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Zheng L, Li Z, Wang B, Sun R, Sun Y, Ren J, Zhao J. M 6A Demethylase Inhibits Osteogenesis of Dental Follicle Stem Cells via Regulating miR-7974/FKBP15 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16121. [PMID: 38003310 PMCID: PMC10671807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification, regulating gene expression in physiological processes. However, its effect on the osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) remains unknown. Here, m6A demethylases, the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), and alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) were overexpressed in DFSCs, followed by osteogenesis assay and transcriptome sequencing to explore potential mechanisms. The overexpression of FTO or ALKBH5 inhibited the osteogenesis of DFSCs, evidenced by the fact that RUNX2 independently decreased calcium deposition and by the downregulation of the osteogenic genes OCN and OPN. MiRNA profiling revealed that miR-7974 was the top differentially regulated gene, and the overexpression of m6A demethylases significantly accelerated miR-7974 degradation in DFSCs. The miR-7974 inhibitor decreased the osteogenesis of DFSCs, and its mimic attenuated the inhibitory effects of FTO overexpression. Bioinformatic prediction and RNA sequencing analysis suggested that FK506-binding protein 15 (FKBP15) was the most likely target downstream of miR-7974. The overexpression of FKBP15 significantly inhibited the osteogenesis of DFSCs via the restriction of actin cytoskeleton organization. This study provided a data resource of differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA after the overexpression of m6A demethylases in DFSCs. We unmasked the RUNX2-independent effects of m6A demethylase, miR-7974, and FKBP15 on the osteogenesis of DFSCs. Moreover, the FTO/miR-7974/FKBP15 axis and its effects on actin cytoskeleton organization were identified in DFSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.W.); (R.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhizheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.W.); (R.S.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.W.); (R.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.W.); (R.S.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.W.); (R.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jiangang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.W.); (R.S.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (B.W.); (R.S.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Thommen BT, Dziekan JM, Achcar F, Tjia S, Passecker A, Buczak K, Gumpp C, Schmidt A, Rottmann M, Grüring C, Marti M, Bozdech Z, Brancucci NMB. Genetic validation of PfFKBP35 as an antimalarial drug target. eLife 2023; 12:RP86975. [PMID: 37934560 PMCID: PMC10629825 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum accounts for the majority of over 600,000 malaria-associated deaths annually. Parasites resistant to nearly all antimalarials have emerged and the need for drugs with alternative modes of action is thus undoubted. The FK506-binding protein PfFKBP35 has gained attention as a promising drug target due to its high affinity to the macrolide compound FK506 (tacrolimus). Whilst there is considerable interest in targeting PfFKBP35 with small molecules, a genetic validation of this factor as a drug target is missing and its function in parasite biology remains elusive. Here, we show that limiting PfFKBP35 levels are lethal to P. falciparum and result in a delayed death-like phenotype that is characterized by defective ribosome homeostasis and stalled protein synthesis. Our data furthermore suggest that FK506, unlike the action of this drug in model organisms, exerts its antiproliferative activity in a PfFKBP35-independent manner and, using cellular thermal shift assays, we identify putative FK506-targets beyond PfFKBP35. In addition to revealing first insights into the function of PfFKBP35, our results show that FKBP-binding drugs can adopt non-canonical modes of action - with major implications for the development of FK506-derived molecules active against Plasmodium parasites and other eukaryotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil T Thommen
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteAllschwilSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jerzy M Dziekan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Fiona Achcar
- Wellcome Center for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Parasitology, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Seth Tjia
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Armin Passecker
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteAllschwilSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Christin Gumpp
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteAllschwilSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Matthias Rottmann
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteAllschwilSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christof Grüring
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteAllschwilSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Marti
- Wellcome Center for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Parasitology, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Zbynek Bozdech
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Nicolas MB Brancucci
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteAllschwilSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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Meduri G, Guillemeau K, Daguinot C, Dounane O, Genet M, Ferrara L, Chambraud B, Baulieu EE, Giustiniani J. Concomitant Neuronal Tau Deposition and FKBP52 Decrease Is an Early Feature of Different Human and Experimental Tauopathies. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:313-331. [PMID: 37248902 PMCID: PMC10357213 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological tau proteins constitute neurofibrillary tangles that accumulate in tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-Tau). We previously showed that the FKBP52 immunophilin interacts functionally with tau and strongly decreases in AD brain neurons in correlation with tau deposition. We also reported that FKBP52 co-localizes with autophagy-lysosomal markers and an early pathological tau isoform in AD neurons, suggesting its involvement in autophagic tau clearance. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate if differences in neuronal FKBP52 expression levels and subcellular localization might be detected in AD, PSP, familial FTLD-Tau, and in the hTau-P301 S mouse model compared to controls. METHODS Cell by cell immunohistofluorescence analyses and quantification of FKBP52 were performed on postmortem brain samples of some human tauopathies and on hTau-P301 S mice spinal cords. RESULTS We describe a similar FKBP52 decrease and its localization with early pathological tau forms in the neuronal autophagy-lysosomal pathway in various tauopathies and hTau-P301 S mice. We find that FKBP52 decreases early during the pathologic process as it occurs in rare neurons with tau deposits in the marginally affected frontal cortex region of AD Braak IV brains and in the spinal cord of symptomless 1-month-old hTau-P301 S mice. CONCLUSION As FKBP52 plays a significant role in cellular signaling and conceivably in tau clearance, our data support the idea that the prevention of FKBP52 decrease or the restoration of its normal expression at early pathologic stages might represent a new potential therapeutic approach in tauopathies including AD, familial FTLD-Tau, and PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri Meduri
