1
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Shen D, Wippel K, Remmel S, Zhang Y, Kuertoes N, Neumann U, Kopriva S, Andersen TG. The Arabidopsis SGN3/GSO1 receptor kinase integrates soil nitrogen status into shoot development. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00107-3. [PMID: 38698215 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Casparian strip is a barrier in the endodermal cell walls of plants that allows the selective uptake of nutrients and water. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, its development and establishment are under the control of a receptor-ligand mechanism termed the Schengen pathway. This pathway facilitates barrier formation and activates downstream compensatory responses in case of dysfunction. However, due to a very tight functional association with the Casparian strip, other potential signaling functions of the Schengen pathway remain obscure. In this work, we created a MYB36-dependent synthetic positive feedback loop that drives Casparian strip formation independently of Schengen-induced signaling. We evaluated this by subjecting plants in which the Schengen pathway has been uncoupled from barrier formation, as well as a number of established barrier-mutant plants, to agar-based and soil conditions that mimic agricultural settings. Under the latter conditions, the Schengen pathway is necessary for the establishment of nitrogen-deficiency responses in shoots. These data highlight Schengen signaling as an essential hub for the adaptive integration of signaling from the rhizosphere to aboveground tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Shen
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wippel
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Remmel
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Noah Kuertoes
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Regmi KC, Ghosh S, Koch B, Neumann U, Stein B, O'Connell RJ, Innes RW. Three-Dimensional Ultrastructure of Arabidopsis Cotyledons Infected with Colletotrichum higginsianum. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2024; 37:396-406. [PMID: 38148303 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0068-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to study the host-pathogen interface between Arabidopsis cotyledons and the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum. By combining high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution with SBF-SEM, followed by segmentation and reconstruction of the imaging volume using the freely accessible software IMOD, we created 3D models of the series of cytological events that occur during the Colletotrichum-Arabidopsis susceptible interaction. We found that the host cell membranes underwent massive expansion to accommodate the rapidly growing intracellular hypha. As the fungal infection proceeded from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic stage, the host cell membranes went through increasing levels of disintegration culminating in host cell death. Intriguingly, we documented autophagosomes in proximity to biotrophic hyphae using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a concurrent increase in autophagic flux between early to mid/late biotrophic phase of the infection process. Occasionally, we observed osmiophilic bodies in the vicinity of biotrophic hyphae using TEM only and near necrotrophic hyphae under both TEM and SBF-SEM. Overall, we established a method for obtaining serial SBF-SEM images, each with a lateral (x-y) pixel resolution of 10 nm and an axial (z) resolution of 40 nm, that can be reconstructed into interactive 3D models using the IMOD. Application of this method to the Colletotrichum-Arabidopsis pathosystem allowed us to more fully understand the spatial arrangement and morphological architecture of the fungal hyphae after they penetrate epidermal cells of Arabidopsis cotyledons and the cytological changes the host cell undergoes as the infection progresses toward necrotrophy. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh C Regmi
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | - Suchismita Ghosh
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | - Benjamin Koch
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Barry Stein
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | | | - Roger W Innes
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
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3
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Freh M, Reinstädler A, Neumann KD, Neumann U, Panstruga R. The development of pleiotropic phenotypes in powdery mildew-resistant barley and Arabidopsis thaliana mlo mutants is linked to nitrogen availability. Plant Cell Environ 2024. [PMID: 38515393 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew-resistant barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Arabidopsis thaliana mlo mutant plants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes such as the spontaneous formation of callose-rich cell wall appositions and early leaf chlorosis and necrosis, indicative of premature leaf senescence. The exogenous factors governing the occurrence of these undesired side effects remain poorly understood. Here, we characterised the formation of these symptoms in detail. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the callose-rich cell wall depositions spontaneously formed in A. thaliana mlo mutants are indistinguishable from those induced by the bacterial pattern epitope, flagellin 22 (flg22). We further found that increased plant densities during culturing enhance the extent of the leaf senescence syndrome in A. thaliana mlo mutants. Application of a liquid fertiliser rescued the occurrence of leaf chlorosis and necrosis in both A. thaliana and barley mlo mutant plants. Controlled fertilisation experiments uncovered nitrogen as the macronutrient whose deficiency promotes the extent of pleiotropic phenotypes in A. thaliana mlo mutants. Light intensity and temperature had a modulatory impact on the incidence of leaf necrosis in the case of barley mlo mutant plants. Collectively, our data indicate that the development of pleiotropic phenotypes associated with mlo mutants is governed by various exogenous factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Freh
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Reinstädler
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kira D Neumann
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Li XM, Jenke H, Strauss S, Bazakos C, Mosca G, Lymbouridou R, Kierzkowski D, Neumann U, Naik P, Huijser P, Laurent S, Smith RS, Runions A, Tsiantis M. Cell-cycle-linked growth reprogramming encodes developmental time into leaf morphogenesis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:541-556.e15. [PMID: 38244542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
How is time encoded into organ growth and morphogenesis? We address this question by investigating heteroblasty, where leaf development and form are modified with progressing plant age. By combining morphometric analyses, fate-mapping through live-imaging, computational analyses, and genetics, we identify age-dependent changes in cell-cycle-associated growth and histogenesis that underpin leaf heteroblasty. We show that in juvenile leaves, cell proliferation competence is rapidly released in a "proliferation burst" coupled with fast growth, whereas in adult leaves, proliferative growth is sustained for longer and at a slower rate. These effects are mediated by the SPL9 transcription factor in response to inputs from both shoot age and individual leaf maturation along the proximodistal axis. SPL9 acts by activating CyclinD3 family genes, which are sufficient to bypass the requirement for SPL9 in the control of leaf shape and in heteroblastic reprogramming of cellular growth. In conclusion, we have identified a mechanism that bridges across cell, tissue, and whole-organism scales by linking cell-cycle-associated growth control to age-dependent changes in organ geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Min Li
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Jenke
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sören Strauss
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christos Bazakos
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriella Mosca
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rena Lymbouridou
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Kierzkowski
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy (CeMic), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Purva Naik
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Huijser
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Laurent
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard S Smith
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Runions
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
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Peckham M, Neumann U, Culley S. Introduction to women in microscopy: Volume 1. J Microsc 2023; 291:3-4. [PMID: 37335013 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
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Gombos S, Miras M, Howe V, Xi L, Pottier M, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Schladt M, Ejike JO, Neumann U, Hänsch S, Kuttig F, Zhang Z, Dickmanns M, Xu P, Stefan T, Baumeister W, Frommer WB, Simon R, Schulze WX. A high-confidence Physcomitrium patens plasmodesmata proteome by iterative scoring and validation reveals diversification of cell wall proteins during evolution. New Phytol 2023; 238:637-653. [PMID: 36636779 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) facilitate movement of molecules between plant cells. Regulation of this movement is still not understood. Plasmodesmata are hard to study, being deeply embedded within cell walls and incorporating several membrane types. Thus, structure and protein composition of PD remain enigmatic. Previous studies of PD protein composition identified protein lists with few validations, making functional conclusions difficult. We developed a PD scoring approach in iteration with large-scale systematic localization, defining a high-confidence PD proteome of Physcomitrium patens (HC300). HC300, together with bona fide PD proteins from literature, were placed in Pddb. About 65% of proteins in HC300 were not previously PD-localized. Callose-degrading glycolyl hydrolase family 17 (GHL17) is an abundant protein family with representatives across evolutionary scale. Among GHL17s, we exclusively found members of one phylogenetic clade with PD localization and orthologs occur only in species with developed PD. Phylogenetic comparison was expanded to xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases and Exordium-like proteins, which also diversified into PD-localized and non-PD-localized members on distinct phylogenetic clades. Our high-confidence PD proteome HC300 provides insights into diversification of large protein families. Iterative and systematic large-scale localization across plant species strengthens the reliability of HC300 as basis for exploring structure, function, and evolution of this important organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gombos
