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Cheng YC, Chan PT, Lee TT. Exploring the Effectiveness of the Introduction of Automated Physiological Monitoring Devices. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 284:534-536. [PMID: 34920588 DOI: 10.3233/shti210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - P T Chan
- En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - T T Lee
- National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Quraishi IH, McClure H, Williams LA, Cheng Y, Kale S, Dempsey GT, Agrawal S, Gerber DJ, McManus OB, Kaczmarek LK. Suppression of Kv3.3 channels by antisense oligonucleotides reverses biochemical effects and motor impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22053. [PMID: 34820911 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101356r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in KCNC3, the gene that encodes the Kv3.3 voltage dependent potassium channel, cause Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 13 (SCA13), a disease associated with disrupted motor behaviors, progressive cerebellar degeneration, and abnormal auditory processing. The Kv3.3 channel directly binds Hax-1, a cell survival protein. A disease-causing mutation, Kv3.3-G592R, causes overstimulation of Tank Binding Kinase 1 (Tbk1) in the cerebellum, resulting in the degradation of Hax-1 by promoting its trafficking into multivesicular bodies and then to lysosomes. We have now tested the effects of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) directed against the Kv3.3 channel on both wild type mice and those bearing the Kv3.3-G592R-encoding mutation. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the Kcnc3-specific ASO suppressed both mRNA and protein levels of the Kv3.3 channel. In wild-type animals, this produced no change in levels of activated Tbk1, Hax-1 or Cd63, a tetraspanin marker for late endosomes/multivesicular bodies. In contrast, in mice homozygous for the Kv3.3-G592R-encoding mutation, the same ASO reduced Tbk1 activation and levels of Cd63, while restoring the expression of Hax-1 in the cerebellum. The motor behavior of the mice was tested using a rotarod assay. Surprisingly, the active ASO had no effects on the motor behavior of wild type mice but restored the behavior of the mutant mice to those of age-matched wild type animals. Our findings indicate that, in mature intact animals, suppression of Kv3.3 expression can reverse the deleterious effects of a SCA13 mutation while having little effect on wild type animals. Thus, targeting Kv3.3 expression may prove a viable therapeutic approach for SCA13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Imran H Quraishi
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heather McClure
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Cheng YC, Snavely A, Barrett LB, Zhang X, Herman C, Frost DJ, Riva P, Tochitsky I, Kawaguchi R, Singh B, Ivanis J, Huebner EA, Arvanites A, Oza V, Davidow L, Maeda R, Sakuma M, Grantham A, Wang Q, Chang AN, Pfaff K, Costigan M, Coppola G, Rubin LL, Schwer B, Alt FW, Woolf CJ. Topoisomerase I inhibition and peripheral nerve injury induce DNA breaks and ATF3-associated axon regeneration in sensory neurons. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109666. [PMID: 34496254 PMCID: PMC8462619 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although axonal damage induces rapid changes in gene expression in primary sensory neurons, it remains unclear how this process is initiated. The transcription factor ATF3, one of the earliest genes responding to nerve injury, regulates expression of downstream genes that enable axon regeneration. By exploiting ATF3 reporter systems, we identify topoisomerase inhibitors as ATF3 inducers, including camptothecin. Camptothecin increases ATF3 expression and promotes neurite outgrowth in sensory neurons in vitro and enhances axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve crush in vivo. Given the action of topoisomerases in producing DNA breaks, we determine that they do occur immediately after nerve damage at the ATF3 gene locus in injured sensory neurons and are further increased after camptothecin exposure. Formation of DNA breaks in injured sensory neurons and enhancement of it pharmacologically may contribute to the initiation of those transcriptional changes required for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Cheng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Snavely
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee B Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Crystal Herman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devlin J Frost
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priscilla Riva
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Tochitsky
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bhagat Singh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jelena Ivanis
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric A Huebner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Arvanites
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vatsal Oza
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lance Davidow
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Rie Maeda
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alyssa Grantham
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amelia N Chang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Pfaff
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Anaesthesia Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bjoern Schwer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Program in Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Renthal W, Tochitsky I, Yang L, Cheng YC, Li E, Kawaguchi R, Geschwind DH, Woolf CJ. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Distinct Peripheral Sensory Neuron Subtypes after Axonal Injury. Neuron 2020; 108:128-144.e9. [PMID: 32810432 PMCID: PMC7590250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary somatosensory neurons are specialized to transmit specific types of sensory information through differences in cell size, myelination, and the expression of distinct receptors and ion channels, which together define their transcriptional and functional identity. By profiling sensory ganglia at single-cell resolution, we find that all somatosensory neuronal subtypes undergo a similar transcriptional response to peripheral nerve injury that both promotes axonal regeneration and suppresses cell identity. This transcriptional reprogramming, which is not observed in non-neuronal cells, resolves over a similar time course as target reinnervation and is associated with the restoration of original cell identity. Injury-induced transcriptional reprogramming requires ATF3, a transcription factor that is induced rapidly after injury and necessary for axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Our findings suggest that transcription factors induced early after peripheral nerve injury confer the cellular plasticity required for sensory neurons to transform into a regenerative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Renthal
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ivan Tochitsky
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Cir., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lite Yang
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Cir., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yung-Chih Cheng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Cir., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emmy Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Cir., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Weinstock NI, Shin D, Dhimal N, Hong X, Irons EE, Silvestri NJ, Reed CB, Nguyen D, Sampson O, Cheng YC, Lau JTY, Bongarzone ER, Kofler J, Escolar ML, Gelb MH, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. Macrophages Expressing GALC Improve Peripheral Krabbe Disease by a Mechanism Independent of Cross-Correction. Neuron 2020; 107:65-81.e9. [PMID: 32375064 PMCID: PMC7924901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many therapies for lysosomal storage disorders rely on cross-correction of lysosomal enzymes. In globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), mutations in GALC cause psychosine accumulation, inducing demyelination, a neuroinflammatory "globoid" reaction and neurodegeneration. The efficiency of GALC cross-correction in vivo, the role of the GALC substrate galactosylceramide, and the origin of psychosine are poorly understood. Using a novel GLD model, we show that cross-correction does not occur efficiently in vivo and that Galc-deficient Schwann cells autonomously produce psychosine. Furthermore, macrophages require GALC to degrade myelin, as Galc-deficient macrophages are transformed into globoid cells by exposure to galactosylceramide and produce a more severe GLD phenotype. Finally, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients reduces globoid cells in nerves, suggesting that the phagocytic response of healthy macrophages, rather than cross-correction, contributes to the therapeutic effect. Thus, GLD may be caused by at least two mechanisms: psychosine-induced demyelination and secondary neuroinflammation from galactosylceramide storage in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav I Weinstock
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Daesung Shin
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Narayan Dhimal
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Xinying Hong
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eric E Irons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Nicholas J Silvestri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Chelsey B Reed
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Oliver Sampson
