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Zhou Z, Cartwright I, Morgenstern U, Fifield LK. Integrating major ion geochemistry, stable isotopes ( 18O, 2H) and radioactive isotopes ( 222Rn, 14C, 36Cl, 3H) to understand the interaction between catchment waters and an intermittent river. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:167998. [PMID: 37918721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Determining the locations and sources of baseflow and the transit times of water is important for understanding catchment behaviour and functioning. Major ion geochemistry, stable isotopes (18O and 2H), and radioisotopes (222Rn, 3H, 14C, and 36Cl) were used to investigate the sources and transit times of water in the upper catchment of the intermittent Avoca River in southeast Australia. 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations implied the presence of baseflow inputs and the distribution was mainly controlled by local topography. Fluctuation of Cl concentrations implied that low-salinity near-river water was an important component of baseflow. The 3H activities of laterally disconnected pool waters during the summer months were 1.64 to 5.11 TU. The higher of these values exceed those of average annual rainfall (2.8-3.2 TU), probably due to the input of later winter to spring rainfall. The stream water had 3H activities ranging from 2.21 to 2.40 TU in July and 2.39 to 2.77 TU in August, which yield mean transit times of 4.0 to 7.0 years and 1.4 to 4.8 years respectively. These 3H activities were significantly higher than those of regional groundwater (3H activities <0.1 TU), implying that the river is largely sustained by young near-river stores at all flow conditions. Regional groundwater had 14C activities of 34.0 to 98.1 pMC, which yield mean residence times of up to 12,900 years. R36Cl values of regional groundwater (50.9-61.9 × 10-15) were higher than those of modern rainfall, probably reflecting the R36Cl values of recharge. Similar R36Cl values of the pool and stream water (33.3-58.7 × 10-15) implied that some Cl is derived from the regional groundwater influx. As with other intermittent streams in southeast Australia, the upper Avoca River was mainly sustained by relatively small water stores, and it will be vulnerable to short-term changes in climate and land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhou
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Ian Cartwright
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - L Keith Fifield
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Accelerator Applications, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Torbenson MC, Brázdil R, Stagge JH, Esper J, Büntgen U, Vizina A, Hanel M, Rakovec O, Fischer M, Urban O, Treml V, Reinig F, Martinez del Castillo E, Rybníček M, Kolář T, Trnka M. Increasing volatility of reconstructed Morava River warm-season flow, Czech Republic. J Hydrol Reg Stud 2023; 50:101534. [PMID: 38145056 PMCID: PMC10739599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Study region The Morava River basin, Czech Republic, Danube Basin, Central Europe. Study focus Hydrological summer extremes represent a prominent natural hazard in Central Europe. River low flows constrain transport and water supply for agriculture, industry and society, and flood events are known to cause material damage and human loss. However, understanding changes in the frequency and magnitude of hydrological extremes is associated with great uncertainty due to the limited number of gauge observations. Here, we compile a tree-ring network to reconstruct the July-September baseflow variability of the Morava River from 1745 to 2018 CE. An ensemble of reconstructions was produced to assess the impact of calibration period length and trend on the long-term mean of reconstruction estimates. The final estimates represent the first baseflow reconstruction based on tree rings from the European continent. Simulated flows and historical documentation provide quantitative and qualitative validation of estimates prior to the 20th century. New hydrological insights for the region The reconstructions indicate an increased variability of warm-season flow during the past 100 years, with the most extreme high and low flows occurring after the start of instrumental observations. When analyzing the entire reconstruction, the negative trend in baseflow displayed by gauges across the basin after 1960 is not unprecedented. We conjecture that even lower flows could likely occur in the future considering that pre-instrumental trends were not primarily driven by rising temperature (and the evaporative demand) in contrast to the recent trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C.A. Torbenson
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Brázdil
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James H. Stagge
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Jan Esper
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Adam Vizina
- T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hanel
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Rakovec
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Milan Fischer
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Reinig
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Topaz T, Ben-Ari J, Banchik EK, Bassa O, Egozi R, Suari Y, Sade T, Zedaka H, Gilboa M, Yahel G, Chefetz B. Pesticides and pharmaceuticals data collected during two consecutive years in a Mediterranean micro-estuary. Data Brief 2023; 50:109456. [PMID: 37600597 PMCID: PMC10432598 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Alexander micro-estuary, located at the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea, is a typical example of small water bodies that suffer from a combination of urban and agricultural pollution, and overuse of its natural water sources. It is∼6.5 km long, with maximum depth of 3 m and maximum width of 45 m. To evaluate the anthropogenic stress on the system and its ability to mitigate pollution, water samples were collected within the framework of Ruppin's Estuarine and Coastal Observatory [1]. Water samples were collected from the estuary head, which drains about 510 km2, and at a point 300 m upstream from the estuary mouth before water flows into the Mediterranean Sea. A total of 236 stormwater and 44 base-flow water samples between December 2016 and December 2018. Stormwater samples were collected every 0.25 - 4 h along the entire course of the flow events using an automated samplers (Sigma 900, Hach Company, Loveland CO, USA; and ISCO 3700 Full-Size Portable Sampler, Teledyne, Lincoln, NE, USA). Base-flow samples were taken once a month using a horizontal grab sampler (5 L, model 110B, OceanTest Equipment, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA). All samples were filtered using 90mmGF/F filters (nominal pore size of 0.7 µm, MGF, Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany) and immediately frozen (-20°C) before chemical analysis. Chemical analysis was performed using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis using a QExactive Plus hybrid FT mass spectrometer coupled with a Dionex Ultimate 3000 RS UPLC (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The targeted analysis, which included 15 fungicides, 25 herbicides, 18 Insecticides, and 19 pharmaceuticals, concluded with a total of 21,142 entries. All entries are organized in a worksheet, along with location, date, flood section duration, discharge rate, and the total water volume discharged during the relevant period. The provided data offers an opportunity to explore the sources, transport, and impact of a large mixture of organic pollutants in a confined aquatic system located in an urbanized coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Topaz
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Julius Ben-Ari
- The Interdepartmental Analytical Unit, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Evgenia Kertsnus Banchik
- The Interdepartmental Analytical Unit, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Or Bassa
- Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Roey Egozi
- The Soil Erosion Research Station, Soil Conservation and Drainage Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Yair Suari
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Tal Sade
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Hadar Zedaka
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Merav Gilboa
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Gitai Yahel
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Zarnaghsh A, Husic A. An index for inferring dominant transport pathways of solutes and sediment: Assessing land use impacts with high-frequency conductivity and turbidity sensor data. Sci Total Environ 2023:164931. [PMID: 37343889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Land use change threatens aquatic ecosystems through freshwater salinization and sediment pollution. Effective river management requires an understanding of the dominant hydrologic pathways of sediment and solute delivery. To address this, we applied hysteresis analysis, hydrograph separation, and linear regression to hundreds of events across a decade of specific conductance and turbidity data from three streams along a rural-to-urban gradient. Thereafter, we developed an index (βrunoff') to quantify the relative influence of surface runoff to event-scale suspended sediment generation, where a value of '1' indicates complete alignment of suspended sediment generation with the temporal structure of runoff whereas '0' indicates total alignment with baseflow. Solute hysteresis results showed a predominance of dilution for the rural and mixed-use streams irrespective of road salt presence. On the other hand, urban stream behavior shifted from dilution to flushing following salt application, which was largely driven by greater runoff coefficients and the connectivity of distal solutes to the stream corridor. The newly developed index (βrunoff') indicated that suspended sediment dynamics were more aligned with runoff in all three streams: rural stream (βrunoff' = 0.70), mixed stream (βrunoff' = 0.57), and urban stream (βrunoff' = 0.64). The relative importance of baseflow to sediment generation grows slightly in urbanizing streams, as impervious surfaces disconnect upland sediment, which would otherwise transport with runoff, while piston-flow baseflow erodes exposed streambanks. Our findings emphasize the need to consider the impact of human modification of the landscape on solute and sediment transport in freshwater systems for effective water quality management. Further, our βrunoff' index provides a useful tool for assessing the relative influence of surface runoff on event-scale solute or sediment generation in streams, supporting river management and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zarnaghsh
- Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, United States of America
| | - A Husic
- Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Kansas, United States of America.
