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El Karout H, Shchur Y, Andrushchak A, Sahraoui B, Wielgosz R, Kityk O, Jędryka J, Slyvka Y, Kityk AV. Second harmonic generation on crystalline organic nanoclusters under extreme nanoconfinement in functionalized silica-benzil composites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9943. [PMID: 37337016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a series of organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials combining the mesoporous silica (PS) and benzil (BZL) nanocrystals embedded into its nanochannels (6.0-13.0 nm in diameter) by capillary crystallization. One aims to design novel, efficient nonlinear optical composite materials in which inactive amorphous host PS-matrix provides a tubular scaffold structure, whereas nonlinear optical functionality results from specific properties of the deposited guest BZL-nanocrystals. A considerable contraction of the BZL melt during its crystallization inside the silica nanochannels results in a formation of the texture consisting of (221)- and (003)-oriented BZL nanoclusters (22 nm in length), separated by voids. Specificity of the textural morphology similarly to the spatial confinement significantly influences the nonlinear optical features of composite PS:BZL materials being explored in the second harmonic generation (SHG) experiment. The light polarization anisotropy of the SHG response appears to be considerably reduced at channel diameters larger than 7 nm apparently due to the multiple scattering and depolarization of the light on randomly distributed and crystallographically oriented BZL-nanoclusters. The normalized SHG response decreases nonlinearly by more than one order of magnitude as the channel diameter decreases from 13.0 to 6.0 nm and vanishes when spatial cylindrical confinement approaches the sizes of a few molecular layers suggesting that the embedded BZL clusters indeed are not uniformly crystalline but are characterized by more complex morphology consisting of a disordered SHG-inactive amorphous shell, covering the channel wall, and SHG-active crystalline core. Understanding and controlling of the textural morphology in inorganic-organic nanocrystalline composites as well as its relationships with nonlinear optical properties can lead to the development of novel efficient nonlinear optical materials for the light energy conversion with prospective optoelectronic and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda El Karout
- University of Angers, LPhiA, SFR MATRIX, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
- University of Angers, MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, SFR MATRIX, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Yaroslav Shchur
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, 1 Svientsitskii str., Lviv, 79011, Ukraine.
| | | | - Bouchta Sahraoui
- University of Angers, LPhiA, SFR MATRIX, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Robert Wielgosz
- Energia Oze Sp. z o.o., ul. Czȩstochowska 7, 42-274, Konopiska, Poland
| | - Olha Kityk
- Energia Oze Sp. z o.o., ul. Czȩstochowska 7, 42-274, Konopiska, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jędryka
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 17, 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Yurii Slyvka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya Str. 6, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Andriy V Kityk
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 17, 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
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Fontani S, Kaburu SSK, Marliani G, Accorsi PA, Vaglio S. Anogenital scent-marking signals fertility in a captive female Alaotran gentle lemur. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:940707. [PMID: 35967991 PMCID: PMC9366254 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.940707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lake Alaotra gentle lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis) is one of the 25 most endangered primates in the world and shows low success rate in captive breeding programmes. It is therefore vital to further understand its reproductive biology. We studied a captive troop consisting of five individuals hosted at Jersey Zoo during breeding and non-breeding periods over 1 year. We collected behavioural data (n = 318 h) using all occurrence of some behaviours and ad libitum sampling methods, as well as faecal (n = 54) and anogenital scent (n = 35) samples of the breeding female. We measured sex hormone levels using enzyme immunoassay technique and investigated the volatile component of odour signals using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We observed sexual and aggressive behaviours occasionally during the breeding period. Our regression analysis showed that only period significantly predicted rates of female anogenital scent-marking, whereby the female performed anogenital scent-marking more frequently during the breeding rather than the non-breeding period. In contrast, female hormone levels did not significantly explain variation in rates of neither male nor female olfactory, sexual and affiliative behaviours, suggesting that individuals' behaviour alone is not an effective indicator of the ovulation window. The volatile chemical profile of anogenital odour secretions changed over the study, with four compounds distinguishing the fertile window during the breeding period. In conclusion, our findings suggest that anogenital scent-marking may signal the reproductive status of captive female gentle lemurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fontani
- Animal Behaviour and Wildlife Conservation Group, School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano S. K. Kaburu
- Animal Behaviour and Wildlife Conservation Group, School of Medicine, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Marliani
