1
|
Beresford TP, Ronan PJ, Taub J, Learned B, Mi Z, Anderson M. Working Toward a Gold Standard: The Severity of Ethanol Withdrawal Scale (SEWS) Versus the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Alcohol Scale (CIWA-Ar). Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:324-328. [PMID: 36935201 PMCID: PMC10168711 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Proving the Severity of Ethanol Withdrawal Scale (SEWS) significantly reduces Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) treatment Time on Medication Protocol (TOMP). METHOD Head-to-head Quality Assurance outcome compared separate cohorts of SEWS or Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-Ar) data using Student's t and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS SEWS-driven treatment (n = 244) reduced TOMP to 2.2 days versus 3.4 days for CIWA-Ar (n = 137); P < 0.0001. CONCLUSION The SEWS is the superior measure of AWS symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Beresford
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research in Psychiatry, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Patrick J Ronan
- Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Basic Biomedical Research, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA
| | - Julie Taub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brenda Learned
- VHA Office of Community Care - Revenue, VISN 19: Rocky Mountain Network
| | - Zhibao Mi
- Cooperative Studies Program, Perry Point VA Medical Center, Perry Point, MD 21902, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mel Anderson
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research in Psychiatry, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kougias P, Mi Z, Zhan M, Carson JL, Dosluoglu H, Nelson P, Sarosi GA, Arya S, Norman LE, Sharath S, Scrymgeour A, Ollison J, Calais LA, Biswas K. Transfusion trigger after operations in high cardiac risk patients (TOP) trial protocol. Protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled transfusion strategy trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 126:107095. [PMID: 36690072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is substantial uncertainty regarding the effects of restrictive postoperative transfusion among patients who have underlying cardiovascular disease. The TOP Trial's objective is to compare adverse outcomes between liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies in patients undergoing vascular and general surgery operations, and with a high risk of postoperative cardiac events. METHODS A two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled superiority trial will be used across 15 Veterans Affairs hospitals with expected enrollment of 1520 participants. Postoperative transfusions in the liberal arm commence when Hb is <10 g/ dL and continue until Hb is greater than or equal to 10 g/dL. In the restrictive arm, transfusions begin when Hb is <7 g/dL and continue until Hb is greater than or equal to 7 g/dL. Study duration is estimated to be 5 years including a 3-month start-up period and 4 years of recruitment. Each randomized participant will be followed for 90 days after randomization with a mortality assessment at 1 year. RESULTS The primary outcome is a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization, acute renal failure, or stroke occurring up to 90-days after randomization. Events rates will be compared between restrictive and liberal transfusion groups. CONCLUSIONS The TOP Trial is uniquely positioned to provide high quality evidence comparing transfusion strategies among patients with high cardiac risk. Results will clarify the effect of postoperative transfusion strategies on adverse outcomes and inform postoperative management algorithms. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03229941.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panos Kougias
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States of America.
| | - Zhibao Mi
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, MD, United States of America
| | - Min Zhan
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Hasan Dosluoglu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, SUNY at Buffalo/VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter Nelson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States of America
| | - George A Sarosi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, General Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Shipra Arya
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Vascular Section, Surgery Service Line, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - L Erin Norman
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, MD, United States of America
| | - Sherene Sharath
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Scrymgeour
- Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Jade Ollison
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A Calais
- Cooperative Studies Program Site Monitoring, Auditing, and Resource Team (SMART), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Kousick Biswas
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nickols NG, Mi Z, DeMatt E, Biswas K, Clise CE, Huggins JT, Maraka S, Ambrogini E, Mirsaeidi MS, Levin ER, Becker DJ, Makarov DV, Adorno Febles V, Belligund PM, Al-Ajam M, Muthiah MP, Montgomery RB, Robinson KW, Wong YN, Bedimo RJ, Villareal RC, Aguayo SM, Schoen MW, Goetz MB, Graber CJ, Bhattacharya D, Soo Hoo G, Orshansky G, Norman LE, Tran S, Ghayouri L, Tsai S, Geelhoed M, Rettig MB. Effect of Androgen Suppression on Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Men With COVID-19: The HITCH Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e227852. [PMID: 35438754 PMCID: PMC9020208 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 entry requires the TMPRSS2 cell surface protease. Antiandrogen therapies reduce expression of TMPRSS2. OBJECTIVE To determine if temporary androgen suppression induced by degarelix improves clinical outcomes of inpatients hospitalized with COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Hormonal Intervention for the Treatment in Veterans With COVID-19 Requiring Hospitalization (HITCH) phase 2, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial compared efficacy of degarelix plus standard care vs placebo plus standard care on clinical outcomes in men hospitalized with COVID-19 but not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Inpatients were enrolled at 14 Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals from July 22, 2020, to April 8, 2021. Data were analyzed from August 9 to October 15, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients stratified by age, history of hypertension, and disease severity were centrally randomized 2:1 to degarelix, (1-time subcutaneous dose of 240 mg) or a saline placebo. Standard care included but was not limited to supplemental oxygen, antibiotics, vasopressor support, peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, intravenous fluids, remdesivir, convalescent plasma, and dexamethasone. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The composite primary end point was mortality, ongoing need for hospitalization, or requirement for mechanical ventilation at day 15 after randomization. Secondary end points were time to clinical improvement, inpatient mortality, length of hospitalization, duration of mechanical ventilation, time to achieve a temperature within reference range, maximum severity of COVID-19, and the composite end point at 30 days. RESULTS The trial was stopped for futility after the planned interim analysis, at which time there were 96 evaluable patients, including 62 patients randomized to the degarelix group and 34 patients in the placebo group, out of 198 initially planned. The median (range) age was 70.5 (48-85) years. Common comorbidities included chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (15 patients [15.6%]), hypertension (75 patients [78.1%]), cardiovascular disease (27 patients [28.1%]), asthma (12 patients [12.5%]), diabetes (49 patients [51.0%]), and chronic respiratory failure requiring supplemental oxygen at baseline prior to COVID-19 (9 patients [9.4%]). For the primary end point, there was no significant difference between the degarelix and placebo groups (19 patients [30.6%] vs 9 patients [26.5%]; P = .67). Similarly, no differences were observed between degarelix and placebo groups in any secondary end points, including inpatient mortality (11 patients [17.7%] vs 6 patients [17.6%]) or all-cause mortality (11 patients [17.7%] vs 7 patents [20.6%]). There were no differences between degarelix and placebo groups in the overall rates of adverse events (13 patients [21.0%] vs 8 patients [23.5%) and serious adverse events (19 patients [30.6%] vs 13 patients [32.4%]), nor unexpected safety concerns. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial of androgen suppression vs placebo and usual care for men hospitalized with COVID-19, degarelix did not result in amelioration of COVID-19 severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04397718.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Nickols
- Radiation Oncology Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Zhibao Mi
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, Maryland
| | - Ellen DeMatt
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, Maryland
| | - Kousick Biswas
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, Maryland
| | - Christina E Clise
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - John T Huggins
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Spyridoula Maraka
- Medicine Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Elena Ambrogini
- Medicine Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Mehdi S Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Long Beach VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
| | - Daniel J Becker
- Division of Hematology and Oncology VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Danil V Makarov
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Victor Adorno Febles
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Muthiah P Muthiah
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Robert B Montgomery
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kyle W Robinson
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Yu-Ning Wong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Roger J Bedimo
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Samuel M Aguayo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Martin W Schoen
- John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew B Goetz
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Christopher J Graber
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Debika Bhattacharya
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Guy Soo Hoo
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Greg Orshansky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Clinical Informatics, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leslie E Norman
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, Maryland
| | - Samantha Tran
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leila Ghayouri
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sonny Tsai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michelle Geelhoed
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mathew B Rettig
