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Sun CW, Yang J, Kleschyov AL, Zhuge Z, Carlström M, Pernow J, Wajih N, Isbell TS, Oh JY, Cabrales P, Tsai AG, Townes T, Kim-Shapiro DB, Patel RP, Lundberg JO. Hemoglobin β93 Cysteine Is Not Required for Export of Nitric Oxide Bioactivity From the Red Blood Cell. Circulation 2019; 139:2654-2663. [PMID: 30905171 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.039284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosation of a conserved cysteine residue at position 93 in the hemoglobin β chain (β93C) to form S-nitroso (SNO) hemoglobin (Hb) is claimed to be essential for export of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity by the red blood cell (RBC) to mediate hypoxic vasodilation and cardioprotection. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we used RBCs from mice in which the β93 cysteine had been replaced with alanine (β93A) in a number of ex vivo and in vivo models suitable for studying export of NO bioactivity. RESULTS In an ex vivo model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, perfusion of a mouse heart with control RBCs (β93C) pretreated with an arginase inhibitor to facilitate export of RBC NO bioactivity improved cardiac recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the response was similar with β93A RBCs. Next, when human platelets were coincubated with RBCs and then deoxygenated in the presence of nitrite, export of NO bioactivity was detected as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation. This effect was the same in β93C and β93A RBCs. Moreover, vascular reactivity was tested in rodent aortas in the presence of RBCs pretreated with S-nitrosocysteine or with hemolysates or purified Hb treated with authentic NO to form nitrosyl(FeII)-Hb, the proposed precursor of SNO-Hb. SNO-RBCs or NO-treated Hb induced vasorelaxation, with no differences between β93C and β93A RBCs. Finally, hypoxic microvascular vasodilation was studied in vivo with a murine dorsal skin-fold window model. Exposure to acute systemic hypoxia caused vasodilatation, and the response was similar in β93C and β93A mice. CONCLUSIONS RBCs clearly have the fascinating ability to export NO bioactivity, but this occurs independently of SNO formation at the β93 cysteine of Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry (C.W.S., T.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jiangning Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (J.Y., J.P.)
| | - Andrei L Kleschyov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.).,Freiberg Instruments GmbH, Freiberg, Germany (A.L.K.)
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (J.Y., J.P.)
| | - Nadeem Wajih
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (N.W., D.B.K.-S.)
| | - T Scott Isbell
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, MO (T.S.I.)
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Center for Free Radical Biology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego (P.C., A.G.T.)
| | - Amy G Tsai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego (P.C., A.G.T.)
| | - Tim Townes
- Department of Biochemistry (C.W.S., T.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (N.W., D.B.K.-S.)
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Center for Free Radical Biology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
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Abstract
Sickle erythrocytes' (SSRBCs) unique physical adaptation to hypoxic conditions renders them able to home to hypoxic tumor niches in vivo, shut down tumor blood flow and induce tumoricidal responses. SSRBCs are also useful vehicles for transport of encapsulated drugs and oncolytic virus into hypoxic tumors with enhanced anti-tumor effects. In search of additional modes for arming sickle cells with cytotoxics, we turned to a lentiviral β-globin vector with optimized Locus Control Region/β-globin coding region/promoter/enhancers. We partially replaced the β-globin coding region of this vector with genes encoding T cell cytolytics, perforin and granzyme or immune modulating superantigens SEG and SEI. These modified vectors efficiently transduced Sca+ ckit- Lin- hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from humanized sickle cell knockin mice. Irradiated mice reconstituted with these HSCs displayed robust expression of transgenic RNAs and proteins in host sickle cells that was sustained for more than 10 months. SSRBCs from reconstituted mice harboring SEG/SEI transgenes induced robust proliferation and a prototypical superantigen-induced cytokine reaction when exposed to human CD4+/CD8+ cells. The β-globin lentiviral vector therefore produces a high level of functional, erythroid-specific immune modulators and cytotoxics that circulate without toxicity. Coupled with their unique ability to target and occlude hypoxic tumor vessels these armed SSRBCs constitute a potentially useful tool for treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao‐Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, School of MedicineBirmingham Alabama
| | - Li‐Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, School of MedicineBirmingham Alabama
| | - Peter L. Knopick
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand Forks North Dakota
| | - David S. Bradley
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand Forks North Dakota
| | - Tim Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, School of MedicineBirmingham Alabama
| | - David S. Terman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, School of MedicineBirmingham Alabama