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5
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Ross CA, Phillips AK, Gospodyn L, Oswald CJ, Wellen CC, Sorichetti RJ. Improving the representation of stream water sources in surrogate nutrient models with water isotope data. Sci Total Environ 2023:164544. [PMID: 37270007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An important part of meeting nutrient reduction goals in the lower Great Lakes basin and assessing the success of different land management strategies is modeling nutrient losses from agricultural land. This study aimed to improve the representation of water source contributions to streamflow in generalized additive models for predicting nutrient fluxes from three headwater agricultural streams in southern Ontario monitored during the Multi-Watershed Nutrient Study (MWNS). The previous development of these models represented baseflow contributions to streamflow using the baseflow proportion derived using an uncalibrated recursive digital filter. Recursive digital filters are commonly used to partition stream discharge into separate components from slower and faster pathways. In this study, we calibrated the recursive digital filter using stream water source information from stable isotopes of oxygen in water. Across sites, optimization of the filter parameters reduced bias in baseflow estimates by as much as 68 %. In most cases, calibrating the filter also improved agreement between filter-derived baseflow and baseflow calculated from isotope and streamflow data: the average Kling-Gupta Efficiencies using default and calibrated parameters were 0.44 and 0.82, respectively. When incorporated into the generalized additive models, the revised baseflow proportion predictor was more often statistically significant, improved model parsimony, and reduced prediction uncertainty. Moreover, this information allowed for a more rigorous interpretation of how different stream water sources influence nutrient losses from the agricultural MWNS watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Ross
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada.
| | - A K Phillips
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Gospodyn
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - C J Oswald
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - C C Wellen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - R J Sorichetti
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Chen H, Huang S, Xu YP, Teegavarapu RSV, Guo Y, Nie H, Xie H, Zhang L. River ecological flow early warning forecasting using baseflow separation and machine learning in the Jiaojiang River Basin, Southeast China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163571. [PMID: 37087001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ecological flow early warning is crucial for the rational management of watershed water resources. However, determining of accurate ecological flow threshold and choosing the appropriate forecasting model are challenging tasks. In this study, we initially developed a baseflow separation and Tennant method-based technique for calculating ecological river flow. Then an ecological flow early warning model was created using the machine learning technique based on distributed gradient enhancement framework (LightGBM). Finally, we utilized the framework of Shapley Additive Planning (SHAP) to explain how various hydrometeorological factors affect the variations in ecological flow conditions. The Jiaojiang River basin in southeast China is selected as the study area, and the hydrological stations in upstream of Baizhiao (BZA) and Shaduan (SD) are chosen for key analysis. The results of these applications show that the monthly baseflow frequency of the river ecological flow conditions of the two stations in the dry season is 20 % (7.49 m3/s) and 30 % (4.79 m3/s), respectively. The ecological flow level early warning forecasting accuracy is close to 90 % in the BZA and SD stations during dry and wet seasons. The variations of ecological flow are most affected by evaporation and base flow index. The results of this study can serve as a strong basis for the effective allocation and utilization of locally available water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Utilization and Sustainable Development of Water Resources, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Saihua Huang
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Utilization and Sustainable Development of Water Resources, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yue-Ping Xu
- Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ramesh S V Teegavarapu
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
| | - Yuxue Guo
- Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hui Nie
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Utilization and Sustainable Development of Water Resources, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Huawei Xie
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Utilization and Sustainable Development of Water Resources, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Luqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Hydrographic Technology Development and Operation Company, Hangzhou 310009, China
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7
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He S, Yan Y, Yu K, Xin X, Guzman SM, Lu J, He Z. Baseflow estimation based on a self-adaptive non-linear reservoir algorithm in a rainy watershed of eastern China. J Environ Manage 2023; 332:117379. [PMID: 36724598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate baseflow estimation is critical for water resources evaluation and management, and non-point source pollution quantification. Nonlinear reservoir algorithm (NRA) has been increasingly applied to baseflow separation because of its good approximation to the real groundwater discharge (commonly dominated by the unconfined aquifer) in most watersheds. However, in the rainy regions, large uncertainties may remain in the traditional NRA-separated baseflow sequences due to its empirical transition function for the rising limb of discharge process, and the evident variations of baseflow recession in the initial period of the falling limb caused by the disturbance from surface flow or rainfall events. To improve the reliability of baseflow separation, a self-adaptive non-linear reservoir algorithm (SA-NRA) was developed in this study based on the NRA, a self-adaptive groundwater discharge modified parameter, and the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO). The validation of SA-NRA in a rainy watershed of eastern China showed that SA-NRA could be the approach to provide a goodness-of-fit for baseflow recession behaviors in the rainy regions. The traditional NRA and Eckhardt's two-parameter recursive digital filter (ERDF), calibrated (or validated) only with the pure baseflow recession data, can hardly provide reliable baseflow predictions for the non-pure baseflow recession periods (including the rising limb and the falling limb with surface flow or rainfall disturbance) due to the apparent variations of baseflow recession behavior. Therefore, more attentions should be paid to the uncertainties of baseflow separation for the non-pure baseflow recession periods in the rainy regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjia He
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China; University of Florida-IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ke Yu
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- University of Florida-IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Sandra M Guzman
- University of Florida-IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- China Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenli He
- University of Florida-IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
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Tian YQ, Yu Q, Carrick HJ, Becker BL, Confesor R, Francek M, Anderson OC. Analysis of spatiotemporal variation in dissolved organic carbon concentrations for streams with cropland-dominated watersheds. Sci Total Environ 2023; 861:160744. [PMID: 36493833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It remains a challenge to understand how dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is cycled from farmlands to rivers due to the complex interaction between farming practices, the baseflow hydrology of predominantly flat lowlands, and seasonal environmental influences such as snowpack. To address this, field DOC concentrations were measured monthly throughout the year at sub-basin scales across the Chippewa River Watershed, which falls within the Corn Belt of the Midwestern United States. These DOC dynamics in stream water from croplands were benchmarked against the data sampled from hilly forested areas in the Connecticut River Watershed. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) simulation was applied to provide potential predictive variables associated with daily baseflow. Our study outlines a framework using the combination of primary field data, hydrological modeling, and knowledge-based reclassification of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) data to analyze the viability of modeling the spatial and temporal variations of cropland stream DOC concentrations. Calibration of the SWAT model resulted in the overall daily Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 0.67 and the corresponding R2 = 0.89. Our main results show: 1) baseflow DOC concentrations from croplands were substantially higher throughout the year relative to other landcover areas, especially for spring runoff/snowmelt scenarios, 2) an empirical analysis explained ~82 % of the spatial gradient of annual mean observed DOC concentrations, and 3) with the addition of hydrological simulated variables, a linear model explained ~81 % of monthly and 54 % of daily variations of observed DOC concentrations for cropland sub-basins. Our study identified key factors regulating the spatiotemporal DOC concentrations in cropland streamflow; the contribution here promotes to strengthen future analytical models that link watershed characteristics to carbon cycling processes in a large freshwater ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Q Tian