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, University of California, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nickols NG, Goetz MB, Graber CJ, Bhattacharya D, Soo Hoo G, Might M, Goldstein DB, Wang X, Ramoni R, Myrie K, Tran S, Ghayouri L, Tsai S, Geelhoed M, Makarov D, Becker DJ, Tsay JC, Diamond M, George A, Al-Ajam M, Belligund P, Montgomery RB, Mostaghel EA, Sulpizio C, Mi Z, Dematt E, Tadalan J, Norman LE, Briones D, Clise CE, Taylor ZW, Huminik JR, Biswas K, Rettig MB. Hormonal intervention for the treatment of veterans with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization (HITCH): a multicenter, phase 2 randomized controlled trial of best supportive care vs best supportive care plus degarelix: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:431. [PMID: 34225789 PMCID: PMC8256647 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic targeting of host-cell factors required for SARS-CoV-2 entry is an alternative strategy to ameliorate COVID-19 severity. SARS-CoV-2 entry into lung epithelium requires the TMPRSS2 cell surface protease. Pre-clinical and correlative data in humans suggest that anti-androgenic therapies can reduce the expression of TMPRSS2 on lung epithelium. Accordingly, we hypothesize that therapeutic targeting of androgen receptor signaling via degarelix, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist, will suppress COVID-19 infection and ameliorate symptom severity. Methods This is a randomized phase 2, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial in 198 patients to compare efficacy of degarelix plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care on improving the clinical outcomes of male Veterans who have been hospitalized due to COVID-19. Enrolled patients must have documented infection with SARS-CoV-2 based on a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction result performed on a nasopharyngeal swab and have a severity of illness of level 3–5 (hospitalized but not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation). Patients stratified by age, history of hypertension, and severity are centrally randomized 2:1 (degarelix: placebo). The composite primary endpoint is mortality, ongoing need for hospitalization, or requirement for mechanical ventilation at 15 after randomization. Important secondary endpoints include time to clinical improvement, inpatient mortality, length of hospitalization, duration of mechanical ventilation, time to achieve a normal temperature, and the maximum severity of COVID-19 illness. Exploratory analyses aim to assess the association of cytokines, viral load, and various comorbidities with outcome. In addition, TMPRSS2 expression in target tissue and development of anti-viral antibodies will also be investigated. Discussion In this trial, we repurpose the FDA approved LHRH antagonist degarelix, commonly used for prostate cancer, to suppress TMPRSS2, a host cell surface protease required for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. The objective is to determine if temporary androgen suppression with a single dose of degarelix improves the clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04397718. Registered on May 21, 2020
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Nickols
- Radiation Oncology Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Matthew B Goetz
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Christopher J Graber
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Debika Bhattacharya
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Guy Soo Hoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Matthew Might
- Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Ramoni
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Kenute Myrie
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Samantha Tran
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Leila Ghayouri
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Sonny Tsai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Michelle Geelhoed
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Danil Makarov
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
| | - Daniel J Becker
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jun-Chieh Tsay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Diamond
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
| | - Asha George
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
| | - Mohammad Al-Ajam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
| | - Pooja Belligund
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
| | - R Bruce Montgomery
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, USA
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Care (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Carlie Sulpizio
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, USA
| | - Zhibao Mi
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Point, Perry, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Dematt
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Point, Perry, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Tadalan
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Point, Perry, MD, USA
| | - Leslie E Norman
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Point, Perry, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Briones
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Point, Perry, MD, USA
| | - Christina E Clise
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Point, Perry, MD, USA
| | - Zachary W Taylor
- VA Cooperative Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Huminik
- VA Cooperative Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kousick Biswas
- VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Point, Perry, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Rettig
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mi Z, Sun Z, Huang Z, Zhao P, Li Q, Tian P. Engineering CRISPR interference system to enhance the production of pyrroloquinoline quinone in Klebsiella pneumonia. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:242-250. [PMID: 32394472 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a cofactor of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and thus participates in glucose utilization. In Klebsiella pneumoniae, glucose utilization involves PQQ-dependent direct oxidation pathway (DOP) and phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent transport system (PTS). It is challenging to overproduce PQQ, as its biosynthesis remains unclear. Here, we report that PQQ production can be enhanced by stimulating the metabolic demand for it. First, we developed CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system to block PTS and thereby intensify DOP. In shake-flask cultivation, the strain with CRISPRi system (simultaneously inhibiting four PTS-related genes) produced 225·65 nmol l-1 PQQ, which was 2·14 times that of wild type. In parallel, an exogenous soluble glucose dehydrogenase (sGDH) was overexpressed in K. pneumoniae. In the shake-flask cultivation, this sGDH-overexpressing strain accumulated 140·05 nmol l-1 PQQ, which was 1·33 times that of wild type. To combine the above two strategies, we engineered a strain harbouring both CRISPRi vector and sGDH-overexpressing vector. In the shake-flask cultivation, this two-plasmid strain generated 287·01 nmol l-1 PQQ, which was 2·72 times that of wild type. In bioreactor cultivation, this two-plasmid strain produced 2206·1 nmol l-1 PQQ in 57 h, which was 7·69 times that in shake-flask cultivation. These results indicate that PQQ production can be enhanced by intensifying DOP, as the apo-enzyme GDH is intrinsically coupled with cofactor PQQ. This study provides a strategy for the production of cofactors whose biosynthesis mechanisms remain ambiguous. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is an economically important chemical, which typically serves as a cofactor of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and thus participates in glucose metabolism. Klebsiella pneumoniae can naturally synthesize PQQ, but current yield constrains its commercialization. In this study, the PQQ level was improved by stimulating metabolic demand for PQQ, instead of overexpressing PQQ synthetic genes, as the synthetic mechanism remains ambiguous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - P Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Q Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - P Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pandey A, Shin WJ, Liu X, Mi Z. Effect of electron blocking layer on the efficiency of AlGaN mid-ultraviolet light emitting diodes. Opt Express 2019; 27:A738-A745. [PMID: 31252850 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.00a738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The performance of AlGaN-based mid and deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) is severely limited by electron overflow and by the poor hole injection into the device active region. We have studied the effect of various electron blocking layers on the performance of AlGaN LEDs operating at ~280 nm. It is observed that, compared to conventional p-type electron blocking layer, the incorporation of an n-type AlN/AlGaN superlattice electron blocking layer before the active region can significantly improve the device performance by reducing electron overflow without compromising hole injection. Direct on-wafer measurement showed an external quantum efficiency ~4.4% and wall-plug efficiency ~2.8% by optimizing the design of n-type AlN/AlGaN superlattice electron blocking layer, which is nearly a factor of five to ten times better than identical devices but with the incorporation of a conventional p-type electron blocking layer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sadaf SM, Ra YH, Zhao S, Szkopek T, Mi Z. Structural and electrical characterization of monolithic core-double shell n-GaN/Al/p-AlGaN nanowire heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Nanoscale 2019; 11:3888-3895. [PMID: 30758042 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00081j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the epitaxy and structural characterization of monolithic n-GaN/Al/p-AlGaN nanowire heterostructures. It is found that high quality, nearly defect free, full shell epitaxial Al can be grown in situ on Al(Ga)N nanowires and vice versa. Detailed scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) suggest that the Al (111) plane maintains an epitaxial relationship with Al(Ga)N (0001) in the nanowire growth direction. Full ultraviolet composition range (340 nm-210 nm) Al/Al(Ga)N core-double shell nanowire backward diode characteristics were investigated. We have demonstrated a monolithic n++-GaN/Al/p++-Al(Ga)N nanowire backward diode, wherein an epitaxial Al layer serves as the tunnel junction. Such an Al(Ga)N-based n-p-n nanowire backward diode exhibits record low resistivity (<1.5 × 10-4Ω cm2) and a low turn-on voltage of ∼2.7 V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Sadaf
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Y-H Ra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada and Optic & Electronic Component Material Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, 101 Soho-ro, Jinju, 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - T Szkopek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Le BH, Liu X, Tran NH, Zhao S, Mi Z. An electrically injected AlGaN nanowire defect-free photonic crystal ultraviolet laser. Opt Express 2019; 27:5843-5850. [PMID: 30876179 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.005843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the demonstration of an electrically injected AlGaN nanowire photonic crystal laser that can operate in the ultraviolet spectral range. The nanowire heterostructures were grown on sapphire substrate using a site-controlled selective area growth process. By exploiting the topological high-Q resonance of a defect-free nanowire photonic crystal, we have demonstrated electrically pumped lasers that can operate at 369.5 nm with a relatively low threshold current density of ~2.1 kA/cm2 under continuous wave operation at room-temperature. This work provides a promising approach for achieving low threshold semiconductor laser diodes operating in the UV spectral range that were previously difficult.
