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Cantillon M, Hennessy T, Amon B, Dragoni F, O'Brien D. Mitigation of gaseous emissions from dairy livestock: A farm-level method to examine the financial implications. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:119904. [PMID: 38194877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Feeding the world's population while minimising the contribution of agriculture to climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing modern society. This challenge is particularly pronounced for dairy production where the carbon footprint of products and the mitigation costs are high, relative to other food stuffs. This paper reviews a number of mitigation measures that may be adopted by dairy farmers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from their farms. A simulation model is developed to assess the cost-benefit of a range of mitigation measures. The model is applied to data from Ireland, a country with a large export-oriented dairy industry, for a range of farms including top, middle and bottom performing farms from a profitability perspective. The mitigation measures modelled included animal productivity, grass production and utilisation, better reproductive performance, early compact calving, reduced crude protein, decreased fertiliser N, protected urea, white clover, slurry tank cover and low emission slurry spreading (LESS). The results show that over half of the greenhouse gas abatement potential and most of the ammonia abatement potential were realised with cost-beneficial measures. Animal and feed-related measures that increased efficiency drove the abatement of GHG emissions. Low-emission slurry spreading was beneficial for the bottom and middle one-third of farms, while protected urea and reducing nitrogen use accounted for most of the ammonia abatement potential for the most profitable farms. Results showed that combining mitigation measures resulted in a decrease of 23%, 19%, and 12% in GHG emissions below 2020 levels for the bottom, middle, and top performing dairy farms, respectively. The findings imply that top dairy farms, that are already managed efficiently and optimally, may struggle to achieve the national and international GHG reduction targets with existing technologies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cantillon
- Teagasc, Crops, Environment and Land Use Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland; Cork University Business School, University College Cork, College Road, Ireland.
| | - T Hennessy
- Cork University Business School, University College Cork, College Road, Ireland
| | - B Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; University of Zielona Gora, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Poland
| | - F Dragoni
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D O'Brien
- Teagasc, Crops, Environment and Land Use Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
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Palma-Molina P, Hennessy T, Dillon E, Onakuse S, Moran B, Shalloo L. Evaluating the effects of grass management technologies on the physical, environmental, and financial performance of Irish pasture-based dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6249-6262. [PMID: 37500433 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Grass management technologies (grass measuring devices and grassland management decision support tools) have been identified as important tools to improve the performance of pasture-based dairy farms. They have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and sustainability of dairy systems by increasing milk production through enhanced pasture growth and utilization, which would reduce the need for supplementary feeds, along with increased output, therefore increasing farm profitability and environmental sustainability. Despite the several potential benefits of grass management technologies, there is a lack of empirical research around the effects of these technologies on the performance of pasture-based dairy systems. The current study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by using a 2018 nationally representative survey of Irish dairy farms and a propensity score matching approach to determine the effects of adopting grass management technologies on the physical, environmental, and financial performance of Irish pasture-based dairy farms. The findings showed that dairy farms utilizing grass management technologies had, on average, higher farm physical, environmental, and financial performance (in terms of grazed pasture use, total pasture use, length of the grazing season, milk yield, milk solids, greenhouse gas emissions per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk, gross output, and gross margin) compared with dairy farms not utilizing these technologies. However, when controlling for selection bias, we can only attribute a positive causal effect of grass management technology adoption on the use of grazed pasture per cow, grazing season length, milk yield per cow, and milk solids per cow. This might be due to dairy farmers not yet using the technologies to their full potential, 2018 being an unusual year in terms of weather (and therefore not being able to capture the full range of farm performance benefits), or because grass management technologies need to be adopted in association with other technologies and practices to achieve their expected performance outcomes. Future research should include updated farm-level data to capture the weather and learning effects and so be able to determine the impact of grass management technologies on a wider range of performance indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma-Molina
- Department of Food Business and Development, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 K8AF; Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996.
| | - T Hennessy
- Department of Food Business and Development, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 K8AF
| | - E Dillon
- Teagasc, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland H65 R718
| | - S Onakuse
- Department of Food Business and Development, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 K8AF
| | - B Moran
- Teagasc, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland H65 R718
| | - L Shalloo
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
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Palma-Molina P, Hennessy T, O'Connor AH, Onakuse S, O'Leary N, Moran B, Shalloo L. Factors associated with intensity of technology adoption and with the adoption of 4 clusters of precision livestock farming technologies in Irish pasture-based dairy systems. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2498-2509. [PMID: 36797180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies have been widely promoted as important tools to improve the sustainability of dairy systems due to perceived economic, social, and environmental benefits. However, there is still limited information about the level of adoption of PLF technologies (percentage of farms with a PLF technology) and the factors (farm and farmer characteristics) associated with PLF technology adoption in pasture-based dairy systems. The current research aimed to address this knowledge gap by using a representative survey of Irish pasture-based dairy farms from 2018. First, we established the levels of adoption of 9 PLF technologies (individual cow activity sensors, rising plate meters, automatic washers, automatic cluster removers, automatic calf feeders, automatic parlor feeders, automatic drafting gates, milk meters, and a grassland management decision-support tool) and grouped them into 4 PLF technology clusters according to the level of association with each other and the area of dairy farm management in which they are used. The PLF technology clusters were reproductive management technologies, grass management technologies, milking management technologies, and calf management technologies. Additionally, we classified farms into 3 categories of intensity of technology adoption based on the number of PLF technologies they have adopted (nonadoption, low intensity of adoption, and high intensity of adoption). Second, we determined the factors associated with the intensity of technology adoption and with the adoption of the PLF technology clusters. A multinomial logistic regression model and 4 logistic regressions were used to determine the factors associated with intensity of adoption (low and high intensity of adoption compared with nonadoption) and with the adoption of the 4 PLF technology clusters, respectively. Adoption levels varied depending on PLF technology, with the most adopted PLF technologies being those related to the milking process (e.g., automatic parlor feeders and milk meters). The results of the multinomial logistic regression suggest that herd size, proportion of hired labor, agricultural education, and discussion group membership were positively associated with a high intensity of adoption, whereas age of farmer and number of household members were negatively associated with high intensity of adoption. However, when analyzing PLF technology clusters, the magnitude and direction of the influence of the factors in technology adoption varied depending on the PLF technology cluster being investigated. By identifying the PLF technologies in which pasture-based dairy farmers are investing more and by detecting potential drivers and barriers for the adoption of PLF technologies, the current study could allow PLF technology companies, practitioners, and researchers to develop and target strategies that improve future adoption of PLF technologies in pasture-based dairy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma-Molina
- Department of Food Business and Development, Cork University Business School, West Wing, Main Quadrangle, University College Cork, Ireland, T12 K8AF; Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996.