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | - Omar Dounane
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Melanie Genet
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Luigi Ferrara
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmacology, UNIBA University, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Etienne Emile Baulieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1195, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Julien Giustiniani
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1195, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Professeur Baulieu, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Preisendörfer S, Ishikawa Y, Hennen E, Winklmeier S, Schupp JC, Knüppel L, Fernandez IE, Binzenhöfer L, Flatley A, Juan-Guardela BM, Ruppert C, Guenther A, Frankenberger M, Hatz RA, Kneidinger N, Behr J, Feederle R, Schepers A, Hilgendorff A, Kaminski N, Meinl E, Bächinger HP, Eickelberg O, Staab-Weijnitz CA. FK506-Binding Protein 11 Is a Novel Plasma Cell-Specific Antibody Folding Catalyst with Increased Expression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:1341. [PMID: 35456020 PMCID: PMC9027113 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are central effectors of the adaptive immune response, widespread used therapeutics, but also potentially disease-causing biomolecules. Antibody folding catalysts in the plasma cell are incompletely defined. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal chronic lung disease with increasingly recognized autoimmune features. We found elevated expression of FK506-binding protein 11 (FKBP11) in IPF lungs where FKBP11 specifically localized to antibody-producing plasma cells. Suggesting a general role in plasma cells, plasma cell-specific FKBP11 expression was equally observed in lymphatic tissues, and in vitro B cell to plasma cell differentiation was accompanied by induction of FKBP11 expression. Recombinant human FKBP11 was able to refold IgG antibody in vitro and inhibited by FK506, strongly supporting a function as antibody peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Induction of ER stress in cell lines demonstrated induction of FKBP11 in the context of the unfolded protein response in an X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1)-dependent manner. While deficiency of FKBP11 increased susceptibility to ER stress-mediated cell death in an alveolar epithelial cell line, FKBP11 knockdown in an antibody-producing hybridoma cell line neither induced cell death nor decreased expression or secretion of IgG antibody. Similarly, antibody secretion by the same hybridoma cell line was not affected by knockdown of the established antibody peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin B. The results are consistent with FKBP11 as a novel XBP1-regulated antibody peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and indicate significant redundancy in the ER-resident folding machinery of antibody-producing hybridoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Preisendörfer
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (Y.I.); (H.P.B.)
| | - Elisabeth Hennen
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Stephan Winklmeier
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.W.); (E.M.)
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.C.S.); (B.M.J.-G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Larissa Knüppel
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Isis E. Fernandez
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
- Department of Medicine V, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Leonhard Binzenhöfer
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.F.); (R.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Brenda M. Juan-Guardela
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.C.S.); (B.M.J.-G.); (N.K.)
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medizinische Klinik II, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medizinische Klinik II, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Marion Frankenberger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Rudolf A. Hatz
- Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Department of Medicine V, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany; (N.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.F.); (R.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Aloys Schepers
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.F.); (R.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.C.S.); (B.M.J.-G.); (N.K.)
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.W.); (E.M.)
| | - Hans Peter Bächinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (Y.I.); (H.P.B.)
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Claudia A. Staab-Weijnitz
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (E.H.); (L.K.); (I.E.F.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (A.H.); (O.E.)
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Nehls T, Heymann T, Meyners C, Hausch F, Lermyte F. Fenton-Chemistry-Based Oxidative Modification of Proteins Reflects Their Conformation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9927. [PMID: 34576105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand protein structure to a sufficient extent for, e.g., drug discovery, no single technique can provide satisfactory information on both the lowest-energy conformation and on dynamic changes over time (the ‘four-dimensional’ protein structure). Instead, a combination of complementary techniques is required. Mass spectrometry methods have shown promise in addressing protein dynamics, but often rely on the use of high-end commercial or custom instruments. Here, we apply well-established chemistry to conformation-sensitive oxidative protein labelling on a timescale of a few seconds, followed by analysis through a routine protein analysis workflow. For a set of model proteins, we show that site selectivity of labelling can indeed be rationalised in terms of known structural information, and that conformational changes induced by ligand binding are reflected in the modification pattern. In addition to conventional bottom-up analysis, further insights are obtained from intact mass measurement and native mass spectrometry. We believe that this method will provide a valuable and robust addition to the ‘toolbox’ of mass spectrometry researchers studying higher-order protein structure.