Collapse
|
9
|
Meuret S, Solà Garcia M, Coenen T, Kieft E, Zeijlemaker H, Lätzel M, Christiansen S, Woo SY, Ra YH, Mi Z, Polman A. Complementary cathodoluminescence lifetime imaging configurations in a scanning electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 197:28-38. [PMID: 30476703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy provides a powerful way to characterize optical properties of materials with deep-subwavelength spatial resolution. While CL imaging to obtain optical spectra is a well-developed technology, imaging CL lifetimes with nanoscale resolution has only been explored in a few studies. In this paper we compare three different time-resolved CL techniques and compare their characteristics. Two configurations are based on the acquisition of CL decay traces using a pulsed electron beam that is generated either with an ultra-fast beam blanker, which is placed in the electron column, or by photoemission from a laser-driven electron cathode. The third configuration uses measurements of the autocorrelation function g(2) of the CL signal using either a continuous or a pulsed electron beam. The three techniques are compared in terms of complexity of implementation, spatial and temporal resolution, and measurement accuracy as a function of electron dose. A single sample of InGaN/GaN quantum wells is investigated to enable a direct comparison of lifetime measurement characteristics of the three techniques. The g(2)-based method provides decay measurements at the best spatial resolution, as it leaves the electron column configuration unaffected. The pulsed-beam methods provide better detail on the temporal excitation and decay dynamics. The ultra-fast blanker configuration delivers electron pulses as short as 30 ps at 5 keV and 250 ps at 30 keV. The repetition rate can be chosen arbitrarily up to 80 MHz and requires a conjugate plane geometry in the electron column that reduces the spatial resolution in our microscope. The photoemission configuration, pumped with 250 fs 257 nm pulses at a repetition rate from 10 kHz to 25 MHz, allows creation of electron pulses down to a few ps, with some loss in spatial resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Meuret
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Solà Garcia
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Coenen
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Delmic BV, Kanaalweg 4, 2628 EB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - E Kieft
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H Zeijlemaker
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Lätzel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Christiansen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Y Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Y H Ra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - A Polman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yesavage JA, Fairchild JK, Mi Z, Biswas K, Davis-Karim A, Phibbs CS, Forman SD, Thase M, Williams LM, Etkin A, O’Hara R, Georgette G, Beale T, Huang GD, Noda A, George MS. Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Treatment-Resistant Major Depression in US Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:884-893. [PMID: 29955803 PMCID: PMC6142912 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Treatment-resistant major depression (TRMD) in veterans is a major clinical challenge given the high risk for suicidality in these patients. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers the potential for a novel treatment modality for these veterans. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of TRMD in veterans. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A double-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016, in 9 Veterans Affairs medical centers. A total of 164 veterans with TRD participated. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to either left prefrontal rTMS treatment (10 Hz, 120% motor threshold, 4000 pulses/session) or to sham (control) rTMS treatment for up to 30 treatment sessions. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary dependent measure of the intention-to-treat analysis was remission rate (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score ≤10, indicating that depression is in remission and not a clinically significant burden), and secondary analyses were conducted on other indices of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, hopelessness, suicidality, and quality of life. RESULTS The 164 participants had a mean (SD) age of 55.2 (12.4) years, 132 (80.5%) were men, and 126 (76.8%) were of white race. Of these, 81 were randomized to receive active rTMS and 83 to receive sham. For the primary analysis of remission, there was no significant effect of treatment (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.59-2.26; P = .67). At the end of the acute treatment phase, 33 of 81 (40.7%) of those in the active treatment group achieved remission of depressive symptoms compared with 31 of 83 (37.4%) of those in the sham treatment group. Overall, 64 of 164 (39.0%) of the participants achieved remission. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A total of 39.0% of the veterans who participated in this trial experienced clinically significant improvement resulting in remission of depressive symptoms; however, there was no evidence of difference in remission rates between the active and sham treatments. These findings may reflect the importance of close clinical surveillance, rigorous monitoring of concomitant medication, and regular interaction with clinic staff in bringing about significant improvement in this treatment-resistant population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01191333.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome A. Yesavage
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research Educational and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, California,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - J. Kaci Fairchild
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research Educational and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, California,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zhibao Mi
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, Maryland
| | - Kousick Biswas
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, Maryland
| | - Anne Davis-Karim
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ciaran S. Phibbs
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Economics Resource Center and Center for Implementation to Innovation, Palo Alto, California,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Steven D. Forman
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Thase
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leanne M. Williams
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research Educational and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, California,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research Educational and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, California,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ruth O’Hara
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research Educational and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, California,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gerald Georgette
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research Educational and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Tamara Beale
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research Educational and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - Grant D. Huang
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Central Office, Washington, DC
| | - Art Noda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mark S. George
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina,Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Z, Mi Z, Wang H, Sun L, Yu G, Fu X, Wang C, Bao F, Yue Z, Zhao Q, Wang N, Cheng X, Liu H, Zhang F. Discovery of 4 exonic and 1 intergenic novel susceptibility loci for leprosy. Clin Genet 2018; 94:259-263. [PMID: 29722023 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seven new risk coding variants have been identified through an exome-wide association study (EWAS), which studied the contributions of protein-coding variants to leprosy susceptibility. But some potential susceptibility loci were not studied in the previous EWAS study because of the project consideration. Seventeen unstudied potential susceptibility loci of the previous EWAS were validated in 3169 cases and 9814 controls in this study. Four disease-associated exonic loci were identified: rs671 in ALDH2 (P = 2.0 × 10-20 , odds ratio [OR] = 1.35), rs13259978 in SLC7A2 (P = 1.74 × 10-8 , OR = 1.28), rs925368 in GIT2 (P = 9.18 × 10-17 , OR = 1.44), and rs75680863 in TCN2 (P = 8.37 × 10-21 , OR = 0.74). Potentially implicating ZFP36L1 as a new susceptibility gene, 1 intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1465788 (P = 7.81 × 10-6 , OR = 0.88), was also suggested to be associated with leprosy. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the rs1465788 risk allele notably decreased the transcription activity of the flanking sequence. These findings suggest the possible involvement of lipid metabolism, NF-κB homeostasis and macrophage antimicrobial pathways in leprosy pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Z Mi
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - H Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - L Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - G Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - X Fu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - C Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - F Bao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Z Yue