- Animal Behaviour and Wildlife Conservation Group, School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Universitá di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Attilio Accorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Universitá di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Vaglio
- Animal Behaviour and Wildlife Conservation Group, School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- Behavioural, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Stefano Vaglio
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3
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Madjarov J, Soares R, Paquete CM, Louro RO. Sporomusa ovata as Catalyst for Bioelectrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction: A Review Across Disciplines From Microbiology to Process Engineering. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913311. [PMID: 35801113 PMCID: PMC9253864 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporomusa ovata is a bacterium that can accept electrons from cathodes to drive microbial electrosynthesis (MES) of acetate from carbon dioxide. It is the biocatalyst with the highest acetate production rate described. Here we review the research on S. ovata across different disciplines, including microbiology, biochemistry, engineering, and materials science, to summarize and assess the state-of-the-art. The improvement of the biocatalytic capacity of S. ovata in the last 10 years, using different optimization strategies is described and discussed. In addition, we propose possible electron uptake routes derived from genetic and experimental data described in the literature and point out the possibilities to understand and improve the performance of S. ovata through genetic engineering. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps guiding further research efforts to explore this promising organism for the MES field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Madjarov
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Soares
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina M. Paquete
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo O. Louro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Kakouri AC, Votsi C, Oulas A, Nicolaou P, Aureli M, Lunghi G, Samarani M, Compagnoni GM, Salani S, Di Fonzo A, Christophides T, Tanteles GA, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Pantzaris M, Spyrou GM, Christodoulou K. Transcriptomic characterization of tissues from patients and subsequent pathway analyses reveal biological pathways that are implicated in spastic ataxia. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:29. [PMID: 35277195 PMCID: PMC8917697 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spastic ataxias (SAs) encompass a group of rare and severe neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by an overlap between ataxia and spastic paraplegia clinical features. They have been associated with pathogenic variants in a number of genes, including GBA2. This gene codes for the non-lysososomal β-glucosylceramidase, which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism through its catalytic role in the degradation of glucosylceramide. However, the mechanism by which GBA2 variants lead to the development of SA is still unclear. METHODS In this work, we perform next-generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), in an attempt to discover differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lymphoblastoid, fibroblast cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons derived from patients with SA, homozygous for the GBA2 c.1780G > C missense variant. We further exploit DEGs in pathway analyses in order to elucidate candidate molecular mechanisms that are implicated in the development of the GBA2 gene-associated SA. RESULTS Our data reveal a total of 5217 genes with significantly altered expression between patient and control tested tissues. Furthermore, the most significant extracted pathways are presented and discussed for their possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Among them are the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, sphingolipid signaling and metabolism, PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our work examines for the first time the transcriptome profiles of GBA2-associated SA patients and suggests pathways and pathway synergies that could possibly have a role in SA pathogenesis. Lastly, it provides a list of DEGs and pathways that could be further validated towards the discovery of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Kakouri
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Votsi
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Oulas
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Samarani
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire ét PathogénèseDépartement de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Giacomo M. Compagnoni
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Milan Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - George A. Tanteles
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neurology Clinic C, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George M. Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Department of Neurogenetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2370 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Estorninho M, Chozas S, Mendes A, Colwell F, Abrantes I, Fonseca L, Fernandes P, Costa C, Máguas C, Correia O, Antunes C. Differential Impact of the Pinewood Nematode on Pinus Species Under Drought Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:841707. [PMID: 35360314 PMCID: PMC8961127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, responsible for the pine wilt disease (PWD), is a major threat to pine forests worldwide. Since forest mortality due to PWN might be exacerbated by climate, the concerns regarding PWD in the Mediterranean region are further emphasized by the projected scenarios of more drought events and higher temperatures. In this context, it is essential to better understand the pine species vulnerability to PWN under these conditions. To achieve that, physiological responses and wilting symptoms were monitored in artificially inoculated Pinus pinaster (P. pinaster), Pinus pinea (P. pinea), and Pinus radiata (P. radiata) saplings under controlled temperature (25/30°C) and water availability (watered/water stressed). The results obtained showed that the impact of PWN is species-dependent, being infected P. pinaster and P. radiata more prone to physiological and morphological damage than P. pinea. For the more susceptible species (P. pinaster and P. radiata), the presence of the nematode was the main driver of photosynthetic responses, regardless of their temperature or water regime conditions. Nevertheless, water potential was revealed to be highly affected by the synergy of PWN and the studied abiotic conditions, with higher temperatures (P. pinaster) or water limitation (P. radiata) increasing the impact of nematodes on trees' water status. Furthermore, water limitation had an influence on nematodes density and its allocation on trees' structures, with P. pinaster revealing the highest nematode abundance and inner dispersion. In inoculated P. pinea individuals, nematodes' population decreased significantly, emphasizing this species resistance to PWN. Our findings revealed a synergistic impact of PWN infection and stressful environmental conditions, particularly on the water status of P. pinaster and P. radiata, triggering disease symptoms and mortality of these species. Our results suggest that predicted drought conditions might facilitate proliferation and exacerbate the impact of PWN on these two species, through xylem cavitation, leading to strong changes in pine forests of the Mediterranean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Estorninho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sergio Chozas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angela Mendes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Abrantes
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Fonseca
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Fernandes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Costa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Otília Correia
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Antunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Koval NE, Da Pieve F, Artacho E. Ab initio electronic stopping power for protons in Ga 0.5In 0.5P/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells for space applications. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200925. [PMID: 33391793 PMCID: PMC7735329 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the radiation damage of solar panels in space, firstly, the results of Monte Carlo particle transport simulations are presented for proton impact on triple-junction Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ge solar cells, showing the proton projectile penetration in the cells as a function of energy. It is followed by a systematic ab initio investigation of the electronic stopping power (ESP) for protons in different layers of the cell at the relevant velocities via real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The ESP is found to depend significantly on different channelling conditions, which should affect the low-velocity damage predictions, and which are understood in terms of impact parameter and electron density along the path. Additionally, we explore the effect of the interface between the layers of the multilayer structure on the energy loss of a proton, along with the effect of strain in the lattice-matched solar cell. Both effects are found to be small compared with the main bulk effect. The interface energy loss has been found to increase with decreasing proton velocity, and in one case, there is an effective interface energy gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana Da Pieve
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy BIRA-IASB, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilio Artacho
- CIC Nanogune BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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7
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Tournié A, Fleischer K, Bukreeva I, Palermo F, Perino M, Cedola A, Andraud C, Ranocchia G. Ancient Greek text concealed on the back of unrolled papyrus revealed through shortwave-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav8936. [PMID: 31620553 PMCID: PMC6777967 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav8936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Only a few Herculaneum rolls exhibit writing on their reverse side. Since unrolled papyri are permanently glued to paperboard, so far, this fact was known to us only from 18th-century drawings. The application of shortwave-infrared (SWIR; 1000-2500 nm) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to one of them (PHerc. 1691/1021) has revealed portions of Greek text hidden on the back more than 220 years after their first discovery, making it possible to recover this primary source for the ongoing new edition of this precious book. SWIR HSI has produced better contrast and legibility even on the extensive text preserved on the front compared to former imaging of Herculaneum papyri at 950 nm (improperly called multispectral imaging), with a substantial impact on the text reconstruction. These promising results confirm the importance of advanced techniques applied to ancient carbonized papyri and open the way to a better investigation of hundreds of other such papyri.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Tournié
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC, USR 3224), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Ministère de la Culture, CNRS; CP21, 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K. Fleischer
- Institut für Klassische Philologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Residenzplatz 2, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - I. Bukreeva