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Sun Z, Qin X, Fang J, Tang Y, Fan Y. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for FKBP Gene Family in Renal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697534. [PMID: 34476212 PMCID: PMC8406630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The FK506-binding protein (FKBP) is a family of intracellular receptors that can bind specifically to the immunosuppressant FK506 and rapamycin. Although FKBPs play crucial roles in biological processes and carcinogenesis, their prognostic value and molecular mechanism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unclear. Methods Using pan-cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and public databases, we analyzed the expression and correlation of FKBPs in 33 tumor types. Survival and Cox regression analyses were employed to explore the prognostic value of FKBPs. The relationship with tumor microenvironment and stemness indices was taken into account to evaluate the function of FKBPs. We constructed a risk score model to predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to further test the prognostic ability of our model. Nomogram, joint effects analysis, and clinical relevance were performed to assist the clinician. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and cell line experiments were performed to investigate the function and molecular mechanisms of FKBPs in patients with ccRCC. Paired clinical specimens and multi-omics analysis were used to further validate and explore the factors affecting gene expression in ccRCC patients. Results The expression levels of FKBP10 and FKBP11 were higher in ccRCC tissues than in normal tissues. The alteration in expression may be because of the degree of DNA methylation. Increased expression levels of FKBP10 and FKBP11 were associated with worse overall survival (OS). More importantly, GSEA revealed that FKBP10 is mainly involved in cell metabolism and autophagy, whereas FKBP11 is mainly associated with immune-related biological processes and autophagy. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays revealed that knockdown of FKBP10 and FKBP11 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of the ccRCC cell line. Conclusion FKBP10 and FKBP11 play important roles in ccRCC phenotypes and are potential prognostic markers as well as new therapeutic targets for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiang Sun
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Juanjuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Day Surgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Yueqing Tang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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Cha HJ, Lee H, Yeo EJ, Yeo HJ, Choi YJ, Sohn EJ, Kim DW, Park SJ, Lee SH, Lee S, Choi SY. Utilization of an Intracellular Calcium Mobilization Assay for the Screening of Transduced FK506-Binding Proteins. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:442-452. [PMID: 34415786 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) belong to the immunophilin family and are linked to various disease states, including the inflammatory response. The inhibition of cytokine and chemokine expression in addition to positive effects of FKBPs on corneal inflammation in animal models suggests that they may be used for ophthalmic delivery in the treatment of dry eye disease. To pass the effective barriers protecting eye tissues, testing the transduction domains of FKBPs is essential. However, monitoring their transduction efficiencies is not a simple task. The quantitative measurement of FKBP interactions was performed using a cell model with a specific G protein-coupled receptor, as FKBPs had been known to act at the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) leading to the inhibition of intracellular calcium mobilization. Because of its luminescence amplitude and stability, human urotensin II receptor was expressed in aequorin parental cells to measure the action of selected FKBPs. This luminescence-based functional assay platform exhibited a high signal-to-background ratio of more than 100 and a Z' factor at 0.6204. As expected, changes in the sequence of the transduction domain affected the function of the FKBPs. The intracellular calcium mobilization assay with selected FKBPs represented a robust and reliable platform to screen initial candidates. Although the precise nature of the control that FKBPs exert on the IP3R is uncertain, this approach can be used to develop innovative anti-inflammatory treatments for dry eye disease by optimizing protein transduction domain sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Cha
- R&D Center, Lumieye Genetics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- R&D Center, Lumieye Genetics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sunghou Lee
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Moirangthem R, Kumar K, Kaur R. Two Functionally Redundant FK506-Binding Proteins Regulate Multidrug Resistance Gene Expression and Govern Azole Antifungal Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e02415-20. [PMID: 33722894 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02415-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing resistance to antifungal therapy is an impediment to the effective treatment of fungal infections. Candida glabrata is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that is inherently less susceptible to cost-effective azole antifungals. Gain-of-function mutations in the Zn-finger pleiotropic drug resistance transcriptional activator-encoding gene CgPDR1 are the most prevalent causes of azole resistance in clinical settings. CgPDR1 is also transcriptionally activated upon azole exposure; however, factors governing CgPDR1 gene expression are not yet fully understood. Here, we have uncovered a novel role for two FK506-binding proteins, CgFpr3 and CgFpr4, in the regulation of the CgPDR1 regulon. We show that CgFpr3 and CgFpr4 possess a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain and act redundantly to control CgPDR1 expression, as a Cgfpr3Δ4Δ mutant displayed elevated expression of the CgPDR1 gene along with overexpression of its target genes, CgCDR1, CgCDR2, and CgSNQ2, which code for ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporters. Furthermore, CgFpr3 and CgFpr4 are required for the maintenance of histone H3 and H4 protein levels, and fluconazole exposure leads to elevated H3 and H4 protein levels. Consistent with the role of histone proteins in azole resistance, disruption of genes coding for the histone demethylase CgRph1 and the histone H3K36-specific methyltransferase CgSet2 leads to increased and decreased susceptibility to fluconazole, respectively, with the Cgrph1Δ mutant displaying significantly lower basal expression levels of the CgPDR1 and CgCDR1 genes. These data underscore a hitherto unknown role of histone methylation in modulating the most common azole antifungal resistance mechanism. Altogether, our findings establish a link between CgFpr-mediated histone homeostasis and CgPDR1 gene expression and implicate CgFpr in the virulence of C. glabrata.