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Q Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - N Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - H Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - F Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine and Life Science, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,National Clinical Key Project of Dermatology and Venereology, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mi Z, Biswas K, Fairchild JK, Davis-Karim A, Phibbs CS, Forman SD, Thase M, Georgette G, Beale T, Pittman D, McNerney MW, Rosen A, Huang GD, George M, Noda A, Yesavage JA. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant major depression (TRMD) Veteran patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:409. [PMID: 28865495 PMCID: PMC5581925 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant major depression (TRMD) in Veterans offers unique clinical trial challenges. Here we describe a randomized, double-blinded, intent-to-treat, two-arm, superiority parallel design, a multicenter study funded by the Cooperative Studies Program (CSP No. 556) of the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Methods We recruited medical providers with clinical expertise in treating TRMD at nine Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers as the trial local investigators. We plan to enroll 360 Veterans diagnosed with TRMD at the nine VA medical centers over a 3-year period. We will randomize participants into a double-blinded clinical trial to left prefrontal rTMS treatment or to sham (control) rTMS treatment (180 participants each group) for up to 30 treatment sessions. All participants will meet Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4thedition (DSM-IV) criteria for major depression and will have failed at least two prior pharmacological interventions. In contrast with other rTMS clinical trials, we will not exclude Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or history of substance abuse and we will obtain detailed history regarding these disorders. Furthermore, we will maintain participants on stable anti-depressant medication throughout the trial. We will evaluate all participants on a wide variety of potential predictors of treatment response including cognitive, psychological and functional parameters. Discussion The primary dependent measure will be remission rate (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD24) ≤ 10), and secondary analyses will be conducted on other indices. Comparisons between the rTMS and the sham groups will be made at the end of the acute treatment phase to test the primary hypothesis. The unique challenges to performing such a large technically challenging clinical trial with Veterans and potential avenues for improvement of the design in future trials will be described. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01191333. Registered on 26 August 2010. This report is based on the protocol version 4.6 amended in February 2016. All items from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set are listed in Appendix A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2125-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibao Mi
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, MD, USA
| | - Kousick Biswas
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Perry Point, MD, USA
| | - J Kaci Fairchild
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, and WRIISC, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Davis-Karim
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ciaran S Phibbs
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, and WRIISC, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven D Forman
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Thase
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald Georgette
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, and WRIISC, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Beale
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, and WRIISC, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David Pittman
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Margaret Windy McNerney
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, and WRIISC, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allyson Rosen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, and WRIISC, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Grant D Huang
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cooperative Studies Program Central Office, Washington DC, USA
| | - Mark George
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Brain Stimulation Laboratory (BSL), Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Art Noda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jerome A Yesavage
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Sierra-Pacific MIRECC, and WRIISC, Palo Alto, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,VISN21 MIRECC, Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sadaf SM, Zhao S, Wu Y, Ra YH, Liu X, Vanka S, Mi Z. An AlGaN Core-Shell Tunnel Junction Nanowire Light-Emitting Diode Operating in the Ultraviolet-C Band. Nano Lett 2017; 17:1212-1218. [PMID: 28081598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the deep ultraviolet (UV) spectral range exhibit very low efficiency due to the presence of large densities of defects and extremely inefficient p-type conduction of conventional AlGaN quantum well heterostructures. We have demonstrated that such critical issues can be potentially addressed by using nearly defect-free AlGaN tunnel junction core-shell nanowire heterostructures. The core-shell nanowire arrays exhibit high photoluminescence efficiency (∼80%) in the UV-C band at room temperature. With the incorporation of an epitaxial Al tunnel junction, the p-(Al)GaN contact-free nanowire deep UV LEDs showed nearly one order of magnitude reduction in the device resistance, compared to the conventional nanowire p-i-n device. The unpackaged Al tunnel junction deep UV LEDs exhibit an output power >8 mW and a peak external quantum efficiency ∼0.4%, which are nearly one to two orders of magnitude higher than previously reported AlGaN nanowire devices. Detailed studies further suggest that the maximum achievable efficiency is limited by electron overflow and poor light extraction efficiency due to the TM polarized emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Sadaf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Y-H Ra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - X Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Vanka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Hormonal therapy to brain-dead potential organ donors remains controversial. A retrospective study was carried out of hormonal therapy on procurement of organs in 63,593 donors in whom information on T3/T4 therapy was available. In 40,124 donors, T3/T4 and all other hormonal therapy was recorded. The percentages of all organs procured, except livers, were greater in T3/T4-treated donors. Nevertheless, if T3/T4 therapy had been administered to the donor, liver transplantation was associated with significantly increased graft and recipient survival at 1 month and 12 months. The potential reasons for the lack of effect of T3/T4 therapy on the number of livers procured are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Novitzky
- a Formerly Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Zhibao Mi
- b Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Medical Center , Perry Point , MD , USA
| | - Luis A Videla
- c Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Joseph F Collins
- b Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Medical Center , Perry Point , MD , USA
| | - David K C Cooper
- d Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novitzky D, Mi Z, Videla LA, Collins JF, Cooper DKC. Hormone resuscitation therapy for brain-dead donors - is insulin beneficial or detrimental? Clin Transplant 2016; 30:754-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Novitzky
- Formerly Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery; University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - Zhibao Mi
- Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center; VA Medical Center; Perry Point MD USA
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Joseph F. Collins
- Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center; VA Medical Center; Perry Point MD USA
| | - David K. C. Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
We have demonstrated for the first time an n(++)-GaN/Al/p(++)-GaN backward diode, wherein an epitaxial Al layer serves as the tunnel junction. The resulting p-contact free InGaN/GaN nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibited a low turn-on voltage (∼2.9 V), reduced resistance, and enhanced power, compared to nanowire LEDs without the use of Al tunnel junction or with the incorporation of an n(++)-GaN/p(++)-GaN tunnel junction. This unique Al tunnel junction overcomes some of the critical issues related to conventional GaN-based tunnel junction designs, including stress relaxation, wide depletion region, and light absorption, and holds tremendous promise for realizing low-resistivity, high-brightness III-nitride nanowire LEDs in the visible and deep ultraviolet spectral range. Moreover, the demonstration of monolithic integration of metal and semiconductor nanowire heterojunctions provides a seamless platform for realizing a broad range of multifunctional nanoscale electronic and photonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Sadaf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Y H Ra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - T Szkopek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao S, Woo SY, Bugnet M, Liu X, Kang J, Botton GA, Mi Z. Three-Dimensional Quantum Confinement of Charge Carriers in Self-Organized AlGaN Nanowires: A Viable Route to Electrically Injected Deep Ultraviolet Lasers. Nano Lett 2015; 15:7801-7. [PMID: 26539880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the molecular beam epitaxial growth and structural characterization of self-organized AlGaN nanowire arrays on Si substrate with high luminescence efficiency emission in the deep ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range. It is found that, with increasing Al concentration, atomic-scale compositional modulations can be realized, leading to three-dimensional quantum confinement of charge carriers. By further exploiting the Anderson localization of light, we have demonstrated, for the first time, electrically injected AlGaN lasers in the deep UV band operating at room temperature. The laser operates at ∼289 nm and exhibits a threshold of 300 A/cm(2), which is significantly smaller compared to the previously reported electrically injected AlGaN multiple quantum well lasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Y Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - M Bugnet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - X Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - J Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - G A Botton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
