignocellulosic biomass is the most sumptuous renewable bioresource raw material existing on earth. Recently, the bioconversion of biomass into biofuels have received significant attention replacing fossil fuels. Pretreatment of biomass is a critical process in the conversion due to the nature and structure of the biomass cell wall that is complex. Although green technologies for biofuel production are advancing, the productivity and yield from these techniques are low. Over the past years, various pretreatment techniques have been developed and successfully employed to improve the technology. This paper presents an in-depth review of the recent advancement of pretreatment methods focusing on microalgal and lignocellulosic biomass. The technological approaches involving physical, chemical, biological and other latest pretreatment methods are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sankaran
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ricardo Andres Parra Cruz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Harshini Pakalapati
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Abstract
Leachate waste consists of various mixtures of organic, inorganic, and heavy metal<br />
contaminants, which are responsible for groundwater and surface water contamination.<br />
Landfills apply physical, chemical, and biological processes for the treatment of leachate.<br />
Most studies on leachate treatment by coagulation and flocculation are based on the selection and performance of natural based biopolymers in comparison with various inorganic metal salts and grafted polymers used for the removal of contaminants. In addition, adsorption processes utilizing non-conventional activated carbons as absorbents are the current emerging focus of the researchers in leachate treatment. These adsorbents are low-in-cost, efficient, and renewable compared to conventional adsorbents. The present paper aimed to evaluate and review the technology utilising various greener approaches in coagulation, flocculation, and adsorption as the physicochemical approaches to leachate treatment. The challenges and future work regarding the development of these green products in the commercial markets were comprehensively evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuefei Tan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090; Dalian SEM Bio-Engineer
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28
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Cheng SY, Show PL, Lau BF, Chang JS, Ling TC. New Prospects for Modified Algae in Heavy Metal Adsorption. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1255-1268. [PMID: 31174882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is one of the most pervasive environmental problems globally. Novel finely tuned algae have been proposed as a means to improve the efficacy and selectivity of heavy metal biosorption. This article reviews current research on selective algal heavy metal adsorption and critically discusses the performance of novel biosorbents. We emphasize emerging state-of-the-art techniques that customize algae for enhanced performance and selectivity, particularly molecular and chemical extraction techniques as well as nanoparticle (NP) synthesis approaches. The mechanisms and processes for developing novel algal biosorbents are also presented. Finally, we discuss the applications, challenges, and future prospects for modified algae in heavy metal biosorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yin Cheng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Beng Fye Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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29
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Yew GY, Chew KW, Malek MA, Ho YC, Chen WH, Ling TC, Show PL. Hybrid liquid biphasic system for cell disruption and simultaneous lipid extraction from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana CY-1 for biofuel production. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:252. [PMID: 31666807 PMCID: PMC6813982 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extraction of lipids from microalgae requires a pretreatment process to break the cell wall and subsequent extraction processes to obtain the lipids for biofuels production. The multistep operation tends to incur high costs and are energy intensive due to longer process operations. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution. RESULT Several parameters which can affect the biphasic system were analyzed: contact time, volume of solvent, volume ratio, type of organic solvent, biomass amount and concentration of solvents, to extract the highest amount of lipids from microalgae. The results were optimized and up to 83.5% of lipid recovery yield and 94.6% of enhancement was successfully achieved. The results obtain from GC-FID were similar to the analysis of triglyceride lipid standard. CONCLUSION The profound hybrid biphasic system shows great potential to radically disrupt the cell wall of microalgae and instantaneously extract lipids in a single-step approach. The lipids extracted were tested to for its comparability to biodiesel performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yong Yew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Marlinda Abdul Malek
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), University Tenaga National, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
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30
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Khoo KS, Chew KW, Ooi CW, Ong HC, Ling TC, Show PL. Extraction of natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using liquid biphasic flotation system. Bioresour Technol 2019; 290:121794. [PMID: 31319214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the application of liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) for the efficient and rapid recovery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis microalgae. The performance of LBF for the extraction of astaxanthin was studied comprehensively under different operating conditions, including types and concentrations of food-grade alcohol and salt, volume ratio, addition of neutral salt, flotation period, and mass of dried H. pluvialis biomass powder. The maximum recovery, extraction efficiency and partition coefficient of astaxanthin obtained from the optimum LBF system were 95.11 ± 1.35%, 99.84 ± 0.05% and 385.16 ± 3.87, respectively. A scaled-up LBF system was also performed, demonstrating the feasibility of extracting natural astaxanthin from microalgae at a larger scale. This exploration of LBF system opens a promising avenue to the extraction of astaxanthin at lower cost and shorter processing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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31