| | - T Hennessy
- Department of Food Business and Development, Cork University Business School, West Wing, Main Quadrangle, University College Cork, Ireland, T12 K8AF
| | - A H O'Connor
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - S Onakuse
- Department of Food Business and Development, Cork University Business School, West Wing, Main Quadrangle, University College Cork, Ireland, T12 K8AF
| | - N O'Leary
- Hincks Centre for Entrepreneurship Excellence, School of Business, Munster Technological University, Co. Cork, Ireland T12 P928
| | - B Moran
- Teagasc, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland H65 R718
| | - L Shalloo
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
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Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Morris J, Bressler S, Thompson G, Lecy D, Rudolph K, Bulkow L, Hennessy T, Simons BC, Weng MK, Nelson N, McMahon BJ. Protection and antibody levels 35 years after primary series with hepatitis B vaccine and response to a booster dose. Hepatology 2022; 76:1180-1189. [PMID: 35320592 PMCID: PMC9790192 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The duration of protection from hepatitis B vaccination in children and adults is not known. In 1981, we used three doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine to immunize a cohort of 1578 Alaska Native adults and children from 15 Alaska communities who were ≥6 months old. APPROACH AND RESULTS We tested persons for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels 35 years after receiving the primary series. Those with levels <10 mIU/ml received one booster dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine 2-4 weeks later and were then evaluated on the basis of anti-HBs measurements 30 days postbooster. Among the 320 recruited, 112 persons had not participated in the 22- or 30-year follow-up study (group 1), and 208 persons had participated but were not given an HBV booster dose (group 2). Among the 112 persons in group 1 who responded to the original primary series, 53 (47.3%) had an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/ml. Among group 1, 73.7% (28 of 38) of persons available for a booster dose responded to it with an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/ml at 30 days. Initial anti-HBs level after the primary series was correlated with higher anti-HBs levels at 35 years. Among 8 persons who tested positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, none tested positive for HBsAg or HBV DNA. CONCLUSIONS Based on anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/ml at 35 years and a 73.7% booster dose response, we estimate that 86% of participants had evidence of protection 35 years later. Booster doses are not needed in the general population at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Bruce
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Dana Bruden
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Debby Hurlburt
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Julie Morris
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Sara Bressler
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Gail Thompson
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Danielle Lecy
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Karen Rudolph
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Lisa Bulkow
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Brenna C. Simons
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA
| | - Mark K. Weng
- Epidemiology and Surveillance BranchDivision of Viral HepatitisNational Center for HIV/AIDSViral HepatitisSexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis PreventionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Noele Nelson
- Epidemiology and Surveillance BranchDivision of Viral HepatitisNational Center for HIV/AIDSViral HepatitisSexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis PreventionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Brian J. McMahon
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious DiseasesArctic Investigations ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAnchorageAlaskaUSA,Liver Disease and Hepatitis ProgramAlaska Native Tribal Health ConsortiumAnchorageAlaskaUSA
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Ho Shon I, Hennessy T, Guille J, Gotsbacher MP, Lay AJ, McBride B, Codd R, Hogg PJ. A first-in-human study of [ 68Ga]Ga-CDI: a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical for imaging tumour cell death. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4037-4047. [PMID: 35779082 PMCID: PMC9525422 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assesses human biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, safety and tumour uptake of cell death indicator labelled with 68Ga ([68Ga]Ga-CDI), a novel radiopharmaceutical that can image multiple forms of cell death. METHODS Five participants with at least one extracranial site of solid malignancy > 2 cm and no active cancer treatment in the 8 weeks prior to the study were enrolled. Participants were administered 205 ± 4.1 MBq (range, 200-211 MBq) of [68Ga]Ga-CDI and 8 serial PET scans acquired: the first commencing immediately and the last 3 h later. Participants were monitored for clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic side effects and adverse events. Urine and blood radioactivity was measured. Spherical volumes of interest were drawn over tumour, blood pool and organs to determine biodistribution and calculate dosimetry. In one participant, tumour specimens were analysed for cell death using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining. RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-CDI is safe and well-tolerated with no side effects or adverse events. [68Ga]Ga-CDI is renally excreted, demonstrates low levels of physiologic uptake in the other organs and has excellent imaging characteristics. The mean effective dose was 2.17E - 02 ± 4.61E - 03 mSv/MBq. It images constitutive tumour cell death and correlates with tumour cell death on histology. CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-CDI is a novel cell death imaging radiopharmaceutical that is safe, has low radiation dosimetry and excellent biodistribution and imaging characteristics. It has potential advantages over previously investigated radiopharmaceuticals for imaging of cell death and has progressed to a proof-of-concept trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12621000641897 (28/5/2021, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ho Shon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Guille
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Angelina J Lay
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce McBride
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Codd
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip J Hogg
- The Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Sun M, Dubé MP, Hennessy T, Schultz CJ, Barhdadi A, Rhainds D, Hillis GS, Tardif JC. Low-dose colchicine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after myocardial infarction: A combined analysis using individual patient data from the COLCOT and LoDoCo-MI studies. Int J Cardiol 2022; 363:20-22. [PMID: 35716932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose colchicine is effective in reducing the risks of recurrent cardiovascular events following an acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, the influence of colchicine on inflammation remains inconclusive. In the current study, we conducted a combined analysis using individual patient data from the COLCOT and LoDoCo-MI trials to assess the effect of low-dose colchicine on high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute MI. METHODS We performed a combined analysis of individual patient data from two clinical trials (COLCOT, LoDoCo-MI). Paired pre-treatment and post-treatment hs-CRP (mg/L) were available in 222 patients for LoDoCo-MI and 207 patients for COLCOT (npooled = 429). We evaluated the effect of colchicine vs. placebo on post-treatment hs-CRP coded continuously and ≤ 1.0 mg/L in adjusted mixed-model multi-level regression analyses. RESULTS Colchicine was not significantly associated with post-treatment hs-CRP when it was considered as a continuous variable (beta: -0.41, P = 0.429). However, the intervention was significantly associated with increased odds of achieving post-treatment hs-CRP values ≤1.0 mg/L compared to placebo (odds ratio: 1.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 2.51, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Reduction of inflammation may be a key component in the clinical efficacy of low-dose colchicine with respect to decreased risk of recurrent cardiovascular events following MI. Systematic sampling of hs-CRP before and after treatment with colchicine may be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Sun
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia and Medical School, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carl J Schultz
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia and Medical School, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amina Barhdadi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Graham S Hillis
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia and Medical School, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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Molendijk J, Kolka CM, Cairns H, Brosda S, Mohamed A, Shah AK, Brown I, Hodson MP, Hennessy T, Liu G, Stoll T, Richards RS, Gartside M, Patel K, Clemons NJ, Phillips WA, Barbour A, Westerhuis JA, Hill MM. Elevation of fatty acid desaturase 2 in esophageal adenocarcinoma increases polyunsaturated lipids and may exacerbate bile acid-induced DNA damage. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e810. [PMID: 35560527 PMCID: PMC9099135 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is associated with gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity. Lipid metabolism‐targeted therapies decrease the risk of progressing from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to EAC, but the precise lipid metabolic changes and their roles in genotoxicity during EAC development are yet to be established. Methods Esophageal biopsies from the normal epithelium (NE), BE, and EAC, were analyzed using concurrent lipidomics and proteomics (n = 30) followed by orthogonal validation on independent samples using RNAseq transcriptomics (n = 22) and immunohistochemistry (IHC, n = 80). The EAC cell line FLO‐1 was treated with FADS2 selective inhibitor SC26196, and/or bile acid cocktail, followed by immunofluorescence staining for γH2AX. Results Metabolism‐focused Reactome analysis of the proteomics data revealed enrichment of fatty acid metabolism, ketone body metabolism, and biosynthesis of specialized pro‐resolving mediators in EAC pathogenesis. Lipidomics revealed progressive alterations (NE‐BE‐EAC) in glycerophospholipid synthesis with decreasing triglycerides and increasing phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingolipid synthesis with decreasing dihydroceramide and increasing ceramides. Furthermore, a progressive increase in lipids with C20 fatty acids and polyunsaturated lipids with ≥4 double bonds were also observed. Integration with transcriptome data identified candidate enzymes for IHC validation: Δ4‐Desaturase, Sphingolipid 1 (DEGS1) which desaturates dihydroceramide to ceramide, and Δ5 and Δ6‐Desaturases (fatty acid desaturases, FADS1 and FADS2), responsible for polyunsaturation. All three enzymes showed significant increases from BE through dysplasia to EAC, but transcript levels of DEGS1 were decreased suggesting post‐translational regulation. Finally, the FADS2 selective inhibitor SC26196 significantly reduced polyunsaturated lipids with three and four double bonds and reduced bile acid‐induced DNA double‐strand breaks in FLO‐1 cells in vitro. Conclusions Integrated multiomics revealed sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism rewiring during EAC development. FADS2 inhibition and reduction of the high polyunsaturated lipids effectively protected EAC cells from bile acid‐induced DNA damage in vitro, potentially through reduced lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Molendijk
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Henry Cairns
- Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Sandra Brosda
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Alok K Shah
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | | | - Mark P Hodson
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Agilent Technologies, Mulgrave, Australia
| | - Guanghao Liu
- Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Thomas Stoll
- Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Renee S Richards
- Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Michael Gartside
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Kalpana Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Barbour
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Johan A Westerhuis
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M Hill
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Precision and Systems Biomedicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
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8
