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Capson TL. Our oceans, ourselves The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works Helen Czerski Norton, 2023. 464 pp. Science 2023; 382:44. [PMID: 37796997 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj7198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
An oceanographer's expansive portrait of the marine world captures its vitality and complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Capson
- The reviewer is at the Institut de physique du globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France, and Parley for the Oceans, New York, NY 10013, USA
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2
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Glynn AR, Capson TL, Wunsch DR, Litwack D, Robinson DA, Butt Y, Garg A, Cromartie WJ, Cep M. New books, fresh for fall. Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
From space weapons to mind reading, the books on this year's list tell tales of scientific transformation, balancing historical insights with urgent calls to action. Consider a transgender scientist's reflections on his legacy or tag along on a quest to save a tiny porpoise from extinction. Crack open a history of immunology or confront the future of artificial intelligence. Why would 12 men dine on purposely poisoned foods? Can we overcome "chronophobia"? What can termites teach us about technology? Read on to discover these answers and more. —
Valerie Thompson
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. Glynn
- The reviewer is at Strategic Analysis, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Todd L. Capson
- The reviewer is an independent consultant based in Dakar, Senegal
| | - David R. Wunsch
- The reviewer is at the Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - David Litwack
- The reviewer is at Prevail Therapeutics, New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Daphne A. Robinson
- The reviewer is at Scientific Planning Consulting, Highland Park, NJ 08904, USA
| | - Yousaf Butt
- The reviewer was at the Space and Advanced Technology Office, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, USA
| | - Arti Garg
- The reviewer is at Cray, San Jose, CA 95112, USA
| | - William J. Cromartie
- The reviewer is at the Department of Environmental Studies, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA
| | - Melinda Cep
- The reviewer is at the World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
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3
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Clark KE, Capper A, Togna GD, Paul VJ, Romero LI, Johns T, Cubilla-Rios L, Capson TL. Ecology- and Bioassay-Guided Drug Discovery for Treatments of Tropical Parasitic Disease: 5α,8α-Epidioxycholest-6-en-3β-ol Isolated from the Mollusk Dolabrifera dolabrifera Shows Significant Activity against Leishmania donovani. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An ecology- and bioassay-guided search employed to discover compounds with activity against tropical parasitic diseases and cancer from the opisthobranch mollusk, Dolabrifera dolabrifera, led to the discovery of antileishmanial properties in the known compound, 5α,8α-epidioxycholest-6-en-3β-ol (1). Compound 1 was identified through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The compound was concentrated in the digestive gland of D. dolabrifera, but was not detected in other body parts, fecal matter or mucus. Compound 1 showed an IC50 of 4.9 μM towards the amastigote form of Leishmania donovani compared with an IC50 of 281 μM towards the control Vero cell line, a 57.3-fold difference, and demonstrated no measurable activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Clark
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- current address: Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Angela Capper
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
- current address: Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Gina Della Togna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- current address: Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 5502, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Luz I. Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Timothy Johns
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824–10835, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Todd L. Capson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- current address: 1743 18th St. NW Washington DC, 20009 USA
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4
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Clark KE, Capper A, Della Togna G, Paul VJ, Romero LI, Johns T, Cubilla-Rios L, Capson TL. Ecology- and bioassay-guided drug discovery for treatments of tropical parasitic disease: 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxycholest-6-en-3beta-ol isolated from the mollusk Dolabrifera dolabrifera shows significant activity against Leishmania donovani. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:1537-1540. [PMID: 24427935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An ecology- and bioassay-guided search employed to discover compounds with activity against tropical parasitic diseases and cancer from the opisthobranch mollusk, Dolabrifera dolabrifera, led to the discovery of antileishmanial properties in the known compound, 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxycholest-6-en-3beta-ol (1). Compound 1 was identified through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The compound was concentrated in the digestive gland of D. dolabrifera, but was not detected in other body parts, fecal matter or mucus. Compound 1 showed an IC50 of 4.9 microM towards the amastigote form of Leishmania donovani compared with an IC50 of 281 microM towards the control Vero cell line, a 57.3-fold difference, and demonstrated no measurable activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Clark
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Angela Capper
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Gina Della Togna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Luz I Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Timothy Johns
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824-10835, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Todd L Capson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
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5
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Gutiérrez M, Tidgewell K, Capson TL, Engene N, Almanza A, Schemies J, Jung M, Gerwick WH. Malyngolide dimer, a bioactive symmetric cyclodepside from the panamanian marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. J Nat Prod 2010; 73:709-11. [PMID: 20158242 PMCID: PMC2859090 DOI: 10.1021/np9005184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of the extract of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula collected from Panama led to the isolation of malyngolide dimer (1). The planar structure of 1 was determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESI-TOFMS. The absolute configuration was established by chemical degradation followed by chiral GC-MS analyses and comparisons with an authentic sample of malyngolide seco-acid (4). Compound 1 showed moderate in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (W2) (IC(50) = 19 microM) but roughly equivalent toxicity against H-460 human lung cell lines. Furthermore, because the closely related cyanobacterial natural product tanikolide dimer (5) was a potent SIRT2 inhibitor, compound 1 was evaluated in this assay but found to be essentially inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Clayton, 0843-01103 Panamá
| | - Kevin Tidgewell
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Todd L. Capson
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Niclas Engene
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alejandro Almanza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Clayton, 0843-01103 Panamá
| | - Jörg Schemies
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (858) 534-0578. Fax: (858) 534-0529.
