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Dittmar MC, Tohidnezhad M, Fragoulis A, Bücker A, Stein M, Pufe T, Kubo Y. Pharmacological effects of methysticin and L-sulforaphane through the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in MLO-Y4 osteocytes: in vitro study. Ann Anat 2024; 254:152260. [PMID: 38521364 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many skeletal diseases by inducing osteocyte death. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of various antioxidant gene expressions through antioxidant response element (ARE) against cellular oxidative stress and can be induced by various stimulants, including the phytochemicals methysticin (MET) and L-sulforaphane (SFN). This study aimed to establish an osteocyte in vitro model to investigate the pharmacological effects of MET and SFN on the Nrf2/ARE pathway. METHODS MLO-Y4 murine osteocytes and the stably transduced MLO-Y4-SIN-lenti-ARE reporter gene cell line were used. MET and SFN were used as Nrf2 inducers. The cytotoxicity of MET, SFN, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated using the CytoTox-Glo™ Assay. Time- and dose-dependent ARE induction was examined by Monoluciferase Assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 target markers, such as heme-oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), were detected by RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Osteogenesis markers, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were compared with and without treatment by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The experimental data showed that MET and SFN induced ARE activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant markers compared to vehicle-treated controls. The protein expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin in the samples treated with SFN were significantly higher than without treatment, and the number of cell death treated with SFN was significantly lower than without treatment under H2O2-induced stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2 inducers MET and SFN increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes through the Nrf2/ARE pathway in osteocytes. Notably, SFN increased the protein expression of osteocyte-associated osteogenic markers and suppressed cell death under H2O2-induced stress condition. Thus, Nrf2 stimulators can exert stress-relieving and osteogenic effects on osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Charlotte Dittmar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Annette Bücker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Matthias Stein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Li Y, Pavanram P, Bühring J, Rütten S, Schröder KU, Zhou J, Pufe T, Wang LN, Zadpoor AA, Jahr H. Physiomimetic biocompatibility evaluation of directly printed degradable porous iron implants using various cell types. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:589-604. [PMID: 37536493 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM) degradable porous metallic biomaterials offer unique opportunities for satisfying the design requirements of an ideal bone substitute. Among the currently available biodegradable metals, iron has the highest elastic modulus, meaning that it would benefit the most from porous design. Given the successful preclinical applications of such biomaterials for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the moderate compatibility of AM porous iron with osteoblast-like cells, reported in earlier studies, has been surprising. This may be because, as opposed to static in vitro conditions, the biodegradation products of iron in vivo are transported away and excreted. To better mimic the in situ situations of biodegradable biomaterials after implantation, we compared the biodegradation behavior and cytocompatibility of AM porous iron under static conditions to the conditions with dynamic in situ-like fluid flow perfusion in a bioreactor. Furthermore, the compatibility of these scaffolds with four different cell types was evaluated to better understand the implications of these implants for the complex process of natural wound healing. These included endothelial cells, L929 fibroblasts, RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells, and osteoblastic MG-63 cells. The biodegradation rate of the scaffolds was significantly increased in the perfusion bioreactor as compared to static immersion. Under either condition, the compatibility with L929 cells was the best. Moreover, the compatibility with all the cell types was much enhanced under physiomimetic dynamic flow conditions as compared to static biodegradation. Our study highlights the importance of physiomimetic culture conditions and cell type selection when evaluating the cytocompatibility of degradable biomaterials in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Additively manufactured (AM) degradable porous metals offer unique opportunities for the treatment of large bony defects. Despite the successful preclinical applications of biodegradable iron in the cardiovascular field, the moderate compatibility of AM porous iron with osteoblast-like cells was reported. To better mimic the in vivo condition, we compared the biodegradation behavior and cytocompatibility of AM porous iron under static condition to dynamic perfusion. Furthermore, the compatibility of these scaffolds with various cell types was evaluated to better simulate the process of natural wound healing. Our study suggests that AM porous iron holds great promise for orthopedic applications, while also highlighting the importance of physio-mimetic culture conditions and cell type selection when evaluating the cytocompatibility of degradable biomaterials in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, the Netherlands.
| | - P Pavanram
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - J Bühring
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Rütten
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Unit, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - K-U Schröder
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - T Pufe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - L-N Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - A A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - H Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.; Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany.
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Schmidt TP, Jütten K, Bertram U, Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Delev D, Gombert A, Mueller CA, Clusmann H, Blume C. Blood spinal cord barrier disruption recovers in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy after surgical decompression: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7389. [PMID: 37149638 PMCID: PMC10164176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is characterized by chronic compression-induced damage to the spinal cord leading to secondary harm such as disruption of the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB). It is therefore the purpose of this study to analyze BSCB disruption in pre- and postoperative DCM patients and to correlate those with the clinical status and postoperative outcome. This prospectively controlled cohort included 50 DCM patients (21 female; 29 male; mean age: 62.9 ± 11.2 years). As neurological healthy controls, 52 (17 female; 35 male; mean age 61.8 ± 17.3 years) patients with thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) and indication for open surgery were included. All patients underwent a neurological examination and DCM-associated scores (Neck Disability Index, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score) were assessed. To evaluate the BSCB status, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (lumbar puncture or CSF drainage) were taken preoperatively and in 15 DCM patients postoperatively (4 female; 11 male; mean age: 64.7 ± 11.1 years). Regarding BSCB disruption, CSF and blood serum were examined for albumin, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM. Quotients for CSF/serum were standardized and calculated according to Reiber diagnostic criteria. Significantly increased preoperative CSF/serum quotients were found in DCM patients as compared to control patients: AlbuminQ (p < .001), IgAQ (p < .001) and IgGQ (p < .001). IgMQ showed no significant difference (T = - 1.15, p = .255). After surgical decompression, neurological symptoms improved in DCM patients, as shown by a significantly higher postoperative mJOA compared to the preoperative score (p = .001). This neurological improvement was accompanied by a significant change in postoperative CSF/serum quotients for Albumin (p = .005) and IgG (p = .004) with a trend of a weak correlation between CSF markers and neurological recovery. This study further substantiates the previous findings, that a BSCB disruption in DCM patients is evident. Interestingly, surgical decompression appears to be accompanied by neurological improvement and a reduction of CSF/serum quotients, implying a BSCB recovery. We found a weak association between BSCB recovery and neurological improvement. A BSCB disruption might be a key pathomechanism in DCM patients, which could be relevant to treatment and clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Philip Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Jütten
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Bertram
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Ove Brandenburg
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Delev
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Gombert
- Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Hans Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Blume
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Fragoulis A, Tohidnezhad M, Kubo Y, Wruck CJ, Craveiro RB, Bock A, Wolf M, Pufe T, Jahr H, Suhr F. The Contribution of the Nrf2/ARE System to Mechanotransduction in Musculoskeletal and Periodontal Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097722. [PMID: 37175428 PMCID: PMC10177782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing plays an essential role in maintaining tissue functions. Across the human body, several tissues (i.e., striated muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, as well as cartilage) require mechanical loading to exert their physiological functions. Contrary, mechanical unloading triggers pathological remodeling of these tissues and, consequently, human body dysfunctions. At the cellular level, both mechanical loading and unloading regulate a wide spectrum of cellular pathways. Among those, pathways regulated by oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent an essential node critically controlling tissue organization and function. Hence, a sensitive balance between the generation and elimination of oxidants keeps them within a physiological range. Here, the Nuclear Factor-E2-related factor 2/Antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) system plays an essential role as it constitutes the major cellular regulation against exogenous and endogenous oxidative stresses. Dysregulations of this system advance, i.a., liver, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases. Herein, we extend our comprehension of the Nrf2 system to the aforementioned mechanically sensitive tissues to explore its role in their physiology and pathology. We demonstrate the relevance of it for the tissues' functionality and highlight the imperative to further explore the Nrf2 system to understand the physiology and pathology of mechanically sensitive tissues in the context of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogerio Bastos Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Bock
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Division of Molecular Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
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Qin K, Li Y, Liang W, Lichte P, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Fragoulis A, Pufe T, Kobbe P, Ma C, Meng H, Balmayor ER, Hildebrand F, Greven J. SULFORAPHANE ADMINISTRATION AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK/RESUSCITATION IN MICE REDUCES THE SECRETION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND INCREASES THE IMMUNOCOMPETENCE OF SPLENIC MACROPHAGES. Shock 2023; 59:486-492. [PMID: 36533531 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway activator, on splenic macrophages' immunocompetence after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R). Methods : Male C57/BL6 wild-type mice (n = 6 per group) were subjected to either pressure-controlled HS (MAP, 35-45 mm Hg) or a sham procedure surgery (without HS). After 90 minutes of HS, fluid resuscitation with withdrawn blood and 0.9% NaCl was performed. Sulforaphane (50 mg/kg of body weight) was applied intraperitoneally immediately after the resuscitation phase as well as 24 and 48 h thereafter, depending on group allocation. The mice were killed at 6, 24, and 72 h after resuscitation. After killing, spleens were harvested to perform Nrf2 immunofluorescence histology. Splenic macrophages were isolated and cultured to measure cytokine secretion in the cell culture supernatant. Furthermore, macrophages isolated after 24-hour resuscitation were treated with 100 ng/mL of bacterial LPS to measure immunocompetence. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging was performed to verify the distribution of SFN in the spleen after intraperitoneal injection. Results : We showed that administered SFN reached the spleen within the first hour after administration. Furthermore, we identified that SFN increased splenic Nrf2 activation and decreased cytokine expression in splenic macrophages after HS/R. In addition, we showed that SFN exhibited splenic anti-inflammatory properties of macrophages in vitro (IL-6/IL-10-ratio of the HS/R group: 51.79 ± 9.99 [at 6 h] and 15.70 ± 3.35 [at 24 h] vs. HS/R + SFN group: 20.54 ± 5.35 [at 6 h] and 8.60 ± 2.37 [at 24 h], P < 0.05). Furthermore, SFN improved in vitro splenic macrophage immunocompetence after HS/R, as evidenced by the increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS stimulation in vitro . Conclusions : Our study shows that SFN can reduce inflammatory cytokines secreted by splenic macrophages after HS/R and increase their immunocompetence toward a more anti-inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - You Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Lichte
