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Kuderna AK, Reichel A, Tillmanns J, Class M, Scherer M, Stamminger T. Discovery of a Novel Antiviral Effect of the Restriction Factor SPOC1 against Human Cytomegalovirus. Viruses 2024; 16:363. [PMID: 38543731 PMCID: PMC10976249 DOI: 10.3390/v16030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-remodeler SPOC1 (PHF13) is a transcriptional co-regulator and has been identified as a restriction factor against various viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). For HCMV, SPOC1 was shown to block the onset of immediate-early (IE) gene expression under low multiplicities of infection (MOI). Here, we demonstrate that SPOC1-mediated restriction of IE expression is neutralized by increasing viral titers. Interestingly, our study reveals that SPOC1 exerts an additional antiviral function beyond the IE phase of HCMV replication. Expression of SPOC1 under conditions of high MOI resulted in severely impaired viral DNA replication and viral particle release, which may be attributed to inefficient viral transcription. With the use of click chemistry, the localization of viral DNA was investigated at late time points after infection. Intriguingly, we detected a co-localization of SPOC1, RNA polymerase II S5P and polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) components in close proximity to viral DNA in areas that are hypothesized to harbor viral transcription sites. We further identified the N-terminal domain of SPOC1 to be responsible for interaction with EZH2, a subunit of the PRC2 complex. With this study, we report a novel and potent antiviral function of SPOC1 against HCMV that is efficient even with unrestricted IE gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Kuderna
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Reichel
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Julia Tillmanns
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Maja Class
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.K.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.K.K.); (M.S.)
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Heusel AT, Rapp S, Stamminger T, Scherer M. IE1 of Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits Necroptotic Cell Death via Direct and Indirect Modulation of the Necrosome Complex. Viruses 2024; 16:290. [PMID: 38400065 PMCID: PMC10893529 DOI: 10.3390/v16020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed necrosis is an integral part of intrinsic immunity, serving to combat invading pathogens and restricting viral dissemination. The orchestration of necroptosis relies on a precise interplay within the necrosome complex, which consists of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been found to counteract the execution of necroptosis during infection. In this study, we identify the immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein as a key antagonist of necroptosis during HCMV infection. Infection data obtained in a necroptosis-sensitive cell culture system revealed a robust regulation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the necrosome complex as well as the importance of IE1 expression for an effective counteraction of necroptosis. Interaction analyses unveiled an association of IE1 and RIPK3, which occurs in an RHIM-domain independent manner. We propose that this interaction manipulates the PTMs of RIPK3 by promoting its ubiquitination. Furthermore, IE1 was found to exert an indirect activity by modulating the levels of MLKL via antagonizing its interferon-mediated upregulation. Overall, we claim that IE1 performs a broad modulation of innate immune signaling to impede the execution of necroptotic cell death, thereby generating a favorable environment for efficient viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.T.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.T.H.); (S.R.)
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Wiesenfarth M, Stamminger T, Zizer E, Tumani H, Ludolph AC. Neurological manifestation of HEV infection: still a rare disease entity? J Neurol 2024; 271:386-394. [PMID: 37737892 PMCID: PMC10769984 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the most common form of viral hepatitis and is reported to cause neurological manifestation in up to 30% of diagnosed infections. We evaluated the medical reports of all patients (n = 29,994) who were discharged from the Department of Neurology of Ulm University between 01.01.2015 and 30.09.2022 to detect neurological manifestations of HEV. In addition, we retrospectively analyzed the serum samples of n = 99 patients representing different neurological diseases possibly related to HEV for anti-HEV-IgM and anti-HEV-IgG. At the time of discharge from hospital, the etiology of neurological symptoms in these patients was unclear. Overall, five cases of extrahepatic neurological manifestation of HEV (defined as anti-HEV-IgM and HEV-IgG positive) could be detected. An increase of both, anti-IgM- and anti-IgG-serum levels was significantly more common in neuralgic amyotrophy/plexus neuritis/radiculitis than in AIDP/CIDP (P = 0.01), meningitis/encephalitis (P = 0.02), idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis (P = 0.02) and tension headache (P = 0.02). In 15% (n = 15 out of 99) of retrospectively analyzed serum samples, conspicuous positive anti-HEV-IgG levels were detected. This finding was most common in AIDP/CIDP. In conclusion, results of this study indicate neurological manifestation of HEV to be a rare but still underestimated course of disease, occurring at any age and gender. Therefore, testing for HEV should be considered in patients with neurological symptoms of unknown origin, especially in those with neuralgic amyotrophy/plexus neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eugen Zizer
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Ebong U, Büttner SM, Schmidt SA, Flack F, Korf P, Peters L, Grüner B, Stenger S, Stamminger T, Kestler H, Beer M, Kloth C. Quantitative Evaluation of COVID-19 Pneumonia CT Using AI Analysis-Feasibility and Differentiation from Other Common Pneumonia Forms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2129. [PMID: 37371024 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To implement the technical feasibility of an AI-based software prototype optimized for the detection of COVID-19 pneumonia in CT datasets of the lung and the differentiation between other etiologies of pneumonia. METHODS: This single-center retrospective case-control-study consecutively yielded 144 patients (58 female, mean age 57.72 ± 18.25 y) with CT datasets of the lung. Subgroups including confirmed bacterial (n = 24, 16.6%), viral (n = 52, 36.1%), or fungal (n = 25, 16.6%) pneumonia and (n = 43, 30.7%) patients without detected pneumonia (comparison group) were evaluated using the AI-based Pneumonia Analysis prototype. Scoring (extent, etiology) was compared to reader assessment. RESULTS: The software achieved an optimal sensitivity of 80.8% with a specificity of 50% for the detection of COVID-19; however, the human radiologist achieved optimal sensitivity of 80.8% and a specificity of 97.2%. The mean postprocessing time was 7.61 ± 4.22 min. The use of a contrast agent did not influence the results of the software (p = 0.81). The mean evaluated COVID-19 probability is 0.80 ± 0.36 significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in patients with fungal pneumonia (p < 0.05) and bacterial pneumonia (p < 0.001). The mean percentage of opacity (PO) and percentage of high opacity (PHO ≥ -200 HU) were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in healthy patients. However, the total mean HU in COVID-19 patients was -679.57 ± 112.72, which is significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The detection and quantification of pneumonia beyond the primarily trained COVID-19 datasets is possible and shows comparable results for COVID-19 pneumonia to an experienced reader. The advantages are the fast, automated segmentation and quantification of the pneumonia foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Ebong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Martina Büttner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan A Schmidt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Franziska Flack
- Scientific Collaborations Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Korf
- Scientific Collaborations Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lynn Peters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical Centre of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical Centre of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans Kestler
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinrad Beer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher Kloth
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Schütz M, Müller R, Socher E, Wangen C, Full F, Wyler E, Wong D, Scherer M, Stamminger T, Chou S, Rawlinson WD, Hamilton ST, Sticht H, Marschall M. Highly Conserved Interaction Profiles between Clinically Relevant Mutants of the Cytomegalovirus CDK-like Kinase pUL97 and Human Cyclins: Functional Significance of Cyclin H. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911814. [PMID: 36233116 PMCID: PMC9569496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex host interaction network of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) involves the regulatory protein kinase pUL97, which represents a viral cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) ortholog. pUL97 interacts with the three human cyclin types T1, H, and B1, whereby the binding region of cyclin T1 and the pUL97 oligomerization region were both assigned to amino acids 231-280. We further addressed the question of whether HCMVs harboring mutations in ORF-UL97, i.e., short deletions or resistance-conferring point mutations, are affected in the interaction with human cyclins and viral replication. To this end, clinically relevant UL97 drug-resistance-conferring mutants were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing and used for genetic marker transfer experiments. The recombinant HCMVs indicated conservation of pUL97–cyclin interaction, since all viral UL97 point mutants continued to interact with the analyzed cyclin types and exerted wild-type-like replication fitness. In comparison, recombinant HCMVs UL97 Δ231-280 and also the smaller deletion Δ236-275, but not Δ241-270, lost interaction with cyclins T1 and H, showed impaired replication efficiency, and also exhibited reduced kinase activity. Moreover, a cellular knock-out of cyclins B1 or T1 did not alter HCMV replication phenotypes or pUL97 kinase activity, possibly indicating alternative, compensatory pUL97–cyclin interactions. In contrast, however, cyclin H knock-out, similar to virus deletion mutants in the pUL97–cyclin H binding region, exhibited strong defective phenotypes of HCMV replication, as supported by reduced pUL97 kinase activity in a cyclin H-dependent coexpression setting. Thus, cyclin H proved to be a very relevant determinant of pUL97 kinase activity and viral replication efficiency. As a conclusion, the results provide evidence for the functional importance of pUL97–cyclin interaction. High selective pressure on the formation of pUL97–cyclin complexes was identified by the use of clinically relevant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.M.); Tel.: +49-9131-8526089 (M.M.)
| | - Regina Müller
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Full
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Wong
- Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sunwen Chou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William D. Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2031, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia
| | - Stuart T. Hamilton
- Serology and Virology Division, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2031, Australia
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.M.); Tel.: +49-9131-8526089 (M.M.)
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Haddad A, Janda A, Renk H, Stich M, Frieh P, Kaier K, Lohrmann F, Nieters A, Willems A, Huzly D, Dulovic A, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Jacobsen EM, Fabricius D, Zernickel M, Stamminger T, Bode SFN, Himpel T, Remppis J, Engel C, Peter A, Ganzenmueller T, Hoffmann GF, Haase B, Kräusslich HG, Müller B, Franz AR, Debatin KM, Tönshoff B, Henneke P, Elling R. Long COVID symptoms in exposed and infected children, adolescents and their parents one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective observational cohort study. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104245. [PMID: 36155957 PMCID: PMC9495281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long COVID in children and adolescents remains poorly understood due to a lack of well-controlled studies with long-term follow-up. In particular, the impact of the family context on persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. We examined long COVID symptoms in a cohort of infected children, adolescents, and adults and their exposed but non-infected household members approximately 1 year after infection and investigated clustering of persistent symptoms within households. Methods 1267 members of 341 households (404 children aged <14 years, 140 adolescents aged 14-18 years and 723 adults) were categorized as having had either a SARS-CoV-2 infection or household exposure to SARS-CoV-2 without infection, based on three serological assays and history of laboratory-confirmed infection. Participants completed questionnaires assessing the presence of long COVID symptoms 11-12 months after infection in the household using online questionnaires. Findings The prevalence of moderate or severe persistent symptoms was statistically significantly higher in infected than in exposed women (36.4% [95% CI: 30.7–42.4%] vs 14.2% [95% CI: 8.7–21.5%]), infected men (22.9% [95% CI: 17.9–28.5%] vs 10.3% [95% CI: 5.8–16.9%]) and infected adolescent girls (32.1% 95% CI: 17.2–50.5%] vs 8.9% [95%CI: 3.1–19.8%]). However, moderate or severe persistent symptoms were not statistically more common in infected adolescent boys aged 14–18 (9.7% [95% CI: 2.8–23.6%] or in infected children <14 years (girls: 4.3% [95% CI: 1.2–11.0%]; boys: 3.7% [95% CI: 1.1–9.6%]) than in their exposed counterparts (adolescent boys: 0.0% [95% CI: 0.0–6.7%]; girls < 14 years: 2.3% [95% CI: 0·7–6·1%]; boys < 14 years: 0.0% [95% CI: 0.0–2.0%]). The number of persistent symptoms reported by individuals was associated with the number of persistent symptoms reported by their household members (IRR=1·11, p=·005, 95% CI [1.03–1.20]). Interpretation In this controlled, multi-centre study, infected men, women and adolescent girls were at increased risk of negative outcomes 11-12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Amongst non-infected adults, prevalence of negative outcomes was also high. Prolonged symptoms tended to cluster within families, suggesting family-level interventions for long COVID could prove useful. Funding Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Haddad
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aleš Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Frieh
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florens Lohrmann
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; IMM-PACT Clinician Scientist Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Willems
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian F N Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Theda Himpel
- University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Engel
- Centre for Paediatric Clinical Studies, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Haase
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel R Franz
- University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Centre for Paediatric Clinical Studies, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Schwender A, Janda A, Stamminger T, Groß HJ, Fabricius D, Bode S. Ungewöhnliche RSV Saison während der SARS-CoV-2
Pandemie. Klinische Pädiatrie 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1754482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Schwender
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder und
Jugendmedizin, Um, Germany
| | - A Janda
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder und
Jugendmedizin, Um, Germany
| | - T Stamminger
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Institut für Virologie, Ulm,
Germany
| | - HJ Groß
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Zentrale Einrichtung Klinische
Chemie, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Fabricius
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder und
Jugendmedizin, Um, Germany
| | - S Bode
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder und
Jugendmedizin, Um, Germany
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8
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Stilp AC, Scherer M, König P, Fürstberger A, Kestler HA, Stamminger T. The chromatin remodeling protein ATRX positively regulates IRF3-dependent type I interferon production and interferon-induced gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010748. [PMID: 35939517 PMCID: PMC9387936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling protein alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) is a component of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) and thereby mediates intrinsic immunity against several viruses including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). As a consequence, viruses have evolved different mechanisms to antagonize ATRX, such as displacement from PML-NBs or degradation. Here, we show that depletion of ATRX results in an overall impaired antiviral state by decreasing transcription and subsequent secretion of type I IFNs, which is followed by reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). ATRX interacts with the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and associates with the IFN-β promoter to facilitate transcription. Furthermore, whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that ATRX is required for efficient IFN-induced expression of a distinct set of ISGs. Mechanistically, we found that ATRX positively modulates chromatin accessibility specifically upon IFN signaling, thereby affecting promoter regions with recognition motifs for AP-1 family transcription factors. In summary, our study uncovers a novel co-activating function of the chromatin remodeling factor ATRX in innate immunity that regulates chromatin accessibility and subsequent transcription of interferons and ISGs. Consequently, ATRX antagonization by viral proteins and ATRX mutations in tumors represent important strategies to broadly compromise both intrinsic and innate immune responses. ATRX is a member of a family of chromatin remodeling proteins required for deposition of the histone variant H3.3 at specific genomic regions. This is important to maintain silencing at these sites. Furthermore, ATRX represents a component of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) which are considered as enigmatic nuclear protein accumulations exhibiting a tight link to cell-intrinsic restriction of viral infections. Previous studies demonstrated that many viruses target ATRX by either displacement or degradation. So far, it is believed that this serves to alleviate ATRX-instituted silencing of viral gene expression. Our results reveal a novel and unexpectedly broad function of ATRX as a co-activator of the innate immune response. We show that ATRX is required for both DNA and RNA sensing pathways to activate interferon (IFN) gene expression as well as for upregulation of a distinct set of interferon-stimulated genes. Assessment of chromatin accessibility detected that IFN acts as a switch to regulate the function of ATRX in heterochromatin remodeling. ATRX positively modulates chromatin accessibility specifically upon IFN signaling, thereby affecting promoter regions with recognition motifs for AP-1 family transcription factors. Loss of ATRX due to viral infection or due to tumor mutations may thus broadly compromise cellular innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick König
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Fürstberger
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ebong U, Büttner M, Kloth C, Grüner B, Stamminger T, Stenger S, Rauch F, Panknin C, Beer M. Quantitative Erfassung und Differenzierung unterschiedlicher Pneumonien inklusive COVID-19 mittels eines KI-basierten Prototypen – Genauigkeit, Schweregradeinschätzung und Korrelation zur Klinik. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Ebong
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für diagnostische und interventio, Ulm
| | - M Büttner
- Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm
| | - C Kloth
- Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm
| | - B Grüner
- Klinische Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm
| | - T Stamminger
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm
| | - S Stenger
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm
| | - F Rauch
- Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen
| | | | - M Beer
- Klinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm
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10
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Rothemund F, Scherer M, Schilling EM, Schweininger J, Muller YA, Stamminger T. Cross-Species Analysis of Innate Immune Antagonism by Cytomegalovirus IE1 Protein. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081626. [PMID: 35893691 PMCID: PMC9331606 DOI: 10.3390/v14081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early 1 (IE1) protein has evolved as a multifunctional antagonist of intrinsic and innate immune mechanisms. In addition, this protein serves as a transactivator and potential genome maintenance protein. Recently, the crystal structures of the human and rat CMV IE1 (hIE1, rIE1) core domain were solved. Despite low sequence identity, the respective structures display a highly similar, all alpha-helical fold with distinct variations. To elucidate which activities of IE1 are either species-specific or conserved, this study aimed at a comparative analysis of hIE1 and rIE1 functions. To facilitate the quantitative evaluation of interactions between IE1 and cellular proteins, a sensitive NanoBRET assay was established. This confirmed the species-specific interaction of IE1 with the cellular restriction factor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and with the DNA replication factor flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1). To characterize the respective binding surfaces, helix exchange mutants were generated by swapping hIE1 helices with the corresponding rIE1 helices. Interestingly, while all mutants were defective for PML binding, loss of FEN1 interaction was confined to the exchange of helices 1 and 2, suggesting that FEN1 binds to the stalk region of IE1. Furthermore, our data reveal that both hIE1 and rIE1 antagonize human STAT2; however, distinct regions of the respective viral proteins mediated the interaction. Finally, while PML, FEN1, and STAT2 binding were conserved between primate and rodent proteins, we detected that rIE1 lacks a chromatin tethering function suggesting that this activity is dispensable for rat CMV. In conclusion, our study revealed conserved and distinct functions of primate and rodent IE1 proteins, further supporting the concept that IE1 proteins underwent a narrow co-evolution with their respective hosts to maximize their efficacy in antagonizing innate immune mechanisms and supporting viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rothemund
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.R.); (M.S.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.R.); (M.S.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Eva-Maria Schilling
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.R.); (M.S.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Johannes Schweininger
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (Y.A.M.)
| | - Yves A. Muller
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (J.S.); (Y.A.M.)