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9
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang G, Wen S, Wang Y, Li L, Xiao F, Hong N. The p23 of Citrus Tristeza Virus Interacts with Host FKBP-Type Peptidyl-Prolylcis-Trans Isomerase 17-2 and Is Involved in the Intracellular Movement of the Viral Coat Protein. Cells 2021; 10:934. [PMID: 33920690 PMCID: PMC8073322 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus is a member of the genus Closterovirus in the family Closteroviridae. The p23 of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a multifunctional protein and RNA silencing suppressor. In this study, we identified a p23 interacting partner, FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 17-2, from Citrus aurantifolia (CaFKBP17-2), a susceptible host, and Nicotiana benthamiana (NbFKBP17-2), an experimental host for CTV. The interaction of p23 with CaFKBP17-2 and NbFKBP17-2 were individually confirmed by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays. Subcellular localization tests showed that the viral p23 translocated FKBP17-2 from chloroplasts to the plasmodesmata of epidermal cells of N. benthamiana leaves. The knocked-down expression level of NbFKBP17-2 mRNA resulted in a decreased CTV titer in N. benthamiana plants. Further, BiFC and Y2H assays showed that NbFKBP17-2 also interacted with the coat protein (CP) of CTV, and the complexes of CP/NbFKBP17-2 rapidly moved in the cytoplasm. Moreover, p23 guided the CP/NbFKBP17-2 complexes to move along the cell wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of viral proteins interacting with FKBP17-2 encoded by plants. Our results provide insights for further revealing the mechanism of the CTV CP protein movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuokun Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Z.); (G.W.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongle Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Z.); (G.W.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Z.); (G.W.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaohua Wen
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Z.); (G.W.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (F.X.)
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Z.); (G.W.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liu Li
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Z.); (G.W.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Z.); (G.W.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ni Hong
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Z.); (G.W.); (S.W.); (Y.W.); (L.L.); (F.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Xiong H, Chen Z, Chen W, Li Q, Lin B, Jia Y. FKBP-related ncRNA-mRNA axis in breast cancer. Genomics 2020; 112:4595-4607. [PMID: 32814092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a disease with morbidity ranking the first of women worldwidely. In current study, 11 DE-miRNAs, consisting of four FKBP4 related DE-miRNAs and seven FKBP5 related DE-miRNAs, were screened. Four hundred and eighty two predicted lncRNAs were found for DE-miRNAs. Then, expression and prognostic results of nine of top 20 lncRNAs of BC were significantly identified. LINC00662 and LINC00963 expression were significantly associated with patients' overall survival (OS). Then, nine potential upstream transcription factors were identified in motifs of DE-miRNAs. Three hundred and twenty target genes were identified for GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis, which were mainly enriched in cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process. Construction and analysis in PPI network showed that RAB7A was selected as a hub gene with the topest connectivity scores. Differential expression analysis of nine in top ten hub genes of BC were significantly identified. RAB7A and ARRB1 expression were significantly related with BC patients' OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Zihan Chen
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Baihua Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yongshi Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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11
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Shigdel UK, Lee SJ, Sowa ME, Bowman BR, Robison K, Zhou M, Pua KH, Stiles DT, Blodgett JAV, Udwary DW, Rajczewski AT, Mann AS, Mostafavi S, Hardy T, Arya S, Weng Z, Stewart M, Kenyon K, Morgenstern JP, Pan E, Gray DC, Pollock RM, Fry AM, Klausner RD, Townson SA, Verdine GL. Genomic discovery of an evolutionarily programmed modality for small-molecule targeting of an intractable protein surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17195-17203. [PMID: 32606248 PMCID: PMC7382241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006560117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of intracellular protein targets are refractory toward small-molecule therapeutic engagement, and additional therapeutic modalities are needed to overcome this deficiency. Here, the identification and characterization of a natural product, WDB002, reveals a therapeutic modality that dramatically expands the currently accepted limits of druggability. WDB002, in complex with the FK506-binding protein (FKBP12), potently and selectively binds the human centrosomal protein 250 (CEP250), resulting in disruption of CEP250 function in cells. The recognition mode is unprecedented in that the targeted domain of CEP250 is a coiled coil and is topologically featureless, embodying both a structural motif and surface topology previously considered on the extreme limits of "undruggability" for an intracellular target. Structural studies reveal extensive protein-WDB002 and protein-protein contacts, with the latter being distinct from those seen in FKBP12 ternary complexes formed by FK506 and rapamycin. Outward-facing structural changes in a bound small molecule can thus reprogram FKBP12 to engage diverse, otherwise "undruggable" targets. The flat-targeting modality demonstrated here has the potential to expand the druggable target range of small-molecule therapeutics. As CEP250 was recently found to be an interaction partner with the Nsp13 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 disease, it is possible that WDB002 or an analog may exert useful antiviral activity through its ability to form high-affinity ternary complexes containing CEP250 and FKBP12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Minyun Zhou
- Warp Drive Bio, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan S Mann
- Warp Drive Bio, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | - Tara Hardy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sukrat Arya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kyle Kenyon
- Warp Drive Bio, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | - Ende Pan
- Warp Drive Bio, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | | | - Andrew M Fry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gregory L Verdine
- Warp Drive Bio, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063;
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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12