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC), Rome Unit, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Palermo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC), Rome Unit, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Perino
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14/16, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Cedola
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Nanotecnologia (NANOTEC), Rome Unit, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Andraud
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC, USR 3224), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Ministère de la Culture, CNRS; CP21, 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - G. Ranocchia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per il Lessico Intellettuale Europeo e Storia delle Idee (ILIESI), Via C. Fea, 2, I-00161 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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8
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Gehrmann–De Ridder A, Gehrmann T, Glover EWN, Huss A, Walker DM. Vector boson production in association with a jet at forward rapidities. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2019; 79:526. [PMID: 31303858 PMCID: PMC6593900 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Final states with a vector boson and a hadronic jet allow one to infer the Born-level kinematics of the underlying hard scattering process, thereby probing the partonic structure of the colliding protons. At forward rapidities, the parton collisions are highly asymmetric and resolve the parton distributions at very large or very small momentum fractions, where they are less well constrained by other processes. Using theory predictions accurate to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD for both W ± and Z production in association with a jet at large rapidities at the LHC, we perform a detailed phenomenological analysis of recent LHC measurements. The increased theory precision allows us to clearly identify specific kinematical regions where the description of the data is insufficient. By constructing ratios and asymmetries of these cross sections, we aim to identify possible origins of the deviations, and highlight the potential impact of the data on improved determinations of parton distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gehrmann–De Ridder
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T. Gehrmann
- Department of Physics, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E. W. N. Glover
- Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - A. Huss
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D. M. Walker
- Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
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9
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Baino F, Minguella-Canela J, Korkusuz F, Korkusuz P, Kankılıç B, Montealegre MÁ, De Los Santos-López MA, Vitale-Brovarone C. In Vitro Assessment of Bioactive Glass Coatings on Alumina/Zirconia Composite Implants for Potential Use in Prosthetic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E722. [PMID: 30744005 PMCID: PMC6387312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving the stable osteointegration of prosthetic implants is one of the great challenges of modern orthopedic surgery. The fixation of ceramic acetabular cups of hip joint prostheses is usually achieved using a metal shell provided with screws or pegs that penetrate into the host pelvic bone. The deposition of bioactive coatings on the implant surface to be put in contact with bone could be a valuable strategy to promote a more "physiological" osteointegration. In this work, bioactive glass porous coatings were manufactured on the top of alumina/zirconia composite implants by two different methods, i.e., sponge replication and laser cladding. The coated samples underwent immersion studies in Kokubo's simulated body fluid (SBF) to assess in vitro bioactivity and were found to exhibit an excellent hydroxyapatite-forming ability, which is key to allow bonding to bone. Biological tests using mesenchymal stem and osteoblast-like cells revealed the good biocompatibility of both types of materials. Furthermore, a higher level of mineralization was induced by the sponge-replicated coatings at 10 days. Overall, these results are highly promising and encourage further research on these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baino
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Joaquim Minguella-Canela
- Centre CIM/Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Berna Kankılıç
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | | | - M Antonia De Los Santos-López
- Centre CIM/Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Pitsalidis C, Ferro MP, Iandolo D, Tzounis L, Inal S, Owens RM. Transistor in a tube: A route to three-dimensional bioelectronics. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat4253. [PMID: 30397642 PMCID: PMC6203411 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture materials and techniques, which more accurately mimic in vivo systems to study biological phenomena, have fostered the development of organ and tissue models. While sophisticated 3D tissues can be generated, technology that can accurately assess the functionality of these complex models in a high-throughput and dynamic manner is not well adapted. Here, we present an organic bioelectronic device based on a conducting polymer scaffold integrated into an electrochemical transistor configuration. This platform supports the dual purpose of enabling 3D cell culture growth and real-time monitoring of the adhesion and growth of cells. We have adapted our system to a 3D tubular geometry facilitating free flow of nutrients, given its relevance in a variety of biological tissues (e.g., vascular, gastrointestinal, and kidney) and processes (e.g., blood flow). This biomimetic transistor in a tube does not