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manuel Miras
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vicky Howe
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lin Xi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathieu Pottier
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Schladt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Obinna Ejike
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Kuttig
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcel Dickmanns
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stefan
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Transformative Biomolecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-0813, Japan
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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Viñegra de la Torre N, Vayssières A, Obeng-Hinneh E, Neumann U, Zhou Y, Lázaro A, Roggen A, Sun H, Stolze SC, Nakagami H, Schneeberger K, Timmers T, Albani MC. FLOWERING REPRESSOR AAA + ATPase 1 is a novel regulator of perennial flowering in Arabis alpina. New Phytol 2022; 236:729-744. [PMID: 35832005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arabis alpina is a polycarpic perennial, in which PERPETUAL FLOWERING1 (PEP1) regulates flowering and perennial traits in a vernalization-dependent manner. Mutagenesis screens of the pep1 mutant established the role of other flowering time regulators in PEP1-parallel pathways. Here we characterized three allelic enhancers of pep1 (eop002, 085 and 091) which flower early. We mapped the causal mutations and complemented mutants with the identified gene. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and reporter lines, we determined the protein spatiotemporal expression patterns and localization within the cell. We also characterized its role in Arabidopsis thaliana using CRISPR and in A. alpina by introgressing mutant alleles into a wild-type background. These mutants carried lesions in an AAA+ ATPase of unknown function, FLOWERING REPRESSOR AAA+ ATPase 1 (AaFRAT1). AaFRAT1 was detected in the vasculature of young leaf primordia and the rib zone of flowering shoot apical meristems. At the subcellular level, AaFRAT1 was localized at the interphase between the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Introgression lines carrying Aafrat1 alleles required less vernalization to flower and reduced number of vegetative axillary branches. By contrast, A. thaliana CRISPR lines showed weak flowering phenotypes. AaFRAT1 contributes to flowering time regulation and the perennial growth habit of A. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Viñegra de la Torre
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alice Vayssières
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Evelyn Obeng-Hinneh
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhao Zhou
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ana Lázaro
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adrian Roggen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hequan Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara C Stolze
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Korbinian Schneeberger
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ton Timmers
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria C Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Vogel A, Cervantes A, Chau I, Daniele B, Llovet JM, Meyer T, Nault JC, Neumann U, Ricke J, Sangro B, Schirmacher P, Verslype C, Zech CJ, Arnold D, Martinelli E. Corrigendum to "Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up": [Annals of Oncology 29 suppl. 4 (2018) v238-iv255]. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:666. [PMID: 35365377 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Chau
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Surrey, UK
| | - B Daniele
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, A. O. G. Rummo, Benevento, Italy
| | - J M Llovet
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, New York, USA; Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (BCLC), Unitat d'Hepatologia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Meyer
- Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - J-C Nault
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France
| | - U Neumann
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät der RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - J Ricke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Sangro
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Verslype
- Campus Gasthuisberg, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C J Zech
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Arnold
- Department Oncology, Section Hematology and Palliative Care AK Altona, Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Martinelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli Naples, Caserta, Italy
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Ökmen B, Schwammbach D, Bakkeren G, Neumann U, Doehlemann G. The Ustilago hordei-Barley Interaction Is a Versatile System for Characterization of Fungal Effectors. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:86. [PMID: 33513785 PMCID: PMC7912019 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens, such as Blumeria graminis and Puccinia graminis, are amongst the most devastating plant pathogens, causing dramatic yield losses in many economically important crops worldwide. However, a lack of reliable tools for the efficient genetic transformation has hampered studies into the molecular basis of their virulence or pathogenicity. In this study, we present the Ustilago hordei-barley pathosystem as a model to characterize effectors from different plant pathogenic fungi. We generate U. hordei solopathogenic strains, which form infectious filaments without the presence of a compatible mating partner. Solopathogenic strains are suitable for heterologous expression system for fungal virulence factors. A highly efficient Crispr/Cas9 gene editing system is made available for U. hordei. In addition, U. hordei infection structures during barley colonization are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, showing that U. hordei forms intracellular infection structures sharing high similarity to haustoria formed by obligate rust and powdery mildew fungi. Thus, U. hordei has high potential as a fungal expression platform for functional studies of heterologous effector proteins in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ökmen
- BioCenter, Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Schwammbach
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl von Frisch Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Guus Bakkeren
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada;
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- BioCenter, Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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10
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Neumann U, Satiat-Jeunemaitre BÉ. Introduction. J Microsc 2021; 280:71-74. [PMID: 33460136 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - BÉatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Zhou Y, Gan X, Viñegra de la Torre N, Neumann U, Albani MC. Beyond flowering time: diverse roles of an APETALA2-like transcription factor in shoot architecture and perennial traits. New Phytol 2021; 229:444-459. [PMID: 32745288 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycarpic perennials maintain vegetative growth after flowering. PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), the orthologue of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in Arabis alpina regulates flowering and contributes to polycarpy in a vernalisation-dependent pathway. pep1 mutants do not require vernalisation to flower and have reduced return to vegetative growth as all of their axillary branches become reproductive. To identify additional genes that regulate flowering and contribute to perennial traits we performed an enhancer screen of pep1. Using mapping-by-sequencing, we cloned a mutant (enhancer of pep1-055, eop055), performed transcriptome analysis and physiologically characterised the role it plays on perennial traits in an introgression line carrying the eop055 mutation and a functional PEP1 wild-type allele. eop055 flowers earlier than pep1 and carries a lesion in the A. alpina orthologue of the APETALA2 (AP2)-like gene, TARGET OF EAT2 (AaTOE2). AaTOE2 is a floral repressor and acts upstream of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 5 (AaSPL5). In the wild-type background, which requires cold treatment to flower, AaTOE2 regulates the age-dependent response to vernalisation. In addition, AaTOE2 ensures the maintenance of vegetative growth by delaying axillary meristem initiation and repressing flowering of axillary buds before and during cold exposure. We conclude that AaTOE2 is instrumental in fine tuning different developmental traits in the perennial life cycle of A. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Zhou
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Xiangchao Gan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Natanael Viñegra de la Torre