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (F.R.); (M.S.); (E.-M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-73150065100
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11
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Mezger MC, Conzelmann C, Weil T, von Maltitz P, Albers DPJ, Münch J, Stamminger T, Schilling EM. Inhibitors of Activin Receptor-like Kinase 5 Interfere with SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein Processing and Spike-Mediated Cell Fusion via Attenuation of Furin Expression. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061308. [PMID: 35746781 PMCID: PMC9228453 DOI: 10.3390/v14061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening of a protein kinase inhibitor library identified SB431542, targeting activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), as a compound interfering with SARS-CoV-2 replication. Since ALK5 is implicated in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and regulation of the cellular endoprotease furin, we pursued this research to clarify the role of this protein kinase for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that TGF-β1 induces the expression of furin in a broad spectrum of cells including Huh-7 and Calu-3 that are permissive for SARS-CoV-2. The inhibition of ALK5 by incubation with SB431542 revealed a dose-dependent downregulation of both basal and TGF-β1 induced furin expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ALK5 inhibitors SB431542 and Vactosertib negatively affect the proteolytic processing of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and significantly reduce spike-mediated cell-cell fusion. This correlated with an inhibitory effect of ALK5 inhibition on the production of infectious SARS-CoV-2. Altogether, our study shows that interference with ALK5 signaling attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and cell-cell spread via downregulation of furin which is most pronounced upon TGF-β stimulation. Since a TGF-β dominated cytokine storm is a hallmark of severe COVID-19, ALK5 inhibitors undergoing clinical trials might represent a potential therapy option for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja C. Mezger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.C.M.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.C.); (T.W.); (P.v.M.); (D.P.J.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Tatjana Weil
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.C.); (T.W.); (P.v.M.); (D.P.J.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Pascal von Maltitz
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.C.); (T.W.); (P.v.M.); (D.P.J.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Dan P. J. Albers
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.C.); (T.W.); (P.v.M.); (D.P.J.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.C.); (T.W.); (P.v.M.); (D.P.J.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.C.M.); (E.-M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-50065100
| | - Eva-Maria Schilling
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.C.M.); (E.-M.S.)
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12
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Janda A, Engel C, Remppis J, Enkel S, Peter A, Hörber S, Ganzenmueller T, Schober S, Weinstock C, Jacobsen EM, Fabricius D, Zernickel M, Stamminger T, Dietz A, Groß HJ, Bode SFN, Haddad ADM, Elling R, Stich M, Tönshoff B, Henneke P, Debatin KM, Franz AR, Renk H. Role of ABO Blood Group in SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Households. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857965. [PMID: 35602077 PMCID: PMC9120758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between certain ABO/Rh blood groups and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been proposed for adults, although this remains controversial. In children and adolescents, the relationship is unclear due to a lack of robust data. Here, we investigated the association of ABO/Rh blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 in a multi-center study comprising 163 households with 281 children and 355 adults and at least one SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individual as determined by three independent assays as a proxy for previous infection. In line with previous findings, we found a higher frequency of blood group A (+ 6%) and a lower frequency of blood group O (−6%) among the SARS-CoV-2 seropositive adults compared to the seronegative ones. This trend was not seen in children. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children had a significantly lower frequency of Rh-positive blood groups. ABO compatibility did not seem to play a role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the families. A correction for family clusters was performed and estimated fixed effects of the blood group on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and symptomatic infection were determined. Although we found a different distribution of blood groups in seropositive individuals compared to the reference population, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity or symptomatic infection was not increased in children or in adults with blood group A or AB versus O or B. Increasing age was the only parameter positively correlating with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, specific ABO/Rh blood groups and ABO compatibility appear not to predispose for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sigrid Enkel
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schober
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christof Weinstock
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany.,Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Dietz
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Groß
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian F N Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anneke D M Haddad
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel R Franz
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Scherer M, Read C, Neusser G, Kranz C, Kuderna AK, Müller R, Full F, Woerz S, Reichel A, Schilling EM, Walther P, Stamminger T. Dual signaling via interferon and DNA damage response elicits entrapment by giant PML nuclear bodies. eLife 2022; 11:73006. [PMID: 35319461 PMCID: PMC8975554 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) are dynamic interchromosomal macromolecular complexes implicated in epigenetic regulation as well as antiviral defense. During herpesvirus infection, PML-NBs induce epigenetic silencing of viral genomes, however, this defense is antagonized by viral regulatory proteins such as IE1 of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we show that PML-NBs undergo a drastic rearrangement into highly enlarged PML cages upon infection with IE1-deficient HCMV. Importantly, our results demonstrate that dual signaling by interferon and DNA damage response is required to elicit giant PML-NBs. DNA labeling revealed that invading HCMV genomes are entrapped inside PML-NBs and remain stably associated with PML cages in a transcriptionally repressed state. Intriguingly, by correlative light and transmission electron microscopy (EM), we observed that PML cages also entrap newly assembled viral capsids demonstrating a second defense layer in cells with incomplete first line response. Further characterization by 3D EM showed that hundreds of viral capsids are tightly packed into several layers of fibrous PML. Overall, our data indicate that giant PML-NBs arise via combined interferon and DNA damage signaling which triggers entrapment of both nucleic acids and proteinaceous components. This represents a multilayered defense strategy to act in a cytoprotective manner and to combat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clarissa Read
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, ULM University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gregor Neusser
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, ULM University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, ULM University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna K Kuderna
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Regina Müller
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Full
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Woerz
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Reichel
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, ULM University, Ulm, Germany
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14
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Renk H, Dulovic A, Seidel A, Becker M, Fabricius D, Zernickel M, Junker D, Groß R, Müller J, Hilger A, Bode SFN, Fritsch L, Frieh P, Haddad A, Görne T, Remppis J, Ganzemueller T, Dietz A, Huzly D, Hengel H, Kaier K, Weber S, Jacobsen EM, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Stich M, Tönshoff B, Hoffmann GF, Müller B, Ludwig C, Jahrsdörfer B, Schrezenmeier H, Peter A, Hörber S, Iftner T, Münch J, Stamminger T, Groß HJ, Wolkewitz M, Engel C, Liu W, Rizzi M, Hahn BH, Henneke P, Franz AR, Debatin KM, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Janda A, Elling R. Robust and durable serological response following pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:128. [PMID: 35013206 PMCID: PMC8748910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and persistence of children's humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown but will be crucial to guide pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccination programs. Here, we examine 548 children and 717 adults within 328 households with at least one member with a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assess serological response at 3-4 months and 11-12 months after infection using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for 23 human coronavirus antigens including SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern (VOC) and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and additionally by three commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Neutralization against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the Delta VOC are analysed in a pseudotyped virus assay. Children, compared to adults, are five times more likely to be asymptomatic, and have higher specific antibody levels which persist longer (96.2% versus 82.9% still seropositive 11-12 months post infection). Of note, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections induce similar humoral responses in all age groups. SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs independent of HCoV serostatus. Neutralization responses of children and adults are similar, although neutralization is reduced for both against the Delta VOC. Overall, the long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is of longer duration than in adults even after asymptomatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Renk
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilger
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian F N Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linus Fritsch
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Frieh
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anneke Haddad
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Görne
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Tina Ganzemueller
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Dietz
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Weber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, Ulm, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Wolkewitz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel R Franz
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Studies, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ales Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center Freiburg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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15
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Stich M, Elling R, Renk H, Janda A, Garbade SF, Müller B, Kräusslich HG, Fabricius D, Zernickel M, Meissner P, Huzly D, Grulich-Henn J, Haddad A, Görne T, Spielberger B, Fritsch L, Nieters A, Hengel H, Dietz AN, Stamminger T, Ganzenmueller T, Ruetalo N, Peter A, Remppis J, Iftner T, Jeltsch K, Waterboer T, Franz AR, Hoffmann GF, Engel C, Debatin KM, Tönshoff B, Henneke P. Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Households with Children, Southwest Germany, May-August 2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:3009-3019. [PMID: 34695369 PMCID: PMC8632156 DOI: 10.3201/eid2712.210978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving the role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in households with members from different generations is crucial for containing the current pandemic. We conducted a large-scale, multicenter, cross-sectional seroepidemiologic household transmission study in southwest Germany during May 11-August 1, 2020. We included 1,625 study participants from 405 households that each had ≥1 child and 1 reverse transcription PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected index case-patient. The overall secondary attack rate was 31.6% and was significantly higher in exposed adults (37.5%) than in children (24.6%-29.2%; p = <0.015); the rate was also significantly higher when the index case-patient was >60 years of age (72.9%; p = 0.039). Other risk factors for infectiousness of the index case-patient were SARS-CoV-2-seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 27.8, 95% CI 8.26-93.5), fever (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.14-3.31), and cough (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.21-3.53). Secondary infections in household contacts generate a substantial disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sven F. Garbade
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Barbara Müller
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Peter Meissner
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Jürgen Grulich-Henn
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Anneke Haddad
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Tessa Görne
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Benedikt Spielberger
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Linus Fritsch
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Andrea N. Dietz
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Andreas Peter
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Jonathan Remppis
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Thomas Iftner
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Kathrin Jeltsch
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Axel R. Franz
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
| | - Georg Friedrich Hoffmann
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (M. Stich, S.F. Garbade, B. Müller, H.-G. Kräusslich, J. Grulich-Henn, K. Jeltsch, G.F. Hoffmann, B. Tönshoff)
- University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (R. Elling, D. Huzly, A. Haddad, T. Görne, B. Spielberger, L. Fritsch, A. Nieters, H. Hengel, P. Henneke)
- University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (H. Renk, T. Ganzenmueller, N. Ruetalo, A. Peter, J. Remppis, T. Iftner, A.R. Franz, C. Engel)
- Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (A. Janda, D. Fabricius, M. Zernickel, P. Meissner, A.N. Dietz, T. Stamminger, K.-M. Debatin)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (T. Waterboer)
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Schweininger J, Scherer M, Rothemund F, Schilling EM, Wörz S, Stamminger T, Muller YA. Cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 proteins form a structurally distinct protein class with adaptations determining cross-species barriers. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009863. [PMID: 34370791 PMCID: PMC8376021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Restriction factors are potent antiviral proteins that constitute a first line of intracellular defense by blocking viral replication and spread. During co-evolution, however, viruses have developed antagonistic proteins to modulate or degrade the restriction factors of their host. To ensure the success of lytic replication, the herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) expresses the immediate-early protein IE1, which acts as an antagonist of antiviral, subnuclear structures termed PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). IE1 interacts directly with PML, the key protein of PML-NBs, through its core domain and disrupts the dot-like multiprotein complexes thereby abrogating the antiviral effects. Here we present the crystal structures of the human and rat cytomegalovirus core domain (IE1CORE). We found that IE1CORE domains, also including the previously characterized IE1CORE of rhesus CMV, form a distinct class of proteins that are characterized by a highly similar and unique tertiary fold and quaternary assembly. This contrasts to a marked amino acid sequence diversity suggesting that strong positive selection evolved a conserved fold, while immune selection pressure may have fostered sequence divergence of IE1. At the same time, we detected specific differences in the helix arrangements of primate versus rodent IE1CORE structures. Functional characterization revealed a conserved mechanism of PML-NB disruption, however, primate and rodent IE1 proteins were only effective in cells of the natural host species but not during cross-species infection. Remarkably, we observed that expression of HCMV IE1 allows rat cytomegalovirus replication in human cells. We conclude that cytomegaloviruses have evolved a distinct protein tertiary structure of IE1 to effectively bind and inactivate an important cellular restriction factor. Furthermore, our data show that the IE1 fold has been adapted to maximize the efficacy of PML targeting in a species-specific manner and support the concept that the PML-NBs-based intrinsic defense constitutes a barrier to cross-species transmission of HCMV. Cytomegaloviruses have evolved in very close association with their hosts resulting in a highly species-specific replication. Cell-intrinsic proteins, known as restriction factors, constitute important barriers for cross-species infection of viruses. All cytomegaloviruses characterized so far express an abundant immediate-early protein, termed IE1, that binds to the cellular restriction factor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and antagonizes its repressive activity on viral gene expression. Here, we present the crystal structures of the PML-binding domains of rat and human cytomegalovirus IE1. Despite low amino-acid sequence identity both proteins share a highly similar and unique fold forming a distinct protein class. Functional characterization revealed a common mechanism of PML antagonization. However, we also detected that the respective IE1 proteins only interact with PML proteins of the natural host species. Interestingly, expression of HCMV IE1 allows rat cytomegalovirus infection in human cells. This indicates that the cellular restriction factor PML forms an important barrier for cross-species infection of cytomegaloviruses that might be overcome by adaptation of IE1 protein function. Our data suggest that the cytomegalovirus IE1 structure represents an evolutionary optimized protein fold targeting PML proteins via coiled-coil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schweininger
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Sonja Wörz
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (TS); (YAM)
| | - Yves A. Muller
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail: (TS); (YAM)
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17
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Griffante G, Gugliesi F, Pasquero S, Dell'Oste V, Biolatti M, Salinger AJ, Mondal S, Thompson PR, Weerapana E, Lebbink RJ, Soppe JA, Stamminger T, Girault V, Pichlmair A, Oroszlán G, Coen DM, De Andrea M, Landolfo S. Human cytomegalovirus-induced host protein citrullination is crucial for viral replication. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3910. [PMID: 34162877 PMCID: PMC8222335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination is the conversion of arginine-to-citrulline by protein arginine deiminases (PADs), whose dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Consistent with the ability of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to induce post-translational modifications of cellular proteins to gain a survival advantage, we show that HCMV infection of primary human fibroblasts triggers PAD-mediated citrullination of several host proteins, and that this activity promotes viral fitness. Citrullinome analysis reveals significant changes in deimination levels of both cellular and viral proteins, with interferon (IFN)-inducible protein IFIT1 being among the most heavily deiminated one. As genetic depletion of IFIT1 strongly enhances HCMV growth, and in vitro IFIT1 citrullination impairs its ability to bind to 5’-ppp-RNA, we propose that viral-induced IFIT1 citrullination is a mechanism of HCMV evasion from host antiviral resistance. Overall, our findings point to a crucial role of citrullination in subverting cellular responses to viral infection. Citrullination is a posttranslational modification of arginines. Here, the authors show that HCMV infection increases citrullination of host and virus proteins to promote infection and that citrullinated interferon-inducible protein IFIT1 is impaired in RNA binding, as a potential mechanism of evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Griffante