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, MI 48858, United States of America.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
| | - Hunter J Carrick
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, MI 48858, United States of America
| | - Brian L Becker
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, MI 48858, United States of America
| | - Remegio Confesor
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway
| | - Mark Francek
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, MI 48858, United States of America
| | - Olivia C Anderson
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, MI 48858, United States of America
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9
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Pan Z, Hu M, Shen H, Wu H, Zhou J, Wu K, Chen D. Quantifying groundwater phosphorus flux to rivers in a typical agricultural watershed in eastern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:19873-19889. [PMID: 36242662 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that groundwater can contain high dissolved phosphorus (P) concentrations, thereby contributing as a potential pollution source for surface waters. However, limited quantitative knowledge is available concerning groundwater P fluxes to rivers. Based on monthly hydrochemical monitoring data for rivers and groundwater in 2017-2020, this study combined baseflow separation methods and a load apportionment model (LAM) to quantify contributions from point sources, surface runoff, and groundwater/subsurface runoff to riverine P pollution in a typical agricultural watershed of eastern China. In the studied Shuanggang River, most total P (TP) and dissolved P (DP) concentrations exceeded targeted water quality standards (i.e., TP ≤ 0.2 mg P L-1, DP ≤ 0.05 mg P L-1), with DP (76 ± 20%) being the major riverine P form. Observed DP concentrations in groundwater were generally higher than those of river waters. There was a strong correlation between river and groundwater P concentrations, implying that groundwater might be a considerable P pollution source to rivers. The nonlinear reservoir algorithm estimated that baseflow/groundwater contributed 66-68% of monthly riverine water discharge on average, which was consistent with results estimated by an isotope-based sine-wave fitting method. The LAM incorporating point sources, surface runoff, and groundwater effectively predicted daily riverine TP [calibration: coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.76-0.82, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 0.61-0.77; validation: R2 = 0.88-0.98, NSE = 0.54-0.64] and DP loads (calibration: R2 = 0.73-0.84, NSE = 0.67-0.72; validation: R2 = 0.88-0.97, NSE = 0.56-0.83). The LAM estimated point source, surface runoff, and groundwater contributions to riverine loads were 15-18%, 14-35%, and 46-70% for TP loads and 7-9%, 10-32%, and 59-82% for DP loads, respectively. Groundwater was the dominant riverine P source due to long-term accumulation of P from excess fertilizer and farmyard manure applications. The developed methodology provides an alternative method for quantifying P pollution loads from point sources, surface runoff, and groundwater to rivers. This study highlights the importance of controlling groundwater P pollution from agricultural lands to address riverine water quality objectives and further implies that decreasing fertilizer P application rates and utilizing legacy soil P for crop uptake are required to reduce groundwater P loads to rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Pan
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minpeng Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kaibin Wu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dingjiang Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji, 313399, China.
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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10
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Li H, Wang W, Fu J, Wei J. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and attributions of streamflow and baseflow changes across the headstreams of the Tarim River Basin, Northwest China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159230. [PMID: 36208752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding spatiotemporal heterogeneity of streamflow and baseflow and revealing their changes contributed by climatic factors and human activities in the alpine region of inland river basin are critical for regional water management. However, the hydrology heterogeneity in the alpine region has remained unclear, which limits the scientific understanding of the interaction mechanism between the hydrological cycle and terrain, and further constrains the effective utilization of regional water resources in the water-shortage areas. In this study, the hydrological process and regimes for headstreams of Tarim River Basin (HTRB) during 1985-2011 were simulated by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. We systematically characterized the spatial and temporal patterns of streamflow and baseflow through geostatistical and trend analyses, and subsequently investigated their heterogeneity responses to climate change and human activities at different sub-basins and elevation zones. Results show that the spatial distributions of streamflow and baseflow are highly related to terrain and river direction. Increased trends in precipitation enhanced with altitude, whereas decreased trends in potential evapotranspiration (PET) weakened with altitude, meanwhile, increased trends in streamflow and baseflow of HTRB are most pronounced in mid-altitude areas during 1985-2011. The climate elasticities of streamflow and baseflow are highly reliant on the altitudinal gradient. Increases in streamflow and baseflow in high-lying areas are more sensitive to precipitation variation, while they are more sensitive to PET change in low-lying areas. The magnitude and change rate with altitude bands of the precipitation has greater effects on streamflow and baseflow variations than those of PET. Furthermore, the percentage of sub-basins where climate changes dominate streamflow variation in each elevation band increases with height but decreases abruptly at elevations above 5000 m. The percentage of sub-basins where climate changes dominate baseflow variations gradually decreases in elevation bands above 3000 m. Our results indicate that climate change rather than human activities dominants the variation in streamflow and baseflow in most sub-basins and elevation bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Jianyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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11
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Brighenti TM, Gassman PW, Schilling KE, Srinivasan R, Liebman M, Thompson JR. Determination of accurate baseline representation for three Central Iowa watersheds within a HAWQS-based SWAT analyses. Sci Total Environ 2022; 839:156302. [PMID: 35640760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving food systems to address food insecurity and minimize environmental impacts is still a challenge in the 21st century. Ecohydrological models are a key tool for accurate system representation and impact measurement. We used a multi-phase testing approach to represent baseline hydrologic conditions across three agricultural basins that drain parts of north central and central Iowa, U.S.: the Des Moines River Basin (DMRB), the South Skunk River Basin (SSRB), and the North Skunk River Basin (NSRB). The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) ecohydrological model was applied using a framework consisting of the Hydrologic and Water Quality System (HAWQS) online platform, 40 streamflow gauges, the alternative runoff curve number method, additional tile drainage and fertilizer application. In addition, ten SWAT baselines were created to analyze both the HAWQS parameters (baseline 1) and nine alternative baseline configurations (considering the framework). Most of the models achieved acceptable statistical replication of measured (close to the outlet) streamflows, with Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) values ranging up to 0.80 for baseline 9 in the DMRB and SSRB, and 0.78 for baseline 7 in the NSRB. However, water balance and other hydrologic indicators revealed that careful selection of management data and other inputs are essential for obtaining the most accurate representation of baseline conditions for the simulated stream systems. Using cumulative distribution curves as a criterion, baselines 7 to 10 showed the best fit for the SSRB and NSRB, but none of the baselines accurately represented 20% of low flows for the DMRB. Analysis of snowmelt and growing season periods showed that baselines 3 and 4 resulted in poor simulations across all three basins using four common statistical measures (NS, KGE, Pbias, and R2), and that baseline 9 was characterized by the most satisfactory statistical results, followed by baselines 5, 7 and 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Mattos Brighenti
- Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.
| | - Philip W Gassman
- Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.
| | - Keith E Schilling
- Iowa Geological Survey, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.
| | - Raghavan Srinivasan
- Departments of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Matt Liebman
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.
| | - Jan R Thompson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.