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Khoo KS, Lee SY, Ooi CW, Fu X, Miao X, Ling TC, Show PL. Recent advances in biorefinery of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Bioresour Technol 2019; 288:121606. [PMID: 31178260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is one of the most abundant sources of natural astaxanthin as compared to others microorganism. Therefore, it is important to understand the biorefinery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis, starting from the cultivation stage to the downstream processing of astaxanthin. The present review begins with an introduction of cellular morphologies and life cycle of H. pluvialis from green vegetative motile stage to red non-motile haematocyst stage. Subsequently, the conventional biorefinery methods (e.g., mechanical disruption, solvent extraction, direct extraction using vegetable oils, and enhanced solvent extraction) and recent advanced biorefinery techniques (e.g., supercritical CO2 extraction, magnetic-assisted extraction, ionic liquids extraction, and supramolecular solvent extraction) were presented and evaluated. Moreover, future prospect and challenges were highlighted to provide a useful guide for future development of biorefinery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. The review aims to serve as a present knowledge for researchers dealing with the bioproduction of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sze Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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32
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Tan CH, Show PL, Ling TC, Nagarajan D, Lee DJ, Chen WH, Chang JS. Exploring the potency of integrating semi-batch operation into lipid yield performance of Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03. Bioresour Technol 2019; 285:121331. [PMID: 30999192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Third generation biofuels, also known as microalgal biofuels, are promising alternatives to fossil fuels. One attractive option is microalgal biodiesel as a replacement for diesel fuel. Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03 was previously optimized for maximal lipid production for biodiesel generation, achieving biomass growth and productivity of 3.48 ± 0.04 g/L and 0.43 ± 0.01 g/L/d, with lipid content and productivity of 28.6 ± 1.41% and 124.1 ± 7.57 mg/L/d. In this study, further optimization using 5% CO2 concentration and semi-batch operation with 25% medium replacement ratio, enhanced the biomass growth and productivity to 4.15 ± 0.12 g/L and 1.23 ± 0.02 g/L/d, with lipid content and productivity of 19.4 ± 2.0% and 239.6 ± 24.8 mg/L/d. The major fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). These short-chain FAMEs combined with high growth make Chlamydomonas sp. Tai-03 a suitable candidate for biodiesel synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hong Tan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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33
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Sankaran R, Bong JH, Chow YH, Wong FWF, Ling TC, Show PL. Reverse Micellar System in Protein Recovery - A Review of the Latest Developments. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:1012-1026. [PMID: 31264547 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190628142203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reversed micellar system (RMS) is an innovative technique used for the isolation, extraction and purification of proteins and enzymes. Studies have demonstrated that RMS is an efficient purification technology for extracting proteins and enzymes from natural plant materials or fermentation broth. Lately, reverse micelles have wider biological applications and the ease of scaling up and the possibility for the continuous process have made RMS a vital purification technique in various fields. In this study, an extensive review of RMS with the current application in biotechnology is examined. This review provides insights into the fundamental principles, key variables and parameters of RMS. In addition, a comparative study of RMS with other liquid-liquid extraction techniques is also included. The present review aims to provide a general overview of RMS by summarising the research works, since the introduction of the technology to current development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sankaran
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jenn Hau Bong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yin Hui Chow
- School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Show PL, Pal P, Leong HY, Juan JC, Ling TC. A review on the advanced leachate treatment technologies and their performance comparison: an opportunity to keep the environment safe. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:227. [PMID: 30887225 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Landfill application is the most common approach for biowaste treatment via leachate treatment system. When municipal solid waste deposited in the landfills, microbial decomposition breaks down the wastes generating the end products, such as carbon dioxide, methane, volatile organic compounds, and liquid leachate. However, due to the landfill age, the fluctuation in the characteristics of landfill leachate is foreseen in the leachate treatment plant. The focuses of the researchers are keeping leachate from contaminating groundwater besides keeping potent methane emissions from reaching the atmosphere. To address the above issues, scientists are required to adopt green biological methods to keep the environment safe. This review focuses on the assorting of research papers on organic content and nitrogen removal from the leachate via recent effective biological technologies instead of conventional nitrification and denitrification process. The published researches on the characteristics of various Malaysian landfill sites were also discussed. The understanding of the mechanism behind the nitrification and denitrification process will help to select an optimized and effective biological treatment option in treating the leachate waste. Recently, widely studied technologies for the biological treatment process are aerobic methane oxidation coupled to denitrification (AME-D) and partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) process, and both were discussed in this review article. This paper gives the idea of the modification of the conventional treatment technologies, such as combining the present processes to make the treatment process more effective. With the integration of biological process in the leachate treatment, the effluent discharge could be treated in shortcut and novel pathways, and it can lead to achieving "3Rs" of reduce, reuse, and recycle approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Bioseparation Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Centre for Food and Bioproduct Processing, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Preeti Pal