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Kang L, Yao C, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Xu W, Zhang R, Banerjee NS, Chang CW, Chow LT, Townes T, Hu K. The Universal 3D3 Antibody of Human PODXL Is Pluripotent Cytotoxic, and Identifies a Residual Population After Extended Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:556-68. [PMID: 26886504 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL) is a member of CD34 family proteins. It is the protein that carries many post-translational epitopes responsible for various pluripotent surface markers including TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM2, GP200, and mAb84. However, PODXL has not attracted the attention of stem cell biologists. Here, we report several features of PODXL mRNA and protein in pluripotent stem cells. Similar to the modification-dependent pluripotent epitopes, PODXL transcripts and carrier protein are also features of pluripotency. PODXL is highly expressed in early human embryos from oocytes up to four-cell stages. During reprogramming of human cells to pluripotency, in contrast to TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, PODXL is activated by KLF4 at a very early time of reprogramming. Although TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 are completely lost upon differentiation, a residual PODXL(+) population exists even after extended differentiation and they were identified by the universal human PODXL epitope 3D3. Unlike TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 epitopes that are unique to primate pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), PODXL carrier protein can be used as a murine surface marker. Most importantly, antibody to 3D3 epitope causes massive necrosis and apoptosis of human PSCs (hPSCs). We suggest that 3D3 antibody could be employed to eliminate the tumorigenic pluripotent cells in hPSC-derived cells for cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chunping Yao
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute , Jinan, China
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Weihua Xu
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,4 Longyan University , Fujian, China
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nilam Sanjib Banerjee
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louise T Chow
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tim Townes
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kejin Hu
- 1 Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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4
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Zhang L, Tran NT, Su H, Wang R, Lu Y, Tang H, Aoyagi S, Guo A, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Zhou D, Qian K, Hricik T, Côté J, Han X, Zhou W, Laha S, Abdel-Wahab O, Levine RL, Raffel G, Liu Y, Chen D, Li H, Townes T, Wang H, Deng H, Zheng YG, Leslie C, Luo M, Zhao X. Cross-talk between PRMT1-mediated methylation and ubiquitylation on RBM15 controls RNA splicing. eLife 2015; 4:07938. [PMID: 26575292 PMCID: PMC4775220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RBM15, an RNA binding protein, determines cell-fate specification of many tissues including blood. We demonstrate that RBM15 is methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) at residue R578, leading to its degradation via ubiquitylation by an E3 ligase (CNOT4). Overexpression of PRMT1 in acute megakaryocytic leukemia cell lines blocks megakaryocyte terminal differentiation by downregulation of RBM15 protein level. Restoring RBM15 protein level rescues megakaryocyte terminal differentiation blocked by PRMT1 overexpression. At the molecular level, RBM15 binds to pre-messenger RNA intronic regions of genes important for megakaryopoiesis such as GATA1, RUNX1, TAL1 and c-MPL. Furthermore, preferential binding of RBM15 to specific intronic regions recruits the splicing factor SF3B1 to the same sites for alternative splicing. Therefore, PRMT1 regulates alternative RNA splicing via reducing RBM15 protein concentration. Targeting PRMT1 may be a curative therapy to restore megakaryocyte differentiation for acute megakaryocytic leukemia. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07938.001 The many different cell types in an adult animal all develop from a single fertilized egg. The development of cells into more specialized cell types is called ‘differentiation’. Proteins and other molecules from both inside and outside of the cells regulate the differentiation process. RNA is a molecule that is similar to DNA, and performs several important roles inside cells. Perhaps most importantly, RNA molecules act as messengers and carry genetic instructions during gene expression. RBM15 is an RNA-binding protein that is found throughout nature, and is involved in a number of developmental processes. Previous research has linked the incorrect control of RBM15 with an increased risk of certain cancers, including megakaryocytic leukemia. However, it is not clear what role RNA-binding proteins such as RBM15 play during differentiation. Now, Zhang, Tran, Su et al. have investigated the role of RBM15 during the development of large cells found in human bone marrow (called megakaryocytes). First, the experiments demonstrated that an enzyme called PRMT1 modifies RBM15. This enzyme adds a chemical mark called a methyl group at a specific site (an arginine amino acid) on the RNA-binding protein. Next, Zhang, Tran, Su et al. showed that the addition of this methyl group earmarks RBM15 for destruction. This means that an increase in PRMT1 levels reduces the amount of RBM15 in cells, while decreases in PRMT1 have the opposite effect. Further experiments showed that RBM15 normally processes the RNA messengers that carry the genetic instructions needed for the differentiation of bone marrow cells. An excess of PRMT1 enzyme leads to a lack of this RNA-binding protein. This in turn interferes with the differentiation process, and can contribute to the development of cancers such as megakaryocytic leukemia. Future work will therefore explore whether targeting PRMT1 with drugs could represent an effective treatment for these kinds of cancers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07938.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Ngoc-Tung Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Hairui Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Program of Molecular Pharmacology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Yuheng Lu