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongzheng Meng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Schön CM, Craveiro RB, Niederau C, Conrads G, Jahr H, Pufe T, Wolf M. High concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS downregulate Tlr4 and modulate phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in murine cementoblasts. Ann Anat 2023; 246:152023. [PMID: 36400339 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) is an important virulence factor potentially contributing to periodontal tissue destruction. Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) is a key mediator of NF-kB activation during pathogen recognition. Previous work using Tlr4-specific antibodies demonstrated a partial neutralization of PG-LPS effects on murine cementoblasts, which can affect cell function and regulate gene expression of osteoclastic markers. PG-LPS also potentially influence the inflammation process and the resorption of mineralized tissues. Yet, such inflammatory responses and cell signaling events remain to be characterized at the protein level. We thus investigated the effect of 1 and 10 µg/ml of PG-LPS, respectively, on cell morphology, cell viability, and selected key downstream molecules of the Tlr4 signaling cascade in cementoblasts. High concentrations of PG-LPS (10 µg/ml) significantly reduced cell viability after 48 h. Upon PG-LPS-stimulation, Tlr4 was significantly downregulated. Equally, IκBα, a downstream molecule, was downregulated in terms of phosphorylation and protein production. Furthermore, downstream signaling kinases, like serine/threonine kinase phospho-AKT and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-family, specifically phospho-ERK1/2, were significantly upregulated under high PG-LPS-concentrations. We provide new insights into PG-LPS-triggered intracellular signaling pathways in cementoblasts and thus deliver a basis for further research in PG-mediated periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogerio B Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
| | - Christian Niederau
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Blomeyer N, Tandale SB, Nicolini LF, Kobbe P, Pufe T, Markert B, Stoffel M. Prediction of Temperature and Loading History Dependent Lumbar Spine Biomechanics Under Cyclic Loading Using Recurrent Neural Networks. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:1244-1255. [PMID: 36709233 PMCID: PMC10172265 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Extended-duration cyclic loading of the spine is known to be correlated to lower back pain (LBP). Therefore, it is important to understand how the loading history affects the entire structural behavior of the spine, including the viscoelastic effects. Six human spinal segments (L4L5) were loaded with pure moments up to 7.5 Nm cyclically for half an hour, kept unloaded for 15 min, and loaded with three cycles. This procedure was performed in flexion-extension (FE), axial rotation (AR), and lateral bending (LB) and repeated six times per direction for a total of 18 h of testing per segment. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) was trained to predict the change in the biomechanical response under cyclic loading. A strong positive correlation between the total testing time and the ratio of the third cycle to the last cycle of the loading sequence was found (BT: [Formula: see text] = 0.3469, p = 0.0003, RT: [Formula: see text] =0.1988, p = 0.0377). The moment-range of motion (RoM) curves could be very well predicted with an RNN ([Formula: see text]=0.988), including the correlation between testing time and testing temperature as inputs. This study shows successfully the feasibility of using RNNs to predict changing moment-RoM curves under cyclic moment loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Blomeyer
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062, Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Luis Fernando Nicolini
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Markert
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Stoffel
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Eilfschornsteinstr. 18, 52062, Aachen, Germany
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Kubo Y, Gonzalez JAH, Beckmann R, Weiler M, Pahlavani H, Saldivar MC, Szymanski K, Rosenhain S, Fragoulis A, Leeflang S, Slowik A, Gremse F, Wolf M, Mirzaali MJ, Zadpoor AA, Wruck CJ, Pufe T, Tohidnezhad M, Jahr H. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) deficiency causes age-dependent progression of female osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1015. [PMID: 36434613 PMCID: PMC9700883 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor for cellular redox homeostasis. The association of Nrf2 with elderly female osteoporotic has yet to be fully described. The aim was to elucidate a potential age-dependent Nrf2 contribution to female osteoporosis in mice. METHODS Eighteen female wild type (WT) and 16 Nrf2-knockout (KO) mice were sacrificed at different ages (12 weeks = young mature adult and 90 weeks = old) to analyze their femurs. The morphological properties (trabecular and cortical) were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and compared to gold standard histochemistry analysis. The quasi-static compression tests were performed to calculate the mechanical properties of bones. Additionally, the population of bone resorbing cells and aromatase expression by osteocytes was immunohistochemically evaluated and empty osteocyte lacunae was counted in cortical bone. RESULTS Old Nrf2-KO mice revealed a significantly reduced trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), cortical thickness, cortical area, and bone fraction compared to old WT mice, regardless of no significant difference in skeletally mature young adult mice between WT and KO. Specifically, while all old WT mice showed thin metaphyseal trabeculae, trabecular bone was completely absent in 60% of old KO mice. Additionally, old KO mice showed significantly more osteoclast-like cells and fewer aromatase-positive osteocytes than WT mice, whereas the occurrence of empty osteocyte lacunae did not differ between both groups. Nrf2-KO mice further showed an age-dependently reduced fracture resilience compared to age-matched WT mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic Nrf2 loss can lead to age-dependent progression of female osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jesus Abraham Herrera Gonzalez
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckmann
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marek Weiler
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helda Pahlavani
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Cruz Saldivar
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Szymanski
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rosenhain
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sander Leeflang
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Slowik
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Orthodontics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Javad Mirzaali
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Abbas Zadpoor
- grid.5292.c0000 0001 2097 4740Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstraße 7, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Fragoulis A, Schenkel J, Schröder N, Brandt EF, Weiand M, Neu T, Ramadori P, Caspers T, Kant S, Pufe T, Mohs A, Trautwein C, Longerich T, Streetz KL, Wruck CJ. Nrf2 induces malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells by inducing β-catenin expression. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102453. [PMID: 36209041 PMCID: PMC9618468 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2 signaling pathway prevents cancer initiation, but genetic mutations that activate this pathway are found in various types of cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying this Janus-headed character are still not understood. Here, we show that sustained Nrf2 activation induces proliferation and dedifferentiation of a Wnt-responsive perivenular hepatic progenitor cell population, transforming them into metastatic cancer cells. The neoplastic lesions display many histological features known from human hepatoblastoma. We describe an Nrf2-induced upregulation of β-catenin expression and its activation as the underlying mechanism for the observed malignant transformation. Thus, we have identified the Nrf2–β-catenin axis promoting proliferation of hepatic stem cells and triggering tumorigenesis. These findings support the concept that different functional levels of Nrf2 control both the protection against various toxins as well as liver regeneration by activating hepatic stem cells. Activation of the hepatic stem cell compartment confers the observation that unbridled Nrf2 activation may trigger tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Schenkel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Weiand
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Tabita Neu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Caspers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kant
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Mohs
- Department of Medicine III, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany
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10
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Jahr H, van der Windt AE, Timur UT, Baart EB, Lian WS, Rolauffs B, Wang FS, Pufe T. Physosmotic Induction of Chondrogenic Maturation Is TGF-β Dependent and Enhanced by Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095110. [PMID: 35563498 PMCID: PMC9100228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing extracellular osmolarity 100 mOsm/kg above plasma level to the physiological levels for cartilage induces chondrogenic marker expression and the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 has been reported to modulate the hypertrophic differentiation of primary chondrocytes under such conditions, but the molecular mechanism has remained unclear. We aimed at clarifying its role. Chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells were cultured under plasma osmolarity and chondrocyte-specific in situ osmolarity (+100 mOsm, physosmolarity) was increased to compare the activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5). The effects of osmolarity and FK506 on calcineurin activity, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix quality, and BMP- and TGF-β signaling were analyzed using biochemical, gene, and protein expression, as well as reporter and bio-assays. NFAT5 translocation was similar in chondrocyte cell lines and primary cells. High supraphysiological osmolarity compromised cell proliferation, while physosmolarity or FK506 did not, but in combination increased proteoglycan and collagen expression in chondrocytes in vitro and in situ. The expression of the TGF-β-inducible protein TGFBI, as well as chondrogenic (SOX9, Col2) and terminal differentiation markers (e.g., Col10) were affected by osmolarity. Particularly, the expression of minor collagens (e.g., Col9, Col11) was affected. The inhibition of the FK506-binding protein suggests modulation at the TGF-β receptor level, rather than calcineurin-mediated signaling, as a cause. Physiological osmolarity promotes terminal chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells through the sensitization of the TGF-β superfamily signaling at the type I receptor. While hyperosmolarity alone facilitates TGF-β superfamily signaling, FK506 further enhances signaling by releasing the FKBP12 break from the type I receptor to improve collagenous marker expression. Our results help explain earlier findings and potentially benefit future cell-based cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2418089525
| | - Anna E. van der Windt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ufuk Tan Timur
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B. Baart
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79085 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Department of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (F.-S.W.)