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Yung-Chih Cheng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Maria L Escolar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Bloomer S, Cheng YC, Yakout HM, Kim SW. 367 Combinational use of sodium butyrate and phytogenics on intestinal health of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate (SB), phytogenics (PH), or a combination were studied on intestinal health of nursery pigs. Phytogenics were blends of dry herbs and essential oil components. Forty-eight weaned pigs (21-d-old; 6.9 ± 0.6 kg BW) were individually housed, blocked by initial BW and sex, allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) in a RCBD, and fed for 33-d (P1: 0–7; P2: 7–19; and P3: 19–33). Treatments were arranged by 2 factors: SB (P1: 0.2% and P2: 0.1%) and PH (P3: 0.033%). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient requirements and pigs were fed ad libitum. For each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured. Fecal scores were assessed during d 3–19 and d 26–33. Blood samples were drawn in P2 and P3 to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Four pigs at P2 and 8 pigs in P3 from each treatment were euthanized to collect jejunal tissue, jejunal mucosa, and ileal digesta to measure gut histology, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Fixed effects were treatments and random effects were blocks. In P2 and P1-2, SB decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI whereas no effect on ADG and G:F. In P2, SB tended to decrease (P = 0.063) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) whereas increased (P < 0.05) enterocyte proliferation in P3. In P3 and overall, PH increased (P < 0.05) G:F. No changes were found in TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, IgG, and protein carbonyl. Conclusively, SB and a combinational use of SB and PH showed minimal effects on growth performance and gut health when added to the diets of nursery pigs. However, PH supplementation increased feed efficiency of nursery pigs during 19–33 d post-weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S W Kim
- North Carolina State University
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Jang K, Cheng YC, Kim SW. 126 Evaluation of true ileal amino acid digestibility of fermented soybean meal fed to nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) has smaller peptides and reduced anti-nutritional factors compared with those in conventional SBM. Apparent and true ileal digestibilities (AID and TID) of AA in FSBM were measured using both a direct method and a substitution method. Forty eight (24 barrows and 24 gilts) pigs at 7 kg BW were allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial body weight as blocks. Treatments includes NFD (semi-purified N free diet to measure endogenous AA loss), NFSB (NFD with 20% FSBM; Genebiotech Co., Ltd. and Nutraferma, Inc), CBD (corn basal diet), and CBSB (CBD at 80% and FSBM at 20%). NFD and NFSB were used to directly measure AID and TID AA of FSBM, whereas NFD, CBD, and CBSB were used to indirectly calculate AID and TID AA of FSBM using a substitution method. Experimental diets included TiO2 (0.4%). Pigs were fed experimental diets for 10 days. Feed allowance was based on 0.09 x BW0.75 kg per day. All pigs were euthanized at the end of the experiments to collect ileal digesta. Diets and ileal digesta were used to quantify TiO2 and AA. Data were analyzed using Mixed Procedure of SAS 9.4. Dietary treatment was the main effect and blocks were random effects. Endogenous AA loss was 2.48 g. When measured by a direct method, AID and TID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp were 72.1 and 89.8%, 74.9 and 92.1%, 61.0 and 88.5%, and 72.2 and 92.2%, respectively. When measured by a substitution method, AID and TID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp were 64.7 and 84.4%, 60.5 and 77.9%, 36.2 and 57.0%, and 58.2 and 81.0%, respectively. Overall, a direct method showed higher AID and TID AA in FSBM than those measured by a substitution method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S W Kim
- North Carolina State University
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Lisi V, Singh B, Giroux M, Guzman E, Painter MW, Cheng YC, Huebner E, Coppola G, Costigan M, Woolf CJ, Kosik KS. Enhanced Neuronal Regeneration in the CAST/Ei Mouse Strain Is Linked to Expression of Differentiation Markers after Injury. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1136-1147. [PMID: 28768198 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration after injury requires a broad program of transcriptional changes. We investigated the basis for the enhanced nerve regenerative capacity of the CAST/Ei mouse strain relative to C57BL/6 mice. RNA sequencing of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) showed a CAST/Ei-specific upregulation of Ascl1 after injury. Ascl1 overexpression in DRG neurons of C57BL/6 mice enhanced their neurite outgrowth. Ascl1 is regulated by miR-7048-3p, which is downregulated in CAST/Ei mice. Inhibition of miR-7048-3p enhances neurite outgrowth. Following injury, CAST/Ei neurons largely retained their mature neuronal profile as determined by single-cell RNA- seq, whereas the C57BL/6 neurons acquired an immature profile. These findings suggest that one facet of the enhanced regenerative phenotype is preservation of neuronal identity in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Lisi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bhagat Singh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michel Giroux
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michio W Painter
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yung-Chih Cheng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Huebner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Anaesthesia Department, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Cheng YC, Walsh K, Williams L, Wallace WA, Harrison DJ, Oniscu A. ALK immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of ALK translocated lung adenocarcinomas: lessons from an audit of lung cancer molecular testing. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2018; 48:20-24. [DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2018.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Cheng YC, Pan YP, Zhang Y, Pan YT, Ding CY, Cao Y, Zhuo L, Fang RF, Gao AY, Guo J, Li AJ, Fu Q, Ma J, Zhan SY. [Investigation of the cognition and behavior on drug safety in Beijing middle school students]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2017; 49:1038-1043. [PMID: 29263478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the cognition and behavior of drug safety in Beijing middle school students and provide advice for relevant education. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using paper questionnaires was carried out on the student body of nine Beijing middle schools. Multi-stage proportionate stratified cluster sampling was adopted to enroll participants. In addition to demographic questions, the questionnaire included 17 questions assessing the cognition and behavior of safe drug use, prioritizing questions that aligned with the health education guideline for primary and secondary school students from Chinese Ministry of Education. Descriptive statistical methods were applied using the SAS 9.2 software. RESULTS Of the 4 220 students investigated, 2 097(49.7%) were males and 2 123(50.3%) were females. The average age was (14.3±1.7) years. 2 030(48.1%) students were from downtown areas, 1 511(35.8%) were from urban-rural linking areas and 679(16.1%) were from rural areas. Half (51.5%) of the respondents were junior high school students, and the others were from senior high schools (34.2%) and vocational high schools (14.3%). Most of the students (89.6%) lived off campus. The awareness rate of drug safety knowledge was 74.4%, the median score of drug safety behavior was 4 points (full score was 5 points) and there was a statistically positive correlation between the two (Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.156, P<0.001). Both the awareness rates and the drug safety behavior scores were statistically different among the students in different regions, different school types and different residence types (P<0.001). Multiple factors analysis demonstrated the correlation between the cognition degrees of both drug safety knowledge, behavior and the above factors. Of all the students, 80.4% agreed that any drug could have adverse drug reactions; 40.5% were aware that antibiotics couldn't kill viruses; as many as 49.6% mistook aspirin as antibiotic; 97.4% would read drug instructions before taking them; Only 42.4% put expired drugs into special recycling bins; 49.8% would deviate from the suggested dosage and frequency of their medication when they were sick with common diseases. CONCLUSION Overall, the cognition of drug safety in Beijing middle school students is good, but problems still exist in medication adherence, the management of expired drugs and the antibiotics cognition, which need to be fixed through specific, pointed way of education. And more efforts should be made to improve the cognition in rural regions, vocational high schools and on campus students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - Y P Pan
- Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center of Dongcheng District, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - Y T Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - C Y Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - L Zhuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - R F Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
| | - A Y Gao
- Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center of Dongcheng District, Beijing 100007, China
| | - J Guo
- Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center of Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China
| | - A J Li
- Sports Hygiene Center of Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Q Fu
- Sports Hygiene Center of Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - J Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - S Y Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China
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11
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Cheng YC, Smith E, Yen T. Abstract P5-16-09: Overall survival of patients with non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy: Cohort analysis of National cancer data base (NCDB) 2010 - 2011. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-16-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: One of the benefits of neoadjuvant approach to the treatment of breast cancer is early microscopic disease control, which should translate to improved survival. However, clinical trials have not yet shown a survival benefit for neoadjuvant approach in even high risk patients, such as triple negative cases. Few studies have been performed outside of clinical trials.
Purpose: The objective of our study was to compare the overall survival of Stage I-III triple negative breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy within the NCDB, a prospectively collected, large, nationwide, hospital-based cancer outcomes database which contains information for more than 1,500 Commission on Cancer-accredited cancer programs in the U.S.
