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Wangler MF, Chao YH, Roth M, Welti R, McNew JA. Drosophila Models Uncover Substrate Channeling Effects on Phospholipids and Sphingolipids in Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.26.591192. [PMID: 38746221 PMCID: PMC11092477 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders Zellweger Spectrum (PBD-ZSD) disorders are a group of autosomal recessive defects in peroxisome formation that produce a multi-systemic disease presenting at birth or in childhood. Well documented clinical biomarkers such as elevated very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) are key biochemical diagnostic findings in these conditions. Additional, secondary biochemical alterations such as elevated very long chain lysophosphatidylcholines are allowing newborn screening for peroxisomal disease. In addition, a more widespread impact on metabolism and lipids is increasingly being documented by metabolomic and lipidomic studies. Here we utilize Drosophila models of pex2 and pex16 as well as human plasma from individuals with PEX1 mutations. We identify phospholipid abnormalities in Drosophila larvae and brain characterized by differences in the quantities of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) with long chain lengths and reduced levels of intermediate chain lengths. For diacylglycerol (DAG) the precursor of PE and PC through the Kennedy pathway, the intermediate chain lengths are increased suggesting an imbalance between DAGs and PE and PC that suggests the two acyl chain pools are not in equilibrium. Altered acyl chain lengths are also observed in PE ceramides in the fly models. Interestingly, plasma from human subjects exhibit phospholipid alterations similar to the fly model. Moreover, human plasma shows reduced levels of sphingomyelin with 18 and 22 carbon lengths but normal levels of C24. Our results suggest that peroxisomal biogenesis defects alter shuttling of the acyl chains of multiple phospholipid and ceramide lipid classes, whereas DAG species with intermediate fatty acids are more abundant. These data suggest an imbalance between de novo synthesis of PC and PE through the Kennedy pathway and remodeling of existing PC and PE through the Lands cycle. This imbalance is likely due to overabundance of very long and long acyl chains in PBD and a subsequent imbalance due to substrate channeling effects. Given the fundamental role of phospholipid and sphingolipids in nervous system functions, these observations suggest PBD-ZSD are diseases characterized by widespread cell membrane lipid abnormalities.
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Marcogliese PC, Deal SL, Andrews J, Harnish JM, Bhavana VH, Graves HK, Jangam S, Luo X, Liu N, Bei D, Chao YH, Hull B, Lee PT, Pan H, Bhadane P, Huang MC, Longley CM, Chao HT, Chung HL, Haelterman NA, Kanca O, Manivannan SN, Rossetti LZ, German RJ, Gerard A, Schwaibold EMC, Fehr S, Guerrini R, Vetro A, England E, Murali CN, Barakat TS, van Dooren MF, Wilke M, van Slegtenhorst M, Lesca G, Sabatier I, Chatron N, Brownstein CA, Madden JA, Agrawal PB, Keren B, Courtin T, Perrin L, Brugger M, Roser T, Leiz S, Mau-Them FT, Delanne J, Sukarova-Angelovska E, Trajkova S, Rosenhahn E, Strehlow V, Platzer K, Keller R, Pavinato L, Brusco A, Rosenfeld JA, Marom R, Wangler MF, Yamamoto S. Drosophila functional screening of de novo variants in autism uncovers damaging variants and facilitates discovery of rare neurodevelopmental diseases. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110517. [PMID: 35294868 PMCID: PMC8983390 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit an increased burden of de novo mutations (DNMs) in a broadening range of genes. While these studies have implicated hundreds of genes in ASD pathogenesis, which DNMs cause functional consequences in vivo remains unclear. We functionally test the effects of ASD missense DNMs using Drosophila through "humanization" rescue and overexpression-based strategies. We examine 79 ASD variants in 74 genes identified in the Simons Simplex Collection and find 38% of them to cause functional alterations. Moreover, we identify GLRA2 as the cause of a spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes beyond ASD in 13 previously undiagnosed subjects. Functional characterization of variants in ASD candidate genes points to conserved neurobiological mechanisms and facilitates gene discovery for rare neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Marcogliese
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samantha L Deal
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Andrews
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Michael Harnish
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V Hemanjani Bhavana
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hillary K Graves
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sharayu Jangam
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Danqing Bei
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Hsin Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brooke Hull
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei-Tseng Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongling Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pradnya Bhadane
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mei-Chu Huang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colleen M Longley
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; McNair Medical Institute, The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, TX 77030, USA; TCH, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyung-Lok Chung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nele A Haelterman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sathiya N Manivannan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linda Z Rossetti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ryan J German
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amanda Gerard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; TCH, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Sarah Fehr
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- Neuroscience Department, Children's Hospital Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleina England
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chaya N Murali
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; TCH, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke F van Dooren