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6
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McPhail KL, Correa J, Linington RG, Gonzalez J, Ortega-Barría E, Capson TL, Gerwick WH. Antimalarial linear lipopeptides from a Panamanian strain of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:984-8. [PMID: 17441769 PMCID: PMC2745555 DOI: 10.1021/np0700772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As part of the Panama International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) project, two new (2, 4) and two known (1, 3) linear alkynoic lipopeptides have been isolated from a Panamanian strain of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. Carmabin A (1), dragomabin (2), and dragonamide A (3) showed good antimalarial activity (IC50 4.3, 6.0, and 7.7 microM, respectively), whereas the nonaromatic analogue, dragonamide B (4), was inactive. The planar structures of all four compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy in combination with mass spectrometry, and their stereoconfigurations were established by chiral HPLC and by comparison of their optical rotations and NMR data with literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L McPhail
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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7
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Gutiérrez M, Capson TL, Guzman HM, Gonzalez J, Ortega-Barría E, Quiñoa E, Riguera R. Antiplasmodial metabolites isolated from the marine octocoral Muricea austera. J Nat Prod 2006; 69:1379-83. [PMID: 17067146 DOI: 10.1021/np060007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract from the octocoral Muricea austera collected in the Pacific coast of Panama led to the isolation of eight compounds, including three tyramine derivatives (1-3), two steroidal pregnane glycosides (4, 5), and three sesquiterpenoids (6-8). Compounds 2-5 are new natural products, and their structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data (HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and CD studies). The antiprotozoal activities of the natural compounds 1-8 as well as those of a series of synthetic glycosides (11-22) and tyramine derivatives (23-35) were evaluated in vitro against a drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and intracellular form of Trypanosoma cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Organica, Instituto de Acuicultura y Unidad de RMN de Biomoléculas Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Torres-Mendoza D, González J, Ortega-Barría E, Heller MV, Capson TL, McPhail K, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Weakly antimalarial flavonol arabinofuranosides from Calycolpus warszewiczianus. J Nat Prod 2006; 69:826-8. [PMID: 16724851 DOI: 10.1021/np050484i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three new flavonol arabinosides (2-4) were isolated from the young leaves of Calycolpus warszewiczianus. The structures were determined as myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-3' '-acetylarabinofuranoside (2), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-3' ',5' '-diacetylarabinofuranoside (3), and 5-galloylquercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (4). Molecular structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy in combination with IR and MS data. Two known compounds, myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (1) and (-)-epi-catechin (5), were also isolated. The compounds were tested in vitro against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania mexicana, and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. Compound 4 demonstrated weak activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum (14.5 microM), whereas none of the compounds demonstrated activity against L. mexicana and T. cruzi at the concentrations of 40 and 50 microg/mL, respectively, and no cytotoxicity was detected against mammalian cells below 100 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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9
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Ospina CA, Rodríguez AD, Sánchez JA, Ortega-Barria E, Capson TL, Mayer AMS. Caucanolides A-F, unusual antiplasmodial constituents from a colombian collection of the gorgonian coral Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata. J Nat Prod 2005; 68:1519-26. [PMID: 16252918 DOI: 10.1021/np050239z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Six new diterpenoids, caucanolides A-F (1-6), have been isolated from extracts of the gorgonian octocoral Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata collected near the Colombian Southwestern Caribbean Sea. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data. The caucanolides showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. In addition to possessing structures based on novel carbon skeletons, one of these metabolites, caucanolide B (2), constitutes the only example from nature of a secondary metabolite possessing the N(1),N(1)-dimethyl-N(2)-acylformamidine functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Ospina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P. O. Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
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10