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Duffy N, Bruden D, Thomas H, Nichols E, Knust B, Hennessy T, Reichler MR. Risk factors for Ebola virus disease among household care providers, Sierra Leone, 2015. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1457-1468. [PMID: 35441222 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household contacts who provide care to an Ebola virus disease (EVD) case have a 3-fold higher risk of EVD compared with contacts who do not provide care. METHODS We enrolled persons with confirmed EVD from December 2014 to April 2015 in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and their household contacts. Index cases and contacts were interviewed, and contacts were followed for 21 days to identify secondary cases. Epidemiological data were analysed to describe household care and to identify risk factors for developing EVD. RESULTS Of 838 contacts in 147 households, 156 (17%) self-reported providing care to the index case; 56 households had no care provider, 52 a single care provider and 39 multiple care providers. The median care provider age was 29 years, 68% were female and 32% were the index case's spouse. Care providers were more likely to report physical contact, contact with body fluids or sharing clothing, bed linens or utensils with an index case, compared with non-care providers (P <0.01). EVD risk among non-care providers was greater when the number of care providers in the household increased (odds ratio: 1.61; 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.4). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with care provider EVD risk included no piped water access and absence of index case fever, and protective factors included age <20 years and avoiding the index case. CONCLUSIONS Limiting the number of care providers in a household could reduce the risk of EVD transmission to both care providers and non-care providers. Strategies to protect care providers from EVD exposure are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Duffy
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dana Bruden
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Harold Thomas
- Directorate of Health Security and Emergencies, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Erin Nichols
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Knust
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Mary R Reichler
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Abstract
Lipids are a group of compounds with diverse structures that perform several important functions in plants. To unravel and better understand their in vivo functions, plant biologists have been using various lipidomic technologies including liquid-chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). However, there are still significant challenges in LC-MS based plant lipidomics, which need to be addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of the key developments in LC-MS based lipidomic approaches to detect and identify plant lipids with emphasis on areas that can be further improved. Given that the cellular lipidome is estimated to contain hundreds of thousands of lipids,1,2 many of the lipid structures remain to be discovered. Furthermore, the plant lipidome is considered to be significantly more complex compared to that of mammals. Recent technical developments in mass spectrometry have made the detection of novel lipids possible; hence, approaches that can be used for plant lipid discovery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheka Kehelpannala
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Thomas Hennessy
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 679 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 679 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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10
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Kehelpannala C, Rupasinghe T, Pasha A, Esteban E, Hennessy T, Bradley D, Ebert B, Provart NJ, Roessner U. An Arabidopsis lipid map reveals differences between tissues and dynamic changes throughout development. Plant J 2021; 107:287-302. [PMID: 33866624 PMCID: PMC8361726 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the predominant analytical tool used in the field of plant lipidomics. However, there are many challenges associated with the mass spectrometric detection and identification of lipids because of the highly complex nature of plant lipids. Studies into lipid biosynthetic pathways, gene functions in lipid metabolism, lipid changes during plant growth and development, and the holistic examination of the role of plant lipids in environmental stress responses are often hindered. Here, we leveraged a robust pipeline that we previously established to extract and analyze lipid profiles of different tissues and developmental stages from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We analyzed seven tissues at several different developmental stages and identified more than 200 lipids from each tissue analyzed. The data were used to create a web-accessible in silico lipid map that has been integrated into an electronic Fluorescent Pictograph (eFP) browser. This in silico library of Arabidopsis lipids allows the visualization and exploration of the distribution and changes of lipid levels across selected developmental stages. Furthermore, it provides information on the characteristic fragments of lipids and adducts observed in the mass spectrometer and their retention times, which can be used for lipid identification. The Arabidopsis tissue lipid map can be accessed at http://bar.utoronto.ca/efp_arabidopsis_lipid/cgi-bin/efpWeb.cgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheka Kehelpannala
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | | | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Eddi Esteban
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd679 Springvale RoadMulgraveVIC3170Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd679 Springvale RoadMulgraveVIC3170Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
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11
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Kehelpannala C, Rupasinghe TWT, Hennessy T, Bradley D, Ebert B, Roessner U. A comprehensive comparison of four methods for extracting lipids from Arabidopsis tissues. Plant Methods 2020; 16:155. [PMID: 33292337 PMCID: PMC7713330 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant lipidome is highly complex, and the composition of lipids in different tissues as well as their specific functions in plant development, growth and stress responses have yet to be fully elucidated. To do this, efficient lipid extraction protocols which deliver target compounds in solution at concentrations adequate for subsequent detection, quantitation and analysis through spectroscopic methods are required. To date, numerous methods are used to extract lipids from plant tissues. However, a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency and reproducibility of these methods to extract multiple lipid classes from diverse tissues of a plant has not been undertaken. RESULTS In this study, we report the comparison of four different lipid extraction procedures in order to determine the most effective lipid extraction protocol to extract lipids from different tissues of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. CONCLUSION While particular methods were best suited to extract different lipid classes from diverse Arabidopsis tissues, overall a single-step extraction method with a 24 h extraction period, which uses a mixture of chloroform, isopropanol, methanol and water, was the most efficient, reproducible and the least labor-intensive to extract a broad range of lipids for untargeted lipidomic analysis of Arabidopsis tissues. This method extracted a broad range of lipids from leaves, stems, siliques, roots, seeds, seedlings and flowers of Arabidopsis. In addition, appropriate methods for targeted lipid analysis of specific lipids from particular Arabidopsis tissues were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheka Kehelpannala
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Thusitha W T Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Sciex, 2 Gilda Ct, Mulgrave, VIC, 3170, Australia
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 679 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, VIC, 3170, Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 679 Springvale Road, Mulgrave, VIC, 3170, Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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12
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Reichler MR, Bruden D, Thomas H, Erickson BR, Knust B, Duffy N, Klena J, Hennessy T. Ebola Patient Virus Cycle Threshold and Risk of Household Transmission of Ebola Virus. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:707-714. [PMID: 31858125 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying risk factors for household transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) is important to guide preventive measures during Ebola outbreaks. METHODS We enrolled all confirmed persons with EBOV disease who were the first case patient in a household from December 2014 to April 2015 in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and their household contacts. Index patients and contacts were interviewed, and contacts were followed up for 21 days to identify secondary cases. Epidemiologic data were linked to EBOV real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold (Ct) data from initial diagnostic specimens obtained from enrolled index case patients. RESULTS Ct data were available for 106 (71%) of 150 enrolled index patients. Of the Ct results, 85 (80%) were from blood specimens from live patients and 21 (20%) from oral swab specimens from deceased patients. The median Ct values for blood and swab specimens were 21.0 and 24.0, respectively (P = .007). In multivariable analysis, a Ct value from blood specimens in the lowest quintile was an independent predictor of both increased risk of household transmission (P = .009) and higher secondary attack rate among household contacts (P = .03), after adjustment for epidemiologic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the potential to use Ct values from acute EBOV diagnostic specimens for index patients as an early predictor of high-risk households and high-risk groups of contacts to help prioritize EBOV disease investigation and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Reichler
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dana Bruden
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Harold Thomas
- Directorate of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Bobbie Rae Erickson
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Knust
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nadia Duffy
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Klena
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
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13
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Ho Shon I, Reece C, Hennessy T, Horsfield M, McBride B. Influence of X-ray computed tomography (CT) exposure and reconstruction parameters on positron emission tomography (PET) quantitation. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:62. [PMID: 33034791 PMCID: PMC7547057 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CT of PET CT provides diagnostic information, anatomic localisation and attenuation correction (AC). When only AC is required, very lose dose CT is desirable. CT iterative reconstruction (IR) improves image quality with lower exposures however there is little data on very low dose IR CT for AC of PET. This work assesses the impact of CT exposure and reconstruction algorithm on PET voxel values. Method An anthropomorphic torso phantom was filled with physiologically typical [18]F concentrations in heart, liver and background compartments. A 17-mm-diameter right lung “tumour” filled with [18]F was included (surrounding lung contained no 18[F]). PET was acquired followed by 24 CT acquisitions with varying CT exposures (15–50 mAs, 80–120 kVp, pitch 0.671 or 0.828). Each CT was reconstructed twice using filtered back projection (FBP) or IR and these used for AC of PET. The reference PET reconstruction (RR) used CT acquired at 50 mAs, 120 kVp, pitch 0.828, IR, all others were test PET reconstructions (TR). Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the liver, soft tissue and over “tumour” on each TR and compared with the RR. Voxel values in each TR were compared to the RR using a paired t test and by calculating which and what proportion of voxels in each TR differed by a quantitatively significant difference (QSD) from the RR. Results TRs reconstructed using lower dose CTs underestimated mean and maximum ROI activity relative to the RR; greater with IR than FBP. Once CT dose index (CTDI) increased to 1 mGy, differences were less than QSD. On voxel analysis, all TRs were significantly different to the RR (p < 0.0001). TRs reconstructed at the lowest CT exposure with IR had 6% of voxels that differed by greater than QSD. Differences were reduced with increasing CTDI and FBP reconstruction. Voxels which exceeded the QSD were spatially localised to regions of high activity, interfaces between different attenuation and areas of CT beam hardening. Conclusions Very low dose CT exposures are feasible for accurate PET AC. Scanner- and reconstruction-specific validation should be employed prior very low dose CT AC for PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ho Shon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Level 2 Campus Centre, Barker Rd, Randwick, 2031, NSW, Australia. .,Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, Kensington, NSW, 2025, Australia. .,Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Christopher Reece
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Level 2 Campus Centre, Barker Rd, Randwick, 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Level 2 Campus Centre, Barker Rd, Randwick, 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Horsfield
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Level 2 Campus Centre, Barker Rd, Randwick, 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce McBride
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Level 2 Campus Centre, Barker Rd, Randwick, 2031, NSW, Australia
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14