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12
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Guan T, Xue B, A Y, Lai X, Li X, Zhang H, Wang G, Fang Q. Contribution of nonpoint source pollution from baseflow of a typical agriculture-intensive basin in northern China. Environ Res 2022; 212:113589. [PMID: 35661734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Baseflow is an essential component of total surface runoff that is widely considered one of the most influential factors regarding water quality via nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. Previously, many researchers and policy makers have directed their efforts toward surface runoff pollution, largely ignoring nutrient delivery via baseflow. Taking a typical agriculture-intensive basin of northern China as an example, this study explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of baseflow and pollution load in relation to NPS pollution. Baseflow was quantified using digital filtering techniques, and the results together with observed pollution data were used to validate a physically based hydrological model, i.e., the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Then, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of NPS and baseflow pollution were investigated using the modeling results. Results indicated that baseflow contribution to total runoff accounted for more than 70% during the studied years (2016-2018), and 84.15% of the basin area showed non-point source pollution dominated by baseflow pollution; both baseflow and its pollution load were greater in the nonflood seasons (spring, autumn, and winter) than in the flood season (summer); the spatial distribution of baseflow total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution intensity showed higher values in the east and lower values in the west; the scaling effects of baseflow and its pollution load was found with increasing basin area. The results of our study highlighted the necessity for management of pollution load via baseflow in the river basin and provided reference information for improvement of NPS pollution management in other similar basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiesheng Guan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Baolin Xue
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yinglan A
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Lai
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qingqing Fang
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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13
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Zhou Z, Cartwright I. Using geochemistry to identify and quantify the sources, distribution, and fluxes of baseflow to an intermittent river impacted by climate change: The upper Wimmera River, southeast Australia. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149725. [PMID: 34428656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Documenting the distribution, sources and fluxes of baseflow discharge into rivers is important for their management and for maintaining ecosystem health. This study uses major ion geochemistry, 222Rn, and 3H to differentiate between the input of low-salinity near-river waters (bank storage and return waters and/or interflow) and regional groundwater in an intermittent river from southeast Australia that is undergoing long-term changes in flow resulting from climate change. Baseflow discharge calculated by 222Rn mass balance was up to 1.3 m3/m/day in the high flow period in July 2019 and up to 0.1 m3/m/day at low flow conditions in November 2019. The distribution of 222Rn activities implies higher baseflow fluxes in the upper and middle reaches that have relatively steep topography and higher hydraulic gradients. The lower reaches received less baseflow due to subdued topography and fine-grained sediments. The observation that Cl concentrations did not increase uniformly downstream, however, implies that much of the baseflow may comprise bank return flow or interflow. This conclusion is also consistent with water mass balance calculations and the observation that 3H activities (1.85-3.00 TU) in the river were higher than in the groundwater (<0.45 TU). Intermittent streams are likely to be less well connected to regional groundwater, and thus near-river water stores will be more important in sustaining streamflow during dry periods than regional groundwater. These rivers and their ecosystems may be less susceptible to the impacts of groundwater extraction and the near-river waters will provide a buffer zone from potentially contaminated regional groundwater. However, these near river stores are vulnerable to short-term climate variability, and changes to flow regimes resulting from climate change may significantly impact water supplies and ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhou
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Ian Cartwright
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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14
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Ayers JR, Villarini G, Schilling K, Jones C. Development of statistical models for estimating daily nitrate load in Iowa. Sci Total Environ 2021; 782:146643. [PMID: 33838365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing need to increase our understanding of the sources and timing of stream nitrate loads across agricultural watersheds in Iowa as water quality improvement strategies are implemented. The goal of this study was to model the relationship between nitrate load and the two components of streamflow (i.e., baseflow and stormflow) to quantify in-stream nitrate patterns and develop a new method for estimating loads on days when monitoring data are not available. We analyzed eight watersheds in Iowa that had long-term water quality data where grab samples have been collected from 1987 to 2019. Four regression models were developed that related daily nitrate load to daily baseflow, stormflow, and streamflow discharge. The first model considered baseflow as a predictor, the second model used stormflow, the third model included both baseflow and stormflow as two different covariates, and the final model used total streamflow (unseparated). For all eight watersheds, the baseflowstormflow models had the highest correlation coefficients, which indicates that both components are necessary and together improve nitrate load estimates. While baseflow models estimated lower nitrate loads better, stormflow models captured the variability associated with larger loads. In addition, streamflow models tended to overestimate large nitrate loads. This simple modeling framework can be used to calculate daily, monthly and annual nitrate loads. Delineating nitrate loads between stormflow and baseflow can help identify differences in nitrate sources for nutrient reduction and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Ayers
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| | - Gabriele Villarini
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Keith Schilling
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Iowa Geological Survey, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christopher Jones
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Iowa Geological Survey, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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15
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Zuo S, Yang L, Dou P, Ho HC, Dai S, Ma W, Ren Y, Huang C. The direct and interactive impacts of hydrological factors on bacillary dysentery across different geographical regions in central China. Sci Total Environ 2021; 764:144609. [PMID: 33385650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found non-linear mutual interactions among hydrometeorological factors on diarrheal disease. However, the complex interactions of the hydrometeorological, topographical and human activity factors need to be further explored. This study aimed to reveal how hydrological and other factors jointly influence bacillary dysentery in different geographical regions. Using Anhui Province in China, consisted of Huaibei plain, Jianghuai hilly and Wannan mountainous regions, we integrated multi-source data (6 meteorological, 3 hydrological, 2 topographic, and 9 socioeconomic variables) to explore the direct and interactive relationship between hydrological factors (quick flow, baseflow and local recharge) and other factors by combining the ecosystem model InVEST with spatial statistical analysis. The results showed hydrological factors had significant impact powers (q = 0.444 (Huaibei plain) for local recharge, 0.412 (Jianghuai hilly region) and 0.891 (Wannan mountainous region) for quick flow, respectively) on bacillary dysentery in different regions, but lost powers at provincial level. Land use and soil properties have created significant interactions with hydrological factors across Anhui province. Particularly, percentage of farmland in Anhui province can influence quick flow across Jianghuai, Wannan regions and the whole province, and it also has significant interactions with the baseflow and local recharge across the plain as well as the whole province. Percentage of urban areas had interactions with baseflow and local recharge in Jianghuai and Wannan regions. Additionally, baseflow and local recharge could be interacted with meteorological factors (e.g. temperature and wind speed), while these interactions varied in different regions. In conclusion, it was evident that hydrological factors had significant impacts on bacillary dysentery, and also interacted significantly with meteorological and socioeconomic factors. This study applying ecosystem model and spatial analysis help reveal the complex and nonlinear transmission of bacillary dysentery in different geographical regions, supporting the development of precise public health interventions with consideration of hydrological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianping Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Panfeng Dou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Dai