require photolithography methods for preparation, allowing facile adaptation to the purpose. We demonstrate that epithelial and fibroblast cells grow readily and form tissue-like architectures within the conducting polymer scaffold that constitutes the channel of the transistor. The process of tissue formation inside the conducting polymer channel gradually modulates the transistor characteristics. Correlating the real-time changes in the steady-state characteristics of the transistor with the growth of the cultured tissue, we extract valuable insights regarding the transients of tissue formation. Our biomimetic platform enabling label-free, dynamic, and in situ measurements illustrates the potential for real-time monitoring of 3D cell culture and compatibility for use in long-term organ-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pitsalidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - M. P. Ferro
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, Gardanne 13541, France
| | - D. Iandolo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - L. Tzounis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - S. Inal
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R. M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
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11
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Bagnaschi E, Vega JP, Slavich P. Improved determination of the Higgs mass in the MSSM with heavy superpartners. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2017; 77:334. [PMID: 28943787 PMCID: PMC5586362 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present several advances in the effective field theory calculation of the Higgs mass in MSSM scenarios with heavy superparticles. In particular, we compute the dominant two-loop threshold corrections to the quartic Higgs coupling for generic values of the relevant SUSY-breaking parameters, including all contributions controlled by the strong gauge coupling and by the third-family Yukawa couplings. We also study the effects of a representative subset of dimension-six operators in the effective theory valid below the SUSY scale. Our results will allow for an improved determination of the Higgs mass and of the associated theoretical uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Pardo Vega
- Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- SISSA International School for Advanced Studies and INFN Trieste, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Slavich
- LPTHE, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
- LPTHE, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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12
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Thiesen HJ, Steinbeck F, Maruschke M, Koczan D, Ziems B, Hakenberg OW. Stratification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) genomes by gene-directed copy number alteration (CNA) analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176659. [PMID: 28486536 PMCID: PMC5423597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic processes are understood to be driven by epi-/genetic and genomic alterations from single point mutations to chromosomal alterations such as insertions and deletions of nucleotides up to gains and losses of large chromosomal fragments including products of chromosomal rearrangements e.g. fusion genes and proteins. Overall comparisons of copy number alterations (CNAs) presented in 48 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) genomes resulted in ratios of gene losses versus gene gains between 26 ccRCC Fuhrman malignancy grades G1 (ratio 1.25) and 20 G3 (ratio 0.58). Gene losses and gains of 15762 CNA genes were mapped to 795 chromosomal cytoband loci including 280 KEGG pathways. CNAs were classified according to their contribution to Fuhrman tumour gradings G1 and G3. Gene gains and losses turned out to be highly structured processes in ccRCC genomes enabling the subclassification and stratification of ccRCC tumours in a genome-wide manner. CNAs of ccRCC seem to start with common tumour related gene losses flanked by CNAs specifying Fuhrman grade G1 losses and CNA gains favouring grade G3 tumours. The appearance of recurrent CNA signatures implies the presence of causal mechanisms most likely implicated in the pathogenesis and disease-outcome of ccRCC tumours distinguishing lower from higher malignant tumours. The diagnostic quality of initial 201 genes (108 genes supporting G1 and 93 genes G3 phenotypes) has been successfully validated on published Swiss data (GSE19949) leading to a restricted CNA gene set of 171 CNA genes of which 85 genes favour Fuhrman grade G1 and 86 genes Fuhrman grade G3. Regarding these gene sets overall survival decreased with the number of G3 related gene losses plus G3 related gene gains. CNA gene sets presented define an entry to a gene-directed and pathway-related functional understanding of ongoing copy number alterations within and between individual ccRCC tumours leading to CNA genes of prognostic and predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-J. Thiesen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - F. Steinbeck
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Maruschke
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Germany
| | - D. Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - B. Ziems
- Steinbeis Center for Proteome Analysis, Rostock, Germany
| | - O. W. Hakenberg