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van Vugt FT, Near J, Hennessy T, Doyon J, Ostry DJ. Early stages of sensorimotor map acquisition: neurochemical signature in primary motor cortex and its relation to functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1615-1624. [PMID: 32997558 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00285.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest stages of sensorimotor learning involve learning the correspondence between movements and sensory results-a sensorimotor map. The present exploratory study investigated the neurochemical underpinnings of map acquisition by monitoring 25 participants as they acquired a new association between movements and sounds. Functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure neurochemical concentrations in the left primary motor cortex during learning. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were also collected before and after training to assess learning-related changes in functional connectivity. There were monotonic increases in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and decreases in glucose during training, which extended into the subsequent rest period and, importantly, in the case of GABA correlated with the amount of learning: participants who showed greater behavioral learning showed greater GABA increase. The GABA change was furthermore correlated with changes in functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex and a cluster of voxels in the right intraparietal sulcus: greater increases in GABA were associated with greater strengthening of connectivity. Transiently, there were increases in lactate and reductions in aspartate, which returned to baseline at the end of training, but only lactate showed a statistical trend to correlate with the amount of learning. In summary, during the earliest stages of sensorimotor learning, GABA levels are linked on a subject-level basis to both behavioral learning and a strengthening of functional connections that persists beyond the training period. The findings are consistent with the idea that GABA-mediated inhibition is linked to maintenance of newly learned information.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Learning the mapping between movements and their sensory effects is a necessary step in the early stages of sensorimotor learning. There is evidence showing which brain areas are involved in early motor learning, but their role remains uncertain. Here, we show that GABA, a neurotransmitter linked to inhibitory processing, rises during and after learning and is involved in ongoing changes in resting-state networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T van Vugt
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Near
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Hennessy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Doyon
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department Of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D J Ostry
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
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15
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Bruce MG, Meites E, Bulkow L, Panicker G, Hurlburt D, Lecy D, Thompson G, Rudolph K, Unger ER, Hennessy T, Markowitz LE. A prospective cohort study of immunogenicity of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination among Alaska Native Children, Alaska, United States. Vaccine 2020; 38:6585-6591. [PMID: 32814639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the United States, HPV vaccination is routinely recommended at age 11 or 12 years; the series can be started at age 9. We conducted a cohort study to assess long-term immunogenicity of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) in an American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Indigenous population. METHODS During 2011-2014, we enrolled AI/AN girls and boys aged 9-14 years, who were vaccinated with a 3-dose series of 4vHPV. Serum specimens were collected at five time points: immediately prior to doses 2 and 3, and at one month, one year, and two years after series completion. Antibody testing was performed using a multiplex virus-like-particle-IgG ELISA for 4vHPV types (HPV 6/11/16/18). RESULTS Among 477 children (405 girls/72 boys) completing the 3-dose series, median age at enrollment was 11.2 years. Of the 477, 72 (15%) were tested before dose 2 and 70 (15%) before dose 3. Following series completion, 435 (91%) were tested at one month, 382 (80%) at one year, and 351 (74%) at two years. All tested participants had detectable antibody to 4vHPV types at all time points measured. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) for 4vHPV types at one month and two years post-series completion were 269.9 and 32.7 AU/ml for HPV6, 349.3 and 42.9 AU/ml for HPV11, 1240.2 and 168.3 IU/ml HPV16, and 493.2 and 52.2 IU/ml for HPV18. Among children tested after each dose, GMCs after doses 1 and 2 were 3.9 and 32.2 AU/ml for HPV6, 5.3 and 45.6 AU/ml for HPV11, 20.8 and 187.9 IU/ml for HPV16; and 6.6 and 49.7 IU/ml for HPV18. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION All AI/AN children developed antibodies to all 4vHPV types after vaccination. GMCs rose after each dose, then decreased to a plateau over the subsequent two years. This cohort will continue to be followed to determine duration of antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | - Elissa Meites
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa Bulkow
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gitika Panicker
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debby Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Danielle Lecy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gail Thompson
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Karen Rudolph
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Thomas IA, Buckley C, Kelly E, Dillon E, Lynch J, Moran B, Hennessy T, Murphy PNC. Establishing nationally representative benchmarks of farm-gate nitrogen and phosphorus balances and use efficiencies on Irish farms to encourage improvements. Sci Total Environ 2020; 720:137245. [PMID: 32325548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture faces considerable challenges of achieving more sustainable production that minimises nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses and meets international obligations for water quality and greenhouse gas emissions. This must involve reducing nutrient balance (NB) surpluses and increasing nutrient use efficiencies (NUEs), which could also improve farm profitability (a win-win). To set targets and motivate improvements in Ireland, nationally representative benchmarks were established for different farm categories (sector, soil group and production intensity). Annual farm-gate NBs (kg ha-1) and NUEs (%) for N and P were calculated for 1446 nationally representative farms from 2008 to 2015 using import and export data collected by the Teagasc National Farm Survey (part of the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network). Benchmarks for each category were established using quantile regression analysis and percentile rankings to identify farms with the lowest NB surplus per production intensity and highest gross margins (€ ha-1). Within all categories, large ranges in NBs and NUEs between benchmark farms and poorer performers show considerable room for nutrient management improvements. Results show that as agriculture intensifies, nutrient surpluses, use efficiencies and gross margins increase, but benchmark farms minimise surpluses to relatively low levels (i.e. are more sustainable). This is due to, per ha, lower fertiliser and feed imports, greater exports of agricultural products, and for dairy, sheep and suckler cattle, relatively high stocking rates. For the ambitious scenario of all non-benchmark farms reaching the optimal benchmark zone, moderate reductions in farm nutrient surpluses were found with great improvements in profitability, leading to a 31% and 9% decrease in N and P surplus nationally, predominantly from dairy and non-suckler cattle. The study also identifies excessive surpluses for each level of production intensity, which could be used by policy in setting upper limits to improve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Thomas
- Environment and Sustainable Resource Management Section, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - C Buckley
- Agricultural Economics and Farm Surveys Department, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Ireland.
| | - E Kelly
- Agricultural and Food Economics, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - E Dillon
- Agricultural Economics and Farm Surveys Department, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Ireland.
| | - J Lynch
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - B Moran
- Agricultural Economics and Farm Surveys Department, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Ireland.
| | - T Hennessy
- Food Business and Development, Business School, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - P N C Murphy
- Environment and Sustainable Resource Management Section, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Hueffer K, Drown D, Romanovsky V, Hennessy T. Factors Contributing to Anthrax Outbreaks in the Circumpolar North. Ecohealth 2020; 17:174-180. [PMID: 32006181 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A 2016 outbreak of anthrax on the Yamal Peninsula in Siberia that led to the culling of more than two hundred thousand reindeer and killed one human, resulted in significant media interests and in the reporting was often linked to thawing permafrost and ultimately climate change. Here, we review the historic context of anthrax outbreaks in the circumpolar North and explore alternative explanations for the anthrax outbreak in Western Siberia. Further, we propose a convergence model where multiple factors likely contributed to the outbreak of anthrax, including an expanded population and discontinued vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hueffer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Arctic and Northern Studies Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2141 North Koyukuk Dr., Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
| | - Devin Drown
- Institute of Arctic Biology & Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | | | - Thomas Hennessy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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18
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Mosites E, Lefferts B, Seeman S, January G, Dobson J, Fuente D, Bruce M, Thomas T, Hennessy T. Community water service and incidence of respiratory, skin, and gastrointestinal infections in rural Alaska, 2013-2015. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 225:113475. [PMID: 32058938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communities in rural Alaska have access to multiple types of water service (piped, vehicle-hauled, and self-hauled) and experience varying levels of water service coverage. We assessed the incidence rate of inpatient and outpatient infectious disease visits among communities with different water service types and coverage levels. METHODS We classified ICD-9 codes for inpatient and outpatient visits to the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation facilities between 2013 and 2015 into six infectious disease categories. Using Poisson models, we compared the incidence of visits in each category across communities with differing water service coverage levels as defined by water service billing data for the same years. Using census data, we adjusted for community median household income, median age, crowding, and health aide staffing. RESULTS We included 48 communities in this analysis. After adjusting for possible confounders, each 10% increase in piped water coverage was associated with a 4% lower incidence of pneumonia/influenza visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.98), a 2% lower incidence of other respiratory infection visits (adjusted IRR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99), an 8% lower incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus visits (adjusted IRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97), and a 4% lower incidence of other skin infections visits (adjusted IRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95-0.98). Each 10% increase in vehicle-hauled water coverage was associated with a 2% lower incidence of respiratory infection visits (adjusted IRR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.996) and a 3% lower incidence of skin infection visits (adjusted IRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99), also after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of water service coverage were associated with lower incidence rates of visits for several infectious disease categories. These associations were more pronounced for communities with piped water service compared to vehicle-hauled water service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Zoonotic and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | - Brian Lefferts
- Office of Environmental Health and Engineering, Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, Bethel, AK, USA
| | - Sara Seeman
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Zoonotic and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gerald January
- Records and Verification Electronic Network (RAVEN) Team, Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, Bethel, AK, USA
| | - Jennifer Dobson
- Office of Environmental Health and Engineering, Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, Bethel, AK, USA
| | - David Fuente
- School of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Zoonotic and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Timothy Thomas
- Clinical Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Zoonotic and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Mosites E, Frick A, Gounder P, Castrodale L, Li Y, Rudolph K, Hurlburt D, Lecy KD, Zulz T, Adebanjo T, Onukwube J, Beall B, Van Beneden CA, Hennessy T, McLaughlin J, Bruce MG. Outbreak of Invasive Infections From Subtype emm26.3 Group A Streptococcus Among Homeless Adults-Anchorage, Alaska, 2016-2017. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:1068-1074. [PMID: 29069346 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In 2016, we detected an outbreak of group A Streptococcus (GAS) invasive infections among the estimated 1000 persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Anchorage, Alaska. We characterized the outbreak and implemented a mass antibiotic intervention at homeless service facilities. Methods We identified cases through the Alaska GAS laboratory-based surveillance system. We conducted emm typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing on all invasive isolates and compared medical record data of patients infected with emm26.3 and other emm types. In February 2017, we offered PEH at 6 facilities in Anchorage a single dose of 1 g of azithromycin. We collected oropharyngeal and nonintact skin swabs on a subset of participants concurrent with the intervention and 4 weeks afterward. Results From July 2016 through April 2017, we detected 42 invasive emm26.3 cases in Anchorage, 35 of which were in PEH. The emm26.3 isolates differed on average by only 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Compared to other emm types, infection with emm26.3 was associated with cellulitis (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; P = .04) and necrotizing fasciitis (OR, 4.4; P = .02). We dispensed antibiotics to 391 PEH. Colonization with emm26.3 decreased from 4% of 277 at baseline to 1% of 287 at follow-up (P = .05). Invasive GAS incidence decreased from 1.5 cases per 1000 PEH/week in the 6 weeks prior to the intervention to 0.2 cases per 1000 PEH/week in the 6 weeks after (P = .01). Conclusions In an invasive GAS outbreak in PEH in Anchorage, mass antibiotic administration was temporally associated with reduced invasive disease cases and colonization prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Anna Frick