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Maria C Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, "From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules", Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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Vayssières A, Mishra P, Roggen A, Neumann U, Ljung K, Albani MC. Vernalization shapes shoot architecture and ensures the maintenance of dormant buds in the perennial Arabis alpina. New Phytol 2020; 227:99-115. [PMID: 32022273 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Perennials have a complex shoot architecture with axillary meristems organized in zones of differential bud activity and fate. This includes zones of buds maintained dormant for multiple seasons and used as reservoirs for potential growth in case of damage. The shoot of Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, consists of a zone of dormant buds placed between subapical vegetative and basal flowering branches. This shoot architecture is shaped after exposure to prolonged cold, required for flowering. To understand how vernalization ensures the maintenance of dormant buds, we performed physiological and transcriptome studies, followed the spatiotemporal changes of auxin, and generated transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate that the complex shoot architecture in A. alpina is shaped by its flowering behavior, specifically the initiation of inflorescences during cold treatment and rapid flowering after subsequent exposure to growth-promoting conditions. Dormant buds are already formed before cold treatment. However, dormancy in these buds is enhanced during, and stably maintained after, vernalization by a BRC1-dependent mechanism. Post-vernalization, stable maintenance of dormant buds is correlated with increased auxin response, transport, and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid levels in the stem. Here, we provide a functional link between flowering and the maintenance of dormant buds in perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Vayssières
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Priyanka Mishra
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Adrian Roggen
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Maria C Albani
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences 'From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules', Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne, 50829, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Seeds are dispersed by explosive coiling of the fruit valves in Cardamine hirsuta. This rapid coiling launches the small seeds on ballistic trajectories to spread over a 2 m radius around the parent plant. The seed surface interacts with both the coiling fruit valve during launch and subsequently with the air during flight. We aim to identify features of the seed surface that may contribute to these interactions by characterizing seed coat differentiation. METHODS Differentiation of the outermost seed coat layers from the outer integuments of the ovule involves dramatic cellular changes that we characterize in detail at the light and electron microscopical level including immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling. KEY RESULTS We found that the two outer integument (oi) layers of the seed coat contributed differently to the topography of the seed surface in the explosively dispersed seeds of C. hirsuta vs. the related species Arabidopsis thaliana where seed dispersal is non-explosive. The surface of A. thaliana seeds is shaped by the columella and the anticlinal cell walls of the epidermal oi2 layer. In contrast, the surface of C. hirsuta seeds is shaped by a network of prominent ridges formed by the anticlinal walls of asymmetrically thickened cells of the sub-epidermal oi1 layer, especially at the seed margin. Both the oi2 and oi1 cell layers in C. hirsuta seeds are characterized by specialized, pectin-rich cell walls that are deposited asymmetrically in the cell. CONCLUSIONS The two outermost seed coat layers in C. hirsuta have distinct properties: the sub-epidermal oi1 layer determines the topography of the seed surface, while the epidermal oi2 layer accumulates mucilage. These properties are influenced by polar deposition of distinct pectin polysaccharides in the cell wall. Although the ridged seed surface formed by oi1 cell walls is associated with ballistic dispersal in C. hirsuta, it is not restricted to explosively dispersed seeds in the Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
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Schulze-Hagen M, Truhn D, Duong F, Keil S, Pedersoli F, Kuhl CK, Lurje G, Neumann U, Isfort P, Bruners P, Zimmermann M. Correlation Between Sarcopenia and Growth Rate of the Future Liver Remnant After Portal Vein Embolization in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 43:875-881. [PMID: 31974746 PMCID: PMC7225189 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether sarcopenia and myosteatosis correlate with the degree of hypertrophy (DH) and kinetic growth rate (KiGR) of the future liver remnant (FLR) in patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing portal vein embolization (PVE) in preparation for right hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two patients were included. Total liver volume and FLR volume were measured before and 2-4 weeks after PVE. KiGR of the FLR was calculated. Sarcopenia was assessed using the total psoas muscle volume (PMV), the psoas muscle cross-sectional area (PMCS) and the total skeletal muscle index (L3SMI) at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra. Degree of myosteatosis was assessed by mean muscle attenuation at L3 (L3MA). Correlations between muscle indices and DH and KiGR were assessed using simple linear regression analyses. RESULTS Mean DH was 8.9 ± 5.7%, and mean KiGR was 3.6 ± 2.3. Mean PMV was 55.56 ± 14.19 cm3/m3, mean PMCS was 8.76 ± 2.3 cm2/m2, mean L3SMI was 45.6 ± 9.89 cm2/m2, and mean L3MA was 27.9 ± 18.6 HU. There was a strong positive correlation between PMV and DH (R = 0.503, p = 0.001) and PMV and KiGR (R = 0.545, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a moderate correlation between PMCS and KiGR (R = 0.389, p = 0.014). L3SMI and L3MA were neither associated with DH (p = 0.390 and p = 0.768, respectively) nor with KiGR (p = 0.188 and p = 0.929, respectively). CONCLUSION We identified a positive correlation between PMV and PMCS, as markers for sarcopenia, and the KiGR of the FLR after PVE. PMV and PMCS might therefore aid to identify patients who are poor candidates for FLR augmentation using PVE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulze-Hagen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany.
| | - D Truhn
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - F Duong
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - S Keil
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - F Pedersoli
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - C K Kuhl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - G Lurje
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - U Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - P Isfort
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - P Bruners
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany
| | - M Zimmermann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, DE, Germany
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Neumann
- MPI for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Wawra S, Fesel P, Widmer H, Neumann U, Lahrmann U, Becker S, Hehemann JH, Langen G, Zuccaro A. FGB1 and WSC3 are in planta-induced β-glucan-binding fungal lectins with different functions. New Phytol 2019; 222:1493-1506. [PMID: 30688363 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the root endophyte Serendipita indica, several lectin-like members of the expanded multigene family of WSC proteins are transcriptionally induced in planta and are potentially involved in β-glucan remodeling at the fungal cell wall. Using biochemical and cytological approaches we show that one of these lectins, SiWSC3 with three WSC domains, is an integral fungal cell wall component that binds to long-chain β1-3-glucan but has no affinity for shorter β1-3- or β1-6-linked glucose oligomers. Comparative analysis with the previously identified β-glucan-binding lectin SiFGB1 demonstrated that whereas SiWSC3 does not require β1-6-linked glucose for efficient binding to branched β1-3-glucan, SiFGB1 does. In contrast to SiFGB1, the multivalent SiWSC3 lectin can efficiently agglutinate fungal cells and is additionally induced during fungus-fungus confrontation, suggesting different functions for these two β-glucan-binding lectins. Our results highlight the importance of the β-glucan cell wall component in plant-fungus interactions and the potential of β-glucan-binding lectins as specific detection tools for fungi in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wawra
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Philipp Fesel
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Heidi Widmer
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy (CeMic), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Urs Lahrmann
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, MARUM, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, MARUM, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Gregor Langen
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
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Vogel A, Cervantes A, Chau I, Daniele B, Llovet JM, Meyer T, Nault JC, Neumann U, Ricke J, Sangro B, Schirmacher P, Verslype C, Zech CJ, Arnold D, Martinelli E. Correction to: “Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up". Ann Oncol 2019; 30:871-873. [PMID: 30715202 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
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18
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Vogel A, Cervantes A, Chau I, Daniele B, Llovet JM, Meyer T, Nault JC, Neumann U, Ricke J, Sangro B, Schirmacher P, Verslype C, Zech CJ, Arnold D, Martinelli E. Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:iv238-iv255. [PMID: 30285213 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Chau
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Surrey, UK
| | - B Daniele
- Direttore Dipartimento di Oncologia e U.O.C. Oncologia Medica A.O., Benevento, Italy
| | - J M Llovet
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, New York, USA
- Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (BCLC), Unitat d'Hepatologia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Meyer
- Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - J-C Nault
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France
| | - U Neumann
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät der RWTH Aachen
| | - J Ricke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Sangro
- Liver Unit, Clinica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Verslype