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Alencar A, Deuze M. News for assimilation or integration? Examining the functions of news in shaping acculturation experiences of immigrants in the Netherlands and Spain. Eur J Commun 2017; 32:151-166. [PMID: 28579663 PMCID: PMC5439377 DOI: 10.1177/0267323117689993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the functions of news media in shaping acculturation experiences of new economic and refugee immigrants in the Netherlands and Spain. Focus group data revealed that consumption of host country news media was mainly connected to immigrants' deliberate strategies to assimilate the culture, politics and language of the host society, while exposure to transnational news was viewed in terms of strategies of integration in both countries. We also observed that participants' educational background and language skills combined with their perceptions of the host country's news have an impact on the use they make of news for assimilating and/or integrating into the host society. Finally, important sociopolitical conditions of the context influenced the ways participants use the news media in their process of acculturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Alencar
- Amanda Alencar, Department of Media and Communication, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Woudestein, Van der Goot building, M8-17, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark Deuze
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Burger P, Stacey RJ, Bowden SA, Hacke M, Parnell J. Identification, Geochemical Characterisation and Significance of Bitumen among the Grave Goods of the 7th Century Mound 1 Ship-Burial at Sutton Hoo (Suffolk, UK). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166276. [PMID: 27906999 PMCID: PMC5132401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7th century ship-burial at Sutton Hoo is famous for the spectacular treasure discovered when it was first excavated in 1939. The finds include gold and garnet jewellery, silverware, coins and ceremonial armour of broad geographical provenance which make a vital contribution to understanding the political landscape of early medieval Northern Europe. Fragments of black organic material found scattered within the burial were originally identified as 'Stockholm Tar' and linked to waterproofing and maintenance of the ship. Here we present new scientific analyses undertaken to re-evaluate the nature and origin of these materials, leading to the identification of a previously unrecognised prestige material among the treasure: bitumen from the Middle East. Whether the bitumen was gifted as diplomatic gesture or acquired through trading links, its presence in the burial attests to the far-reaching network within which the elite of the region operated at this time. If the bitumen was worked into objects, either alone or in composite with other materials, then their significance within the burial would certainly have been strongly linked to their form or purpose. But the novelty of the material itself may have added to the exotic appeal. Archaeological finds of bitumen from this and earlier periods in Britain are extremely rare, despite the abundance of natural sources of bitumen within Great Britain. This find provides the first material evidence indicating that the extensively exploited Middle Eastern bitumen sources were traded northward beyond the Mediterranean to reach northern Europe and the British Isles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Burger
- Department of Scientific Research, The British Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Stacey
- Department of Scientific Research, The British Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Bowden
- Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Marei Hacke
- Department of Scientific Research, The British Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Parnell
- Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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15
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Ball RD, Bertone V, Bonvini M, Carrazza S, Forte S, Guffanti A, Hartland NP, Rojo J, Rottoli L. A determination of the charm content of the proton: The NNPDF Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2016; 76:647. [PMID: 28316495 PMCID: PMC5335596 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present an unbiased determination of the charm content of the proton, in which the charm parton distribution function (PDF) is parametrized on the same footing as the light quarks and the gluon in a global PDF analysis. This determination relies on the NLO calculation of deep-inelastic structure functions in the FONLL scheme, generalized to account for massive charm-initiated contributions. When the EMC charm structure function dataset is included, it is well described by the fit, and PDF uncertainties in the fitted charm PDF are significantly reduced. We then find that the fitted charm PDF vanishes within uncertainties at a scale [Formula: see text] GeV for all [Formula: see text], independent of the value of [Formula: see text] used in the coefficient functions. We also find some evidence that the charm PDF at large [Formula: see text] and low scales does not vanish, but rather has an "intrinsic" component, very weakly scale dependent and almost independent of the value of [Formula: see text], carrying less than [Formula: see text] of the total momentum of the proton. The uncertainties in all other PDFs are only slightly increased by the inclusion of fitted charm, while the dependence of these PDFs on [Formula: see text] is reduced. The increased stability with respect to [Formula: see text] persists at high scales and is the main implication of our results for LHC phenomenology. Our results show that if the EMC data are correct, then the usual approach in which charm is perturbatively generated leads to biased results for the charm PDF, though at small x this bias could be reabsorbed if the uncertainty due to the charm mass and missing higher orders were included. We show that LHC data for processes, such as high [Formula: see text] and large rapidity charm pair production and [Formula: see text] production, have the potential to confirm or disprove the implications of the EMC data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Ball
- The Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Edinburgh, JCMB, KB, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ Scotland
| | - Valerio Bertone
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP UK