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Gugliesi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Selina Pasquero
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ari J Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert J Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper A Soppe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Virginie Girault
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gábor Oroszlán
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald M Coen
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,CAAD Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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18
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Tönshoff B, Müller B, Elling R, Renk H, Meissner P, Hengel H, Garbade SF, Kieser M, Jeltsch K, Grulich-Henn J, Euler J, Stich M, Chobanyan-Jürgens K, Zernickel M, Janda A, Wölfle L, Stamminger T, Iftner T, Ganzenmueller T, Schmitt C, Görne T, Laketa V, Olberg S, Plaszczyca A, Cortese M, Bartenschlager R, Pape C, Remme R, Huzly D, Panning M, Weigang S, Giese S, Ciminski K, Ankerhold J, Kochs G, Schwemmle M, Handgretinger R, Niemeyer CM, Engel C, Kern WV, Hoffmann GF, Franz AR, Henneke P, Debatin KM, Kräusslich HG. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Their Parents in Southwest Germany. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:586-593. [PMID: 33480966 PMCID: PMC7823424 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance School and daycare closures were enforced as measures to confine the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, based on the assumption that young children may play a key role in severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread. Given the grave consequences of contact restrictions for children, a better understanding of their contribution to the COVID-19 pandemic is of great importance. Objective To describe the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children aged 1 to 10 years, compared with a corresponding parent of each child, in a population-based sample. Design, Setting, and Participants This large-scale, multicenter, cross-sectional investigation (the COVID-19 BaWü study) enrolled children aged 1 to 10 years and a corresponding parent between April 22 and May 15, 2020, in southwest Germany. Exposures Potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were infection and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence tests. Discordant results were clarified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, a second enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or an in-house Luminex-based assay. Results This study included 4964 participants: 2482 children (median age, 6 [range, 1-10] years; 1265 boys [51.0%]) and 2482 parents (median age, 40 [range, 23-66] years; 615 men [24.8%]). Two participants (0.04%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low in parents (1.8% [95% CI, 1.2-2.4%]) and 3-fold lower in children (0.6% [95% CI, 0.3-1.0%]). Among 56 families with at least 1 child or parent with seropositivity, the combination of a parent with seropositivity and a corresponding child with seronegativity was 4.3 (95% CI, 1.19-15.52) times higher than the combination of a parent who was seronegative and a corresponding child with seropositivity. We observed virus-neutralizing activity for 66 of 70 IgG-positive serum samples (94.3%). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection during a period of lockdown in southwest Germany was particularly low in children aged 1 to 10 years. Accordingly, it is unlikely that children have boosted the pandemic. This SARS-CoV-2 prevalence study, which appears to be the largest focusing on children, is instructive for how ad hoc mass testing provides the basis for rational political decision-making in a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Meissner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sven F. Garbade
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Kieser
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jeltsch
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grulich-Henn
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Euler
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristine Chobanyan-Jürgens
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Clinical-Pharmacological Trial Centre (paedKliPS), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aleš Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Wölfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tessa Görne
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Olberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Plaszczyca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Pape
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Remme
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jakob Ankerhold
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte M. Niemeyer
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- Centre for Paediatric Clinical Studies at the University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Winfried V. Kern
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Axel R. Franz
- Centre for Paediatric Clinical Studies at the University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Hanka I, Stamminger T, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Kuckhahn AV, Müller R, Weyand M, Heim C. Role of CMV chemokine receptor M33 in airway graft rejection in a mouse transplant model. Transpl Immunol 2021; 67:101415. [PMID: 34033867 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), one form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). The viral chemokine receptor M33 is essential for successful spread of murine CMV to host salivary glands. In the present study we investigated the impact of M33 on chronic airway rejection. METHODS MHC I-mismatched tracheas of C·B10-H2b/LilMcdJ mice were transplanted into BALB/c (H2d) recipients and infected at different dates with wild type (WT) or M33-deleted (delM33) MCMV representing clinical settings of viral recipient (R)-donor (D)-serostatus: (D-/R+) or (D+/R-). Grafts were recovered for gene expression and histological / immunofluorescence analysis, respectively. RESULTS Evaluations showed significantly increased signs of chronic rejection in WT-infected mice compared to uninfected allografts seen in lower epithelium/lamina propria-ratio (ELR) (ELR 0.46 ± 0.07 [WT post] vs. ELR 0.66 ± 0.10 [non-inf.]; p < 0.05). The rejection in delM33-infected groups was significantly reduced vs. WT-infected groups (0.67 ± 0.04 [delM33 post]; vs. WT post p < 0.05). Furthermore, decreased rejection was observed in WT pre-infected compared to post-infected groups (0.56 ± 0.08 [WT pre]; vs. WT post p < 0.05). CD8+ T cell infiltration was significantly higher in WT-post compared to the delM33 infected or non-infected allografts. CONCLUSIONS These data support the role of the CMV in accelerating CLAD. The deletion of chemokine receptor M33 leads to attenuated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Hanka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstaße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Virology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Ramsperger-Gleixner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstaße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika V Kuckhahn
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstaße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Müller
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Weyand
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstaße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Heim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstaße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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20
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Haidar Ahmad S, Al Moussawi F, El Baba R, Nehme Z, Pasquereau S, Kumar A, Molimard C, Monnien F, Algros MP, Karaky R, Stamminger T, Diab Assaf M, Herbein G. Identification of UL69 Gene and Protein in Cytomegalovirus-Transformed Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:627866. [PMID: 33937031 PMCID: PMC8085531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.627866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence addressing the involvement of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in malignancies had directed attention to the oncomodulation paradigm. HCMV-DB infected human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) in culture showed the emergence of clusters of rapidly proliferating, spheroid-shaped transformed cells named CTH (CMV-Transformed HMECs) cells. CTH cells assessment suggests a direct contribution of HCMV to oncogenesis, from key latent and lytic genes activating oncogenic pathways to fueling tumor evolution. We hypothesized that the presence of HCMV genome in CTH cells is of pivotal importance for determining its oncogenic potential. We previously reported the detection of a long non-coding (lnc) RNA4.9 gene in CTH cells. Therefore, we assessed here the presence of UL69 gene, located nearby and downstream of the lncRNA4.9 gene, in CTH cells. The HCMV UL69 gene in CTH cells was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of UL69 gene was performed using Sanger method. The corresponding amino acid sequence was then blasted against the UL69 sequence derived from HCMV-DB genome using NCBI Protein BLAST tool. A 99% identity was present between the nucleotide sequence present in CTH cells and HCMV-DB genome. UL69 transcript was detected in RNA extracts of CTH cells, using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and pUL69 protein was identified in CTH lysates using western blotting. Ganciclovir-treated CTH cells showed a decrease in UL69 gene detection and cellular proliferation. In CTH cells, the knockdown of UL69 with siRNA was assessed by RT-qPCR and western blot to reveal the impact of pUL69 on HCMV replication and CTH cell proliferation. Finally, UL69 gene was detected in breast cancer biopsies. Our results indicate a close link between the UL69 gene detected in the HCMV-DB isolate used to infect HMECs, and the UL69 gene present in transformed CTH cells and tumor biopsies, further highlighting a direct role for HCMV in breast tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Bourgogne France-Comté, Besançon, France.,Molecular Cancer and Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Al Moussawi
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Bourgogne France-Comté, Besançon, France.,Molecular Cancer and Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Bourgogne France-Comté, Besançon, France.,Molecular Cancer and Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Nehme
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Bourgogne France-Comté, Besançon, France.,Molecular Cancer and Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Bourgogne France-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Bourgogne France-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Chloé Molimard
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Franck Monnien
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Racha Karaky
- Molecular Cancer and Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | | | - Mona Diab Assaf
- Molecular Cancer and Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Lebanese University, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Bourgogne France-Comté, Besançon, France.,Department of Virology, CHRU Besancon, Besancon, France
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21
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Jahrsdörfer B, Kroschel J, Ludwig C, Corman VM, Schwarz T, Körper S, Rojewski M, Lotfi R, Weinstock C, Drosten C, Seifried E, Stamminger T, Groß HJ, Schrezenmeier H. Independent Side-by-Side Validation and Comparison of 4 Serological Platforms for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:796-801. [PMID: 33064789 PMCID: PMC7665624 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific platforms for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are becoming increasingly important for (1) evaluating potential SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma donors, (2) studying the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections and (3) identifying individuals with seroconversion. This study provides a comparative validation of four anti-SARS-CoV-2 platforms. Unique feature of this study is the use of a representative cohort of COVID-19-convalescent patients with mild-to-moderate disease course. All platforms showed significant correlations with a SARS-CoV-2 plaque-reduction-neutralization test, with highest sensitivities for the Euroimmun and the Roche platforms, suggesting their preferential use for screening of persons at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joris Kroschel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Victor Max Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schwarz
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sixten Körper
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christof Weinstock
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Schilling EM, Scherer M, Rothemund F, Stamminger T. Functional regulation of the structure-specific endonuclease FEN1 by the human cytomegalovirus protein IE1 suggests a role for the re-initiation of stalled viral replication forks. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009460. [PMID: 33770148 PMCID: PMC8026080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a member of the family of structure-specific endonucleases implicated in regulation of DNA damage response and DNA replication. So far, knowledge on the role of FEN1 during viral infections is limited. Previous publications indicated that poxviruses encode a conserved protein that acts in a manner similar to FEN1 to stimulate homologous recombination, double-strand break (DSB) repair and full-size genome formation. Only recently, cellular FEN1 has been identified as a key component for hepatitis B virus cccDNA formation. Here, we report on a novel functional interaction between Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early protein 1 (IE1). Our results provide evidence that IE1 manipulates FEN1 in an unprecedented manner: we observed that direct IE1 binding does not only enhance FEN1 protein stability but also phosphorylation at serine 187. This correlates with nucleolar exclusion of FEN1 stimulating its DSB-generating gap endonuclease activity. Depletion of FEN1 and inhibition of its enzymatic activity during HCMV infection significantly reduced nascent viral DNA synthesis demonstrating a supportive role for efficient HCMV DNA replication. Furthermore, our results indicate that FEN1 is required for the formation of DSBs during HCMV infection suggesting that IE1 acts as viral activator of FEN1 in order to re-initiate stalled replication forks. In summary, we propose a novel mechanism of viral FEN1 activation to overcome replication fork barriers at difficult-to-replicate sites in viral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Häge S, Sonntag E, Svrlanska A, Borst EM, Stilp AC, Horsch D, Müller R, Kropff B, Milbradt J, Stamminger T, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Marschall M. Phenotypical Characterization of the Nuclear Egress of Recombinant Cytomegaloviruses Reveals Defective Replication upon ORF-UL50 Deletion but Not pUL50 Phosphosite Mutation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020165. [PMID: 33499341 PMCID: PMC7911381 DOI: 10.3390/v13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear egress is a common herpesviral process regulating nucleocytoplasmic capsid release. For human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the nuclear egress complex (NEC) is determined by the pUL50-pUL53 core that regulates multicomponent assembly with NEC-associated proteins and capsids. Recently, NEC crystal structures were resolved for α-, β- and γ-herpesviruses, revealing profound structural conservation, which was not mirrored, however, by primary sequence and binding properties. The NEC binding principle is based on hook-into-groove interaction through an N-terminal hook-like pUL53 protrusion that embraces an α-helical pUL50 binding groove. So far, pUL50 has been considered as the major kinase-interacting determinant and massive phosphorylation of pUL50-pUL53 was assigned to NEC formation and functionality. Here, we addressed the question of phenotypical changes of ORF-UL50-mutated HCMVs. Surprisingly, our analyses did not detect a predominant replication defect for most of these viral mutants, concerning parameters of replication kinetics (qPCR), viral protein production (Western blot/CoIP) and capsid egress (confocal imaging/EM). Specifically, only the ORF-UL50 deletion rescue virus showed a block of genome synthesis during late stages of infection, whereas all phosphosite mutants exhibited marginal differences compared to wild-type or revertants. These results (i) emphasize a rate-limiting function of pUL50 for nuclear egress, and (ii) demonstrate that mutations in all mapped pUL50 phosphosites may be largely compensated. A refined mechanistic concept points to a multifaceted nuclear egress regulation, for which the dependence on the expression and phosphorylation of pUL50 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Häge
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (R.M.); (B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Eric Sonntag
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (R.M.); (B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Adriana Svrlanska
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (R.M.); (B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Eva Maria Borst
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Anne-Charlotte Stilp
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.-C.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Deborah Horsch
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (R.M.); (B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Regina Müller
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (R.M.); (B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Barbara Kropff
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (R.M.); (B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Jens Milbradt
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (R.M.); (B.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.-C.S.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (R.M.); (B.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8526089
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24
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Fritz NM, Stamminger T, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Kuckhahn AV, Müller R, Weyand M, Heim C. Cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor M33 knockout reduces chronic allograft rejection in a murine aortic transplant model. Transpl Immunol 2020; 64:101359. [PMID: 33301898 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies suggest that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may act as isolated risk factor in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Viral G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are thought to contribute to the pathogenic changes associated with CMV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of murine cytomegalovirus GPCR M33 in the development of CAV in a murine aortic allograft model. METHODS MHC I-mismatched aortas of C.B10 (H2b) mice were transplanted into BALB/c (H2d) recipients, which were either mock-infected, infected with wild type (WT) MCMV or MCMV with a deleted M33-receptor gene (delM33). Persistence of cytomegalovirus infection was confirmed by qPCR and by luciferase assay to ensure active viral replication. Grafts were harvested on days 21 and 37 for intragraft mRNA expression and histological analysis. RESULTS Active viral replication was demonstrated and MCMV presence was confirmed by PCR within spleen, liver, salivary glands, lung and the aortic transplant. Infection with delM33 resulted in significantly less intimal proliferation compared to WT-MCMV but more pronounced proliferation than in mock-infected allografts (32.19% [delM33] vs. 41.71% [WT-MCMV] vs. 24.33% [MCMV-]). Intragraft expression of most analyzed genes was significantly increased in infected mice. VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PDGFβ, CXCR3 and Granzyme B were distinctly less expressed in grafts of delM33 infected compared to WT infected mice. Cellular infiltration revealed reduced dendritic cells and T cells in grafts infected with delM33 compared to WT MCMV. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the MCMV encoded receptor M33 plays an important role as a viral effector mechanism contributing to the development of CAV in a murine aortic transplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas M Fritz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Virology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Ramsperger-Gleixner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika V Kuckhahn
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Müller
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Weyand