- Campus Gasthuisberg, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C J Zech
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Arnold
- Department Oncology, Section Hematology and Palliative Care AK Altona, Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Martinelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli Naples, Caserta, Italy
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Koskela MM, Brünje A, Ivanauskaite A, Grabsztunowicz M, Lassowskat I, Neumann U, Dinh TV, Sindlinger J, Schwarzer D, Wirtz M, Tyystjärvi E, Finkemeier I, Mulo P. Chloroplast Acetyltransferase NSI Is Required for State Transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 2018; 30:1695-1709. [PMID: 29967049 PMCID: PMC6139681 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The amount of light energy received by the photosynthetic reaction centers photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) is balanced through state transitions. Reversible phosphorylation of a light-harvesting antenna trimer (L-LHCII) orchestrates the association between L-LHCII and the photosystems, thus adjusting the amount of excitation energy received by the reaction centers. In this study, we identified the enzyme NUCLEAR SHUTTLE INTERACTING (NSI; AT1G32070) as an active lysine acetyltransferase in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana Intriguingly, nsi knockout mutant plants were defective in state transitions, even though they had a similar LHCII phosphorylation pattern as the wild type. Accordingly, nsi plants were not able to accumulate the PSI-LHCII state transition complex, even though the LHCII docking site of PSI and the overall amounts of photosynthetic protein complexes remained unchanged. Instead, the nsi mutants showed a decreased Lys acetylation status of specific photosynthetic proteins including PSI, PSII, and LHCII subunits. Our work demonstrates that the chloroplast acetyltransferase NSI is needed for the dynamic reorganization of thylakoid protein complexes during photosynthetic state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna M Koskela
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Brünje
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Aiste Ivanauskaite
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Magda Grabsztunowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ines Lassowskat
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Trinh V Dinh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Sindlinger
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Paula Mulo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Robin GP, Kleemann J, Neumann U, Cabre L, Dallery JF, Lapalu N, O’Connell RJ. Subcellular Localization Screening of Colletotrichum higginsianum Effector Candidates Identifies Fungal Proteins Targeted to Plant Peroxisomes, Golgi Bodies, and Microtubules. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:562. [PMID: 29770142 PMCID: PMC5942036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The genome of the hemibiotrophic anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum higginsianum, encodes a large inventory of putative secreted effector proteins that are sequentially expressed at different stages of plant infection, namely appressorium-mediated penetration, biotrophy and necrotrophy. However, the destinations to which these proteins are addressed inside plant cells are unknown. In the present study, we selected 61 putative effector genes that are highly induced in appressoria and/or biotrophic hyphae. We then used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to transiently express them as N-terminal fusions with fluorescent proteins in cells of Nicotiana benthamiana for imaging by confocal microscopy. Plant compartments labeled by the fusion proteins in N. benthamiana were validated by co-localization with specific organelle markers, by transient expression of the proteins in the true host plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and by transmission electron microscopy-immunogold labeling. Among those proteins for which specific subcellular localizations could be verified, nine were imported into plant nuclei, three were imported into the matrix of peroxisomes, three decorated cortical microtubule arrays and one labeled Golgi stacks. Two peroxisome-targeted proteins harbored canonical C-terminal tripeptide signals for peroxisome import via the PTS1 (peroxisomal targeting signal 1) pathway, and we showed that these signals are essential for their peroxisome localization. Our findings provide valuable information about which host processes are potentially manipulated by this pathogen, and also reveal plant peroxisomes, microtubules, and Golgi as novel targets for fungal effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume P. Robin
- UMR BIOGER, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Jochen Kleemann
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Cabre
- UMR BIOGER, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Jean-Félix Dallery
- UMR BIOGER, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Lapalu
- UMR BIOGER, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Richard J. O’Connell
- UMR BIOGER, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- *Correspondence: Richard J. O’Connell,
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21
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Heise D, Bayings W, Tuinhof A, Eickhoff R, Kroh A, Ulmer F, Dejong CHC, Neumann U, Binnebösel M. Long-term outcome and quality of life after initial and repeat resection of colorectal liver metastasis: A retrospective analysis. Int J Surg 2017; 48:281-285. [PMID: 29175019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeat hepatectomy is a widely accepted treatment for patients with recurrent colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). The aim of this study was to compare initial and repeat hepatic resection concerning overall survival, prognostic factors and postoperative quality of life. METHODS Data on patients who underwent initial or repeat hepatic resection for CRLM between 2010 and 2016 were prospectively collected and retrospectively evaluated. Follow-up data, EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LMC21 questionnaire results for quality of life (QoL) evaluation were analyzed. RESULTS 160 patients at a median age of 62.8 ± 11.8 years were analyzed. 122 were initially resected and 38 underwent a repeat hepatic resection. Disease-free survival (DSF) was superior in the initial resection group (p < 0.001), while there was no difference in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.288). BMI >30 (p = 0.012), extrahepatic tumor manifestation (p = 0.037), >1 CRLM manifestation (p = 0.009), and perioperative chemotherapy (p = 0.006) in the initial resection group and primary left colon tumor (p = 0.001) in the repeat resection group were identified as prognostic factors in multivariate Cox regression analysis. EORTC QLQ-LMC-21 module symptom score displayed an increased occurrence of a dry mouth in the initial hepatectomy group (p = 0.003). EORTC QLQ-C30 general functioning and symptom scores showed no difference. CONCLUSION Repeat hepatic resection for CRLM is as effective as primary surgical treatment in terms of OS and QoL. Patients should be selected carefully concerning prognostic factors as DFS is decreased after repeat hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Heise
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - W Bayings
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Tuinhof
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R Eickhoff
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Kroh
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - C H C Dejong
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - U Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Binnebösel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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22
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Sinclair SA, Larue C, Bonk L, Khan A, Castillo-Michel H, Stein RJ, Grolimund D, Begerow D, Neumann U, Haydon MJ, Krämer U. Etiolated Seedling Development Requires Repression of Photomorphogenesis by a Small Cell-Wall-Derived Dark Signal. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3403-3418.e7. [PMID: 29103938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Etiolated growth in darkness or the irreversible transition to photomorphogenesis in the light engages alternative developmental programs operating across all organs of a plant seedling. Dark-grown Arabidopsis de-etiolated by zinc (dez) mutants exhibit morphological, cellular, metabolic, and transcriptional characteristics of light-grown seedlings. We identify the causal mutation in TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE encoding a putative acyl transferase. Pectin acetylation is decreased in dez, as previously found in the reduced wall acetylation2-3 mutant, shown here to phenocopy dez. Moreover, pectin of dez is excessively methylesterified. The addition of very short fragments of homogalacturonan, tri-galacturonate, and tetra-galacturonate, restores skotomorphogenesis in dark-grown dez and similar mutants, suggesting that the mutants are unable to generate these de-methylesterified pectin fragments. In combination with genetic data, we propose a model of spatiotemporally separated photoreceptive and signal-responsive cell types, which contain overlapping subsets of the regulatory network of light-dependent seedling development and communicate via a pectin-derived dark signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sinclair
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Camille Larue
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Bonk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany; Geobotany, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Asif Khan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hiram Castillo-Michel
- ID21 Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Ricardo J Stein
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Begerow
- Geobotany, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael J Haydon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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23