- Computational Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Haiping Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sayura Aoyagi
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, United States
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, United States
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Dewang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Todd Hricik
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Jocelyn Côté
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhengzhou - Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suparna Laha
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Glen Raffel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhengzhou - Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Haiteng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, United States
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Minkui Luo
- Program of Molecular Pharmacology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, UAB Stem Cell Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
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5
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Harper VM, Oh JY, Stapley R, Marques MB, Wilson L, Barnes S, Sun CW, Townes T, Patel RP. Peroxiredoxin-2 recycling is inhibited during erythrocyte storage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:294-307. [PMID: 25264713 PMCID: PMC4298151 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Transfusion with stored red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx-2) is a primary RBC antioxidant that limits hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated toxicity. Whether Prx-2 activity is altered during RBC storage is not known. RESULTS Basal and H2O2-induced Prx-2 activity was measured in RBCs (stored for 7-35 days). Basal Prx-2 thiol oxidation increased with RBC age, whereas H2O2-dependent formation of dimeric Prx-2 was similar. However, reduction of Prx-2 dimers to monomers became progressively slower with RBC storage, which was associated with increased H2O2-induced hemolysis. Surprisingly, no change in the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin (Trx)/Trx-reductase system, which recycles dimeric Prx-2, was observed in stored RBCs. Using mouse RBCs expressing human wild type (β93Cys) or hemoglobin (Hb) in which the conserved β93Cys residue is replaced by Ala (β93Ala), a role for this thiol in modulating Prx-2 reduction was demonstrated. Specifically, Prx-2 recycling was blunted in β93Ala RBC, which was reversed by carbon monoxide-treatment, suggesting that heme autoxidation-derived H2O2 maintains Prx-2 in the oxidized form in these cells. Moreover, assessment of the oxidative state of the β93Cys in RBCs during storage showed that while it remained reduced on intraerythrocytic Hb in stored RBC, it was oxidized to dehydroalanine on hemolyzed or extracellular Hb. INNOVATION A novel mechanism for regulated Prx-2 activity in RBC via the β93Cys residue is suggested. CONCLUSION These data highlight the potential for slower Prx-2 recycling and β93Cys oxidation in modulating storage-dependent damage of RBCs and in mediating post-transfusion toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Harper
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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6
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Liu Y, Sun CW, Honavar J, Townes T, Patel RP. Role of the b93cys, ATP and adenosine in red cell dependent hypoxic vasorelaxation. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2013; 5:21-31. [PMID: 23525514 PMCID: PMC3601459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two of the proposed mechanisms by which red blood cells (RBC) mediate hypoxic vasorelaxation by coupling hemoglobin deoxygenation to the activation of nitric oxide signaling involve ATP-release from RBC and S-nitrosohemoglobin (b93C(SNO)Hb) dependent bioactivity. However, different studies have reached opposite conclusions regarding the aforementioned mechanisms. Using isolated vessels, hypoxic vasorelaxation induced by human, C57BL/6 or mouse RBC which exclusively express either native human hemoglobin (HbC93) or human hemoglobin in which the conserved b93cys was replaced with Ala (HbC93A) were compared. All RBCs stimulated hypoxic vasodilation to similar extents suggesting the b93cys is not required for this RBC-mediated function. Hypoxic vasorelaxation was inhibited by co-incubation of ATP-pathway blockers including L-NAME (eNOS inhibitor) and Apyrase. Moreover, we tested if modulation of adenosine-dependent signaling affected RBC-dependent vasorelaxation using pan- or subtype specific adenosine receptor blockers, or adenosine deaminase (ADA). Interestingly, ADA and adenosine A2 receptor blockade, but not A1 receptor blockade, inhibited HbC93, HbC93A dependent hypoxic vasorelaxation. Equivalent results were obtained with human RBC. These data suggest that using isolated vessels, RBC do not require the presence of the b93cys to elicit hypoxic vasorelaxation and mediate this response via ATP- and a novel adenosine-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Departments of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294, USA
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7