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Prabhu Gounder
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Louisa Castrodale
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Li
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karen Rudolph
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Debby Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Kristen D Lecy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Tammy Zulz
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Tolu Adebanjo
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Onukwube
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bernard Beall
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chris A Van Beneden
- Respiratory Disease Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Joseph McLaughlin
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
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Mosites E, Zulz T, Bruden D, Nolen L, Frick A, Castrodale L, McLaughlin J, Van Beneden C, Hennessy T, Bruce M. 1625. Risk of Invasive Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness—Anchorage, Alaska, 2002–2015. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6810099 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have an increased risk of infectious disease. However, for many infections, this increased risk has not been clearly quantified. For example, the risk of invasive streptococcal infection has not been established among PEH in the United States. Methods We compared the incidence of detected cases of invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection, group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) infection among adult PEH to that in the general adult population in Anchorage, Alaska from 2005 through 2015 using data from the CDC Arctic Investigations Program surveillance system, the US census, and the Anchorage Point in Time count (PIT [a yearly census of PEH]). Results During 2005–2015, the PIT counted a mean number of 970 adults (minimum 795, maximum 1486) in Anchorage who were homeless, which accounted for 0.4% of the total population. Compared with the general population, PEH were 53 times as likely to have invasive GAS infection (95% CI 47–61), 7 times as likely to have invasive GBS infection (95% CI 6, 8), and 36 times as likely to have invasive pneumococcal infection (95% CI 33, 40). Of all invasive GAS cases in Anchorage over the time period, 19% occurred within the homeless population, while 3% of invasive GBS cases and 14% of invasive pneumococcal cases were within the homeless population. Additionally, the predominant subtypes of GAS and pneumococcus differed among PEH compared with the general population. Conclusion A disproportionate burden of invasive streptococcal disease in Anchorage was detected among PEH, indicating a need for further focus on this high-risk group. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | | | - Dana Bruden
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Leisha Nolen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | | | - Louisa Castrodale
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Health and Social Services, State of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Joseph McLaughlin
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Health and Social Services, State of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska
| | | | | | - Michael Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
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O'connor CT, Maguire C, Abdalla I, Buckley A, Kumar J, Cahill C, Ahearne C, Al Maini M, Hennessy T, Arnous S, Kiernan T. P951The factors influencing total ischaemic time in patients presenting with STEMI in an Irish tertiary referral centre. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite highly functioning primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) programmes, STEMI is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The European Society of Cardiology STEMI guidelines in 2017 introduced a novel metric relating to STEMI patients: “total ischaemic time”. This time-period starts at the onset of chest pain and ends at wire cross, and it is thought to accurately reflect burden of myocardial destruction.
Aims
To assess the total ischaemic time of patients presenting with STEMI in an Irish tertiary referral centre and the factors influencing delays in presentation and treatment.
Methods
Prospective cohort analysis was conducted on all patients presenting with STEMI from October 2017 to January 2019. Patients were included if they had a culprit lesion that was successfully revascularized. All information was recorded at time of presentation. Bayesian statistics were employed to conduct the analysis.
Results
158 patients were recruited. Mean age was 61 (range29–96). Male:female ratio 5:1 in this cohort. Average total ischaemic time was 409.4mins ±501.4. The average time from chest pain to “call for help” (i.e. patient delay) was 208.3mins ±397.8, which represented 50.89% of the total ischaemic time (see Figure 1). The average time from “call for help” to first medical contact (FMC) was 18.4mins ±30.07. Average time from FMC to ECG was 44.9mins ±151.16, and was dependent upon type of FMC (Primary care 127mins vs paramedic 25mins p=0.030932). After FMC, 48.7% of patients had an ECG performed in under 10mins as per guidelines. After ECG was performed, 46.4% of patients had ECG to “wire cross” time under 90mins as per guidelines; 65.8% were within 120 mins and 91.4% were within 180mins. Those presenting to their general practitioner as FMC were significantly less likely to have both an ECG <10mins (NNH 2.84 95% CI 1.79–6.91) and ECG to wire time of <90mins (NNH 6.13 95% CI 2.88–48.70).
As age increased, so too did total ischaemic time (Pearson R=0.164, p=0.043), which was dependent on increasing patient delay with age (Pearson R=0.2181, p=0.0066). Women had a higher total ischaemic time than men (546 vs 382mins p=0.0233). This was determined to be as a result of: a numerically higher patient delay (220 vs 206 mins, p=0.214) and women having a longer time from FMC to ECG (104mins vs 34mins, p=0.0021).
Conclusion
Over 50% of the total ischaemic time was due to patient delay, suggesting a role for cardiovascular awareness programmes. Increasing age was associated with longer patient delay, indicating a need for directed awareness in this demographic. Women had a higher total ischaemic time, and waited a significantly longer time for ECG following FMC; highlighting the need for awareness amongst healthcare professionals of atypical clinical features associated with STEMI in women. Patients who attended their GP waited longer for an ECG and, once performed, were less likely to be revascularised within 90mins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T O'connor
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Maguire
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - I Abdalla
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Buckley
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Kumar
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Cahill
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Ahearne
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - M Al Maini
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - T Hennessy
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - S Arnous
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
| | - T Kiernan
- University Hospital Limerick, Cardiology Department, Limerick, Ireland
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Reichler MR, Bangura J, Bruden D, Keimbe C, Duffy N, Thomas H, Knust B, Farmar I, Nichols E, Jambai A, Morgan O, Hennessy T. Household Transmission of Ebola Virus: Risks and Preventive Factors, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 2015. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:757-767. [PMID: 29659910 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowing risk factors for household transmission of Ebola virus is important to guide preventive measures during Ebola outbreaks. Methods We enrolled all confirmed persons with Ebola who were the first case in a household, December 2014-April 2015, in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and their household contacts. Cases and contacts were interviewed, contacts followed prospectively through the 21-day incubation period, and secondary cases confirmed by laboratory testing. Results We enrolled 150 index Ebola cases and 838 contacts; 83 (9.9%) contacts developed Ebola during 21-day follow-up. In multivariable analysis, risk factors for transmission included index case death in the household, Ebola symptoms but no reported fever, age <20 years, more days with wet symptoms; and providing care to the index case (P < .01 for each). Protective factors included avoiding the index case after illness onset and a piped household drinking water source (P < .01 for each). Conclusions To reduce Ebola transmission, communities should rapidly identify and follow-up all household contacts; isolate those with Ebola symptoms, including those without reported fever; and consider closer monitoring of contacts who provided care to cases. Households could consider efforts to minimize risk by designating one care provider for ill persons with all others avoiding the suspected case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Reichler
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Bangura
- Directorate of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Dana Bruden
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Charles Keimbe
- Directorate of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Harold Thomas
- Directorate of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Barbara Knust
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ishmail Farmar
- Directorate of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Erin Nichols
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Amara Jambai
- Directorate of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Oliver Morgan
- Health Emergencies Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
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Hennessy T, Soh L, Bowman M, Kurup R, Schultz C, Patel S, Hillis GS. The Low Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction (LoDoCo-MI) study: A pilot randomized placebo controlled trial of colchicine following acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2019; 215:62-69. [PMID: 31284074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Following an acute myocardial infarction (MI), patients with persistently elevated biomarkers of inflammation, in particular C-reactive protein (CRP), are at significantly increased risk of further cardiovascular events. Colchicine is a unique anti-inflammatory medication that has shown promise in reducing such events in patients with stable coronary heart disease. The current study tested the ability of low dose colchicine to reduce CRP levels at 30 days after an acute MI, a key marker of future outcome, and its safety and tolerability in this setting. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, trial of low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg daily) or matching placebo in 237 patients admitted with an acute MI. The primary end-point was the proportion of patients with a residual high sensitivity CRP level ≥2 mg/L after 30 days of treatment, a threshold associated with a worse prognosis. RESULTS At 30-day follow-up, 44% of patients treated with colchicine had a CRP level ≥2 mg/L compared to 50% of those randomized to placebo (P = .35) and the median CRP in patients randomized to colchicine was 1.6 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 0.7-3.5) compared to 2.0 mg/L (IQR 0.9-4.0) in patients randomized to placebo (P = .11). The median absolute reduction in CRP levels was -4.3 mg/L (IQR -1.1 to -14.1) among colchicine treated patients and -3.3 mg/L (IQR -0.9 to -14.4, P = .44) in placebo treated patients. The relative reduction was a fall of 78% compared to a fall of 64% (P = .09). Low dose colchicine was well tolerated and did not reduce compliance with other secondary preventative medications at 30-days. CONCLUSION Treatment with low dose colchicine was safe and well tolerated, but was not associated with a significantly increased likelihood of achieving a CRP level <2 mg/L or lower absolute levels of CRP 30 days after an acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hennessy
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia; Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
| | - Linda Soh
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia; Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
| | - Mitchell Bowman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia; Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
| | - Rahul Kurup
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia; Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
| | - Carl Schultz
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia; Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia; Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
| | - Graham S Hillis
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia; Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney.