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Sabatier
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Lyon University Hospitals, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine A Brownstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jill A Madden
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Boris Keren
- Genetic Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Thomas Courtin
- Genetic Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Genetic Department, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP.Nord-Université de Paris, Paris 75019, France
| | - Melanie Brugger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Roser
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Leiz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hospital Dritter Orden, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD, Burgundy University, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Génétique, Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares UF6254, Plateau Technique de Biologie, CHU Dijon, 14 Rue Paul Gaffarel, BP 77908, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Julian Delanne
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD, Burgundy University, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elena Sukarova-Angelovska
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetics, University Clinic for Children's Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Sv. Kiril i Metodij, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Slavica Trajkova
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Erik Rosenhahn
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vincent Strehlow
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberto Keller
- Adult Autism Center, Mental Health Department, Health Unit ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Lisa Pavinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; TCH, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA; TCH, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Wu KH, Cheng CC, Li JP, Weng TF, Yang SF, Pan HH, Chao YH. Toll-like receptor signalling associated with immunomodulation of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in mice with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2020; 29:165-175. [PMID: 31964222 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319898532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With potent immunomodulatory activities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to be a beneficial treatment option for diseases with aberrant immune responses such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we used NZBWF1 mice as a SLE animal model to examine immunomodulation of MSCs as well as to assess the role of Toll-like receptor signalling in this circumstance. We found that mice receiving MSCs had a significant decrease in severity of proteinuria at 20 and 22 weeks of age (p = 0.009 and p = 0.022, respectively). Serum anti-dsDNA levels were significantly lower compared with the control group (p = 0.016 and p = 0.036, respectively). C3 and C4 levels were significantly higher at 22 weeks of age (p = 0.046 and p = 0.016, respectively). Altered expression of inflammation-associated cytokine profiles in the serum was also noted in mice receiving MSCs. Down-regulation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling in the liver was demonstrated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and Western blotting. In addition to demonstrating the beneficial effects of MSC treatment in NZBWF1 mice, our study provided the first evidence for the association of MyD88-NF-κB signalling and MSC-mediated immunomodulation in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Wu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C C Cheng
- Laboratory Animal Service Center, Office of Research and Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J P Li
- Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T F Weng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - S F Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H H Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y H Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Su JH, You WJ, Liu CI, Chao YH. New Cembranoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Lobophytum sp. and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JH Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - WJ You
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - CI Liu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - YH Chao
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wangler MF, Chao YH, Bayat V, Giagtzoglou N, Shinde AB, Putluri N, Coarfa C, Donti T, Graham BH, Faust JE, McNew JA, Moser A, Sardiello M, Baes M, Bellen HJ. Peroxisomal biogenesis is genetically and biochemically linked to carbohydrate metabolism in Drosophila and mouse. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006825. [PMID: 28640802 PMCID: PMC5480855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD) are a group of multi-system human diseases due to mutations in the PEX genes that are responsible for peroxisome assembly and function. These disorders lead to global defects in peroxisomal function and result in severe brain, liver, bone and kidney disease. In order to study their pathogenesis we undertook a systematic genetic and biochemical study of Drosophila pex16 and pex2 mutants. These mutants are short-lived with defects in locomotion and activity. Moreover these mutants exhibit severe morphologic and functional peroxisomal defects. Using metabolomics we uncovered defects in multiple biochemical pathways including defects outside the canonical specialized lipid pathways performed by peroxisomal enzymes. These included unanticipated changes in metabolites in glycolysis, glycogen metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway, carbohydrate metabolic pathways that do not utilize known peroxisomal enzymes. In addition, mutant flies are starvation sensitive and are very sensitive to glucose deprivation exhibiting dramatic shortening of lifespan and hyperactivity on low-sugar food. We use bioinformatic transcriptional profiling to examine gene co-regulation between peroxisomal genes and other metabolic pathways and we observe that the expression of peroxisomal and carbohydrate pathway genes in flies and mouse are tightly correlated. Indeed key steps in carbohydrate metabolism were found to be strongly co-regulated with peroxisomal genes in flies and mice. Moreover mice lacking peroxisomes exhibit defective carbohydrate metabolism at the same key steps in carbohydrate breakdown. Our data indicate an unexpected link between these two metabolic processes and suggest metabolism of carbohydrates could be a new therapeutic target for patients with PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston TX, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yu-Hsin Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Vafa Bayat
- Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos Giagtzoglou
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Abhijit Babaji Shinde
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Taraka Donti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Brett H. Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Faust
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - James A. McNew
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston TX, United States of America
| | - Ann Moser
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore MD, United States of America
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Myriam Baes
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston TX, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital (TCH), Houston, TX, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Xiao GZ, Li LJ, Teng K, Chao YH, Han LB. Cloning and expression of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic oxidase gene from Agrostis stolonifera. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-gmr15049034. [PMID: 27820649 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15049034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic oxidase (ACO), which catalyzes the terminal step in ethylene biosynthesis, was isolated from Agrostis stolonifera. The AsACO gene is composed of 975 bp, encoding 324 amino acids. Three exons interspersed by two introns form AsACO gDNA. A BLAST search of the nucleotide sequence revealed a high level of similarity (79-91%) between AsACO and ACO genes of other plants. A phylogenetic tree was constructed via BLAST in the NCBI, and revealed the highest homology with wheat TaACO. The calculated molecular mass and predicted isoelectric point of AsACO were 36.25 and 4.89 kDa, respectively. Analysis of subcellular localization revealed that AsACO is located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The Fe(II)-binding cofactors and cosubstrate were identified, pertaining to the ACO family. The expression patterns of AsACO were determined by quantitative real time PCR. AsACO expression was highest in the stem, and was strongly up-regulated in response to ethephon, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and cold temperature, but down-regulated in response to drought and NaCl treatment. The protein encoded by AsACO exhibited ACC oxidase activity in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest that AsACO contains domains common to the ACO family, and is induced in response to exogenous hormones. Conversely, some abiotic stress conditions can inhibit AsACO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Xiao
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,College of Horticulture and Garden, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - L J Li
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - K Teng
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Chao
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - L B Han
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Wu KH, Wu HP, Lin HJ, Wang CH, Chen HY, Weng T, Peng CT, Chao YH. Concurrent hypopituitarism and leukemic retinopathy in a child with B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and isolated central nervous system relapse. Curr Oncol 2016; 23:e431-4. [PMID: 27536191 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopituitarism in leukemia is very rare. In addition, central nervous system (cns) relapse and leukemic retinopathy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) have declined with the use of modern systemic chemotherapy that includes cns prophylaxis. Here, we report the case of a 4-year-old girl who received chemotherapy and intrathecal therapy without cns radiation after a diagnosis of B-precursor all without cns involvement. Three months after chemotherapy completion, she presented with lower-extremity weakness and was diagnosed with an isolated cns relapse. Concurrent hypopituitarism and leukemic retinopathy were also found. After receiving craniospinal radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, her retinopathy and vision improved. She is now in complete remission, and she is still on chemotherapy according to the guideline from the Pediatric Oncology Group. Although rare, hypopituitarism and leukemic retinopathy should be taken into consideration in patients with cns involvement by leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Wu
- School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - H P Wu
- Division of Pediatric General Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - H J Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - C H Wang
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - H Y Chen
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - T Weng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - C T Peng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung
| | - Y H Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Teng K, Xiao GZ, Guo WE, Yuan JB, Li J, Chao YH, Han LB. Expression of an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) peroxidase gene in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance to NaCl and H2O2. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8002. [PMID: 27323080 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15028002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidases (PODs) are enzymes that play important roles in catalyzing the reduction of H2O2 and the oxidation of various substrates. They function in many different and important biological processes, such as defense mechanisms, immune responses, and pathogeny. The POD genes have been cloned and identified in many plants, but their function in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not known, to date. Based on the POD gene sequence (GenBank accession No. L36157.1), we cloned the POD gene in alfalfa, which was named MsPOD. MsPOD expression increased with increasing H2O2. The gene was expressed in all of the tissues, including the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, particularly in stems and leaves under light/dark conditions. A subcellular analysis showed that MsPOD was localized outside the cells. Transgenic Arabidopsis with MsPOD exhibited increased resistance to H2O2 and NaCl. Moreover, POD activity in the transgenic plants was significantly higher than that in wild-type Arabidopsis. These results show that MsPOD plays an important role in resistance to H2O2 and NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Teng