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Heim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Marschall M, Strojan H, Kiener R, Wangen C, Sonntag E, Müller R, Zeitträger I, Wagner S, Stamminger T, Milbradt J, Behrends U, Körber N, Bauer T, Schrödel S, Thirion C, Wagner R, Hutterer C. Differential upregulation of host cell protein kinases by the replication of α-, β- and γ-herpesviruses provides a signature of virus-specific signalling. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:284-289. [PMID: 31958050 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with human herpesviruses share several molecular characteristics, but the diversified medical outcomes are distinct to viral subfamilies and species. Notably, both clinical and molecular correlates of infection are a challenging field and distinct patterns of virus-host interaction have rarely been defined; this study therefore focuses on the search for virus-specific molecular indicators. As previous studies have demonstrated the impact of herpesvirus infections on changes in host signalling pathways, we illustrate virus-modulated expression levels of individual cellular protein kinases. Current data reveal (i) α-, β- and γ-herpesvirus-specific patterns of kinase modulation as well as (ii) differential levels of up-/downregulated kinase expression and phosphorylation, which collectively suggest (iii) defined signalling patterns specific for the various viruses (VSS) that may prove useful for defining molecular indicators. Combined, the study confirms the correlation between herpesviral replication and modulation of signalling kinases, possibly exploitable for the in vitro characterization of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanife Strojan
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Kiener
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Sonntag
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Müller
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel Zeitträger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Wagner
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jens Milbradt
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uta Behrends
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München/TUM, Munich, Germany
- Children's Hospital Schwabing, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Körber
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München/TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München/TUM, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Corina Hutterer
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Conzelmann C, Gilg A, Groß R, Schütz D, Preising N, Ständker L, Jahrsdörfer B, Schrezenmeier H, Sparrer KM, Stamminger T, Stenger S, Münch J, Müller JA. An enzyme-based immunodetection assay to quantify SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antiviral Res 2020; 181:104882. [PMID: 32738255 PMCID: PMC7388004 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel pandemic coronavirus that caused a global health and economic crisis. The development of efficient drugs and vaccines against COVID-19 requires detailed knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 biology. Several techniques to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection have been established, mainly based on counting infected cells by staining plaques or foci, or by quantifying the viral genome by PCR. These methods are laborious, time-consuming and expensive and therefore not suitable for a high sample throughput or rapid diagnostics. We here report a novel enzyme-based immunodetection assay that directly quantifies the amount of de novo synthesized viral spike protein within fixed and permeabilized cells. This in-cell ELISA enables a rapid and quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in microtiter format, regardless of the virus isolate or target cell culture. It follows the established method of performing ELISA assays and does not require expensive instrumentation. Utilization of the in-cell ELISA allows to e.g. determine TCID50 of virus stocks, antiviral efficiencies (IC50 values) of drugs or neutralizing activity of sera. Thus, the in-cell spike ELISA represents a promising alternative to study SARS-CoV-2 infection and inhibition and may facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Gilg
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Desiree Schütz
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nico Preising
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Services Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany,Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis A. Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany,Corresponding author
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27
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Shan L, Li S, Meeldijk J, Blijenberg B, Hendriks A, van Boxtel KJWM, van den Berg SPH, Groves IJ, Potts M, Svrlanska A, Stamminger T, Wills MR, Bovenschen N. Killer cell proteases can target viral immediate-early proteins to control human cytomegalovirus infection in a noncytotoxic manner. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008426. [PMID: 32282833 PMCID: PMC7179929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most frequent viral cause of congenital defects and can trigger devastating disease in immune-suppressed patients. Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells and NK cells) control HCMV infection by releasing interferon-γ and five granzymes (GrA, GrB, GrH, GrK, GrM), which are believed to kill infected host cells through cleavage of intracellular death substrates. However, it has recently been demonstrated that the in vivo killing capacity of cytotoxic T cells is limited and multiple T cell hits are required to kill a single virus-infected cell. This raises the question whether cytotoxic lymphocytes can use granzymes to control HCMV infection in a noncytotoxic manner. Here, we demonstrate that (primary) cytotoxic lymphocytes can block HCMV dissemination independent of host cell death, and interferon-α/β/γ. Prior to killing, cytotoxic lymphocytes induce the degradation of viral immediate-early (IE) proteins IE1 and IE2 in HCMV-infected cells. Intriguingly, both IE1 and/or IE2 are directly proteolyzed by all human granzymes, with GrB and GrM being most efficient. GrB and GrM cleave IE1 after Asp398 and Leu414, respectively, likely resulting in IE1 aberrant cellular localization, IE1 instability, and functional impairment of IE1 to interfere with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, GrB and GrM cleave IE2 after Asp184 and Leu173, respectively, resulting in IE2 aberrant cellular localization and functional abolishment of IE2 to transactivate the HCMV UL112 early promoter. Taken together, our data indicate that cytotoxic lymphocytes can also employ noncytotoxic ways to control HCMV infection, which may be explained by granzyme-mediated targeting of indispensable viral proteins during lytic infection. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading viral cause of congenital defects, can trigger disease in immune-compromised patients, and plays roles in cancer development. Cytotoxic lymphocytes kill HCMV-infected cells via releasing a set of five cytotoxic serine proteases called granzymes. However, the killing capacity of cytotoxic cells is limited and multiple T cell hits are required to kill a single virus-infected cell. This raises the question whether cytotoxic lymphocytes can use granzymes to control HCMV infection in a noncytotoxic manner. Here, we show that cytotoxic lymphocytes can also use granzymes to inhibit HCMV replication in absence of cell death. All five granzymes cleave and inactivate both viral immediate-early (IE1/2) proteins, which are essential players for initiating HCMV infection. Our data support the model that cytotoxic cells employ granzymes to dampen HCMV replication prior to accumulation of sufficient hits to kill the infected cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Shan
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Meeldijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadet Blijenberg
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hendriks
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ian J. Groves
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Potts
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Svrlanska
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mark R. Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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28
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Vogel JU, Schmidt S, Schmidt D, Rothweiler F, Koch B, Baer P, Rabenau H, Michel D, Stamminger T, Michaelis M, Cinatl J. The Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist Eltrombopag Inhibits Human Cytomegalovirus Replication Via Iron Chelation. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010031. [PMID: 31861948 PMCID: PMC7017049 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag was successfully used against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-associated thrombocytopenia refractory to immunomodulatory and antiviral drugs. These effects were ascribed to the effects of eltrombopag on megakaryocytes. Here, we tested whether eltrombopag may also exert direct antiviral effects. Therapeutic eltrombopag concentrations inhibited HCMV replication in human fibroblasts and adult mesenchymal stem cells infected with six different virus strains and drug-resistant clinical isolates. Eltrombopag also synergistically increased the anti-HCMV activity of the mainstay drug ganciclovir. Time-of-addition experiments suggested that eltrombopag interfered with HCMV replication after virus entry. Eltrombopag was effective in thrombopoietin receptor-negative cells, and the addition of Fe3+ prevented the anti-HCMV effects, indicating that it inhibits HCMV replication via iron chelation. This may be of particular interest for the treatment of cytopenias after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as HCMV reactivation is a major reason for transplantation failure. Since therapeutic eltrombopag concentrations are effective against drug-resistant viruses, and synergistically increase the effects of ganciclovir, eltrombopag is also a drug-repurposing candidate for the treatment of therapy-refractory HCMV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Uwe Vogel
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität, Paul Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.-U.V.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (H.R.)
| | - Sophie Schmidt
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität, Paul Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.-U.V.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (H.R.)
| | - Daniel Schmidt
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität, Paul Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.-U.V.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (H.R.)
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität, Paul Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.-U.V.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (H.R.)
| | - Benjamin Koch
- Medizinische Klinik III, Nephrologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (B.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrick Baer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Nephrologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (B.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Holger Rabenau
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität, Paul Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.-U.V.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (H.R.)
| | - Detlef Michel
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (D.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (D.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industry Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.M.); Tel.: +49-69-678665-72 (J.C.); +44-1227-82-7804 (M.M.)
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe-Universität, Paul Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.-U.V.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (H.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.M.); Tel.: +49-69-678665-72 (J.C.); +44-1227-82-7804 (M.M.)
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29
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Svrlanska A, Ruhland A, Marschall M, Reuter N, Stamminger T. Wedelolactone inhibits human cytomegalovirus replication by targeting distinct steps of the viral replication cycle. Antiviral Res 2019; 174:104677. [PMID: 31836420 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wedelolactone (WDL) is a coumestan present in the plants Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea which are used for treatment of a multitude of health problems in traditional medicine. It has previously been shown that WDL exerts antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. In this study, we investigated the effect of WDL on lytic human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. We demonstrate a strong interference with HCMV replication as analyzed in multi-round replication settings. A more detailed analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that WDL acts at two distinct steps of the viral replication cycle. During immediate early (IE) times, we observe an inhibition of IE1/IE2 expression. Although WDL was reported to interfere with NF-κB signaling our results suggest the existence of additional mechanisms that impede viral IE expression. During later time points of infection, WDL induced a disruption of the interaction between EZH2 and EED, components of the virus-supportive polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Thereby, the stability of the PRC2 complex as well as the related complex PRC1 was disturbed leading to diminished viral DNA synthesis. Taken together, we identify WDL as a potent agent against HCMV which interferes at two distinct steps of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Svrlanska
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Ruhland
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Reuter
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Natori Y, Alghamdi A, Tazari M, Miller V, Husain S, Komatsu T, Griffiths P, Ljungman P, Orchanian-Cheff A, Kumar D, Humar A, Alexander B, Avery R, Baldanti F, Barnett S, Baum P, Berrey MM, Birnkrant D, Blumberg E, Boeckh M, Boutolleau D, Bowlin T, Brooks J, Chemaly R, Chou S, Cloherty G, Cruikshank W, Dropulic L, Einsele H, Erdman J, Fahle G, Fallon L, Gillis H, Gonzalez D, Griffiths P, Gunter K, Hirsch H, Hodowanec A, Humar A, Hunt P, Josephson F, Komatsu T, Kotton C, Krause P, Kuhr F, Lademacher C, Lanier R, Lazarus T, Leake J, Leavitt R, Lehrman SN, Li L, Ljungman P, Lodding PI, Lundgren J, Martinez-Murillo F(P, Mayer H, McCutcheon M, McKinnon J, Mertens T, Miller V, Modarress K, Mols J, Mossman S, Murata Y, Murawski D, Murray J, Natori Y, Nichols G, O’Rear J, Peggs K, Pikis A, Prichard M, Razonable R, Riches M, Roberts J, Saber W, Sayada C, Singer M, Stamminger T, Wijatyk A, Yu D, Zeiher B. Use of Viral Load as a Surrogate Marker in Clinical Studies of Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:617-631. [PMID: 29020339 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease has been the standard endpoint for clinical trials in organ transplant recipients. Viral load may be a more relevant endpoint due to low frequency of disease. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. We found several lines of evidence to support the validity of viral load as an appropriate surrogate end-point, including the following: (1) viral loads in CMV disease are significantly greater than in asymptomatic viremia (odds ratio, 9.3 95% confidence interval, 4.6-19.3); (2) kinetics of viral replication are strongly associated with progression to disease; (3) pooled incidence of CMV viremia and disease is significantly lower during prophylaxis compared with the full patient follow-up period (viremia incidence: 3.2% vs 34.3%; P < .001) (disease incidence: 1.1% vs 13.0%; P < .001); (4) treatment of viremia prevented disease; and (5) viral load decline correlated with symptom resolution. Based on the analysis, we conclude that CMV load is an appropriate surrogate endpoint for CMV trials in organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Natori
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Tazari
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica Miller
- Forum for Collaborative Research, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Shahid Husain
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takashi Komatsu
- Division of Antiviral Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Paul Griffiths
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Per Ljungman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine Huddigne, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ani Orchanian-Cheff
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jung S, Michel M, Stamminger T, Michel D. Fast breakthrough of resistant cytomegalovirus during secondary letermovir prophylaxis in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:388. [PMID: 31068147 PMCID: PMC6505103 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The compound letermovir (LMV) has recently been approved for the prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in adult CMV seropositive recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. LMV inhibits CMV replication by binding to the viral terminase complex. However, first cases of clinical LMV resistance have been occurred. Here we report a fast breakthrough of resistant cytomegalovirus during secondary LMV prophylaxis in a hematopoietic-cell transplant recipient. CASE PRESENTATION A 44-year-old male patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experienced a CMV-reactivation within the first 4 weeks of allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation. Administration of LMV was initiated at day + 34. Due to increasing viral loads, LMV treatment was discontinued after 8 days. The patient was then administered with valganciclovir (valGCV) until viral DNA was undetectable. Due to neutropenia, valGCV treatment was switched to LMV secondary prophylaxis. For 4 weeks, the patient maintain virologic suppression. Then, CMV viral loads increased with a fast kinetic. Genotypic testing of the viral polymerase UL54, the kinase UL97 as well as the viral terminase UL56 and UL89 revealed the mutation C325Y in UL56, which is associated with the high level LMV resistance. CONCLUSION It is known that Letermovir is approved for prophylactic purposes. However, it may be used for some patients with CMV infection who either have failed prior therapies or are unable to tolerate other anti-CMV compounds. Particularly, the administration of LMV should be avoided in patients with detectable viral loads. When this is not possible, viral load must be routinely monitored along with UL56 genotyping. Furthermore, LMV administration at high virus loads may foster the rapid selection of resistant CMV mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jung
- Diakonissenkrankenhaus und Paulinenhilfe gGmbH, Diakonie-Klinikum Stuttgart, Rosenbergstraße 38, 70176, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manuela Michel
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Detlef Michel
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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32
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Frank T, Niemann I, Reichel A, Stamminger T. Emerging roles of cytomegalovirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptors during lytic and latent infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:447-456. [PMID: 30900091 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) have developed multiple diverse strategies to ensure their replicative success and to evade immune recognition. Given the fact that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key regulators of numerous cellular processes and modify a variety of signaling pathways, it is not surprising that CMVs and other herpesviruses have hijacked mammalian GPCRs during their coevolution. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes for four viral GPCR homologues (vGPCRs), termed US27, US28, UL33, and UL78. Although HCMV-encoded GPCRs were first described in 1990, the pivotal functions of these viral receptor proteins were detected only recently. Here, we summarize seminal knowledge on the functions of herpesviral vGPCRs with a focus on novel roles of cytomegalovirus-encoded vGPCRs for viral spread and the regulation of latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Frank
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ina Niemann
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Reichel
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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33
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Olaizola-Rebe P, Onyerindu C, Kiesworo K, Lodha M, Stamminger T, Peters N, Murray M, Reeves M. Type I interferon activity promotes a cellular environment that supports the establishment of latency by human cytomegalovirus. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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34
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Hanka I, Stamminger T, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Kuckhahn A, Weyand M, Heim C. Deletion of M33 Chemokine Receptor Leads to Decreased Levels of Chronic Rejection in a Murine Tracheal Transplant Model. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Hanka
- University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - A. Kuckhahn
- University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Weyand
- University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Heim
- University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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35