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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He S, Lu J. Dissolved phosphorus export through baseflow in an intensively cultivated agricultural watershed of eastern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12802-3. [PMID: 33634396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inputs of phosphorus (P) during baseflow period usually come from groundwater, bed sediments, and some other sources. Baseflow P can have critical effects on nutrient enrichment of surface waters in some intensively cultivated agricultural watersheds. This study was conducted to estimate the baseflow dissolved phosphorus (DP) export in a typical rainy agricultural watershed of eastern China using a recursive tracing source algorithm (RTSA) and reveal the rules and trends of baseflow DP loads and concentrations. Results indicated that RTSA provided a satisfactory prediction for baseflow DP load (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) = 0.72, R2 = 0.74). From 2003 to 2012, the annual baseflow DP loads ranged from 0.159 (2004) to 0.771 (2012) kg/ha which contributed about 64.3% of the mean total annual DP export in stream (0.597 kg/ha). The annual flow-weighted DP concentrations in streamflow (0.076-0.125 mg/L) and baseflow (0.076-0.137 mg/L) far exceeded the eutrophication threshold of DP (0.01 mg/L). Significantly increasing trends were obtained in the streamflow and baseflow DP loads and the flow-weighted concentrations (Mann-Kendall test, Zs > 2.56, p < 0.01) because of the changes of hydro-meteorological conditions. This indicates that, in the context of global climate change, baseflow DP export would be one of key issues for nonpoint source pollution control in the intensive agricultural watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjia He
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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17
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Topaz T, Egozi R, Suari Y, Ben-Ari J, Sade T, Chefetz B, Yahel G. Environmental risk dynamics of pesticides toxicity in a Mediterranean micro-estuary. Environ Pollut 2020; 265:114941. [PMID: 32806444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are potentially toxic to aquatic systems, even at low concentration, depending on their individual ecotoxicological properties and their mixture composition. Thus, to evaluate possible ecological stress due to pesticide load, a thorough assessment of the potential toxicity of pesticide mixtures is required. Here we report water discharge and quality data of an eastern Mediterranean micro-estuary (Alexander stream), targeting the temporal distribution of a pesticide mixture. Over 150 water samples were collected during 2 hydrological years representing base-flow and flood conditions. On average, each water sample contained 34 and 45 different pesticides with peak concentrations of 1.4 μg L-1 of Imidacloprid and 55 μg L-1 of Diuron during base-flow and flood events, respectively. Pesticide mixtures were potentially toxic to benthic invertebrates and algae during flood events, surpassing the toxicity benchmark with medians of 110% and 155%, respectively. The herbicide Diuron and the insecticide Imidacloprid were the main pesticides responsible for the high potential toxicity during flood events. The falling limb of the flood hydrographs was found to inflict the highest stress on the estuarine environment due to elevated toxicity combined with prolonged residence time of the water. Examination of the potential chronic toxicity of single compounds showed continuous stress for plants, algae, amphibians, crustaceans, insects and fish from nine pesticides. Our data show that the ecosystem of the Alexander micro-estuary is under a continuous chronic stress with acute peaks in potential toxicity during flood events and the period that follows them. We propose that analyzing a small set of flood-tail samples is needed for the evaluation of small estuarine ecosystems risk during the rainy season. From a management perspective, we suggest better control of application practices for Diuron in the watershed to minimize the stress to the estuarine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Topaz
- Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel; Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Roey Egozi
- The Soil Erosion Research Station, Soil Conservation and Drainage Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Yair Suari
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Julius Ben-Ari
- The Interdepartmental Analytical Unit, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tal Sade
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Gitai Yahel
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret, 402970, Israel
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18
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Hamel P, Valencia J, Schmitt R, Shrestha M, Piman T, Sharp RP, Francesconi W, Guswa AJ. Modeling seasonal water yield for landscape management: Applications in Peru and Myanmar. J Environ Manage 2020; 270:110792. [PMID: 32721288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A common objective of watershed management programs is to secure water supply, especially during the dry season. To develop such programs in contexts of low data and resource availability, program managers need tools to understand the effect of landscape management on the seasonal water balance. However, the performance of simple, parsimonious models is poorly understood. Here, we examine the behavior of a geospatial tool, developed to map monthly water budgets and baseflow contributions and forming part of the InVEST (integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs) software suite. The model uses monthly climate, topography, and land-use data to compute spatial indices of groundwater recharge, baseflow, and quickflow. We illustrate the model application in two large basins in Peru and Myanmar, where we compare results with observed data and alternative hydrologic models. We show that the spatial distribution of baseflow contributions correlated well with an established model in the Peruvian basin (r2 = 0.81 at the parcel scale). In Myanmar, the model shows an overall satisfactory performance for representing month to month variation (Nash-Sutcliffe-Efficiency 0.6-0.8); however, errors are scale dependent highlighting limitations in representing processes in large basins. Our study highlights modeling challenges, in particular trade-offs between model complexity and accuracy, and illustrates the role that parsimonious models can play to support watershed management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Hamel
- The Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Jefferson Valencia
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira. Z.C. 763537 - A.A., 6713, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Rafael Schmitt
- The Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Manish Shrestha
- Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Asia Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Thanapon Piman
- Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Asia Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Richard P Sharp
- The Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Wendy Francesconi
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Av. La Molina, 1895, La Molina, Lima, Peru.
| | - Andrew J Guswa
- Picker Engineering Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, 01063, USA.