AlOtaibi B, Fan S, Vanka S, Kibria MG, Mi Z. A Metal-Nitride Nanowire Dual-Photoelectrode Device for Unassisted Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion under Parallel Illumination. Nano Lett 2015; 15:6821-6828. [PMID: 26360182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A dual-photoelectrode device, consisting of a photoanode and photocathode with complementary energy bandgaps, has long been perceived as an ideal scheme for achieving high efficiency, unassisted solar-driven water splitting. Previously reported 2-photon tandem devices, however, generally exhibit an extremely low efficiency (<0.1%), which has been largely limited by the incompatibility between the two photoelectrode materials. Here we show that the use of metal-nitride nanowire photoelectrodes, together with the scheme of parallel illumination by splitting the solar spectrum spatially and spectrally, can break the efficiency bottleneck of conventional 2-photon tandem devices. We have first investigated a dual-photoelectrode device consisting of a GaN nanowire photoanode and an InGaN nanowire photocathode, which exhibited an open circuit potential of 1.3 V and nearly 20-fold enhancement in the power conversion efficiency under visible light illumination (400-600 nm), compared to the individual photoelectrodes in 1 mol/L HBr. We have further demonstrated a dual-photoelectrode device consisting of parallel-connected metal-nitride nanowire photoanodes and a Si/InGaN nanowire photocathode, which can perform unassisted, direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion. A power conversion efficiency of 2% was measured under AM1.5G 1 sun illumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B AlOtaibi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Vanka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - M G Kibria
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The current LED lighting technology relies on the use of a driver to convert alternating current (AC) to low-voltage direct current (DC) power, a resistive p-GaN contact layer to inject positive charge carriers (holes) for blue light emission, and rare-earth doped phosphors to down-convert blue photons into green/red light, which have been identified as some of the major factors limiting the device efficiency, light quality, and cost. Here, we show that multiple-active region phosphor-free InGaN nanowire white LEDs connected through a polarization engineered tunnel junction can fundamentally address the afore-described challenges. Such a p-GaN contact-free LED offers the benefit of carrier regeneration, leading to enhanced light intensity and reduced efficiency droop. Moreover, through the monolithic integration of p-GaN up and p-GaN down nanowire LED structures on the same substrate, we have demonstrated, for the first time, AC operated LEDs on a Si platform, which can operate efficiently in both polarities (positive and negative) of applied voltage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Sadaf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Y-H Ra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - H P T Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - M Djavid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao S, Djavid M, Mi Z. Surface Emitting, High Efficiency Near-Vacuum Ultraviolet Light Source with Aluminum Nitride Nanowires Monolithically Grown on Silicon. Nano Lett 2015; 15:7006-7009. [PMID: 26375576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To date, it has remained challenging to realize electrically injected light sources in the vacuum ultraviolet wavelength range (∼200 nm or shorter), which are important for a broad range of applications, including sensing, surface treatment, and photochemical analysis. In this Letter, we have demonstrated such a light source with molecular beam epitaxially grown aluminum nitride (AlN) nanowires on low cost, large area Si substrate. Detailed angle dependent electroluminescence studies suggest that, albeit the light is TM polarized, the dominant light emission direction is from the nanowire top surface, that is, along the c axis, due to the strong light scattering effect. Such an efficient surface emitting device was not previously possible using conventional c-plane AlN planar structures. The AlN nanowire LEDs exhibit an extremely large electrical efficiency (>85%), which is nearly ten times higher than the previously reported AlN planar devices. Our detailed studies further suggest that the performance of AlN nanowire LEDs is predominantly limited by electron overflow. This study provides important insight on the fundamental emission characteristics of AlN nanowire LEDs and also offers a viable path to realize an efficient surface emitting near-vacuum ultraviolet light source through direct electrical injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - M Djavid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal H3A 0E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kibria MG, Chowdhury FA, Trudeau ML, Guo H, Mi Z. Dye-sensitized InGaN nanowire arrays for efficient hydrogen production under visible light irradiation. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:285401. [PMID: 26120103 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/28/285401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Solar water splitting is a key sustainable energy technology for clean, storable and renewable source of energy in the future. Here we report that Merocyanine-540 dye-sensitized and Rh nanoparticle-decorated molecular beam epitaxially grown In0.25Ga0.75N nanowire arrays have produced hydrogen from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and acetonitrile mixture solution under green, yellow and orange solar spectra (up to 610 nm) for the first time. An apparent quantum efficiency of 0.3% is demonstrated for wavelengths 525-600 nm, providing a viable approach to harness deep-visible and near-infrared solar energy for efficient and stable water splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Kibria
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Québec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Novitzky D, Mi Z, Collins JF, Cooper DKC. Increased Procurement of Thoracic Donor Organs After Thyroid Hormone Therapy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 27:123-32. [PMID: 26686437 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal therapy to the brain-dead organ donor can include thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine [T3] or levothyroxine [T4]), antidiuretic hormone, corticosteroids, or insulin. There has been a controversy on whether thyroid hormone enables more organs to be procured. Data on 63,593 donors of hearts and lungs (2000-2009) were retrospectively reviewed. Documentation on T3/T4 was available in all donors (study 1), and in 40,124 details of all 4 hormones were recorded (study 2). In this cohort, group A (23,022) received T3/T4 and group B (17,102) no T3/T4. Univariate analyses and multiple regressions were performed. Posttransplant graft and recipient survival at 1 and 12 months were compared. In study 1, 30,962 donors received T3/T4, with 36.59% providing a heart and 20.05% providing 1 or both lungs. Of the 32,631 donors who did not receive T3/T4, only 29.62% provided a heart and 14.61% provided lungs, an increase of 6.97% hearts and 5.44% lungs from T3/T4-treated donors (both P < 0.0001). In study 2, 34.99% of group A provided a heart and 20.99% provided lungs. In group B only 25.76% provided a heart and 15.09% provided lungs, an increase of 9.23% (hearts) and 5.90% (lungs), respectively, in group A (both P < 0.0001). The results of multiple regression analyses indicated a beneficial effect of T3/T4 on heart (P < 0.0001) and lung (P < 0.0001) procurement independent of other factors. T3/T4 therapy to the donor was associated with either improved posttransplant graft and recipient survival or no difference in survival. T3/T4 therapy results in more transplantable hearts and lungs, with no detriment to posttransplant graft or recipient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Novitzky
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zhibao Mi
- Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Medical Center, Perry Point, Maryland
| | - Joseph F Collins
- Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Medical Center, Perry Point, Maryland
| | - David K C Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Coombes J, Swiderska-Syn M, Dollé L, Reid D, Eksteen B, Claridge L, Briones-Orta MA, Shetty S, Oo YH, Riva A, Chokshi S, Papa S, Mi Z, Kuo PC, Williams R, Canbay A, Adams DH, Diehl AM, van Grunsven LA, Choi SS, Syn WK. Osteopontin neutralisation abrogates the liver progenitor cell response and fibrogenesis in mice. Gut 2015; 64:1120-31. [PMID: 24902765 PMCID: PMC4487727 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic liver injury triggers a progenitor cell repair response, and liver fibrosis occurs when repair becomes deregulated. Previously, we reported that reactivation of the hedgehog pathway promotes fibrogenic liver repair. Osteopontin (OPN) is a hedgehog-target, and a cytokine that is highly upregulated in fibrotic tissues, and regulates stem-cell fate. Thus, we hypothesised that OPN may modulate liver progenitor cell response, and thereby, modulate fibrotic outcomes. We further evaluated the impact of OPN-neutralisation on murine liver fibrosis. METHODS Liver progenitors (603B and bipotential mouse oval liver) were treated with OPN-neutralising aptamers in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, to determine if (and how) OPN modulates liver progenitor function. Effects of OPN-neutralisation (using OPN-aptamers or OPN-neutralising antibodies) on liver progenitor cell response and fibrogenesis were assessed in three models of liver fibrosis (carbon tetrachloride, methionine-choline deficient diet, 3,5,-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet) by quantitative real time (qRT) PCR, Sirius-Red staining, hydroxyproline assay, and semiquantitative double-immunohistochemistry. Finally, OPN expression and liver progenitor response were corroborated in liver tissues obtained from patients with chronic liver disease. RESULTS OPN is overexpressed by liver progenitors in humans and mice. In cultured progenitors, OPN enhances viability and wound healing by modulating TGF-β signalling. In vivo, OPN-neutralisation attenuates the liver progenitor cell response, reverses epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in Sox9+ cells, and abrogates liver fibrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS OPN upregulation during liver injury is a conserved repair response, and influences liver progenitor cell function. OPN-neutralisation abrogates the liver progenitor cell response and fibrogenesis in mouse models of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - M Swiderska-Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - L Dollé
- Liver Cell Biology Lab (LIVR), Department of Cell Biology (CYTO), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Reid
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Health Research and Innovation Centre (HRIC), University of Calgary, Canada
| | - B Eksteen
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Health Research and Innovation Centre (HRIC), University of Calgary, Canada
| | - L Claridge
- Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - MA Briones-Orta