| | - Marco Bonvini
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP UK
| | | | - Stefano Forte
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Veloria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Guffanti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino and INFN, Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Nathan P. Hartland
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP UK
| | - Juan Rojo
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP UK
| | - Luca Rottoli
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP UK
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify publication and citation trends, most productive institutions and countries, top journals, most cited articles and authorship networks from articles that used and analysed data from primary care databases (CPRD, THIN, QResearch) of pseudonymised electronic health records (EHRs) in UK. METHODS Descriptive statistics and scientometric tools were used to analyse a SCOPUS data set of 1891 articles. Open access software was used to extract networks from the data set (Table2Net), visualise and analyse coauthorship networks of scholars and countries (Gephi) and density maps (VOSviewer) of research topics co-occurrence and journal cocitation. RESULTS Research output increased overall at a yearly rate of 18.65%. While medicine is the main field of research, studies in more specialised areas include biochemistry and pharmacology. Researchers from UK, USA and Spanish institutions have published the most papers. Most of the journals that publish this type of research and most cited papers come from UK and USA. Authorship varied between 3 and 6 authors. Keyword analyses show that smoking, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and mental illnesses, as well as medication that can treat such medical conditions, such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, insulin and antidepressants constitute the main topics of research. Coauthorship network analyses show that lead scientists, directors or founders of these databases are, to various degrees, at the centre of clusters in this scientific community. CONCLUSIONS There is a considerable increase of publications in primary care research from EHRs. The UK has been well placed at the centre of an expanding global scientific community, facilitating international collaborations and bringing together international expertise in medicine, biochemical and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevas Vezyridis
- Centre for Health Innovation, Leadership and Learning (CHILL), Nottingham University Business School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen Timmons
- Centre for Health Innovation, Leadership and Learning (CHILL), Nottingham University Business School, Nottingham, UK
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17
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Dory M, Doleschall Z, Nagy SK, Ambrus H, Mészáros T, Barnabás B, Dóczi R. Kinase-Associated Phosphoisoform Assay: a novel candidate-based method to detect specific kinase-substrate phosphorylation interactions in vivo. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:204. [PMID: 27655033 PMCID: PMC5031308 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinases are important components of signalling pathways, and kinomes have remarkably expanded in plants. Yet, our knowledge of kinase substrates in plants is scarce, partly because tools to analyse protein phosphorylation dynamically are limited. Here we describe Kinase-Associated Phosphoisoform Assay, a flexible experimental method for directed experiments to study specific kinase-substrate interactions in vivo. The concept is based on the differential phosphoisoform distribution of candidate substrates transiently expressed with or without co-expression of activated kinases. Phosphorylation status of epitope-tagged proteins is subsequently detected by high-resolution capillary isoelectric focusing coupled with nanofluidic immunoassay, which is capable of detecting subtle changes in isoform distribution. RESULTS The concept is validated by showing phosphorylation of the known mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) substrate, ACS6, by MPK6. Next, we demonstrate that two transcription factors, WUS and AP2, both of which are shown to be master regulators of plant development by extensive genetic studies, exist in multiple isoforms in plant cells and are phosphorylated by activated MAPKs. CONCLUSION As plant development flexibly responds to environmental conditions, phosphorylation of developmental regulators by environmentally-activated kinases may participate in linking external cues to developmental regulation. As a counterpart of advances in unbiased screening methods to identify potential protein kinase substrates, such as phosphoproteomics and computational predictions, our results expand the candidate-based experimental toolkit for kinase research and provide an alternative in vivo approach to existing in vitro methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dory
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Doleschall
- Department of Pathogenetics, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122, Ráth György u. 7-9, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia K. Nagy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1094, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helga Ambrus
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1094, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group for Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Barnabás
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Róbert Dóczi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-2462, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, Hungary
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18