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (U.T.T.); (T.P.)
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11
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Liang W, Greven J, Qin K, Fragoulis A, Horst K, Bläsius F, Wruck C, Pufe T, Kobbe P, Hildebrand F, Lichte P. Sulforaphane Exerts Beneficial Immunomodulatory Effects on Liver Tissue via a Nrf2 Pathway-Related Mechanism in a Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822895. [PMID: 35222401 PMCID: PMC8866169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our research explores the immunomodulatory effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a well-known nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway agonist, on the sterile inflammation of and ischemia-reperfusion injuries to the liver after hemorrhagic shock (HS) followed by resuscitation (R). Male C57/BL6 wild-type and transgenic ARE-luc mice were exposed to mean arterial pressure-controlled HS. Fluid resuscitation was performed after 90 min of HS, and SFN was administrated intraperitoneally after that. The animals were sacrificed at 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h after resuscitation, and their livers were extracted to perform H&E staining and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity analysis. The Kupffer cells were isolated for cytokines profile measurements and Nrf2 immunofluorescence staining. Further, the ARE-luc mice were used to assess hepatic Nrf2 activity in vivo. We identified that SFN-activated Kupffer cells’ Nrf2 pathway and modulated its cytokines expression, including TNF-α, MCP-1, KC/CXCL1, IL-6, and IL-10. Furthermore, SFN mitigated liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, as evidenced by the downregulation of the Suzuki score and the enhanced hepatic Nrf2 activity. The in vivo SFN treatment decreased neutrophils infiltration, as shown by the decreased MPO levels. Our study shows that SFN can decrease HS/R-induced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and modulate the activity of Kupffer cells via an Nrf2-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Bläsius
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Lichte
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Liang W, Greven J, Fragoulis A, Horst K, Bläsius F, Wruck C, Pufe T, Kobbe P, Hildebrand F, Lichte P. Sulforaphane-Dependent Up-Regulation of NRF2 Activity Alleviates Both Systemic Inflammatory Response and Lung Injury After Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation in Mice. Shock 2022; 57:221-229. [PMID: 34559743 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R) is closely associated with overwhelming oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. As an effective activator of the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, sulforaphane (SFN) exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We explored SFN's effects on alveolar macrophages (AMs), systemic inflammation, and pulmonary damage in an isolated murine HS/R model. Male C57/BL6 wild type and transgenic antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase (luc) mice (both n = 6 per group) were exposed to either pressure-controlled HS/R (mean arterial pressure 35-45 mm Hg for 90 min) or sham procedure (surgery without HS/R) or were sacrificed without intervention (control group). Fluid resuscitation was performed via the reinfusion of withdrawn blood and 0.9% saline. Sulforaphane or 0.9% saline (vehicle) was administrated intraperitoneally. Mice were sacrificed 6, 24, or 72 h after resuscitation. Bioluminescence imaging of ARE-luc mice was conducted to measure pulmonary Nrf2 activity. Plasma was collected to determine systemic cytokine levels. Alveolar macrophages were isolated before measuring cytokines in the supernatant and performing immunofluorescence staining, as well as Western blot for intracellular Nrf2. Histological damage was assessed via the acute lung injury score and wet/dry ratio.Hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation was associated with pulmonary Nrf2 activation. Sulforaphane enhanced pulmonary Nrf2 activity and the Nrf2 activation of AM, while it decreased lung damage. Sulforaphane exerted down-regulatory effects on AM-generated and systemic pro-inflammatory mediators, while it did not have such effects on IL-10.In conclusion, SFN beneficially enhances pulmonary Nrf2 activity and promotes Nrf2 accumulation in AMs' nuclei. This may exert not only local protective effects but also systemic effects via the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The administration of Nrf2 activator post-HS/R may represent an innovative treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Bläsius
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kobbe
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Lichte
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Kubo Y, Beckmann R, Fragoulis A, Conrads C, Pavanram P, Nebelung S, Wolf M, Wruck CJ, Jahr H, Pufe T. Nrf2/ARE Signaling Directly Regulates SOX9 to Potentially Alter Age-Dependent Cartilage Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020263. [PMID: 35204144 PMCID: PMC8868513 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in osteoarthritis, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway maintains redox homeostasis. We investigated whether Nrf2/ARE signaling controls SOX9. SOX9 expression in human C-28/I2 chondrocytes was measured by RT–qPCR after shRNA-mediated knockdown of Nrf2 or its antagonist the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap ‘‘n’’ collar homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1). To verify whether Nrf2 transcriptionally regulates SOX9, putative ARE-binding sites in the proximal SOX9 promoter region were inactivated, cloned into pGL3, and co-transfected with phRL–TK for dual-luciferase assays. SOX9 promoter activities without and with Nrf2-inducer methysticin were compared. Sox9 expression in articular chondrocytes was correlated to cartilage thickness and degeneration in wild-type (WT) and Nrf2-knockout mice. Nrf2-specific RNAi significantly decreased SOX9 expression, whereas Keap1-specific RNAi increased it. Putative ARE sites (ARE1, ARE2) were identified in the SOX9 promoter region. ARE2 mutagenesis significantly reduced SOX9 promoter activity, but ARE1 excision did not. Functional ARE2 site was essential for methysticin-mediated induction of SOX9 promoter activity. Young Nrf2-knockout mice revealed significantly lower Sox9-positive chondrocytes, and old Nrf2-knockout animals showed thinner cartilage and more cartilage degeneration. Our results suggest Nrf2 directly regulates SOX9 in articular cartilage, and Nrf2-loss can develop mild osteoarthritis at old age. Pharmacological Nrf2 induction may hold the potential to diminish age-dependent cartilage degeneration through improving SOX9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-24-1808-9525
| | - Rainer Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Claudius Conrads
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Prathyusha Pavanram
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.B.); (A.F.); (C.C.); (P.P.); (C.J.W.); (H.J.); (T.P.)
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14
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Voelz C, Ebrahimy N, Zhao W, Habib P, Zendedel A, Pufe T, Beyer C, Slowik A. Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Leads to miRNA Alterations in Different Brain Regions, Blood Serum, Liver, and Spleen. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010161. [PMID: 35008586 PMCID: PMC8745086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is characterized by an occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel resulting in neuronal cell death due to nutritional and oxygen deficiency. Additionally, post-ischemic cell death is augmented after reperfusion. These events are paralleled by dysregulated miRNA expression profiles in the peri-infarct area. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism in the peri-infarct region is crucial for developing promising therapeutics. Utilizing a tMCAo (transient Middle Cerebral Artery occlusion) model in rats, we studied the expression levels of the miRNAs (miR) 223-3p, 155-5p, 3473, and 448-5p in the cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and hippocampus of both the ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres. Additionally, the levels in the blood serum, spleen, and liver and the expression of their target genes, namely, Nlrp3, Socs1, Socs3, and Vegfa, were assessed. We observed an increase in all miRNAs on the ipsilateral side of the cerebral cortex in a time-dependent manner and increased miRNAs levels (miR-223-3p, miR-3473, and miR-448-5p) in the contralateral hemisphere after 72 h. Besides the cerebral cortex, the amygdala presented increased expression levels, whereas the thalamus and hippocampus showed no alterations. Different levels of the investigated miRNAs were detected in blood serum, liver, and spleen. The gene targets were altered not only in the peri-infarct area of the cortex but selectively increased in the investigated non-affected brain regions along with the spleen and liver during the reperfusion time up to 72 h. Our results suggest a supra-regional influence of miRNAs following ischemic stroke, which should be studied to further identify whether miRNAs are transported or locally upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Voelz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Nahal Ebrahimy
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Weiyi Zhao
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Pardes Habib
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- JARA-BRAIN Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.V.); (N.E.); (W.Z.); (A.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-80-89112
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15
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Knaup I, Symmank J, Bastian A, Neuss S, Pufe T, Jacobs C, Wolf M. Impact of FGF1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblast growth, osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory reaction in vitro. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:42-55. [PMID: 34874457 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate in vitro the impact of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in comparison to ascorbic acid (AscA) on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) growth, their osteogenic differentiation, and modulation of their inflammatory reaction to mechanical stress. METHODS The influence of different concentrations of FGF1 (12.5-200 ng/mL) on growth and proliferation of HPdLF cells was analyzed over 20 days by counting cell numbers and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells. Quantitative expression analysis of genes encoding the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OSP), as well as the fibroblast markers vimentin (VIM) and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1), was performed after 2 and 20 days of cultivation. Metabolic activity was determined by MTT assay. For comparison with AscA, 50 ng/mL FGF1 was used for stimulation for 2 and 20 days. Cell number, percentage of Ki67-positive cells, and expression of osteoblast- and fibroblast-specific genes were examined. Alkaline phosphatase activity was visualized by NBT/BCIP and calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red. Cytokine (IL‑6, IL‑8, COX2/PGE2) expression and secretion were analyzed by qPCR and ELISA in 6 h mechanically compressed HPdLF cultured for 2 days with FGF1 or ascorbic acid. RESULTS Higher concentrations of FGF1 promoted cell proliferation upon short-term stimulation, whereas prolonged treatment induced the expression of osteogenic markers even with low concentrations. AscA promotes cell growth more markedly than FGF1 in short-term cultures, whereas FGF1 induced osteogenic cell fate more strongly in long-term culture. Both factors induced an increased inflammatory response of HPdLF to mechanical compression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FGF1 promotes an osteogenic phenotype of HPdLF and limits inflammatory response to mechanical forces compared to AscA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Asisa Bastian