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - S Shetty
- Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - YH Oo
- Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - A Riva
- Viral Hepatitis Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - S Chokshi
- Viral Hepatitis Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - S Papa
- Cell Signaling Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, USA
| | - PC Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, USA
| | - R Williams
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - A Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - DH Adams
- Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - AM Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - LA van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Lab (LIVR), Department of Cell Biology (CYTO), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - SS Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - WK Syn
- Regeneration and Repair Group, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK,Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, UK,Department of Hepatology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK,Senior and Corresponding Author: Dr Wing-Kin Syn, Head of Liver Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London WC1E 6HX, Tel: 44-20272559837,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao S, Connie AT, Dastjerdi MHT, Kong XH, Wang Q, Djavid M, Sadaf S, Liu XD, Shih I, Guo H, Mi Z. Aluminum nitride nanowire light emitting diodes: Breaking the fundamental bottleneck of deep ultraviolet light sources. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8332. [PMID: 25684335 PMCID: PMC4329565 DOI: 10.1038/srep08332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite broad interest in aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) optoelectronic devices for deep ultraviolet (DUV) applications, the performance of conventional Al(Ga)N planar devices drastically decays when approaching the AlN end, including low internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) and high device operation voltages. Here we show that these challenges can be addressed by utilizing nitrogen (N) polar Al(Ga)N nanowires grown directly on Si substrate. By carefully tuning the synthesis conditions, a record IQE of 80% can be realized with N-polar AlN nanowires, which is nearly ten times higher compared to high quality planar AlN. The first 210 nm emitting AlN nanowire light emitting diodes (LEDs) were achieved, with a turn on voltage of about 6 V, which is significantly lower than the commonly observed 20 – 40 V. This can be ascribed to both efficient Mg doping by controlling the nanowire growth rate and N-polarity induced internal electrical field that favors hole injection. In the end, high performance N-polar AlGaN nanowire LEDs with emission wavelengths covering the UV-B/C bands were also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - A T Connie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - M H T Dastjerdi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - X H Kong
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - M Djavid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - S Sadaf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - X D Liu
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7
| | - I Shih
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0E9
| | - H Guo
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0E9
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li KH, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhao S, Mi Z. Ultralow-threshold electrically injected AlGaN nanowire ultraviolet lasers on Si operating at low temperature. Nat Nanotechnol 2015; 10:140-4. [PMID: 25599190 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet laser radiation has been adopted in a wide range of applications as diverse as water purification, flexible displays, data storage, sterilization, diagnosis and bioagent detection. Success in developing semiconductor-based, compact ultraviolet laser sources, however, has been extremely limited. Here, we report that defect-free disordered AlGaN core-shell nanowire arrays, formed directly on a Si substrate, can be used to achieve highly stable, electrically pumped lasers across the entire ultraviolet AII (UV-AII) band (∼320-340 nm) at low temperatures. The laser threshold is in the range of tens of amps per centimetre squared, which is nearly three orders of magnitude lower than those of previously reported quantum-well lasers. This work also reports the first demonstration of electrically injected AlGaN-based ultraviolet lasers monolithically grown on a Si substrate, and offers a new avenue for achieving semiconductor lasers in the ultraviolet B (UV-B) (280-320 nm) and ultraviolet C (UV-C) (<280 nm) bands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K H Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - X Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Weber CE, Kothari AN, Wai PY, Li NY, Driver J, Zapf MAC, Franzen CA, Gupta GN, Osipo C, Zlobin A, Syn WK, Zhang J, Kuo PC, Mi Z. Osteopontin mediates an MZF1-TGF-β1-dependent transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:4821-33. [PMID: 25531323 PMCID: PMC4476970 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TMEN) significantly influence cancer growth and metastasis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to be a critical mediator of the CAF phenotype, and osteopontin (OPN) expression in tumors is associated with more aggressive phenotypes and poor patient outcomes. The potential link between these two pathways has not been previously addressed. Utilizing in vitro studies using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MDA-MB231 (OPN+) and MCF7 (OPN−) human breast cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that OPN induces integrin-dependent MSC expression of TGF-β1 to mediate adoption of the CAF phenotype. This OPN-TGF-β1 pathway requires the transcription factor, myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1). In vivo studies with xenotransplant models in NOD-scid mice showed that OPN expression increases cancer growth and metastasis by mediating MSC-to-CAF transformation in a process that is MZF1- and TGF-β1-dependent. We conclude that tumor-derived OPN engenders MSC-to-CAF transformation in the microenvironment to promote tumor growth and metastasis via the OPN-MZF1-TGF-β1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Weber
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A N Kothari
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - P Y Wai
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - N Y Li
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - J Driver
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - M A C Zapf
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C A Franzen
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - G N Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C Osipo
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A Zlobin
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - W K Syn
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, London, UK
| | - J Zhang
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - P C Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mi Z, Novitzky D, Collins JF, Cooper DK. The optimal hormonal replacement modality selection for multiple organ procurement from brain-dead organ donors. Clin Epidemiol 2014; 7:17-27. [PMID: 25565890 PMCID: PMC4278733 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s71403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of brain-dead organ donors is complex. The use of inotropic agents and replacement of depleted hormones (hormonal replacement therapy) is crucial for successful multiple organ procurement, yet the optimal hormonal replacement has not been identified, and the statistical adjustment to determine the best selection is not trivial. Traditional pair-wise comparisons between every pair of treatments, and multiple comparisons to all (MCA), are statistically conservative. Hsu's multiple comparisons with the best (MCB) - adapted from the Dunnett's multiple comparisons with control (MCC) - has been used for selecting the best treatment based on continuous variables. We selected the best hormonal replacement modality for successful multiple organ procurement using a two-step approach. First, we estimated the predicted margins by constructing generalized linear models (GLM) or generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), and then we applied the multiple comparison methods to identify the best hormonal replacement modality given that the testing of hormonal replacement modalities is independent. Based on 10-year data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), among 16 hormonal replacement modalities, and using the 95% simultaneous confidence intervals, we found that the combination of thyroid hormone, a corticosteroid, antidiuretic hormone, and insulin was the best modality for multiple organ procurement for transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibao Mi
- Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Maryland Health Care Systems, Perry Point, MD, USA
| | - Dimitri Novitzky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph F Collins
- Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Maryland Health Care Systems, Perry Point, MD, USA
| | - David Kc Cooper
- Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Djavid M, Liu X, Mi Z. Improvement of the light extraction efficiency of GaN-based LEDs using rolled-up nanotube arrays. Opt Express 2014; 22 Suppl 7:A1680-A1686. [PMID: 25607481 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.0a1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated the effect of rolled-up nanotubes on the light extraction efficiency of GaN-based LEDs using two-dimensional finite element method simulation. The light extraction involves two successive steps, including the coupling from the light source to the tube and the subsequent emission from the tube to the air. Significantly enhanced light extraction efficiency is observed for both TE and TM waves by optimizing the nanotube geometry and dimension as well as the separation between the nanotube and light source. We have further shown that densely packed nanotube arrays can be integrated with GaN-based LEDs to achieve unequivocal improvement of light extraction efficiency over a large surface area. With recent advances in rolled-up micro- and nanotubes, it is expected that this study can offer a potentially flexible, low cost approach to enhance the light extraction of various LED devices.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferreira JA, Nguyen HPT, Mi Z, Leonelli R, Stafford L. Improvement of the emission properties from InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire nanostructures after treatment in the flowing afterglow of a microwave N₂ plasma. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:435606. [PMID: 25299752 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/43/435606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nominally pure GaN nanowires (NWs) and InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire heterostructures were exposed to the flowing afterglow of a N2 microwave plasma and characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. While the band-edge emission from GaN NWs and the GaN matrix of the InGaN/GaN NWs strongly decreased due to the creation of non-radiative recombination centers in the near-surface region, the emission from the InGaN dots strongly increased. PL excitation measurements indicate that such an increase cannot be explained by a plasma-induced shift of the GaN absorption edge. It is rather ascribed to the passivation of grown-in defects and dynamic annealing due to the presence of plasma-generated N atoms and N2 metastables without excessive introduction of ion-induced damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Afonso Ferreira