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Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of a MeOH-EtOAc extract from the young leaves of Nectandra lineata (Lauraceae), using a Trypanosoma cruzi bioassay resulted in the isolation of a novel norlignan 3'-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-4',7-epoxy-9-nor-8,5'-neolignan-9'-acetoxy (1), together with the known compound, 3'-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-4'-7-epoxy-9-nor-8,5'-neolignan-7,8'-diene (2). Compounds 1 and 2 were shown to inhibit the growth of T. cruzi epimastigotes in axenic culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Chérigo
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology Apdo. 0824, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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11
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Gutiérrez M, Capson TL, Guzmán HM, González J, Ortega-Barría E, Quiñoá E, Riguera R. Leptolide, a new furanocembranolide diterpene from Leptogorgia alba. J Nat Prod 2005; 68:614-616. [PMID: 15844963 DOI: 10.1021/np049745z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Six furanocembranolides (1-6) and one pseudopterolide (7) have been isolated from the octocorals Leptogorgia alba and Leptogorgia rigida, collected on the Pacific coast of Panama. Compound 1, named leptolide, has a new structure closely related to the neurotoxin lophotoxin (3). The X-ray structures of 1-3 were determined, and the absolute configurations of 2-7 are discussed. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated in vitro against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Acuicultura y Unidad de RMN de Biomoléculas Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Marrero J, Rodríguez AD, Baran P, Raptis RG, Sánchez JA, Ortega-Barria E, Capson TL. Bielschowskysin, a gorgonian-derived biologically active diterpene with an unprecedented carbon skeleton. Org Lett 2005; 6:1661-4. [PMID: 15128261 DOI: 10.1021/ol049495d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bielschowskysin is a naturally occurring diterpene isolated from the Caribbean gorgonian octocoral Pseudopterogorgia kallos. Its highly oxygenated hexacyclic structure is based on a previously undescribed tricyclo[9.3.0.0(2,10)]tetradecane ring system that was established through spectroscopic analysis and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Bielschowskysin was shown to exhibit antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum as well as strong anticancer activity against two human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Marrero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
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13
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Torres-Mendoza D, Ureña González LD, Ortega-Barría E, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Capson TL, McPhail K, Cubilla-Rios L. Novel cassane and cleistanthane diterpenes from Myrospermum frutescens: absolute stereochemistry of the cassane diterpene series. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:1711-1715. [PMID: 15497945 DOI: 10.1021/np049890c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Four new diterpenes (1-4) were isolated from the leaves of Myrospermum frutescens as minor constituents. Chagresnol (1), 6beta,18-diacetoxycassan-13,15-diene (2), and chagreslactone (3) possess cassane skeletons, while chagresnone (4) exhibits a cleistanthane skeleton. Molecular structures and their relative stereochemistries were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy in combination with UV, IR, and MS spectral data. Although compound 2 was previously reported as a synthetic product, we report its first isolation as a natural product. Derivative products (10-13) were obtained to test their activities against Chagas's disease. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of the previously isolated cassane diterpene 5 from M. frutescens is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, Apartado 0824-10835, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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14
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Williams C, Espinosa OA, Montenegro H, Cubilla L, Capson TL, Ortega-Barría E, Romero LI. Hydrosoluble formazan XTT: its application to natural products drug discovery for Leishmania. J Microbiol Methods 2004; 55:813-6. [PMID: 14607426 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2003.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A colorimetric method for measuring the viability of Leishmania promastigotes is described that is based on the reduction of the tetrazolium salt, XTT, to a water-soluble formazan. Values obtained by the XTT method correlated well with parasite number (r=0.965) and with methods that rely upon the reduction of MTT or MTS (r=0.96 and 0.97, respectively). The IC(50) values obtained by XTT method with amphotericin-B, miltefosine and ketoconazole were similar to those previously reported by other methods. The XTT method proved to be a reliable and convenient method for the screening of methanolic extracts from 1059 plants and was used for the bioassay-guided fractionation of the alkaloid aegeline from Sarcorhachis naranjoana.