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Poole EL, Kew VG, Lau JC, Murray MJ, Stamminger T, Sinclair JH, Reeves MB. A Virally Encoded DeSUMOylase Activity Is Required for Cytomegalovirus Reactivation from Latency. Cell Rep 2018; 24:594-606. [PMID: 30021158 PMCID: PMC6077246 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of viral genes is required for the long-term latent infection of hematopoietic cells by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we show that a latency-associated gene product (LUNA) promotes the disruption of cellular PML bodies during latency. Mutation and inhibitor studies reveal that LUNA encodes a deSUMOylase activity responsible for this disruption. Specifically, LUNA encodes a conserved Asp-Cys-Gly motif common to all deSUMOylases. Importantly, mutation of the putative catalytic cysteine is sufficient to reverse LUNA-mediated PML dispersal and markedly reduces the efficiency of viral reactivation. The depletion of PML from cells is sufficient to rescue the reactivation of the LUNA-deficient viruses, arguing that targeting PML is an important biological role of LUNA. Finally, we demonstrate that reactivation of naturally latent HCMV is blocked by deSUMOylase inhibitors. Thus, latent HCMV primes the cellular environment for efficient reactivation via the activity of a virally encoded deSUMOylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Verity G. Kew
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan C.H. Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Matthew J. Murray
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - John H. Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK,Corresponding author
| | - Matthew B. Reeves
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK,Corresponding author
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36
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Heim C, Fritz N, Stamminger T, Gocht A, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Ensminger S, Weyand M. Knockout of the M33 Receptor Gene in Murine Cytomegalovirus is Associated With Decreased Levels of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in a Murine Aortic Transplant Model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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37
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Cloarec R, Bauer S, Teissier N, Schaller F, Luche H, Courtens S, Salmi M, Pauly V, Bois E, Pallesi-Pocachard E, Buhler E, Michel FJ, Gressens P, Malissen M, Stamminger T, Streblow DN, Bruneau N, Szepetowski P. In Utero Administration of Drugs Targeting Microglia Improves the Neurodevelopmental Outcome Following Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Rat Fetal Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:55. [PMID: 29559892 PMCID: PMC5845535 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections represent one leading cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. Recently, we reported on a rat model of CMV infection of the developing brain in utero, characterized by early and prominent infection and alteration of microglia-the brain-resident mononuclear phagocytes. Besides their canonical function against pathogens, microglia are also pivotal to brain development. Here we show that CMV infection of the rat fetal brain recapitulated key postnatal phenotypes of human congenital CMV including increased mortality, sensorimotor impairment reminiscent of cerebral palsy, hearing defects, and epileptic seizures. The possible influence of early microglia alteration on those phenotypes was then questioned by pharmacological targeting of microglia during pregnancy. One single administration of clodronate liposomes in the embryonic brains at the time of CMV injection to deplete microglia, and maternal feeding with doxycyxline throughout pregnancy to modify microglia in the litters' brains, were both associated with dramatic improvements of survival, body weight gain, sensorimotor development and with decreased risk of epileptic seizures. Improvement of microglia activation status did not persist postnatally after doxycycline discontinuation; also, active brain infection remained unchanged by doxycycline. Altogether our data indicate that early microglia alteration, rather than brain CMV load per se, is instrumental in influencing survival and the neurological outcomes of CMV-infected rats, and suggest that microglia might participate in the neurological outcome of congenital CMV in humans. Furthermore this study represents a first proof-of-principle for the design of microglia-targeted preventive strategies in the context of congenital CMV infection of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Cloarec
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Neurochlore, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvian Bauer
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Teissier
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1141, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Schaller
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,PPGI Platform, INMED, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Luche
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMS3367, CIPHE (Centre D'Immunophénomique), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM US012, PHENOMIN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Courtens
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Manal Salmi
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Vanessa Pauly
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique EA 3279, Faculté de Médecine Centre d'Evaluation de la Pharmacodépendance-Addictovigilance de Marseille (PACA-Corse) Associé, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Bois
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1141, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Pallesi-Pocachard
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,PBMC platform, INMED, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,PPGI Platform, INMED, Marseille, France
| | - François J Michel
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,InMAGIC platform, INMED, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1141, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMS3367, CIPHE (Centre D'Immunophénomique), French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM US012, PHENOMIN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nadine Bruneau
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Szepetowski
- INMED, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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38
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Reuter N, Reichel A, Stilp AC, Scherer M, Stamminger T. SUMOylation of IE2p86 is required for efficient autorepression of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:369-378. [PMID: 29458530 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IE2p86 protein is pivotal for coordinated regulation of viral gene expression. Besides functioning as a promiscuous transactivator, IE2p86 is also known to negatively regulate its own transcription. This occurs via direct binding of IE2p86 to a 14-bp palindromic DNA element located between the TATA box and the transcription start site of the major immediate-early promoter (MIEP), which is referred to as the cis repression signal (CRS). However, the exact mechanism of IE2p86-based autorepression is still unclear. By testing a series of IE2p86 mutants in transient expression assays, we found that not only did a DNA binding-deficient mutant of IE2p86 fail to repress the MIEP, but SUMOylation-negative mutants also failed to repress it. This finding was further supported by infection studies with primary fibroblasts harbouring a MIEP-driven transgene as a reporter. Here, we observed that a recombinant HCMV expressing SUMOylation-negative IE2p86 was defective in transgene downregulation, in contrast to wild-type HCMV. Interestingly, however, a double-mutant virus in which both the SUMO acceptor sites and the SUMO interaction motif (SIM) of IE2p86 were inactivated regained the ability to silence the MIEP. This correlated with increased expression levels of the IE2 isoforms IE2p40 and IE2p60, suggesting that these late proteins may contribute to MIEP suppression, thus compensating for the loss of IE2p86 SUMOylation. In summary, our results show that autorepression of the MIEP is not only regulated by late isoforms of IE2, but also depends on posttranslational SUMO modification, revealing a novel mechanism to fine-tune the expression of this important viral gene region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reuter
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Reichel
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne-Charlotte Stilp
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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39
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Hahn F, Fröhlich T, Frank T, Bertzbach LD, Kohrt S, Kaufer BB, Stamminger T, Tsogoeva SB, Marschall M. Artesunate-derived monomeric, dimeric and trimeric experimental drugs - Their unique mechanistic basis and pronounced antiherpesviral activity. Antiviral Res 2018; 152:104-110. [PMID: 29458133 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major human pathogen and is associated with severe pathology, such as life-threatening courses of infection in immunocompromised individuals and neonates. Currently, antiviral therapy is still hampered by a considerable toxicity of the available drugs and induction of viral resistance. Recently, we and others reported the very potent antiviral activity of the broad antiinfective drug artesunate in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated further optimized analogs including monomeric, dimeric and trimeric derivatives belonging to this highly interesting chemical group of experimental drugs (sesquiterpenes/trioxanes) and compared these to the previously identified trimeric artesunate compound TF27. We could demonstrate that (i) seven of the eight investigated monomeric, dimeric and trimeric artesunate derivatives, i.e. TF79, TF85, TF87, TF93.2.4, TF111, TF57a and TF57ab, exerted a strong anti-HCMV activity in primary human fibroblasts, (ii) the EC50 values ranged in the low to sub-micromolar concentrations and indicated a higher antiviral potency than the recently described artesunate analogs, (iii) one trimeric compound, TF79, showed a very promising EC50 of 0.03 ± 0.00 μM, which even exceled the antiviral potency of TF27 (EC50 0.04 ± 0.01 μM), (iv) levels of cytotoxicity (quantitative measurement of lactate dehydrogenase release) were low in a range between 100 and 30 μM and thus different from antiviral concentrations, (v) an analysis of protein expression levels indicated a potent block of viral protein expression, and (vi) data from a NF-κB reporter cell system strongly suggested that these compounds share the same antiviral mechanism. Taken together, our data on these novel compounds strongly encourages our earlier concept on the oligomerization and hybridization of artesunate analogs, providing an excellent platform for the generation of antiherpesviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tony Fröhlich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Theresa Frank
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Luca D Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert Von Ostertag-Str. 7 - 13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Kohrt
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benedikt B Kaufer
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert Von Ostertag-Str. 7 - 13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Fritz N, Stamminger T, Gocht A, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Müller R, Ensminger S, Weyand M, Heim C. Knockout of the M33 Chemokine Receptor Gene in Murine Cytomegalovirus is Associated with Decreased Levels of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in a Murine Aortic Transplant Model. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Fritz
- Herzchirurgie, Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - T. Stamminger
- Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Gocht
- Herzchirurgie, Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - R. Müller
- Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - M. Weyand
- Herzchirurgie, Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Heim
- Herzchirurgie, Erlangen, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
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Hutterer C, Milbradt J, Hamilton S, Zaja M, Leban J, Henry C, Vitt D, Steingruber M, Sonntag E, Zeitträger I, Bahsi H, Stamminger T, Rawlinson W, Strobl S, Marschall M. Inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRK) exert a strong anti-herpesviral activity. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:113-121. [PMID: 28400201 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a serious medical problem, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and neonates. The success of (val)ganciclovir therapy is hampered by low drug compatibility and induction of viral resistance. A novel strategy of antiviral treatment is based on the exploitation of cell-directed signaling, e. g. pathways with a known relevance for carcinogenesis and tumor drug development. Here we describe a principle for putative antiviral drugs based on targeting dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). DYRKs constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of protein kinases with key roles in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Members of the DYRK family are capable of phosphorylating a number of substrate proteins, including regulators of the cell cycle, e.g. DYRK1B can induce cell cycle arrest, a critical step for the regulation of HCMV replication. Here we provide first evidence for a critical role of DYRKs during viral replication and the high antiviral potential of DYRK inhibitors (SC84227, SC97202 and SC97208, Harmine and AZ-191). Using established replication assays for laboratory and clinically relevant strains of HCMV, concentration-dependent profiles of inhibition were obtained. Mean inhibitory concentrations (EC50) of 0.98 ± 0.08 μM/SC84227, 0.60 ± 0.02 μM/SC97202, 6.26 ± 1.64 μM/SC97208, 0.71 ± 0.019 μM/Harmine and 0.63 ± 0.23 μM/AZ-191 were determined with HCMV strain AD169-GFP for the infection of primary human fibroblasts. A first analysis of the mode of antiviral action suggested a block of viral replication at the early-late stage of HCMV gene expression. Moreover, rhesus macaque cytomegalovirus (RhCMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) showed a similarly high sensitivity to these compounds. Thus, we conclude that DYRK signaling represents a promising target pathway for the development of novel anti-herpesviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Hutterer
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Jens Milbradt
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Stuart Hamilton
- Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick NSW 2013 and SOMS and BABS, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mirko Zaja
- 4SC Discovery GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Mirjam Steingruber
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Eric Sonntag
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Isabel Zeitträger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Hanife Bahsi
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - William Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick NSW 2013 and SOMS and BABS, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
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Heim C, Motsch B, Gocht A, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Stamminger T, Khan M, Nicolls M, Weyand M, Ensminger S. Microvascular Loss in Experimental Murine Tracheal Transplantation can be Prevented by Anti-Platelet Therapy and in Combination with mTOR Inhibitor. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Heim
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Herzchirurgie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B. Motsch
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Herzchirurgie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Gocht
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Herzchirurgie, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - T. Stamminger
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Virologie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M.A. Khan
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | | | - M. Weyand
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Herzchirurgie, Erlangen, Germany
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Heilingloh CS, Grosche L, Kummer M, Mühl-Zürbes P, Kamm L, Scherer M, Latzko M, Stamminger T, Steinkasserer A. The Major Immediate-Early Protein IE2 of Human Cytomegalovirus Is Sufficient to Induce Proteasomal Degradation of CD83 on Mature Dendritic Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:119. [PMID: 28203230 PMCID: PMC5285329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the prototypic beta-herpesvirus and widespread throughout the human population. While infection is asymptomatic in healthy individuals, it can lead to high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised persons. Importantly, HCMV evolved multiple strategies to interfere with immune cell function in order to establish latency in infected individuals. As mature DCs (mDCs) are antigen-presenting cells able to activate naïve T cells they play a crucial role during induction of effective antiviral immune responses. Interestingly, earlier studies demonstrated that the functionally important mDC surface molecule CD83 is down-regulated upon HCMV infection resulting in a reduced T cell stimulatory capacity of the infected cells. However, the viral effector protein and the precise mechanism of HCMV-mediated CD83 reduction remain to be discovered. Using flow cytometric analyses, we observed significant down-modulation of CD83 surface expression becoming significant already 12 h after HCMV infection. Moreover, Western bot analyses revealed that, in sharp contrast to previous studies, loss of CD83 is not restricted to the membrane-bound molecule, but also occurs intracellularly. Furthermore, inhibition of the proteasome almost completely restored CD83 surface expression during HCMV infection. Results of infection kinetics and cycloheximide-actinomycin D-chase experiments, strongly suggested that an HCMV immediate early gene product is responsible for the induction of CD83 down-modulation. Consequently, we were able to identify the major immediate early protein IE2 as the viral effector protein that induces proteasomal CD83 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Grosche
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirko Kummer
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Mühl-Zürbes
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Kamm
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Latzko
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen, Germany
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Frank T, Reichel A, Larsen O, Stilp AC, Rosenkilde MM, Stamminger T, Ozawa T, Tschammer N. Attenuation of chemokine receptor function and surface expression as an immunomodulatory strategy employed by human cytomegalovirus is linked to vGPCR US28. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:31. [PMID: 27955674 PMCID: PMC5153698 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some herpesviruses like human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encode viral G protein-coupled receptors that cause reprogramming of cell signaling to facilitate dissemination of the virus, prevent immune surveillance and establish life-long latency. Human GPCRs are known to function in complex signaling networks involving direct physical interactions as well as indirect crosstalk of orthogonal signaling networks. The human chemokine receptor CXCR4 is expressed on hematopoietic stem cells, leukocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells, which are infected by HCMV or display reservoirs of latency. Results We investigated the potential heteromerization of US28 with CXCR4 as well as the influence of US28 on CXCR4 signaling. Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer and luciferase-complementation based methods we show that US28 expression exhibits negative effects on CXCR4 signaling and constitutive surface expression in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this effect is not mediated by receptor heteromerization but via signaling crosstalk. Additionally, we show that in HCMV, strain TB40E, infected HUVEC the surface expression of CXCR4 is strongly downregulated, whereas in TB40E-delUS28 infected cells, CXCR4 surface expression is not altered in particular at late time points of infection. Conclusions We show that the vGPCR US28 is leading to severely disturbed signaling and surface expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 thereby representing an effective mechanism used by vGPCRs to reprogram host cell signaling. In contrast to other studies, we demonstrate that these effects are not mediated via heteromerization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-016-0154-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Frank
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Reichel
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olav Larsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Charlotte Stilp
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Present Address: NanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Floessergasse 4, 81069, Munich, Germany.