- Département de physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Q, Liu X, Kibria MG, Zhao S, Nguyen HPT, Li KH, Mi Z, Gonzalez T, Andrews MP. p-Type dopant incorporation and surface charge properties of catalyst-free GaN nanowires revealed by micro-Raman scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nanoscale 2014; 6:9970-9976. [PMID: 25074362 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01608d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro-Raman scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to investigate Mg-doped GaN nanowires. With the increase of Mg doping level, pronounced Mg-induced local vibrational modes were observed. The evolution of longitudinal optical phonon-plasmon coupled mode, together with detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, show that the near-surface region of nanowires can be transformed from weakly n-type to p-type with the increase of Mg doping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salehzadeh O, Tran NH, Liu X, Shih I, Mi Z. Exciton kinetics, quantum efficiency, and efficiency droop of monolayer MoS₂ light-emitting devices. Nano Lett 2014; 14:4125-30. [PMID: 24905765 DOI: 10.1021/nl5017283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the quantum efficiency of monolayer MoS2 light-emitting devices through detailed temperature and power-dependent photoluminescence studies and rate equation analysis. The internal quantum efficiency can reach 45 and 8.3% at 83 and 300 K, respectively. However, efficiency droop is clearly measured with increasing carrier injection due to the unusually large Auger recombination coefficient, which is found to be ∼10(-24) cm(6)/s at room temperature, nearly 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional bulk semiconductors. The significantly elevated Auger recombination in the emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors is primarily an indirect process and is attributed to the abrupt bounding surfaces and the enhanced correlation, mediated by magnified Coulomb interactions, between electrons and holes confined in a 2D structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Salehzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kibria MG, Zhao S, Chowdhury FA, Wang Q, Nguyen HPT, Trudeau ML, Guo H, Mi Z. Tuning the surface Fermi level on p-type gallium nitride nanowires for efficient overall water splitting. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3825. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
33
|
Novitzky D, Mi Z, Collins J, Cooper D. Thyroid Hormone Therapy in 63,593 Donors: A Retrospective Review of Heart and Lung Procurement. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
34
|
Driver J, Mi Z, Callaci J, Mascarenhas J, Franzen C, Gupta G, Wai P, Zhang J, Kuo P. Alcohol Inhibits Osteopontin Induced Expression of TGF-β1 in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Fracture Healing in Intoxicated Patients. J Surg Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
In this Letter, we demonstrate that with the merit of nanowire structure and a self-catalytic growth process p-type InN can be realized for the first time by "direct" magnesium (Mg) doping. The presence of Mg acceptor energy levels in InN is confirmed by photoluminescence experiments, and a direct evidence of p-type conduction is demonstrated unambiguously by studying the transfer characteristics of InN nanowire field effect transistors. Moreover, the near-surface Fermi-level of InN can be tuned from nearly intrinsic to p-type degenerate by controlling Mg dopant incorporation, which is in contrast to the commonly observed electron accumulation on the grown surfaces of Mg-doped InN films. First-principle calculation using the VASP electronic package further shows that the p-type surface formed on Mg-doped InN nanowires is highly stable energetically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
AlOtaibi B, Nguyen HPT, Zhao S, Kibria MG, Fan S, Mi Z. Highly stable photoelectrochemical water splitting and hydrogen generation using a double-band InGaN/GaN core/shell nanowire photoanode. Nano Lett 2013; 13:4356-4361. [PMID: 23927558 DOI: 10.1021/nl402156e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first demonstration of stable photoelectrochemical water splitting and hydrogen generation on a double-band photoanode in acidic solution (hydrogen bromide), which is achieved by InGaN/GaN core/shell nanowire arrays grown on Si substrate using catalyst-free molecular beam epitaxy. The nanowires are doped n-type using Si to reduce the surface depletion region and increase current conduction. Relatively high incident-photon-to-current-conversion efficiency (up to ~27%) is measured under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. Under simulated sunlight illumination, steady evolution of molecular hydrogen is further demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B AlOtaibi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Q, Connie AT, Nguyen HPT, Kibria MG, Zhao S, Sharif S, Shih I, Mi Z. Highly efficient, spectrally pure 340 nm ultraviolet emission from AlxGa₁-xN nanowire based light emitting diodes. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:345201. [PMID: 23899873 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/34/345201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High crystal quality, vertically aligned AlxGa1-xN nanowire based double heterojunction light emitting diodes (LEDs) are grown on Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Such AlxGa1-xN nanowires exhibit unique core-shell structures, which can significantly suppress surface nonradiative recombination. We successfully demonstrate highly efficient AlxGa1-xN nanowire array based LEDs operating at ∼340 nm. Such nanowire devices exhibit superior electrical and optical performance, including an internal quantum efficiency of ∼59% at room temperature, a relatively small series resistance, highly stable emission characteristics, and the absence of efficiency droop under pulsed biasing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao S, Kibria MG, Wang Q, Nguyen HPT, Mi Z. Growth of large-scale vertically aligned GaN nanowires and their heterostructures with high uniformity on SiO(x) by catalyst-free molecular beam epitaxy. Nanoscale 2013; 5:5283-5287. [PMID: 23661186 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The catalyst-free molecular beam epitaxial growth of GaN nanowires and their heterostructures on a SiOx template is studied in detail. It was found that by optimizing the growth temperature, highly uniform and vertically aligned GaN nanowires and InGaN/GaN heterostructures with excellent optical properties can be obtained on a SiOx template in a large-scale. This work provides an entirely new avenue for GaN nanowire based optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
AlOtaibi B, Harati M, Fan S, Zhao S, Nguyen HPT, Kibria MG, Mi Z. High efficiency photoelectrochemical water splitting and hydrogen generation using GaN nanowire photoelectrode. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:175401. [PMID: 23548782 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/17/175401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the photoelectrochemical properties of both undoped and Si-doped GaN nanowire arrays in 1 mol l(-1) solutions of hydrogen bromide and potassium bromide, which were used separately as electrolytes. It is observed that variations of the photocurrent with bias voltage depend strongly on the n-type doping in GaN nanowires in both electrolytes, which are analyzed in the context of GaN surface band bending and its variation with the incorporation of Si-doping. Maximum incident-photon-to-current-conversion efficiencies of ~15% and 18% are measured for undoped and Si-doped GaN nanowires under ~350 nm light illumination, respectively. Stable hydrogen generation is also observed at a zero bias potential versus the counter-electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B AlOtaibi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kundu M, Mi Z, Weber C, Li N, Lynch T, Kuo P, Wai P. Activation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages is Required for Hepatocyte Growth Factor Enhanced Invasiveness and Predicts Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
Li N, Weber C, Wai P, Cuevas B, Kuo P, Mi Z. A MAPK Dependent Pathway Induces Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Via Twist Activation in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
42
|