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Hui Yi Leong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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35
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Ali SM, Raman J, Lakshmanan H, Ling TC, Phan CW, Tan YS, Sabaratnam V. Surface Decoration of Selenium Nanoparticles by Proteins from the Culinary-Medicinal Shiitake Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes), for Enhanced Fibrinolytic Activity. Int J Med Mushrooms 2019; 20:1021-1030. [PMID: 30806227 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2018028307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lentinus edodes (shiitake mushroom) has exhibited fibrinolytic activity. We synthesized and characterized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using protein precipitated from the mushroom. We also investigated the fibrinolytic activity of the SeNPs. The proteins from a crude extract of L. edodes were recovered through the use of aqueous 2-phase separation, and these we used as the capping agent in SeNP biosynthesis. We characterized the SeNPs using UV-visible spectrophotometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The fibrinolytic capability of the SeNPs was tested through an in vitro fibrin plate assay. The UV-visible spectra showed maximal absorbance at 220 nm. FESEM images showed that the SeNPs were dispersed and did not clump. The TEM images revealed a spherical shape and average size of the SeNPs. The particle size distribution analysis confirmed the mean size of the SeNPs at 64.53 nm. A strong signal for the presence of selenium was observed in the EDX analysis. The FT-IR spectrum revealed the involvement of protein functional groups in the reduction of sel-enite. Overall, the SeNPs capped with protein from shiitake mushroom were effective as an in vitro fibrinolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharjahan Mohamed Ali
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia-Wei Phan
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Shin Tan
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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36
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Choo MY, Juan JC, Oi LE, Ling TC, Ng EP, Rahman Noorsaadah A, Centi G, Lee KT. The role of nanosized zeolite Y in the H2-free catalytic deoxygenation of triolein. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01877d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction in zeolite Y crystal size has improved the triolein conversion, yield of deoxygenated product and diesel range hydrocarbon selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yee Choo
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT)
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT)
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
- Monash University
| | - Lee Eng Oi
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT)
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Penang
- Malaysia
| | | | - Gabriele Centi
- University of Messina
- ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM
- Departments ChiBioFarAm and MIFT
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Penang
- Malaysia
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37
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Ng EP, Mohammad S AG, Rigolet S, Daou TJ, Mintova S, Ling TC. Micro- and macroscopic observations of the nucleation process and crystal growth of nanosized Cs-pollucite in an organotemplate-free hydrosol. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nucleation and crystal growth of a nanosized cesium pollucite zeolite from an organotemplate-free hydrosol under mild conditions (low pressure and temperature) are followed and reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Aleid Ghadah Mohammad S
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry (Preparatory Year)
- Faculty of Science
| | - Severinne Rigolet
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Axe Matériaux à Porosités Contrôlées
- Institut de Science de Matériaux de Mulhouse UMR 7361
- ENSCMu
- 68093 Mulhouse
| | - T. Jean Daou
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- Axe Matériaux à Porosités Contrôlées
- Institut de Science de Matériaux de Mulhouse UMR 7361
- ENSCMu
- 68093 Mulhouse
| | | | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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38
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Phwan CK, Chew KW, Sebayang AH, Ong HC, Ling TC, Malek MA, Ho YC, Show PL. Effects of acids pre-treatment on the microbial fermentation process for bioethanol production from microalgae. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:191. [PMID: 31384298 PMCID: PMC6668136 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are one of the promising feedstock that consists of high carbohydrate content which can be converted into bioethanol. Pre-treatment is one of the critical steps required to release fermentable sugars to be used in the microbial fermentation process. In this study, the reducing sugar concentration of Chlorella species was investigated by pre-treating the biomass with dilute sulfuric acid and acetic acid at different concentrations 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% (v/v). RESULTS 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, FTIR, and GC-FID were employed to evaluate the reducing sugar concentration, functional groups of alcohol bonds and concentration of bioethanol, respectively. The two-way ANOVA results (p < 0.05) indicated that there was a significant difference in the concentration and type of acids towards bioethanol production. The highest bioethanol yield obtained was 0.28 g ethanol/g microalgae which was found in microalgae sample pre-treated with 5% (v/v) sulfuric acid while 0.23 g ethanol/g microalgal biomass was presented in microalgae sample pre-treated with 5% (v/v) acetic acid. CONCLUSION The application of acid pre-treatment on microalgae for bioethanol production will contribute to higher effectiveness and lower energy consumption compared to other pre-treatment methods. The findings from this study are essential for the commercial production of bioethanol from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Kee Phwan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Abdi Hanra Sebayang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marlinda Abdul Malek
- Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yeek-Chia Ho
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
- Centre for Urban Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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Chew KW, Chia SR, Show PL, Ling TC, Arya SS, Chang JS. Food waste compost as an organic nutrient source for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresour Technol 2018; 267:356-362. [PMID: 30029182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the prospective of substituting inorganic medium with organic food waste compost medium as a nutrient supplement for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E. Various percentages of compost mixtures were replaced in the inorganic medium to compare the algal growth and biochemical composition. The use of 25% compost mixture combination was found to yield higher biomass concentration (11.1%) and better lipid (10.1%) and protein (2.0%) content compared with microalgae cultivation in fully inorganic medium. These results exhibited the potential of combining the inorganic medium with organic food waste compost medium as an effective way to reduce the cultivation cost of microalgae and to increase the biochemical content in the cultivated microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wayne Chew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shir Reen Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shalini S Arya
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 107, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 107, Taiwan
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40
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Sankaran R, Manickam S, Yap YJ, Ling TC, Chang JS, Show PL. Extraction of proteins from microalgae using integrated method of sugaring-out assisted liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) and ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 48:231-239. [PMID: 30080546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simple sugaring-out supported by liquid biphasic flotation technique combined with ultrasonication was introduced for the extraction of proteins from microalgae. Sugaring-out as a phase separation method is novel and has been used in the extraction of metal ions, biomolecules and drugs. But, its functioning in protein separation from microalgae is still unknown. In this work, the feasibility of sugaring-out coupled with ultrasound for the extraction of protein was investigated. Primary studies were carried out to examine the effect of sonication on the microalgae cell as well as the separation efficiency of the integrated method. Effect of various operating parameters such as the concentration of microalgae biomass, the location of sonication probe, sonication time, ultrasonic pulse mode (includes varying ON and OFF duration of sonication), concentration of glucose, types of sugar, concentration of acetonitrile and the flow rate in the flotation system for achieving a higher separation efficiency and yield of protein were assessed. Besides, a large-scale study of the integration method was conducted to verify the consistency of the followed technique. A maximum efficiency (86.38%) and yield (93.33%) were attained at the following optimized conditions: 0.6% biomass concentration, 200 g/L of glucose concentration, 100% acetonitrile concentration with 5 min of 5 s ON/10 s OFF pulse mode and at a flow rate of 100 cc/min. The results obtained for large scale were 85.25% and 92.24% for efficiency and yield respectively. The proposed liquid biphasic flotation assisted with ultrasound for protein separation employing sugaring-out demonstrates a high production and separation efficiency and is a cost-effective solution. More importantly, this method provides the possibility of extending its application for the extraction of other important biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sankaran
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Taiwan and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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41
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Lin YK, Show PL, Yap YJ, Ariff A, Annuar MSBM, Lai OM, Ling TC, Ng EP. Extractive Bioconversion of Gamma-Cyclodextrin and Recycling of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase in Liquid Biphasic System Using Thermo-Separating Polymer. Front Chem 2018; 6:448. [PMID: 30345267 PMCID: PMC6182088 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An extractive bioconversion conducted on soluble starch with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) enzyme in ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EOPO)/potassium phosphates liquid biphasic system (LBS) to extract gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was examined. A range of EOPO (with potassium phosphates) molecular weights was screen to investigate the effect of the latter on the partioning efficency of CGTase and γ-CD. The results show that the optimal top phase γ-CD yield (74.4%) was reached in 35.0% (w/w) EOPO 970 and 10.0% (w/w) potassium phosphate with 2.0% (w/w) sodium chloride. A theoretical explanation for the effect of NaCl on γ-CD was also presented. After a 2 h bioconversion process, a total of 0.87 mg/mL concentration of γ-CD was produced in the EOPO/ phosphates LBS top phase. After the extraction of top phase from LBS, four continuous repetitive batches were successfully conducted with relative CGTase activity of 1.00, 0.86, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kiat Lin
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya Ariff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Oi Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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42