Patient and Method: We identified a cohort of women, aged > 18 year-old at diagnosis, with clinical stage I-III triple negative breast cancer diagnosed in 2010-2011, who received either neoadjuvant chemotherapy only or adjuvant chemotherapy only. Patients with incomplete or missing vital status, receptors status and treatment information were excluded. Demographic (age at diagnosis, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, insurance, median income, urbanicity), tumor (clinical stage, histology, grade) and treatment (breast surgery, surgical margin, radiation) factors were examined. Stabilized inverse proportion weights were developed and assigned to balance the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups on all demographic, tumor and treatment covariates. Unadjusted and adjusted overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.
Results: Among the 15,483 women with triple negative breast cancer, 4,335 (28%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 11,148 (72%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Most of the demographic, tumor and treatment factors were similarly distributed among neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups except age at diagnosis and clinical stage. Compared to patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to be younger (45% vs. 31% < 50 year-old, p<0.0001) and have a higher clinical stage (35% vs. 6% stage III, p<0.0001). The unadjusted 4-year overall survival of patients received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant approach was 75.8% (95% CI 74.4%-77.4%) and 87.5% (95% CI 87.1%-87.9%), respectively. After adjusting for demographic, tumor and treatment factors, the 4-year overall survival of patients received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant approach was 81.9% (95% CI 79.5%-84.3%) and 85.3% (95% CI 85.2%-85.4%), respectively.
Conclusion: In this NCDB study, the overall survival of triple negative breast cancer patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was inferior to those received adjuvant chemotherapy, even after adjusting for demographic, tumor and treatment factors. However, information regarding the chemotherapy regimen used and whether a full course of chemotherapy was delivered (2 factors that affect disease response and outcome) was not available. Patient and tumor factors at the time of disease presentation that are important in determining which triple negative patients will benefit from neoadjuvant approach remain to be defined.
Citation Format: Cheng YC, Smith E, Yen T. Overall survival of patients with non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer who received neoadjuvant vs adjuvant chemotherapy: Cohort analysis of National cancer data base (NCDB) 2010 - 2011 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-16-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- YC Cheng
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - E Smith
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - T Yen
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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12
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Xu LL, Zhang LD, Liang YJ, Tang W, Huang XQ, Pei YX, Cheng YC, Huang HM, Zhang C. [Clinical observation on human alpha glucosidase in treatment of five patients with glycogen storage disease Ⅱ]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 54:829-833. [PMID: 27806790 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on glycogen storage disease typeⅡ(GSDⅡ). Method: The clinical data of three juvenile onset and two infant onset GSDⅡpatients were collected from First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in October 2015 to July 2016.Patient 1 was female, the age of onset was 15 months. Patient 2 was male, the age of onset was 20 months. Patient 3 was female, the sister of patient 2, the age of onset was 47 months. Patient 4 was male, the age of onset was 5 months. Patient 5 was male, the age of onset was 1 month.The age at the start of ERT of the 5 patients was 32, 31, 56, 34, and 3 months respectively and the duration of ERT was 19, 9, 4, 5, 5 doses respectively.ERT was administered at 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks.Dexamethasone was regularly given before each infusion. Result: ERT was well tolerated, only one time, Patient 1 developed tachycardia and hypertension without using dexamethasone.Patient 2 underwent successfully ventilator weaning.Patient 1 underwent a tracheotomy, also needed mechanical ventilation treatment.Patient 4 noninvasive ventilation was tried. Conclusion: Recombinant human alpha-glucosidase treatment was effective and well tolerated in patients with GSDⅡ.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Xu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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13
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Ma ED, Leung CH, Chiu P, Cheng YC. Structure-based discovery and development of natural products as Type II JAK2 inhibitors for the treatment of hepatitis C. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:32-36. [PMID: 27390008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Dl Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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14
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Bluher A, Devan WJ, Holliday EG, Nalls M, Parolo S, Bione S, Giese AK, Boncoraglio GB, Maguire JM, Müller-Nurasyid M, Gieger C, Meschia JF, Rosand J, Rolfs A, Kittner SJ, Mitchell BD, O'Connell JR, Cheng YC. Heritability of young- and old-onset ischaemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2015; 22:1488-91. [PMID: 26333310 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the genetic contribution to stroke risk is well known, it remains unclear if young-onset stroke has a stronger genetic contribution than old-onset stroke. This study aims to compare the heritability of ischaemic stroke risk between young and old, using common genetic variants from whole-genome array data in population-based samples. METHODS This analysis included 4050 ischaemic stroke cases and 5765 controls from six study populations of European ancestry; 47% of cases were young-onset stroke (age < 55 years). To quantify the heritability for stroke risk in these unrelated individuals, the pairwise genetic relatedness was estimated between individuals based on their whole-genome array data using a mixed linear model. Heritability was estimated separately for young-onset stroke and old-onset stroke (age ≥ 55 years). RESULTS Heritabilities for young-onset stroke and old-onset stroke were estimated at 42% (±8%, P < 0.001) and 34% (±10%, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the genetic contribution to the risk of stroke may be higher in young-onset ischaemic stroke, although the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bluher
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W J Devan
- Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E G Holliday
- Public Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Parolo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Bione
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
| | - A K Giese
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - G B Boncoraglio
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - J M Maguire
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - C Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J F Meschia
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - J Rosand
- Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Rolfs
- Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S J Kittner
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y C Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Research and Development Program, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chen TA, Liao CC, Cheng YC, Chen YP, Hsu YF, Liang CM, Liang SM. Stimulation of Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Macrophages by Type B CpG-ODNs Is F-Spondin and IL-1Ra Dependent. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128926. [PMID: 26042735 PMCID: PMC4456401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage proliferation and migration are important for many facets of immune response. Here we showed that stimulation of macrophages with type B CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-B ODNs) such as CpG-ODN 1668 increased the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in a TLR9- and MyD88-dependent manner. The CpG-B ODNs-induced IL-1Ra increased macrophage migration and promoted macrophage proliferation by down-regulating the expression of a cell cycle negative regulator, p27 to increase cell population in the S phase. The induction of IL-1Ra by CpG-B ODNs was F-spondin dependent. Knockdown of F-spondin and IL-1Ra decreased CpG-B ODNs-induced macrophage migration whereas overexpression of IL-1Ra increased migration of those cells. These findings demonstrated novel roles for F-spondin and IL-1Ra in CpG-B ODNs-mediated cell proliferation and migration of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-An Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yung-Chih Cheng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Hsu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Cheng YC, Zeng H, Trull J, Cojocaru C, Malinauskas M, Jukna T, Wiersma DS, Staliunas K. Beam focalization in reflection from flat dielectric subwavelength gratings. Opt Lett 2014; 39:6086-6089. [PMID: 25361162 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the recently predicted effect of near-field focusing for light beams from flat dielectric subwavelength gratings (SWGs). This SWGs were designed for visible light 532 nm and fabricated by direct laser writing in a negative photoresist, with the refractive index n=1.5 and the period d=314 nm. The laterally invariant gratings can focus light beams without any optical axis to achieve the transversal invariance. We show that focal distances can be obtained up to 13 μm at normal reflection for TE polarization.