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Heidenreich A, Haidl F, Paffenholz P, Pape C, Neumann U, Pfister D. Surgical management of complex residual masses following systemic chemotherapy for metastatic testicular germ cell tumours. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:362-367. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Gan X, Hay A, Kwantes M, Haberer G, Hallab A, Ioio RD, Hofhuis H, Pieper B, Cartolano M, Neumann U, Nikolov LA, Song B, Hajheidari M, Briskine R, Kougioumoutzi E, Vlad D, Broholm S, Hein J, Meksem K, Lightfoot D, Shimizu KK, Shimizu-Inatsugi R, Imprialou M, Kudrna D, Wing R, Sato S, Huijser P, Filatov D, X Mayer KF, Mott R, Tsiantis M. Erratum: The Cardamine hirsuta genome offers insight into the evolution of morphological diversity. Nat Plants 2016; 2:16189. [PMID: 27819656 PMCID: PMC9119268 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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25
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Gan X, Hay A, Kwantes M, Haberer G, Hallab A, Ioio RD, Hofhuis H, Pieper B, Cartolano M, Neumann U, Nikolov LA, Song B, Hajheidari M, Briskine R, Kougioumoutzi E, Vlad D, Broholm S, Hein J, Meksem K, Lightfoot D, Shimizu KK, Shimizu-Inatsugi R, Imprialou M, Kudrna D, Wing R, Sato S, Huijser P, Filatov D, Mayer KFX, Mott R, Tsiantis M. The Cardamine hirsuta genome offers insight into the evolution of morphological diversity. Nat Plants 2016; 2:16167. [PMID: 27797353 PMCID: PMC8826541 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Finding causal relationships between genotypic and phenotypic variation is a key focus of evolutionary biology, human genetics and plant breeding. To identify genome-wide patterns underlying trait diversity, we assembled a high-quality reference genome of Cardamine hirsuta, a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We combined comparative genome and transcriptome analyses with the experimental tools available in C. hirsuta to investigate gene function and phenotypic diversification. Our findings highlight the prevalent role of transcription factors and tandem gene duplications in morphological evolution. We identified a specific role for the transcriptional regulators PLETHORA5/7 in shaping leaf diversity and link tandem gene duplication with differential gene expression in the explosive seed pod of C. hirsuta. Our work highlights the value of comparative approaches in genetically tractable species to understand the genetic basis for evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Gan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Michiel Kwantes
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Asis Hallab
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
- Present Address: †Present address: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (R.D.I.). The Global Food Security, BBSRC, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1UH, UK (E.K.). Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (S.B.),
| | - Hugo Hofhuis
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Bjorn Pieper
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Maria Cartolano
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Lachezar A. Nikolov
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Baoxing Song
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Mohsen Hajheidari
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Roman Briskine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Kougioumoutzi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
- Present Address: †Present address: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (R.D.I.). The Global Food Security, BBSRC, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1UH, UK (E.K.). Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (S.B.),
| | - Daniela Vlad
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
| | - Suvi Broholm
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
- Present Address: †Present address: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy (R.D.I.). The Global Food Security, BBSRC, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1UH, UK (E.K.). Institute of Biotechnology, Viikinkaari 1, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (S.B.),
| | - Jotun Hein
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, OX1 3TG Oxford UK
| | - Khalid Meksem
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901 Illinois USA
| | - David Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901 Illinois USA
| | - Kentaro K. Shimizu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martha Imprialou
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, OX1 3TG Oxford UK
| | - David Kudrna
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, 85721 Arizona USA
| | - Rod Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, 85721 Arizona USA
| | - Shusei Sato
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
| | - Peter Huijser
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Dmitry Filatov
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB Oxford UK
| | - Klaus F. X. Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard Mott
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London UK
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
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26
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Neumann U, Goehler T, Hering-Schubert C, Janssen J, Sahm S, Schwittay M, Zahn M, Stenzel K, Overkamp F. Impact of surgical resection of liver metastases on outcome of patients with KRAS-wildtype exon 2 (KRAS-wt) metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) treated with a cetuximab-based first-line therapy - Interim analysis of the German non-interventional study ERBITAG. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Neumann U, Denecke T, Pratschke J, Lang H, Bemelmans M, Becker T, Rentsch M, Seehofer D, Bruns C, Gebauer B, Folprecht G, Stintzing S, Held S, Heinemann V, Modest D. Evaluation for surgical treatment options in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) – a retrospective, central evaluation of FIRE-3. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Takahara H, Hacquard S, Kombrink A, Hughes HB, Halder V, Robin GP, Hiruma K, Neumann U, Shinya T, Kombrink E, Shibuya N, Thomma BPHJ, O'Connell RJ. Colletotrichum higginsianum extracellular LysM proteins play dual roles in appressorial function and suppression of chitin-triggered plant immunity. New Phytol 2016; 211:1323-37. [PMID: 27174033 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The genome of the hemibiotrophic anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum higginsianum, encodes a large repertoire of candidate-secreted effectors containing LysM domains, but the role of such proteins in the pathogenicity of any Colletotrichum species is unknown. Here, we characterized the function of two effectors, ChELP1 and ChELP2, which are transcriptionally activated during the initial intracellular biotrophic phase of infection. Using immunocytochemistry, we found that ChELP2 is concentrated on the surface of bulbous biotrophic hyphae at the interface with living host cells but is absent from filamentous necrotrophic hyphae. We show that recombinant ChELP1 and ChELP2 bind chitin and chitin oligomers in vitro with high affinity and specificity and that both proteins suppress the chitin-triggered activation of two immune-related plant mitogen-activated protein kinases in the host Arabidopsis. Using RNAi-mediated gene silencing, we found that ChELP1 and ChELP2 are essential for fungal virulence and appressorium-mediated penetration of both Arabidopsis epidermal cells and cellophane membranes in vitro. The findings suggest a dual role for these LysM proteins as effectors for suppressing chitin-triggered immunity and as proteins required for appressorium function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takahara
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Kombrink
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Bleddyn Hughes
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vivek Halder
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guillaume P Robin
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Kei Hiruma
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Erich Kombrink
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Bart P H J Thomma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J O'Connell
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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29
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Kühl I, Miranda M, Posse V, Milenkovic D, Mourier A, Siira SJ, Bonekamp NA, Neumann U, Filipovska A, Polosa PL, Gustafsson CM, Larsson NG. POLRMT regulates the switch between replication primer formation and gene expression of mammalian mtDNA. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600963. [PMID: 27532055 PMCID: PMC4975551 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital in providing cellular energy via their oxidative phosphorylation system, which requires the coordinated expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). Transcription of the circular mammalian mtDNA depends on a single mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT). Although the transcription initiation process is well understood, it is debated whether POLRMT also serves as the primase for the initiation of mtDNA replication. In the nucleus, the RNA polymerases needed for gene expression have no such role. Conditional knockout of Polrmt in the heart results in severe mitochondrial dysfunction causing dilated cardiomyopathy in young mice. We further studied the molecular consequences of different expression levels of POLRMT and found that POLRMT is essential for primer synthesis to initiate mtDNA replication in vivo. Furthermore, transcription initiation for primer formation has priority over gene expression. Surprisingly, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) exists in an mtDNA-free pool in the Polrmt knockout mice. TFAM levels remain unchanged despite strong mtDNA depletion, and TFAM is thus protected from degradation of the AAA(+) Lon protease in the absence of POLRMT. Last, we report that mitochondrial transcription elongation factor may compensate for a partial depletion of POLRMT in heterozygous Polrmt knockout mice, indicating a direct regulatory role of this factor in transcription. In conclusion, we present in vivo evidence that POLRMT has a key regulatory role in the replication of mammalian mtDNA and is part of a transcriptional mechanism that provides a switch between primer formation for mtDNA replication and mitochondrial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kühl
