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McGuinness SL, Zhong S, Eades O, Di Donato M, Collie A, Kelsall HL, Leder K. Workplace leave patterns among Victorian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1896-1900. [PMID: 37772777 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
We analysed aggregate work absences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from two Victorian hospital sites and corresponding individual-level survey data to understand changes in the rates and types of workplace absence. We found changing reasons for workplace absences as the pandemic progressed and observed higher rates of annual and sick leave during the months coinciding with increased COVID-19 cases and workforce burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L McGuinness
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon Zhong
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owen Eades
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Di Donato
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Collie
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen L Kelsall
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Leder
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ellis EG, Joutsa J, Morrison-Ham J, Younger EFP, Saward JB, Caeyenberghs K, Corp DT. Large-scale activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of parkinsonian disorders. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad172. [PMID: 37324240 PMCID: PMC10265724 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a feature of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome and multiple system atrophy. Neuroimaging studies have yielded insights into parkinsonian disorders; however, due to variability in results, the brain regions consistently implicated in these disorders remain to be characterized. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify consistent brain abnormalities in individual parkinsonian disorders (Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome and multiple system atrophy) and to investigate any shared abnormalities across disorders. A total of 44 591 studies were systematically screened following searches of two databases. A series of whole-brain activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed on 132 neuroimaging studies (69 Parkinson's disease; 23 progressive supranuclear palsy; 17 corticobasal syndrome; and 23 multiple system atrophy) utilizing anatomical MRI, perfusion or metabolism PET and single-photon emission computed tomography. Meta-analyses were performed in each parkinsonian disorder within each imaging modality, as well as across all included disorders. Results in progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy aligned with current imaging markers for diagnosis, encompassing the midbrain, and brainstem and putamen, respectively. PET imaging studies of patients with Parkinson's disease most consistently reported abnormality of the middle temporal gyrus. No significant clusters were identified in corticobasal syndrome. When examining abnormalities shared across all four disorders, the caudate was consistently reported in MRI studies, whilst the thalamus, inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyri were commonly implicated by PET. To our knowledge, this is the largest meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies in parkinsonian disorders and the first to characterize brain regions implicated across parkinsonian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Ellis
- Correspondence to: Elizabeth G. Ellis Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia E-mail:
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jordan Morrison-Ham
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Ellen F P Younger
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Jacqueline B Saward
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Daniel T Corp
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Daniel T. Corp Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia E-mail:
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McGuinness SL, Eades O, Grantham KL, Zhong S, Johnson J, Cameron PA, Forbes AB, Fisher JR, Hodgson CL, Kasza J, Kelsall H, Kirkman M, Russell GM, Russo PL, Sim MR, Singh K, Skouteris H, Smith K, Stuart RL, Trauer JM, Udy A, Zoungas S, Leder K. Mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia, May 2021 - June 2022: a longitudinal cohort study. Med J Aust 2023; 218:361-367. [PMID: 37032118 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the mental health and wellbeing of health and aged care workers in Australia during the second and third years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overall and by occupation group. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal cohort study of health and aged care workers (ambulance, hospitals, primary care, residential aged care) in Victoria: May-July 2021 (survey 1), October-December 2021 (survey 2), and May-June 2022 (survey 3). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportions of respondents (adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status) reporting moderate to severe symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, GAD-7), or post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale-6, IES-6), burnout (abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, aMBI), or high optimism (10-point visual analogue scale); mean scores (adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status) for wellbeing (Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult, PWI-A) and resilience (Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 2, CD-RISC-2). RESULTS A total of 1667 people responded to at least one survey (survey 1, 989; survey 2, 1153; survey 3, 993; response rate, 3.3%). Overall, 1211 survey responses were from women (72.6%); most respondents were hospital workers (1289, 77.3%) or ambulance staff (315, 18.9%). The adjusted proportions of respondents who reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression (survey 1, 16.4%; survey 2, 22.6%; survey 3, 19.2%), anxiety (survey 1, 8.8%; survey 2, 16.0%; survey 3, 11.0%), or post-traumatic stress (survey 1, 14.6%; survey 2, 35.1%; survey 3, 14.9%) were each largest for survey 2. The adjusted proportions of participants who reported moderate to severe symptoms of burnout were higher in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1, and the proportions who reported high optimism were smaller in surveys 2 and 3 than in survey 1. Adjusted mean scores for wellbeing and resilience were similar at surveys 2 and 3 and lower than at survey 1. The magnitude but not the patterns of change differed by occupation group. CONCLUSION Burnout was more frequently reported and mean wellbeing and resilience scores were lower in mid-2022 than in mid-2021 for Victorian health and aged care workers who participated in our study. Evidence-based mental health and wellbeing programs for workers in health care organisations are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000533897 (observational study; retrospective).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen Eades
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | - Shannon Zhong
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Josphin Johnson
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Peter A Cameron
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- The Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | | | - Carol L Hodgson
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip L Russo
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | - Kasha Singh
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC
- Peninsula Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Karen Smith
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Ambulance Service of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Rhonda L Stuart
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | - Andrew Udy
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | - Karin Leder
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
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McEvoy M, Parker C, Crombie A, Skinner TC, Begg S, Faulkner P, McEvoy A, Bamforth L, Caccaviello G. Loddon Mallee healthcare worker COVID-19 study-protocol for a prospective cohort study examining the health and well-being of rural Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050511. [PMID: 34380731 PMCID: PMC8359870 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is creating immense psychosocial disturbance. While global, broad-based research is being conducted, little is known about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and well-being or how protective and resilience factors influence the human response in Australian rural and regional communities. Rural and regional communities often have less resources to deal with such public health emergencies and face additional environmental adversity. Healthcare workers, including those in rural and regional areas, have felt the immediate impacts of COVID-19 in a multitude of ways and these impacts will continue for years to come. Therefore, this study aims to describe and understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rural and regional healthcare workforce within the Loddon Mallee region, Victoria, Australia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective cohort of rural and regional healthcare workers will be recruited and followed over 3 years to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their health and well-being. Self-administered online questionnaires will be administered every 6 months for a 36-month period. Multiple outcomes will be assessed; however, the primary outcomes are emotional health and well-being and psychological resilience. Emotional health and well-being will be measured using validated instruments that will assess multiple domains of the emotional health and well-being continuum.Linear and logistic regression and latent growth curve modelling will be used to examine the association between baseline and follow-up participant emotional health, well-being and resilience while adjusting for potentially time-varying confounding variables. Participant characteristics measured at baseline will also be tested for association with incident health, morbidity, mortality and health service utilisation outcomes at follow-up. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained through the Bendigo Health Human Research Ethics Committee. The study findings will be disseminated through international conferences, international peer-reviewed journals and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12620001269921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark McEvoy
- Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol Parker
- Research and Innovation, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Crombie
- Research and Innovation, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy C Skinner
- Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Begg
- Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Faulkner
- Research and Innovation, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne McEvoy
- Executive Office, Kyabram District Health Service, Kyabram, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Bamforth
- Research and Innovation, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel Caccaviello
- Staff Development, Swan Hill District Health, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia
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