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17
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Painter MW, Brosius Lutz A, Cheng YC, Latremoliere A, Duong K, Miller CM, Posada S, Cobos EJ, Zhang AX, Wagers AJ, Havton LA, Barres B, Omura T, Woolf CJ. Diminished Schwann cell repair responses underlie age-associated impaired axonal regeneration. Neuron 2014; 83:331-343. [PMID: 25033179 PMCID: PMC4106408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the peripheral nervous system declines with age. Why this occurs, however, is unknown. We demonstrate that 24-month-old mice exhibit an impairment of functional recovery after nerve injury compared to 2-month-old animals. We find no difference in the intrinsic growth capacity between aged and young sensory neurons in vitro or in their ability to activate growth-associated transcriptional programs after injury. Instead, using age-mismatched nerve transplants in vivo, we show that the extent of functional recovery depends on the age of the nerve graft, and not the age of the host. Molecular interrogation of the sciatic nerve reveals that aged Schwann cells (SCs) fail to rapidly activate a transcriptional repair program after injury. Functionally, aged SCs exhibit impaired dedifferentiation, myelin clearance, and macrophage recruitment. These results suggest that the age-associated decline in axonal regeneration results from diminished Schwann cell plasticity, leading to slower myelin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio W Painter
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Immunology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Brosius Lutz
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yung-Chih Cheng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelly Duong
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine M Miller
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sean Posada
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Enrique J Cobos
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alice X Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Leif A Havton
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ben Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Takao Omura
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Cheng YC, Chen TA, Chen CY, Liang CM, Liang SM. 3'poly-G-tailed ODNs inhibit F-spondin to induce cell death and neurite retraction in rat embryonic neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:536-49. [PMID: 22592270 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects and mechanism of action of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing CpG motif (CpG-ODNs) on neuron cells are largely unexamined. Here, we found that CpG-A ODNs but not other types of CpG-ODNs induced neurite retraction and cell apoptosis of rat embryonic neurons in a TLR9-independent manner. These effects of CpG-A ODNs were primarily due to the poly-guanosine at the 3' terminus (3'G-ODNs). Pull-down analysis showed that 3'G-ODNs associated with transcription factor Y-BOX1 (YB-1) to facilitate the translocation of YB-1 into the nucleus via the nuclear localizing sequence of YB-1. YB-1 then interacted with the promoter of F-spondin directly at -45 and -1,375 sites as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Binding of YB-1 to F-spondin promoter resulted in downregulation of F-spondin expression. Overexpression of F-spondin rescued the cell death and neurite retraction induced by 3'G-ODNs in embryonic neuron cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that 3'G-ODNs enhance nucleus YB-1 to inhibit F-spondin leading to cell death and neurite retraction of embryonic neuron cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Cheng
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang YC, Cheng YC, Wang TF, Liang SM. Studies on the biological function of virus-like particles of foot and mouth disease (160.13). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.160.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD), a severe and highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, is the most economically devastating livestock disease in the world. The development of a cheap and noninfectious virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine has now attracted worldwide interest. In this study, we used SUMO fusion technology to produce a VLP of FMD virus (FMDV). The purified FMD-VLPs morphologically resembled FMD virions and were able to interact with host receptors in a manner similar to FMDV. Immunization of guinea pig or swine with FMD-VLPs resulted in the production of anti-FMDV neutralizing antibodies. RT-PCR analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the FMD-VLPs-immunized swine revealed that FMD-VLPs enhanced the transcription of Th1-like cytokines (IFN- and IL-2) and Th2-like cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Further investigation of the immune mechanisms revealed that FMD-VLPs induced maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) via toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) to induce CD4+ and CD8+ T proliferation. These results suggest that FMD-VLPs could be used as an effective vaccine candidate against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Chang
- 1Agricultural Biotechnolgy Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Cheng
- 1Agricultural Biotechnolgy Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Wang
- 2Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Liang
- 1Agricultural Biotechnolgy Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Zhu ZY, Cheng YC, Schwingenschlögl U. The origin of the pseudogap in α-Ga. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:475502. [PMID: 22075974 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/47/475502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory, the free-electron empty lattice approximation and the nearly free-electron approximation are employed to investigate the electronic properties of partially covalent α-Ga. Whereas free-electron-like properties are revealed over a large energy range, a deep pseudogap at the Fermi level is characteristic of α-Ga. We explain the origin of the pseudogap in terms of a delicate interplay between the electronic states and the specific Brillouin zone geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhu
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Chen TA, Wang JL, Hung SW, Chu CL, Cheng YC, Liang SM. Recombinant VP1, an Akt inhibitor, suppresses progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing apoptosis and modulation of CCL2 production. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23317. [PMID: 21826248 PMCID: PMC3149645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The application of viral elements in tumor therapy is one facet of cancer research. Recombinant capsid protein VP1 (rVP1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus has previously been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Here, we aim to further investigate its apoptotic mechanism and possible anti-metastatic effect in murine models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common human cancers worldwide. Methodology/Principal Findings Treatment with rVP1 inhibited cell proliferation in two murine HCC cell lines, BNL and Hepa1-6, with IC50 values in the range of 0.1–0.2 µM. rVP1 also induced apoptosis in these cells, which was mediated by Akt deactivation and dissociation of Ku70-Bax, and resulted in conformational changes and mitochondrial translocation of Bax, leading to the activation of caspases-9, -3 and -7. Treatment with 0.025 µM rVP1, which did not affect the viability of normal hepatocytes, suppressed cell migration and invasion via attenuating CCL2 production. The production of CCL2 was modulated by Akt-dependent NF-κB activation that was decreased after rVP1 treatment. The in vivo antitumor effects of rVP1 were assessed in both subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse models of HCC in immune-competent BALB/c mice. Intratumoral delivery of rVP1 inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth as a result of increased apoptosis. Intravenous administration of rVP1 in an orthotopic HCC model suppressed tumor growth, inhibited intra-hepatic metastasis, and prolonged survival. Furthermore, a decrease in the serum level of CCL2 was observed in rVP1-treated mice. Conclusions/Significance The data presented herein suggest that, via inhibiting Akt phosphorylation, rVP1 suppresses the growth, migration, and invasion of murine HCC cells by inducing apoptosis and attenuating CCL2 production both in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant protein VP1 thus has the potential to be developed as a new therapeutic agent for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-An Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Wang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wen Hung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Li Chu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Cheng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Huang CC, Chang SJ, Kuo CH, Ko CH, Wann CH, Cheng YC, Lin WJ. GaN epitaxial layers prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:1248-1251. [PMID: 21456167 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of GaN epitaxial layer on Si(001) substrate with nano-patterns prepared by dry etching facility used in integrated circuit (IC) industry. It was found that the GaN epitaxial layer prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate exhibits both cubic and hexagonal phases. It was also found that threading dislocation observed from GaN prepared on nano-patterned Si(001) substrate was significantly smaller than that prepared on conventional unpatterned Si(111) substrate. Furthermore, it was found that we can reduce the tensile stress in GaN epitaxial layer by about 78% using the nano-patterned Si(001) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Cheng YC, Valero V, Davis ML, Green MC, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Theriault RL, Murray JL, Hortobagyi GN, Ueno NT. Addition of GM-CSF to trastuzumab stabilises disease in trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1331-4. [PMID: 20877352 PMCID: PMC2990606 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the proposed mechanisms of trastuzumab-induced regression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) tumours includes facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mediates ADCC. We presented our pilot study of adding GM-CSF to trastuzumab in patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer that progressed after trastuzumab +/− chemotherapy were continued on trastuzumab 2 mg kg–1 intravenous weekly and GM-CSF 250 μg m–2 subcutaneous daily. Patients were assessed for response every 8 weeks. Treatment was continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Results: Seventeen patients were evaluable (median age 48 years, range 27–75 years). The median number of metastatic sites was 2 (range 1–3); the most common site was the liver (n=10). The median number of prior regimens for metastatic disease was 2 (range 1–5). No objective disease response was observed, but five patients (29%) had stable disease for a median duration of 15.8 (range 10–53.9) weeks. The most common adverse event was rash at the injection site. No grade 4 or irreversible adverse event was seen. Conclusion: The addition of GM-CSF to trastuzumab alone had a modest clinical benefit and acceptable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Hsiao CH, Chang SJ, Wang SB, Chang SP, Cheng YC, Li TC, Lin WJ, Huang BR. Quaternary ZnCdSeTe nanowires. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:798-802. [PMID: 20352720 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the growth of needle-like high density quaternary ZnCdSeTe nanowires on oxidized Si(100) substrate using vapor-liquid-solid mechanism by molecular beam epitaxy with an Au-based nanocatalyst. It was found that average length and average diameter of the nanowires were 1.3 microm and 91 nm, respectively. It was also found that the as-grown ZnCdSeTe nanowires exhibit mixture of cubic zinc-blende and hexagonal wurtzite structures. Energy depersive results indicate that composition ratio of our nanowire should be Zn0.87Cd0.13Se0.98Te0.02, which agrees excellently with the designated composition ratio of Zn0.87Cd0.13Se0.98Te0.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hsiao
- Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Cheng YC, Liang CM, Chen YP, Tsai IH, Kuo CC, Liang SM. F-spondin plays a critical role in murine neuroblastoma survival by maintaining IL-6 expression. J Neurochem 2009; 110:947-55. [PMID: 19549008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
F-spondin is associated with the regulation of axonal growth and the development of the nervous system. Its mechanism of action, however, is not clearly understood. In this study, we found that murine neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells expressed a significant level of IL-6, but only trace amounts of IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide. Knock-down of F-spondin mRNA in murine neuroblastoma NB41A3 and Neuro-2a cells using small interfering RNAs led to decreased IL-6 levels along with lower resistance to serum starvation and cytotoxic amyloid beta(1-42) (Abeta(1-42)) peptide. Restoring decline of F-spondin or IL-6 induced by F-spondin knock-down through adding exogenous F-spondin, IL-6 or over-expressing F-spondin reversed the cell death induced by Abeta(1-42) peptide or serum starvation. The decrease of IL-6 level was positively correlated with decrease of NF-kappaB and inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Over-expressing MEKK, a kinase activator of the p38 MAPK pathway, increased IL-6 production, restored the decrease of p38 induced by F-spondin knock-down, and rescued the cells from death caused by Abeta(1-42) peptide. Taken together, these results suggest that F-spondin may play a critical role in murine neuroblastoma survival under adverse conditions by maintaining IL-6 level via a MEKK/p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Cheng
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liang SM, Chen YP, Cheng YC, Huang CY, Chu CL, Liang CM. Activation of TLR2 by fibrillar albumin (135.34). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.135.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors and play important roles in initiating innate and adaptive immunity. Among TLRs, TLR2 has the widest range of known agonists which have been applied as vaccines and cancer adjuvant. We have recently found a process that converted globular bovine serum albumin (G-BSA) into fibrillar BSA (F-BSA). Here, we studied the immunological effects of F-BSA and found that F-BSA, but not G-BSA, activated NF£eB in exogenous TLR2 expressing HEK293T cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation results revealed that F-BSA bound to TLR-2 directly. F-BSA induced macrophages of normal mice but not macrophages of TLR2-/- mice to produce cytokines. The TLR2 activating ability of F-BSA was blocked by TLR2 antibody and was not due to contamination of TLR2 agonist £]-glucan and peptidoglycan from microbes. The activation of TLR2 by F-BSA was associated with TLR1 and CD14 as indicated by using co-transfection of expressing plasmids and antibody blocking. These results suggest that F-BSA is a new agonist of TLR2 and might be used as vaccine adjuvant.
This study was supported by the grant NSC 96-2313-B-001-005-MY3 from the National Science Council of Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chi-Ming Liang
- 2Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ueno NT, Rizzo JD, Demirer T, Cheng YC, Hegenbart U, Zhang MJ, Bregni M, Carella A, Blaise D, Bashey A, Bitran JD, Bolwell BJ, Elfenbein GJ, Fields KK, Freytes CO, Gale RP, Lazarus HM, Champlin RE, Stiff PJ, Niederwieser D. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for metastatic breast cancer. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 41:537-45. [PMID: 18084340 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed 66 women with poor-risk metastatic breast cancer from 15 centers to describe the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Median follow-up for survivors was 40 months (range, 3-64). A total of 39 patients (59%) received myeloablative and 27 (41%) reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens. More patients in the RIC group had poor pretransplant performance status (63 vs 26%, P=0.002). RIC group developed less chronic GVHD (8 vs 36% at 1 year, P=0.003). Treatment-related mortality rates were lower with RIC (7 vs 29% at 100 days, P=0.03). A total of 9 of 33 patients (27%) who underwent immune manipulation for persistent or progressive disease had disease control, suggesting a graft-vs-tumor (GVT) effect. Progression-free survival (PFS) at 1 year was 23% with myeloablative conditioning and 8% with RIC (P=0.09). Women who developed acute GVHD after an RIC regimen had lower risks of relapse or progression than those who did not (relative risk, 3.05: P=0.03), consistent with a GVT effect, but this did not affect PFS. These findings support the need for preclinical and clinical studies that facilitate targeted adoptive immunotherapy for breast cancer to explore the benefit of a GVT effect in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Ueno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Wong TC, Wu WC, Cheng HS, Cheng YC, Yam SK. Spontaneous fractures in nursing home residents. Hong Kong Med J 2007; 13:427-429. [PMID: 18057429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate spontaneous long bone fractures occurring in nursing home residents and to identify what factors put them at risk for fractures. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of a pubic hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS A total of 30 nursing home residents who developed spontaneous long bone fractures between 1994 and 2005 were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic data, mechanism of injury, pattern of fractures, associated risk factors, complications, outcomes, and post-treatment status. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 84 years. Co-morbidities were as follows: 22 patients were bedridden, 21 required long-term feeding by Ryle's tube, 19 had a history of cerebrovascular accident and 18 of whom had a long bone fracture on the side of the hemiplegia, 15 had dementia, and 25 had lower limb contractures. Closed supracondylar fractures of the femur occurred in 23 patients, 17 of whom presented with limb deformity. In 21 patients, fractures were treated successfully with hinged braces. In one patient, the fracture changed from closed to open. In five patients, the fractures were complicated by sacrum or heel sores, and in one by infected nonunion. In 28 patients, the fractures eventually healed without further complications. Three formerly bedridden patients were able to sit after their fractures had been treated. CONCLUSIONS Female nursing home residents who require long-term Ryle's tube feeding, have dementia, hemiplegia, lower limb contractures, osteoporosis, or are bedridden, are at high risk for spontaneous fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
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Huang GS, Wu XL, Cheng YC, Li XF, Luo SH, Feng T, Chu PK. Fabrication and field emission property of a Si nanotip array. Nanotechnology 2006; 17:5573-5576. [PMID: 21727326 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/22/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using a Si-based porous anodic alumina membrane as a mask, we demonstrate a way to pattern Si surface. After removing the SiO(2) nanoislands formed during anodization of the Al/Si interface, we obtain a Si nanotip array on the surface of a Si wafer. This array shows an excellent field emission property with a low turn-on field of 8.5 V µm(-1). The Fowler-Nordheim plot obtained is linearly dependent, indicating that the emission current arises from the quantum tunnelling effect. The Si nanotip array can be expected to have important applications in nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China. Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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30