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19
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Jeon DJ, Pachepsky Y, Coppock C, Harriger MD, Zhu R, Wells E. Temporal stability of E. coli and Enterococci concentrations in a Pennsylvania creek. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:4021-4031. [PMID: 31823255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial quality of irrigation waters is a substantial food safety factor. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococci are used as the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) to assess microbial water quality. Analysis of temporally stable patterns of FIB can facilitate effective monitoring of microbial water quality. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of E. coli and Enterococci concentrations in a large creek traversing diverse land use areas and (2) to explore the presence of temporally stable FIB concentration patterns along the creek. Concentrations of both FIB were measured weekly at five water monitoring locations along the 20-km long creek reach in Pennsylvania at baseflow for three years. The temporal stability was assessed using mean relative deviations of logarithms of FIB concentration from the average across the reach measured at the same time. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between logarithms of FIB concentrations on consecutive sampling times was another metric used to assess the temporal stability of FIB concentration patterns. Logarithms of FIB concentrations had sinusoidal dependence on time and significantly correlated with temperature at all locations Both FIB exhibited temporal stability of concentrations. The two most downstream locations in urbanized areas tended to have logarithms of concentrations higher than the average along the observation reach. The location in the upstream forested area had mostly lower concentrations (log E. coli 1.59, log Enterococci 1.69) than average (log E. coli 2.07, log Enterococci 2.20). concentrations in colony-forming units (CFU) (100 mL)-1. Two locations in the agricultural and sparsely urbanized area had these logarithm values close to the average. The temporal stability was more pronounced in cold seasons than in warm seasons. No significant difference was found between pattern determined for each of three observation years and for the entire three-year observation period. The Spearman rank correlations between observations on consecutive dates showed moderate to very strong relationships in most cases. Existence of the temporal stability of FIB concentrations in the creek indicates locations that inform about the average logarithm of concentrations or the geometric mean concentrations along the entire observation reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Jeon
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA.
- Korea Environment Institute, Division for Integrated Water Management, Sejong, South Korea.
| | - Yakov Pachepsky
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Cary Coppock
- USDA-ARS Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - M Dana Harriger
- Wilson College, Division of Integrated Sciences, Chambersburg, PA, USA
| | - Rachael Zhu
- Wilson College, Division of Integrated Sciences, Chambersburg, PA, USA
| | - Edward Wells
- Wilson College, Division of Integrated Sciences, Chambersburg, PA, USA
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20
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Schilling KE, Jones CS. Hydrograph separation of subsurface tile discharge. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:231. [PMID: 30895458 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Baseflow is an important component of streamflow and watershed hydrologic budgets, yet quantifying the baseflow fraction of tile drainage has rarely been reported. In this study, we used two common hydrograph separation methods (local minimum method, recursive digital filter) to separate the discharge hydrographs from three drainage district tiles located in Iowa. Based on data collected from 2009 to 2013, annual baseflow ranged from 116 to 162 mm and comprised approximately 60% of the annual discharge. Baseflow was greatest during June (average of 34% of annual baseflow) and the March through August period produced 86% of the total annual baseflow. We found that the two methods of hydrograph separation produced similar results but the digital filter method was less erratic in estimating baseflow fraction. Study results can be used to better quantify hydrologic pathways in tiled landscapes and improve the design, implementation, and evaluation of nutrient reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Schilling
- Iowa Geological Survey, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Christopher S Jones
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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21
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Vervloet LSC, Binning PJ, Børgesen CD, Højberg AL. Delay in catchment nitrogen load to streams following restrictions on fertilizer application. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:1154-1166. [PMID: 30857080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A MIKE SHE hydrological-solute transport model including nitrate reduction is employed to evaluate the delayed response in nitrogen loads in catchment streams following the implementation of nitrogen mitigation measures since the 1980s. The nitrate transport lag times between the root zone and the streams for the period 1950-2011 were simulated for two catchments in Denmark and compared with observational data. Results include nitrogen concentration and mass discharge to streams. By automated baseflow separation, stream discharge was separated into baseflow and drain flow components, and the nitrogen concentration and mass discharge in baseflow and drain flow were determined. This provided insight on the development of stream nitrogen loads, with a short average lag time in drain flow and a long average lag time in baseflow. The long term effect of nitrogen mitigation measures was determined, with results showing that there is a 15 years long delay in the appearance of peak nitrogen loads in streams. This means that real time stream monitoring data cannot be used alone to assess the effect of nitrogen mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidwien S C Vervloet
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Philip J Binning
- Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelundsvej 101, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Christen D Børgesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Anker L Højberg
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Villeneuve SA, Barbour SL, Hendry MJ, Carey SK. Estimates of water and solute release from a coal waste rock dump in the Elk Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Sci Total Environ 2017; 601-602:543-555. [PMID: 28575832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Long term (1999 to 2014) flow and water quality data from a rock drain located at the base of a coal waste rock dump constructed in the Elk Valley, British Columbia was used to characterize the release of three solutes (NO3-, Cl- and SO42-) from the dump and obtain whole dump estimates of net percolation (NP). The concentrations of dump derived solutes in the rock drain water were diluted by snowmelt waters from the adjacent natural watershed during the spring freshet and reached a maximum concentration during the winter baseflow period. Historical peak baseflow concentrations of conservative ions (NO3- and Cl-) increased until 2006/07 after which they decreased. This decrease was attributed to completion of the flushing of the first pore volume of water stored within the dump. The baseflow SO42- concentrations increased proportionally with NO3- and Cl- to 2007, but then continued to slowly increase as NO3- and Cl- concentrations decreased. This was attributed to ongoing production of SO42- due to oxidation of sulfide minerals within the dump. Based on partitioning of the annual volume of water discharged from the rock drain to waste rock effluent (NP) and water entering the rock drain laterally from the natural watershed, the mean NP values were estimated to be 446±50mm/a (area normalized net percolation/year) for the dump and 172±71mm/a for the natural watershed. The difference was attributed to greater rates of recharge in the dump from summer precipitation compared to the natural watershed where rainfall interception and enhanced evapotranspiration will increase water losses. These estimates included water moving through subsurface pathways. However, given the limitations in quantifying these flows the estimated NP rates for both the natural watershed and the waste rock dump are considered to be low, and could be much higher (e.g. ~450mm/a and ~800mm/a).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Villeneuve
- Department of Civil and Geological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - S L Barbour
- Department of Civil and Geological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - M J Hendry
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - S K Carey
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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23
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Shore M, Murphy S, Mellander PE, Shortle G, Melland AR, Crockford L, O'Flaherty V, Williams L, Morgan G, Jordan P. Influence of stormflow and baseflow phosphorus pressures on stream ecology in agricultural catchments. Sci Total Environ 2017; 590-591:469-483. [PMID: 28284645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stormflow and baseflow phosphorus (P) concentrations and loads in rivers may exert different ecological pressures during different seasons. These pressures and subsequent impacts are important to disentangle in order to target and monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures. This study investigated the influence of stormflow and baseflow P pressures on stream ecology in six contrasting agricultural catchments. A five-year high resolution dataset was used consisting of stream discharge, P chemistry, macroinvertebrate and diatom ecology, supported with microbial source tracking and turbidity data. Total reactive P (TRP) loads delivered during baseflows were low (1-7% of annual loads), but TRP concentrations frequently exceeded the environmental quality standard (EQS) of 0.035mgL-1 during these flows (32-100% of the time in five catchments). A pilot microbial source tracking exercise in one catchment indicated that both human and ruminant faecal effluents were contributing to these baseflow P pressures but were diluted at higher flows. Seasonally, TRP concentrations tended to be highest during summer due to these baseflow P pressures and corresponded well with declines in diatom quality during this time (R2=0.79). Diatoms tended to recover by late spring when storm P pressures were most prevalent and there was a poor relationship between antecedent TRP concentrations and diatom quality in spring (R2=0.23). Seasonal variations were less apparent in the macroinvertebrate indices; however, there was a good relationship between antecedent TRP concentrations and macroinvertebrate quality during spring (R2=0.51) and summer (R2=0.52). Reducing summer point source discharges may be the quickest way to improve ecological river quality, particularly diatom quality in these and similar catchments. Aligning estimates of P sources with ecological impacts and identifying ecological signals which can be attributed to storm P pressures are important next steps for successful management of agricultural catchments at these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Shore
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland; Environment Section, Wexford County Council, Carricklawn, Wexford, Ireland.