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Vinchi F, De Franceschi L, Ghigo A, Townes T, Cimino J, Silengo L, Hirsch E, Altruda F, Tolosano E. Hemopexin therapy improves cardiovascular function by preventing heme-induced endothelial toxicity in mouse models of hemolytic diseases. Circulation 2013; 127:1317-29. [PMID: 23446829 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.130179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemolytic diseases are characterized by enhanced intravascular hemolysis resulting in heme-catalyzed reactive oxygen species generation, which leads to endothelial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Hemopexin (Hx) is a plasma heme scavenger able to prevent endothelial damage and tissue congestion in a model of heme overload. Here, we tested whether Hx could be used as a therapeutic tool to counteract heme toxic effects on the cardiovascular system in hemolytic diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS By using a model of heme overload in Hx-null mice, we demonstrated that heme excess in plasma, if not bound to Hx, promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of adhesion molecules and caused the reduction of nitric oxide availability. Then, we used β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease mice as models of hemolytic diseases to evaluate the efficacy of an Hx-based therapy in the treatment of vascular dysfunction related to heme overload. Our data demonstrated that Hx prevented heme-iron loading in the cardiovascular system, thus limiting the production of reactive oxygen species, the induction of adhesion molecules, and the oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, and promoted heme recovery and detoxification by the liver mainly through the induction of heme oxygenase activity. Moreover, we showed that in sickle cell disease mice, endothelial activation and oxidation were associated with increased blood pressure and altered cardiac function, and the administration of exogenous Hx was found to almost completely normalize these parameters. CONCLUSIONS Hemopexin treatment is a promising novel therapy to protect against heme-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vinchi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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8
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Vitturi DA, Sun CW, Harper VM, Thrash-Williams B, Cantu-Medellin N, Chacko BK, Peng N, Dai Y, Michael Wyss J, Townes T, Patel RP. Antioxidant functions for the hemoglobin β93 cysteine residue in erythrocytes and in the vascular compartment in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 55:119-29. [PMID: 23159546 PMCID: PMC3821075 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The β93 cysteine (β93Cys) residue of hemoglobin is conserved in vertebrates but its function in the red blood cell (RBC) remains unclear. Because this residue is present at concentrations more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than enzymatic components of the RBC antioxidant network, a role in the scavenging of reactive species was hypothesized. Initial studies utilizing mice that express human hemoglobin with either Cys (B93C) or Ala (B93A) at the β93 position demonstrated that loss of the β93Cys did not affect activities nor expression of established components of the RBC antioxidant network (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin-2, glutathione peroxidase, GSH:GSSG ratios). Interestingly, exogenous addition to RBCs of reactive species that are involved in vascular inflammation demonstrated a role for the β93Cys in hydrogen peroxide and chloramine consumption. To simulate oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo, mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Notably, LPS induced a greater degree of hypotension and lung injury in B93A versus B93C mice, which was associated with greater formation of RBC reactive species and accumulation of DMPO-reactive epitopes in the lung. These data suggest that the β93Cys is an important effector within the RBC antioxidant network, contributing to the modulation of tissue injury during vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | | | | | - Balu K. Chacko
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ning Peng
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yanying Dai
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - J. Michael Wyss
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Tim Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Corresponding Author: Rakesh P Patel, PhD, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19 street south, BMR-2, room 532, Birmingham, AL 35294, , Tel: 205 975 9225
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9
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Chen Y, Wang J, Li J, Hosoya K, Ratan R, Townes T, Zhang S. Activating transcription factor 4 mediates hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial inflammation and retinal vascular leakage through activation of STAT3 in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2533-45. [PMID: 22660795 PMCID: PMC3412945 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There is convincing evidence that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to dissect the role and signalling pathways of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in ER-stress-associated endothelial inflammation and diabetic retinopathy. METHODS ER stress and ATF4 activity were manipulated by complementary pharmacological and genetic approaches in cultured retinal endothelial (TR-iBRB) cells. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in heterozygous Atf4 knockout and wild-type mice. ER stress markers, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, and retinal vascular permeability were measured. RESULTS High-glucose treatment resulted in rapid induction of ER stress, activation of ATF4, and increased production of inflammatory factors in TR-iBRB cells. Suppressing ER stress or inhibiting ATF4 activity markedly attenuated high-glucose-induced production of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, TNF-α and vascular endothelial growth factor. Conversely, enhancing ER stress or overexpressing Atf4 was sufficient to induce endothelial inflammation, which was, at least in part, through activation of the STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, knockdown of the Stat3 gene or inhibiting STAT3 activity restored ER homeostasis in cells exposed to high glucose and prevented ATF4 activation, suggesting that STAT3 is required for high-glucose-induced ER stress. Finally, we showed that downregulation of Atf4 significantly ameliorated retinal inflammation, STAT3 activation and vascular leakage in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Taken together, our data reveal a pivotal role of ER stress and the ATF4/STAT3 pathway in retinal endothelial inflammation in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J.J. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - J. Li