Armstrong FD, Elkin TD, Brown RC, Glass P, Rana S, Casella JF, Kalpatthi RV, Pavlakis S, Mi Z, Wang WC. Developmental function in toddlers with sickle cell anemia. Pediatrics 2013; 131:e406-14. [PMID: 23296434 PMCID: PMC3557401 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairment occurs in children and adults with sickle cell anemia, but little is known about neurodevelopment in very young children. We examined the neurodevelopmental status of infants participating in the Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (Baby Hug) to determine relationships with age, cerebral blood flow velocity, and hemoglobin concentration. METHODS Standardized measures of infant neurodevelopment were administered to 193 infants with hemoglobin SS or hemoglobin S-β(0) thalassemia between 7 and 18 months of age at the time of their baseline evaluation. Associations between neurodevelopmental scores and age, family income, parent education, hemoglobin concentration, and transcranial Doppler velocity were examined. RESULTS Mean functioning on the baseline neurodevelopment scales was in the average range. There were no mental development scores <70 (impaired); 22 children had scores in the clinically significant range, 11 with impaired psychomotor scores and 11 with problematic behavior rating scores. Significantly poorer performance was observed with older age at baseline. Behavior rating scores were an average of 2.82 percentile points lower per month of age, with similar patterns observed with parent report using adaptive behavior scales. Parent-reported functional abilities and hemoglobin were negatively associated with higher transcranial Doppler velocities. CONCLUSIONS Whereas overall functioning was in the normal range, behavioral and adaptive function was poorer with older age, even in this very young group of children. Explanatory mechanisms for this association between poorer developmental function and older age need to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Daniel Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Holtz Children’s Hospital at University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - T. David Elkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - R. Clark Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Penny Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sohail Rana
- Department of Pediatrics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - James F. Casella
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ram V. Kalpatthi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Steven Pavlakis
- Department of Pediatrics, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Zhibao Mi
- Clinical Trials and Surveys Corporation, Owings Mills, Maryland; and
| | - Winfred C. Wang
- Department of Hematology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cardin V, Dion-Bertrand LI, Grégoire P, Nguyen HPT, Sakowicz M, Mi Z, Silva C, Leonelli R. Recombination dynamics in InGaN/GaN nanowire heterostructures on Si(111). Nanotechnology 2013; 24:045702. [PMID: 23299780 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/4/045702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have performed room-temperature time-resolved photoluminescence measurements on samples that comprise InGaN insertions embedded in GaN nanowires. The decay curves reveal non-exponential recombination dynamics that evolve into a power law at long times. We find that the characteristic power-law exponent increases with emission photon energy. The data are analyzed in terms of a model that involves an interplay between a radiative state and a metastable charge-separated state. The agreement between our results and the model points towards an emission dominated by carriers localized on In-rich nanoclusters that form spontaneously inside the InGaN insertions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Cardin
- Département de Physique and Regroupement Québécois sur Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Montréal, Case Postale 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao S, Wang Q, Mi Z, Fathololoumi S, Gonzalez T, Andrews MP. Observation of phonon sideband emission in intrinsic InN nanowires: a photoluminescence and micro-Raman scattering study. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:415706. [PMID: 23018196 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/41/415706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, photoluminescence and micro-Raman scattering experiments were performed on undoped InN nanowires. It was found that, besides the main photoluminescence peak, a clear phonon sideband emission peak, with an extremely narrow linewidth ~9 meV, was measured. The phonon spectrum revealed by micro-Raman scattering indicates only uncoupled LO phonons are involved in such phonon sideband emission. The clearly resolved phonon sideband emission peak with a narrow linewidth, together with the uncoupled LO phonon modes, suggests the superior quality of the presented InN nanowires, i.e., extremely low residual electron density and the absence of surface electron accumulation, which is consistent with the physical properties of intrinsic InN nanowires as in the previous studies. The detailed phonon sideband properties are also discussed in the text.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shen K, Rice SD, Gingrich DA, Wang D, Mi Z, Tian C, Ding Z, Brower SL, Ervin PR, Gabrin MJ, Tseng G, Song N. Distinct genes related to drug response identified in ER positive and ER negative breast cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40900. [PMID: 22815861 PMCID: PMC3397945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients have different responses to chemotherapeutic treatments. Genes associated with drug response can provide insight to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance, identify promising therapeutic opportunities, and facilitate personalized treatment. Estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative breast cancer have distinct clinical behavior and molecular properties. However, to date, few studies have rigorously assessed drug response genes in them. In this study, our goal was to systematically identify genes associated with multidrug response in ER positive and ER negative breast cancer cell lines. We tested 27 human breast cell lines for response to seven chemotherapeutic agents (cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, doxorubicin, epirubicin, fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel). We integrated publicly available gene expression profiles of these cell lines with their in vitro drug response patterns, then applied meta-analysis to identify genes related to multidrug response in ER positive and ER negative cells separately. One hundred eighty-eight genes were identified as related to multidrug response in ER positive and 32 genes in ER negative breast cell lines. Of these, only three genes (DBI, TOP2A, and PMVK) were common to both cell types. TOP2A was positively associated with drug response, and DBI was negatively associated with drug response. Interestingly, PMVK was positively associated with drug response in ER positive cells and negatively in ER negative cells. Functional analysis showed that while cell cycle affects drug response in both ER positive and negative cells, most biological processes that are involved in drug response are distinct. A number of signaling pathways that are uniquely enriched in ER positive cells have complex cross talk with ER signaling, while in ER negative cells, enriched pathways are related to metabolic functions. Taken together, our analysis indicates that distinct mechanisms are involved in multidrug response in ER positive and ER negative breast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Shen
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shara D. Rice
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David A. Gingrich
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dakun Wang
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhibao Mi
- Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Perry Point, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chunqiao Tian
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stacey L. Brower
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Ervin
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Gabrin
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nan Song
- Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhao S, Fathololoumi S, Bevan KH, Liu DP, Kibria MG, Li Q, Wang GT, Guo H, Mi Z. Tuning the surface charge properties of epitaxial InN nanowires. Nano Lett 2012; 12:2877-2882. [PMID: 22545811 DOI: 10.1021/nl300476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the correlated surface electronic and optical properties of [0001]-oriented epitaxial InN nanowires grown directly on silicon. By dramatically improving the epitaxial growth process, we have achieved, for the first time, intrinsic InN both within the bulk and at nonpolar InN surfaces. The near-surface Fermi-level was measured to be ∼0.55 eV above the valence band maximum for undoped InN nanowires, suggesting the absence of surface electron accumulation and Fermi-level pinning. This result is in direct contrast to the problematic degenerate two-dimensional electron gas universally observed on grown surfaces of n-type degenerate InN. We have further demonstrated that the surface charge properties of InN nanowires, including the formation of two-dimensional electron gas and the optical emission characteristics can be precisely tuned through controlled n-type doping. At relatively high doping levels in this study, the near-surface Fermi-level was found to be pinned at ∼0.95-1.3 eV above the valence band maximum. Through these trends, well captured by the effective mass and ab initio materials modeling, we have unambiguously identified the definitive role of surface doping in tuning the surface charge properties of InN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2A7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bhattacharya S, Mi Z, Talbot L, Guo H, Kuo P. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Epithelial Hepatic Carcinoma Cell Lines in Admixture: A Novel Method Demonstrating Concurrent Stimulation of CAF and EMT Markers. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
48
|
Weber C, Talbot L, Wai P, Mi Z, Kundu M, Kuo P. Transformation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Within the Tumor Microenvironment. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Nguyen HPT, Zhang S, Cui K, Han X, Fathololoumi S, Couillard M, Botton GA, Mi Z. p-Type modulation doped InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire white-light-emitting diodes monolithically grown on Si(111). Nano Lett 2011; 11:1919-1924. [PMID: 21517080 DOI: 10.1021/nl104536x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Full-color, catalyst-free InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were monolithically grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy, with the emission characteristics controlled by the dot properties in a single epitaxial growth step. With the use of p-type modulation doping in the dot-in-a-wire heterostructures, we have demonstrated the most efficient phosphor-free white LEDs ever reported, which exhibit an internal quantum efficiency of ∼56.8%, nearly unaltered CIE chromaticity coordinates with increasing injection current, and virtually zero efficiency droop at current densities up to ∼640 A/cm(2). The remarkable performance is attributed to the superior three-dimensional carrier confinement provided by the electronically coupled dot-in-a-wire heterostructures, the nearly defect- and strain-free GaN nanowires, and the significantly enhanced hole transport due to the p-type modulation doping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H P T Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|