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15
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Hussein AA, Barberena I, Capson TL, Kursar TA, Coley PD, Solis PN, Gupta MP. New cytotoxic naphthopyrane derivatives from Adenaria floribunda. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:451-453. [PMID: 15043429 DOI: 10.1021/np030223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOAc/MeOH extract of Adenaria floribunda young leaves using MCF-7, H-460, and SF-268 cancer cell lines yielded four new active compounds named adenaflorins A-D (1-4). Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic means. Adenaflorin A (1) was the most cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hussein
- Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 10767, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama, Republic of Panama
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16
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Corbett Y, Herrera L, Gonzalez J, Cubilla L, Capson TL, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Romero LI, Ortega-Barria E. A novel DNA-based microfluorimetric method to evaluate antimalarial drug activity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 70:119-24. [PMID: 14993620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a novel microfluorimetric assay to measure the inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum based on the detection of parasitic DNA by intercalation with PicoGreen. The method was used to determine parasite inhibition profiles and 50% inhibitory concentration values of known or potential antimalarial drugs. Values for parasite inhibition with known anti-malarial drugs using the PicoGreen assay were comparable with those determined by the standard method based upon the uptake of 3H-hypoxanthine and the Giemsa stain microscopic technique. The PicoGreen assay is rapid, sensitive, reproducible, easily interpreted, and ideally suited for screening of large numbers of samples for anti-malarial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Corbett
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Clayton, Panama
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Mendoza DT, Ureña González LD, Ortega-Barría E, Capson TL, Rios LC. Five new cassane diterpenes from Myrospermum frutescens with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. J Nat Prod 2003; 66:928-932. [PMID: 12880308 DOI: 10.1021/np030010o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Five novel cassane diterpenes (1-5) with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi were isolated from leaves of Myrospermum frutescens. The structures were determined as 18-hydroxycassan-13,15-diene (1), 6beta,18-dihydroxycassan-13,15-diene (2), 6beta-hydroxy-18-acetoxycassan-13,15-diene (3), 18-acetoxy-13,15-diene-19-cassanoic acid (4), and 6beta,13beta-dihydroxy-18-acetoxycassan-14(17),15-diene (5). Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (NMR and HRCIMS) and by the synthesis of derivatives 2a and 2b. Compounds 3 and 5 were more active against the extracellular form of the parasite (11 and 16 microM, respectively) than the intracellular forms, while compounds 1 and 2 were more active against the more clinically relevant intracellular forms of the parasite (17 microM). Compounds 1 and 2 were approximately 9-fold more toxic toward T. cruzi than toward human fibroblasts, the cell type that serves as the parasite's mammalian host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres Mendoza
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, Apartado 0824, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Montenegro H, Gutiérrez M, Romero LI, Ortega-Barría E, Capson TL, Rios LC. Aporphine alkaloids from Guatteria spp. with leishmanicidal activity. Planta Med 2003; 69:677-679. [PMID: 12898429 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of Guatteria amplifolia yielded the alkaloids xylopine (1), nornuciferine (4), lysicamine (6), and laudanosine (5). Fractionation of Guatteria dumetorum yielded the alkaloids cryptodorine (2) and nornantenine (3). Compounds 1-4 demonstrated significant activity against Leishmania mexicana and L. panamensis. Xylopine (1) was among the most active compounds (LD 50 = 3 microM) and showed a 37-fold higher toxicity towards L. mexicana than macrophages, the regular host cells of Leishmania spp.