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Miranda
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Viktor Posse
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborgs Universitet, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dusanka Milenkovic
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnaud Mourier
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Université de Bordeaux and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires UMR 5095, Saint-Saëns, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefan J. Siira
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Nina A. Bonekamp
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Paola Loguercio Polosa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Claes M. Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborgs Universitet, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Zimmermann T, Beckebaum S, Berg C, Berg T, Braun F, Eurich D, Herzer K, Neumann U, Rupp C, Sterneck M, Strassburg C, Welker MW, Zachoval R, Gotthardt DN, Weigand K, Schmidt H, Wedemeyer H, Galle PR, Zeuzem S, Sarrazin C. [Expert recommendations: Hepatitis C and transplantation]. Z Gastroenterol 2016; 54:665-84. [PMID: 27429106 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-107360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With the approval of new direct acting antiviral agents (DAA), therapeutic options for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are now generally available before and after liver transplantation (LT). Interferon-free DAA regimens are highly effective therapies and provide a good safety profile. However, the body of clinical evidence in this patient population is limited and the best treatment strategies for patients on the waiting list with (de)compensated cirrhosis and after LT are not well defined. The following recommendations for antiviral therapy in the context of LT are based on the currently available literature and clinical experience of experts in the field, and have been discussed in an expert meeting. The aim of this article is to guide clinicians in the decision making when treating patients before and after LT with DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zimmermann
- I. Med. Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - S Beckebaum
- Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster
| | - C Berg
- Abteilung Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - T Berg
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - F Braun
- Transplantationszentrum, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
| | - D Eurich
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - K Herzer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie/Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen
| | - U Neumann
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät, RWTH Aachen
| | - C Rupp
- Abteilung Innere Medizin IV, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - M Sterneck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hepatobiliäre Chirurgie und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - C Strassburg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - M-W Welker
- Med. Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | - R Zachoval
- Transplantationszentrum München der LMU, München
| | - D N Gotthardt
- Abteilung Innere Medizin IV, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - K Weigand
- Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
| | - H Schmidt
- Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster
| | - H Wedemeyer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - P R Galle
- I. Med. Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - S Zeuzem
- Med. Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | - C Sarrazin
- Med. Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
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Hiruma K, Gerlach N, Sacristán S, Nakano RT, Hacquard S, Kracher B, Neumann U, Ramírez D, Bucher M, O'Connell RJ, Schulze-Lefert P. Root Endophyte Colletotrichum tofieldiae Confers Plant Fitness Benefits that Are Phosphate Status Dependent. Cell 2016. [PMID: 26997485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.028s0092-8674(16)30130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A staggering diversity of endophytic fungi associate with healthy plants in nature, but it is usually unclear whether these represent stochastic encounters or provide host fitness benefits. Although most characterized species of the fungal genus Colletotrichum are destructive pathogens, we show here that C. tofieldiae (Ct) is an endemic endophyte in natural Arabidopsis thaliana populations in central Spain. Colonization by Ct initiates in roots but can also spread systemically into shoots. Ct transfers the macronutrient phosphorus to shoots, promotes plant growth, and increases fertility only under phosphorus-deficient conditions, a nutrient status that might have facilitated the transition from pathogenic to beneficial lifestyles. The host's phosphate starvation response (PSR) system controls Ct root colonization and is needed for plant growth promotion (PGP). PGP also requires PEN2-dependent indole glucosinolate metabolism, a component of innate immune responses, indicating a functional link between innate immunity and the PSR system during beneficial interactions with Ct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hiruma
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192 Nara, Japan
| | - Nina Gerlach
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA) and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ryohei Thomas Nakano
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Kracher
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Diana Ramírez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA) and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard J O'Connell
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Hiruma K, Gerlach N, Sacristán S, Nakano RT, Hacquard S, Kracher B, Neumann U, Ramírez D, Bucher M, O'Connell RJ, Schulze-Lefert P. Root Endophyte Colletotrichum tofieldiae Confers Plant Fitness Benefits that Are Phosphate Status Dependent. Cell 2016; 165:464-74. [PMID: 26997485 PMCID: PMC4826447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A staggering diversity of endophytic fungi associate with healthy plants in nature, but it is usually unclear whether these represent stochastic encounters or provide host fitness benefits. Although most characterized species of the fungal genus Colletotrichum are destructive pathogens, we show here that C. tofieldiae (Ct) is an endemic endophyte in natural Arabidopsis thaliana populations in central Spain. Colonization by Ct initiates in roots but can also spread systemically into shoots. Ct transfers the macronutrient phosphorus to shoots, promotes plant growth, and increases fertility only under phosphorus-deficient conditions, a nutrient status that might have facilitated the transition from pathogenic to beneficial lifestyles. The host's phosphate starvation response (PSR) system controls Ct root colonization and is needed for plant growth promotion (PGP). PGP also requires PEN2-dependent indole glucosinolate metabolism, a component of innate immune responses, indicating a functional link between innate immunity and the PSR system during beneficial interactions with Ct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hiruma
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192 Nara, Japan
| | - Nina Gerlach
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA) and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ryohei Thomas Nakano
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Kracher
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Diana Ramírez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA) and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard J O'Connell
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Salisch H, Ryll M, Hinz KH, Neumann U. Experiences with multispecies polymerase chain reaction and specific oligonucleotide probes for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Pathol 2016; 28:337-44. [PMID: 26905489 DOI: 10.1080/03079459994588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Amplified fragments of the rDNA coding for 16S rRNA of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) were blotted on nylon membranes, followed by dot-blot detection with two species-specific digoxigenin-(DIG)-labeled oligonucleotide probes. The sensitivity and specifity of the tests were determined in titration studies with purified homologous and heterologous DNA. With the detection protocol used, the MSYV8/31 probe showed 100% specifity for MS, while both MG and the related species Mycoplasma imitans were recognized by the MGAV8/31 probe. Both DIG-labeled oligonucleotides gave positive results in the colorimetric assay with 10 to 100 ng homologous non-amplified DNA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplificates of 100 fg homologous template DNA. There was no reaction with heterologous strains when amplificates starting with a 106-fold amount of template DNA (100 ng) were tested in dot-blots. The suitability for field samples was demonstrated with tracheal swabs from turkeys and chickens, and the results were compared with mycoplasma growth in cultures of the same swabs. Both tests had an accuracy of over 95%, a high sensitivity and specificity, and high predictive values of positive or negative results. There was no significant difference between the results obtained by the two methods. PCR in combination with dot-blotting is a relatively simple method for the detection of mycoplasma infections, and a valuable extension of current diagnostic tools.
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Chaker AM, Al-Kadah B, Luther U, Neumann U, Wagenmann M. An accelerated dose escalation with a grass pollen allergoid is safe and well-tolerated: a randomized open label phase II trial. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:4. [PMID: 26839682 PMCID: PMC4736162 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The number of injections in the dose escalation of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is small for some currently used hypoallergenic allergoids, but can still be inconvenient to patients and can impair compliance. The aim of this trial was to compare safety and tolerability of an accelerated to the conventional dose escalation scheme of a grass pollen allergoid.