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Ueno NT, Cheng YC. The future of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of target-specific therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 38:711-4. [PMID: 17106451 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Cheng IC, Liang SM, Tu WJ, Chen CM, Lai SY, Cheng YC, Lee F, Huang TS, Jong MH. Study on the porcinophilic foot-and-mouth disease virus I. production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against VP1. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:859-64. [PMID: 16953088 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reported here were produced against the porcinophilic foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) that caused the devastating swine disease on 1997 in Taiwan. A panel (25) of MAbs were found to react with VP1 of O/Taiwan/97 (O/97) by ELISA with various potencies. The biological identities of these VP1 reacting MAbs, such as neutralization activity, isotype and capability to distinguish between two serotype O FMDVs, O/97 and O/Taiwan/KM1/99 (O/99), were further analyzed. Eleven out of the total eighteen O/97 neutralizing MAbs were able to neutralize heterologous O/99. Eight O/97 neutralizing and five non-neutralizing MAbs could differentiate two serotype O FMDVs by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) implied that these thirteen MAbs recognized O/97 specific epitope(s). Furthermore, reactivities of the VP1 reacting MAbs with a 29 amino acids synthetic peptide (P29) representing the betaG-betaH loop of VP1 were analyzed by ELISA and fourteen were found positive. MAb clone Q10E-3 reacting strongest with VP1 and P29, neutralizing both but not differentiating two serotype O viruses suggested that the antibody binding site might involve the RGD motif and its C terminal conserved region on betaG-betaH loop. MAbs with diverse characters presented in this study were the first raised against porcinophilic FMDV. The complete set of MAbs may be used for further studies of vaccine, diagnostic methods, prophylaxis, etiological and immunological researches on FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan-Chen Cheng
- Division of Animal Medicine, Animal Technology Institute, Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
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32
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Ke WC, Fu CP, Huang CC, Ku CS, Lee L, Chen CY, Tsai WC, Chen WK, Lee MC, Chou WC, Lin WJ, Cheng YC. Optical properties and carrier dynamics of self-assembled GaN/Al(0.11)Ga(0.89)N quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2006; 17:2609-2613. [PMID: 21727512 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/10/027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
GaN quantum dots were grown on an Al(0.11)Ga(0.89)N buffer layer by using flow rate modulation epitaxy. The Stranski-Krastanov growth mode was identified by an atomic force microscopy study. The thickness of the wetting layer is about 7.2 monolayers. The temperature dependent photoluminescence studies showed that at low temperature the localization energy, which accounts for de-trapping of excitons, decreases with the reducing dot size. The decrease in emission efficiency at high temperature is attributed to the activation of carriers from the GaN dot to the nitrogen vacancy (V(N)) state of the Al(0.11)Ga(0.89)N barrier layer. The activation energy decreases with reducing dot size.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Ke
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
We study the quantum coherence in the B800 ring and how it affects the dynamics of excitation energy transfer (EET) in photo-synthetic light-harvesting systems. From an analysis of the spectrum, we determine the disorder parameters for the B800 ring and show that the relatively weak electronic coupling between B800 pigments subtly changes the dynamics of EET and improves the uniformity and robustness of B800 --> B850 EET at room temperature, an example of how a multichromophoric assembly can exploit coherence to optimize the efficiency of photosynthesis. A molecular-level description for the dynamics of EET in the light-harvesting system may prove useful for understanding other nanoscale molecular assemblies and designing efficient nanoscale optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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34
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Kim SA, Liang CM, Cheng IC, Cheng YC, Chiao MT, Tseng CJ, Lee F, Jong MH, Tao MH, Yang NS, Liang SM. DNA vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease via electroporation: study of molecular approaches for enhancing VP1 antigenicity. J Gene Med 2006; 8:1182-91. [PMID: 16927362 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) affects susceptible livestock animals and causes disastrous economic impact. Immunization with plasmid expressing VP1 that contains the major antigenic epitope(s) of FMDV as cytoplasmic protein (cVP1) failed to elicit full protection against FMDV challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, mice were immunized via electroporation with four cDNA expression vectors that were constructed to express VP1 of FMDV, as cytoplasmic (cVP1), secreted (sVP1), membrane-anchored (mVP1) or capsid precursor protein (P1), respectively, to evaluate whether expression of VP1 in specific subcellular compartment(s) would result in better immune responses. RESULTS Electroporation enhanced immune responses to vectors expressing cVP1 or P1 and expedited the immune responses to vectors expressing sVP1 or mVP1. Immunization of mice via electroporation with mVP1 cDNA was better than sVP1 or cVP1 cDNA in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and viral clearance protection. Vaccination with P1 cDNA, nonetheless, yielded the best immune responses and protection among all four cDNAs that we tested. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the antigenicity of a VP1 DNA vaccine can be significantly enhanced by altering the cellular localization of the VP1 antigen. Electroporation is a useful tool for enhancing the immune responses of vectors expressing VP1 or P1. By mimicking FMDV more closely than that of transgenic VP1 and eliciting immune responses favorably toward Th2, transgenic P1 may induce more neutralizing antibodies and better protection against FMDV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Am Kim
- Institute of BioAgricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
In this paper, we examine the validity of the Markovian approximation and the slippage scheme used to incorporate short time transient memory effects in the Markovian master equations (Redfield equations). We argue that for a bath described by a spectral function, J(omega), that is dense and smoothly spread out over the range omega(d), a time scale of tau(b) approximately 1/omega(d) exists; for times of t > tau(b), the Markovian approximation is applicable. In addition, if J(omega) decays to zero reasonably fast in both the omega --> 0 and omega --> infinity limits, then the bath relaxation time, tau(b), is determined by the width of the spectral function and is weakly dependent on the temperature of the bath. On the basis of this criterion of tau(b), a scheme to incorporate transient memory effects in the Markovian master equation is suggested. Instead of using slipped initial conditions, we propose a concatenation scheme that uses the second-order perturbation theory for short time dynamics and the Markovian master equation at long times. Application of this concatenation scheme to the spin-boson model shows that it reproduces the reduced dynamics obtained from the non-Markovian master equation for all parameters studied, while the simple slippage scheme breaks down at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Cheng YC, Lirng JF, Chang FC, Guo WY, Teng MMH, Chang CY, Wong TT, Ho DMT. Neuroradiological findings in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system. Acta Radiol 2005; 46:89-96. [PMID: 15841745 DOI: 10.1080/02841850510020987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of atypical teratoid tumor/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system (CNS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty cases of CNS AT/RT have been found over the past 23 years in our hospital; these involving 11 boys and 9 girls whose mean age at diagnosis was 5.5 years. Their clinical data, the CT, and MRI findings were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS AT/RT was located in the cerebellum in 15 cases. Four cases arose from the supratentorial region, while only one occurred primarily in the lumbar spinal cord. Almost all cases revealed heterogeneous intensity and heterogeneous enhancement. Peripheral cystic components were common. Survival time ranged from 2 months to 3 years, with a mean survival of 11.6 months. CONCLUSION Most cases of AT/RT are located in the cerebellum. The radiologic manifestations are non-specific. The diagnosis mainly depends on the pathologic findings. However, AT/RT should still remain in the differential diagnosis of brain tumors in young children, especially those located in the cerebellar hemisphere and with eccentric cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Radiology, I-Lan Hospital, Department of Health, The Executive Yuan, I-Lan, Taiwan, ROC
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Liao SC, Cheng YC, Wang YC, Wang CW, Yang SM, Yu CK, Shieh CC, Cheng KC, Lee MF, Chiang SR, Shieh JM, Chang MS. IL-19 induced Th2 cytokines and was up-regulated in asthma patients. J Immunol 2005; 173:6712-8. [PMID: 15557163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