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Kubo Y, Drescher W, Fragoulis A, Tohidnezhad M, Jahr H, Gatz M, Driessen A, Eschweiler J, Tingart M, Wruck CJ, Pufe T. Adverse Effects of Oxidative Stress on Bone and Vasculature in Corticosteroid-Associated Osteonecrosis: Potential Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Cytoprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:357-376. [PMID: 33678001 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Osteonecrosis (ON) is characterized by bone tissue death due to disturbance of the nutrient artery. The detailed process leading to the necrotic changes has not been fully elucidated. Clinically, high-dose corticosteroid therapy is one of the main culprits behind osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Recent Advances: Numerous studies have proposed that such ischemia concerns various intravascular mechanisms. Of all reported risk factors, the involvement of oxidative stress in the irreversible damage suffered by bone-related and vascular endothelial cells during ischemia simply cannot be overlooked. Several articles also have sought to elucidate oxidative stress in relation to ON using animal models or in vitro cell cultures. Critical Issues: However, as far as we know, antioxidant monotherapy has still not succeeded in preventing ONFH in humans. To provide this desideratum, we herein summarize the current knowledge about the influence of oxidative stress on ON, together with data about the preventive effects of administering antioxidants in corticosteroid-induced ON animal models. Moreover, oxidative stress is counteracted by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent cytoprotective network through regulating antioxidant expressions. Therefore, we also describe Nrf2 regulation and highlight its role in the pathology of ON. Future Directions: This is a review of all available literature to date aimed at developing a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanism behind ON from the perspective of oxidative stress. It may be hoped that this synthesis will spark the development of a prophylactic strategy to benefit corticosteroid-associated ONFH patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 357-376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf Drescher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Rummelsberg Hospital, Schwarzenbruck, Germany
| | | | | | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gatz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arne Driessen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Kubo Y, Lang O, Amin L, Waldmann F, Bayer A, Lippross S, Pufe T, Tohidnezhad M. Platelet-released growth factors protect articular chondrocytes from inflammatory condition. Ann Anat 2021; 238:151787. [PMID: 34144154 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although platelet-released growth factors (PRGF) can protect cells from inflammation or oxidative stress condition, their therapeutic efficacy for articular cartilage degeneration has been little discussed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PRGF on human articular chondrocytes under inflammatory conditions. METHODS Human C-28/I2 chondrocytes were treated with PRGF, the production from liquid-preserved platelet concentrates obtained by platelet apheresis from human volunteers. Cell proliferation/viability, and collagen type (COL) II and SOX9 gene expressions for chondrogenesis were evaluated with different PRGF concentrations. Additionally, in vitro inflammatory condition was mimicked by stimulating the cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Under inflammation, cell viability, TNF-α gene expression, and the protein levels of cytokines including TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and -6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) angiogenesis marker, were compared with and without PRGF treatment. RESULTS Cell proliferation/viability, and SOX9 and COL II expressions in chondrocytes stimulated with 10% PRGF were significantly higher than without treatment. Cell viability with 10% PRGF was also statistically higher than without treatment under inflammation. The TNF-α gene expression with 10% PRGF was significantly lower than without treatment under inflammation. The protein levels of endogenous TNF-α with 5% PRGF, IL-1β with 10% PRGF, and IL-6 with 5 and 10% PRGF in chondrocytes were significantly lower than untreated ones under inflammation. The VEGF-protein level in chondrocytes stimulated with 20% PRGF was significantly higher than without treatment under inflammation, while there was no significant difference between with 10% PRGF and without treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that optimal PRGF treatment leads to the increase of chondrocyte proliferation/viability and chondrogenic markers, while it increased cell viability but reduced IL-1β and IL-6 expressions under inflammatory condition, suggesting the therapeutic role of PRGF for protection from articular cartilage degeneration through anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Olga Lang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lavin Amin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Felix Waldmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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18
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Mende W, Götzl R, Kubo Y, Pufe T, Ruhl T, Beier JP. The Role of Adipose Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration and Bone Tissue Engineering. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050975. [PMID: 33919377 PMCID: PMC8143357 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process that is influenced by tissue interactions, inflammatory responses, and progenitor cells. Diseases, lifestyle, or multiple trauma can disturb fracture healing, which might result in prolonged healing duration or even failure. The current gold standard therapy in these cases are bone grafts. However, they are associated with several disadvantages, e.g., donor site morbidity and availability of appropriate material. Bone tissue engineering has been proposed as a promising alternative. The success of bone-tissue engineering depends on the administered cells, osteogenic differentiation, and secretome. Different stem cell types offer advantages and drawbacks in this field, while adipose-derived stem or stromal cells (ASCs) are in particular promising. They show high osteogenic potential, osteoinductive ability, and immunomodulation properties. Furthermore, they can be harvested through a noninvasive process in high numbers. ASCs can be induced into osteogenic lineage through bioactive molecules, i.e., growth factors and cytokines. Moreover, their secretome, in particular extracellular vesicles, has been linked to fracture healing. The aim of this review is a comprehensive overview of ASCs for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Mende
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Götzl
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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19
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Rüger M, Kipp E, Schubert N, Schröder N, Pufe T, Stope MB, Kipp M, Blume C, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. The formyl peptide receptor agonist Ac2-26 alleviates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:325. [PMID: 33121515 PMCID: PMC7596991 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis is still a cause of severe neurological disability. The brain is protected from penetrating pathogens by the blood-brain barrier and the innate immune system. The invading pathogens are recognized by pattern recognition receptors including the G-protein-coupled formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), which are expressed by immune cells of the central nervous system. FPRs show a broad spectrum of ligands, including pro- and anti-inflammatory ones. Here, we investigated the effects of the annexin A1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. Methods Wildtype (WT) and Fpr1- and Fpr2-deficient mice were intrathecally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 (type 2). Subsequently, the different mice groups were treated by intraperitoneal injections of Ac2-26 (1 mg/kg body weight) 2, 8, and 24 h post-infection. The extent of inflammation was analyzed in various brain regions by means of immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 30 h post-infection. Results Ac2-26-treated WT mice showed less severe neutrophil infiltration, paralleled by a reduced induction of pro-inflammatory glial cell responses in the hippocampal formation and cortex. While meningitis was ameliorated in Ac2-26-treated Fpr1-deficient mice, this protective effect was not observed in Fpr2-deficient mice. Irrespective of Ac2-26 treatment, inflammation was more severe in Fpr2-deficient compared to Fpr1-deficient mice. Conclusions In summary, this study demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties of Ac2-26 in a model of bacterial meningitis, which are mediated via FPR2, but not FPR1. Ac2-26 and other FPR2 modulators might be promising targets for the development of novel therapies for Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Rüger
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Schubert
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schröder
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Gelsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Blume
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Gelsheimer Strasse 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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20
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Kweider N, Pufe T, Rath W. Nrf2 Deficiency exaggerates inflammatory response in murine placenta. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Kweider
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen (RWTH), Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie
- St.-Antonius-Hospital Eschweiler, Klinik für Gynäkologie
| | - T Pufe
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen (RWTH), Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie
| | - W Rath
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe
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21
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Fragoulis A, Schenkel J, Herzog M, Schellenberg T, Jahr H, Pufe T, Trautwein C, Kensler TW, Streetz KL, Wruck CJ. Nrf2 Ameliorates DDC-Induced Sclerosing Cholangitis and Biliary Fibrosis and Improves the Regenerative Capacity of the Liver. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:485-498. [PMID: 30825315 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nrf2 pathway protects against oxidative stress and induces regeneration of various tissues. Here, we investigated whether Nrf2 protects from sclerosing cholangitis and biliary fibrosis and simultaneously induces liver regeneration. Diet containing 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) was fed to Nrf2-KO mice (Nrf2-/-), mice with liver-specific hyperactivated Nrf2 (HKeap1-/-) and wild-type (WT) littermates to induce cholangitis, liver fibrosis, and oval cell expansion. HKeap1-/--mice were protected from almost all DDC-induced injury compared with WT and Nrf2-/-. Liver injury in Nrf2-/- and WT mice was mostly similar, albeit Nrf2-/- suffered more from DDC diet as seen for several parameters. Nrf2 activity was especially important for the expression of the hepatic efflux transporters Abcg2 and Abcc2-4, which are involved in hepatic toxin elimination. Surprisingly, cell proliferation was more enhanced in Nrf2-/-- and HKeap1-/--mice compared with WT. Interestingly, Nrf2-/--mice failed to sufficiently activate oval cell expansion after DDC treatment and showed almost no resident oval cell population under control conditions. The resident oval cell population of untreated HKeap1-/--mice was increased and DDC treatment resulted in a stronger oval cell expansion compared with WT. We provide evidence that Nrf2 activation protects from DDC-induced sclerosing cholangitis and biliary fibrosis. Moreover, our data establish a possible role of Nrf2 in oval cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.,Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Konrad L Streetz
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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22
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Schröder N, Schaffrath A, Welter JA, Putzka T, Griep A, Ziegler P, Brandt E, Samer S, Heneka MT, Kaddatz H, Zhan J, Kipp E, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Kipp M, Brandenburg LO. Inhibition of formyl peptide receptors improves the outcome in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:131. [PMID: 32331524 PMCID: PMC7181500 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An important hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the increase of Aβ1-42 burden and its accumulation to senile plaques, leading the reactive gliosis and neurodegeneration. The modulation of glia cell function represents an attractive therapeutic strategy, but is currently limited by an incomplete understanding of its relevance for AD. The chemotactic G-protein coupled formyl peptide receptor (FPR), which is known to modulate Aβ1-42 uptake and signal transduction, might be one candidate molecule regulating glia function in AD. Here, we investigate whether the modulation of FPR exerts beneficial effects in an AD preclinical model. Methods To address this question, APP/PS1 double-transgenic AD mice were treated for 20 weeks with either the pro-inflammatory FPR agonist fMLF, the FPR1/2 antagonist Boc2 or the anti-inflammatory FPR2 agonist Ac2-26. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated using a Morris water maze test. Immunohistological staining, gene expression studies, and flow cytometry analyses were performed to study neuronal loss, gliosis, and Aß-load in the hippocampus and cortex, respectively. Results FPR antagonism by Boc2-treatment significantly improved spatial memory performance, reduced neuronal pathology, induced the expression of homeostatic growth factors, and ameliorated microglia, but not astrocyte, reactivity. Furthermore, the elevated levels of amyloid plaques in the hippocampus were reduced by Boc2-treatment, presumably by an induction of amyloid degradation. Conclusions We suggest that the modulation of FPR signaling cascades might be considered as a promising therapeutic approach for alleviating the cognitive deficits associated with early AD. Additional studies are now needed to address the downstream effectors as well as the safety profile of Boc2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schröder