Methods In an open label phase II trial, 122 patients were 1:1 randomized for SCIT using a grass pollen allergoid with an accelerated dose escalation comprising only 4 weekly injections (Group I) or a conventional dose escalation including 7 weekly injections (Group II). Safety determination included the occurrence of local and systemic adverse events. Tolerability was assessed by patients and physicians. Results Treatment-related adverse events were observed in 22 (36.1 %) patients in Group I and 15 (24.6 %) in Group II. Local reactions were reported by 18 patients in Group I and 11 in Group II. Five Grade 1 systemic reactions (WAO classification) were observed in Group I and 2 in Group II. Grade 2 reactions occurred 3 times in Group I and 2 times in Group II. Tolerability was rated as “good” or “very good” by 53 (86.9 %) patients in Group I and 59 (100 %) in Group II by investigators. Forty-eight patients in Group I (80.0 %) and 54 in Group II (91.5 %) rated tolerability as “good” or “very good”. Conclusions The dose escalation of a grass pollen allergoid can be accelerated with safety and tolerability profiles comparable to the conventional dose escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Chaker
- Department of Otolaryngology and ZAUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - B Al-Kadah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Centre, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - U Luther
- Joint Practice of Dermatologists, Allergology - Phlebology, Kaiser-Joseph-Str. 145, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - U Neumann
- ENT Medicine, Bahnhofstr. 18, 39326 Wolmirstedt, Germany
| | - M Wagenmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Giebeler A, Brandenburg LO, Wang JM, Neumann U. FPR1 might play a relevant role in prevention of liver fibrosis. Z Gastroenterol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1567951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lutz HH, Schroeter B, Kroy DC, Neumann U, Trautwein C, Tischendorf JJW. Doppler Ultrasound and Transient Elastography in Liver Transplant Patients for Noninvasive Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis in Comparison with Histology: A Prospective Observational Study. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2825-31. [PMID: 25972148 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Accurate quantification of progressive liver disease is essential for therapeutic decisions and follow-up for patients who underwent liver transplantation. To evaluate the quality of noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in these patients, we compared Doppler ultrasound of the hepatic blood vessels as well as transient elastography (TE, FibroScan(®)) with liver biopsy following transplantation. METHODS We performed Doppler ultrasound of the hepatic veins, hepatic artery, and portal vein as well as a TE in 48 patients who underwent liver transplantation 12 months ago. Hepatic venous flow was evaluated by determination of the resistance index (HVRI) of the right hepatic vein. Doppler and TE results were compared with histopathologic workup of a 12-month protocol liver biopsy after transplantation. RESULTS HVRI showed a high reliability in predicting liver fibrosis stage FII or higher (AUROC of 0.99 ± 0.001 for FII or higher, the HVRI < 1.05 with a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 91.43 %) compared to histopathologic workup (Desmet's score) and was comparable to TE analysis. Both HVRI and TE differed significantly in no or minimal fibrosis versus FII or higher (p < 0.001). In contrast, portal vein and hepatic artery did not show significant changes in blood flow in our study population. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic vein flow resistance index is a valuable tool in noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis in liver transplantation follow-up predicting FII or higher and might help reducing the number of protocol biopsies needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lutz
- Medical Department III (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases), University Hospital Aachen (RWTH), Pauwelstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Röth A, Slabu I, Kolvenbach K, Engelmann U, Baumann M, Schmitz-Rode T, Trahms L, Neumann U. Aufnahmekinetik von magnetischen Nanopartikeln zur Tumortherapie in humanen Pankreaskarzinomzelllinien. Z Gastroenterol 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pedersoli F, Pedersoli F, Isfort P, Zimmermann M, Liebl M, Schulze-Hagen M, Goerg F, Neumann U, Kuhl C, Bruners P. Sicherheit und Effektivität der Stentgraftimplantation für die Behandlung von iatrogener Aneurysmen der Arteria hepatica. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1551094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kim H, O'Connell R, Maekawa-Yoshikawa M, Uemura T, Neumann U, Schulze-Lefert P. The powdery mildew resistance protein RPW8.2 is carried on VAMP721/722 vesicles to the extrahaustorial membrane of haustorial complexes. Plant J 2014; 79:835-47. [PMID: 24941879 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ multiple cell-autonomous defense mechanisms to impede pathogenesis of microbial intruders. Previously we identified an exocytosis defense mechanism in Arabidopsis against pathogenic powdery mildew fungi. This pre-invasive defense mechanism depends on the formation of ternary protein complexes consisting of the plasma membrane-localized PEN1 syntaxin, the adaptor protein SNAP33 and closely sequence-related vesicle-resident VAMP721 or VAMP722 proteins. The Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to powdery mildew 8.2 protein (RPW8.2) confers disease resistance against powdery mildews upon fungal entry into host cells and is specifically targeted to the extrahaustorial membrane (EHM), which envelops the haustorial complex of the fungus. However, the secretory machinery involved in trafficking RPW8.2 to the EHM is unknown. Here we report that RPW8.2 is transiently located on VAMP721/722 vesicles, and later incorporated into the EHM of mature haustoria. Resistance activity of RPW8.2 against the powdery mildew Golovinomyces orontii is greatly diminished in the absence of VAMP721 but only slightly so in the absence of VAMP722. Consistent with this result, trafficking of RPW8.2 to the EHM is delayed in the absence of VAMP721. These findings implicate VAMP721/722 vesicles as key components of the secretory machinery for carrying RPW8.2 to the plant-fungal interface. Quantitative fluorescence recovery after photobleaching suggests that vesicle-mediated trafficking of RPW8.2-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) to the EHM occurs transiently during early haustorial development and that lateral diffusion of RPW8.2-YFP within the EHM exceeds vesicle-mediated replenishment of RPW8.2-YFP in mature haustoria. Our findings imply the engagement of VAMP721/722 in a bifurcated trafficking pathway for pre-invasive defense at the cell periphery and post-invasive defense at the EHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Kim
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- U Neumann
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Sozialleistungsträger im Ruhrbezirk, Bochum, DE
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Ulmer TF, Rosch R, Mossdorf A, Alizai H, Binnebösel M, Neumann U. Colonic wall changes in patients with diverticular disease - is there a predisposition for a complicated course? Int J Surg 2014; 12:426-31. [PMID: 24681094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate colonic wall changes and enteric neuropathy in patients with either uncomplicated (UDD) or complicated diverticular disease (CDD). Furthermore, we evaluated the presence of an anatomic sphincter at the rectosigmoid junction (RSJ). METHODS Samples of colonic tissue from fifteen patients with UDD, fifteen patients with CDD and fifteen patients as control were collected. Collagen quotient I/III was measured with the Sirius-red test, expression of MMP-1, MMP-13, innervation (S100), proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (TUNEL) in the colonic wall were investigated by immunohistochemical studies. Furthermore, measurements of the different layers were performed to investigate the RSJ. RESULTS Patients with either UDD or CDD had lower collagen I/III quotients compared to the control group, significant for CDD (p = 0.007). For MMP-1 and MMP-13 only a slight increase for patients with CDD was found. The percentage of proliferating (Ki67) and apoptotic (TUNEL) cells was significantly higher for patients with CDD than in the control group (p = 0.016; p = 0.037). Upon investigating the S100-expression a significant reduce in glial cells density was found in the myenteric and mucosal plexus for both groups (UDD and CDD) compared to the control group. Measurements of the different colon layers oral, aboral and at the RSJ revealed equal values. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that colonic wall changes and enteric neuropathy seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of colonic diverticulosis. None of our results suggest a predisposition for a complicated diverticular disease. Furthermore, the presence of an anatomic sphincter at the rectosigmoid junction could not be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - R Rosch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - A Mossdorf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - H Alizai
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - M Binnebösel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - U Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Neumann U, Paré J, Raynal-Roques A, Sallé G, Weber HC. Characteristic Trichomes and Indumentum Specialization in African and European Parasitic Scrophulariaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanchez-Villarreal A, Shin J, Bujdoso N, Obata T, Neumann U, Du SX, Ding Z, Davis AM, Shindo T, Schmelzer E, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A, Stitt M, Fernie AR, Davis SJ. TIME FOR COFFEE is an essential component in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2013; 76:188-200. [PMID: 23869666 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants often respond to environmental changes by reprogramming metabolic and stress-associated pathways. Homeostatic integration of signaling is a central requirement for ensuring metabolic stability in living organisms. Under diurnal conditions, properly timed rhythmic metabolism provides fitness benefits to plants. TIME FOR COFFEE (TIC) is a circadian regulator known to be involved in clock resetting at dawn. Here we explored the mechanism of influence of TIC in plant growth and development, as initiated by a microarray analysis. This global profiling showed that a loss of TIC function causes a major reprogramming of gene expression that predicts numerous developmental, metabolic, and stress-related phenotypes. This led us to demonstrate that this mutant exhibits late flowering, a plastochron defect, and diverse anatomical phenotypes. We further observed a starch-excess phenotype and altered soluble carbohydrate levels. tic exhibited hypersensitivity to oxidative stress and abscisic acid, and this was associated with a striking resistance to drought. These phenotypes were connected to an increase in total glutathione levels that correlated with a readjustment of amino acids and polyamine pools. By comparatively analyzing our transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we concluded that TIC is a central element in plant homeostasis that integrates and coordinates developmental, metabolic, and environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sanchez-Villarreal