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Hussein AA, Bozzi B, Correa M, Capson TL, Kursar TA, Coley PD, Solis PN, Gupta MP. Bioactive constituents from three Vismia species. J Nat Prod 2003; 66:858-860. [PMID: 12828475 DOI: 10.1021/np020566w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts of Vismia baccifera, V. jefensis, and V. macrophylla against human breast, CNS, and lung cancer cell lines resulted in the isolation of a new compound, ferruginin C (1), and seven known compounds, ferruginins A (2) and B (3), vismin (4), harunganin (5), vismione B (6), deacetylvismione H (7), and deacetylvismione A (8), as active constituents. In addition, bivismiaquinone (9) and vismiaquinone (10) were obtained as inactive constituents. The structure of ferruginin C was elucidated by spectroscopic means. Compounds 6-8 were the most active, and the cytotoxic activity of compounds 2-5 and 7 is reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hussein
- Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 10767, Estafeta Universitaria, Panamá, República de Panamá
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Ospina CA, Rodríguez AD, Ortega-Barria E, Capson TL. Briarellins J-P and polyanthellin A: new eunicellin-based diterpenes from the gorgonian coral Briareum polyanthes and their antimalarial activity. J Nat Prod 2003; 66:357-363. [PMID: 12662092 DOI: 10.1021/np0204500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new chemical study of the hexane extract of the gorgonian Briareum polyanthes collected in Puerto Rico afforded 10 new diterpenes of the eunicellin class, briarellins 1-9 and polyanthellin A (10), along with the known diterpene briarellin D (11). The structures and relative stereochemistry of metabolites 1-10 were assigned on the basis of NMR studies, chemical methods, and comparisons to the spectral properties of 11. A reassessment of prior structural assignment for briarellin A and two known sclerophytin-type diterpenes, 13 and 14, is proposed. Antimalarial tests on 1-6 and 8-12 indicated that they were active against Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Ospina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23346, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346, USA
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Poulter CD, Capson TL, Thompson MD, Bard RS. Squalene synthetase, inhibition by ammonium analogs of carbocationic intermediates in the conversion of presqualene diphosphate to squalene. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00192a036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Capson TL, Thompson MD, Dixit VM, Gaughan RG, Poulter CD. Synthesis of ammonium analogs of carbocationic intermediates in the conversion of presqualene diphosphate to squalene. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00260a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McDonald LA, Capson TL, Krishnamurthy G, Ding WD, Ellestad GA, Bernan VS, Maiese WM, Lassota P, Carolyn Discafani,, Kramer RA, Ireland CM. Namenamicin, a New Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotic from the Marine Ascidian Polysyncraton lithostrotum. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961122n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A. McDonald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Todd L. Capson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Girija Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Wei-Dong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - George A. Ellestad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Valerie S. Bernan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - William M. Maiese
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Piotr Lassota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Carolyn Discafani,
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Robert A. Kramer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Chris M. Ireland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Wyeth Ayerst Research Pearl River, New York 10965
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Capson
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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Kokoshka JM, Capson TL, Holden JA, Ireland CM, Barrows LR. Differences in the topoisomerase I cleavage complexes formed by camptothecin and wakayin, a DNA-intercalating marine natural product. Anticancer Drugs 1996; 7:758-65. [PMID: 8949987 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199609000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Wakayin is bispyrroloiminoquinone isolated from a Clavelina sp. ascidian by cytotoxicity directed fractionation. Like camptothecin, it has been found to inhibit the topoisomerase I catalyzed relaxation of supercoiled DNA. Wakayin enhanced cleavage complex formation at the same DNA sequences as camptothecin. Both compounds showed dose-related increases in cleavage complex formation, though wakayin's effect is attenuated at high concentrations. Wakayin is a string DNA binder. Wakayin also differed from camptothecin in that its cleavage complexes were much less stable than those of camptothecin in 0.5 M NaCl. Again in contrast to camptothecin, wakayin stabilized cleavage complexes poorly, if at all, at 0 degree C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kokoshka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Capson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
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Frey MW, Nossal NG, Capson TL, Benkovic SJ. Construction and characterization of a bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase deficient in 3'-->5' exonuclease activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:2579-83. [PMID: 8464864 PMCID: PMC46138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.7.2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase has a proofreading 3'-->5' exonuclease that plays an important role in maintaining the accuracy of DNA replication. We have constructed a T4 DNA polymerase deficient in this exonuclease by converting Asp-219 to Ala. The exonuclease activity of the mutant T4 DNA polymerase has been reduced by a factor of at least 10(7), but it retains a polymerase activity whose kinetic parameters, kcat, Kd DNA, and Kd dATP, are very close to those of the wild-type enzyme. Bacteriophage T4 with the mutant polymerase gene has a markedly increased mutation frequency. Asp-219 in T4 DNA polymerase is within a sequence similar to those surrounding Asp residues previously shown to be essential for the exonuclease activities of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Asp-424), bacteriophage phi 29 DNA polymerase (Asp-66), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase delta (Asp-405). Thus, these studies support the proposal that there are similar sequences in the active sites for the proofreading exonucleases of these and related DNA polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Frey