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - G Z Xiao
- The College of Horticulture and Garden, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - W E Guo
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - J B Yuan
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Y H Chao
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - L B Han
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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9
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Chao YH, Robak LA, Xia F, Koenig MK, Adesina A, Bacino CA, Scaglia F, Bellen HJ, Wangler MF. Missense variants in the middle domain of DNM1L in cases of infantile encephalopathy alter peroxisomes and mitochondria when assayed in Drosophila. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1846-56. [PMID: 26931468 PMCID: PMC5007591 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in organelle dynamics underlie a number of human degenerative disorders, and whole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful tool for studying genetic changes that affect the cellular machinery. WES may uncover variants of unknown significance (VUS) that require functional validation. Previously, a pathogenic de novo variant in the middle domain of DNM1L (p.A395D) was identified in a single patient with a lethal defect of mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. We identified two additional patients with infantile encephalopathy and partially overlapping clinical features, each with a novel VUS in the middle domain of DNM1L (p.G350R and p.E379K). To evaluate pathogenicity, we generated transgenic Drosophila expressing wild-type or variant DNM1L. We find that human wild-type DNM1L rescues the lethality as well as specific phenotypes associated with the loss of Drp1 in Drosophila. Neither the p.A395D variant nor the novel variant p.G350R rescue lethality or other phenotypes. Moreover, overexpression of p.A395D and p.G350R in Drosophila neurons, salivary gland and muscle strikingly altered peroxisomal and mitochondrial morphology. In contrast, the other novel variant (p.E379K) rescued lethality and did not affect organelle morphology, although it was associated with a subtle mitochondrial trafficking defect in an in vivo assay. Interestingly, the patient with the p.E379K variant also has a de novo VUS in pyruvate dehydrogenase 1 (PDHA1) affecting the same amino acid (G150) as another case of PDHA1 deficiency suggesting the PDHA1 variant may be pathogenic. In summary, detailed clinical evaluation and WES with functional studies in Drosophila can distinguish different functional consequences of newly-described DNM1L alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie A Robak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Mary K Koenig
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA and
| | | | | | | | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Teng K, Chang ZH, Xiao GZ, Guo WE, Xu LX, Chao YH, Han LB. Molecular cloning and characterization of a chlorophyll degradation regulatory gene (ZjSGR) from Zoysia japonica. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8176. [PMID: 27173268 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15028176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The stay-green gene (SGR) is a key regulatory factor for chlorophyll degradation and senescence. However, to date, little is known about SGR in Zoysia japonica. In this study, ZjSGR was cloned, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The target sequence is 831 bp in length, corresponding to 276 amino acids. Protein BLAST results showed that ZjSGR belongs to the stay-green superfamily. A phylogenetic analysis implied that ZjSGR is most closely related to ZmSGR1. The subcellular localization of ZjSGR was investigated, using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana. Our results demonstrated that ZjSGR protein is localized in the chloroplasts. Quantitative real time PCR was carried out to investigate the expression characteristics of ZjSGR. The expression level of ZjSGR was found to be highest in leaves, and could be strongly induced by natural senescence, darkness, abscisic acid (ABA), and methyl jasmonate treatment. Moreover, an in vivo function analysis indicated that transient overexpression of ZjSGR could accelerate chlorophyll degradation, up-regulate the expression of SAG113, and activate ABA biosynthesis. Taken together, these results provide evidence that ZjSGR could play an important regulatory role in leaf chlorophyll degradation and senescence in plants at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Teng
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Z H Chang
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - G Z Xiao
- The College of Horticulture and Garden, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - W E Guo
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - L X Xu
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Chao
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - L B Han
- Turfgrass Research Institute, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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11
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Bacino C, Chao YH, Seto E, Lotze T, Xia F, Jones RO, Moser A, Wangler MF. Dataset for a case report of a homozygous PEX16 F332del mutation. Data Brief 2016; 6:722-7. [PMID: 26870756 PMCID: PMC4737951 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This dataset provides a clinical description along with extensive biochemical and molecular characterization of a patient with a homozygous mutation in PEX16 with an atypical phenotype. This patient described in Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports was ultimately diagnosed with an atypical peroxisomal disorder on exome sequencing. A clinical timeline and diagnostic summary, results of an extensive plasma and fibroblast analysis of this patient׳s peroxisomal profile is provided. In addition, a table of additional variants from the exome analysis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children׳s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Hsin Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elaine Seto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children׳s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tim Lotze