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Hermans SM, Grant AD, Chihota V, Lewis JJ, Vynnycky E, Churchyard GJ, Fielding KL. The timing of tuberculosis after isoniazid preventive therapy among gold miners in South Africa: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2016; 14:45. [PMID: 27004413 PMCID: PMC4804575 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in preventing tuberculosis (TB) is limited in high-prevalence settings. The underlying mechanism (reactivation of persistent latent TB or reinfection) is not known. We aimed to investigate the timing of TB incidence during and after IPT and associated risk factors in a very high TB and HIV-prevalence setting, and to compare the observed rate with a modelled estimate of TB incidence rate after IPT due to reinfection. METHODS In a post-hoc analysis of a cluster-randomized trial of community-wide IPT among South African gold miners, all intervention arm participants that were dispensed IPT for at least one of the intended 9 months were included. An incident TB case was defined as any participant with a positive sputum smear or culture, or with a clinical TB diagnosis assigned by a senior study clinician. Crude TB incidence rates were calculated during and after IPT, overall and by follow-up time. HIV status was not available. Multivariable Cox regression was used to analyse risk factors by follow-up time after IPT. Estimates from a published mathematical model of trial data were used to calculate the average reinfection TB incidence in the first year after IPT. RESULTS Among 18,520 participants (96% male, mean age 41 years, median follow-up 2.1 years), 708 developed TB. The TB incidence rate during the intended IPT period was 1.3/100 person-years (pyrs; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-1.6) and afterwards 2.3/100 pyrs (95% CI, 1.9-2.7). TB incidence increased within 6 months followed by a stable rate over time. There was no evidence for changing risk factors for TB disease over time after miners stopped IPT. The average TB incidence rate attributable to reinfection in the first year was estimated at 1.3/100 pyrs, compared to an observed rate of 2.2/100 pyrs (95% CI, 1.8-2.7). CONCLUSIONS The durability of protection by IPT was lost within 6-12 months in this setting with a high HIV prevalence and a high annual risk of M. tuberculosis infection. The observed rate was higher than the modelled rate, suggesting that reactivation of persistent latent infection played a role in the rapid return to baseline TB incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine M. Hermans
- />TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- />Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- />Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alison D. Grant
- />TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- />The School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- />School of Nursing & Public Health (Africa Centre for Population Health), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Violet Chihota
- />The School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- />Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - James J. Lewis
- />TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emilia Vynnycky
- />TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- />Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Gavin J. Churchyard
- />TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- />The School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- />Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
- />Advancing Care and Treatment for TB and HIV, MRC Collaborating Centre of Excellence, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Katherine L. Fielding
- />TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- />The School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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19
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Carrazza S, Forte S, Kassabov Z, Rojo J. Specialized minimal PDFs for optimized LHC calculations. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2016; 76:205. [PMID: 28260973 PMCID: PMC5312169 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a methodology for the construction of parton distribution functions (PDFs) designed to provide an accurate representation of PDF uncertainties for specific processes or classes of processes with a minimal number of PDF error sets: specialized minimal PDF sets, or SM-PDFs. We construct these SM-PDFs in such a way that sets corresponding to different input processes can be combined without losing information, specifically as regards their correlations, and that they are robust upon smooth variations of the kinematic cuts. The proposed strategy never discards information, so that the SM-PDF sets can be enlarged by the addition of new processes, until the prior PDF set is eventually recovered for a large enough set of processes. We illustrate the method by producing SM-PDFs tailored to Higgs, top-quark pair, and electroweak gauge boson physics, and we determine that, when the PDF4LHC15 combined set is used as the prior, around 11, 4, and 11 Hessian eigenvectors, respectively, are enough to fully describe the corresponding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Carrazza
- TIF Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133 Italy
- Sezione di Milano, INFN, Via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133 Italy
- Theory Department, CERN, Geneva, 1211 Switzerland
| | - Stefano Forte
- TIF Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133 Italy
- Sezione di Milano, INFN, Via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133 Italy
| | - Zahari Kassabov
- TIF Lab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133 Italy
- Sezione di Milano, INFN, Via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133 Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, Turin, 10125 Italy
- Sezione di Torino, INFN, Via Pietro Giuria 1, Turin, 10125 Italy
| | - Juan Rojo
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, OX1 3NP Oxford, UK
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