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Bourgeois AC, Zulz T, Bruce MG, Stenz F, Koch A, Parkinson A, Hennessy T, Cooper M, Newberry C, Randell E, Proulx JF, Hanley BE, Soini H, Arnesen TM, Mariandyshev A, Jonsson J, Søborg B, Wolfe J, Balancev G, Bruun de Neergaard R, Archibald CP. Tuberculosis in the Circumpolar Region, 2006-2012. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 22:641-648. [PMID: 29862948 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING The northern circumpolar jurisdictions Canada (Northwest Territories, Nunavik, Nunavut, Yukon), Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk), Sweden and the United States (Alaska). OBJECTIVE To describe and compare demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, including drug resistance and treatment completion, of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the northern circumpolar populations. DESIGN Descriptive analysis of all active TB cases reported from 2006 to 2012 for incidence rate (IR), age and sex distribution, sputum smear and diagnostic site characteristics, drug resistance and treatment completion rates. RESULTS The annual IR of TB disease ranged from a low of 4.3 per 100 000 population in Northern Sweden to a high of 199.5/100 000 in Nunavik, QC, Canada. For all jurisdictions, IR was higher for males than for females. Yukon had the highest proportion of new cases compared with retreatment cases (96.6%). Alaska reported the highest percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases (87.4%). Smear-positive pulmonary cases ranged from 25.8% to 65.2%. Multidrug-resistant cases ranged from 0% (Northern Canada) to 46.3% (Arkhangelsk). Treatment outcome data, available up to 2011, demonstrated >80% treatment completion for four of the 10 jurisdictions. CONCLUSION TB remains a serious public health issue in the circumpolar regions. Surveillance data contribute toward a better understanding and improved control of TB in the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-C Bourgeois
- Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Zulz
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - M G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - F Stenz
- National Board of Health, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - A Koch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - A Parkinson
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - T Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - M Cooper
- Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, State of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - C Newberry
- Population Health Division, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories
| | - E Randell
- Department of Health, Government of Nunavut, Iqaluit, Nunavut
| | - J-F Proulx
- Infectious Diseases, Public Health Department, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Kuujjuaq, Quebec
| | - B E Hanley
- Health and Social Services, Government of Yukon, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada
| | - H Soini
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T M Arnesen
- Department of Tuberculosis, Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Mariandyshev
- Department of Tuberculosis, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - J Jonsson
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Preparedness, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Søborg
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wolfe
- National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - G Balancev
- Department of Tuberculosis, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - C P Archibald
- Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hennessy T, Bowman M, Soh L, Kurup R, Schultz C, Patel S, Hillis G. The Low Dose Colchicine After Myocardial Infarction (LoDoCo-MI) Study: A Pilot Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial of Colchicine Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mosites E, Lujan E, Brook M, Brubaker M, Roehl D, Tcheripanoff M, Hennessy T. Environmental observation, social media, and One Health action: A description of the Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network. One Health 2018; 6:29-33. [PMID: 30386813 PMCID: PMC6205347 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the close relationships between Arctic residents and the environment, climate change has a disproportionate impact on Arctic communities. Despite the need for One Health responses to climate change, environmental monitoring is difficult to conduct in Arctic regions. The Local Environmental Observer (LEO) Network is a global social media network that recruits citizen scientists to collect environmental observations on social media. We examined the processes of the LEO Network, numbers of members and observations, and three case studies that depict One Health action enabled by the system. From February 2012 to July 2017, the LEO Network gained 1870 members in 35 countries. In this time period, 670 environmental observations were posted. Examples that resulted in One Health action include those involving food sources, wild fire smoke, and thawing permafrost. The LEO network is an example of a One Health resource that stimulates action to protect the health of communities around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Erica Lujan
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Michael Brook
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Michael Brubaker
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Desirae Roehl
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Moses Tcheripanoff
- Center for Climate and Health, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, United States
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Mosites E, Bruden D, Morris J, Reasonover A, Rudolph K, Hurlburt D, Hennessy T, McMahon B, Bruce M. Antimicrobial resistance among Helicobacter pylori isolates in Alaska, 2000-2016. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 15:148-153. [PMID: 29969753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alaska Natives experience a high burden of Helicobacter pylori infection and concomitant high rates of gastric cancer. Additionally, the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant H. pylori has been shown to be high in Alaska. In this study, antimicrobial resistance over time among sentinel surveillance isolates was evaluated and risk factors for carrying antimicrobial-resistant H. pylori were assessed. METHODS Through Alaska's H. pylori sentinel surveillance system, antral and fundal biopsies from Alaska Native patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy for clinical indications during 2000-2016 were collected and cultured. For positive cultures, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline and levofloxacin were determined. RESULTS A total of 800 H. pylori isolates obtained from 763 patients were tested. Resistance to metronidazole was most common (342/800; 42.8%), followed clarithromycin (238/800; 29.8%), both clarithromycin and metronidazole (128/800; 16.0%) and levofloxacin (113/800; 14.1%). Low proportions of isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and tetracycline. Levofloxacin resistance increased between 2000 and 2016 (P<0.001), but resistance to other antimicrobials did not change over time. Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance were more common among women (P<0.001 for both), whilst levofloxacin resistance was more common among those with an urban residence (P=0.003). Metronidazole and levofloxacin resistance were more common among older patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Between 2000 and 2016, a large percentage of H. pylori isolates received by the Alaska Sentinel Surveillance System demonstrated resistance to common antimicrobials. The surveillance system provides valuable information for clinicians to make informed treatment choices for patient with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
| | - Dana Bruden
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Julie Morris
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Alisa Reasonover
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Karen Rudolph
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Debra Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Brian McMahon
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 4000 Ambassador Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Michael Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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Miernyk KM, Bulkow LR, Gold BD, Bruce MG, Hurlburt DH, Griffin PM, Swerdlow D, Cook K, Hennessy T, Parkinson AJ. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among Alaskans: Factors associated with infection and comparison of urea breath test and anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies. Helicobacter 2018; 23. [PMID: 29537130 PMCID: PMC6640139 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common human infections in the world, and studies in Alaska Native people, as well as other Indigenous peoples, have shown a high prevalence of this gastric infection. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection by urea breath test (UBT) and anti- H. pylori IgG among Alaskans living in four regions of the state and to identify factors associated with infection. METHODS A convenience sample of persons > 6 months old living in five rural and one urban Alaskan community were recruited from 1996 to 1997. Participants were asked about factors possibly associated with infection. Sera were collected and tested for anti- H. pylori IgG antibodies; a UBT was administered to participants > 5 years old. RESULTS We recruited 710 people of whom 571 (80%) were Alaska Native and 467 (66%) were from rural communities. Rural residents were more likely to be Alaska Native compared with urban residents (P < .001). Of the 710 people, 699 (98%) had a serum sample analyzed, and 634 (97%) persons > 5 years old had a UBT performed. H. pylori prevalence was 69% by UBT and 68% by anti- H. pylori IgG. Among those with a result for both tests, there was 94% concordance. Factors associated with H. pylori positivity were Alaska Native racial status, age ≥ 20 years, rural region of residence, living in a crowded home, and drinking water that was not piped or delivered. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori prevalence is high in Alaska, especially in Alaska Native persons and rural residents. Concordance between UBT and serology was also high in this group. Two socioeconomic factors, crowding and drinking water that was not piped or delivered, were found to be associated with H. pylori positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- KM Miernyk
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Anchorage, Alaska USA
| | - LR Bulkow
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Anchorage, Alaska USA
| | - BD Gold
- Children’s Center for Digestive Healthcare, LLC; Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - MG Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Anchorage, Alaska USA
| | - DH Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Anchorage, Alaska USA
| | - PM Griffin
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - D Swerdlow
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - K Cook
- Kiel Laboratories, Inc.; Flowery Branch, Georgia USA
| | - T Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Anchorage, Alaska USA
| | - AJ Parkinson
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Anchorage, Alaska USA
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Hanrahan L, McHugh N, Hennessy T, Moran B, Kearney R, Wallace M, Shalloo L. Factors associated with profitability in pasture-based systems of milk production. J Dairy Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mosites E, Bruden D, Bruce MG, Hennessy T, Gounder P. Observed Pneumococcal Carriage Among Alaska Native Children Who Received Reduced-Dose Schedules of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Between 2010 and 2012. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 66:1478-1479. [PMID: 29145582 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mosites
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Dana Bruden
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Prabhu Gounder
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska
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Singleton R, Seeman S, Grinnell M, Bulkow L, Kokesh J, Emmett S, Holve S, McCollum J, Hennessy T. Trends in Otitis Media and Myringotomy With Tube Placement Among American Indian and Alaska Native Children and the US General Population of Children After Introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:e6-e12. [PMID: 28746264 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children have experienced higher otitis media (OM) outpatient visit rates than other US children. To understand recent trends, we evaluated AI/AN OM rates before and after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. METHODS We analyzed outpatient visits listing OM as a diagnosis among AI/AN children <5 years of age from the Indian Health Service National Patient Information Reporting System for 2010-2013. OM outpatient visits for the general US child population <5 years of age were analyzed using the National Ambulatory Medical Care and National Hospital Ambulatory Care Surveys for 2010-2011. RESULTS The 2010-2011 OM-associated outpatient visit rate for AI/AN children (63.5 per 100/year) was similar to 2010-2011 rate for same-age children in the general US population (62.8) and decreased from the 2003 to 2005 AI/AN rate (91.4). Further decline in AI/AN OM visit rates was seen for 2010-2011 to 2012-2013 (P < 0.0001). The AI/AN infant OM visit rate (130.5) was 1.6-fold higher than the US infant population. For 2010-2011, the highest AI/AN OM visit rate for <5 year olds was from Alaska (135.0). CONCLUSIONS AI/AN <5-year-old OM visits declined by one third from 2003-2005 to 2010-2011 to a rate similar to the US general population <5 years. However, the AI/AN infant OM rate remained higher than the US infant population. The highest AI/AN <5-year-old OM rate occurred in Alaska.