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Schaffrath
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josua A Welter
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Putzka
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angelika Griep
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Brandt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Samer
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hannes Kaddatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jiangshan Zhan
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057, Rostock, Germany. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Tohidnezhad M, Zander J, Slowik A, Kubo Y, Dursun G, Willenberg W, Zendedel A, Kweider N, Stoffel M, Pufe T. Impact of Uniaxial Stretching on Both Gliding and Traction Areas of Tendon Explants in a Novel Bioreactor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082925. [PMID: 32331279 PMCID: PMC7215532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of mechanical stress on cells and their extracellular matrix, especially in gliding sections of tendon, are still poorly understood. This study sought to compare the effects of uniaxial stretching on both gliding and traction areas in the same tendon. Flexor digitorum longus muscle tendons explanted from rats were subjected to stretching in a bioreactor for 6, 24, or 48 h, respectively, at 1 Hz and an amplitude of 2.5%. After stimulation, marker expression was quantified by histological and immunohistochemical staining in both gliding and traction areas. We observed a heightened intensity of scleraxis after 6 and 24 h of stimulation in both tendon types, though it had declined again 48 h after stimulation. We observed induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -13 protein expression in both tendon types. The bioreactor produced an increase in the mechanical structural strength of the tendon during the first half of the loading time and a decrease during the latter half. Uniaxial stretching of flexor tendon in our set-up can serve as an overloading model. A combination of mechanical and histological data allows us to improve the conditions for cultivating tendon tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-89550; Fax: +49-241-80-82431
| | - Johanna Zander
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Gözde Dursun
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (G.D.); (W.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Willenberg
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (G.D.); (W.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nisreen Kweider
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Marcus Stoffel
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 64, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (G.D.); (W.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.Z.); (Y.K.); (N.K.); (T.P.)
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24
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Kubo Y, Wruck CJ, Fragoulis A, Drescher W, Pape HC, Lichte P, Fischer H, Tohidnezhad M, Hildebrand F, Pufe T, Jahr H. Role of Nrf2 in Fracture Healing: Clinical Aspects of Oxidative Stress. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:341-352. [PMID: 31236620 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a natural process that recapitulates embryonic skeletal development. In the early phase after fracture, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced under inflammatory and ischemic conditions due to vessel injury and soft tissue damage, leading to cell death. Usually, such damage during the course of fracture healing can be largely prevented by protective mechanisms and functions of antioxidant enzymes. However, intrinsic oxidative stress can cause excessive toxic radicals, resulting in irreversible damage to cells associated with bone repair during the fracture healing process. Clinically, patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, habitual drinkers, or heavy smokers are at risk of impaired fracture healing due to elevated oxidative stress. Although increased levels of oxidative stress markers upon fracture and effects of antioxidants on fracture healing have been reported, a detailed understanding of what causes impaired fracture healing under intrinsic conditions of oxidative stress is lacking. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been identified as a key transcriptional regulator of the expression of antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes. It further not only plays a crucial role in preventing degenerative diseases in multiple organs, but also during fracture healing. This narrative review evaluates the influence of intrinsic oxidative stress on fracture healing and sheds new light on the intriguing role of Nrf2 during bone regeneration in pathological fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf Drescher
- Department of Orthopaedics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Lower Limb and Arthroplasty, Hospital Rummelsberg, Rummelsberg 71, 90592, Schwarzenbruck, Germany
| | - Hans Christoph Pape
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Lichte
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Jahr H, Gunes S, Kuhn AR, Nebelung S, Pufe T. Bioreactor-Controlled Physoxia Regulates TGF-β Signaling to Alter Extracellular Matrix Synthesis by Human Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071715. [PMID: 30959909 PMCID: PMC6480267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturing articular chondrocytes under physiological oxygen tension exerts positive effects on their extracellular matrix synthesis. The underlying molecular mechanisms which enhance the chondrocytic phenotype are, however, still insufficiently elucidated. The TGF-β superfamily of growth factors, and the prototypic TGF-β isoforms in particular, are crucial in maintaining matrix homeostasis of these cells. We employed a feedback-controlled table-top bioreactor to investigate the role of TGF-β in microtissues of human chondrocytes over a wider range of physiological oxygen tensions (i.e., physoxia). We compared 1%, 2.5%, and 5% of partial oxygen pressure (pO2) to the ‘normoxic’ 20%. We confirmed physoxic conditions through the induction of marker genes (PHD3, VEGF) and oxygen tension-dependent chondrocytic markers (SOX9, COL2A1). We identified 2.5% pO2 as an oxygen tension optimally improving chondrocytic marker expression (ACAN, COL2A1), while suppressing de-differentiation markers (COL1A1,COL3A1). Expression of TGF-β isoform 2 (TGFB2) was, relatively, most responsive to 2.5% pO2, while all three isoforms were induced by physoxia. We found TGF-β receptors ALK1 and ALK5 to be regulated by oxygen tension on the mRNA and protein level. In addition, expression of type III co-receptors betaglycan and endoglin appeared to be regulated by oxygen tension as well. R-Smad signaling confirmed that physoxia divergently regulated phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and Smad2/3. Pharmacological inhibition of canonical ALK5-mediated signaling abrogated physoxia-induced COL2A1 and PAI-1 expression. Physoxia altered expression of hypertrophy markers and that of matrix metalloproteases and their activity, as well as expression ratios of specific proteins (Sp)/Krüppel-like transcription factor family members SP1 and SP3, proving a molecular concept of ECM marker regulation. Keeping oxygen levels tightly balanced within a physiological range is important for optimal chondrocytic marker expression. Our study provides novel insights into transcriptional regulations in chondrocytes under physoxic in vitro conditions and may contribute to improving future cell-based articular cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HXMaastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Seval Gunes
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Annika-Ricarda Kuhn
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Aachen, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
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26
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Fitschen-Oestern S, Lippross S, Klueter T, Weuster M, Varoga D, Tohidnezhad M, Pufe T, Rose-John S, Andruszkow H, Hildebrand F, Steubesand N, Seekamp A, Neunaber C. Correction to: A new multiple trauma model of the mouse. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:72. [PMID: 30744619 PMCID: PMC6371601 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fitschen-Oestern
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klueter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Weuster
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Deike Varoga
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hagen Andruszkow
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Steubesand
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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27
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Kweider N, Hock J, Pufe T, Wruck C, Rath W. Mögliche Bedeutung des Transkriptionsfaktors (Nrf2) Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 in der fetalen Entwicklung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Kweider
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
- Rhein Maas Klinikum GmbH, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Würselen, Deutschland
| | - J Hock
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - T Pufe
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - C Wruck
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - W Rath
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Kiel, Deutschland
- Gynäkologie und Geburtsmedizin des Universitätsklinikums, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
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28
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Kweider N, Pecks U, Karl C, Pufe T, Wruck CJ, Rath W. Expression der Nrf2-abhängiger Hämoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in der Plazenta von Patientinnen mit early-onset Präeklampsie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Kweider
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
- Rhein Maas Klinikum GmbH, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Würselen, Deutschland
| | - U Pecks
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - C Karl
- Rhein Maas Klinikum GmbH, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Würselen, Deutschland
| | - T Pufe
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - CJ Wruck
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - W Rath
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Kiel, Deutschland
- Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Aachen, Deutschland
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29
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Aust V, Kress E, Abraham S, Schröder N, Kipp M, Stope MB, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. Lack of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 leads to decreased survival and reduced immune response after bacterial meningitis. Cytokine 2018; 111:246-254. [PMID: 30199766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pneumococcal meningitis, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is the most common type of bacterial meningitis. The clinical management of this disease has been challenged by the emergence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, requiring the urgent development of new therapeutic alternatives. Over the course of bacterial meningitis, pathogen invasion is accompanied by a massive recruitment of peripheral immune cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes, which are recruited under the coordination of several cytokines and chemokines. Here, we used chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (Ccl3)-deficient mice to investigate the functional role of CCL3 in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. Following intrathecal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae Ccl3-deficient mice presented a significantly shorter survival and higher bacterial load than wildtype mice, paralleled by an ameliorated infiltration of neutrophil granulocytes into the CNS. Blood sample analysis revealed that infected Ccl3-deficient mice showed a significant decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as in the number of banded neutrophils. Moreover, infected Ccl3-deficient mice showed an altered cytokine expression profile. Glial cell activation remained unchanged in both genotypes. In summary, this study demonstrates that CCL3 is beneficial in Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced meningitis. Pharmacological modulation of the CCL3 pathways might, therefore, represent a future therapeutic option to manage Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Aust