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Bischoff M, Mayer P, Meyners C, Hausch F. Enantioselective Synthesis of a Tricyclic, sp 3 -Rich Diazatetradecanedione: an Amino Acid-Based Natural Product-Like Scaffold. Chemistry 2020; 26:4677-4681. [PMID: 31846111 PMCID: PMC7187416 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
6-, 7-, and 8-membered rings are assembled from a linear precursor by successive cyclisation reactions to construct a tricyclic diazatricyclo[6.5.1.04, 9 ]-tetradecanedione scaffold. Advanced building blocks based on d-aspartic acid and l-pyroglutamic acid were combined by a sp3 -sp2 Negishi coupling. A carbamate-guided syn-diastereoselective epoxidation followed by an intramolecular epoxide opening allowed the construction of the piperidine ring. An efficient one-pot hydroxyl-group protection twofold deprotection reaction prepared the ground for the cyclisation to the bicycle. A final deprotection of the orthogonal protecting groups and lactamisation led to the novel, sp3 -rich tricycle. The final compound is a substrate mimic of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases featuring a locked trans-amide bond. Cheminformatic analysis of 179 virtual derivatives indicates favourable physicochemical properties and drug-like characteristics. As proof of concept we, show a low micromolar activity in a fluorescence polarisation assay towards the FK506-binding protein 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bischoff
- Compound Management and Screening Center (COMAS)Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryDarmstadt University of TechnologyAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryDarmstadt University of TechnologyAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
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13
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Li Y, Ren H, Zhao Y, Sun J, Fan Y, Jin D, Pei Y. Characterization of three FK506-binding proteins in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 171:107334. [PMID: 32006551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) participate in regulation of diverse biological processes. However, the role of these proteins in insect-pathogenic fungi is far from well understood. To investigate the functions of FKBPs in Beauveria bassiana, a widely used entomopathogenic fungus for control of insect pests, we identify three putative FKBP genes, Bbfkbp12, Bbfkbp15, and Bbfkbp50, in the fungus. Gene-disruption experiments show that loss of Bbfkbp12 results in a significant increase of resistance of B. bassiana against the immunosuppressive compounds FK506 and rapamycin, while loss of Bbfkbp50 leads to the resistance to the ergosterol synthesis inhibitor lovastatin. Transcription assays of calcineurin (CaN)- and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)-downstream target genes confirm that BbFKBP12 is the target of both FK506 and rapamycin, associated with CaN- and mTOR-signal pathways in B. bassiana. GFP-tagging of the proteins shows that BbFKBP12 and BbFKBP15 localize in cytoplasm while BbFKBP50 in nucleus. Our results provide useful information for the study of functions of CaN- and mTOR-mediated signaling, and ergosterol synthesis in the entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yutao Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiyuan Sun
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan Pei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
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14
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Lee C, Guo H, Klinngam W, Janga SR, Yarber F, Peddi S, Edman MC, Tiwari N, Liu S, Louie SG, Hamm-Alvarez SF, MacKay JA. Berunda Polypeptides: Biheaded Rapamycin Carriers for Subcutaneous Treatment of Autoimmune Dry Eye Disease. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3024-3039. [PMID: 31095909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The USFDA-approved immunosuppressive drug rapamycin (Rapa), despite its potency, is limited by poor bioavailability and a narrow therapeutic index. In this study, we sought to improve bioavailability of Rapa with subcutaneous (SC) administration and to test its therapeutic feasibility and practicality in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a systemic autoimmune disease with no approved therapies. To improve its therapeutic index, we formulated Rapa with a carrier termed FAF, a fusion of the human cytosolic FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) and an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). The resulting 97 kDa FAF (i) has minimal burst release, (ii) is "humanized", (iii) is biodegradable, (iv) solubilizes two Rapa per FAF, and (v) avoids organic solvents or amphiphilic carriers. Demonstrating high stability, FAF remained soluble and monodisperse with a hydrodynamic radius of 8 nm at physiological temperature. A complete pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of FAF revealed that the bioavailability of SC FAF was 60%, with significantly higher blood concentration during the elimination phase compared to IV FAF. The plasma concentration of Rapa delivered by FAF was 8-fold higher with a significantly increased plasma-to-whole blood ratio relative to free Rapa, 24 h after injection. To evaluate therapeutic effects, FAF-Rapa was administered SC every other day for 2 weeks to male non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, which develop an SS-like autoimmune-mediated lacrimal gland (LG) inflammation and other characteristic features of SS. Both FAF-Rapa and free Rapa exhibited immunomodulatory effects by significantly suppressing lymphocytic infiltration, gene expression of IFN-γ, MHC II, type I collagen and IL-12a, and cathepsin S (CTSS) activity in LG compared to controls. Serum chemistry and histopathological analyses in major organs revealed no apparent toxicity of FAF-Rapa. Given its improved PK and equipotent therapeutic efficacy compared to free Rapa, FAF-Rapa is of further interest for systemic treatments for autoimmune diseases like SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrim Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Wannita Klinngam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Srikanth R Janga
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Frances Yarber
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Santosh Peddi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Maria C Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Nishant Tiwari
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Stan G Louie
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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15