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Mosites E, Frick A, Gounder P, Castrodale L, Rudolph K, Lecy KD, Zulz T, Mclaughlin J, Hennessy T, Bruce M. Clinical characteristics of invasive disease caused by a rare Group A Streptococcus subtype (emm26.3) — Alaska, 2016–2017. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Thomas TK, Ritter T, Bruden D, Bruce M, Byrd K, Goldberger R, Dobson J, Hickel K, Smith J, Hennessy T. Impact of providing in-home water service on the rates of infectious diseases: results from four communities in Western Alaska. J Water Health 2016; 14:132-141. [PMID: 26837837 PMCID: PMC5557094 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of rural Alaskan homes lack in-home piped water; residents haul water to their homes. The limited quantity of water impacts the ability to meet basic hygiene needs. We assessed rates of infections impacted by water quality (waterborne, e.g. gastrointestinal infections) and quantity (water-washed, e.g. skin and respiratory infections) in communities transitioning to in-home piped water. Residents of four communities consented to a review of medical records 3 years before and after their community received piped water. We selected health encounters with ICD-9CM codes for respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal infections. We calculated annual illness episodes for each infection category after adjusting for age. We obtained 5,477 person-years of observation from 1032 individuals. There were 9,840 illness episodes with at least one ICD-9CM code of interest; 8,155 (83%) respiratory, 1,666 (17%) skin, 241 (2%) gastrointestinal. Water use increased from an average 1.5 gallons/capita/day (g/c/d) to 25.7 g/c/d. There were significant (P-value < 0.05) declines in respiratory (16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11-21%), skin (20, 95%CI: 10-30%), and gastrointestinal infections (38, 95%CI: 13-55%). We demonstrated significant declines in respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal infections among individuals who received in-home piped water. This study reinforces the importance of adequate quantities of water for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Thomas
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - T Ritter
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - D Bruden
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigation Program, 4055 Tudor Center Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
| | - M Bruce
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigation Program, 4055 Tudor Center Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
| | - K Byrd
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigation Program, 4055 Tudor Center Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
| | - R Goldberger
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - J Dobson
- Yukon Kuskokwim Health Corporation, P.O. Box 528, Bethel, Alaska, 99559, USA
| | - K Hickel
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - J Smith
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - T Hennessy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigation Program, 4055 Tudor Center Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
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Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, Toomey M, Townshend-Bulson L, Rudolph K, Bulkow L, Spradling PR, Baum R, Hennessy T, McMahon BJ. Antibody Levels and Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results of a 30-Year Follow-up Study and Response to a Booster Dose. J Infect Dis 2016. [PMID: 26802139 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv74832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of protection in children and adults resulting from hepatitis B vaccination is unknown. In 1981, we immunized a cohort of 1578 Alaska Native adults and children from 15 Alaska communities aged ≥6 months using 3 doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS Persons were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels 30 years after receiving the primary series. Those with levels <10 mIU/mL received 1 booster dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine 2-4 weeks later and were then evaluated on the basis of anti-HBs measurements 30 days after the booster. RESULTS Among 243 persons (56%) who responded to the original primary series but received no subsequent doses during the 30-year period, 125 (51%) had an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL. Among participants with anti-HBs levels <10 mIU/mL who were available for follow-up, 75 of 85 (88%) responded to a booster dose with an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL at 30 days. Initial anti-HBs level after the primary series was correlated with higher anti-HBs levels at 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Based on anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL at 30 years and an 88% booster dose response, we estimate that ≥90% of participants had evidence of protection 30 years later. Booster doses are not needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Dana Bruden
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Debby Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Carolyn Zanis
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Gail Thompson
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lisa Rea
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Michele Toomey
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lisa Townshend-Bulson
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage
| | - Karen Rudolph
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lisa Bulkow
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Philip R Spradling
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard Baum
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Brian J McMahon
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage
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Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, Toomey M, Townshend-Bulson L, Rudolph K, Bulkow L, Spradling PR, Baum R, Hennessy T, McMahon BJ. Antibody Levels and Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results of a 30-Year Follow-up Study and Response to a Booster Dose. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:16-22. [PMID: 26802139 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of protection in children and adults resulting from hepatitis B vaccination is unknown. In 1981, we immunized a cohort of 1578 Alaska Native adults and children from 15 Alaska communities aged ≥6 months using 3 doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS Persons were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) levels 30 years after receiving the primary series. Those with levels <10 mIU/mL received 1 booster dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine 2-4 weeks later and were then evaluated on the basis of anti-HBs measurements 30 days after the booster. RESULTS Among 243 persons (56%) who responded to the original primary series but received no subsequent doses during the 30-year period, 125 (51%) had an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL. Among participants with anti-HBs levels <10 mIU/mL who were available for follow-up, 75 of 85 (88%) responded to a booster dose with an anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL at 30 days. Initial anti-HBs level after the primary series was correlated with higher anti-HBs levels at 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Based on anti-HBs level ≥10 mIU/mL at 30 years and an 88% booster dose response, we estimate that ≥90% of participants had evidence of protection 30 years later. Booster doses are not needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Dana Bruden
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Debby Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Carolyn Zanis
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Gail Thompson
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lisa Rea
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Michele Toomey
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lisa Townshend-Bulson
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage
| | - Karen Rudolph
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lisa Bulkow
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Philip R Spradling
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard Baum
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Brian J McMahon
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage
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Plumb I, Lecy KD, Singleton R, Engel MC, Hirschfeld M, Klejka J, Rudolph K, Hennessy T, Bruce M. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Serotype A Infection in Children, Clinical Description of an Emerging Pathogen—Alaska, 2002–2014. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv131.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bulkow LR, Bruce MG, Raczniak G, Hennessy T, Hurlburt D, Bruden D, Klejka J, Thompson G, Case S. The Challenge of Using Data about Household-level Characteristics Obtained from Multiple Informants: Experience in Rural Alaska. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Gounder P, Bulkow LR, Bruce MG, Hennessy T, Snowball M, Adhikari B, Meltzer M, Spradling P, McMahon BJ. Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Two Approaches to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Surveillance in Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Virus Infection. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hennessy T, Bruden D, Castrodale L, McLaughlin JB, Komatsu K, Laura E, O'Leary D, Bradley K, Thompson D, Landen M. Risk Factors for Death from 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1): Is American Indian/Alaska Native Racial Status an Independent Risk Factor? Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thomas TK, Lenaker D, Bruden D, Baum R, Hennessy T. Establishment of Oral Health Surveillance in Alaska. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hennessy T. The Relationship between Water Service and Health Status. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thomas TK, Ritter TL, Hickel K, Bruden D, Bruce MG, Hennessy T. Impact of In-home Water Service on the Rates of Infectious Diseases. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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43
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Benowitz I, Hennessy T. Trends in Hospitalization of American Indian and Alaska Native Children Under Age 5, United States, 1999–2009. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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44
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Bruce MG, Zulz T, Debyle C, Singleton R, Hurlburt D, Bruden D, Rudolph K, Hennessy T, Klejka J, Wenger J. Invasive Disease Caused by Haemophilus Influenzae Serotype a, an Emerging Pathogen in Alaska. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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45