IL-19 belongs to the IL-10 family, which includes IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (IL-24), and AK155 (IL-26). IL-10 has been shown to inhibit allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation. To determine whether IL-19 was also associated with asthma, we used ELISA to analyze the serum level of IL-19 in patients with asthma and found that their serum IL-19 levels were twice those of healthy controls. Patients with a high level of IL-19 also had high levels of IL-4 and IL-13. In a dust mite-induced murine model of asthma, we found that IL-19 level in asthmatic BALB/cJ mice was also twice that of healthy control mice. IL-19 transcript was also induced in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Electroporation i.m. of the IL-19 gene into healthy mice up-regulated IL-4 and IL-5, but not IL-13. However, IL-19 up-regulated IL-13 in asthmatic mice. In vitro, IL-19 induced IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 production by activated T cells. Activation of T cells was required for induction of IL-13 because IL-19 did not induce IL-13 production on nonstimulated T cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that IL-19 up-regulates Th2 cytokines on activated T cells and might play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chin Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Wang LW, Cheng YC, Tsai SW. Process modeling of the lipase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of (R, S)-suprofen 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl thioester in a hollow-fiber membrane. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2004; 27:39-49. [PMID: 15645310 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-004-0379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2002] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on polypropylene powder was employed as the biocatalyst for the enantioselective hydrolysis of (R, S)-suprofen 2,2,2-trifluorothioester in cyclohexane, in which trioctylamine was added as the catalyst to perform in situ racemization of the remaining (R)-thioester. A hollow-fiber membrane was also integrated with the dynamic kinetic resolution process in order to continuously extract the desired (S)-suprofen into an aqueous solution containing NaOH. A kinetic model for the whole process (operating in batch and feed-batch modes) was developed, in which enzymatic hydrolysis and deactivation, lipase activation, racemization and non-enantioselective hydrolysis of the substrate by trioctylamine, and reactive extraction of (R)- and (S)-suprofen into the aqueous phase in the membrane were considered. Theoretical predictions from the model for the time-course variations of substrate and product concentrations in each phase were compared with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
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Zoulim F, Berthillon P, Guerhier FLE, Seigneres B, Germon S, Pichoud C, Cheng YC, Trepo C. Animal models for the study of HBV infection and the evaluation of new anti-HBV strategies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17 Suppl:S460-3. [PMID: 12534778 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.17.s4.10.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to evaluate the anti-HBV activity of a novel L-nucleoside analog, 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-beta-L-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C), in study models of HBV infection. METHOD Its mechanism of action was evaluated on the in vitro expressed duck HBV (DHBV) reverse transcriptase and in primary hepatocyte cultures of duck and human origin. The capacity of antiviral therapy to clear viral infection was analyzed in vivo in the duck and woodchuck models. RESULTS beta-L-Fd4C-TP exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect on the RT activity of the DHBV polymerase than other cytidine analogs (lamivudine-TP, ddC-TP, beta-L-FddC-TP). In primary duck hepatocyte cultures, beta-L-Fd4C exhibited a long-lasting inhibitory effect on viral DNA synthesis but could not clear viral cccDNA. In vivo treatment with beta-L-Fd4C in infected ducklings and woodchucks, induced a greater suppression of viremia and intrahepatic viral DNA synthesis than with lamivudine. However, covalently closed circular DNA persistence explained the relapse of viral replication after treatment withdrawal. Viral spread was strongly reduced in the case of early therapeutical intervention, but the number of infected cells did not decline when therapy was started during chronic infection. Liver histology analysis showed a decrease in the inflammatory activity of chronic hepatitis while no ultrastructural modification of liver cells was observed in electron microscopy studies. Furthermore, in human primary hepatocyte cultures, beta-L-Fd4C induced a significant inhibition of HBV DNA synthesis. CONCLUSION beta-L-Fd4C is a potent inhibitor of hepadnavirus RT and inhibits viral DNA synthesis in hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. These experimental studies allowed as to show that beta-L-Fd4C is a promising anti-HBV agent. Combination therapy should be evaluated to eradicate viral infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ducks
- Hepadnaviridae Infections/drug therapy
- Hepadnaviridae Infections/physiopathology
- Hepatitis/drug therapy
- Hepatitis/physiopathology
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/drug effects
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/physiology
- Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck/drug effects
- Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck/physiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/physiopathology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Marmota
- RNA, Viral/drug effects
- RNA, Viral/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Virus Replication/drug effects
- Virus Replication/physiology
- Zalcitabine/analogs & derivatives
- Zalcitabine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zoulim
- INSERM U271 and Liver Department, Lyon, France.
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Cheng YC. L-Nucleoside analogues against cancer-causing viruses have potential in the prevention, delayed onset and treatment of viral associated cancers. Antivir Chem Chemother 2002; 12 Suppl 1:5-11. [PMID: 11594688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been established that several types of cancers have a strong association with viruses. Thus, a potent antiviral compound without toxicity upon long-term usage will be useful not only for the treatment of viral diseases but also for the prevention or the delayed onset of those cancers that have a strong association with viruses. These compounds, depending upon their mechanism of action, could also potentially be useful for the treatment of those viral-associated cancers. L(-)Deoxynucleoside analogues were discovered in my laboratory and by others as an important class of antiviral and anti-cancer chemical entities. L(-)SddC (3TC, lamivudine), L(-)FTC, L(-)Fd4C, and L(-)FMAU are compounds with potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV), but with different biological and pharmacological profiles. These compounds may be useful in the prevention or delayed onset of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HBV. L(-)I-OddU is a potent anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) compound without cytotoxicity and animal toxicity upon long-term dosing, which allows drug concentration in plasma that are much higher than those that are antivirally active. This compound may have the potential to prevent B-cell lymphoma associated with patients undergoing organ transplants in addition to its potential use for the treatment of EBV infection. Furthermore, it may also be useful for the treatment of EBV-associated cancers. In this manuscript, the metabolism, mechanism of action and the resistance, as well as the potential use of this class of compounds targetted against HBV, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, USA.
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41
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Chen JT, Chang MH, Chung LL, Cheng YC. Comment on "Eigenmode analysis of arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional cavities by the method of point matching". J Acoust Soc Am 2002; 111:33-36. [PMID: 11831805 DOI: 10.1121/1.1410966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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42
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Liu MC, Luo MZ, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis of halogen-substituted 3-deazaadenosine and 3-deazaguanosine analogues as potential antitumor/antiviral agents. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1975-2000. [PMID: 11794802 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Various 2-halogen-substituted analogues (38, 39, 43 and 44), 3-halogen-substituted analogues (51 and 52), and 2',3'-dihalogen-substituted analogues (57-60) of 3-deazaadenosine and 3-halogen-substituted analogues (61 and 62) of 3-deazaguanosine have been synthesized as potential anticancer and/or antiviral agents. Among these compounds, 3-deaza-3-bromoguanosine (62) showed significant cytotoxicity against L1210, P388, CCRF-CEM and B16F10 cell lines in vitro, producing IC50 values of 3, 7, 9 and 7 microM, respectively. Several 3-deazaadenosine analogues (38, 51, 57 and 59) showed moderate to weak activity against hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Progam, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, USA
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43
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Abstract
The appropriate choice of resolution in fMRI remains an open question. To address this issue, we simulate the signal change between activated and resting states as a function of blood volume fraction (lambda). From these results, the relative contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) from the resting to the activated state can be calculated as a function of resolution. We consider different vessel orientations and note that, in most cases, the most efficient scanning procedure is for low resolution imaging. To overcome this limitation, a T(1) enhancing contrast agent is proposed to increase the signal from the blood and, hence, the intravascular contribution to the BOLD effect. We show that this effect dramatically increases both the signal changes and the efficiency of high-resolution imaging and should lead to much better visualization and localization of parenchymal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7079, USA.