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - K.I. Hosoya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - R. Ratan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - T. Townes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S.X. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Seo J, Fortuno ES, Suh JM, Stenesen D, Tang W, Parks EJ, Adams CM, Townes T, Graff JM. Atf4 regulates obesity, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure. Diabetes 2009; 58:2565-73. [PMID: 19690063 PMCID: PMC2768187 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluate a potential role of activating transcription factor 4 (Atf4) in invertebrate and mammalian metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS With two parallel approaches-a fat body-specific green fluorescent protein enhancer trap screen in D. melanogaster and expression profiling of developing murine fat tissues-we identified Atf4 as expressed in invertebrate and vertebrate metabolic tissues. We assessed the functional relevance of the evolutionarily conserved expression by analyzing Atf4 mutant flies and Atf4 mutant mice for possible metabolic phenotypes. RESULTS Flies with insertions at the Atf4 locus have reduced fat content, increased starvation sensitivity, and lower levels of circulating carbohydrate. Atf4 null mice are also lean, and they resist age-related and diet-induced obesity. Atf4 null mice have increased energy expenditure potentially accounting for the lean phenotype. Atf4 null mice are hypoglycemic, even before substantial changes in fat content, indicating that Atf4 regulates mammalian carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, the Atf4 mutation blunts diet-induced diabetes as well as hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis. Several aspects of the Atf4 mutant phenotype resemble mice with mutations in components of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. Consistent with the phenotypic similarities, Atf4 null mice have reduced expression of genes that regulate intracellular amino acid concentrations and lower intracellular concentration of amino acids, a key TOR input. Further, Atf4 mutants have reduced S6K activity in liver and adipose tissues. CONCLUSIONS Atf4 regulates age-related and diet-induced obesity as well as glucose homeostasis in mammals and has conserved metabolic functions in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Edgardo S. Fortuno
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Drew Stenesen
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth J. Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christopher M. Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Tim Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jonathan M. Graff
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Corresponding author: Jonathan M. Graff,
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Patel R, Isbell T, Sun J, Townes T. Molecular mechanisms regulating RBC dependent hypoxic vasodilation: Role of ATP, S-nitrosohemoglobon and nitrite reduction. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Heck S, Ermakova O, Iwasaki H, Akashi K, Sun CW, Ryan TM, Townes T, Graf T. Distinguishable live erythroid and myeloid cells in beta-globin ECFP x lysozyme EGFP mice. Blood 2003; 101:903-6. [PMID: 12393544 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described a mouse line that contains green myelomonocytic cells due to the knock-in of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) into the lysozyme M gene.(1) We have now created a transgenic line with fluorescent erythroid cells using a beta-globin locus control region driving the enhanced cyan fluorescence protein (ECFP) gene. These mice exhibit cyan fluorescent cells specifically in the erythroid compartment and in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors. Crossing the animals with lysozyme EGFP mice yielded a line in which live erythroid and myeloid cells can readily be distinguished by fluorescence microscopy and by fluorescence-activated cell-sorter scanner. This cross allowed unambiguous identification of unstained mixed erythroid-myeloid colonies for the first time. The new mouse lines should become useful tools to dissect the branching between erythroid and myelomonocytic cells during in vitro differentiation of definitive multipotent progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Heck
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Fuhr JE, Yang TJ, Townes T, Overton M. Effect of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate on protein synthesis in L5178Y cells after hyperthermia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977; 59:1469-73. [PMID: 71357 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/59.5.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line was stimulated after short-duration heat shock by the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The stimulation was concentration-dependent (range, 0.01-1.0 mM) and was enhanced by preincubation of the cells in the presence of the cyclic nucleotide before the heat shock. Actinomycin, which blocks the recovery of protein synthesis activity after heat shock, did not block the cyclic AMP stimulation.
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