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Lobo R, Cahill C, Blake O, Abbas S, Meany TB, Hennessy T, Kiernan TJ. 13 High sensitive troponin t levels following elective external direct current cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Heart 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308621.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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O'Brien D, Hennessy T, Moran B, Shalloo L. Relating the carbon footprint of milk from Irish dairy farms to economic performance. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:7394-407. [PMID: 26254524 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of milk or the carbon footprint (CF) of milk is a key issue for the European dairy sector given rising concerns over the potential adverse effects of climate change. Several strategies are available to mitigate GHG emissions, but producing milk with a low CF does not necessarily imply that a dairy farm is economically viable. Therefore, to understand the relationship between the CF of milk and dairy farm economic performance, the farm accountancy network database of a European Union nation (Ireland) was applied to a GHG emission model. The method used to quantify GHG emissions was life cycle assessment (LCA), which was independently certified to comply with the British standard for LCA. The model calculated annual on- and off-farm GHG emissions from imported inputs (e.g., electricity) up to the point milk was sold from the farm in CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq). Annual GHG emissions computed using LCA were allocated to milk based on the economic value of dairy farm products and expressed per kilogram of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). The results showed for a nationally representative sample of 221 grass-based Irish dairy farms in 2012 that gross profit averaged € 0.18/L of milk and € 1,758/ha and gross income was € 40,899/labor unit. Net profit averaged € 0.08/L of milk and € 750/ha and net income averaged € 18,125/labor unit. However, significant variability was noted in farm performance across each financial output measure. For instance, net margin per hectare of the top one-third of farms was 6.5 times higher than the bottom third. Financial performance measures were inversely correlated with the CF of milk, which averaged 1.20 kg of CO2-eq/kg of FPCM but ranged from 0.60 to 2.13 kg of CO2-eq/kg of FPCM. Partial least squares regression analysis of correlations between financial and environmental performance indicated that extending the length of the grazing season and increasing milk production per hectare or per cow reduced the CF of milk and increased farm profit. However, where higher milk production per hectare was associated with greater concentrate feeding, this adversely affected the CF of milk and economic performance by increasing both costs and off-farm emissions. Therefore, to mitigate the CF of milk and improve economic performance, grass-based dairy farms should not aim to only increase milk output, but instead target increasing milk production per hectare from grazed grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O'Brien
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - T Hennessy
- Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - B Moran
- Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - L Shalloo
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Bruce MG, Singleton R, Bulkow L, Rudolph K, Zulz T, Gounder P, Hurlburt D, Bruden D, Hennessy T. Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13) on invasive pneumococcal disease and carriage in Alaska. Vaccine 2015; 33:4813-9. [PMID: 26247901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alaska Native (AN) children have experienced high rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). In March 2010, PCV13 was introduced statewide in Alaska. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on IPD in children and adults, 45 months after introduction. METHODS Pneumococcal sterile site isolates, reported through state-wide surveillance, were serotyped using standard methods. We defined a pre-PCV13 time period 2005-2008 and post-PCV13 time period April 2010-December 2013; excluding Jan 2009-March 2010 because PCV13 was introduced pre-licensure in one high-risk region in 2009. RESULTS Among Alaska children <5 years, PCV13 serotypes comprised 65% of IPD in the pre-PCV13 period and 26% in the PCV13 period. Among all Alaska children <5 years, IPD rates decreased from 60.9 (pre) to 25.4 (post) per 100,000/year (P<0.001); PCV13 serotype IPD decreased from 37.7 to 6.4 (P<0.001). Among AN children <5 years, IPD rates decreased from 149.2 to 60.8 (P<0.001); PCV13 serotype IPD decreased from 87.0 to 17.4 (P<0.001); non-PCV13 serotype IPD did not change significantly. Among persons 5-17 and ≥45 years, the post-vaccine IPD rate was similar to the baseline period, but declined in persons 18-44 years (39%, P<0.001); this decline was similar in AN and non-AN persons (38%, P=0.016, 43%, P=0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Forty-five months after PCV13 introduction, overall IPD and PCV13-serotype IPD rates had decreased 58% and 83%, respectively, in Alaska children <5 years of age when compared with 2005-2008. We observed evidence of indirect effect among adults with a 39% reduction in IPD among persons 18-44 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA.
| | | | - Lisa Bulkow
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Karen Rudolph
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Tammy Zulz
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Prabhu Gounder
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Debby Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Dana Bruden
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
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Mohamad N, Ismet RI, Rofiee M, Bannur Z, Hennessy T, Selvaraj M, Ahmad A, Nor F, Abdul Rahman T, Md Isa K, Ismail A, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Metabolomics and partial least square discriminant analysis to predict history of myocardial infarction of self-claimed healthy subjects: validity and feasibility for clinical practice. J Clin Bioinforma 2015; 5:3. [PMID: 25806102 PMCID: PMC4371619 DOI: 10.1186/s13336-015-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dynamics of metabolomics in establishing a prediction model using partial least square discriminant analysis have enabled better disease diagnosis; with emphasis on early detection of diseases. We attempted to translate the metabolomics model to predict the health status of the Orang Asli community whom we have little information. The metabolite expressions of the healthy vs. diseased patients (cardiovascular) were compared. A metabotype model was developed and validated using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Cardiovascular risks of the Orang Asli were predicted and confirmed by biochemistry profiles conducted concurrently. Results Fourteen (14) metabolites were determined as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular risks with receiver operating characteristic of more than 0.7. They include 15S-HETE (AUC = 0.997) and phosphorylcholine (AUC = 0.995). Seven Orang Asli were clustered with the patients’ group and may have ongoing cardiovascular risks and problems. This is supported by biochemistry tests results that showed abnormalities in cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels. Conclusions The disease prediction model based on metabolites is a useful diagnostic alternative as compared to the current single biomarker assays. The former is believed to be more cost effective since a single sample run is able to provide a more comprehensive disease profile, whilst the latter require different types of sampling tubes and blood volumes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13336-015-0018-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nornazliya Mohamad
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Rose Iszati Ismet
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - MohdSalleh Rofiee
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Zakaria Bannur
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia ; Life Sciences & Diagnostics Group, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manikandan Selvaraj
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - FadzilahMohd Nor
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Kamarudzaman Md Isa
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - AdzroolIdzwan Ismail
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Puncak Alam Malaysia, Selangor 42300 Malaysia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
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Karabatsiakis A, Hamuni G, Wilker S, Kolassa S, Renu D, Kadereit S, Schauer M, Hennessy T, Kolassa IT. Metabolite profiling in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Mol Psychiatry 2015; 3:2. [PMID: 25848535 PMCID: PMC4367823 DOI: 10.1186/s40303-015-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic stress does not only increase the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but is also associated with adverse secondary physical health outcomes. Despite increasing efforts, we only begin to understand the underlying biomolecular processes. The hypothesis-free assessment of a wide range of metabolites (termed metabolite profiling) might contribute to the discovery of biological pathways underlying PTSD. METHODS Here, we present the results of the first metabolite profiling study in PTSD, which investigated peripheral blood serum samples of 20 PTSD patients and 18 controls. We performed liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to Quadrupole/Time-Of-Flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry. Two complementary statistical approaches were used to identify metabolites associated with PTSD status including univariate analyses and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). RESULTS Thirteen metabolites displayed significant changes in PTSD, including four glycerophospholipids, and one metabolite involved in endocannabinoid signaling. A biomarker panel of 19 metabolites classifies PTSD with 85% accuracy, while classification accuracy from the glycerophospholipid with the highest differentiating ability already reached 82%. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the feasibility and utility of metabolite profiling for PTSD and suggests lipid-derived and endocannabinoid signaling as potential biological pathways involved in trauma-associated pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilava Hamuni
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Wilker
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Suzanne Kadereit
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maggie Schauer
- Clinical Psychology & Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Hennessy T, Busch T. Detecting atoms trapped in an optical lattice using a tapered optical nanofiber. Opt Express 2014; 22:32509-32519. [PMID: 25607213 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.032509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical detection of structures with dimensions smaller than an optical wavelength requires devices that work on scales beyond the diffraction limit. Here we present the possibility of using a tapered optical nanofiber as a detector to resolve individual atoms trapped in an optical lattice in the Mott insulator phase. We show that the small size of the fiber combined with an enhanced photon collection rate can allow for the attainment of large and reliable measurement signals.
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