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Phong WN, Show PL, Chow YH, Ling TC. Recovery of biotechnological products using aqueous two phase systems. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:273-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Chia SR, Show PL, Phang SM, Ling TC, Ong HC. Sustainable approach in phlorotannin recovery from macroalgae. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:220-225. [PMID: 29673988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, alcohol/salt liquid biphasic system was used to extract phlorotannin from brown macroalgae. Liquid biphasic system is a new green technology that integrated with various processes into one-step, by concentrating, separating and purifying the bioproduct in a unit operation. The solvent used is non-toxic and there is potential for solvent recovery which is beneficial to the environment. Phlorotannin is a bioactive compound that has gained much attention due to its health beneficial effect. Therefore, the isolation of phlorotannin is lucrative as it contains various biological activities that are capable to be utilised into food and pharmaceutical application. By using 2-propanol/ammonium sulphate system, the highest recovery of phlorotannin was 76.1% and 91.67% with purification factor of 2.49 and 1.59 from Padina australis and Sargassum binderi, respectively. A recycling study was performed and the salt phase of system was recycled where maximum salt recovery of 41.04% and 72.39% could be obtained from systems containing P. australis and S. binderi, respectively. Similar recovery of phlorotannin was observed after performing two cycles of the system, this concludes that the system has good recyclability and eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Reen Chia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Bioseparation Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Bioseparation Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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44
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Leong HY, Ooi CW, Law CL, Julkifle AL, Ling TC, Show PL. Application of liquid biphasic flotation for betacyanins extraction from peel and flesh of Hylocereus polyrhizus and antioxidant activity evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Phong WN, Show PL, Le CF, Tao Y, Chang JS, Ling TC. Improving cell disruption efficiency to facilitate protein release from microalgae using chemical and mechanical integrated method. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Chia SR, Chew KW, Show PL, Yap YJ, Ong HC, Ling TC, Chang JS. Analysis of Economic and Environmental Aspects of Microalgae Biorefinery for Biofuels Production: A Review. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700618. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shir Reen Chia
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- Bioseparation Research Group; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- Bioseparation Research Group; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Bioseparation Research Group; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- Bioseparation Research Group; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Applied Mathematics; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Semenyih 43500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Faculty of Engineering; Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 701 Taiwan
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47
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Sankaran R, Show PL, Lee SY, Yap YJ, Ling TC. Integration process of fermentation and liquid biphasic flotation for lipase separation from Burkholderia cepacia. Bioresour Technol 2018; 250:306-316. [PMID: 29174909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid Biphasic Flotation (LBF) is an advanced recovery method that has been effectively applied for biomolecules extraction. The objective of this investigation is to incorporate the fermentation and extraction process of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia using flotation system. Initial study was conducted to compare the performance of bacteria growth and lipase production using flotation and shaker system. From the results obtained, bacteria shows quicker growth and high lipase yield via flotation system. Integration process for lipase separation was investigated and the result showed high efficiency reaching 92.29% and yield of 95.73%. Upscaling of the flotation system exhibited consistent result with the lab-scale which are 89.53% efficiency and 93.82% yield. The combination of upstream and downstream processes in a single system enables the acceleration of product formation, improves the product yield and facilitates downstream processing. This integration system demonstrated its potential for biomolecules fermentation and separation that possibly open new opportunities for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Sankaran
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sze Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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48
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Lo SC, Ramanan RN, Tey BT, Tan WS, Show PL, Ling TC, Ooi CW. Purification of the recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein from Escherichia coli using alcohol + salt aqueous two-phase systems. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Chew KW, Ling TC, Show PL. Recent Developments and Applications of Three-Phase Partitioning for the Recovery of Proteins. Separation & Purification Reviews 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2018.1427596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wayne Chew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Bioseparation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Bioseparation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43500, Malaysia
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50
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Yu KL, Lau BF, Show PL, Ong HC, Ling TC, Chen WH, Ng EP, Chang JS. Recent developments on algal biochar production and characterization. Bioresour Technol 2017. [PMID: 28844690 DOI: 10.1016/jbiortech.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Algal biomass is known as a promising sustainable feedstock for the production of biofuels and other valuable products. However, since last decade, massive amount of interests have turned to converting algal biomass into biochar. Due to their high nutrient content and ion-exchange capacity, algal biochars can be used as soil amendment for agriculture purposes or adsorbents in wastewater treatment for the removal of organic or inorganic pollutants. This review describes the conventional (e.g., slow and microwave-assisted pyrolysis) and newly developed (e.g., hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction) methods used for the synthesis of algae-based biochars. The characterization of algal biochar and a comparison between algal biochar with biochar produced from other feedstocks are also presented. This review aims to provide updated information on the development of algal biochar in terms of the production methods and the characterization of its physical and chemical properties to justify and to expand their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Yu
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Beng Fye Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Bioseparation Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Eng Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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