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Lamm CE, Scherer M, Reuter N, Amin B, Stamminger T, Sonnewald U. Human promyelocytic leukemia protein is targeted to distinct subnuclear domains in plant nuclei and colocalizes with nucleolar constituents in a SUMO-dependent manner. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1141-1154. [PMID: 27833854 PMCID: PMC5095151 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic nuclei are subdivided into subnuclear structures. Among the most prominent of these structures are the nucleolus and the PML nuclear bodies (PML‐NBs). PML‐NBs are spherical multiprotein aggregates of varying size localized in the interchromosomal area. PML‐NB formation is dependent on the presence of the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) as well as on post‐translational modification of core components by covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO). So far, PML‐NBs as well as PML have been described in mammalian cells only, whereas no orthologs are known in the plant kingdom. In order to investigate conserved mechanisms in PML targeting, we expressed human PML (hPML) fused to the GFP in Nicotiana benthamiana. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometric analysis, we found the fusion protein in association with nucleolar constituents. Importantly, mutants of hPML, which are no longer SUMOylated, showed altered localizations, implying SUMO‐dependent targeting of hPML in plants as has previously been shown for mammalian cells. Interestingly, in the presence of proteasome inhibitors, hPML could also be found in the nucleolus of mammalian cells suggesting conserved targeting mechanisms of PML across kingdoms. Finally, Solanum tuberosum COP1, a proposed PML‐like protein from plants, was fused to the red fluorescent protein (RFP) and coexpressed with hPML::eGFP. Microscopic analysis confirmed the localization of COP1::RFP in nuclear speckles. However, hPML::eGFP did not colocalize with COP1::RFP. Hence, we conclude that plants do not possess specialized PML‐NBs, but that their functions may be covered by other subnuclear structures like the nucleolus. Database Proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the identifier PXD004254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Lamm
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Biology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
| | - Nina Reuter
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
| | - Bushra Amin
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Biology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany; Present address: Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry Department of Biology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
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Zurnic I, Hütter S, Lehmann U, Stanke N, Reh J, Kern T, Lindel F, Gerresheim G, Hamann M, Müllers E, Lesbats P, Cherepanov P, Serrao E, Engelman A, Lindemann D, Da Silva Santos C, Tartour K, Cimarelli A, Burdick R, Chen J, Sastri J, Hu WS, Pathak V, Keppler OT, Pradeau K, Eiler S, Levy N, Lennon S, Cianferani S, Emiliani S, Ruff M, Parissi V, Rato S, Rausell A, Munoz M, Telenti A, Ciuffi A, Zhyvoloup A, Melamed A, Anderson I, Planas D, Kriston-Vizi J, Ketteler R, Lee CH, Merritt A, Ancuta P, Bangham C, Fassati A, Rodari A, Van Driessche B, Galais M, Delacourt N, Fauquenoy S, Vanhulle C, Kula A, Burny A, Rohr O, Van Lint C, van Montfort T, van der Sluis R, Speijer D, Berkhout B, Meng B, Rutkowski A, Berry N, Dölken L, Lever A, Schuster T, Asbach B, Wagner R, Gross C, Wiesmann V, Kalmer M, Wittenberg T, Gettemans J, Thoma-Kress AK, Li M, Freed EO, Liu SL, Müller J, Münch J, Sewald X, Uchil P, Ladinsky M, Beloor J, Pi R, Herrmann C, Motamedi N, Murooka T, Brehm M, Greiner D, Mempel T, Bjorkman P, Kumar P, Mothes W, Joas S, Parrish E, Gnanadurai CW, Lump E, Stürzel CM, Parrish NF, Sauermann U, Töpfer K, Schultheiss T, Bosinger S, Silvestri G, Apetrei C, Huot N, Müller-Trutwin M, Sauter D, Hahn BH, Stahl-Hennig C, Kirchhoff F, Schumann G, Jung-Klawitter S, Fuchs NV, Upton KR, Muñoz-Lopez M, Shukla R, Wang J, Garcia-Canadas M, Lopez-Ruiz C, Gerhardt DJ, Sebe A, Grabundzija I, Gerdes P, Merkert S, Pulgarin A, Bock A, Held U, Witthuhn A, Haase A, Wolvetang EJ, Martin U, Ivics Z, Izsvák Z, Garcia-Perez J, Faulkner GJ, Hurst T, Katzourakis A, Magiorkinis G, Schott K, Derua R, Seifried J, Reuter A, Schmitz H, Tondera C, Brandariz-Nuñez A, Diaz-Griffero F, Janssens V, König R, Baldauf HM, Stegmann L, Schwarz SM, Trotard M, Martin M, Lenzi G, Burggraf M, Pan X, Fregoso OI, Lim ES, Abraham L, Erikson E, Nguyen L, Ambiel I, Rutsch F, Kim B, Emerman M, Fackler OT, Wittmann S, Behrendt R, Volkmann B, Eissmann K, Gramberg T, Bolduan S, Koppensteiner H, Regensburg S, Brack-Werner R, Draenert R, Schindler M, Ducroux A, Xu S, Ponnurangam A, Franz S, Malassa A, Ewald E, Goffinet C, Fung SY, Chan CP, Yuen CK, Kok KH, Chan CP, Jin DY, Dittmer U, Kmiec D, Iyer S, Stürzel C, Hahn B, Ariumi Y, Yasuda-Inoue M, Kawano K, Tateishi S, Turelli P, Compton A, Roy N, Porrot F, Billet A, Casartelli N, Yount J, Liang C, Schwartz O, Magnus C, Reh L, Moore P, Uhr T, Weber J, Morris L, Trkola A, Grindberg RV, Schlaepfer E, Schreiber G, Simon V, Speck RF, Debyser Z, Vranckx L, Demeulemeester J, Saleh S, Verdin E, Cereseto A, Christ F, Gijsbers R, Wang G, Zhao N, Das AT, Köstler J, Perdiguero B, Esteban M, Jacobs BL, Montefiori DC, LaBranche CC, Yates NL, Tomaras GD, Ferrari G, Foulds KE, Roederer M, Landucci G, Forthal DN, Seaman MS, Hawkins N, Self SG, Phogat S, Tartaglia J, Barnett SW, Burke B, Cristillo AD, Ding S, Heeney JL, Pantaleo G, Stab V, Ensser A, Tippler B, Burton D, Tenbusch M, Überla K, Alter G, Lofano G, Dugast AS, Kulkarni V, Suscovich T, Opazo T, Barraza F, Herrera D, Garces A, Schwenke T, Tapia D, Cancino J, Arriagada G, Haußner C, Damm D, Rohrhofer A, Schmidt B, Eichler J, Midgley R, Wheeldon J, Piguet V, Khopkar P, Rohamare M, Kulkarni S, Godinho-Santos A, Hance A, Goncalves J, Mammano F, Gasser R, Hamoudi M, Pellicciotta M, Zhou Z, Visdeloup C, Colin P, Braibant M, Lagane B, Negroni M, Wamara J, Bannert N, Mesplede T, Osman N, Anstett K, Liang JC, Pham HT, Wainberg M, Shao W, Shan J, Kearney M, Wu X, Maldarelli F, Mellors J, Luke B, Coffin J, Hughes S, Fricke T, Opp S, Shepard C, Ivanov D, Valle-Casuso J, Kanja M, Cappy P, Negroni M, Lener D, Knyazhanskaya E, Anisenko A, Zatsepin T, Gottikh M, Komkov A, Minervina A, Nugmanov G, Nazarov V, Khodosevich K, Mamedov I, Lebedev Y, Colomer-Lluch M, Serra-Moreno R, Sarracino A, Gharu L, Pasternak A, Marcello A, McCartin AM, Kulkarni A, Le Douce V, Gautier V, Baeyens A, Naessens E, Van Nuffel A, Weening K, Reilly AM, Claeys E, Trypsteen W, Vandekerckhove L, Eyckerman S, Gevaert K, Verhasselt B, Mok HP, Norton N, Fun A, Hirst J, Wills M, Miklik D, Senigl F, Hejnar J, Sakuragi JI, Sakuragi S, Yokoyama M, Shioda T, Sato H, Bodem J, Moschall R, Denk S, Erkelenz S, Schenk C, Schaal H, Donhauser N, Socher E, Millen S, Sticht H, Gross C, Mann M, Wei G, Betts MJ, Liu Y, Kehl T, Russell RB, Löchelt M, Hohn O, Mostafa S, Hanke K, Norley S, Chen CY, Shingai M, Borrego P, Taveira N, Strebel K, Hellmund C, Meng B, Friedrich M, Hahn F, Setz C, Rauch P, Fraedrich K, Matthaei A, Henklein P, Traxdorf M, Fossen T, Schubert U, Khwaja A, Galilee M, Alian A, Schwalbe B, Hauser H, Schreiber M, Scherpenisse M, Cho YK, Kim J, Jeong D, Trejbalova K, Benesova M, Kucerova D, Vernerova Z, Amouroux R, Hajkova P, Elleder D, Hron T, Farkasova H, Padhi A, Paces J, Zhu H, Gifford R, Murcia P, Carrozza ML, Niewiadomska AM, Mazzei M, Abi-Said M, Hughes J, Hué S, Gifford R, Obasa A, Jacobs G, Engelbrecht S, Mack K, Starz K, Geyer M, Bibollet-Ruche F, Stürzel C, Leoz M, Plantier JC, Argaw-Denboba A, Balestrieri E, Serafino A, Bucci I, Cipriani C, Spadafora C, Sinibaldi-Vallebona P, Matteucci C, Jayashree SN, Neogi U, Chhangani AK, Rathore SS, Mathur BRJ, Abati A, Koç BT, Oğuzoğlu TÇ, Shimauchi T, Caucheteux S, Turpin J, Finsterbusch K, Tokura Y, Souriant S, Balboa L, Pingris K, Kviatcowsky D, Raynaud-Messina B, Cougoule C, Mercier I, Kuroda M, González-Montaner P, Inwentarz S, Moraña EJ, del Carmen Sasiain M, Neyrolles O, Maridonneau-Parini I, Lugo-Villarino G, Vérollet C, Herrmann A, Thomas D, Bouzas NF, Lahaye X, Bhargava A, Satoh T, Gentili M, Cerboni S, Silvin A, Conrad C, Ahmed-Belkacem H, Rodriguez EC, Guichou JF, Bosquet N, Piel M, Le Grand R, King M, Pawlotsky JM, Manel N, Hofmann H, Vanwalscappel B, Bloch N, Landau N, Indik S, Hagen B, Valle-Casuso JC, Allouch A, David A, Barré-Sinoussi F, Benkirane M, Pancino G, Saez-Cirion A, Lee WY, Sloan R, Schulte B, Opp S, Blomberg J, Vargiu L, Rodriguez-Tomé P, Tramontano E, Sperber G, Kumari N, Ammosova T, Diaz S, Oneal P, Nekhai S, Fahrny A, Gers-Huber G, Audigé A, Jayaprakash A, Sachidanandam R, Hernandez M, Dillon-White M, Souriant S, Pingris K, Raynaud-Messina B, Cougoule C, Mercier I, Neyrolles O, Maridonneau-Parini I, Lugo-Villarino G, Maze E, Ham C, Almond N, Towers G, Belshaw R, de Sousa-Pereira P, Abrantes J, Pizzato M, Esteves PJ, Kahle T, Schmitt S, Merkel L, Reuter N, Stamminger T, Rosa ID, Bishop K, Spinazzola A, Groom H, Vieyres G, Müsken M, Zillinger T, Hornung V, Barchet W, Häussler S, Pietschmann T, Javed A, Leuchte N, Salinas G, Opitz L, Sopper S, Mummert C, Hofmann C, Hückelhoven AG, Bergmann S, Müller-Schmucker SM, Harrer EG, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Harrer T, Cardinaux L, Zahno ML, Vogt HR, Zanoni R, Bertoni G, Muenchhoff M, Goulder P, Keppler O, Rebensburg S, Helfer M, Zhang Y, Chen H, Bernier A, Gosselin A, Routy JP, Wöhrl B, Schneider A, Corona A, Spöring I, Jordan M, Buchholz B, Maccioni E, Di Santo R, Schweimer K, Schölz C, Weinert B, Wagner S, Beli P, Miyake Y, Qi J, Jensen L, Streicher W, McCarthy A, Westwood N, Lain S, Cox J, Matthias P, Mann M, Bradner J, Choudhary C, Stern M, Valletta E, Frezza C, Marino-Merlo F, Grelli S, Serafino AL, Mastino A, Macchi B, Kaulfuß M, Windmann S, Bayer W, Mikasi S, Jacobs G, Heß R, Bonsmann MSG, Kirschning C, Lepenies B, Kolenbrander A, Temchura V, Iijima K, Kobayashi J, Ishizaka Y. Proceedings of the Frontiers of Retrovirology Conference 2016. Retrovirology 2016. [PMCID: PMC5046194 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral presentations Session 1: Entry & uncoating O1 Host cell polo-like kinases (PLKs) promote early prototype foamy virus (PFV) replication Irena Zurnic, Sylvia Hütter, Ute Lehmann, Nicole Stanke, Juliane Reh, Tobias Kern, Fabian Lindel, Gesche Gerresheim, Martin Hamann, Erik Müllers, Paul Lesbats, Peter Cherepanov, Erik Serrao, Alan Engelman, Dirk Lindemann O2 A novel entry/uncoating assay reveals the presence of at least two species of viral capsids during synchronized HIV-1 infection Claire Da Silva Santos, Kevin Tartour, Andrea Cimarelli O3 Dynamics of nuclear envelope association and nuclear import of HIV-1 complexes Rya Burdick, Jianbo Chen, Jaya Sastri, Wei-Shau Hu, Vinay Pathak O4 Human papillomavirus protein E4 potently enhances the susceptibility to HIV infection Oliver T. Keppler Session 2: Reverse transcription & integration O5 Structure and function of HIV-1 integrase post translational modifications Karine Pradeau, Sylvia Eiler, Nicolas Levy, Sarah Lennon, Sarah Cianferani, Stéphane Emiliani, Marc Ruff O6 Regulation of retroviral integration by RNA polymerase II associated factors and chromatin structure Vincent Parissi Session 3: Transcription and latency O7 A novel single-cell analysis pipeline to identify specific biomarkers of HIV permissiveness Sylvie Rato, Antonio Rausell, Miguel Munoz, Amalio Telenti, Angela Ciuffi O8 A capsid-dependent integration program linking T cell activation to HIV-1 gene expression Alexander Zhyvoloup, Anat Melamed, Ian Anderson, Delphine Planas, Janos Kriston-Vizi, Robin Ketteler, Chen-Hsuin Lee, Andy Merritt, Petronela Ancuta, Charles Bangham, Ariberto Fassati O9 Characterisation of new RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase II transcriptional promoters in the Bovine Leukemia Virus genome Anthony Rodari, Benoit Van Driessche, Mathilde Galais, Nadége Delacourt, Sylvain Fauquenoy, Caroline Vanhulle, Anna Kula, Arsène Burny, Olivier Rohr, Carine Van Lint O10 Tissue-specific dendritic cells differentially modulate latent HIV-1 reservoirs Thijs van Montfort, Renee van der Sluis, Dave Speijer, Ben Berkhout Session 4: RNA trafficking & packaging O11 A novel cis-acting element affecting HIV replication Bo Meng, Andrzej Rutkowski, Neil Berry, Lars Dölken, Andrew Lever O12 Tolerance of HIV’s late gene expression towards stepwise codon adaptation Thomas Schuster, Benedikt Asbach, Ralf Wagner Session 5: Assembly & release O13 Importance of the tax-inducible actin-bundling protein fascin for transmission of human T cell leukemia virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Christine Gross, Veit Wiesmann, Martina Kalmer, Thomas Wittenberg, Jan Gettemans, Andrea K. Thoma-Kress O14 Lentiviral nef proteins antagonize TIM-mediated inhibition of viral release Minghua Li, Eric O. Freed, Shan-Lu Liu Session 6: Pathogenesis & evolution O15 SEVI and semen prolong the half-life of HIV-1 Janis Müller, Jan Münch O16 CD169+ macrophages mediate retrovirus trans-infection of permissive lymphocytes to establish infection in vivo Xaver Sewald, Pradeep Uchil, Mark Ladinsky, Jagadish Beloor, Ruoxi Pi, Christin Herrmann, Nasim Motamedi, Thomas Murooka, Michael Brehm, Dale Greiner, Thorsten Mempel, Pamela Bjorkman, Priti Kumar, Walther Mothes O17 Efficient replication of a vpu containing SIVagm construct in African Green Monkeys requires an HIV-1 nef gene Simone Joas, Erica Parrish, Clement Wesley Gnanadurai, Edina Lump, Christina M. Stürzel, Nicholas F. Parrish, Ulrike Sauermann, Katharina Töpfer, Tina Schultheiss, Steven Bosinger, Guido Silvestri, Cristian Apetrei, Nicholas Huot, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Daniel Sauter, Beatrice H. Hahn, Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Frank Kirchhoff O18 Reprogramming initiates mobilization of endogenous mutagenic LINE-1, Alu and SVA retrotransposons in human induced pluripotent stem cells with consequences for host gene expression Gerald Schumann, Sabine Jung-Klawitter, Nina V. Fuchs, Kyle R. Upton, Martin Muñoz-Lopez, Ruchi Shukla, Jichang Wang, Marta Garcia-Canadas, Cesar Lopez-Ruiz, Daniel J. Gerhardt, Attila Sebe, Ivana Grabundzija, Patricia Gerdes, Sylvia Merkert, Andres Pulgarin, Anja Bock, Ulrike Held, Anett Witthuhn, Alexandra Haase, Ernst J. Wolvetang, Ulrich Martin, Zoltán Ivics, Zsuzsanna Izsvák, J. Garcia-Perez, Geoffrey J. Faulkner O19 NF-κB activation induces expression of human endogenous retrovirus and particle production Tara Hurst, Aris Katzourakis, Gkikas Magiorkinis Session 7a and b: Innate sensing & intrinsic immunity O20 Identification of the phosphatase acting on T592 in SAMHD1 during M/G1 transition Kerstin Schott, Rita Derua, Janna Seifried, Andreas Reuter, Heike Schmitz, Christiane Tondera, Alberto Brandariz-Nuñez, Felipe Diaz-Griffero, Veerle Janssens, Renate König O21 Vpx overcomes a SAMHD1-independent block to HIV reverse transcription that is specific to resting CD4 T cells Hanna-Mari Baldauf, Lena Stegmann, Sarah-Marie Schwarz, Maud Trotard, Margarethe Martin, Gina Lenzi, Manja Burggraf, Xiaoyu Pan, Oliver I. Fregoso, Efrem S. Lim, Libin Abraham, Elina Erikson, Laura Nguyen, Ina Ambiel, Frank Rutsch, Renate König, Baek Kim, Michael Emerman, Oliver T. Fackler, Oliver T. Keppler O22 The role of SAMHD1 in antiviral restriction and immune sensing in the mouse Sabine Wittmann, Rayk Behrendt, Bianca Volkmann, Kristin Eissmann, Thomas Gramberg O23 T cells expressing reduced restriction factors are preferentially infected in therapy naïve HIV-1 patients Sebastian Bolduan, Herwig Koppensteiner, Stefanie Regensburg, Ruth Brack-Werner, Rika Draenert, Michael Schindler O24 cGAS-mediated