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, Davey Laboratory, University Park 16802
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Capson TL, Peliska JA, Kaboord BF, Frey MW, Lively C, Dahlberg M, Benkovic SJ. Kinetic characterization of the polymerase and exonuclease activities of the gene 43 protein of bacteriophage T4. Biochemistry 1992; 31:10984-94. [PMID: 1332748 DOI: 10.1021/bi00160a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The DNA polymerase from the bacteriophage T4 is part of a multienzyme complex required for the synthesis of DNA. As a first step in understanding the contributions of individual proteins to the dynamic properties of the complex, e.g., turnover, processivity, and fidelity of replication, the minimal kinetic schemes for the polymerase and exonuclease activities of the gene 43 protein have been determined by pre-steady-state kinetic methods and fit by computer simulation. A DNA primer/template (13/20-mer) was used as substrate; duplexes that contained more single-strand DNA resulted in nonproductive binding of the polymerase. The reaction sequence features an ordered addition of 13/20-mer followed by dATP to the T4 enzyme (dissociation constants of 70 nM and 20 microM) followed by rapid conversion (400 s-1) of the T4.13/20-mer.dATP complex to the T4.14/20-mer.PPi product species. A slow step (2 s-1) following PPi release limits a single turnover, although this step is bypassed in multiple incorporations (13/20-mer-->17/20-mer) which occur at rates > 400 s-1. Competition between correct versus incorrect nucleotides relative to the template strand indicates that the dissociation constants for the incorrect nucleotides are at millimolar values, thus providing evidence that the T4 polymerase, like the T7 but unlike the Klenow fragment polymerases, discriminates by factors > 10(3) against misincorporation in the nucleotide binding step. The exonuclease activity of the T4 enzyme requires an activation step, i.e., T4.DNA-->T4.(DNA)*, whose rate constants reflect whether the 3'-terminus of the primer is matched or mismatched; for matched 13/20-mer the constant is 1 s-1, and for mismatched 13T/20-mer, 5 s-1. Evidence is presented from crossover experiments that this step may represent a melting of the terminus of the duplex, which is followed by rapid exonucleolytic cleavage (100s-1). In the presence of the correct dNTP, primer extension is the rate-limiting step rather than a step involving travel of the duplex between separated exonuclease and polymerase sites. Since the rate constant for 13/20-mer or 13T/20-mer dissociation from the enzyme is 6 or 8 s-1 and competes with that for activation, the exonucleolytic editing by the enzyme alone in a single pass is somewhat inefficient (5 s-1/(8 s-1+5 s-1)), ca. 40%. Consequently, a major role for the accessory proteins may be to slow the rate of enzyme.substrate dissociation, thereby increasing overall fidelity and processivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Capson
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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Capson TL, Benkovic SJ, Nossal NG. Protein-DNA cross-linking demonstrates stepwise ATP-dependent assembly of T4 DNA polymerase and its accessory proteins on the primer-template. Cell 1991; 65:249-58. [PMID: 1849797 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90159-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
T4 DNA polymerase, the 44/62 and 45 polymerase accessory proteins, and 32 single-stranded DNA-binding protein catalyze ATP-dependent DNA synthesis. Using DNA primers with cross-linkable residues at specific positions, we obtained structural data that reveal how these proteins assemble on the primer-template. With the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog ATP gamma S, assembly of the 44/62 and 45 proteins on the primer requires 32 protein but not polymerase. ATP hydrolysis changes the position and intensity of cross-linking to each of the accessory proteins and allows cross-linking of polymerase. Our data indicate that the initial binding of the three accessory proteins and ATP to a 32 protein-covered primer-template is followed by ATP hydrolysis, binding of polymerase, and movement of the accessory proteins to yield a complex capable of processive DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Capson
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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Bullard WP, Capson TL. Steady-state kinetics of bovine striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. Mol Pharmacol 1983; 23:104-11. [PMID: 6135141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The steady-state kinetics of tyrosine hydroxylase [L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating); EC 1.14.16.2] frequently exhibits complex features which confound interpretation of the results. Using an assay-enzyme system which is essentially devoid of the major mitigating kinetic features, a comprehensive kinetics data base has been compiled. The studies employed L-tyrosine, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxygen as substrates, and 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)L-alanine, a deazapterin, 3-iodo-L-tyrosine, and dopamine as product, substrate analogue, and product analogue inhibitors, respectively. All three reactants were varied pairwise, and all inhibitors (except dopamine) were tested with each of the three substrates as variable substrate. The entire data base was interpreted exclusively in terms of models for classic saturation kinetics of enzyme catalysis, providing an internally consistent kinetic model and evidence for a sequential mechanism with partially ordered sequences for substrate addition and product release. Some possible mechanisms and experimental variables relating these results to more complex kinetics of tyrosine hydroxylase are considered briefly.
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Darr RW, Capson TL, Hileman FD. Determination of hydrogen cyanide in blood using gas chromatography with alkali thermionic detection. Anal Chem 1980; 52:1379-81. [PMID: 6255825 DOI: 10.1021/ac50058a058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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