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Abraham
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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30
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Lipps C, Klein F, Wahlicht T, Seiffert V, Butueva M, Zauers J, Truschel T, Luckner M, Köster M, MacLeod R, Pezoldt J, Hühn J, Yuan Q, Müller PP, Kempf H, Zweigerdt R, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Pufe T, Beckmann R, Drescher W, Riancho J, Sañudo C, Korff T, Opalka B, Rebmann V, Göthert JR, Alves PM, Ott M, Schucht R, Hauser H, Wirth D, May T. Expansion of functional personalized cells with specific transgene combinations. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29520052 PMCID: PMC5843645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental research and drug development for personalized medicine necessitates cell cultures from defined genetic backgrounds. However, providing sufficient numbers of authentic cells from individuals poses a challenge. Here, we present a new strategy for rapid cell expansion that overcomes current limitations. Using a small gene library, we expanded primary cells from different tissues, donors, and species. Cell-type-specific regimens that allow the reproducible creation of cell lines were identified. In depth characterization of a series of endothelial and hepatocytic cell lines confirmed phenotypic stability and functionality. Applying this technology enables rapid, efficient, and reliable production of unlimited numbers of personalized cells. As such, these cell systems support mechanistic studies, epidemiological research, and tailored drug development. Personalised medicine requires cell cultures from defined genetic backgrounds, but providing sufficient numbers of cells is a challenge. Here the authors develop gene cocktails to expand primary cells from a variety of different tissues and species, and show that expanded endothelial and hepatic cells retain properties of the differentiated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lipps
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Experimental Cardiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Klein
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tom Wahlicht
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Virginia Seiffert
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Milada Butueva
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Luckner
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Köster
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick MacLeod
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörn Pezoldt
- Experimental Immunology, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Hühn
- Experimental Immunology, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Translational Research Group Cell and Gene Therapy, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Paul Müller
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolf Drescher
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Lower Limb and Arthroplasty, Rummelsberg Hospital, Schwarzenbruck, 90592, Germany
| | - Jose Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Carolina Sañudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, RG Blood Vessel Remodeling, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Translational Research Group Cell and Gene Therapy, Twincore - Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schucht
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany. .,Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tobias May
- InSCREENeX GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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31
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Bayer A, Tohidnezhad M, Berndt R, Lippross S, Behrendt P, Klüter T, Pufe T, Jahr H, Cremer J, Rademacher F, Simanski M, Gläser R, Harder J. Platelet-released growth factors inhibit proliferation of primary keratinocytes in vitro. Ann Anat 2018; 215:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Fitschen-Oestern S, Lippross S, Klueter T, Weuster M, Varoga D, Tohidnezhad M, Pufe T, Rose-John S, Andruszkow H, Hildebrand F, Steubesand N, Seekamp A, Neunaber C. A new multiple trauma model of the mouse. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:468. [PMID: 29157219 PMCID: PMC5697084 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blunt trauma is the most frequent mechanism of injury in multiple trauma, commonly resulting from road traffic collisions or falls. Two of the most frequent injuries in patients with multiple trauma are chest trauma and extremity fracture. Several trauma mouse models combine chest trauma and head injury, but no trauma mouse model to date includes the combination of long bone fractures and chest trauma. Outcome is essentially determined by the combination of these injuries. In this study, we attempted to establish a reproducible novel multiple trauma model in mice that combines blunt trauma, major injuries and simple practicability. Methods Ninety-six male C57BL/6 N mice (n = 8/group) were subjected to trauma for isolated femur fracture and a combination of femur fracture and chest injury. Serum samples of mice were obtained by heart puncture at defined time points of 0 h (hour), 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d (days), and 7 d. Results A tendency toward reduced weight and temperature was observed at 24 h after chest trauma and femur fracture. Blood analyses revealed a decrease in hemoglobin during the first 24 h after trauma. Some animals were killed by heart puncture immediately after chest contusion; these animals showed the most severe lung contusion and hemorrhage. The extent of structural lung injury varied in different mice but was evident in all animals. Representative H&E-stained (Haematoxylin and Eosin-stained) paraffin lung sections of mice with multiple trauma revealed hemorrhage and an inflammatory immune response. Plasma samples of mice with chest trauma and femur fracture showed an up-regulation of IL-1β (Interleukin-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor- α) compared with the control group. Mice with femur fracture and chest trauma showed a significant up-regulation of IL-6 compared to group with isolated femur fracture. Conclusions The multiple trauma mouse model comprising chest trauma and femur fracture enables many analogies to clinical cases of multiple trauma in humans and demonstrates associated characteristic clinical and pathophysiological changes. This model is easy to perform, is economical and can be used for further research examining specific immunological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fitschen-Oestern
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klueter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Weuster
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Deike Varoga
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hagen Andruszkow
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Steubesand
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller Straße 7, 24105, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Department of Trauma Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Sönmez TT, Bayer A, Cremer T, Hock JVP, Lethaus B, Kweider N, Wruck CJ, Drescher W, Jahr H, Lippross S, Pufe T, Tohidnezhad M. The protective effect of platelet released growth factors and bone augmentation (Bio-Oss ® ) on ethanol impaired osteoblasts. Ann Anat 2017; 214:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kweider N, Pecks U, Derichs A, Altunay B, Hock J, Pufe T, Wruck C, Rath W. OP 24 Nrf2 deficiency induces placental TNF- α expression and influences the fetal growth in mice. Pregnancy Hypertens 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bayer A, Lammel J, Lippross S, Klüter T, Behrendt P, Tohidnezhad M, Pufe T, Cremer J, Jahr H, Rademacher F, Gläser R, Harder J. Platelet-released growth factors induce psoriasin in keratinocytes: Implications for the cutaneous barrier. Ann Anat 2017; 213:25-32. [PMID: 28552640 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Millions of patients around the world suffer minor or major extremity amputation due to progressive wound healing complications of chronic or infected wounds, the therapy of which remains a challenge. One emerging therapeutic option for the treatment of these complicated wounds is the local application of an autologous thrombocytes concentrate lysate (e.g. platelet-released growth factors ((PRGF)) or Vivostat PRF®) that contains a multitude of chemokines, cytokines and growth factors and is therefore supposed to stimulate the complex wound healing process. Although PRGF and Vivostat PRF® are already used successfully to support healing of chronic, hard-to-heal and infected wounds the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Psoriasin, also termed S100A7, is a multifunctional antimicrobial protein expressed in keratinocytes and is involved in various processes such as wound-healing, angiogenesis, innate immunity and immune-modulation. In this study, we investigated the influence of PRGF on psoriasin expression in human primary keratinocytes in vitro and the influence of Vivostat PRF® on psoriasin expression in experimentally generated skin wounds in vivo. PRGF treatment of primary keratinocytes caused a significant concentration- and time-dependent increase of psoriasin gene and protein expression in vitro that were partially mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). In accordance with these cell culture data, Vivostat PRF® induced a significant psoriasin gene and protein expression when applied to artificially generated skin wounds in vivo. The observed psoriasin induction in keratinocytes may contribute to the wound healing-promoting effects of therapeutically used thrombocyte concentrate lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bayer
- Department of Heart- and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Straße 3, Haus 26, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Justus Lammel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Straße 3, Haus 18, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klüter
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Straße 3, Haus 18, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Behrendt
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Straße 3, Haus 18, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH University of Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH University of Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- Department of Heart- and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Straße 3, Haus 26, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Orthopedics, Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Rademacher
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Harder
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Bihler K, Kress E, Esser S, Nyamoya S, Tauber SC, Clarner T, Stope MB, Pufe T, Brandenburg LO. Formyl Peptide Receptor 1-Mediated Glial Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:232-243. [PMID: 28466255 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by myelin abnormalities, oligodendrocyte pathology, and concomitant glia activation. Unclear are the factors triggering gliosis and demyelination. New findings suggest an important role of the innate immune response in the initiation and progression of active demyelinating lesions. The innate immune response is induced by pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns, which are identified by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the G-protein coupled with formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). Glial cells, the immune cells of the central nervous system, also express the PRRs. In this study, we used the cuprizone mice model to investigate the expression of the FPR1 in the course of cuprizone-induced demyelination In addition, we used FPR1-deficient mice to analyze glial cell activation through immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR in cuprizone model. Our results revealed a significantly increased expression of FPR1 in the cortex of cuprizone-treated mice. FPR1-deficient mice showed a slight but significant decrease of demyelination in the corpus callosum compared to the wild-type mice. Furthermore, FPR1 deficiency resulted in reduced glial cell activation and mRNA expression of microglia/macrophages markers, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the cortex, compared to wild-type mice after cuprizone-induced demyelination. Combined together, these results suggest that the FPR1 is an important part of the innate immune response in the course of cuprizone-induced demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bihler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Esser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stella Nyamoya