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Orłowski M, Popławska K, Pieprzyk J, Szczygieł-Sommer A, Więch A, Zarębski M, Tarczewska A, Dobrucki J, Ożyhar A. Molecular determinants of Drosophila immunophilin FKBP39 nuclear localization. Biol Chem 2018; 399:467-484. [PMID: 29337690 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) belong to a distinct class of immunophilins that interact with immunosuppressants. They use their peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity to catalyze the cis-trans conversion of prolyl bonds in proteins during protein-folding events. FKBPs also act as a unique group of chaperones. The Drosophila melanogaster peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FK506-binding protein of 39 kDa (FKBP39) is thought to act as a transcriptional modulator of gene expression in 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone signal transduction. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular determinants responsible for the subcellular distribution of an FKBP39-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion construct (YFP-FKBP39). We found that YFP-FKBP39 was predominantly nucleolar. To identify the nuclear localization signal (NLS), a series of YFP-tagged FKBP39 deletion mutants were prepared and examined in vivo. The identified NLS signal is located in a basic domain. Detailed mutagenesis studies revealed that residues K188 and K191 are crucial for the nuclear targeting of FKBP39 and its nucleoplasmin-like (NPL) domain contains the sequence that controls the nucleolar-specific translocation of the protein. These results show that FKBP39 possesses a specific NLS in close proximity to a putative helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif and FKBP39 may bind DNA in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Orłowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Popławska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Pieprzyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczygieł-Sommer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Więch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zarębski
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Tarczewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jurek Dobrucki
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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16
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Ghartey-Kwansah G, Li Z, Feng R, Wang L, Zhou X, Chen FZ, Xu MM, Jones O, Mu Y, Chen S, Bryant J, Isaacs WB, Ma J, Xu X. Comparative analysis of FKBP family protein: evaluation, structure, and function in mammals and Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Dev Biol 2018; 18:7. [PMID: 29587629 PMCID: PMC5870485 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) have become the subject of considerable interest in several fields, leading to the identification of several cellular and molecular pathways in which FKBPs impact prenatal development and pathogenesis of many human diseases. Main body This analysis revealed differences between how mammalian and Drosophila FKBPs mechanisms function in relation to the immunosuppressant drugs, FK506 and rapamycin. Differences that could be used to design insect-specific pesticides. (1) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of FKBP family proteins revealed that the eight known Drosophila FKBPs share homology with the human FKBP12. This indicates a close evolutionary relationship, and possible origination from a common ancestor. (2) The known FKBPs contain FK domains, that is, a prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) domain that mediates immune suppression through inhibition of calcineurin. The dFKBP59, CG4735/Shutdown, CG1847, and CG5482 have a Tetratricopeptide receptor domain at the C-terminus, which regulates transcription and protein transportation. (3) FKBP51 and FKBP52 (dFKBP59), along with Cyclophilin 40 and protein phosphatase 5, function as Hsp90 immunophilin co-chaperones within steroid receptor-Hsp90 heterocomplexes. These immunophilins are potential drug targets in pathways associated with normal physiology and may be used to treat a variety of steroid-based diseases by targeting exocytic/endocytic cycling and vesicular trafficking. (4) By associating with presinilin, a critical component of the Notch signaling pathway, FKBP14 is a downstream effector of Notch activation at the membrane. Meanwhile, Shutdown associates with transposons in the PIWI-interacting RNA pathway, playing a crucial role in both germ cells and ovarian somas. Mutations in or silencing of dFKBPs lead to early embryonic lethality in Drosophila. Therefore, further understanding the mechanisms of FK506 and rapamycin binding to immunophilin FKBPs in endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological function in both mammals and Drosophila would provide prospects in generating unique, insect specific therapeutics targeting the above cellular signaling pathways. Conclusion This review will evaluate the functional roles of FKBP family proteins, and systematically summarize the similarities and differences between FKBP proteins in Drosophila and Mammals. Specific therapeutics targeting cellular signaling pathways will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ghartey-Kwansah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Zhongguang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Rui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Meng Meng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Odell Jones
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulian Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Joseph Bryant
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jianjie Ma
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xuehong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China. .,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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17
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Zhao YT, Guo YB, Fan XX, Yang HQ, Zhou P, Chen Z, Yuan Q, Ye H, Ji GJ, Wang SQ. Role of FK506-binding protein in Ca 2+ spark regulation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1295-1303. [PMID: 36659291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The elementary Ca2+ release events, Ca2+ sparks, has been found for a quarter of century. However, the molecular regulation of the spark generator, the ryanodine receptor (RyR) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, remains obscure. Although each subunit of the RyR homotetramer has a site for FK506-binding protein (FKBP), the role of FKBPs in modifying RyR Ca2+ sparks has been debated for long. One of the reasons behind the controversy is that most previous studies detect spontaneous sparks, where the mixture with out-of-focus events and local wavelets prevents an accurate characterization of Ca2+ sparks. In the present study, we detected Ca2+ sparks triggered by single L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs) under loose-seal patch clamp conditions in FK506-treated or FKBP12.6 knockout cardiomyocytes. We found that FKBP dissociation both by FK506 and by rapamycin decreased the Ca2+ spark amplitude in ventricular cardiomyocytes. This change was neither due to decreased releasable Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, nor explained by changed RyR sensitivity. Actually FK506 increased the LCC-RyR coupling probability and curtailed the latency for an LCC to trigger a RyR Ca2+ spark. FKBP12.6 knockout had similar effects