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
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Ulmer TF, Stumpf M, Rosch R, Junge K, Binnebösel M, Trotha KTV, Oettinger AP, Neumann U. Suture-Free and Mesh Reinforced Small Intestinal Anstomoses: A Feasibility Study in Rabbits. J INVEST SURG 2013; 26:210-6. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2012.741658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Garcia-Molina A, Andrés-Colás N, Perea-García A, Neumann U, Dodani SC, Huijser P, Peñarrubia L, Puig S. The Arabidopsis COPT6 Transport Protein Functions in Copper Distribution Under Copper-Deficient Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1378-90. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Groscurth S, Müller B, Schwan S, Menzel M, Diekstall F, Senft M, Kendall A, Kommor BA, Neumann U, Kalischuk M, Kawchuk LM, Krzyzanek V, Heilmann A, Stubbs G, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Noll GA. Artificial forisomes are ideal models of forisome assembly and activity that allow the development of technical devices. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3076-86. [PMID: 22963540 DOI: 10.1021/bm3008499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Forisomes are protein polymers found in leguminous plants that have the remarkable ability to undergo reversible "muscle-like" contractions in the presence of divalent cations and in extreme pH environments. To gain insight into the molecular basis of forisome structure and assembly, we used confocal laser scanning microscopy to monitor the assembly of fluorescence-labeled artificial forisomes in real time, revealing two distinct assembly processes involving either fiber elongation or fiber alignment. We also used scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to investigate the ultrastructure of forisomes, finding that individual fibers are arranged into compact fibril bundles that disentangle with minimal residual order in the presence of calcium ions. To demonstrate the potential applications of artificial forisomes, we created hybrid protein bodies from forisome subunits fused to the B-domain of staphylococcal protein A. This allowed the functionalization of the artificial forisomes with antibodies that were then used to target forisomes to specific regions on a substrate, providing a straightforward approach to develop forisome-based technical devices with precise configurations. The functional contractile properties of forisomes are also better preserved when they are immobilized via affinity reagents rather than by direct contact to the substrate. Artificial forisomes produced in plants and yeast therefore provide an ideal model for the investigation of forisome structure and assembly and for the design and testing of tailored artificial forisomes for technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sira Groscurth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
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O'Connell RJ, Thon MR, Hacquard S, Amyotte SG, Kleemann J, Torres MF, Damm U, Buiate EA, Epstein L, Alkan N, Altmüller J, Alvarado-Balderrama L, Bauser CA, Becker C, Birren BW, Chen Z, Choi J, Crouch JA, Duvick JP, Farman MA, Gan P, Heiman D, Henrissat B, Howard RJ, Kabbage M, Koch C, Kracher B, Kubo Y, Law AD, Lebrun MH, Lee YH, Miyara I, Moore N, Neumann U, Nordström K, Panaccione DG, Panstruga R, Place M, Proctor RH, Prusky D, Rech G, Reinhardt R, Rollins JA, Rounsley S, Schardl CL, Schwartz DC, Shenoy N, Shirasu K, Sikhakolli UR, Stüber K, Sukno SA, Sweigard JA, Takano Y, Takahara H, Trail F, van der Does HC, Voll LM, Will I, Young S, Zeng Q, Zhang J, Zhou S, Dickman MB, Schulze-Lefert P, Ver Loren van Themaat E, Ma LJ, Vaillancourt LJ. Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1060-5. [PMID: 22885923 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are fungal pathogens that devastate crop plants worldwide. Host infection involves the differentiation of specialized cell types that are associated with penetration, growth inside living host cells (biotrophy) and tissue destruction (necrotrophy). We report here genome and transcriptome analyses of Colletotrichum higginsianum infecting Arabidopsis thaliana and Colletotrichum graminicola infecting maize. Comparative genomics showed that both fungi have large sets of pathogenicity-related genes, but families of genes encoding secreted effectors, pectin-degrading enzymes, secondary metabolism enzymes, transporters and peptidases are expanded in C. higginsianum. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed that these genes are transcribed in successive waves that are linked to pathogenic transitions: effectors and secondary metabolism enzymes are induced before penetration and during biotrophy, whereas most hydrolases and transporters are upregulated later, at the switch to necrotrophy. Our findings show that preinvasion perception of plant-derived signals substantially reprograms fungal gene expression and indicate previously unknown functions for particular fungal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J O'Connell
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
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Ernst AM, Jekat SB, Zielonka S, Müller B, Neumann U, Rüping B, Twyman RM, Krzyzanek V, Prüfer D, Noll GA. Sieve element occlusion (SEO) genes encode structural phloem proteins involved in wound sealing of the phloem. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E1980-9. [PMID: 22733783 PMCID: PMC3396537 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202999109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The sieve element occlusion (SEO) gene family originally was delimited to genes encoding structural components of forisomes, which are specialized crystalloid phloem proteins found solely in the Fabaceae. More recently, SEO genes discovered in various non-Fabaceae plants were proposed to encode the common phloem proteins (P-proteins) that plug sieve plates after wounding. We carried out a comprehensive characterization of two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) SEO genes (NtSEO). Reporter genes controlled by the NtSEO promoters were expressed specifically in immature sieve elements, and GFP-SEO fusion proteins formed parietal agglomerates in intact sieve elements as well as sieve plate plugs after wounding. NtSEO proteins with and without fluorescent protein tags formed agglomerates similar in structure to native P-protein bodies when transiently coexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and the analysis of these protein complexes by electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural features resembling those of native P-proteins. NtSEO-RNA interference lines were essentially devoid of P-protein structures and lost photoassimilates more rapidly after injury than control plants, thus confirming the role of P-proteins in sieve tube sealing. We therefore provide direct evidence that SEO genes in tobacco encode P-protein subunits that affect translocation. We also found that peptides recently identified in fascicular phloem P-protein plugs from squash (Cucurbita maxima) represent cucurbit members of the SEO family. Our results therefore suggest a common evolutionary origin for P-proteins found in the sieve elements of all dicotyledonous plants and demonstrate the exceptional status of extrafascicular P-proteins in cucurbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M. Ernst
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan B. Jekat
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Sascia Zielonka
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Boje Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris Rüping
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Richard M. Twyman
- Department of Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Vladislav Krzyzanek
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany; and
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 48143 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Gundula A. Noll
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48143 Münster, Germany
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Weßling R, Schmidt SM, Micali CO, Knaust F, Reinhardt R, Neumann U, Ver Loren van Themaat E, Panstruga R. Transcriptome analysis of enriched Golovinomyces orontii haustoria by deep 454 pyrosequencing. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 49:470-82. [PMID: 22521876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildews are phytopathogenic ascomycetes that have an obligate biotrophic lifestyle and establish intimate relationships with their plant hosts. A crucial aspect of this plant-fungus interaction is the formation of specialized fungal infection structures termed haustoria. Although located within the cell boundaries of plant epidermal cells, haustoria remain separated from the plant cytoplasm by a host plasma membrane derivative, the extrahaustorial membrane. Haustoria are thought to represent pivotal sites of nutrient uptake and effector protein delivery. We enriched haustorial complexes from Arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with the powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii and performed in-depth transcriptome analysis by 454-based pyrosequencing of haustorial cDNAs. We assembled 7077 expressed sequence tag (EST) contigs with greater than 5-fold average coverage and analyzed these with regard to the respective predicted protein functions. We found that transcripts coding for gene products with roles in protein turnover, detoxification of reactive oxygen species and fungal pathogenesis are abundant in the haustorial EST contigs, while surprisingly transcripts encoding presumptive nutrient transporters were not highly represented in the haustorial cDNA library. A substantial proportion (∼38%) of transcripts coding for predicted secreted proteins comprises effector candidates. Our data provide valuable insights into the transcriptome of the key infection structure of a model obligate biotrophic phytopathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weßling
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
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