innate immunity spreads through HIV-1 env-induced membrane fusion sites from infected to uninfected primary HIV-1 target cells Aurélie Ducroux, Shuting Xu, Aparna Ponnurangam, Sergej Franz, Angelina Malassa, Ellen Ewald, Christine Goffinet O25 Perturbation of innate RNA and DNA sensing by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 oncoproteins Sin-Yee Fung, Ching-Ping Chan, Chun-Kit Yuen, Kin-Hang Kok, Chin-Ping Chan, Dong-Yan Jin O26 Induction and anti-viral activity of Interferon α subtypes in HIV-1 infection Ulf Dittmer O27 Vpu-mediated counteraction of tetherin is a major determinant of HIV-1 interferon resistance Dorota Kmiec, Shilpa Iyer, Christina Stürzel, Daniel Sauter, Beatrice Hahn, Frank Kirchhoff O28 DNA repair protein Rad18 restricts HIV-1 and LINE-1 life cycle Yasuo Ariumi, Mariko Yasuda-Inoue, Koudai Kawano, Satoshi Tateishi, Priscilla Turelli O29 Natural mutations in IFITM3 allow escape from post-translational regulation and toggle antiviral specificity Alex Compton, Nicolas Roy, Françoise Porrot, Anne Billet, Nicoletta Casartelli, Jacob Yount, Chen Liang, Oliver Schwartz Session 8: Adaptive immunity & immune evasion O30 Observing evolution in HIV-1 infection: phylogenetics and mutant selection windows to infer the influence of the autologous antibody response on the viral quasispecies Carsten Magnus, Lucia Reh, Penny Moore, Therese Uhr, Jacqueline Weber, Lynn Morris, Alexandra Trkola O31 Dose and subtype specific analyses of the anti-HIV effects of IFN-alpha family members Rashel V. Grindberg, Erika Schlaepfer, Gideon Schreiber, Viviana Simon, Roberto F. Speck Session 9: Novel antiviral strategies O32 LEDGIN-mediated inhibition of the integrase-LEDGF/p75 interaction reduces reactivation of residual latent HIV Zeger Debyser, Lenard Vranckx, Jonas Demeulemeester, Suha Saleh, Eric Verdin, Anna Cereseto, Frauke Christ, Rik Gijsbers O33 NKG2D-mediated clearance of reactivated viral reservoirs by natural killer cells O34 Inhibition of HIV reactivation in brain cells by AAV-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 O35 CRISPR-Cas9 as antiviral: potent HIV-1 inhibition, but rapid virus escape and the subsequent design of escape-proof antiviral strategies Ben Berkhout, Gang Wang, Na Zhao, Atze T. Das Session 10: Recent advances in HIV vaccine development O36 Priming with a potent HIV-1 DNA vaccine frames the quality of T cell and antibody responses prior to a poxvirus and protein boost Benedikt Asbach, Josef Köstler, Beatriz Perdiguero, Mariano Esteban, Bertram L. Jacobs, David C. Montefiori, Celia C. LaBranche, Nicole L. Yates, Georgia D. Tomaras, Guido Ferrari, Kathryn E. Foulds, Mario Roederer, Gary Landucci, Donald N. Forthal, Michael S. Seaman, Natalie Hawkins, Steven G. Self, Sanjay Phogat, James Tartaglia, Susan W. Barnett, Brian Burke, Anthony D. Cristillo, Song Ding, Jonathan L. Heeney, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Ralf Wagner O37 Passive immunisation with a neutralising antibody against HIV-1 Env prevents infection of the first cells in a mucosal challenge rhesus monkey model Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Viktoria Stab, Armin Ensser, Ulrike Sauermann, Bettina Tippler, Dennis Burton, Matthias Tenbusch, Klaus Überla O38 HIV antibody Fc-glycoforms drive B cell affinity maturation Galit Alter, Giuseppe Lofano, Anne-Sophie Dugast, Viraj Kulkarni, Todd Suscovich Poster presentations Topic 1: Entry & uncoating P1 Dynein light chain is required for murine leukemia virus infection Tatiana Opazo, Felipe Barraza, Diego Herrera, Andrea Garces, Tomas Schwenke, Diego Tapia, Jorge Cancino, Gloria Arriagada P2 Peptide paratope mimics of the broadly neutralising HIV-1 antibody b12 Christina Haußner, Dominik Damm, Anette Rohrhofer, Barbara Schmidt, Jutta Eichler P3 Investigating cellular pathways involved in the transmission of HIV-1 between dendritic cells and T cells using RNAi screening techniques Rebecca Midgley, James Wheeldon, Vincent Piguet P4 Co-receptor tropism in HIV-1, HIV-2 monotypic and dual infections Priyanka Khopkar, Megha Rohamare, Smita Kulkarni P5 Characterisation of the role of CIB1 and CIB2 as HIV-1 helper factors Ana Godinho-Santos, Allan Hance, Joao Goncalves, Fabrizio Mammano P6 Buffering deleterious polymorphisms in the highly constrained C2 region of HIV-1 envelope by the flexible V3 domain Romain Gasser, Meriem Hamoudi, Martina Pellicciotta, Zhicheng Zhou, Clara Visdeloup, Philippe Colin, Martine Braibant, Bernard Lagane, Matteo Negroni P7 Entry inhibition of HERV-K(HML-2) by an Env-IgG fusion protein Jula Wamara, Norbert Bannert Topic 2: Reverse transcription & integration P8 The R263K/H51Y resistance substitutions in HIV integrase decreases levels of integrated HIV DNA over time Thibault Mesplede, Nathan Osman, Kaitlin Anstett, Jiaming Calvin Liang, Hanh Thi Pham, Mark Wainberg P9 The Retrovirus Integration Database (RID) Wei Shao, Jigui Shan, Mary Kearney, Xiaolin Wu, Frank Maldarelli, John Mellors, Brian Luke, John Coffin, Stephen Hughes P10 The small molecule 3G11 inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcription Thomas Fricke, Silvana Opp, Caitlin Shepard, Dmitri Ivanov, Baek Kim, Jose Valle-Casuso, Felipe Diaz-Griffero P11 Dual and opposite regulation of HIV-1 integration by hRAD51: impact on therapeutical approaches using homologous DNA repair modulators Vincent Parissi P12 A flexible motif essential for integration by HIV-1 integrase Marine Kanja, Pierre Cappy, Matteo Negroni, Daniela Lener P13 Interaction between HIV-1 integrase and the host protein Ku70: identification of the binding site and study of the influence on integrase-proteasome interplay Ekaterina Knyazhanskaya, Andrey Anisenko, Timofey Zatsepin, Marina Gottikh P14 Normalisation based method for deep sequencing of somatic retroelement integrations in human genome Alexander Komkov, Anastasia Minervina, Gaiaz Nugmanov, Vadim Nazarov, Konstantin Khodosevich, Ilgar Mamedov, Yuri Lebedev Topic 3: Transcription and latency P15 BCA2/RABRING7 restricts HIV-1 transcription by preventing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB Marta Colomer-Lluch, Ruth Serra-Moreno P16 MATR3 post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1 transcription during latency Ambra Sarracino, Anna Kula, Lavina Gharu, Alexander Pasternak, Carine Van Lint, Alessandro Marcello P17 HIV-1 tat intersects the SUMO pathway to regulate HIV-1 promoter activity Ann Marie McCartin, Anurag Kulkarni, Valentin Le Douce, Virginie Gautier P18 Conservation in HIV-1 Vpr guides tertiary gRNA folding and alternative splicing Ann Baeyens, Evelien Naessens, Anouk Van Nuffel, Karin Weening, Anne-Marie Reilly, Eva Claeys, Wim Trypsteen, Linos Vandekerckhove, Sven Eyckerman, Kris Gevaert, Bruno Verhasselt P19 The majority of reactivatable latent HIV are genetically distinct Hoi Ping Mok, Nicholas Norton, Axel Fun, Jack Hirst, Mark Wills, Andrew Lever P20 Do mutations in the tat exonic splice enhancer contribute to HIV-1 latency? Nicholas Norton, Hoi Ping Mok, Jack Hirst, Andrew Lever P21 Culture-to-Ct: A fast and direct RT-qPCR HIV gene reactivation screening method using primary T cell culture Valentin Le Douce, Ann Marie McCartin, Virginie Gautier P22 A novel approach to define populations of early silenced proviruses Dalibor Miklik, Filip Senigl, Jiri Hejnar Topic 4: RNA trafficking & packaging P23 Functional analysis of the structure and conformation of HIV-1 genome RNA DIS Jun-ichi Sakuragi, Sayuri Sakuragi, Masaru Yokoyama, Tatsuo Shioda, Hironori Sato P24 Regulation of foamy viral env splicing controls gag and pol expression Jochen Bodem, Rebecca Moschall, Sarah Denk, Steffen Erkelenz, Christian Schenk, Heiner Schaal Topic 5: Assembly & release P25 Transfer of HTLV-1 p8 to target T cells depends on VASP: a novel interaction partner of p8 Norbert Donhauser, Ellen Socher, Sebastian Millen, Heinrich Sticht, Andrea K. Thoma-Kress P26 COL4A1 and COL4A2 are novel HTLV-1 tax targets with a putative role in virus transmission Christine Gross, Sebastian Millen, Melanie Mann, Klaus Überla, Andrea K. Thoma-Kress P27 The C terminus of foamy virus gag protein is required for particle formation, and virus budding: starting assembly at the C terminus? Guochao Wei, Matthew J. Betts, Yang Liu, Timo Kehl, Robert B. Russell, Martin Löchelt P28 Generation of an antigen-capture ELISA and analysis of Rec and Staufen-1 effects on HERV-K(HML-2) virus particle production Oliver Hohn, Saeed Mostafa, Kirsten Hanke, Stephen Norley, Norbert Bannert P29 Antagonism of BST-2/tetherin is a conserved function of primary HIV-2 Env glycoproteins Chia-Yen Chen, Masashi Shingai, Pedro Borrego, Nuno Taveira, Klaus Strebel P30 Mutations in the packaging signal region of the HIV-1 genome cause a late domain mutant phenotype Chris Hellmund, Bo Meng, Andrew Lever P31 p6 regulates membrane association of HIV-1 gag Melanie Friedrich, Friedrich Hahn, Christian Setz, Pia Rauch, Kirsten Fraedrich, Alina Matthaei, Petra Henklein, Maximilian Traxdorf, Torgils Fossen, Ulrich Schubert Topic 6: Pathogenesis & evolution P32 Molecular and structural basis of protein evolution during viral adaptation Aya Khwaja, Meytal Galilee, Akram Alian P33 HIV-1 enhancement and neutralisation by soluble gp120 and its role for the selection of the R5-tropic “best fit” Birco Schwalbe, Heiko Hauser, Michael Schreiber P34 An insertion of seven amino acids in the Env cytoplasmic tail of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) selected during disease progression enhances viral replication François Dufrasne, Mara Lucchetti, Patrick Goubau, Jean Ruelle P35 Cell-associated HIV-1 unspliced to multiply spliced RNA ratio at 12 weeks ART correlates with markers of immune activation and apoptosis and predicts the CD4 T-cell count at 96 weeks ART Mirte Scherpenisse, Ben Berkhout, Alexander Pasternak P36 Faster progression in non-B subtype HIV-1-infected patients than Korean subclade of subtype B is accompanied by higher variation and no induction of gross deletion in non-B nef gene by Korean red ginseng treatment Young-Keol Cho, Jungeun Kim, Daeun Jeong P37 Aberrant expression of ERVWE1 endogenous retrovirus and overexpression of TET dioxygenases are characteristic features of seminoma Katerina Trejbalova, Martina Benesova, Dana Kucerova, Zdenka Vernerova, Rachel Amouroux, Petra Hajkova, Jiri Hejnar P38 Life history of the oldest lentivirus: characterisation of ELVgv integrations and the TRIM5 selection pattern in dermoptera Daniel Elleder, Tomas Hron, Helena Farkasova, Abinash Padhi, Jan Paces P39 Characterisation of a highly divergent endogenous retrovirus in the equine germ line Henan Zhu, Robert Gifford, Pablo Murcia P40 The emergence of pandemic retroviral infection in small ruminants Maria Luisa Carrozza, Anna-Maria Niewiadomska, Maurizio Mazzei, Mounir Abi-Said, Joseph Hughes, Stéphane Hué, Robert Gifford P41 Near full-length genome (NFLG) Characterisation of HIV-1 subtype B identified in South Africa Adetayo Obasa, Graeme Jacobs, Susan Engelbrecht P42 Acquisition of Vpu-mediated tetherin antagonism by an HIV-1 group O strain Katharina Mack, Kathrin Starz, Daniel Sauter, Matthias Geyer, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Christina Stürzel, Marie Leoz, Jean Christophe Plantier, Beatrice H. Hahn, Frank Kirchhoff P43 The human endogenous retrovirus type K is involved in cancer stem cell markers expression and in human melanoma malignancy Ayele Argaw-Denboba, Emanuela Balestrieri, Annalucia Serafino, Ilaria Bucci, Chiara Cipriani, Corrado Spadafora, Paolo Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Claudia Matteucci P44 Natural infection of Indian non-human primates by unique lentiviruses S. Nandi Jayashree, Ujjwal Neogi, Anil K. Chhangani, Shravan Sing Rathore, Bajrang R. J. Mathur P45 Free cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women receiving antiretroviral treatment in Nigeria Adeyemi Abati P46 Molecular evolutionary status of feline immunodeficiency virus in Turkey B. Taylan Koç, Tuba Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu Topic 7: Innate sensing & intrinsic immunity P47 Cell-to-cell contact with HTLV-1-infected T cells reduces dendritic cell immune functions and contributes to infection in trans. Takatoshi Shimauchi, Stephan Caucheteux, Jocelyn Turpin, Katja Finsterbusch, Charles Bangham, Yoshiki Tokura, Vincent Piguet P48 Deciphering the mechanisms of HIV-1 exacerbation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in monocytes/macrophages Shanti Souriant, Luciana Balboa, Karine Pingris, Denise Kviatcowsky, Brigitte Raynaud-Messina, Céline Cougoule, Ingrid Mercier, Marcelo Kuroda, Pablo González-Montaner, Sandra Inwentarz, Eduardo Jose Moraña, Maria del Carmen Sasiain, Olivier Neyrolles, Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini, Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino, Christel Vérollet P49 The SAMHD1-mediated inhibition of LINE-1 retroelements is regulated by phosphorylation Alexandra Herrmann, Sabine Wittmann, Caitlin Shepard, Dominique Thomas, Nerea Ferreirós Bouzas, Baek Kim, Thomas Gramberg P50 Activities of nuclear envelope protein SUN2 in HIV infection Xavier Lahaye, Anvita Bhargava, Takeshi Satoh, Matteo Gentili, Silvia Cerboni, Aymeric Silvin, Cécile Conrad, Hakim Ahmed-Belkacem, Elisa C. Rodriguez, Jean-François Guichou, Nathalie Bosquet, Matthieu Piel, Roger Le Grand, Megan King, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Nicolas Manel P51 Activation of TLR7/8 with a small molecule agonist induces a novel restriction to HIV-1 infection of monocytes Henning Hofmann, Benedicte Vanwalscappel, Nicolin Bloch, Nathaniel Landau P52 Steady state between the DNA polymerase and Rnase H domain activities of reverse transcriptases determines the sensitivity of retroviruses to inhibition by APOBEC3 proteins Stanislav Indik, Benedikt Hagen P53 HIV restriction in mature dendritic cells is related to p21 induction and p21-mediated control of the dNTP pool and SAMHD1 activity. José Carlos Valle-Casuso, Awatef Allouch, Annie David, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Michaela Müller-Trutwin, Monsef Benkirane, Gianfranco Pancino, Asier Saez-Cirion P54 IFITM protens restrict HIV-1 protein synthesis Wing-Yiu Lee, Chen Liang, Richard Sloan P55 Characterisation and functional analysis of the novel restriction factor Serinc5 Bianca Schulte, Silvana Opp, Felipe Diaz-Griffero P56 piRNA sequences are common in Human Endogenous Retroviral Sequences (HERVs): An antiretroviral restriction mechanism? Jonas Blomberg, Luana Vargiu, Patricia Rodriguez-Tomé, Enzo Tramontano, Göran Sperber P57 Ferroportin restricts HIV-1 infection in sickle cell disease Namita Kumari, Tatiana Ammosova, Sharmeen Diaz, Patricia Oneal, Sergei Nekhai P58 APOBEC3G modulates the response to antiretroviral drugs in humanized mice Audrey Fahrny, Gustavo Gers-Huber, Annette Audigé, Roberto F. Speck, Anitha Jayaprakash, Ravi Sachidanandam, Matt Hernandez, Marsha Dillon-White, Viviana Simon P59 High-throughput epigenetic analysis of evolutionarily young endogenous retrovirus presents in the mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) genome Tomas Hron, Helena Farkasova, Daniel Elleder P60 Characterisation of the expression of novel endogenous retroviruses and immune interactions in a macaque model Neil Berry, Emmanuel Maze, Claire Ham, Neil Almond, Greg Towers, Robert Belshaw P61 HIV-1 restriction by orthologs of SERINC3 and SERINC5 Patrícia de Sousa-Pereira, Joana Abrantes, Massimo Pizzato, Pedro J. Esteves, Oliver T. Fackler, Oliver T. Keppler, Hanna-Mari Baldauf P62 TRIM19/PML restricts HIV infection in a cell type-dependent manner Bianca Volkmann, Tanja Kahle, Kristin Eissmann, Alexandra Herrmann, Sven Schmitt, Sabine Wittmann, Laura Merkel, Nina Reuter, Thomas Stamminger, Thomas Gramberg P63 Recent invasion of the mule deer genome by a retrovirus Helena Farkasova, Tomas Hron, Daniel Elleder P64 Does the antiviral protein SAMHD1 influence mitochondrial function? Ilaria Dalla Rosa, Kate Bishop, Antonella Spinazzola, Harriet Groom P65 cGAMP transfers intercellularly via HIV-1 Env-mediated cell–cell fusion sites and triggers an innate immune response in primary target cells Shuting Xu, Aurélie Ducroux, Aparna Ponnurangam, Sergej Franz, Gabrielle Vieyres, Mathias Müsken, Thomas Zillinger, Angelina Malassa, Ellen Ewald, Veit Hornung, Winfried Barchet, Susanne Häussler, Thomas Pietschmann, Christine Goffinet P66 Pre-infection transcript levels of FAM26F in PBMCS inform about overall plasma viral load in acute and postacute phase after SIV-infection Ulrike Sauermann, Aneela Javed, Nicole Leuchte, Gabriela Salinas, Lennart Opitz, Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Sieghart Sopper P67 Sequence-function analysis of three T cell receptors targeting the HIV-1 p17 epitope SLYNTVATL Christiane Mummert, Christian Hofmann, Angela G. Hückelhoven, Silke Bergmann, Sandra M. Müller-Schmucker, Ellen G. Harrer, Jan Dörrie, Niels Schaft, Thomas Harrer P68 An immunodominant region of the envelope glycoprotein of small ruminant lentiviruses may function as decoy antigen Laure Cardinaux, M.