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Fragoulis A, Siegl S, Fendt M, Jansen S, Soppa U, Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Weis J, Wruck CJ. Oral administration of methysticin improves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2017; 12:843-853. [PMID: 28448946 PMCID: PMC5406548 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is increasing evidence for the involvement of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an anti-inflammatory transcription factor that regulates the oxidative stress defense. Our previous experiments demonstrated that kavalactones protect neuronal cells against Amyloid β (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress in vitro by Nrf2 pathway activation. Here, we tested an in vivo kavalactone treatment in a mouse model of AD. Methods The kavalactone methysticin was administered once a week for a period of 6 months to 6 month old transgenic APP/Psen1 mice by oral gavage. Nrf2 pathway activation was measured by methysticin treatment of ARE-luciferase mice, by qPCR of Nrf2-target genes and immunohistochemical detection of Nrf2. Aβ burden was analyzed by CongoRed staining, immunofluorescent detection and ELISA. Neuroinflammation was assessed by immunohistochemical stainings for microglia and astrocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus was determined by Luminex multi-plex assays. The hippocampal oxidative damage was detected by oxyblot technique and immunohistochemical staining against DT3 and 4-HNE. The cognitive ability of mice was evaluated using Morris water maze. Results Methysticin treatment activated the Nrf2 pathway in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. The Aβ deposition in brains of methysticin-treated APP/Psen1 mice was not altered compared to untreated mice. However, methysticin treatment significantly reduced microgliosis, astrogliosis and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-17A. In addition, the oxidative damage of hippocampi from APP/Psen1 mice was reduced by methysticin treatment. Most importantly, methysticin treatment significantly attenuated the long-term memory decline of APP/Psen1 mice. Conclusion In summary, these findings show that methysticin administration activates the Nrf2 pathway and reduces neuroinflammation, hippocampal oxidative damage and memory loss in a mouse model of AD. Therefore, kavalactones might be suitable candidates to serve as lead compounds for the development of a new class of neuroprotective drugs. Methysticin activates the Nrf2/ARE system in the hippocampus of mice. Methysticin protects AD mice against oxidative stress and associated neuroinflammation due to Nrf2 activation. Methysticin improves long-term memory impairment in this mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Siegl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sandra Jansen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ulf Soppa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Kweider N, Derichs A, Altunay B, Hock J, Pufe T, Wruck C, Rath W. The proinflammatory potential of Nrf2-deficiency and its influence on fetal growth. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Kweider
- Uniklinikum Aachen, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - A Derichs
- Uniklinikum Aachen, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - B Altunay
- Uniklinikum Aachen, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - J Hock
- Uniklinikum Aachen, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - T Pufe
- Uniklinikum Aachen, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - C Wruck
- Uniklinikum Aachen, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - W Rath
- Uniklinikum Aachen, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Aachen, Deutschland
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Fitschen-Oestern S, Weuster M, Lippross S, Behrendt P, Fuchs S, Pufe T, Tohidnezhad M, Bayer A, Seekamp A, Varoga D, Klüter T. Hepatocytes express the antimicrobial peptide HBD-2 after multiple trauma: an experimental study in human and mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:100. [PMID: 28270138 PMCID: PMC5341361 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human-beta defensins (HBD) belong to the family of acute phase peptides and hold a broad antimicrobial spectrum that includes gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. HBD are up-regulated after severe injuries but the source of posttraumatic HBD expression has not been focused on before. In the current study we analysed the role of liver tissue in expression of HBD after multiple trauma in human and mice. Methods HBD-2 expression has been detected in plasma samples of 32 multiple trauma patients (ISS > 16) over 14 days after trauma by ELISA. To investigate major sources of HBD-2, its expression and regulation in plasma samples, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and human tissue samples of liver and skin were analysed by ELISA. As liver samples of trauma patients are hard to obtain we tried to review findings in an established trauma model. Plasma samples and liver samples of 56 male C57BL/6 N-mice with a thorax trauma and a femur fracture were analysed by ELISA, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for murine beta defensin 4 (MBD-4) and compared with the expression of control group without trauma. The induction of HBD-2 expression in cultured hepatocytes (Hep G2) was analysed after incubation with IL-6, supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). One possible signalling pathway was tested by blocking toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in hepatocytes. Results Compared to healthy control group, plasma of multiple traumatized patients and mice showed significantly higher defensin levels after trauma. Compared to skin cells, which are known for high beta defensin expression, liver tissue showed less HBD-2 expression, but higher HBD-2 expression compared to PMN. Immunhistochemical staining demonstrated upregulated MBD-4 in hepatocytes of traumatised mice. In HepG2 cells HBD-2 expression could be increased by stimulation with IL-6 and SA. Neutralization of HepG2 cells with αTLR2 showed reduced HBD-2 expression after stimulation with SA. Conclusion Plasma samples of multiple traumatized patients showed high expression of HBD-2, which may protect the severely injured patient from overwhelming bacterial infection. Our data support the hypothesis that liver is one possible source for HBD-2 in plasma while posttraumatic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fitschen-Oestern
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Weuster
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Behrendt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Deike Varoga
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klüter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Jansen S, Kress E, Fragoulis A, Wruck CJ, Wolf R, Grötzinger J, Michalek M, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. Psoriasin has divergent effects on the innate immune responses of murine glial cells. J Neurochem 2017; 141:86-99. [PMID: 28112393 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an important part of the innate immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS). The expression of the antimicrobial peptides psoriasin (S100A7) is up-regulated during bacterial meningitis. However, the exact mechanisms induced by psoriasin to modulate glial cell activity are not yet fully understood. Our hypothesis is that psoriasin induced pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways as well as regenerative factors to contribute in total to a balanced immune response. Therefore, we used psoriasin-stimulated glial cells and analyzed the translocation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NFκB) in murine glial cells and the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators by real time RT-PCR, ELISA technique, and western blotting. Furthermore, the relationship between psoriasin and the antioxidative stress transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was investigated. Stimulation with psoriasin not only enhanced NFκB translocation and increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) but also neurotrophin expression. Evidence for functional interactions between psoriasin and Nrf2 were detected in the form of increased antioxidant response element (ARE) activity and induction of Nrf2/ARE-dependent heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in psoriasin-treated microglia and astrocytes. The results illustrate the ability of psoriasin to induce immunological functions in glia cells where psoriasin exerts divergent effects on the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jansen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph J Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronald Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Michalek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Nebelung S, Sondern B, Oehrl S, Tingart M, Rath B, Pufe T, Raith S, Fischer H, Kuhl C, Jahr H, Truhn D. Functional MR Imaging Mapping of Human Articular Cartilage Response to Loading. Radiology 2017; 282:464-474. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016160053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kweider N, Derichs A, Pufe T, Wruck CJ, Rath W. Ein Knockout Mausmodell für Intrauterine Wachstumsrestriktion (IUGR), Hinweise auf die Rolle des Transkriptionsfaktors Nrf2 bei der Plazentaentwicklung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kweider N, Pecks U, Pufe T, Wruck CJ, Rath W. Down-Regulation von dem Nrf2-abhängiger Hämoxigenase-1 (HO-1) in der Plazenta von Patientinnen mit early-onset Präeklmapsie. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Kweider N, Huppertz B, Rath W, Lambertz J, Caspers R, ElMoursi M, Pecks U, Kadyrov M, Fragoulis A, Pufe T, Wruck CJ. The effects of Nrf2 deletion on placental morphology and exchange capacity in the mouse. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:2068-2073. [PMID: 27633272 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1236251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as a pathological decreased fetal growth. Oxidative stress has been connected to the restriction in the fetal growth. The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a potent activator of the cellular antioxidant response. The effect Nrf2 on fetal-placental development has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Here, we evaluated the placental and fetal growth in Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-KO) and Nrf2-wild type mice (Nrf2-WT) throughout pregnancy. METHODS Heterozygote Nrf2 (Nrf2+/-) mice were paired to get Nrf2-KO and Nrf2-WT in the litters. Placentae and embryos from both genotypes were collected and weighed on days 13.5, 15.5 and 18.5 post coitum. The absolute volumes of the labyrinth zone and the total volume of the placenta were determined using the Cavalieri principle. RESULTS On E 18.5 the fetal weight in Nrf2-KO was significantly reduced versus Nrf2-WT indicating a decrease in placental efficiency. A significant reduction in both total and labyrinth-volume in the placenta of Nrf2-KO mice was observed. CONCLUSION This data points out the necessity of functional Nrf2 for fetal and placental growth. A deficiency in Nrf2 signaling may negatively affect nutrient transfer capacity which is then no longer able to meet fetal growth demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Kweider
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- b Institute of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Werner Rath
- c Faculty of Medicine , Gynecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - Jessica Lambertz
- d Institut of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - Rebecca Caspers
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - Mohamed ElMoursi
- f Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK.,g Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ulrich Pecks