as FK506/rapamycin treatment, indicating that the decreased spark amplitude was attributable to the dissociation of FKBP12.6 rather than FKBP12. We also explained how decreased amplitude of spontaneous sparks after FKBP dissociation sometimes appears to be increased or unchanged due to inappropriate data processing. Our results provided firm evidence that without the inter-RyR coordination by functional FKBP12.6, the RyR recruitment during a Ca2+ spark would be compromised despite the sensitization of individual RyRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yun-Bo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue-Xin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua-Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haihong Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guang-Ju Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Zhao YT, Guo YB, Gu L, Fan XX, Yang HQ, Chen Z, Zhou P, Yuan Q, Ji GJ, Wang SQ. Sensitized signalling between L-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors in the absence or inhibition of FKBP12.6 in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:332-342. [PMID: 28077437 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The heart contraction is controlled by the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) between L-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). The FK506-binding protein FKBP12.6 binds to RyR subunits, but its role in stabilizing RyR function has been debated for long. Recent reports of high-resolution RyR structure show that the HD2 domain that binds to the SPRY2 domain of neighbouring subunit in FKBP-bound RyR1 is detached and invisible in FKBP-null RyR2. The present study was to test the consequence of FKBP12.6 absence on the in situ activation of RyR2. Methods and results Using whole-cell patch-clamp combined with confocal imaging, we applied a near threshold depolarization to activate a very small fraction of LCCs, which in turn activated RyR Ca2+ sparks stochastically. FKBP12.6-knockout and FK506/rapamycin treatments increased spark frequency and LCC-RyR coupling fidelity without altering LCC open probability. Neither FK506 nor rapamycin further altered LCC-RyR coupling fidelity in FKBP12.6-knockout cells. In loose-seal patch-clamp experiments, the LCC-RyR signalling kinetics, indexed by the delay for a LCC sparklet to trigger a RyR spark, was accelerated after FKBP12.6 knockout and FK506/rapamycin treatments. These results demonstrated that RyRs became more sensitive to Ca2+ triggers without FKBP12.6. Isoproterenol (1 μM) further accelerated the LCC-RyR signalling in FKBP12.6-knockout cells. The synergistic sensitization of RyRs by catecholaminergic signalling and FKBP12.6 dysfunction destabilized the CICR system, leading to chaotic Ca2+ waves and ventricular arrhythmias. Conclusion FKBP12.6 keeps the RyRs from over-sensitization, stabilizes the potentially regenerative CICR system, and thus may suppress the life-threatening arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yun-Bo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Gu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue-Xin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua-Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guang-Ju Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
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Barrero JJ, Papanikou E, Casler JC, Day KJ, Glick BS. An improved reversibly dimerizing mutant of the FK506-binding protein FKBP. Cell Logist 2016; 6:e1204848. [PMID: 27738551 PMCID: PMC5058350 DOI: 10.1080/21592799.2016.1204848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
FK506-binding protein (FKBP) is a monomer that binds to FK506, rapamycin, and related ligands. The F36M substitution, in which Phe36 in the ligand-binding pocket is changed to Met, leads to formation of antiparallel FKBP dimers, which can be dissociated into monomers by ligand binding. This FKBP(M) mutant has been employed in the mammalian secretory pathway to generate aggregates that can be dissolved by ligand addition to create cargo waves. However, when testing this approach in yeast, we found that dissolution of FKBP(M) aggregates was inefficient. An improved reversibly dimerizing FKBP formed aggregates that dissolved more readily. This FKBP(L,V) mutant carries the F36L mutation, which increases the affinity of ligand binding, and the I90V mutation, which accelerates ligand-induced dissociation of the dimers. The FKBP(L,V) mutant expands the utility of reversibly dimerizing FKBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Barrero
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Effrosyni Papanikou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason C Casler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kasey J Day
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin S Glick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibitors of protein kinases comprise the vast majority of approved signal transduction inhibitors for cancer treatment. An important facet of their clinical development is the identification of the key substrates critical for their driver role in cancer. One approach for substrate identification involves evaluating the phosphorylation events associated with stable expression of an activated protein kinase. Another involves genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of protein kinase expression or activity. However, both approaches are limited by the dynamic nature of signaling, complicating whether phosphorylation changes are primary or secondary activities of kinase function. We have developed rapamycin-regulated (RapR) protein kinases as molecular tools that allow for the study of spatiotemporal regulation of signaling. Here we describe the application of this technology to the Src tyrosine kinase and oncoprotein (RapR-Src). We describe how to achieve stable expression of this tool in cell lines and how to subsequently activate the tool and determine its function in signaling and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna R Gentry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Immunophilins comprise two protein families, cyclophilins (CYPs) and FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), and are the major receptors for the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 (tacrolimus), respectively. Most eukaryotic species have at least one immunophilin and some of them have been associated with pathogenesis of infectious or parasitic diseases or the action of antiparasitic drugs. The human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum has 13 immunophilin or immunophilin-like genes but the functions of their products are unknown. We set out to identify the parasite proteins that interact with the major CYPs, PfCYP19A and PfCYP19B, and the FKBP, PfFKBP35, using a combination of co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screening. We identified a cohort of putative interacting partners and further investigation of some of these revealed potentially novel roles in parasite biology. We demonstrated that (i) P. falciparum CYPs interacted with the heat shock protein 70, (ii) treatment of parasites with CYP ligands disrupted transport of the rhoptry-associated protein 1, and (iii) PfFKBP35 interacted with parasite histones in a way that might modulate gene expression. These findings begin to elucidate the functions of immunophilins in malaria. Furthermore, the known antimalarial effects of CsA, FK506 and non-immunosuppressive derivatives of these immunophilin ligands could be mediated through these partner proteins.