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children׳s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ann Moser
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children׳s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Bacino CA, Chao YH, Seto E, Lotze T, Xia F, Jones RO, Moser A, Wangler MF. A homozygous mutation in PEX16 identified by whole-exome sequencing ending a diagnostic odyssey. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015; 5:15-18. [PMID: 26644994 PMCID: PMC4669579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a patient with a unique neurological phenotype with a progressive neurodegenerative phenotype. An 18-year diagnostic odyssey for the patient ended when exome sequencing identified a homozygous PEX16 mutation suggesting an atypical peroxisomal biogenesis disorder (PBD). Interestingly, the patient's peroxisomal biochemical abnormalities were subtle, such that plasma very-long-chain fatty acids initially failed to provide a diagnosis. This case suggests next-generation sequencing may be diagnostic in some atypical peroxisomal biogenesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yu-Hsin Chao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Elaine Seto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tim Lotze
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | | | - Ann Moser
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, BCM, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Wu KH, Wu HP, Weng T, Peng CT, Chao YH. Dasatinib for a child with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and persistently elevated minimal residual disease during imatinib therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:303-6. [PMID: 26300669 DOI: 10.3747/co.22.2719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib has improved outcomes in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). Minimal residual disease (mrd) is a useful tool for predicting leukemia relapse. However, there is no consensus on how to treat children with elevation of BCR-ABL transcripts but no evidence of hematologic relapse during chemotherapy combined with imatinib. Here, we report the case of a child with Ph+ all who had persistent elevation of mrd, but no evidence of hematologic relapse while receiving imatinib plus intensive chemotherapy. Dasatinib was substituted for imatinib because no suitable donor for allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (hsct) was available. Less-intensive chemotherapy with methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine was administered concomitantly. No serious adverse events were encountered. With continuous dasatinib combined with chemotherapy, but no allogeneic hsct, our patient reached complete molecular remission and has been in complete molecular remission for more than 13 months. This report is the first about the long-term use of dasatinib in patients with Ph+ all and mrd elevation but hematologic remission during imatinib chemotherapy. In a similar situation, chemotherapy combined with dasatinib instead of allogeneic hsct could be considered to avoid hsct-related mortality and morbidity. Clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; ; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H P Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C T Peng
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; ; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; ; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y H Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; ; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Abstract
To reduce interface loss between optical fibers and devices in telecommunication systems, the development of an optical-fiber-based device that can be fused directly with fibers is important. A novel optical modulator consisting of a bare fiber core surrounded by magnetic fluids instead of by a SiO2 cladding layer is proposed. Applying a magnetic field raises the refractive index of the magnetic fluid. Thus we can control the occurrence of total reflection at the interface between the fiber core and the magnetic fluid when light propagates along the fiber. As a result, the intensity of the outgoing light is modulated by variation in field strength. Details of the design, fabrication, and working properties of such a modulator are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Horng
- Institute of Electro-Optical Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
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15
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Chao YH, Kuo SC, Ku K, Chiu IP, Wu CH, Mauger A, Wang HK, Lee KH. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of methyl-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:1025-31. [PMID: 10428370 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
2- and 3-Methyl-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione and related derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro by NCI against eight cancer types. Compounds 12-15 showed significant activity against melanoma, NCI-H23 non-small cell lung cancer, and MDA-MB-435 and MDA-N breast cancer cell lines; 2-hydroxymethyl-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophene-4,8-dion e (13) showed the highest activity against melanoma (mean log GI50 = -7.74) and the highest overall potency (mean log GI50 = -6.99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chao
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7360, USA
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16