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Chen WK, Cheng YC, Ng KC, Hung JJ, Chuang CM. Were there enough physicians in an emergency department in the affected area after a major earthquake? An analysis of the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 38:556-61. [PMID: 11679868 DOI: 10.1067/mem.2001.119054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate physician manpower and mobilization in an urban emergency department receiving patients after a major earthquake. METHODS Patient charts were reviewed. The workload of physicians was assessed semiquantitatively before and after a major earthquake. The physicians' mobilization in the postearthquake emergency response was assessed by using a confidential questionnaire. RESULTS In the 3 days after the earthquake, 566 patients with earthquake-related illnesses or injuries were sent to the urban ED. Three hundred one (53.2%) patients arrived within the initial 10 hours. In the initial hours, there was no significant difference between the number of patients per physician per hour before and after the earthquake. Workloads of wound treatment and advanced life support procedures were significantly higher after the earthquake compared with before the earthquake, during the first to sixth hour and second to fifth hour, respectively. Sixty-five percent of the hospital's physicians did not assist in either the ED or in any other parts of the hospital in the initial 6 hours after the earthquake. CONCLUSION The number of physicians in the ED was insufficient in the initial hours after the earthquake because of the sudden influx of a large number of patients. Future disaster planning must address the issue of physicians' behavior with regard to their priorities immediately after a major earthquake and include greater provision for efficient mobilization of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Liu MC, Luo MZ, Mozdziesz DE, Lin TS, Dutschman GE, Gullen EA, Cheng YC, Sartorelli AC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of L- and D-configurations of 2',3'-dideoxy-4'-C-methyl-3'-oxacytidine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2301-4. [PMID: 11527719 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel L- and D-configuration 2',3'-dideoxy-4'-C-methyl-3'-oxacytidine and their 5-fluoro analogues have been synthesized from 1-benzyloxy-2-propanone and L-ascorbic acid in eight steps and evaluated for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
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Abstract
We present an analytical form for the density of states for a magnetic dipole in the center of a spherical voxel. This analytic form is then used to evaluate the signal decay as a function of echo time for different volume fractions and susceptibilities. The decay can be considered exponential only in a limited interval of time. Otherwise, it has a quadratic dependence on time for short echo times and an oscillatory decaying behavior for long echo times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, 8706 Manchester Road, Suite 102, Brentwood, MO 63144, USA.
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Cheng YC, Lee CJ, Badge RM, Orme AT, Scotting PJ. Sox8 gene expression identifies immature glial cells in developing cerebellum and cerebellar tumours. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 92:193-200. [PMID: 11483257 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sox8 is a member of the E subgroup of Sox genes, the other members of which are Sox9 and Sox10, both of which are implicated in specific human disorders. Recently, Sox8 homologues have been cloned in chick, mouse and human and have been shown to be strongly expressed in the embryonic and adult brain. Nevertheless, the cell types that express Sox8 have not been determined. We show here that Sox8 is expressed in immature glia in the developing cerebellum. Sox8 is also expressed in scattered cells in the cerebellar tumour, medulloblastoma. This gene therefore provides an early glial marker that may provide more detailed insight into the cellular makeup and consequent behaviour of medulloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cheng
- Nottingham Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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48
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Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis of cleft palate is very important to prenatal consultation and management after birth. To examine if three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound (US) is an accurate diagnostic method for clinical use, we analyzed our experience in detecting cleft palate by 3-D US. From June 1996 to January 2000, 21 fetuses with facial clefts were scanned by 2-D US, as well as by 3-D US. The coronal and oblique planes were reconstructed by 3-D US to detect the cleft palate. In addition, level II US was performed to find any possibly associated anomalies. All the scans were recorded on optic disks for final analysis. In our study, the gestational age when prenatal diagnosis was made by US initially was between 20 and 34 weeks. The accuracy for prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate by 3-D US was 100%, which was superior to that by 2-D US (p < 0.05). In addition, we proposed a novel method to evaluate the cleft palate systemically by 3-D US. In conclusion, from our study, fetuses with cleft lip combined with or without cleft palate can be easily differentiated by 3-D US. The reconstruction of coronal and oblique planes by 3-D US is a powerful tool for detecting cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kojda G, Cheng YC, Burchfield J, Harrison DG. Dysfunctional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in response to exercise in mice lacking one eNOS gene. Circulation 2001; 103:2839-44. [PMID: 11401942 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.23.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous data suggest that 1 endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene is sufficient to allow normal expression and function of eNOS under basal conditions. We hypothesized that this might not hold true for conditions known to increase eNOS gene expression, such as exercise. METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice heterozygous for a disruption of the eNOS gene (eNOS(+/)(-)) and normal C56Bl/6J mice (eNOS(+/+)), 3 to 4 months of age, underwent exercise training for 3 weeks. Nontrained mice were exposed to the exercise environment (noise and vibration of the treadmill) without exercise for an identical period. In eNOS(+/+) mice (n=7), exercise increased aortic eNOS protein expression by 3.4+/-0.4-fold (P<0.002). This was associated with a greater vascular cGMP accumulation on stimulation with acetylcholine (P<0.05). Furthermore, exercise training increased eNOS mRNA (1.78+/-0.4-fold) and protein (1.76+/-0.17-fold) in left ventricular tissue, as determined by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western analysis (P<0.05 for both). In striking contrast, exercise had no effect on aortic eNOS expression and cGMP accumulation in eNOS(+/)(-) mice (P>0.05). Thus, although eNOS expression appears to be normal in eNOS(+/)(-) mice under basal conditions, these mice are unable to increase eNOS expression during exercise. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that regulation of eNOS expression during exercise requires the presence of both alleles of the gene and may have implications for conditions in which polymorphisms of eNOS are present in only 1 allele in humans. These individuals may have a normal vascular reactivity under basal conditions but may be unable to adapt their vascular reactivity in response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kojda
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Le Guerhier F, Pichoud C, Jamard C, Guerret S, Chevallier M, Peyrol S, Hantz O, King I, Trépo C, Cheng YC, Zoulim F. Antiviral activity of beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-5-fluorocytidine in woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1065-77. [PMID: 11257017 PMCID: PMC90426 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.4.1065-1077.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-nucleoside analog beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-Fd4C) was first shown to exhibit potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in tissue culture and then to significantly inhibit viral spread during acute infection in the duck HBV model (F. Le Guerhier et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:111-122, 2000). We have therefore examined its antiviral activity in a mammalian model of chronic HBV infection, the woodchuck chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). Side-by-side comparison of beta-L-Fd4C and lamivudine administered intraperitoneally during short-term and long-term protocols demonstrated a more profound inhibition of viremia in beta-L-Fd4C-treated groups. Moreover, beta-L-Fd4C induced a marked inhibition of intrahepatic viral DNA synthesis compared with that induced by lamivudine. Nevertheless, covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA persistence explained the lack of clearance of infected hepatocytes expressing viral antigens and the relapse of WHV replication after drug withdrawal. Liver histology showed a decrease in the inflammatory activity of chronic hepatitis in woodchucks receiving beta-L-Fd4C. An electron microscopy study showed the absence of ultrastructural changes of hepatic mitochondria, biliary canaliculi, and bile ducts. However, a loss of weight was observed in all animals, whatever the treatment, as was a transient skin pigmentation in all woodchucks during beta-L-Fd4C treatment. There was no evidence that lamivudine or beta-L-Fd4C could prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma with the protocols used. These results indicate that beta-L-Fd4C exhibits a more potent antiviral effect than lamivudine in the WHV model but was not able to eradicate CCC DNA and infected cells from the liver at the dosage and with the protocol used.
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