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) contain a domain with peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerase (PPIase) activity and bind the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and rapamycin. FKBPs belong to the immunophilin family and are found in eukaryotes and bacteria. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we describe two major groups of bacterial virulence-associated FKBPs, the trigger factor and Mip-like PPIases. Moreover, we discuss the contribution of host FKBPs in bacterial infection processes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Since PPIases are regarded as alternative antiinfective drug targets we highlight current research strategies utilizing pipecolinic acid and cycloheximide derivatives as well as substrate based inhibitors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The current research strategies suggest a beneficial synergism of drug development and basic research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can M Ünal
- Türk-Alman Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Abstract
AIM To investigate the biological activity of the H. pylori SlyD in vitro. METHODS Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) slyD prokaryotic expression vector was carried out in Escherichia coli (E.coli), and recombination SlyD (rSlyD) was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, transformation effects of rSlyD on AGS cells was detected by CCK-8, cell cycle, caspase-3 activity, matrigel invasion assay, and double-deck soft agar colony forming efficiency. In addition, the expressions of PCNA, KI-67, caspase-3, and MMP-9 were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. RESULTS The CCK-8 assay revealed that cell proliferation was increased in a time and dose-dependent manner in AGS + rSlyD group compared with that of AGS or AGS + PBS group (p < .05). There are significant difference of PCNA and KI67 expressions among AGS, AGS + PBS, AGS + rSlyD groups (p < .05). Soft agar colony formation assay revealed the colony number (foci>100 μm) in AGS + rSlyD group was 26.3 ± 7.09, whereas 5.6 ± 1.15 in AGS and 5.0 ± 1.0 in AGS + PBS groups, respectively (p < .01). Colorimetric enzyme assay revealed the activity of caspase-3 was decreased to 31.45 ± 0.49 after treatment with rSlyD, whereas 55.5 ± 0.43 in AGS and 55.1 ± 0.25 in AGS + PBS group, respectively (p < .001). Similar caspase-3 expression also was confirmed by Western blot. The number of invasive cells in transwell chambers assay is 196.66 ± 40.41 in AGS + rSlyD group higher than 85 ± 22.9 in AGS or 81.66 ± 15.27 in AGS + PBS group, respectively (p < .001). The MMP-9 expression in AGS + rSlyD group was also higher than that of AGS or AGS + PBS group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the HpSlyD may play an important role in disturbing cell proliferation, apoptosis, and enhancing cell transformation and invasion in the AGS cell line. HpSlyD might contribute to gastric pathogenicity in H.pylori-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Souslova T, Marple TC, Spiekerman AM, Mohammad AA. Personalized medicine in Alzheimer's disease and depression. Contemp Clin Trials 2013; 36:616-23. [PMID: 23816492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Latest research in the mental health field brings new hope to patients and promises to revolutionize the field of psychiatry. Personalized pharmacogenetic tests that aid in diagnosis and treatment choice are now becoming available for clinical practice. Amyloid beta peptide biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease are now available. For the first time, radiologists are able to visualize amyloid plaques specific to Alzheimer's disease in live patients using Positron Emission Tomography-based tests approved by the FDA. A novel blood-based assay has been developed to aid in the diagnosis of depression based on activation of the HPA axis, metabolic, inflammatory and neurochemical pathways. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors have shown increased remission rates in specific ethnic subgroups and Cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms can predict antidepressant tolerability. The latest research will help to eradicate "trial and error" prescription, ushering in the most personalized medicine to date. Like all major medical breakthroughs, integration of new algorithms and technologies requires sound science and time. But for many mentally ill patients, diagnosis and effective therapy cannot happen fast enough. This review will describe the newest diagnostic tests, treatments and clinical studies for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and unipolar, major depressive disorder.
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Key Words
- 5-HTT
- 5-HTTLPR
- 5-Hydroxytryptamine Transporter gene
- AD
- ADNI
- ADRDA
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ40
- Aβ42
- CREB
- CSF
- CT
- CV
- CYP2C19
- CYP2D6
- CYP450
- Coefficient of Variation
- Computed Tomography
- Cytochrome P450
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- DNA
- DSM
- DSM-IV-TR
- DSM-V
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Depression
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition-Text Revision
- ELISA
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epigenetics
- FDA
- FK506-binding protein
- FKBP5
- Food and Drug Administration
- GRIA
- GRIK
- HPA
- IL28RA
- KCNK2
- MDDScore
- MRI
- MTC
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Major Depressive Disorder Score
- Methylthioninium Chloride
- NINCDS
- National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke
- P-tau181P
- PAPLN
- PET
- Personalized medicine
- Positron Emission Tomography
- QC
- Quality Control
- RDoC
- RNA
- Research Domain Criteria
- Ribonucleic Acid
- SSRI
- STAR*D
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
- Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression
- Serotonin-Transporter-Gene-Linked Polymorphic Region
- T-tau
- Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181
- VNTR
- WHO
- World Health Organization
- beta-amyloid, amino acids 1–40
- beta-amyloid, amino acids 1–42
- cAMP response element-binding protein
- cerebrospinal fluid
- glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA
- glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate
- hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
- interleukin 28 receptor, alpha (interferon, lambda receptor)
- papilin, proteoglycan-like sulfated glycoprotein
- potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2
- total Tau
- variable nucleotide terminal repeat
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