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Chao YH, Kuo SC, Wu CH, Lee CY, Mauger A, Sun IC, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 2-acetyl-4,8-dihydrobenzodithiophene-4, 8-dione derivatives. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4658-61. [PMID: 9804705 DOI: 10.1021/jm980394t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Acetyl-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione (9) and 2-acetyl-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophene-4,8-dione (19), together with 10 related mono- and disubstituted derivatives, were synthesized and evaluated in vitro by NCI against eight cancer types. All compounds showed significant activity against melanoma, HL-60 leukemia, NCI-H23 non-small-cell lung cancer, OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer, and MDA-MB-435 and MDA-N breast cancer cell lines. Compound 11, 2-(1'-acetoxyethyl)-4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-4, 8-dione, showed the highest overall potency (mean GI50 = 40 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chao
- Natural Products Laboratory, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy CB#7360, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA
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17
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Huang LJ, Kuo SC, Perng CY, Chao YH, Wu TS, McPhail AT, Mauger A, Cheng HH, Lee KH. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of acetyl-4H,9H-naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-diones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2763-8. [PMID: 9873618 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several new acetyl-4H,9H-naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-diones were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity by NCI against seven cancer cell types. 2,7-Diacetyl naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-dione (9) showed significant cytotoxicity against leukemia cells with log GI50 values of -7.61 against SR cells and -7.18 against MOLT-4 cells. 3-Acetyl-naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene-4,9-dione (6) also demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in the latter cell line with log GI50 < -8.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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18
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Kaberdin VR, Chao YH, Lin-Chao S. RNase E cleaves at multiple sites in bubble regions of RNA I stem loops yielding products that dissociate differentially from the enzyme. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:13103-9. [PMID: 8662734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.22.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier work has shown that RNase E cleaves RNAI, the antisense repressor of replication of ColE1-type plasmids, producing pRNAI-5, whose further decay is mediated by the poly(A)-dependent activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase and other 3' to 5' exonucleases. Using a poly(A) polymerase-deficient strain to impede exonucleolytic decay, we show that RNAI is additionally cleaved by RNase E at multiple sites, generating a series of decay intermediates that are differentially retained by the RNA binding domain (RBD) of RNase E. Primer extension analysis of RNAI decay intermediates and RNase T1 mapping of the cleavage products of RNAI generated in vitro by affinity-purified RNase E showed that RNase E can cleave internucleotide bonds in the bubble regions of duplex RNA segments and in single-stranded regions. Chemical in situ probing of a complex formed between RNAI and the RBD indicates that binding to the RBD destabilizes RNAI secondary structure. Our results suggest a model in which a series of sequential RNase E-mediated cleavages occurring at multiple sites of RNAI, some of which may be made more accessible to RNase E by the destabilizing effects of its RBD, generate RNA fragments that are further degraded by poly(A)-dependent 3' to 5' exonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Kaberdin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China
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19
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Chao YH, Yun SH, Shin JO, Yoon JY, Lee DM. Cochlear fistula in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Am J Otol 1996; 17:15-8. [PMID: 8694120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Labyrinthine fistula in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma most commonly involves the horizontal semicircular canal. We report three cases of cochlear fistula in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. All of them had a long history of otorrhea. One patient had total hearing loss of the affected side. The other two patients had conductive hearing loss. Radical mastoidectomy had been done in all cases. Cholesteatoma in the tympanic cavity destroyed the basal turn of the cochlea. These fistulas were sealed with muscle or Gelfoam with streptomycin. We found no fistula in the semicircular canal in any of the three cases. We report three cases of cochlear fistula in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, and review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chao
- Department of Otoluryngology, Dae-Dong Hospital, Pusan, Korea
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20
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Xu SW, Chen F, Chao YH. [On the method of hyperthermic chemotherapy by regional isolated perfusion for tumors of lower extremities]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1994; 16:310-3. [PMID: 7805565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
From August 1990 to June 1993, 30 patients with osteosarcoma of lower extremities were treated with chemotherapy by hyperthermic regional isolated perfusion. There were 19 male and 11 female with a mean age of 21 (15-28) years. All of the tumors were located in the lower limbs: 20 on the femora, 9 on the tibiae and 1 on the fibula. Chemotherapy was going on for 60 minutes during hyperthermic regional isolated perfusion. Temperature was kept at 42 degrees C in deep soft tissue around the tumor during perfusion. The results showed that local edema of the limbs were reduced observably, tumors were shrunken and hardened after perfusion. Perimeter of the limbs were decreased and mobility of the limbs increased. Pathological examination indicated that all of the tumors responded well to the chemotherapy by perfusion and 90%-95% of the osteosarcoma cells were destroyed. Two cases were complicated with compression syndrome, and 1 with renal failure. The authors would suggest that hyperthermic regional isolated perfusion is an effective chemotherapeutic method in management of malignant tumors of limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou
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