-L. Zahno, H.-R. Vogt, R. Zanoni, G. Bertoni P69 Impact of immune activation, immune exhaustion, broadly neutralising antibodies and viral reservoirs on disease progression in HIV-infected children Maximilian Muenchhoff, Philip Goulder, Oliver Keppler Topic 9: Novel antiviral strategies P70 Identification of natural compounds as new antiviral products by bioassay-guided fractionation Alexandra Herrmann, Stephanie Rebensburg, Markus Helfer, Michael Schindler, Ruth Brack-Werner P71 The PPARG antagonism disconnects the HIV replication and effector functions in Th17 cells Yuwei Zhang, Huicheng Chen, Delphine Planas, Annie Bernier, Annie Gosselin, Jean-Pierre Routy, Petronela Ancuta P72 Characterisation of a multiresistant subtype AG reverse transcriptase: AZT resistance, sensitivity to RNase H inhibitors and inhibitor binding Birgitta Wöhrl, Anna Schneider, Angela Corona, Imke Spöring, Mareike Jordan, Bernd Buchholz, Elias Maccioni, Roberto Di Santo, Jochen Bodem, Enzo Tramontano, Kristian Schweimer P73 Insigths into the acetylation pattern of HDAC inhibitors and their potential role in HIV therapy Christian Schölz, Brian Weinert, Sebastian Wagner, Petra Beli, Yasuyuki Miyake, Jun Qi, Lars Jensen, Werner Streicher, Anna McCarthy, Nicholas Westwood, Sonia Lain, Jürgen Cox, Patrick Matthias, Matthias Mann, James Bradner, Chunaram Choudhary P74 HPV-derived and seminal amyloid peptides enhance HIV-1 infection and impair the efficacy of broadly neutralising antibodies and antiretroviral drugs Marcel Stern, Oliver T. Keppler P75 D(−)lentiginosine inhibits both proliferation and virus expression in cells infected by HTLV-1 in vitro Elena Valletta, Caterina Frezza, Claudia Matteucci, Francesca Marino-Merlo, Sandro Grelli, Anna Lucia Serafino, Antonio Mastino, Beatrice Macchi P76 HIV-1 resistance analyses of the Cape Winelands districts, South Africa Sello Mikasi, Graeme Jacobs, Susan Engelbrecht Topic 10: Recent advances in HIV vaccine development P77 Induction of complex retrovirus antigen-specific immune responses by adenovirus-based vectors depends on the order of vector administration Meike Kaulfuß, Sonja Windmann, Wibke Bayer P78 Direct impact of structural properties of HIV-1 Env on the regulation of the humoral immune response Rebecca Heß, Michael Storcksdieck gen. Bonsmann, Viktoria Stab, Carsten Kirschning, Bernd Lepenies, Matthias Tenbusch, Klaus Überla P79 Lentiviral virus-like particles mediate gerenration of T-follicular helper cells in vitro Anne Kolenbrander, Klaus Überla, Vladimir Temchura P80 Recruitment of HIV-1 Vpr to DNA damage sites and protection of proviral DNA from nuclease activity Kenta Iijima, Junya Kobayashi, Yukihito Ishizaka
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Kim YJ, Kim ET, Kim YE, Lee MK, Kwon KM, Kim KI, Stamminger T, Ahn JH. Consecutive Inhibition of ISG15 Expression and ISGylation by Cytomegalovirus Regulators. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005850. [PMID: 27564865 PMCID: PMC5001722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes an ubiquitin-like protein that covalently conjugates protein. Protein modification by ISG15 (ISGylation) is known to inhibit the replication of many viruses. However, studies on the viral targets and viral strategies to regulate ISGylation-mediated antiviral responses are limited. In this study, we show that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication is inhibited by ISGylation, but the virus has evolved multiple countermeasures. HCMV-induced ISG15 expression was mitigated by IE1, a viral inhibitor of interferon signaling, however, ISGylation was still strongly upregulated during virus infection. RNA interference of UBE1L (E1), UbcH8 (E2), Herc5 (E3), and UBP43 (ISG15 protease) revealed that ISGylation inhibits HCMV growth by downregulating viral gene expression and virion release in a manner that is more prominent at low multiplicity of infection. A viral regulator pUL26 was found to interact with ISG15, UBE1L, and Herc5, and be ISGylated. ISGylation of pUL26 regulated its stability and inhibited its activities to suppress NF-κB signaling and complement the growth of UL26-null mutant virus. Moreover, pUL26 reciprocally suppressed virus-induced ISGylation independent of its own ISGylation. Consistently, ISGylation was more pronounced in infections with the UL26-deleted mutant virus, whose growth was more sensitive to IFNβ treatment than that of the wild-type virus. Therefore, pUL26 is a viral ISG15 target that also counteracts ISGylation. Our results demonstrate that ISGylation inhibits HCMV growth at multiple steps and that HCMV has evolved countermeasures to suppress ISG15 transcription and protein ISGylation, highlighting the importance of the interplay between virus and ISGylation in productive viral infection. Type I IFN response is a front-line defense against virus infection. Activation of type I IFN signaling leads to expression of a subset of cellular proteins encoded by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). ISG15 encodes an ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently conjugated to protein lysine residues. ISG15 modification (ISGylation) of a protein causes changes of protein function. ISGylation is known to inhibit the replication of many viruses, although pro-viral effects of ISGylation are also reported. Given that ISG15 and the enzymes involved in ISGylation are strongly induced upon virus infection, understanding the interplay between virus and ISGylation is an important issue in virus-host interaction. Nevertheless, viral substrates of ISG15 and viral strategies to regulate ISGylation-mediated antiviral responses are limited to only a few examples. In this study we demonstrate that ISGylation suppresses human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection but the virus is armed with countermeasures that consecutively reduce ISG15 transcription and protein ISGylation. Interestingly, a viral ISG15 target is found to inhibit ISGylation. This study highlights that ISGylation is a critical innate immune response against HCMV infection and interfering with ISG15-mediated anti-viral immunity is critical for productive viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eui Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Mun Kwon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Il Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossgarten, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jin-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Cloarec R, Bauer S, Luche H, Buhler E, Pallesi-Pocachard E, Salmi M, Courtens S, Massacrier A, Grenot P, Teissier N, Watrin F, Schaller F, Adle-Biassette H, Gressens P, Malissen M, Stamminger T, Streblow DN, Bruneau N, Szepetowski P. Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Rat Developing Brain In Utero Prominently Targets Immune Cells and Promotes Early Microglial Activation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160176. [PMID: 27472761 PMCID: PMC4966896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital cytomegalovirus infections are a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disorders in human and represent a major health care and socio-economical burden. In contrast with this medical importance, the pathophysiological events remain poorly known. Murine models of brain cytomegalovirus infection, mostly neonatal, have brought recent insights into the possible pathogenesis, with convergent evidence for the alteration and possible involvement of brain immune cells. Objectives and Methods In order to confirm and expand those findings, particularly concerning the early developmental stages following infection of the fetal brain, we have created a model of in utero cytomegalovirus infection in the developing rat brain. Rat cytomegalovirus was injected intraventricularly at embryonic day 15 (E15) and the brains analyzed at various stages until the first postnatal day, using a combination of gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry and multicolor flow cytometry experiments. Results Rat cytomegalovirus infection was increasingly seen in various brain areas including the choroid plexi and the ventricular and subventricular areas and was prominently detected in CD45low/int, CD11b+ microglial cells, in CD45high, CD11b+ cells of the myeloid lineage including macrophages, and in CD45+, CD11b– lymphocytes and non-B non-T cells. In parallel, rat cytomegalovirus infection of the developing rat brain rapidly triggered a cascade of pathophysiological events comprising: chemokines upregulation, including CCL2-4, 7 and 12; infiltration by peripheral cells including B-cells and monocytes at E17 and P1, and T-cells at P1; and microglia activation at E17 and P1. Conclusion In line with previous findings in neonatal murine models and in human specimen, our study further suggests that neuroimmune alterations might play critical roles in the early stages following cytomegalovirus infection of the brain in utero. Further studies are now needed to determine which role, whether favorable or detrimental, those putative double-edge swords events actually play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Cloarec
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvian Bauer
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Luche
- CIPHE (Centre d'Immunophénomique), PHENOMIN, UM2 Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- INSERM US012, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMS3367, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- PPGI platform, INMED, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Pallesi-Pocachard
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- PBMC platform, INMED, Marseille, France
| | - Manal Salmi
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Courtens
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Annick Massacrier
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Grenot
- CIPHE (Centre d'Immunophénomique), PHENOMIN, UM2 Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMS3367, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Teissier
- INSERM, U1141, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Schaller
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- PPGI platform, INMED, Marseille, France
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- INSERM, U1141, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- INSERM, U1141, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- CIPHE (Centre d'Immunophénomique), PHENOMIN, UM2 Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- INSERM US012, Marseille, France
- CNRS UMS3367, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nadine Bruneau
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (NB); (PS)
| | - Pierre Szepetowski
- INSERM U901, Marseille, France
- Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), Marseille, France
- UMR_S901, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (NB); (PS)
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Zheng Y, Stamminger T, Hearing P. E2F/Rb Family Proteins Mediate Interferon Induced Repression of Adenovirus Immediate Early Transcription to Promote Persistent Viral Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005415. [PMID: 26809031 PMCID: PMC4726734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that have pleiotropic effects and play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. IFNs have broad antiviral properties and function by different mechanisms. IFNs fail to inhibit wild-type Adenovirus (Ad) replication in established cancer cell lines. In this study, we analyzed the effects of IFNs on Ad replication in normal human cells. Our data demonstrate that both IFNα and IFNγ blocked wild-type Ad5 replication in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEC) and TERT-immortalized normal human diploid fibroblasts (HDF-TERT). IFNs inhibited the replication of divergent adenoviruses. The inhibition of Ad5 replication by IFNα and IFNγ is the consequence of repression of transcription of the E1A immediate early gene product. Both IFNα and IFNγ impede the association of the transactivator GABP with the E1A enhancer region during the early phase of infection. The repression of E1A expression by IFNs requires a conserved E2F binding site in the E1A enhancer, and IFNs increased the enrichment of the E2F-associated pocket proteins, Rb and p107, at the E1A enhancer in vivo. PD0332991 (Pabociclib), a specific CDK4/6 inhibitor, dephosphoryles pocket proteins to promote their interaction with E2Fs and inhibited wild-type Ad5 replication dependent on the conserved E2F binding site. Consistent with this result, expression of the small E1A oncoprotein, which abrogates E2F/pocket protein interactions, rescued Ad replication in the presence of IFNα or IFNγ. Finally, we established a persistent Ad infection model in vitro and demonstrated that IFNγ suppresses productive Ad replication in a manner dependent on the E2F binding site in the E1A enhancer. This is the first study that probes the molecular basis of persistent adenovirus infection and reveals a novel mechanism by which adenoviruses utilize IFN signaling to suppress lytic virus replication and to promote persistent infection. Interferons play important roles in both innate and adaptive immunity, and have broad antiviral properties. We demonstrate that type I (IFNα) and type II (IFNγ) IFNs inhibit the replication of divergent adenoviruses via an evolutionally conserved E2F binding site. IFNs augment the association of the tumor suppressors Rb and p107 with the E1A enhancer region in vivo to repress viral immediate early transcription. By comparing the properties of wild type and E2F site mutant viruses, we show that the IFN–E2F/Rb axis is critical for restriction of adenovirus replication to promote persistent viral infection. Relief of E2F/Rb repression counteracts IFN signaling whereas enforcement of E2F/Rb interaction mimics IFN signaling. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which adenoviruses utilize IFN signaling to suppress lytic virus replication and promote persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Zheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Hearing
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Scherer M, Wagenknecht N, Reuter N, Stamminger T. Silencing of Human Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression Mediated by Components of PML Nuclear Bodies. Epigenetics - A Different Way of Looking at Genetics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27186-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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