| | - Sinead Murphy
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland; Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Ger Shortle
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Alice R Melland
- National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lucy Crockford
- Crops and Environment Section, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lauren Williams
- Aquatic Services Unit, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Ger Morgan
- Aquatic Services Unit, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Phil Jordan
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland; School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Ireland
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24
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Schütte S, Schulze RE. Projected impacts of urbanisation on hydrological resource flows: A case study within the uMngeni Catchment, South Africa. J Environ Manage 2017; 196:527-543. [PMID: 28347971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant land use changes from natural/agricultural to urban land uses have been proposed within the Mpushini/Mkhondeni sub-catchments of the uMngeni Catchment in South Africa. A better understanding of the influences which such land use changes are likely to have on hydrological flows, is required, in order to make informed land use decisions for a sustainable future. As a point of departure, an overview of linkages between urbanisation and hydrological flow responses within this sub-humid study area is given. The urban characteristics of increased impervious areas and the potential return flows from transfers of potable water from outside the catchment were identified as being important in regard to hydrological flow responses. A methodology was developed to model urban response scenarios with urban characteristics as variables, using the daily time-step process based ACRU model. This is a hydrological multi-process model and not an urban hydraulic model and it addresses the landscape as well as the channel components of a catchment, and in addition to runoff components includes evaporation and transpiration losses as outputs. For the study area strong links between proposed urbanisation and hydrological resource flow responses were found, with increases in stormflows, together with increased and more regulated baseflows, and with impacts varying markedly between dry or wet years and by season. The impacts will depend on the fractions of impervious areas, whether or not these are connected to permeable areas, the amount of imported water and water system leaks. Furthermore, the urban hydrological impacts were found to be relatively greater in more arid than humid areas because of changes in the rainfall to runoff conversion. Flow changes due to urbanisation are considered to have important environmental impacts, requiring mitigation. The methodology used in this paper could be used for other urbanising areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schütte
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - R E Schulze
- Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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25
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Hao Z, Gao Y, Yang T, Tian J. Atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen in a subtropical watershed in China: characteristics of and impacts on surface water quality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:8489-8503. [PMID: 28190229 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen (N) is an important process in global N cycling, having significant impacts on both water quality and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. The aims of this study were to clarify the N wet deposition first flush effect and estimate the contribution of N wet deposition on both N export and water quality in a subtropical watershed. Results showed that total nitrogen (TN) flux was 41.72 kg N hm-2 year-1 and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) was 23.18 kg N hm-2 year-1, respectively. Light rain events lead to the highest DTN and dissolve inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations of wet deposition. Rainstorm concentrations were lowest during spring rainfall-runoff events. In contrast to the baseflow, the different N forms were higher than they were under the rainfall-runoff. Rainfall event contributions on N export were greater than 93.2% in the watershed for the whole year. Finally, TN concentrations were higher than river eutrophication thresholds for the entire watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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26
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Wijngaard RR, van der Perk M, van der Grift B, de Nijs TCM, Bierkens MFP. The Impact of Climate Change on Metal Transport in a Lowland Catchment. Water Air Soil Pollut 2017; 228:107. [PMID: 28260820 PMCID: PMC5315730 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of future climate change on heavy metal (i.e., Cd and Zn) transport from soils to surface waters in a contaminated lowland catchment. The WALRUS hydrological model is employed in a semi-distributed manner to simulate current and future hydrological fluxes in the Dommel catchment in the Netherlands. The model is forced with climate change projections and the simulated fluxes are used as input to a metal transport model that simulates heavy metal concentrations and loads in quickflow and baseflow pathways. Metal transport is simulated under baseline climate ("2000-2010") and future climate ("2090-2099") conditions including scenarios for no climate change and climate change. The outcomes show an increase in Cd and Zn loads and the mean flux-weighted Cd and Zn concentrations in the discharged runoff, which is attributed to breakthrough of heavy metals from the soil system. Due to climate change, runoff enhances and leaching is accelerated, resulting in enhanced Cd and Zn loads. Mean flux-weighted concentrations in the discharged runoff increase during early summer and decrease during late summer and early autumn under the most extreme scenario of climate change. The results of this study provide improved understanding on the processes responsible for future changes in heavy metal contamination in lowland catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- René R. Wijngaard
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- FutureWater, Costerweg 1V, 6702 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van der Perk
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van der Grift
- Department of Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ton C. M. de Nijs
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marc F. P. Bierkens
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Sowah RA, Habteselassie MY, Radcliffe DE, Bauske E, Risse M. Isolating the impact of septic systems on fecal pollution in streams of suburban watersheds in Georgia, United States. Water Res 2017; 108:330-338. [PMID: 27847149 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of multiple sources of fecal pollution at the watershed level presents challenges to efforts aimed at identifying the influence of septic systems. In this study multiple approaches including targeted sampling and monitoring of host-specific Bacteroidales markers were used to identify the impact of septic systems on microbial water quality. Twenty four watersheds with septic density ranging from 8 to 373 septic units/km2 were monitored for water quality under baseflow conditions over a 3-year period. The levels of the human-associated HF183 marker, as well as total and ruminant Bacteroidales, were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Human-associated Bacteroidales yield was significantly higher in high density watersheds compared to low density areas and was negatively correlated (r = -0.64) with the average distance of septic systems to streams in the spring season. The human marker was also positively correlated with the total Bacteroidales marker, suggesting that the human source input was a significant contributor to total fecal pollution in the study area. Multivariable regression analysis indicates that septic systems, along with forest cover, impervious area and specific conductance could explain up to 74% of the variation in human fecal pollution in the spring season. The results suggest septic system impact through contributions to groundwater recharge during baseflow or failing septic system input, especially in areas with >87 septic units/km2. This study supports the use of microbial source tracking approaches along with traditional fecal indicator bacteria monitoring and land use characterization in a tiered approach to isolate the influence of septic systems on water quality in mixed-use watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Sowah
- Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia Griffin Campus, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA.