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany.,h Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany , and
| | - Mamed Kadyrov
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany.,i Department of Neurology Mittelbaden Klinikum Baden-Baden , Baden-Baden , Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
| | - Christoph Jan Wruck
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany
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Böhland M, Kress E, Stope MB, Pufe T, Tauber SC, Brandenburg LO. Lack of Toll-like receptor 2 results in higher mortality of bacterial meningitis by impaired host resistance. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:90-97. [PMID: 27725130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is - despite therapeutical progress during the last decades - still characterized by high mortality and severe permanent neurogical sequelae. The brain is protected from penetrating pathogens by both the blood-brain barrier and the innate immune system. Invading pathogens are recognized by so-called pattern recognition receptors including the Toll-like receptors (TLR) which are expressed by glial immune cells in the central nervous system. Among these, TLR2 is responsible for the detection of Gram-positive bacteria such as the meningitis-causing pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here, we used TLR2-deficient mice to investigate the effects on mortality, bacterial growth and inflammation in a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis. Our results revealed a significantly increased mortality rate and higher bacterial burden in TLR2-deficient mice with pneumococcal meningitis. Furthermore, infected TLR2-deficient mice suffered from a significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or CCL3 chemokine expression and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In contrast, glial cell activation assessed by glial cell marker expression was comparable to wildtype mice. Taken together, the results suggest that TLR2 is essential for an efficient immune response against Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis since lack of the receptor led to a worse outcome by higher mortality due to increased bacterial burden, weakened innate immune response and reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Böhland
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
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Menzdorf L, Weuster M, Klüter T, Brüggemann S, Behrendt P, Fitchen-Oestern S, Varoga D, Seekamp A, Purcz N, Glueer CC, Pufe T, Lippross S. Local pamidronate influences fracture healing in a rodent femur fracture model: an experimental study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:255. [PMID: 27283180 PMCID: PMC4899908 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bisphosphonates are a main component in the therapy of osteoporosis and other bone resorptive diseases. Previous studies have shown a positive effect of systemically applied bisphosphonates on fracture healing. Nevertheless high doses are related to side effects like osteonecrosis of the jaw, nephrotoxis and gastrointestinal symptoms. In this study we investigated the effect of locally applied pamidronate on fracture healing. Methods In a rodent model a simple femur fracture was set in female Wistar rats. We performed intramedullary fixation of the fracture and placed a collagen matrix around the fracture area. One group was treated with pamidronate, the other group with placebo via the matrix. To investigate the volume and quality of the callus we used micro-CT (μCT) and histology after 14 and 28 days. Results Our results show a positive influence of local applied pamidronate on callus volume. After 14 days an insignificant increase of callus volume in the treated animals was seen. 28 days after trauma the increase of callus volume in the treatment group was significantly higher in comparison to the control group. Osteonecrosis was not seen. Conclusions Locally applied bisphosphonates increase the callus volume in fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Menzdorf
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Matthias Weuster
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klüter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Brüggemann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Behrendt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fitchen-Oestern
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Deike Varoga
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Purcz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus C Glueer
- Section of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Bayer A, Lammel J, Rademacher F, Groß J, Siggelkow M, Lippross S, Klüter T, Varoga D, Tohidnezhad M, Pufe T, Cremer J, Gläser R, Harder J. Platelet-released growth factors induce the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin-2 in primary keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:460-5. [PMID: 26843467 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-released growth factors (PRGF) and its related clinically used formulations [e.g. Vivostat platelet-rich fibrin (PRF(®) )] are thrombocyte concentrate lysates that support healing of chronic, hard-to-heal and infected wounds. Human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is an antimicrobial peptide expressed in human keratinocytes exhibiting potent antimicrobial activity against wound-related bacteria. In this study, we analysed the influence of PRGF on hBD-2 expression in human primary keratinocytes and the influence of Vivostat PRF(®) on hBD-2 expression in experimentally generated skin wounds in vivo. Treatment of primary keratinocytes with PRGF caused a significant increase in hBD-2 gene and protein expressions in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The use of blocking antibodies revealed that the PRGF-mediated hBD-2 induction was partially mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). Luciferase gene reporter assays indicated that the hBD-2 induction through PRGF required activation of the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1), but not of NF-kappaB. In concordance with these cell culture data, Vivostat PRF(®) induced hBD-2 expression when applied to experimentally generated skin wounds. Together, our results indicate that the induction of hBD-2 by thrombocyte concentrate lysates can contribute to the observed beneficial effects in the treatment of chronic and infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bayer
- Department of Heart- and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Lammel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska Rademacher
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Groß
- Department of Heart- and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Siggelkow
- Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Imland Clinic Rendsburg, Rendsburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lippross
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Klüter
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Deike Varoga
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mersedeh Tohidnezhad
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- Department of Heart- and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Harder
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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Brill N, Riedel J, Schmitt R, Tingart M, Truhn D, Pufe T, Jahr H, Nebelung S. 3D Human cartilage surface characterization by optical coherence tomography. Phys Med Biol 2016; 60:7747-62. [PMID: 26394374 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/19/7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of cartilage degeneration is of high clinical interest. Loss of surface integrity is considered one of the earliest and most reliable signs of degeneration, but cannot currently be evaluated objectively. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an arthroscopically available light-based non-destructive real-time imaging technology that allows imaging at micrometre resolutions to millimetre depths. As OCT-based surface evaluation standards remain to be defined, the present study investigated the diagnostic potential of 3D surface profile parameters in the comprehensive evaluation of cartilage degeneration. To this end, 45 cartilage samples of different degenerative grades were obtained from total knee replacements (2 males, 10 females; mean age 63.8 years), cut to standard size and imaged using a spectral-domain OCT device (Thorlabs, Germany). 3D OCT datasets of 8 × 8, 4 × 4 and 1 × 1 mm (width × length) were obtained and pre-processed (image adjustments, morphological filtering). Subsequent automated surface identification algorithms were used to obtain the 3D primary profiles, which were then filtered and processed using established algorithms employing ISO standards. The 3D surface profile thus obtained was used to calculate a set of 21 3D surface profile parameters, i.e. height (e.g. Sa), functional (e.g. Sk), hybrid (e.g. Sdq) and segmentation-related parameters (e.g. Spd). Samples underwent reference histological assessment according to the Degenerative Joint Disease classification. Statistical analyses included calculation of Spearman's rho and assessment of inter-group differences using the Kruskal Wallis test. Overall, the majority of 3D surface profile parameters revealed significant degeneration-dependent differences and correlations with the exception of severe end-stage degeneration and were of distinct diagnostic value in the assessment of surface integrity. None of the 3D surface profile parameters investigated were capable of reliably differentiating healthy from early-degenerative cartilage, while scan area sizes considerably affected parameter values. In conclusion, cartilage surface integrity may be adequately assessed by 3D surface profile parameters, which should be used in combination for the comprehensive and thorough evaluation and overall improved diagnostic performance. OCT- and image-based surface assessment could become a valuable adjunct tool to standard arthroscopy.
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Nebelung S, Brill N, Tingart M, Pufe T, Kuhl C, Jahr H, Truhn D. Quantitative OCT and MRI biomarkers for the differentiation of cartilage degeneration. Skeletal Radiol 2016; 45:505-16. [PMID: 26783011 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-016-2334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of quantitative parameters obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the comprehensive assessment of human articular cartilage degeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human osteochondral samples of variable degeneration (n = 45) were obtained from total knee replacements and assessed by MRI sequences measuring T1, T1ρ, T2 and T2* relaxivity and by OCT-based quantification of irregularity (OII, optical irregularity index), homogeneity (OHI, optical homogeneity index]) and attenuation (OAI, optical attenuation index]). Samples were also assessed macroscopically (Outerbridge classification) and histologically (Mankin classification) as grade-0 (Mankin scores 0-4)/grade-I (scores 5-8)/grade-II (scores 9-10)/grade-III (score 11-14). After data normalisation, differences between Mankin grades and correlations between imaging parameters were assessed using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test and Spearman's correlation coefficients, respectively. Sensitivities and specificities in the detection of Mankin grade-0 were calculated. RESULTS Significant degeneration-related increases were found for T2 and OII and decreases for OAI, while T1, T1ρ, T2* or OHI did not reveal significant changes in relation to degeneration. A number of significant correlations between imaging parameters and histological (sub)scores were found, in particular for T2 and OII. Sensitivities and specificities in the detection of Mankin grade-0 were highest for OHI/T1 and OII/T1ρ, respectively. CONCLUSION Quantitative OCT and MRI techniques seem to complement each other in the comprehensive assessment of cartilage degeneration. Sufficiently large structural and compositional changes in the extracellular matrix may thus be parameterized and quantified, while the detection of early degeneration remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Nebelung
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nicolai Brill
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Kuhl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Truhn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Nebelung S, Brill N, Müller F, Tingart M, Pufe T, Merhof D, Schmitt R, Jahr H, Truhn D. Towards Optical Coherence Tomography-based elastographic evaluation of human cartilage. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 56:106-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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