| | - Mussie Y Habteselassie
- Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia Griffin Campus, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - David E Radcliffe
- Crop and Soil Sciences, The University of Georgia, 3111 Carlton St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ellen Bauske
- Center for Urban Agriculture, The University of Georgia Griffin Campus, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Mark Risse
- The University of Georgia, Marine Extension and Georgia Sea Grant, 1030 Chicopee Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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28
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Bieroza MZ, Heathwaite AL. Unravelling organic matter and nutrient biogeochemistry in groundwater-fed rivers under baseflow conditions: Uncertainty in in situ high-frequency analysis. Sci Total Environ 2016; 572:1520-1533. [PMID: 26897611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural catchments, diffuse nutrient fluxes (mainly nitrogen N and phosphorus P), are observed to pollute receiving waters and cause eutrophication. Organic matter (OM) is important in mediating biogeochemical processes in freshwaters. Time series of the variation in nutrient and OM loads give insights into flux processes and their impact on biogeochemistry but are costly to maintain and challenging to analyse for elements that are highly reactive in the environment. We evaluated the capacity of the automated monitoring to capture typically low baseflow concentrations of the reactive forms of nutrients and OM: total reactive phosphorus (TRP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and tryptophan-like fluorescence (TLF). We compared the performance of in situ monitoring (wet chemistry analyser, UV-vis and fluorescence sensors) and automated grab sampling without instantaneous analysis using autosamplers. We found that automatic grab sampling shows storage transformations for TRP and TLF and do not reproduce the diurnal concentration pattern captured by the in situ analysers. The in situ TRP and fluorescence analysers respond to temperature variation and the relationship is concentration-dependent. Accurate detection of low P concentrations is particularly challenging due to large errors associated with both the in situ and autosampler measurements. Aquatic systems can be very sensitive to even low concentrations of P typical of baseflow conditions. Understanding transformations and measurement variability in reactive forms of nutrients and OM associated with in situ analysis is of great importance for understanding in-stream biogeochemical functioning and establishing robust monitoring protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Bieroza
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, United Kingdom; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - A L Heathwaite
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, United Kingdom
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29
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Stallard MA, Otter RR, Winesett S, Barbero M, Bruce M, Layton A, Bailey FC. A Watershed Analysis of Seasonal Concentration- and Loading-based Results for Escherichia coli in Inland Waters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 97:838-842. [PMID: 27663443 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fecal indicator bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, are frequently monitored in recreational waterbodies as indicators of potential fecal pathogen presence and exposure. The present watershed analysis investigated the influence of season on E. coli concentration (MPN/100 mL) and loading (MPN/day) measurements for inland waters at baseflow conditions. The master dataset collected during 2007-2012 for three watersheds included 896 E. coli (Colilert) samples with simultaneous flow taken for a subset (39 %) of samples. The outcomes for grouped watersheds were reflected in most cases for individual watersheds. Concentration- and loading-based results were highest in summer and spring, and lowest in the winter and fall, respectively. The comparison of these two measurement techniques (concentration and loading) highlight the impact of flow data during baseflow conditions for inland waters and reveal that caution should be used when inferring one method's results from another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Stallard
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
- Metro Water Services, Stormwater Division/NPDES Office, 1607 County Hospital Road, Nashville, TN, 37218, USA.
| | - Ryan R Otter
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Steve Winesett
- Metro Water Services, Stormwater Division/NPDES Office, 1607 County Hospital Road, Nashville, TN, 37218, USA
| | - Michelle Barbero
- Metro Water Services, Stormwater Division/NPDES Office, 1607 County Hospital Road, Nashville, TN, 37218, USA
- Gobbell Hays Partners, 217 Fifth Ave North, Nashville, TN, 37219, USA
| | - Mary Bruce
- Metro Water Services, Stormwater Division/NPDES Office, 1607 County Hospital Road, Nashville, TN, 37218, USA
| | - Alice Layton
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Frank C Bailey
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
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30
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Edokpa DA, Evans MG, Rothwell JJ. High fluvial export of dissolved organic nitrogen from a peatland catchment with elevated inorganic nitrogen deposition. Sci Total Environ 2015; 532:711-722. [PMID: 26119385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates seasonal concentrations and fluxes of nitrogen (N) species under stormflow and baseflow conditions in the peat dominated Kinder River catchment, south Pennines, UK. This upland region has experienced decades of high atmospheric inorganic N deposition. Water samples were collected fortnightly over one year, in combination with high resolution stormflow sampling and discharge monitoring. The results reveal that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) constitutes ~54% of the estimated annual total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) flux (14.3 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). DON cycling in the catchment is influenced by hydrological and biological controls, with greater concentrations under summer stormflow conditions. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DON are closely coupled, with positive correlations observed during spring, summer and autumn stormflow conditions. A low annual mean DOC:DON ratio (<25) and elevated dissolved inorganic N concentrations (up to 63μmoll(-1) in summer) suggest that the Kinder catchment is at an advanced stage of N saturation. This study reveals that DON is a significant component of TDN in peatland fluvial systems that receive high atmospheric inputs of inorganic N.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Edokpa
- Upland Environments Research Unit, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - M G Evans
- Upland Environments Research Unit, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J J Rothwell
- Upland Environments Research Unit, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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31
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Caulfield J, Chelliah M, Comte JC, Cassidy R, Flynn R. Integrating petrography, mineralogy and hydrochemistry to constrain the influence and distribution of groundwater contributions to baseflow in poorly productive aquifers: insights from Gortinlieve catchment, Co. Donegal, NW Ireland. Sci Total Environ 2014; 500-501:224-234. [PMID: 25217997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Identifying groundwater contributions to baseflow forms an essential part of surface water body characterisation. The Gortinlieve catchment (5 km(2)) comprises a headwater stream network of the Carrigans River, itself a tributary of the River Foyle, NW Ireland. The bedrock comprises poorly productive metasediments that are characterised by fracture porosity. We present the findings of a multi-disciplinary study that integrates new hydrochemical and mineralogical investigations with existing hydraulic, geophysical and structural data to identify the scales of groundwater flow and the nature of groundwater/bedrock interaction (chemical denudation). At the catchment scale, the development of deep weathering profiles is controlled by NE-SW regional scale fracture zones associated with mountain building during the Grampian orogeny. In-situ chemical denudation of mineral phases is controlled by micro- to meso-scale fractures related to Alpine compression during Palaeocene to Oligocene times. The alteration of primary muscovite, chlorite (clinochlore) and albite along the surfaces of these small-scale fractures has resulted in the precipitation of illite, montmorillonite and illite-montmorillonite clay admixtures. The interconnected but discontinuous nature of these small-scale structures highlights the role of larger scale faults and fissures in the supply and transportation of weathering solutions to/from the sites of mineral weathering. The dissolution of primarily mineral phases releases the major ions Mg, Ca and HCO3 that are shown to subsequently form the chemical makeup of groundwaters. Borehole groundwater and stream baseflow hydrochemical data are used to constrain the depths of groundwater flow pathways influencing the chemistry of surface waters throughout the stream profile. The results show that it is predominantly the lower part of the catchment, which receives inputs from catchment/regional scale groundwater flow, that is found to contribute to the maintenance of annual baseflow levels. This study identifies the importance of deep groundwater in maintaining annual baseflow levels in poorly productive bedrock systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Caulfield
- Groundwater Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Merlyn Chelliah
- Groundwater Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Christophe Comte
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Cassidy
- Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PQ, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Flynn
- Groundwater Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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